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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
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FORM 6-K
Report of Foreign Issuer
Pursuant to Rule 13a-16 or 15d-16 of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 For the fiscal year ended March 31, 1999
Commission File Number 333-72195
INFOSYS TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Not Applicable
(Translation of Registrant's name into English)
Bangalore, Karnataka, India
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
Electronics City, Hosur Road,
Bangalore, Karnataka
India 561 229
+91-80-852-0261
(Address of principal executive offices)
Indicate by check mark registrant files or will file annual reports under cover
Form 20-F or Form 40-F.
Form 20-F ........x........ Form 40-F .............
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant by furnishing the
information contained in this Form is also thereby furnishing the
information to the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g 3-2(b) under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Yes ....................... No ........x...........
If "Yes" is marked, indicate below the file number assigned to registrant
in connection with Rule 12g 3-2(b).
Not applicable.
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EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit
Number Description of Document
--------- --------------------------------------------------------------
99.1 Proxy Information Statement to holders of American Depositary
Shares
99.2 Proxy Information Statement to holders of Equity Shares
99.3 Proxy Form
99.4 Annual Report for Fiscal 1999
-2-
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, the registrant certifies that it meets all the requirements for filing
on Form 6-K and has duly caused this annual report to be signed on its behalf by
the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Dated: May 13, 1999. INFOSYS TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
By: /s/ Narayana N.R. Murthy
---------------------------------------
Narayana N.R. Murthy,
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
/s/ Nandan M. Nilekani
---------------------------------------
Nandan M. Nilekani,
Managing Director, President and
Chief Operating Officer
<PAGE>
Exhibit 99.1
[LOGO] Bankers Trust Company
Four Albany Street, New York, NY 10006
May, --
1999
DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS
Depositary's Notice of Annual General Meeting of Shareholders of Infosys
Technologies Ltd.
Issue: Infosys Technologies Ltd. / Cusip 456788108
Country: India
Meeting Details: Annual General Meeting of Shareholders - Saturday, June
12th 1999 at 3.00 P.M. at Hotel Taj Residency, No. 41/3,
M.G. Road, Bangalore 560 001
Meeting Agenda: The Company's Notice of Meeting including the Agenda is
attached
Voting Deadline: On or before June 04,1999 at 5:00PM (New York City time)
ADR Record Date: May 05, 1999
Ordinary:ADR ratio: 1 Ordinary Share : 2 ADR
In accordance with Section 4.07 of the Deposit Agreement between Infosys
Technologies Ltd ("the Company") and Bankers Trust as Depositary ("the
Depositary"), Holders of Infosys Technologies Ltd. American Depositary Shares
(ADSs) are hereby notified of the Company's Annual General Meeting. A copy of
the Notice of Meeting from the Company, which includes the agenda for such
Meeting, is enclosed.
Holders of Infosys ADSs at the close of business of the above-specified record
will be entitled, subject to any applicable provision of Indian law, of the
Deposited Securities or of the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the
Company, to instruct the Depositary as to the exercise of the voting rights, if
any, pertaining to the amount of Shares or other Deposited Securities
represented by their respective American Depositary Shares. Upon receipt of the
enclosed Voting Instruction Form, duly signed, by the above-stated deadline, the
Depositary shall notify such voting instruction to the Chairman of the Company,
or such other director that the Chairman may designate, and appoint the Chairman
or that other person designated by the Chairman as representative of the
Depositary and the Registered Holders to attend such meeting and vote the
Deposited Securities in the direction so instructed by such Registered Holder.
If the Depositary does not receive instructions from a Registered Holder, such
Registered Holder may under certain circumstances be deemed to have instructed
the Depositary to give a discretionary proxy to a person designated by the
Company to vote such Deposited Securities.
Upon the written request of a Registered Holder on such record date, received on
or before the date established by the Depositary for such purpose, the
Depositary shall endeavor insofar as is practicable and permitted under the
applicable provisions of law and of the Memorandum and Articles of Association
governing Deposited Securities of the Company to vote or cause to be voted the
amount of Deposited Securities represented by such American Depositary Shares
evidenced by such Receipt in accordance with the instructions set forth in such
request.
For the purposes of this Section 4.07, in the event that the Depositary receives
express instructions from Registered Holders to demand a poll with respect to
any matter to be voted on by
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Holders, the Depositary may notify the Chairman or a person designated by the
Chairman of such instructions and request the Chairman or such designee to
demand a poll with respect to such matters and the Company agrees that the
Chairman or such designee will make their reasonable best efforts to demand a
poll at the meeting at which such matters are to be voted on and to vote such
Shares in accordance with such Registered Holder's instructions; provided,
however, that prior to any demand of a poll or request to demand poll by the
Depositary upon the terms set forth herein, the Company shall, at its expense,
deliver to the Depositary an opinion of Indian counsel, reasonably satisfactory
to the Depositary, stating that such action is in conformity with all applicable
laws and regulations and that the demand for a poll by the Depositary or a
person designated by the Depositary will not expose the Depositary to any
liability to any person. The Depositary shall not have any obligation to demand
a poll or request the demand of a poll if the Company shall not have delivered
to the Depositary the local counsel Opinion set forth in this paragraph.
Under Indian law voting of Shares is by show of hands unless a poll is demanded
by a member or members present in person or by proxy holding at least one-tenth
of the total Shares entitled to vote on the resolution or by those holding paid
up capital of at least Rs. 50,000. A proxy may not vote except in a poll.
The Depositary agrees not to, and shall ensure that the Custodian and each of
their nominees does not, vote, attempt to exercise the right to vote, or in any
way make use of, for purposes of establishing a quorum or otherwise, the Shares
or other Deposited Securities represented by the American Depositary Shares
evidenced by a Receipt other than in accordance with such instructions from the
Registered Holder, or as provided below. The Depositary may not itself exercise
any voting discretion over any Shares. If the Depositary does not receive
instructions from any Registered Holder with respect to any of the Deposited
Securities represented by the American Depositary Shares evidenced by such
Registered Holder's Receipts on or before the date established by the Depositary
for such purpose, such Registered Holder shall be deemed, and the Depositary
shall deem such Registered Holder, to have instructed the Depositary to give
discretionary proxy to a person designated by the Company to vote such Deposited
Securities; provided that (x) no such discretionary proxy shall be given with
respect to any matter as to which the Company informs the Depositary (and the
Company agrees to provide such information as promptly as practicable in
writing) that (i) the Company does not wish such proxy given, (ii) substantial
opposition exists or (iii) the rights of the holders of Shares will be adversely
affected and (y) the Depositary shall not have any obligation to give such
discretionary proxy to a person designated by the Company if the Company shall
not have delivered to the Depositary the local counsel opinion and
representation letter set forth in the next paragraph.
Prior to each request for a discretionary proxy upon the terms set forth herein,
the Company shall, at its own expense, deliver to the Depositary (aa) an opinion
of Indian counsel, reasonably satisfactory to the Depositary, stating that such
action is in conformity with all applicable laws and regulations (bb) a
representation and indemnity letter from the Company (executed by a senior
officer of the Company) which (i) designates the person to whom any
discretionary proxy should be given, (ii) confirms that the Company wishes such
discretionary proxy to be given and (iii) certifies that the Company has not and
shall not request the discretionary proxy to be given as to any matter as to
which substantial opposition exists or which may adversely affect the rights of
holders of Shares.
Shares which have been withdrawn from the depositary facility and transferred on
the Company's Register of Members to a person other than the Depositary or its
nominee may be voted by such persons. However, Registered Holders who wish to
withdraw Shares to vote at a shareholders meeting may not receive sufficient
advance notice of shareholders meetings to enable them to make such withdrawal
of the Shares in time to vote at the meeting. In addition once withdrawn from
the depositary facility, Shares may not be redeposited.
For more information, contact:
Paul Martin
Bankers Trust Company
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212 250 5065
212 250 5644 (fax)
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Exhibit 99.2
[LOGO]
Infosys Technologies Limited
Electronics City, Hosur Road
Bangalore - 561 229, India.
Tel. : 91-80-852 0261
Fax : 91-80-852 0362
April 9, 1999
Dear Member,
You are cordially invited to attend the Eighteenth Annual General Meeting of the
members on Saturday, June 12, 1999 at 3.00 p.m. at Hotel Taj Residency, No.
41/3, M. G. Road, Bangalore - 560 001.
Notice for the meeting together with proposed resolutions is enclosed herewith.
If you need special assistance at the Annual General Meeting because of a
disability, please contact the Office of the Senior Vice President (F&A),
Infosys Technologies Limited, Electronics City, Bangalore - 561 229 (Tel.:
91-80-852 0261).
Very truly yours,
N. R. Narayana Murthy
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Encl.
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[LOGO]
NOTICE
Notice is hereby given that the Eighteenth Annual General Meeting of the members
of Infosys Technologies Limited will be held on Saturday, June 12, 1999, at 3.00
p.m. at Hotel Taj Residency, No. 41/3, M.G. Road, Bangalore - 560 001, to
transact the following business:
ORDINARY BUSINESS
1. To receive, consider and adopt the Balance Sheet as at March 31, 1999 and
the Profit & Loss Account for the year ended on that date and the Report
of Directors' and Auditors' thereon.
2. To declare a final dividend.
3. To appoint a director in place of Mr. N. S. Raghavan who retires by
rotation and is eligible for re-election.
4. To appoint a director in place of Mr. S. Gopalakrishnan who retires by
rotation and is eligible for re-election.
5. To appoint a director in place of Mr. S. D. Shibulal who retires by
rotation and is eligible for re-election.
6. To appoint Auditors to hold office from the conclusion of this meeting
until the conclusion of the next Annual General Meeting and to fix their
remuneration.
SPECIAL BUSINESS
7. To consider and if thought fit, to pass with or without modifications as
an ordinary resolution, the following:
"RESOLVED THAT, pursuant to the provisions of Section 269, Schedule XIII
and other applicable provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 the approval of
the members in General Meeting be and is hereby accorded, to the
appointment of Mr. N. R. Narayana Murthy as the Chairman & Chief Executive
Officer of the company for the period from February 11, 1999 to April 30,
2002 on the same remuneration, pay scale and other terms and conditions as
approved by the company in the Annual General Meeting held on June 7,
1997."
8. To consider and if thought fit, to pass with or without modifications as
an ordinary resolution, the following:
"RESOLVED THAT, pursuant to the provisions of Section 269, Schedule XIII
and other applicable provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 the approval of
the members in General Meeting be and is hereby accorded, to the
appointment of Mr. Nandan M. Nilekani as the Managing Director, President
& Chief Operating Officer of the company for the period from February 11,
1999 to April 30, 2002 on the same remuneration, pay scale and other terms
and conditions as approved by the company in the Annual General Meeting
held on June 7, 1997."
9. To consider and if thought fit, to pass with or without modifications as a
special resolution the following:
"RESOLVED THAT pursuant to the provisions of Section 81 and all other
applicable provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 and relevant provisions
of the Memorandum and Articles of the company and subject to any SEBI
Guidelines on Employee Stock Options which may be made hereafter, the
Board of Directors (hereinafter referred to as the Board, which term shall
be deemed to include any Committee thereof) be and are hereby authorized
on behalf of the company to issue, offer and allot 33,00,000 equity shares
of nominal value Rs. 10/- each to the employees, of the company or of a
subsidiary whether now or hereafter existing, in India or overseas,
(including executive and non-executive directors but excluding the
Promoter Directors) under a new Employee Stock Option Plan (the 1999
Option Plan) to be created by the company for the benefit of the employees
inter alia on the following terms and conditions:
a) Each option to be granted to eligible employees shall entitle the
employee to apply for and be allotted one equity share of nominal
value Rs. 10/-, each at a fair market price to be determined by the
Board of
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[LOGO]
Directors or the Compensation Committee to be appointed by the Board
for the purpose and subject to any regulation or guidelines of the
SEBI in regard to the pricing of the options, as applicable from
time to time.
b) Each option shall be vested in the optionee after a minimum of 12
months from the date of grant of the option or at such times as may
be determined by the Board from time to time, subject to the minimum
vesting period.
c) The options shall be valid and exercisable for such periods as may
be determined by the Board, from time to time.
d) The payment for the shares to be allotted upon exercise of an
option, may consist of cash, cheque or consideration received by the
company under a cash-less exercise program implemented by the
company in connection with the 1999 Option Plan or any combination
of the foregoing methods of payment.
e) The options to be granted to eligible employees shall be determined
by the Board based on an appraisal process consisting inter alia of
the employee's grade, years of service, present performance, future
potential contribution, conduct and such other factors as may be
specified.
f) No employee shall, during any fiscal year of the company be granted
options exceeding the limit fixed by the SEBI in this regard from
time to time, without a specific special resolution of the members
in General Meeting.
g) The company shall conform to the accounting policies mandated by
applicable law or regulations of the SEBI or any other relevant
regulation as is applicable to the accounting of such options.
h) Subject to the approval of the stock exchanges, the relevant equity
share on exercise of the options shall be listed on the stock
exchanges.
i) The equity shares issued upon exercise of the options shall rank
pari passu in all respects with the existing equity shares save and
except their entitlement to dividend which will commence only from
the date of allotment of such equity shares and pro-rata for the
financial year in which the dividend is declared.
j) The Board shall have the power to make a fair and reasonable
adjustment to the number of options and to the exercise price in
case of rights issues, bonus issues and other corporate actions".
"RESOLVED FURTHER THAT the Board of Directors be and is hereby authorized to
determine all other terms and conditions of the issue of the said options as the
Board may in its absolute discretion determine".
By Order of the Board
Electronics City,
Hosur Road,
Bangalore - 561 229, India. V. Viswanathan
April 9, 1999 Company Secretary
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[LOGO]
NOTES:
1. A member entitled to attend and vote at the meeting is entitled to appoint
a proxy to attend the meeting and the proxy need not be a member of the
company. Under the Companies Act, voting is by show of hands unless a poll
is demanded by a member or members present in person, or by proxy holding
at least one-tenth of the total shares entitled to vote on the resolution
or by those holding paid-up capital of at least Rs. 50,000. A proxy may
not vote except in a poll.
2. An Explanatory Statement pursuant to Section 173(2) of the Companies Act,
1956 is annexed hereto.
3. The instrument appointing the proxy should be deposited at the Registered
Office of the company not less than 48 hours before the commencement of
the meeting.
4. Members/Proxies should bring duly filled Attendance Slips sent herewith
for attending the meeting.
5. The Register of Directors' shareholdings, maintained under Section 307 of
the Companies Act, 1956, is available for inspection by the members at the
Annual General Meeting.
6. The Register of Contracts, maintained under Section 301 of the Companies
Act, 1956, is available for inspection by the members at the Registered
Office of the company.
7. The Register of Members and Share Transfer Books will remain closed from
June 4, 1999 to June 12, 1999 both days inclusive.
8. Subject to the provisions of Section 206A of the Companies Act, 1956,
dividend as recommended by the Board of Directors, if declared at the
meeting, will be payable on or after June 12, 1999 to those Members whose
names appear in the Register of Members as on June 4,1999.
9. Members are requested to address all their correspondence including change
of address, dividend mandates, etc., to the Registrar and Share Transfer
Agents - Karvy Consultants Limited, T. K. N. Complex, No. 51/2, Vanivilas
Road, Opp. National College, Basavanagudi, Bangalore - 560 004, India.
10. The members are informed that the dividends which were declared at the
previous Annual General Meetings held in September 1993 for the year ended
March 31, 1993; interim dividend paid in December 1993 for the year ended
March 31, 1994; dividend declared at the Annual General Meeting held in
June 1994 for the year March 31, 1994; interim dividend paid in December
1994 for the year ended March 31, 1995 and dividend declared at the Annual
General Meeting held on June 3, 1995 for the year ended March 31, 1995,
and which remained unclaimed for more than three years have been
transferred by the Company to the General Revenue Account of the Central
Government, pursuant to Section 205A(5) of the Companies Act, 1956.
11. Members wishing to claim dividends, which remain unclaimed, are requested
to correspond with Mr. V. Viswanathan, Company Secretary at the company's
registered office for further particulars.
EXPLANATORY STATEMENT UNDER SECTION 173(2) OF THE COMPANIES ACT, 1956.
ITEM 7 & 8
Mr. N. R. Narayana Murthy and Mr. Nandan M. Nilekani were appointed as the
Chairman & Managing Director and Deputy Managing Director of the company
respectively for a period of five years with effect from May 1, 1997. As part of
the company's strategic organizational planning, for future growth, expansion
and globalization of the business of the company, the Board considered it
expedient to appoint Mr. N. R. Narayana Murthy as the Chairman & Chief Executive
Officer and Mr. Nandan M. Nilekani as the Managing Director, President & Chief
Operating Officer of the company and they have been appointed, accordingly to
the respective positions at the Board Meeting held on February 10, 1999. Both
Mr. N. R. Narayana Murthy and Mr. Nandan M. Nilekani shall hold their respective
offices for the remaining period of their tenure i.e., from February 11, 1999 to
April 30, 2002. The remuneration payable to them and other terms and conditions
of their appointment shall remain the same as
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[LOGO]
approved by the company in the Annual General Meeting held on June 7, 1997 and
as restated in the Abstract of the Terms of Appointments of Chairman & Chief
Executive Officer and Managing Director/ President & Chief Operating Officer
sent to the members on February 26, 1999, pursuant to Section 302 of the
Companies Act, 1956.
The Abstract of the Terms of Appointment dated February 26, 1999 circulated
pursuant to Section 302 of the Companies Act, 1956, to the members is reproduced
below. The copies of relevant resolutions of the Board/company in respect of the
appointments are available for inspection by the members at the Registered
Office of the company during working hours on any working day till the date of
this Annual General Meeting.
No other director except Mr. N. R. Narayana Murthy and Mr. Nandan M. Nilekani,
may be considered as interested or concerned in the resolutions.
ABSTRACT OF THE TERMS OF APPOINTMENTS OF MR. N. R. NARAYANA MURTHY AS CHAIRMAN &
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND MR. NANDAN M. NILEKANI AS MANAGING DIRECTOR,
PRESIDENT & CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER OF INFOSYS TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED ISSUED TO
THE MEMBERS OF THE COMPANY PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE COMPANIES ACT 1956:
The Board of Directors at their meeting held on February 10, 1999, appointed Mr.
N. R. Narayana Murthy as Chairman & Chief Executive Officer and Mr. Nandan M.
Nilekani as Managing Director, President & Chief Operating Officer of the
company with effect from February 11, 1999, on the same terms and conditions of
their appointments as Chairman & Managing Director and Deputy Managing Director
respectively, as approved by the members pursuant to the provisions of Sections
198, 269, 309, Schedule XIII and other applicable provisions of the Companies
Act 1956, at the Annual General Meeting held on June 7, 1997. The terms and
conditions of their appointments are as follows:
1. Period of appointment: With effect from February 11,1999 to April 30,
2002.
2. Details of remuneration:
a) Present salary per month: in Rs.
N. R. Narayana Murthy 54,100 } in the scale of Rs. 30,000 -
Rs. 80,000
Nandan M. Nilekani 54,100 } in the scale of Rs. 30,000 -
Rs. 80,000
b) Performance bonus:
Mr. N. R. Narayana Murthy and Mr. Nandan M. Nilekani, shall be
entitled to performance bonus based on their performance or based on
their value addition to the company, up to a maximum of 25% of
salary, payable quarterly or at other intervals as may be decided by
the Board.
c) Perquisites and allowances:
i) Housing: Furnished/unfurnished residential accommodation or
house rent allowance at 45% of salary in lieu thereof. The
expenditure incurred by the company on gas, electricity, water
and furnishings shall be valued as per Income Tax Rules, 1962.
ii) Medical reimbursement/allowance: Reimbursement of actual
expenses for self and family and/or allowances will be paid as
per the rules of the company.
iii) Leave travel concession/allowance: For self and family once in
a year, in accordance with the rules of the company.
iv) Club fees: Fees payable subject to a maximum of two clubs.
v) Personal accident insurance: As per the rules of the company.
d) Earned/privilege leave: As per the rules of the company.
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e) Company's contribution to provident fund and superannuation fund:
These contributions will not be included as perquisites to the
extent that these, either singly or put together, are not taxable
under the Income Tax Act,1961.
f) Gratuity payable as per the rules of the company.
g) Encashment of leave at the end of the tenure, will not be included
in the computation of the ceiling on perquisites to the extent the
same are not taxable under the Income Tax Act, 1961.
h) Use of the company's car for official purposes and telephone at
residence (including payment for local calls and long distance
official calls) shall not be included in the computation of
perquisites.
i) The aggregate of the salary, performance bonus, perquisites and
allowances, contribution towards provident fund and superannuation
fund taken together in respect of payment to Mr. N. R. Narayana
Murthy and Mr. Nandan M. Nilekani, shall always be subject to the
overall ceilings laid down in Sections 198 and 309 of the Companies
Act, 1956.
Minimum remuneration
Where in any financial year, during the currency of tenure of Mr. N.
R. Narayana Murthy and Mr. Nandan M. Nilekani, the company incurs a
loss or its profits are inadequate, the company may pay them
remuneration by way of salary, performance bonus, perquisites and
allowances not exceeding the limits as specified below:
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Mr. N. R. Narayana Murthy Rs. 12,33,480 p.a. or Rs.1,02,790 p.m.
Mr. Nandan M. Nilekani Rs. 12,33,480 p.a. or Rs.1,02,790 p.m.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
and in addition the perquisites not exceeding the limits specified
under Para 2 of Section II, Part II of Schedule XIII to the
Companies Act, 1956, or such other limits as may be prescribed by
the Government from time to time as minimum remuneration.
3. The Agreement may be terminated by either party by giving six months
notice in writing, of such termination.
4. If, at any time, Mr. N. R. Narayana Murthy and Mr. Nandan M. Nilekani
cease to be directors of the company for any cause whatsoever, the
agreement shall forthwith be terminated.
5. Mr. N. R. Narayana Murthy and Mr. Nandan M. Nilekani shall perform such
duties as may from time to time be entrusted to them, subject to the
superintendence and control of the Board of Directors.
MEMORANDUM OF INTEREST
No director, except Mr. N. R. Narayana Murthy and Mr. Nandan M. Nilekani are
concerned or interested in their respective appointments.
This abstract is being sent to members, as per the requirement of Section 302 of
the Companies Act, 1956.
For Infosys Technologies Limited
Place: Bangalore V. Viswanathan
February 26, 1999 Company Secretary
ITEM 9
Employee stock options are considered to be an effective tool to attract and
retain the best talent in the software industry. Your company instituted an
Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) in September 1994 pursuant to the enabling
resolutions of the shareholders in the General Meeting. The company has
successfully implemented the
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ESOP and the majority of the shares reserved therein have been
allotted/transferred to the employees. The company proposes to institute a new
ESOP and reserve an appropriate number of shares thereunder to allot equity
shares against the stock options granted to employees of the company located in
India and overseas. Accordingly, the Board seeks your approval by way of a
Special resolution in terms of Section 81(1)(A) of the Companies Act, to
institute the new ESOP. The aforementioned proposal is subject to any
regulations or guidelines to be made by the SEBI and the provisions of the
Companies Act, 1956 applicable to Employee Stock Option Plans.
In case stock options are made available to the directors of the Company (other
than the promoter directors who have excluded themselves from the ESOP scheme),
then such directors may be deemed to be interested in this item.
The Board recommends these resolutions for the approval of the members.
By Order of the Board
Electronics City,
Hosur Road,
Bangalore - 561 229, India. V. Viswanathan
April 9, 1999 Company Secretary
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON DIRECTORS SEEKING ELECTION AT THE ANNUAL GENERAL
MEETING
Following is the biographical data about each candidate seeking re-election as a
director:
[PHOTO]
Mr. S. Gopalakrishnan is a co-founder of Infosys and has served as a director
since 1981 and as Head - Client Delivery and Technology of Infosys since 1996.
From 1994 to 1996, Mr. Gopalakrishnan was head of Technical Support Services for
Infosys. From 1987 to 1994, he was Technical Vice President and managed all
projects at the U.S. based KSA/Infosys, a former joint venture between the
company and Kurt Salmon Associates. Prior to that, Mr. Gopalakrishnan was
Technical Director of Infosys, responsible for the technical direction of the
company. Mr. Gopalakrishnan received an M.Sc. in Physics and an M.Tech. in
Computer Science from IIT, Chennai.
[PHOTO]
Mr. N. S. Raghavan is a co-founder of Infosys and has served as a director since
1981 and as Head - Human Resources and Education of Infosys since 1996. From
1981 to 1996, his responsibilities included developing new strategic business
units, setting up new development centers, and formulating new HR initiatives.
Mr. Raghavan received a B.E. in Electrical Engineering from Andhra University.
[PHOTO]
Mr. S. D. Shibulal is a co-founder of Infosys and has served as a director from
1984 to 1991 and since 1997. He has served as Head - Manufacturing, Distribution
and Year 2000 Business Unit and Head - Internet and Intranet Business Unit of
Infosys since 1997. From 1991 to 1996, Mr. Shibulal was on sabbatical from
Infosys and served as Senior Information Resource Manager at Sun Microsystems,
Inc. From 1981 to 1991, he worked for Infosys in the United States on projects
in the retail and manufacturing industries. Mr. Shibulal received an M.Sc. in
Physics from the University of Kerala and an M.S. in Computer Science from
Boston University.
Attendance record of the directors seeking re-election:
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Number of meetings held Number of meetings attended
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mr. S. Gopalakrishnan 9 7
Mr. N. S. Raghavan 9 8
Mr. S. D. Shibulal 9 8
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Exhibit 99.3
[LOGO]
INFOSYS TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
Registered Office
ELECTRONICS CITY, HOSUR ROAD, BANGALORE - 561 229, INDIA.
PROXY FORM
---------------------
Regd. Folio No.
---------------------
I/We ...................................... of .................................
in the district of ............................... being a member/members of the
Company hereby appoint ............................. of ........................
in the district of ........................ or failing him/her .................
of ........................................ in the district of .................
as my/our proxy to vote for me/us on my/our behalf at the EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL
GENERAL MEETING of the Company to be held at 3.00 p.m. on Saturday, June 12,
1999 and at any adjournment(s) thereof.
Signed this ..........................day of ............................. 1999.
---------
Signature ........... Rupee one
Revenue
Stamp
---------
Notes: This form, in order to be effective, should be duly stamped, completed
and signed and must be deposited at the Registered Office of the Company,
not less than 48 hours before the meeting.
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[GRAPHIC] Please tear here
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INFOSYS TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
Registered Office
ELECTRONICS CITY, HOSUR ROAD, BANGALORE - 561 229, INDIA.
ATTENDANCE SLIP
Eighteenth Annual General Meeting - June 12, 1999
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Regd. Folio No. No. of shares held
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I certify that I am a Member/Proxy for the Member of the Company.
I hereby record my presence at the EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING of the
Company at Hotel Taj Residency, No. 41/3, M.G. Road, Bangalore - 560 001 at 3.00
p.m. on Saturday, June 12, 1999.
......................... .........................
Member's/Proxy's name in Signature of Member/Proxy
BLOCK Letters
Note: Please fill up this attendance slip and hand it over at the entrance of
the meeting hall.
Members are requested to bring their copies of the Annual Report to the
meeting.
<PAGE>
Exhibit 13.1
Infosys Annual Report
For
Fiscal 1999
<PAGE>
Information Technology in the Next
Millennium
- the Challenges for the Chief Information Officer
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Nothing endures but change.
Heraclitus
(540 - 480 B. C.)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The growth of Information Technology (IT) has been most spectacular in the last
fifteen years. This period has demonstrated that the only constant in the IT
field is change. This industry has attracted a large number of visionary
entrepreneurs, an abundance of venture capital, and a vast pool of high quality
professionals. Not since the industrial revolution, has an industry brought
about such improvements in value-for-money to users as has the IT industry.
However, the best is yet to come. As we move into the next millennium, this
industry will shape the lives of billions of people from the boardrooms of New
York to the bazaars of Nepal. This year, Infosys brings you an abridged version
of a very informative panel discussion on Information Technology in the Next
Millennium - the Challenges for the Chief Information Officer.
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Contents
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<S> <C>
The year at a glance 3
Awards for excellence - 1998-99 4
Nandan M. Nilekani, Managing Director, President and Chief Operating Officer 7
Letter to the shareholders 9
IT in the Next Millennium - The Challenges for the Chief Information Officer 12
Board of directors 20
Management council 20
Directors' report 23
Risk management 36
Corporate governance 43
Report of the committees of the board 51
Management statement 54
Auditors' report 55
Financial statements prepared in accordance with
Indian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (Indian GAAP) 58
Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations 72
Statement of cash flows 81
Balance sheet abstract and company's general business profile 83
Statement pursuant to section 212 of the
Companies Act, 1956 relating to subsidiary company 84
Financial statements of Yantra Corporation (a subsidiary) 85
Financial statements prepared in accordance with the
United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP) 109
Summary of consolidated financial data 110
Information in Form 20-F of United States Securities and Exchange Commission 147
Shareholder information 178
Frequently asked questions 183
Additional information to shareholders
Share performance chart 187
Intangible assets scoresheet 188
Human Resources Accounting and Value-Added statement 191
Brand valuation 193
Balance Sheet (including the intangible assets) 195
Economic-Value-Added (EVA) statement 196
Ratio Analysis 197
Statutory obligations / segment reporting 200
Management structure 203
A historical perspective 204
Consolidated financial statements of Infosys and its subsidiary 208
Infosys Foundation 209
Financial statements prepared in substantial compliance with
GAAP requirements of Australia, Canada, France,
Germany, the United Kingdom and Japan 208
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
The year at a glance
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<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
In millions, except per equity share data
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March 31, 1999 March 31, 1998
Rs. US$ Rs. US$
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<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
For the year
Total revenue 5,127.38 121.96 2,603.66 69.86
Exports 5,002.54 118.99 2,509.38 67.33
Operating profit (PBIDT) 1,917.48 45.61 886.12 23.78
Profit after tax (PAT) from ordinary activities 1,329.15 31.62 603.63 16.20
PBIDT as a percentage of total revenue 37.40% 37.40% 34.03% 34.03%
PAT (from ordinary activities)
as a percentage of total revenue 25.92% 25.92% 23.18% 23.18%
Earnings per share (from ordinary activities) 40.19 0.96 18.25 0.49
Dividend per share (pro-rata) 7.50 0.18 6.00 0.16
Dividend amount 121.08 2.88 70.29 1.89
Capital investment 716.79 17.05 344.10 9.23
PAT as a percentage of average net worth 54.16% 54.16% 42.24% 42.24%
At the end of the year
Total assets 5,744.31 136.31 1,729.57 43.81
Fixed assets (net) 1,007.16 23.90 649.54 16.45
Liquid assets 4,166.59 98.87 511.42 12.95
Working capital 4,729.60 112.24 972.26 24.63
Total debt -- -- -- --
Net worth 5,744.31 136.31 1,729.57 43.81
Equity 330.70 7.85 160.17 4.06
Market capitalization 96,728.00 2,295.40 29,634.22 750.61
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</TABLE>
Figures in US$ were calculated by converting Indian GAAP figures at the average
conversion rate for the year for all Profit and Loss Account items, and at the
closing rate for all Balance Sheet items to facilitate comparison. The above
figures are for information purposes only.
Market capitalization is calculated by considering the Indian market price for
shares outstanding at year-end.
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<PAGE>
Awards for excellence - 1998-99
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AON team
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Basab Pradhan o Pravin Rao o Rajiv Raghu o Manish Tandon o Padmanabhan D.
NYNEXPR CMM Level 4 team
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Shinju Damodaran o Santosh K. Srivastava o Savita Patkar
SAP implementation team
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Balakrishnan V. o Sastry M. S. o Ramadas Kamath U. o Venkatesh Gadiyar H.
Raghavan S.o Vinayak Pai V. o Sivaramakrishnan K.
<PAGE>
"Y2K-as-an-entry-strategy" team
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Dheeshjith V. G. o Krishnamurthy T. S. o Subramanyam S. V. o Ravi Kiran
o Harsha H. M. o Ganesh G.
Ramaa Sivaram o Muralikrishna K. o Samson David o Srikanta Kumar o Shaji
Mathew o Chittibabu B.
Corporate Communications team
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Sudha Kumar
B. M. Rao
Jessie Paul
Internal customer champions
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Col. Krishna C.V. o Srivathsa P. S.
Madhu Krishna Rao o Suresh Kamath
Revanna S. o Chandrappa
<PAGE>
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<PAGE>
Nandan M. Nilekani
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Managing Director, President and
Chief Operating Officer
I am very happy that I share the authorship of this year's Letter to the
shareholders with my colleague, Mr. Nandan M. Nilekani (Nandan, as he is
affectionately known), the new managing director of Infosys. As the company
takes on new challenges of growth and globalization, I felt the need to share my
responsibility with another person. The board of directors, after due
deliberations, decided to appoint Nandan as the new managing director, president
and chief operating officer, to take over the operational responsibilities from
me so that I could concentrate on strategic issues as we move to the next
millennium. Mr. N. S. Raghavan, the joint managing director, requested that the
board not consider him as he felt that Infosys needed a much younger person for
such a role. Once again, as he has always done, Raghavan demonstrated his
farsighted views on leadership keeping in mind the long-term challenges that
Infosys would face.
Nandan became the new managing director, president, and chief operating officer
on February 11, 1999. He looks after all day-to-day operations and reports to
me. I continue as the chairman and chief executive officer.
I have known Nandan closely ever since he walked into my room as a 23-year-old
and charmed me into recruiting him as a software engineer when I was the head of
software at PCS, Bombay in 1979. In fact, he is the first of more than three
thousand software engineers who have worked with me and have emerged with flying
colors from the tough battery of tests for learnability. My 25-year-old
hypothesis is that, in a rapidly changing industry like software, learnability,
rather than knowledge base, is critical for sustained success. Nandan is a
flourishing icon of this idea that has been independently accepted and practised
by other well-known companies.
Nandan has demonstrated the power of learnability by successfully handling a
variety of responsibilities including software development, sales and marketing.
He is a rare example of one endowed with the best of left and right brain
capabilities. Whether it is analytics or articulation, you will find him always
at his best. Tough when needed but always gentle at heart, he is a great asset
to this growing company. Nobody knows better than he does that energy,
enthusiasm and excellence in execution are the attributes of a great leader. I
have no doubt that he will continue to demonstrate these attributes in every
task that he takes up in his new role. I am excited at the prospect of shaping
the future of Infosys jointly with him.
Best of everything, Nandan!
Sd
April 9, 1999 N. R. Narayana Murthy
Bangalore Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
<PAGE>
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Board of Directors
Left to right: top : Shibulal S. D., Dinesh K., Susim M. Datta, Nandan M.
Nilekani, Prof. Marti Subrahmanyam
bottom : Raghavan N. S., N. R. Narayana Murthy, Ramesh Vangal,
Gopalakrishnan S., Deepak M. Satwalekar
<PAGE>
Letter to the shareholders
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Dear Shareholder,
At the outset, we welcome our new investors who have purchased the Infosys
American Depositary Shares (ADS) consequent to our listing on the NASDAQ. We had
announced last year, as part of our globalization strategy, our intention to
list on a stock exchange in the United States. On March 11, 1999, Infosys became
the first India-registered company to be listed on a stock exchange in the
United States. The listing will enhance our visibility in the marketplace, and
also provide an acquisition currency. Infosys has also created an ADS-based
Employees Stock Option Plan (ESOP), and the first lot of such stock options has
been granted.
We are happy to report on another successful year. The total revenue, exports,
PBIDT and PAT grew from Rs. 260.37 crore, Rs. 250.94 crore, Rs. 88.61 crore and
Rs. 60.36 crore in 1997-98 to Rs. 512.74 crore, Rs. 500.25 crore, Rs. 191.75
crore and Rs. 135.27 crore respectively in 1998-99. Despite the sluggish
domestic economy, domestic sales of Bancs2000 grew from Rs. 6.70 crore in
1997-98 to Rs. 8.32 crore in 1998-99. Achieving such overall growth without
impacting quality, delivery schedule and cost is a rare phenomenon.
Our business is customized software development, re-engineering and maintenance
in many vertical areas including retailing and distribution, banking and
finance, insurance, manufacturing and data communication. We bring expertise in
several technologies including hardware and software platforms for leveraging
the capabilities of the Internet, open systems, the mid-ranges and the
mainframes. Our growth strategy is based on our global software delivery model.
This model provides a framework for scoping development, re-engineering and
maintenance projects as fixed-price, fixed-time-frame projects. It leverages the
availability of high-quality professionals in large numbers in India, our
ability to operate world-class software development centers, fast implementation
of new quality and productivity models, and our lower cost of operations. We are
happy to state that the fixed-price, fixed-time-frame projects have contributed
about 36% of the total revenue during the year.
Growth in sales and improvement in margins come from repeat transactions with
the same client. Around 90% of the revenue this year has come from companies who
were clients in the prior fiscal year. We have used the Year 2000 opportunity to
establish relationships with thirteen new clients with eight of whom we have
started our mainstream business of development, re-engineering and maintenance.
Most of our growth in future is likely to come from the mainstream services of
development, re-engineering and maintenance. Internet, package implementation,
engineering services and telecom services are likely to be the services of the
future registering significant growth rates, though on a small base.
<PAGE>
E-commerce is the vehicle for growth in the next millennium. Your company
designs, erects and maintains robust and secure Internet, intranet and extranet
infrastructure both for improving internal productivity as well as for
leveraging the power of e-commerce. This practice has shown considerable growth
during the past year contributing 3.7% to the total revenue. We intend to focus
even more on this growing market opportunity in the future.
Prudent risk management is a key requirement for any global business and is an
integral part of the business strategy at Infosys. The business de-risking model
of Infosys does not allow excessive dependence on any one client, technology,
service or vertical market. The largest client contributed 6.4% to the total
revenue. The top five clients contributed 28.4% of the total revenue this year
as compared to 35.1% last year.
Right at the time of starting the Year 2000 services in 1997, we had prescribed
a limit of 25% contribution to total revenue from the Year 2000 practice. The
contribution from this service was: 8% in 1997, 23% in 1998 and 20% in 1999. The
quarterly contribution of this service to total revenue during the year has been
- - 24% in Q1, 23% in Q2, 19% in Q3 and 15% in Q4. Thus, the de-risking model is
working well. Efforts were also made to increase the share of revenue from
countries other than the United States. Infosys invested Yen 24 million in
JASDIC Park Company during this year. JASDIC Park is promoted by Mr. Kenichi
Ohmae of the Heisei Research Institute. JASDIC Park, along with our branch
office in Japan, will focus on increasing our presence in the Japanese market.
Our Maastricht office has moved to Frankfurt, Germany.
As we move forward, our challenge is to grow while protecting our margins. This
requires that we improve our per-capita revenue productivity and contain our
costs. The composite per-capita revenue productivity has grown by 9.4% this year
over last year. The company spent over 9% of its revenue on technology, and
training to enhance the productivity of its professionals. Costs are under
control and the benefits of economies of scale are visible. Our strategy of
diversifying the base of software professionals by setting up software
development centers at multiple locations in India has helped increase the pool
of software professionals to 3,158 (3,389 IT professionals including those in
support functions) at the year-end from 2,186 last year.
We have made significant investments in physical and technological
infrastructure, tools, methodologies and processes to fine-tune the concurrent,
distributed development module of our global delivery model. In future, this
investment will reduce cycle times and costs, and improve quality and
productivity for our customers. Infrastructural expansion, when completed in the
next two to three years, is expected to add approximately 8,90,000 square feet
of office space for over 6,000 employees in India. We completed the construction
of 1,67,600 square feet of space at Infosys Park, our new campus in Bangalore.
We added 23,000 square feet of office space at Chennai. We have started the
development of a new campus at Pune. Our investments in technological
infrastructure and telecommunications ensure that adequate capacity is built to
meet increased demand from our clients.
<PAGE>
Effective management of growth demands a user-friendly, robust, and secure
information infrastructure. During the third quarter, your company went live on
R/3 - SAP's end-to-end integrated information infrastructure. The implementation
was completed in just over 5 months one of the fastest ever. Infosys managed the
entire project primarily using internal resources and expertise.
During the year, the company won several awards including the prestigious
Company of the Year award instituted by The Economic Times, a highly-respected
business daily in India.
As we move to the next millennium, IT is likely to play a greater role
in shaping the destiny of corporations worldwide. Thus, the management
council decided to hold a panel discussion at New Orleans, USA on
October 8-9, 1998 to discuss the topic: IT in the Next Millennium - the
Challenges for the Chief Information Officer. Mr. Phaneesh Murthy, Head
(Worldwide Sales) - Infosys, moderated this discussion. The participants
were: Mr. Bill Gauld, CIO, Textron; Mr. Ivo Cools, CIO, Belgacom Mobile;
Mr. S. D. Shibulal, Director, Infosys; Prof. Vijay Gurbaxani, Professor,
University of California, Irvine; Mr. Wolly Morin, CIO, Ann Taylor; Mr.
Charlie Mitchell, Vice-President - Information Services, Nordstrom; Paul
Strassmann, a well-known consultant; and David Grossmann, Managing
Director at Thomas Wiesel Partners LLC. We are thankful to these
well-known thinkers and practitioners.
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Infoscions are men and women of high discipline, integrity, quality,
productivity, creativity and commitment. On behalf of the board of directors and
the management council, and on your behalf, we place on record our appreciation
and gratitude to these high achievers.
Sd Sd
Bangalore Nandan M. Nilekani N. R. Narayana Murthy
April 9, 1999 Managing Director, President Chairman
and Chief Operating Officer and Chief Executive Officer
The forward-looking statements in the Letter to the Shareholders should be read
in conjunction with the following cautionary statements. Certain expectations
and projections regarding future performance of the company referenced in this
Annual Report are forward-looking statements. These expectations and projections
are based on currently available competitive, financial, and economic data along
with the company's operating plans and are subject to certain future events and
uncertainties, that could cause actual results to differ materially.
<PAGE>
Information Technology in the Next Millennium -
the Challenges for the Chief Information Officer
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
In the last twenty years, Information Technology (IT) has influenced
our lives and the way we do business like no other technology has.
Change, speed of change, and adaptability to change have become the
key concerns of every Chief Information Officer (CIO). To understand
the challenges for CIOs as we move into the next millennium, Infosys
invited several well-known thinkers and practitioners of IT from
across the globe for a panel discussion on this topic at New
Orleans, Louisiana, USA on October 8-9, 1998.
Mr. Phaneesh Murthy, Head (Worldwide Sales) - Infosys, moderated the
discussion. The participants were:
[GRAPHIC OMITTED]
Mr. Bill Gauld (Bill)
CIO, Textron
Mr. Ivo Cools (Ivo)
CIO, Belgacom Mobile
Mr. S. D. Shibulal (Shibu)
Director, Infosys
Prof. Vijay Gurbaxani (Vijay)
Professor, University of California, Irvine
Mr. Wolly Morin (Wolly)
CIO, Ann Taylor
Mr. Charles Mitchell (Charles)
Vice-President - Information Services, Nordstrom
Mr. Paul Strassmann (Paul)
Consultant
Mr. David Grossmann (David)
Managing Director at Thomas Wiesel Partners LLC.
The editors of this annual report provide below an abridged version
of the panel discussion. Infosys accepts full responsibility for any
possible errors in abridging the views of the panelists. However,
Infosys is not responsible for the views expressed by the panelists.
<PAGE>
Phaneesh
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Welcome to the panelists and the audience. I request the opinion
of the panelists on the challenges that the CIOs face as they
move to the next millennium.
Bill
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I see three challenges in the future. First, realizing that we have
to change the way we deliver information technology solutions to our
businesses, which are likely to change even faster as we move to the
next millennium. We may benefit from using the finer principles of
supply chain management in delivering IT solutions to our end users.
The second challenge is to create an IT infrastructure that is
robust, secure, inexpensive and, most importantly, flexible - able
to handle the unplanned as easily as the planned. An IT
infrastructure that is highly reusable and adaptively evolving can
cumulatively strengthen the competitive advantage of the
organization. In the 21st century, thanks to the high velocity of
market dynamics, we will not be able to disrupt our entire business
and replace all our applications and platforms, as we have done many
times in the past. In addition, the imperative to reduce the cost of
operations will force us to reuse our huge existing investment in
IT.
The third challenge is a standard one - people shortage. The
conventional wisdom is that this shortage will reduce post-Y2K. But,
I think the shortage will continue at the current level, if not
increase.
[GRAPHIC OMITTED]
Ivo
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Today, we need people with the skills of at least the last three
generations of IT. This will continue in future. In addition, in
technical areas like Telecommunications, we will need professionals
with both engineering as well as IT skills. Finding these resources
will become even harder in future.
I agree with Bill that our future systems will have to be highly
adaptable and reusable to handle the higher pace of change that we
will see in future. Our systems will have to become more
object-oriented to handle changes inexpensively while causing
minimum perturbation to the current operations. This requirement
will become most pronounced in Europe as they integrate
multi-currency, multi-lingual, and even multi-company operations.
We will also continue to face the challenge of de-risking the
outsourcing strategy given the speed of change in business
practices, marketplace and technology.
The IT professional must show greater speed in acquiring domain
knowledge to help the organization innovate for success in a
marketplace with a volatile customer base.
I also believe the 24-by-7 paradigm will become critical in
development, maintenance and operational support of IT systems in
future.
Shibu
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I believe there are only two things constant in our profession - IT
is here to stay, and it will be in a constant state of change!
Business imperatives rather than technology advances will drive the
changes. Thanks to advances in technology, the any-time-any-where
paradigm will become the norm in solving the increasingly complex
problems that the next millennium will force on us. Such a focus on
decentralization in business operations will require similar
decentralization even in IT application development, maintenance and
operations. Corporate IT would, then, focus on network and security
issues and on enterprise-wide solutions. Thus, IT will play a
greater role in corporate strategy and the CIO is likely to be on
the board. The challenge is to train the staff of IT departments to
become more business-oriented and strategic in their thinking.
<PAGE>
Vijay
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We, in academia, have been studying how newer and better business
models are easily outperforming the older ones. The first-mover
advantage is becoming increasingly critical. There is immense
pressure on the IT organization to deliver the capability to quickly
catch up with the first-movers. Thus, the strength of the IT group
in an organization will be measured by the learnability and quick
implementation skills of its staff rather than the suite of
applications it possesses currently. Developing these competencies
will be a big challenge.
The pressures from e-commerce on price and delivery time will result
in increased enterprise integration based on common information
infrastructure - information utilities that perform all the
transaction processing for many organizations. Designing
enterprise-specific front-office applications, and deriving business
intelligence from innovative data mining will become the key
determinants for success in the marketplace.
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Wolly
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Our challenge is to use technology and innovation of our people to
improve customer satisfaction, cost, cycle time, response time, and
productivity. Motivating our staff is one of our biggest challenges.
In the beginning of the IT era, we took people out of business and
made them technologists. In the recent past, we have been putting
them back in the business functions where they belong. In the next
millennium, the IS organization would be responsible only for
databases, networks, standards, support, and security. Business
functions would themselves create the IT systems they need,
following the policies and standards set by the IS departments. The
challenge is to learn these new skills.
[GRAPHIC OMITTED]
Charles
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Finding experienced technical people is a big challenge. Secondly,
the management of an enterprise expects to see a direct, short-term
correlation between money spent on IT and improvement in
profitability. As we all know, this is not always possible. Thus,
the education of management is a key challenge.
Paul
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The challenge of the future is to manage business risks arising out
of IT applications. Recent IT developments and activities do
decrease costs but also increase risks. The increasing risk of IT
will be managed, not through IT vendors, but through third party
verification and protection against risk - an independent
information audit. Organizations will spend huge amounts on
insurance policies for their information systems. This has already
begun. The expanding market for Y2K insurance policies is a good
example.
The next fifty years will focus on innovation and on the way we
integrate IT into our socio-economic structure. Independent
verification and insurance is the way society will deal with the
risks associated with this process.
David
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I will frame some of the previous comments in the context of IT
services. In the recent past, a lot of thought has gone into
leveraging external service providers to complement internal
weaknesses, such as manpower shortage. The US continues to lag
behind other economies in creating new supply. This is a big
challenge.
<PAGE>
Companies are not looking for technical partners anymore. They are,
in fact, looking for business partners. The customer is not really
the CIO; the customer is the end user who drives the need for new
applications. Therefore, a service provider needs to understand the
business issues to add value as a long-term partner. Making this
transition from technology expertise to business domain expertise is
a critical challenge for services companies.
Phaneesh
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We have discussed challenges arising out of the imperatives to manage rapid
changes in business and technology, competitive pressures, cycle time reduction,
response time improvement and cost reduction. Thus, we have to master
sophistication in technology and complexities of business. Given the trend of
user-friendliness of technology in all aspects of our life, future end-users are
likely to be much more IT literate than they are now. With this increasing
sophistication at the user end, do you see a diminishing role for IT in the
future?
[GRAPHIC OMITTED]
Charles
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In digital times, when a manufacturer understands customer service,
technology will enable him to sell directly to the customer instead
of coming through us. So, we are developing a different view of what
Nordstrom is. We are a relationship company now and will, through
the use of technology and the Internet, be more aggressive in future
instead of being defensive and reactive. We will maintain optimal
staffing levels in the process. We will move towards virtualization
of the corporation. In the digital era of the next millennium, IT
people will have an increasing role in creating this virtual
corporation that includes all the players in the supply chain.
Wolly
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I think the trend of end-user sophistication is here to stay. In my
opinion, the role of IS - as analytical people to help the users -
is going to diminish, and the users' role - as intelligent users of
technical capabilities - will increase.
Ivo
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The closer you move to the customers, the more complex and
challenging IT becomes. Therefore, the importance of IT will
continue to increase, though the importance of IT people may
decrease.
Bill
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The trend of the end user doing more IT work will continue. This
trend will permeate up the organization as we see a new generation
of management take over. We will see more sophisticated tools that
would become the basis for eliminating old applications. Our
challenge is to manage our one real asset - information. Managing
information would be a big responsibility in future. We will see
end-user sophistication manifest itself in the form of functional
people with quasi-systems responsibilities.
Shibu
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I don't see the role of IT going down. The role will move from
operational to strategic. Decentralization of applications would
continue. The IT function will become part of the corporate group
with responsibility for IT strategy, policies, standards and
security. Corporate IT will be the custodian of organization-wide
knowledge and will manage enterprise-wide IT infrastructure.
<PAGE>
Vijay
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As we move into a knowledge economy, the demand for information
processing goes up. As the end user becomes more sophisticated, the
demands on IT infrastructure and security standards increase. I see
the roles of end-users and IT people as complementary rather than
substitutable. Both these roles will increase significantly in the
context of an information economy.
Phaneesh
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The role of the CFO became strong in the 1930s after auditing requirements were
introduced. Given the likelihood of audits on information assets of a company in
addition to financial assets, do you think it would be necessary to put the CIO
into the boardroom?
Paul
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The SEC recently issued a regulation - 5A - mandating the disclosure
of the magnitude of financial exposure arising out of the Y2K
problem. The kind of questions being asked by SEC and the possible
legal action against non-compliance have phenomenal implications on
the issue of who is to decide SEC disclosure. The CFO is deeply
steeped in the industrial age paradigm. He is unlikely to be
equipped to account for the safety and risk of the large information
assets. The most likely scenario is the emergence of a second
fiduciary - the CIO - as being responsible for information assets.
[GRAPHIC OMITTED]
Phaneesh
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The regulation that Paul mentioned also requires disclosure on the status of
Y2K-related projects. Based on this trend, do you think the SEC will now start
asking for progress on other mission-critical projects as well?
Paul
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In all likelihood, SEC would require the implementation of the
Executive Order 65. This order deals with the security of national
information infrastructure, especially for banking, utilities,
communication and transportation. It requires every relevant
organization to confirm that its IT infrastructure is secure against
terrorist attacks and failures. IT is now the choice target for
terrorist attack. Thus, we will see increasing government regulation
in the IT area because you cannot let the economic well-being and
security of a civilization continue to rest on the flimsy foundation
of the current times.
Phaneesh
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Is such a pro-active move by the SEC, in demanding disclosure on the safety and
risk of IS projects, likely to bring significant changes in the oversight,
quality and completion time of IT projects?
Bill
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oversight responsibilities have always been strong in our
businesses. The forthcoming developments such as the SEC disclosure
only formalize activities that are already in place and are not a
big surprise. This may give the CIO a little bit more legitimacy in
the boardroom but would have only a minor impact on our business
processes.
<PAGE>
Wolly
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The disclosure requirement has not really changed our project plans.
I already report to the chairman of the board and have good
relationships with many of the members. Our projects are all
business-sponsored. IT only owns projects internal to the
department.
Paul
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I would like to comment on the question whether the SEC requirements
are business as usual. There is a specific question in the SEC
disclosure requirements regarding the source of independent
verification and validation. Now this is a very different
development - the beginning of IT really becoming a fiduciary
element rather than something that is just stated to be in good
shape by the CIO himself.
[GRAPHIC OMITTED]
Bill
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
We added mandatory external audits a year ago on our critical
applications for exactly that reason.
Charles
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I do believe that somebody has to be holding the CIOs accountable if
they are turning over at 40% a year. Further, I don't see the
management often allowing the CIO to present the information at the
desired level of detail.
Paul
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
It is precisely because of the high turnover among CIOs that the
question of the company paying the liability becomes critical. The
instability among CIOs will necessitate proxy monitoring of risk.
This would impose requirements on system vendors to produce test
results for their deliverables. I predict that the vendor will have
to give a regulated statement of test results with standard
indicators of reliability and maintainability.
Charles
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Why is the turnover of CIOs at such a high level? Better job offers.
Well, isn't that a management problem?
Paul
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The better job opportunities are a consequence, not the cause. The
cause is that management is confused as to what is a CIO. The
fundamental reason why CIOs fail is that it is not at all clear what
is expected of them.
Phaneesh
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
At present, there are very few technology-driven businesses in the Fortune 500
or the Global 500. Do you see this trend changing over the next five years?
<PAGE>
David
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In my opinion, yes. Businesses want to reach as many different
people as possible, and as quickly as possible. The Internet and
other technology-related developments facilitate this and would play
a significant role in shaping the future of business.
Paul
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The average ratio of IT cost to payroll cost in the Fortune
industrials is now 11%. The average IT ratio in the banking and
financial sectors is 18%. In the next 10 years, that number is going
to increase by about 5 points in each sector. So, you can expect, in
the banking and financial sector, the IT budget to be about 25% of
the payroll cost and in the industrial sector about 16%.
Charles
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A lot of high-growth IT companies - Amazon and a few others - that
have not made any money yet are now worth more than some of the
companies that have been around a hundred years. Yes, the presence
of technology businesses in the Fortune 500 is likely to grow
dramatically.
[GRAPHIC OMITTED]
Paul
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The answer is yes. Companies that are highly information intensive,
especially if they can deliver information over the Internet, have a
good chance of getting into the Fortune 500.
Vijay
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yes, I agree with that. You have got to believe that high-growth IT
companies will occupy a bigger and bigger share of the Fortune 500.
Shibu
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Increasing customer expectations are going to necessitate a shift in
focus from the product to the customer. This will definitely need
extended use of technology.
Ivo
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the telecom business, my opinion is that technology will drive
business more and more. Voice recognition and wireless data will
have increased value-add for businesses.
<PAGE>
Wolly
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Look at the evolution of computing in the West. In the beginning, a
few companies automated their businesses successfully and they were
recognized as being experts in using computing at that time. In the
next phase, process reengineering really took off. Now, we have more
companies figuring out how to do that well and they too have become
successful. We will see these successes increase dramatically
because we are going through a transformation of the customer
relationship - IT is between the customer and the company. These
developments are going to fundamentally change the dependence of
businesses on technology.
[GRAPHIC OMITTED]
Phaneesh
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Well, this discussion on the challenges for the CIOs as IT moves to the next
millennium has been very informative. On behalf of Infosys, I would like to
thank every one of the panelists for his seminal contribution to this dialogue.
<PAGE>
Board of Directors
- ----------------------------------------
N. R. Narayana Murthy
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Nandan M. Nilekani
Managing Director, President
and Chief Operating Officer
Susim M. Datta
Director
Deepak M. Satwalekar
Director
Ramesh Vangal
Director
Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam
Director
Raghavan N. S.
Joint Managing Director
Gopalakrishnan S.
Deputy Managing Director
Dinesh K.
Director
Shibulal S. D.
Director
Audit committee
Deepak M. Satwalekar, Chairman
Susim M. Datta
Ramesh Vangal
Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam
Compensation committee
Susim M. Datta, Chairman
Deepak M. Satwalekar
Ramesh Vangal
Nominations committee
Susim M. Datta, Chairman
Deepak M. Satwalekar
Ramesh Vangal
Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam
Management Council
- ----------------------------------------
Nandan M. Nilekani
Managing Director, President,
and Chief Operating Officer,
Chairman - Management Council
Mohandas Pai T. V.
Senior Vice President and
Head - Finance & Administration,
Secretary - Management Council
Ajay Dubey
Vice President - Strategic Business Unit-2
Ashwani K. Khurana
Senior Vice President and
Head - Sales and Support, Banking Business Unit
Balasubramanian P. Dr.
Senior Vice President and
Head - Strategic Business Unit-2
Dinesh K.
Director and Head - Quality & Productivity and MIS
Girish G. Vaidya
Senior Vice President and Head, Banking Business Unit (SBU-6)
Gopalakrishnan S.
Deputy Managing Director and
Head - Customer Delivery and Technology
Hema Ravichandar
Senior Vice President and
Head - Human Resource Development
Jan DeSmet
Vice President - Consulting Services and
Head - Strategic Business Unit-4
Phaneesh Murthy
Senior Vice President and Head - Worldwide Sales
Prabhu M. S. S. Dr.
Senior Vice President and Head - Strategic Business Unit-7
Raghavan N. S.
Joint Managing Director and Head - Human Resources Development,
and Education & Research
Raghavan S.
Associate Vice President and Head - Quality & Productivity
Raghupathi G. Bhandi
Vice President - Strategic Business Unit-9
Rajiv Kuchhal
Associate Vice President and Head - Strategic Business Unit-8
Shibulal S. D.
Director and Head - Strategic Business Units 1 and 5
Srinath Batni
Senior Vice President and Head - Strategic Business Unit-3
Vasudeva Rao L.
Vice President - Strategic Business Unit-1
Yegneshwar S. Dr.
Associate Vice President and Head - Education & Research
<PAGE>
Directors' report
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
To the Members,
Your directors are pleased to present their report on the business and
operations of your company for the year ended March 31, 1999.
Financial results Rs. in crore *
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year ended March 31 1999 1998
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total revenue 512.74 260.37
Operating profit (PBIDT) 191.75 88.61
Interest - -
Depreciation 35.89 22.75
Profit before tax from ordinary activities 155.86 65.86
Provision for tax 22.94 5.50
Profit after tax from ordinary activities 132.92 60.36
Extraordinary income 2.34 -
Net profit 135.26 60.36
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appropriation
Interim dividend paid 4.00 1.76
Dividend recommended - final 8.11 5.27
Total dividend 12.11 7.03
Dividend tax 1.21 0.70
Transferred to capital reserve 2.34 -
Transferred to general reserve 119.60 52.63
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Rs. One crore equals to Rs. 10 million.
Results of operations
Your company continued its rapid growth during this year as well. Total revenue
has grown to Rs. 512.74 crore during the current year from Rs. 260.37 crore, a
growth rate of 96.93%. The operating profit has grown to Rs. 191.75 crore
(37.40% of total revenue) from Rs. 88.61 crore (34.03% of total revenue), a
growth rate of 116.39%. The operating profit margins have increased due to
enhanced revenue productivity, lower growth in administrative expenses and a
broadening of the business mix. Profit after tax, from ordinary activities, has
increased to Rs. 132.92 crore (25.92% of total revenue) from Rs. 60.36 crore
(23.18% of total revenue), an increase of 120.19%. An extraordinary income of
Rs. 2.34 crore (net of tax of Rs. 0.29 crore) was realized from the sale of part
of your company's holding in preferred stock in its subsidiary Yantra
Corporation.
Your company has instituted a contingency plan to meet any possible disruption
in its business due to the Y2K impact on the technology and communication
infrastructure provided to the company by its service providers. A provision of
Rs. 6.66 crore has been made towards such a contingency. The losses incurred by
Yantra Corporation, exceed your company's contribution to its capital. As a
result, a provision of Rs. 7.06 crore has been made, as a matter of prudence.
The provision for income tax has increased, as a percentage of total revenue, to
4.47% due to increase in income taxes payable outside India.
During the current year, your company revised the estimate of useful lives of
buildings (software center and others) from 28 years and 58 years to 15 years,
resulting in an additional charge for depreciation of Rs. 0.42 crore. A capital
expenditure of Rs. 71.68 crore was incurred, compared to Rs. 34.41 crore in the
previous year.
Dividend
An interim dividend of Rs. 2.50 per share (25% on par value of Rs. 10), was paid
in November 1998. Your directors, now, recommend a final dividend of Rs. 5.00
per share (50% on par value of Rs. 10), pro rata, making in all, a total
dividend of Rs. 7.50 per share (75% on par value of Rs. 10), pro rata, for the
current year. The total
<PAGE>
amount of dividend is Rs. 12.11 crore as against Rs. 7.03 crore for the previous
year. Dividend (including dividend tax), as a percentage of net profit after tax
from ordinary activities, is 10.02% as compared to 12.81% in the previous year.
The dividend is payable, pro rata, on the bonus shares and the ADS listed on the
NASDAQ. Under the Indian Income Tax Act 1961, the receipt of dividend is
tax-free in the hands of the shareholders. The tax on distributed profits,
payable by the company, increased to Rs. 1.21 crore from Rs. 0.70 crore.
ADS (American Depositary Shares) issue
In the previous year, your directors had announced their intention to seek a
listing on a stock exchange in the United States. Government approvals were
received for this issue as well as for the issue of ADS-linked stock options
during the year. Infosys became the first Indian-registered company to be listed
on a stock exchange in the United States when it listed its American Depositary
Shares (ADS) on the NASDAQ on March 11, 1999. The issue was priced at US$ 34 per
ADS in the ratio of 2 ADS per equity share corresponding to a price of Rs. 2,890
per equity share, a discount of 9.72% to the closing price on the NSE on March
11, 1999. An amount of US$ 70.38 million (Rs. 296.86 crore) was realized through
the issue of 2.07 million ADSs. The ADSs have quoted above the issue price since
the listing day.
Increase in share capital
During the year, upon your approval, a bonus issue of 1:1 was made by
capitalizing a sum of Rs. 16,01,72,000 from the general reserve. The paid-up
capital also increased by Rs. 1,03,50,000 consequent to the listing of the ADSs
on the NASDAQ. In all, the issued, subscribed and paid-up capital increased by
Rs. 17,05,22,000 with the issue of 1,70,52,200 equity shares of Rs. 10 each. To
provide for the issue of these additional shares, the authorized capital of your
company was increased to Rs. 50,00,00,000 consisting of 5,00,00,000 shares of
Rs. 10 each.
Business
The software export market continued to be buoyant during the year. Exports from
India grew rapidly. Opinion is divided on whether the export market for Indian
firms will continue to grow at the current high rates after the ebbing of the
Year 2000 conversion opportunity. Your company has a clear de-risking model for
its business through a breadth of service offerings and has used Year 2000
conversion services business as an entry opportunity to new marques clients.
Therefore, it is not likely to witness a significant slowdown in business due to
the ebbing of the Year 2000 conversion opportunity. Your company's software
export revenue grew by 99.35% to Rs. 500.25 crore from Rs. 250.94 crore. 39 new
clients were added during the year. Your company invested Yen 24 million (Rs.
0.75 crore) during the current year in JASDIC Park Company furthering the
relationship with JASDIC. New markets in Europe were also opened up. Your
company continues to focus on offshore software development, maintenance and
products. During the year, there were 137 new installations of Bancs2000 across
nine banks. The share of the fixed-price component of the business is 36%, same
as in the previous year. Revenue productivity also grew during the year in tune
with your company's strategy.
Branding of services
Our strategy for branding services (such as creating tools, techniques, and
methodologies, and training people to execute such projects as well as
proactively marketing them) has been successful. In2000(R) is the service
created as a solution for the millennium problem. InEuro is the service created
for conversion to Euro currency. IntERPryz is the ERP package implementation
service. InRevive is the service for reengineering of existing systems. All
these services have performed satisfactorily during the year. We see continued
opportunity for all the services except In2000(R). The contribution of the
In2000(R) practice declined approximately to 20% of the total revenue as
compared to 23% in the previous year. However, clients with whom we built a
relationship using In2000(R) as an entry strategy have given us business in
mainstream areas of development, reengineering and maintenance. It is our
intention to further reduce the contribution from the In2000(R) practice to the
total revenue, as we move forward into the next year. The rapid growth of the
Internet has opened a new market segment. In
<PAGE>
the previous year, your company had initiated an Internet and E-Commerce
solutions practice. During this year, the revenue from this practice grew to Rs.
18.97 crore making up 3.7% of the total revenue.
Domestic market
The economic slowdown witnessed last year continued during this year also. Yet,
sales opportunities for Bancs2000 in India improved during the year. The revenue
from Bancs2000 during 1998-99 increased by 24.18% over the previous year. Your
directors hope that this trend will accelerate in the future. Your company
hosted BancIT 1998 as a platform to bring banking and technology professionals
together to discuss issues of leveraging technology advances for business
growth. Your company proposes to make BancIT an annual event. There were 370
installations (across 18 banks) of Bancs2000 in India, as on March 31, 1999.
Overseas branches
Marketing efforts were enhanced by the opening of a new sales office in Seattle
in the US and moving the Maastricht office to Frankfurt, Germany. During the
coming year, additional sales offices are expected to be opened in North America
and Europe. Expansion of the overseas marketing network will enable the opening
of new markets and broadening of the client base. As at the year-end, your
company has thirteen marketing offices overseas (nine in the US, one each in
Canada, Germany, the UK, and Japan).
Yantra Corporation
The sales effort at Yantra has been further intensified. Such accelerated effort
requires funds as well as close links with prospective-client and
prospective-employee networks. To meet additional cash requirements, Yantra
issued 4.8 million shares of preferred stock at US$ 1.25 per stock to raise
US$ 6 million. Several investors expressed a desire that Infosys bring its
economic interest in Yantra to below 50% for independent operations. Hence, your
company sold 1,363,637 shares from its preferred stock holding in Yantra
corporation at US$ 1.10 per share (cost price for Infosys was US$ 0.75 per share
in October 1997). The profit on sale arising due to exchange differences and
also higher price realization has been disclosed as extraordinary income due to
its non-recurring nature. As Yantra continues to be a subsidiary under the
Companies Act, 1956, your company has provided fully towards its investment in
Yantra as the losses in Yantra have exceeded your company's investment. The
revenue of Yantra has grown significantly in the year under report and your
directors are informed that Yantra is on the growth path.
JASDIC
JASDIC Park Company is an Indo-Japanese consortium founded by Mr. Kenichi Ohmae,
the well-known management strategist and author, along with a few Japanese
companies and three Indian companies including your company. The aim of JASDIC
Park is to provide high-quality software services from India to the Japanese
market. This is in line with your company's strategy to diversify its geographic
client base. During the year, your company invested Yen 24 million (Rs. 0.75
crore) in the equity of JASDIC Park. Such an investment has increased the client
base in Japan and shows promise of further growth.
New development centers and infrastructure
The progress on the new software development center - Infosys Park - at
Electronics City, Bangalore, adjoining the existing facility, has been
satisfactory. Four blocks, with a built-up area of 1,67,600 square feet and a
seating capacity for up to 1,215 employees, have become operational during the
year, along with a power generation block. The fifth software development block,
a food court and additional recreational facilities will become operational
during the first quarter of 1999-2000. This state-of-the-art facility, including
the corporate block and a library, is expected to be completed by December 1999.
Your company inaugurated its second software center at Chennai in November 1998.
This facility is spread over 23,000 square feet and has the capacity to seat up
to 240 employees. Your company has also acquired 20 acres of land at Pune
Infotech Park, Hinjawadi, Pune, and has begun the construction of a new software
development
<PAGE>
campus. The first phase of the project includes four software blocks, a computer
center, a food court and recreational facilities with a built-up area of over
1,83,000 square feet. Eventually, this campus is expected to accommodate over
2,000 employees. Over the next two-to-three years, your company expects to add
8,90,000 square feet (including the above development centers) of space to house
over 6,000 software professionals.
Quality
The pursuit of quality at Infosys is relentless. The metrics database has
expanded considerably during the year. The Quality Systems Documentation (QSD)
was enhanced to include processes for the development and maintenance of
software for engineering applications. The Bhubaneswar development center and
the engineering services group received ISO 9001/TickIT certification in
November 1998. The banking unit received certification to Level 4 of the
Capability Maturity Model of the Software Engineering Institute, USA.
The new information infrastructure
During the third quarter, your company went live on R/3 - SAP's end-to-end
integrated business solution for erecting an enterprise-wide information
infrastructure. The implementation was completed in just over 5 months -- one of
the fastest implementations in the world. Infosys managed the entire project
primarily using internal resources and expertise.
Additional information to shareholders
In earlier years, your company had provided additional information in the form
of an Intangible assets scoresheet, Human Resources Accounting, Value-Added
analysis, Brand Accounting, Economic-Value-Added analysis and financial
statements according to the GAAP of six countries in addition to the US and
India. Such information is provided in the current year also.
Corporate governance
With increasing globalization, there has been a renewed thrust on corporate
governance in India. Your company has been a pioneer in benchmarking its
corporate governance policies with the best in the world. Your company's efforts
in this direction have been widely recognized by the investors in India and
abroad. As in earlier years, a compliance report on the Code of Best practices
in Corporate Governance adopted by the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)
and on the recommendations of the Cadbury Committee has been included in this
report. In addition, your directors have stated your company's internal policies
on corporate governance. The increasing diversity of the investing community and
the integration of global capital markets make corporate governance a key issue
in the investment decisions of our investors.
Capital market developments
During the year, Infosys became a part of the 30-share Sensitive Index (Sensex)
of the Stock Exchange, Mumbai. Your company has, for the last three years, been
a part of the BSE Dollex of the Stock Exchange, Mumbai, and S&P CNX NIFTY Index
of the National Stock Exchange. The Securities and Exchange Board of India
(SEBI) mandated the trading of Infosys shares only in the dematerialized form
with effect from January 4, 1999. Over 77% of the company's shares are presently
held in electronic form. As stated earlier, 2.07 million American Depositary
Shares (ADSs) representing 1.035 million equity shares are listed on the NASDAQ
in the United States. The market capitalization of your company increased to Rs.
9,672.80 crore as on March 31, 1999 as compared to Rs. 2,963.42 crore as on
March 31, 1998, based on the quotations on the Indian stock exchanges. The
equity shares listed on the NASDAQ continue to quote at a premium to the Indian
price.
Employees Stock Offer Plan (ESOP)
The Employees Stock Offer Plan, initiated in 1994, has been successful in
enhancing employee commitment and reducing attrition. As on March 31, 1999,
1,747 employees have become beneficiaries under this ESOP. During the year
5,71,100 letters of right were granted to 1,713 employees. With these grants,
only 54,800 shares were left to be granted. Your company also obtained the
approval of the Government of India to institute an ADS-linked,
dollar-denominated stock option plan. Consequent to the listing of the ADS on
the NASDAQ, 2,13,000 options corresponding to 1,06,500 equity shares were
granted to 36 employees, both in India and abroad, at the
<PAGE>
ADS issue price of US$ 34 per ADS. The details of the options granted under the
1998 ADS-linked ESOP are given below:
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Description Details
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Total number of shares Equity shares corresponding to a
total grant value of US$ 50 million
2. The pricing formula Not less than 90% of the fair
market value as on date of grant
3. Ratio of ADS to equity shares One share represents two ADS
4. Price per option granted US$ 34 (100% of fair market value)
5. Options granted during the year 2,13,000 options for 1,06,500 equity
shares
6. Options exercised during the year NIL
7. Total number of options in force 2,13,000
8. Grant to senior management
Jan DeSmet 40,000 Raghupathi G. Bhandi 3,000
Phaneesh Murthy 40,000 Rajiv Kuchhal 3,000
Balasubramanian P. 3,000 Srinath Batni 3,000
Hema Ravichandar 3,000 Vasudeva Rao L. 3,000
Mohandas Pai T. V. 3,000 Yegneshwar S. 3,000
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Prabhu M. S. S. 3,000 Total 1,07,000
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. Employees holding 5% or more of the
total number of options granted
during the year. 2
In March 1999, SEBI announced a new regulatory framework for ESOPs. Your
directors have decided to place before the members, for their approval, the
creation of a new ESOP for the grant of options for up to 33,00,000 new equity
shares, to be issued, during the next few years at fair market value. Your
directors consider the ESOP to be a key instrument in implementing the business
strategy of your company.
Liquidity
A liquid balance sheet is a key element of the financial strategy of your
company. Enhanced liquidity reduces financial risk and allows a rapid shift in
direction should the market so demand. During the current year, internal cash
accruals have more than adequately covered working capital requirements, capital
expenditure and dividend payments, and have resulted in a surplus of Rs. 85.99
crore. As on March 31, 1999, excluding the funds collected under the ADS issue,
your company had liquid assets of Rs. 137.13 crore as against Rs. 51.14 crore as
at the previous year end. Including the funds collected under the ADS issue,
your company had liquid assets of Rs. 416.66 crore. These funds have been
invested both in rupee and dollar deposits with banks and financial
institutions.
A high level of liquidity reduces return on shareholders funds. However, a
balance between high returns on funds deployed in the business and the ready
availability of cash for strategic decisions on growth will have to be
maintained. The creation of physical and technological infrastructure will take
away a significant part of the liquid assets over the next three years.
Year 2000 risks and issues
Many existing computer systems, software applications and other control devices
use only two digits to identify a year in the date field without considering the
impact of the approaching new millennium. A few software applications do not
correctly process 'leap year' dates. As a result, when corporations move to the
next millennium, such systems and applications may fail or produce erroneous
results. These applications have to be suitably remedied to correctly process
dates in the next millennium. SEBI has directed companies to provide a report on
the Year 2000 issues that affect the company's operations and the action taken
to address the Year 2000 risks. Following is the report of your directors on the
Year 2000 risks and issues.
<PAGE>
Client IT services and products: Your company offers software services and sells
a banking automation product - Bancs2000. Your company has evaluated each of its
IT services and software products and believes that each is substantially Year
2000 compliant. In making such evaluations, the company has utilized its
experience in providing Year 2000 compliance services to its clients. The
company has a project team that will complete Year 2000 compliance before the
end of 1999.
Internal infrastructure: The Year 2000 problem may affect office automation,
information and transaction processing systems, computers and other information
devices used by the company to operate and monitor all major aspects of its
business including quality, client service, sales and marketing, finance, human
resources development, infrastructure, materials requirement planning, master
project scheduling, data communications and telecommunications facilities. This
year, your company switched over to R/3, SAP's enterprise-wide integrated
information system. This system has been certified by the suppliers as being
Year 2000 compliant. Your company has identified and initiated action to remedy
other major systems, software applications and related equipment used for its
internal operations.
Third party suppliers: Your company relies directly and indirectly on computer
software systems utilized by its suppliers of telecommunications, power, water,
electronic hardware and software products. The global delivery model adopted by
your company requires voice and data communication facilities between its main
offices in Bangalore, the offices of its clients and its other software
development facilities. Although your company maintains redundant software
facilities and satellite communication links, any sustained disruption of your
company's ability to transmit voice and data through satellite and telephone
communications would have a material adverse effect on the company's business,
results of operations and financial condition. To assess the supplier-readiness
for handling the Year 2000 issue, the company has sent two separate
questionnaires to a majority of its third party suppliers and has completed the
assessment process.
Operations: Your company is currently developing contingency plans to address
the Year 2000 issues that may pose a risk to its operations and expects such
plans to be completed in the first quarter of 1999-2000. Such plans may include
accelerated replacement of any remaining affected systems or software, temporary
use of redundant or back-up systems or the implementation of manual procedures.
Your company believes that the likely worst case scenario, should Infosys
vendors not achieve Year 2000 compliance, is the intermittent or temporary
disruption in telecommunications which could cause inefficiencies and delays in
providing support services to clients. To minimize the impact of any potential
telecommunications disruptions, your company is evaluating temporary measures
such as placing additional IT professionals at client sites. In assessing the
worst case scenario, your company has taken into account the nature of its
operations as well as the availability of its IT professionals to attend to any
internal problems that may arise. Your company has made a provision of Rs. 6.66
crore towards this contingency plan and propose to provide a total of Rs. 20
crore till March 31, 2000, subject to periodic evaluation.
Organizational changes
Mr. Nandan M. Nilekani was appointed by the board as the managing director,
president, and chief operating officer. He looks after all day-to-day operations
and reports to Mr. N. R. Narayana Murthy who continues as the chairman and chief
executive officer.
Ms. Hema R. Ravichandar rejoined your company as Senior Vice President and Head,
(HRD). Mr. Girish Vaidya joined Infosys as Senior VP and Head, Banking Business
Unit. A new strategic business unit - SBU 9 - was added during the year to focus
on ERP services with Mr. Raghupathi G. Bhandi as its head. Another strategic
business unit - SBU 4 - was also created this year to provide consulting
services based in the US. Mr. Jan DeSmet was appointed Vice President,
Consulting Services to head this SBU. These organizational changes reflect the
continued efforts made by your directors to meet the challenges ahead.
Research and educational initiatives
Your company has instituted the Infosys Fellowship Program at five Indian
Institutes of Technology, the Indian Institute of Science, the National Center
for Software Technology, Pune University, three Indian Institutes of Management,
the National Law School of India University and the Institute of Chartered
Accountants of India
<PAGE>
for Ph.D. programs in computer science, management, law and accounting. This is
part of your company's initiative to foster excellence in education. Twenty-six
fellowships have been instituted (at two fellowships per institution) at a total
cost of Rs. 2.34 crore during the year.
Infosys Foundation
To further your company's commitment to the social causes of our milieu, Infosys
Foundation was promoted last year by your company as a not-for-profit trust. The
focus of this foundation is to help organizations devoted to the cause of
destitutes, disadvantaged people, spastics, rural poor, senior citizens, and
illiterates. A sum of Rs. 136.00 lakhs was paid to the Foundation during
1998-99, and a sum of Rs. 146.20 lakhs was utilized by the Foundation towards
various social causes. A summary of the work of the Foundation appears elsewhere
in this report. On your behalf, your directors thank the honorary trustees for
sparing their valuable time and energy for the activities of the Foundation.
Community services
Your company continued the three social programs initiated last year -- Catch
them Young, Train the Trainer and Rural Reach. We are glad to report
satisfactory progress. The 'Rural Reach' program taught village children to use
computers, the 'Catch them Young' program selected promising students for
intensive computer training, and the 'Train the Trainer' program familiarized
college lecturers with advances in the IT industry. This year, your company,
along with Microsoft, launched a new program - Computers@Classrooms. As part of
this initiative, your company committed a donation of 433 computers from its
purchases in earlier years to 154 institutions in various states of India. In
addition, Infosys development centers outside Karnataka will each give 50 PCs to
educational institutions in their respective areas.
Awards
Your directors are happy to report on some of the awards that your company
received during the year.
a. Infosys won the maiden 'Company of the Year' award instituted as part of The
Economic Times Awards for Corporate Excellence 1998. The contribution made
by Infosys towards corporate excellence in enhancing stakeholder values and
in pushing the frontiers of technology was recognized by a readers' poll and
a CEO's poll conducted by the Times of India group, the publishers of The
Economic Times.
b. For the third year in succession, your company received the Silver Shield
from the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India for the Best Presented
Accounts, amongst the entries received from non-financial, private sector
companies, for the year 1996-97.
c. The AsiaMoney magazine poll of financial analysts voted Infosys the best in
management among the listed companies in India for the third time and the
fifth best in Asia.
d. The South Asian Federation of Accountants (SAFA) presented Infosys with the
Award for Excellence for the Best Corporate Report in the non-financial
sector for the year 1996-97.
e. National Export Award by the Ministry of Commerce, Government of India, for
outstanding performance in 1996-97 and 1997-98.
f. All India ESC Award for Excellence in Export (Electronics and Computer
Software Export Promotion Council, sponsored by Ministry of Commerce) for
the year 1996-97.
Fixed deposits
Your company has not accepted any deposits and, as such, no amount of principal
or interest was outstanding on the date of the Balance Sheet.
Directors
According to the terms of Article 122 of the Articles of Association, Mr. N. S.
Raghavan, Mr. S. Gopalakrishnan, and Mr. S. D. Shibulal retire by rotation in
the forthcoming Annual General Meeting, and being eligible, offer themselves for
re-appointment.
<PAGE>
Auditors
The auditors, Bharat S Raut & Co. Chartered Accountants, retire at the
forthcoming Annual General Meeting and have confirmed their eligibility and
willingness to accept the office, if re-appointed.
Conservation of energy, research and development, technology absorption, foreign
exchange earnings and outgo
The particulars as prescribed under subsection (1)(e) of section 217 of the
Companies Act, 1956, read with the Companies (Disclosure of particulars in the
report of board of directors) Rules, 1988, are set out in the annexure included
in this report.
Particulars of employees
As required under the provisions of section 217(2A) of the Companies Act, 1956,
read with the Companies (Particulars of employees) Rules, 1975, as amended, the
names and other particulars of employees are set out in the annexure included in
this report.
Acknowledgments
Your directors thank the clients, vendors, investors and bankers for their
continued support of your company's growth. Your directors place on record their
appreciation of the contribution made by the employees at all levels, who,
through their competence, hard work, solidarity, co-operation and support, have
enabled the company to achieve rapid growth.
Your directors thank the Government of India, particularly the Department of
Electronics, the Customs and Excise departments, Software Technology Parks -
Bangalore, Chennai, Pune, Bhubaneswar and New Delhi, the Ministry of Commerce,
RBI, VSNL, the Department of Telecommunications, the state governments, and
other governmental agencies for their support during the year, and look forward
to their continued support.
For and on behalf of the board of directors
Sd Sd
Bangalore Nandan M. Nilekani N. R. Narayana Murthy
April 9, 1999 Managing Director, President Chairman
and Chief Operating Officer and Chief Executive Officer
<PAGE>
Annexure to the directors' report
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a) Particulars pursuant to Companies (Disclosure of particulars in the report
of board of directors) Rules, 1988
1. Conservation of energy
The operations of your company are not energy-intensive. Adequate measures
have, however, been taken to reduce energy consumption by using
energy-efficient computer terminals and by the purchase of
energy-efficient equipment incorporating the latest technology. Your
company has replaced the existing incandescent lamps with CFL fittings and
has shifted to the use of electronic ballast to reduce the power
consumption of fluorescent tubes. Your company constantly evaluates new
technologies and invests in them to make its infrastructure more
energy-efficient. Energy-efficient transformers and UPS systems have been
purchased. Energy-saving air conditioners are being purchased and
air-conditioned areas have been treated with heat-resistant material to
reduce heat absorption. These measures have enhanced energy efficiency. As
energy cost forms a very small part of the total cost, the impact on cost
is not material.
2. Research and Development (R & D)
Your company continues to make investments in research and development
activities that are crucial to the company's continued success. Your
company is recognized as a leader in innovation in all aspects of business
- both technical and non-technical. Your company will continue to innovate
through research and development in order to maintain its leadership
position.
a. R & D initiative at institutes of national importance
This initiative has been described in the Directors' report.
b. Specific areas for R & D at Infosys
Since businesses and technologies are changing constantly, continuous
investments in research and development need to be made. Your company has
taken the approach that its research must be beneficial to the company and
to its clients either in the short term or in the medium term. As in
earlier years the your company continues to do research in the areas of
software engineering, offshore project management, the global delivery
model, emerging technologies, new tools and techniques and product lines.
Your company has also initiated research in the area of education and
training delivery. Continuous education is required to keep up with
changes around. The traditional form of classroom training is synchronous,
and requires the trainer and trainee to be physically present in the same
location at the same time. Effectiveness of non-traditional and
asynchronous modes of training is an area of research at your company.
Your company has, as a result of research, been able to develop processes
and methodologies for engineering services. This was instrumental in your
company getting quality certification for the engineering services group.
A consulting methodology has been developed. Research has been initiated
in the areas of software architecture and performance engineering. This is
to help projects deliver high performance/high transaction volume software
solutions to clients. Research has also been started in object and
component technologies to create modules for repeatability of projects.
Your company continues to undertake research in the following areas:
o General software engineering - This includes development and
refinement of methodologies, tools and techniques,
implementation of metrics, improvements in the estimation
process, and adoption of new technologies. These will improve
quality and productivity on an ongoing basis.
o Branded services - Branding involves creating tools and
reusable components for enhancing the quality and productivity
of each service, preparing training material for quick
enabling of programmers and analysts, and producing marketing
and sales collateral for efficiency in selling.
<PAGE>
o New technologies - Technology is changing constantly and
businesses need to leverage the latest technologies for
creating competitive advantages. Your company will continue to
research these technologies, absorb them for internal use, and
create services, which can then help clients be successful.
o Products - Your company will continue to improve its existing
products and enhance the power of these products.
o Management techniques - Your company has pioneered the use of
several leading-edge management principles in the software
industry in India, and will continue to innovate in these
areas.
c. Benefits derived as a result of the above R & D
Your company has seen continued improvements in revenue productivity due
to the above effort. Your company has so far been able to maintain its
margins despite increasing manpower costs. Services like In2000(R) (to
address the Year 2000 problem), migration to new technologies,
Eurocurrency conversion, and ERP package implementation services are some
of the business benefits of the R & D effort.
The Internet services group has started offering network security audit
and implementation services. This addresses one of the biggest concerns of
information technology executives - how to provide a secure technology
infrastructure when there is a need to integrate the internal systems with
external systems. BankAway has been successfully installed at a bank in
India.
d. Future plan of action
There will be continued focus and investment in the above categories of R
& D. Future benefits are expected to flow in from the initiatives
undertaken this year.
e. Expenditure on R & D for the year ended March 31 Rs. in crore
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Revenue expenditure 9.51 4.63
Capital expenditure 0.30 0.71
Total R & D expenditure 9.81 5.34
R & D expenditure as a percentage of total revenue 1.91% 2.05%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Technology absorption, adaptation and innovation
As technologies change rapidly, your company continues to invest in new
technologies in order to leverage them for improving productivity and
quality. It is essential to have a technology infrastructure that is on
par with the best in the world. Your company has upgraded its NT and UNIX
servers, and added several IBM AS/400 systems. The current standard for
the desktop environment is Pentium II 350 MHz with 64MB of RAM, 4 GB of
storage capacity, 32x CD ROM, 15 inch color monitor and Windows98. Senior
managerial and project staff use notebook computers during client
interactions.
Your company continues to invest in additional telecommunications links to
connect to clients as well as to its various development centers in India.
ISDN lines have been added as a backup facility at all the development
centers and this technology would be used in future to harness video
conferencing facility at all development centers outside Bangalore. With
the implementation of Unicenter/TNG at all centers, your company is able
to manage its network better. At its campuses, gigabit ethernets have been
installed to connect buildings with 100Mbps between servers, and 10Mbps
from the servers to the desktop using level 3 switched technology. Such
high bandwidth is required on the campus network since the network traffic
in future will contain video, audio, still images and data. Collaborative
software development requires good communication capabilities - desktop
video, real video / audio broadcasting and chat.
<PAGE>
Your company has invested in CASE tools like Rational Rose; testing tools
like Purify, Quantify, SQA and Teamtest; integrated development and
re-engineering tools like Cobol Analyst, and Revolve to improve the
quality and productivity of projects.
Your company is setting up concept centers in order to showcase technology
in action. It has already set up the Banking Concept Center where a
visitor can understand how technologies like ATM, Internet Kiosk, and
Internet Banking work together with existing technologies.
4. Foreign exchange earnings and outgo
a. Activities relating to exports, initiatives taken to increase
exports, development of new export markets for products and
services, and export plans
Your company has always had a predominant export focus. In 1998-99, 97.57%
of the revenues came from exports. Your company has, over the years, built
up a substantial direct marketing network all over the world. The
marketing offices are situated in North America, Europe and Asia, and are
staffed with sales and marketing people who directly sell your company's
services to large, international clients. The export thrust of your
company will continue in the future. During the year, your company opened
an office in Seattle, US, and moved its European office from Maastricht to
Frankfurt, Germany. The Banking Business Unit has expanded its client base
to Africa, Sri Lanka, Seychelles and Mauritius.
Your company has launched a plan to increase the awareness of the Infosys
brand, and of its products and services, globally. Several press and
public relations exercises have been launched in the US to enhance your
company's visibility. Your company plans to take part in several
international exhibitions to promote its products and services.
The long-term goal of your company is to be a highly respected name in the
global market for its services and products, and to continue to realize a
significant portion of its revenue from exports.
b. Foreign exchange used and earned for the year ended
March 31 Rs. in crore
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Foreign exchange earnings 477.44 226.12
Foreign exchange outgo 192.56 98.65
(including capital goods and imported software packages)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
For and on behalf of the board of directors
Sd Sd
Bangalore Nandan M. Nilekani N. R. Narayana Murthy
April 9, 1999 Managing Director, President Chairman
and Chief Operating Officer and Chief Executive Officer
<PAGE>
Annexure to the directors' report
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Information as per Section 217(2A) of the Companies Act, 1956, read with the
Companies (Particulars of employees) Rules, 1975, and forming part of the
Directors' Report for the year ended March 31, 1999
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sl. Name Designation Qualification Age Date of joining
No. (Years)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1. Ajay Dubey Vice President B.Tech. (IITK) 41 07.06.1993
2. Ashwani Kumar Khurana Senior Vice President B.Tech. (IITD) 48 01.02.1994
3. Balakrishnan V. Senior Manager (Finance) B.Sc., ACA, ACS, AICWA 34 02.09.1991
4. Balasubramanian P. Dr. Senior Vice President M.Tech. (IITM), Ph.D (Purdue) 49 01.10.1995
5. Bhandi R. G. Vice President B.E., M.Tech. (IITK) 38 07.07.1988
6. Bhashyam M. R. Senior Manager (Quality) M.E. 48 07.07.1995
7. Bibhu R. Pattanayak Senior Project Manager M.Tech. (IITM) 41 11.08.1997
*8. Bikramjit Maitra Senior Project Manager B.Sc., B.Tech. 44 22.02.1999
9. Binod H. R. Senior Manager (Commercial) B.E. 36 02.08.1993
*10. C. S. Srinivas Associate Vice President B.E. 42 15.10.1998
*11. Chandra Shekar Kakal Senior Consultant B.E., MBA 38 01.03.1999
12. Col. Krishna C. V. Advisor (Infrastructure) B.E., MBA 52 01.04.1998
13. Dheeshjith V. G. Senior Project Manager B.Sc., M.E. (IISc) 34 14.09.1987
14. Dinesh K. Director M.Sc. 43 01.09.1981
*15. Girish G. Vaidya Senior Vice President (BBU) B.E., PGD (IIMC) 48 22.01.1999
16. Gopalakrishnan S. Deputy Managing Director M.Tech. (IITM) 43 18.10.1994
*17. Hema Ravichandar Senior Vice President (HRD) BA, PGD (IIMA) 37 30.12.1998
18. Krishnamoorthy A. S. Associate Vice President B.Tech. (IITM), M.Sc. 37 10.01.1986
19. Krishnamurthy T. S. Senior Project Manager B.E.(Hon.) 36 26.10.1987
20. Mallya P. D. Associate Vice President M.Tech. (IITM) 44 15.12.1986
21. Merwin Fernandes Senior Manager B.Com. 39 06.08.1997
(Sales & Marketing)
22. Mohan M. M. Senior Manager (HRD) B.Com., PGDBM 53 11.07.1992
23. Mohandas Pai T. V. Senior Vice President (F&A) B.Com., LL.B, FCA 40 17.10.1994
24. Nandan M. Nilekani Managing Director, President B.Tech. (IITB) 43 01.09.1981
and Chief Operating Officer
25. N. R. Narayana Murthy Chairman and M.Tech. (IITK) 52 01.04.1982
Chief Executive Officer
26. Padmanabhan D. Senior Project Manager B.Sc. 36 02.11.1992
27. Parameswar Y. Senior Project Manager B.E., M.Tech. (IITK) 42 14.10.1996
28. Prabhu M. S. S. Dr. Senior Vice President B.E., Ph.D (IISc) 51 01.08.1997
*29. Prahlad D. N. Senior Vice President B.E. (IISc) 43 01.04.1989
30. Pravin Rao U. B. Associate Vice President B.E. 37 04.08.1986
31. Priti J. Rao Senior Project Manager M.Sc. (IITB) 39 02.07.1997
32. Raghavan N. S. Joint Managing Director B.E. 55 01.09.1981
33. Raghavan S. Associate Vice President B.E. 37 16.04.1987
(Quality)
*34. Rajan N. V. Associate Vice President B.Sc., PGDPM (XLRI) 40 20.01.1997
(HRD)
<CAPTION>
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sl. Experience Gross Previous employment - Designation
No. (Years) Remuneration
(Rs.)
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
1. 17 7,82,519.00 ANZ Bank, New Zealand - Technical Team Leader
2. 26 10,65,613.00 Infosys Digital Systems Pvt. Ltd. - Managing Director
3. 14 6,06,581.00 AMCO Batteries Ltd. - Senior Accounts Executive
4. 26 12,45,693.00 Hitek Software Systems Ltd. - Technical Director
5. 15 8,65,925.00 Wipro Infotech Ltd. - Systems Engineer
6. 25 6,54,725.00 Aeronautical Development Agency - Scientist
7. 16 6,36,068.00 Universal Card, USA - Project Manager
*8. 19 62,850.00 R. S. Software - Vice President, Technology
9. 13 6,10,032.00 Motor Industries Company Ltd. - Senior Engineer (Technical Sales)
*10. 16 3,06,209.00 Textronics - India Engg. Manager
*11. 16 51,327.00 Ramco Systems - Product Manager
12. 23 6,01,162.00 Indian Army - General Engineering
13. 11 6,25,087.00 -
14. 23 12,72,496.00 Patni Computer Systems Pvt. Ltd. - Senior Software Engineer
*15. 24 2,31,532.00 ANZ Grindlays - Director and Head Operations India
16. 19 12,53,711.00 Sofware Sourcing Company, Atlanta, USA - Vice President (Technical)
*17. 15 2,38,290.00 Empower Associates (HR Consultancy) - Proprietrix
18. 15 6,61,579.00 Urban Transport Dev. Corp., Canada - Research Asst.
19. 14 6,18,428.00 Zenith Electro Systems Pvt. Ltd. - Software Executive
20. 21 6,59,726.00 Infosys Digital Systems Pvt. Ltd. - Associate Vice President
21. 17 6,71,718.00 Systems Software Associates India - Regional Accounts Manager
22. 29 6,10,068.00 Motor Industries Company Ltd. - Asst. Officer (HRD)
23. 19 10,82,874.00 Prakash Leasing Ltd. - Executive Director
24. 21 12,82,169.00 Patni Computer Systems Pvt. Ltd. - Asst. Project Manager
25. 30 13,12,601.00 Patni Computer Systems Pvt. Ltd. - Head (Software Group)
26. 15 6,26,555.00 PSI Data Systems Ltd. - Product Support Manager
27. 19 6,26,246.00 C-DOT - Divisional Manager
28. 25 11,65,425.00 Tata Consultancy Services - Vice President
*29. 16 5,24,992.00 Datacons Pvt. Ltd. - Project Leader
30. 13 6,80,635.00 Indian Institute of Science - Programmer Trainee
31. 16 6,33,750.00 Larsen & Toubro Ltd. - Systems Manager
32. 35 12,43,081.00 Patni Computer Systems Pvt. Ltd. - Asst. Manager
33. 15 7,00,983.00 Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. - Maintenance Engineer
*34. 16 6,42,136.00 Maxworth Home Ltd. - Associate Vice President (HRD & Legal)
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sl. Name Designation Qualification Age Date of joining
No. (Years)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
35. Rajasekaran K. S. Manager (Business M.Sc. 40 08.11.1983
Development, Banking)
36. Rajiv Kuchhal Associate Vice President B.Tech. (IITD) 33 05.02.1990
37. Ramadas Kamath U. Senior Manager BBM, FCA 38 01.07.1994
(Accounts & Administration)
38. Ravi C. Senior Project Manager B.E. 33 02.05.1988
39. Rohan Joshi Senior Manager (Corporate B.E., MBA 37 02.11.1993
Business Development Support)
40. Seshan P. Senior Project Manager B.E.(Hon.) 37 01.06.1993
41. Sharad K. Hegde Senior Vice President B.Tech. (IITM), PGDIE (NITIE) 40 01.07.1983
42. Shibulal S. D. Director M.Sc., MS (Boston Univ.) 44 10.01.1997
43. Shivaprasad K. G. Associate Vice President B.Sc.(Hon.), M.Sc. 43 10.06.1996
*44. Sivashankar J. Senior Manager (MIS) B.Tech., MMS 39 22.01.1999
45. Srinath Batni Senior Vice President M.E. (IISc) 44 15.06.1992
46. Srinivasan V. Senior Project Manager B.Tech. (IITD) 37 03.03.1997
47. Subbaraya Sastry M. Associate Vice President B.Tech., PGDBM (IIMB) 40 13.05.1995
48. Sudheer K. Associate Vice President B.Tech. (IITM) 38 14.11.1986
49. Vasudeva Rao L. Vice President B.E. 37 01.08.1994
50. Vijay Kumar C. Senior Manager B.E. 37 03.11.1987
(Infrastructure Development)
51. Yegneshwar S. Dr. Associate Vice President B.E.(Hon.), Ph.D (IITB) 38 06.04.1993
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<CAPTION>
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sl. Experience Gross Previous employment - Designation
No. (Years) Remuneration
(Rs.)
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
35. 15 6,16,742.00 Voores High School - Teacher
36. 12 7,26,851.00 Telecommunications Consultants (I) Ltd. - Asst. Manager
37. 14 6,06,581.00 Manipal Printers & Publishers Ltd. - Accountant
38. 11 6,13,781.00 -
39. 12 6,45,695.00 Philips International - Junior Vice President
40. 15 6,04,393.00 Infosys Manufacturing Systems Pvt. Ltd. - Asst. Project Manager
41. 18 11,75,378.00 Patni Computer Systems Pvt. Ltd. - Software Engineer Trainee
42. 23 12,23,336.00 Sun Micro Systems - Senior IR Manager
43. 22 7,19,807.00 Oman Computer Services - Software Development Manager
*44. 14 1,11,581.00 Anuvin Business Solutions. - Director
45. 21 9,73,591.00 PSI Bull Ltd. - Senior Manager (Marketing Technical Support)
46. 13 6,03,565.00 Deutsche Software - Asst. Systems Manager
47. 16 6,82,208.00 Verifone India Pvt. Ltd. - Manager (MIS)
48. 14 8,00,886.00 Indian Organic Chemicals Ltd. - Programmer Analyst
49. 14 7,69,893.00 Software Sourcing Company, Atlanta, USA - Project Manager
50. 18 6,47,314.00 Self employed
51. 11 6,74,593.00 IIM, Ahmedabad - Asst. Professor
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
NOTE:
Remuneration comprises basic salary, allowances and taxable value of
perquisites.
*Employed for part of the year.
None of the employees are related to any director of the company.
For and on behalf of the board of directors
Sd Sd
Bangalore Nandan M. Nilekani N. R. Narayana Murthy
April 9, 1999 Managing Director, President Chairman
and Chief Operating Officer and Chief Executive Officer
<PAGE>
Risk management
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The management cautions readers that the risks outlined below are not exhaustive
and are for information purposes only. Investors are requested to exercise their
own judgement in assessing various risks associated with the company and to
refer to discussions of some of these risks in the company's earlier annual
reports and Securities and Exchange Commission filings.
Prudent risk management practices form a key element of business strategy,
especially in companies characterized by high growth and innovation. As Infosys
moves towards globalizing its operations, these practices will have to be
constantly reviewed in response to changing environmental and internal
imperatives.
Infosys has an integrated approach to risk management. The board of directors is
responsible for monitoring risk levels, and the management council is
responsible for ensuring implementation of mitigation measures, if required.
Senior management personnel and line officers aid the board in this process.
Formal reporting and control mechanisms ensure timely and comprehensive
information availability and facilitate proactive risk assessment.
The risk management system currently monitors the following risks :
1. Business portfolio risks
Service concentration
Client concentration
Geographical concentration
Vertical domain concentration
Technology concentration
2. Financial risks
Foreign currency rate fluctuations
Liquidity
Leverage
3. Legal and statutory risks
Contractual liabilities
Statutory compliance
4. Internal process risks
Project execution
Disaster prevention and recovery
Technological obsolescence
Human resource management
Internal control systems
Acquisitive growth
5. Political risks
1. Business portfolio risks
Excessive dependence on any single business segment increases risk and therefore
needs to be avoided. To this end, the company has adopted prudential norms to
prevent undesirable concentration. Systems to facilitate continuous tracking are
in place; these include on-line reports to senior management (with exception
reporting mechanisms) and detailed quarterly analyses of the data. Based on this
information, the management takes appropriate corrective steps, when required.
1.1 Service concentration
Infosys has an array of service offerings across various horizontal and
vertical business segments. To prevent excessive dependence on any service
offering that caters to one-time market opportunities, the company has
adopted a norm to restrict business from any such service to less than 25%
of total revenue.
Further, these opportunities (Y2K and Euro) have been used to make inroads
into hitherto untapped client accounts. These have resulted in a broader
client base for other services and have also helped build fruitful,
long-
<PAGE>
term client relationships. For example, for the 13 clients who started
their association with the company through the Y2K service, the proportion
of FY 1999 billings from non-Y2K services is around 35%.
1.2 Client concentration
Excessive exposure to a few large clients has the potential to impact
profitability and to increase credit risk. However, large clients and high
repeat business lead to higher revenue growth and lower marketing costs.
Therefore, the company needs to strike a balance. Infosys has chosen to
limit the revenue from any one client to 10% of total revenue.
In addition to increasing revenues from existing clients, Infosys actively
seeks new business opportunities and clients to minimize concentration.
Efforts have also been made to reduce the proportion of revenues from the
company's top-five and top-ten clients. These steps ensure a wider client
base and lower volatility in revenues.
The following table provides historical data on client concentration
(based on Indian GAAP).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
FY 1999 FY 1998 FY 1997 FY 1996
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Active clients 115 93 69 31
Clients added during the year 39 45 45 17
% revenues from the top-five clients 28.4% 35.1% 43.1% 59.7%
% revenues from the top-ten clients 44.0% 50.1% 59.9% 77.5%
Clients accounting for > 5% of
total revenue 5 5 5 6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.3 Geographical concentration
A high geographical concentration of business could lead to volatility
because of political and economic factors in target markets. However,
individual markets have distinct characteristics - growth, IT spends,
willingness to outsource, costs of penetration, and price points. Further,
the cost and difficulty of penetrating new geographies is a key factor.
Cultural issues such as language, work culture and ethics, and acceptance
of global talent also come into play. Further, due to these business
considerations the company has decided not to impose rigid limits on
geographical concentration.
This risk is managed by proactively looking for business opportunities in
new geographical areas and thereby increasing their contribution to total
revenues.
The following table provides historical data relating to geographical
concentration (based on Indian GAAP).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Geographical area FY 1999 FY 1998 FY 1997 FY 1996
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
North Americas 81.4% 81.5% 75.8% 71.6%
Europe 9.3% 8.9% 8.0% 12.9%
Rest of the World 6.9% 6.0% 1.6% 1.5%
India 2.4% 3.6% 14.6% 14.0%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
==========================================================================
1.4 Vertical domain concentration
Vertical domains relate to the industry in which clients operate. Infosys
has chosen to focus on certain vertical segments with a view to leverage
accumulated domain expertise to deliver enhanced value to its clients. To
ensure that cyclicality in any one industry does not adversely impact
revenues, proportion of revenue from each vertical domain is closely
monitored. Focussed marketing efforts in chosen domains serve to mitigate
this risk.
The following table provides historical information on the proportions of
revenue from various domains (based on Indian GAAP).
<PAGE>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Industry Class FY 1999 FY 1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Manufacturing 24.6% 21.1%
Insurance, Banking and Financial Services 23.3% 19.7%
Telecom 14.2% 16.8%
Retail 13.8% 17.6%
Others 24.1% 24.8%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Revenue 100.0% 100.0%
==========================================================================
1.5 Technology concentration
Being a company exposed to rapid shifts in technology, an undue focus on
any particular technology could adversely affect the risk profile of the
company. However, given the rapid pace of technological change, Infosys
has chosen not to impose rigid concentration limits. Often, the choice of
technology is determined by industry characteristics.
Focussed efforts to solicit business from sunrise technologies has served
to keep the risk on this parameter within manageable limits.
The following table provides historical technology-related data (based on
Indian GAAP).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Technology FY 1999 FY 1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Distributed systems 41.5% 36.4%
Mainframe / Mid-range 37.1% 38.9%
Internet 3.7% 0.1%
Proprietary Telecom systems 12.1% 19.2%
Others 5.6% 5.4%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 100.0% 100.0%
==========================================================================
2. Financial risks
2.1 Foreign currency rate fluctuations
Infosys derives its revenue from more than 20 countries around the world.
The US constitutes a significant portion of total revenue with 88% of
revenue in FY 1999 being dollar-denominated. A large proportion of its
expenses are in Indian rupees. Operating profits are therefore subject to
foreign currency rate fluctuations. While the depreciation of the Indian
rupee would have a favorable bottom-line impact, an appreciation would
affect the company's profitability adversely. As Infosys is a net foreign
currency earner, it has a natural hedge on all forex-related payments.
The table below gives the foreign currency receipts and payments.
Rs. in crore
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
FY 1999 FY 1998 FY 1997 FY 1996
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Earnings in foreign curency 477.44 226.12 114.03 74.46
Revenue expenditure in foreign currency 162.75 79.12 42.59 26.82
Net revenue foreign currency earnings 314.69 147.00 71.44 47.64
Capital expenditure in foreign currency 29.81 19.53 13.58 6.53
Net foreign currency earnings 284.88 127.47 57.86 41.11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
To avoid risks arising from short-term foreign currency rate fluctuations,
Infosys hedges a part of its dollar receivables in the forward market.
Dollar expenses are met out of foreign currency accounts. A significant
part of the surplus funds of the company is maintained in foreign currency
deposits. The company does not take active trading positions in the
foreign currency markets and operates only to hedge its receivables. Any
bad debt write-offs in foreign currencies are effected only after
obtaining permission from the Reserve Bank of India.
2.2 Liquidity
An essential part of the financial strategy of Infosys is to have a liquid
balance sheet. The company aims to have liquid assets at 25% of revenue
and around 40% of total assets. Operating as it does in a high technology
area, a high level of liquidity enables quick responses to rapid changes
in the environment.
<PAGE>
Infosys also has a policy to settle its payables well within stipulated
time frames. Further, the nature of business is such that significant
investments may have to be made in marketing, and research and development
activities.
All these factors call for considerable liquidity.
The following table gives the data on the liquidity position of the
company based on Indian GAAP.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ratio FY 1999 FY 1998 FY 1997 FY 1996
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating cash flow as % of revenue 30.98% 22.19% 16.95% 24.95%
Days of sales receivable 61 57 47 46
Cash and equivalents as % of assets 72.51% 29.57% 25.5% 35.41%
Cash and equivalents as % of revenue 81.26% 19.64% 20.01% 31.88%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.3 Leverage
Infosys has been a zero-debt company for the past 3 financial years.
Currently, the company has a policy to use debt financing only for
short-term funding requirements.
3. Legal and statutory risks
3.1 Contractual liabilities
Litigation regarding intellectual property rights, patents and copyrights
is increasing in the software industry. Litigation due to Year 2000
services is also on the rise. In addition, there are other general
corporate legal risks.
The management has clearly charted out a review and documentation process
for contracts. This process focuses on evaluating the legal risks involved
in a contract, on ascertaining the legal responsibilities of the company
under the applicable law of the contract, on restricting its liabilities
under the contract and covering risks. The management has also taken
sufficient insurance cover abroad to cover possible liabilities arising
out of non-performance of the contract. The management reviews this on a
continuous basis and takes corrective action. As a matter of policy the
company does not enter into contracts which have open-ended legal
obligations.
To date, the company has no material litigation in relation to contractual
obligations pending against it in any court in India or abroad.
3.2 Statutory compliance
Infosys has a compliance officer to advise the company on compliance
issues with respect to the laws of various jurisdictions in which the
company has its business activities and to ensure that the company is not
in violation of the laws of any jurisdiction where the company has
operations. The compliance officer reports from time to time on the
compliance or otherwise of the laws of various jurisdictions to the board
of directors. Various business heads give compliance certificates to the
board of directors and the compliance officer reports deviations, if any.
Generally, the company takes appropriate business decisions after
ascertaining from the compliance officer and, if necessary, from
independent legal counsels, that the business operation of the company is
not in contravention of any law in the jurisdiction in which it is
undertaken. Legal compliance issues are an important factor in assessing
all new business proposals. The company has strengthened its legal team
and put in place appropriate policies towards legal compliance. The
company follows an affirmative policy in protecting its trade name and
trademark/service mark and is actively pursuing trademark infringement
suits against various persons / companies in India.
4. Internal process risks
4.1 Project execution
Risk management processes at the operational level are a key requirement
for reducing uncertainty in delivering high-quality software solutions to
clients within budgeted time and cost. Adoption of quality models such as
the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) has ensured that risks are identified
and measures are taken to mitigate them at the project plan stage itself.
A Risk Management Guideline is in place to provide guidance to project
leaders and module leaders on ways in which risks can be identified and
mitigated. Important metrics are also collected and analyzed for all
projects and a database of such information is maintained to focus
attention on key
<PAGE>
improvement areas. Standard methodologies, perfected through accumulated
experience, form the basis for execution of projects in most of Infosys'
service offerings.
Infosys also has an effective system in place to ensure creation,
documentation and dissemination of experiential knowledge. The backbone of
this system is a user friendly, searchable database known as the "Body of
Knowledge (BoK)" comprising of knowledge components contributed by
employees of the company. Incentive schemes are in place to encourage a
knowledge sharing culture in the organization.
4.2 Disaster prevention and recovery
Adherence to ISO 9001 and CMM Level 4 quality standards has ensured that
the company has a robust disaster prevention and recovery system in place.
The company has a disaster recovery plan for each of its work locations as
well as for each technology category. Possible risks for each category
have been identified and action plans have been put in place to cope with
any contingencies. These plans are reviewed and updated periodically to
make sure that they are in sync with changes in technology and risks.
All software media brought into the company's offices are scanned for
viruses before being used. Further, Infosys has firewalls in place on all
connections to clients and to the Internet.
The Year 2000 problem has the potential to affect systems, transaction
processing, computer applications and devices used by the company to
operate and monitor major aspects of its business. Towards reducing this
risk, the company has converted its financial applications software to
programs certified by the suppliers as Year 2000 compliant and is
currently in the process of modifying and upgrading all other affected
systems in the company. The company has also taken up an assessment of the
Year 2000 preparedness of its third party suppliers. Suitable steps to
ensure compliance at their end would be taken based on the results of this
assessment.
The company has instituted a contingency plan to meet any possible
disruption in client support due to the Y2K impact on the technology and
communication infrastructure of the company. A provision of Rs. 6.66 crore
has been made during the financial year towards such a contingency plan.
Further, to avoid failure of telecommunications infrastructure, which is
the lifeline of the company, Infosys has installed multiple links supplied
by different service providers for redundancy. These links take different
routes to client locations.
4.3 Technological obsolescence
The company evaluates technological obsolescence and the associated risks
on a continuing basis and makes investments accordingly. Information
technology is possibly the only area where costs for a given technology
reduce over time. The cost of acquiring technology also includes the cost
of installation and retraining.
The technology requirements of the company can be classified into three
categories and different strategies are used to manage risk in each
category. The first category is the company's desktop environment
consisting of PCs along with associated software. In this category,
volumes are large and retraining costs are high. The company considers
this as a commodity product and goes for a technology that is mature - not
leading edge - so that costs are low. The company has also standardized
its user interface software so that retraining costs are minimal. Once the
warranty period on these systems expires, they are donated to educational
and charitable institutions, after obtaining suitable approval.
The second category of systems are proprietary systems used for
development of software for clients as well as the servers used for
running internal IS applications. The technological obsolescence in these
areas is not rapid, especially in the mainframe segment. Purchase
decisions in this category are determined by client requirements. The
company has standardized on the Windows NT platform for internal MIS
needs. Network components also fall into this category and the company is
standardizing its network components, based on a few suppliers.
The third category of systems are the tools required for software
development including project management tools, integrated software
development environments, testing and other CASE tools, collaborative
software development tools, etc. In this category, the company
continuously looks out for leading-edge products that help increase
productivity and also give the company an advantage over its competitors.
In its technology infrastructure, Infosys aims to be on par with or better
than the best anywhere in the world including its clients. The company's
clients would like it to advise them on emerging products and
technologies. Hence, Infosys continuously invests in these technologies.
Several research initiatives are going on in the company to review and
adopt the technology for use internally as well as on client projects.
<PAGE>
The company's amortization strategy reflects the requirements of the
various categories of systems. Infosys has an aggressive amortization
program under which category 1 and 2 are amortized in 2 years except for
mainframe technology. Further, purchase of software is treated as revenue
expenditure in the same year. Other assets are also aggressively amortized
to ensure that the investment is current and that any change in technology
would not lead to large write-offs. Such an amortization policy also
ensures full cost recovery as part of current costs.
The following table gives depreciation expense and software expense as a
proportion of revenues for the last four years (based on Indian GAAP).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
FY 1999 FY 1998 FY 1997 FY 1996
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Depreciation / average gross block 26.2% 25.8% 17.8% 23.9%
Depreciation / total revenue 7.0% 8.7% 7.3% 9.2%
Software for own use / total revenue 2.9% 3.4% 2.7% 3.1%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.4 Human resource management
The key resource for Infosys is its people. The company has been able to
create a favorable work environment that encourages innovation and
meritocracy. This, combined with a well-balanced compensation package,
ensures that Infosys has one of the lowest attrition rates in the
industry, today. The table below gives attrition rates for the past two
years:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
FY 1999 FY 1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Attrition rate 11.5% 15.9%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
One of the reasons for the low attrition has been the company's stock
option scheme. As the current scheme is coming to a close, a new scheme is
being put in place.
Infosys enjoys very good relations with universities locally, and thus,
has a huge talent pool to draw from. The company has grown from 480
software professionals as on March 31, 1994 to 3,158 software
professionals as on March 31, 1999 (3,389 IT professionals including those
in support functions). This has been achieved in-spite of the stiff entry
criteria the company sets for aspiring employees.
To enable access to a wider talent pool, the company has started building
relationships with universities outside India. Given Infosys' track record
and the awareness it has created in this segment, the company is confident
of scaling up to the numbers required to support growth.
4.5 Internal control systems
Being a process-oriented company, Infosys has in place clear processes and
well-defined roles and responsibilities for people at various levels.
This, coupled with robust internal information systems, ensures
appropriate information flow to facilitate monitoring. Adherence to these
processes is ensured through frequent internal audits. Additionally, the
following measures are in place to ensure proper control:
o Any unbudgeted expense has to be approved by the managing director.
o Any policy change is approved by a committee headed by the chairman
after a 5-year profitability impact assessment.
o Senior management personnel submit periodic reports on their
activities and achievements and these are reviewed by the managing
director.
4.6 Acquisitive growth
Infosys has grown organically in the past. In the future, however, Infosys
may consider mergers and acquisitions as a possible route for its
discontinuous growth. To ensure preparedness for such growth, a team has
been formed to set strategic objectives, evaluation guidelines, and
tentative implementation mechanisms for any such possibility.
<PAGE>
5. Political risks
Recognizing that India's education system, its world-class professionals,
and its low cost structure give it an intrinsic comparative advantage in
software exports, successive governments have accorded a special status to
this industry. Task Forces comprising politicians, bureaucrats and
industrialists have recommended policy measures to give a fillip to the
Indian IT industry. Implementation of these recommendations is in
progress. On the whole, the Government's favorable disposition towards the
IT industry - and specifically towards software exports - is highly
encouraging. Given the consensus among all leading political parties on
the importance of the software industry, it is likely to remain a focus
area for governmental policy in the years to come. However, in order to
mitigate the risk of operating from a single country, Infosys is exploring
the possibility of establishing development centers in countries other
than India.
<PAGE>
Corporate governance
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Corporate governance policies
Infosys has been a pioneer in benchmarking its corporate governance policies
with the best in the world. Your directors present below for your information,
the internal policies on corporate governance.
A. Board composition
1. Responsibilities of the CEO and the COO
The current policy of the company is to have an executive chairman and
chief executive officer (CEO) and a managing director, president and chief
operating officer (COO). There is a clear demarcation of responsibilities
and authority between the two. The CEO is responsible for corporate
strategy, brand equity, planning, external contacts, acquisitions, and
board matters. The COO is responsible for all day-to-day operational
issues and achievement of the annual targets in client satisfaction,
sales, profits, quality, productivity, employee enabling and retention.
The CEO, COO, executive directors and the senior management staff make
periodic presentations to the board on their targets, responsibilities and
performance.
2. Size of the board
The board has ten members, and periodically reviews the need for its
expansion. As per the bye laws of the company, the board can have up to
twelve members.
3. Executive and independent directors
The current policy is to have an appropriate mix of executive and
independent directors to maintain the independence of the board, and to
separate the board functions of governance and management. To ensure
independence of the board, the members of the audit committee, the
nominations committee and the compensation committee are composed entirely
of independent directors. The current board has four independent directors
and six executive directors. All the executive directors are also the
founders of the company.
4. Board membership criteria
The board members are expected to possess the expertise, skills and
experience required to manage and guide a high growth, hi-tech software
company deriving revenue primarily from G-7 countries. Expertise in
strategy, technology, finance, quality and human resources is essential.
Generally, they will be between 40 and 55 years of age. They will not be a
relative of an executive director or of an independent director. They are
not expected to serve in any executive or independent position in any
company in direct competition with Infosys. The board members are expected
to rigorously prepare for, attend, and participate in all board and
applicable committee meetings. Each board member is expected to ensure
that other existing and planned future commitments do not materially
interfere with the member's responsibility as a director of Infosys.
5. Membership term
The board constantly evaluates the contribution of its members, and
recommends to shareholders their re-appointment periodically as per
statute. The current law in India mandates the retirement of one third of
the board members every year and qualifies the retiring members for
re-appointment. The executive directors are appointed by the shareholders
for a maximum period of five years at one time but are eligible for
re-appointment upon completion of their term. The nominations committee of
the board, composed entirely of independent directors, recommends such
appointment / re-appointment. However, the membership term is limited by
the retirement age for members.
6. Retirement policy
The board has adopted a retirement policy for its members. Under this
policy, the maximum age of retirement of executive directors, including
the CEO, is 60 years which is the age of superannuation for the employees
of the company. Their continuation as members of the board upon
superannuation / retirement is determined by the nominations committee.
The age limit for retirement from the board is 65 years.
<PAGE>
7. Board compensation review
The compensation committee determines and recommends to the board, the
compensation payable to the members of the board. The compensation of the
executive directors consists of a fixed component that is paid monthly,
and a variable component which is paid quarterly based on performance. A
quarterly appraisal of their performance is made by the compensation
committee. The annual compensation of the executive directors is approved
by the compensation committee within the parameters set by the
shareholders at the shareholders meetings. The shareholders determine the
compensation of the executive directors for the entire period of their
term.
The compensation of the independent directors is approved at a meeting of
the full board. The components are a fixed amount, and a variable amount
based on their attendance of the board and committee meetings. The total
compensation payable to all the independent directors together is limited
to a fixed sum per year determined by the board. This sum is within the
limit of 0.5% of the net profits of the company for the year calculated as
per the provisions of the Companies Act and as approved by the
shareholders and is separately disclosed in the financial statements. The
compensation payable to the independent directors and the method of
calculation are also disclosed separately in the financial statements. As
founders of the company, the executive directors have voluntarily excluded
themselves from the 1994 ESOP and the 1998 ADS-linked ESOP. The
independent directors are also not eligible for stock options under both
the plans. However, under the proposed 1999 India-ESOP, the independent
directors of the board, would be eligible for stock options. The founder
directors are excluded.
8. Memberships of other boards
The executive directors are excluded from serving on the board of any
other company / body unless the said entity is an industrial body whose
interests are germane to the business of the software industry, or
government bodies that have a relevance to the software industry, or
bodies whose objective is the upliftment of society. The independent
directors are not expected to serve on the boards of competing companies.
Other than this, there is no limitation save that imposed by law and good
corporate governance.
B. Board meetings
1. Scheduling and selection of agenda items for board meetings
Normally, the board meetings are scheduled at least a month in advance.
Most of the meetings are held at the company's registered office at
Electronics City, Bangalore, India. The chairman of the board and the
company secretary draft the agenda along with the explanatory notes for
each board meeting and distribute it in advance to the board members.
Every board member is free to suggest the inclusion of items on the
agenda. Normally, the board meets once a quarter to review the quarterly
results and other items on the agenda. The board also meets on the
occasion of the annual shareholders' meeting. Based on the need,
additional meetings are held. The independent directors are expected to
attend at least four board meetings in a year. A committee of the board
meets as and when required for transacting business of a routine nature.
2. Availability of information to the members of the board
The board has unfettered and complete access to any information within the
company, and to any employee of the company. At the meetings of the board,
the board welcomes the presence of managers who can provide additional
insights into the items being discussed.
C. Board committees
1. The committees of the board
Currently, the board has three committees - the audit committee, the
compensation committee and the nominations committee. The functions of
these committees have been described elsewhere in this report. These
committees are composed entirely of independent directors.
2. Assignment and terms of service of committee members
The board decides, in consultation with the chairman and considering the
views of individual board members, terms of service of various committees
and the assignment of specific board members to various committees.
<PAGE>
3. Frequency and duration of committee meetings and committee agenda
The chairman of the board, in consultation with the company secretary of
the company and the committee chairman, determines the frequency and
duration of the committee meetings. Normally, the committees meet at least
twice a year. The committee agenda and the minutes of the committee
meeting are submitted to the full board for approval.
D. Management review and responsibility
1. Formal evaluation of officers
A committee headed by the chairman and CEO reviews, evaluates and decides
the annual compensation for officers of the company from the level of
associate vice president excluding members of management council. The
grant of stock options under the 1994 ESOP are decided by the advisory
board constituted under the plan. The compensation committee of the board
will administer the 1998 ADS-linked-ESOP and the proposed 1999-India-ESOP.
2. Succession planning and management development
The chairman reviews succession planning and management development with
the board from time to time.
3. Board interaction with clients, employees, institutional investors
and the press
The chairman and CEO manages all interaction with the investors, media,
and the government. In this task, he seeks advice and help from the
managing director, president and COO as well as the CFO, where necessary.
The managing director and COO manages all interaction with the clients
taking the advice and the help of the CEO, where necessary. Both the CEO
and the COO handle employee communication.
Compliance with corporate governance codes
Corporate governance has assumed great significance in India in the recent past.
Even though the Companies Act provided a framework for corporate governance,
defined the powers, duties and responsibilities of the board, instituted a
system of checks and balances with punishment for transgression of law, there
was a felt need for a comprehensive code of corporate governance. Indian
industry associations have taken the lead in framing such a code. Globally, the
Cadbury Committee on corporate governance has framed a similar code. As already
stated, the company is committed to good corporate governance and has
benchmarked itself against global best practices. As additional disclosure of
the company's compliance with the industry-set-standards, a report on compliance
with the Confederation of Indian Industry Code and the Cadbury Committee code is
given hereunder.
1. Compliance with the CII code on corporate governance
"Corporate Governance deals with laws, procedures, practices and implicit
rules that determine a company's ability to take managerial decisions
vis-a-vis its claimants - in particular, its shareholders, creditors,
clients, the state and employees. There is a global consensus about the
objective of "good" corporate governance - maximizing long-term
shareholder value. Since shareholders are residual claimants, this
objective follows from a premise that, in well performing capital and
financial markets, whatever maximizes shareholder value must necessarily
maximize corporate prosperity, and best satisfy the claims of shareholders
and the state".
Desirable Corporate Governance - A Code: Confederation of
Indian Industry (CII)
The CII has taken the initiative to improve corporate governance by
publishing a code of corporate governance. Your company has been complying
with most recommendations of this code, for several years. Your company
supports this initiative and believes that this will considerably improve
investor protection and governance.
The CII committee on corporate governance has made seventeen specific
recommendations. Your company complies with substantially all these
recommendations except for the following:
The CII has recommended that no single person should hold directorship in
more than ten companies.
Two non-executive directors hold directorship in more than ten companies.
The CII has recommended that non-executive directors be entitled to stock
options to enable them to bring in long-term value to the shareholders.
<PAGE>
Currently, non-executive directors are not entitled to stock options due
to regulatory constraints. In the proposed 1999-India-ESOP, non-executive
directors will be eligible.
Board of directors
Recommendation 1 - The full board should meet a minimum of six times a
year, preferably at an interval of two months, and each meeting should
have agenda items that require at least half a day's discussion.
The board of directors met nine times during the year with a clearly
defined agenda for each meeting.
Recommendation 2 - Any listed company with a turnover of Rs. 100 crore and
higher should have professionally competent, independent, non-executive
directors, who should constitute at least 30% of the board if the chairman
of the company is a non-executive director, or at least 50% of the board
if the chairman and managing director is the same person.
In fiscal 1999, non-executive directors constituted 40% of the board. The
board has divided the responsibility for the management of the company
between an executive chairman and CEO, and a managing director, president
and COO. The non-executive directors are independent and accomplished
professionals in the corporate and academic worlds.
Recommendation 3 - No single person should hold directorships in more than
ten companies.
Except for two of the non-executive directors, none of the other directors
hold directorship in more than ten companies.
Recommendation 4 - For non-executive directors to play a material role in
corporate decision making and maximizing long term shareholder value, they
need to become active participants on the board, not passive advisors;
have clearly defined responsibilities within the board such as the audit
committee; and know-how to read a balance sheet, profit and loss account,
cash flow statements and financial ratios and have some knowledge of
various company laws. This, of course, excludes those who are invited to
join boards as experts in other fields such as science and technology.
The Infosys board has four non-executive directors. The non-executive
directors play an active role in all the board meetings. The board has
constituted three committees - the audit committee, the nominations
committee, and the compensation committee, consisting entirely of
non-executive directors. The reports of the above committees are provided
elsewhere in this annual report.
Recommendation 5 - To secure better effort from non-executive directors,
companies should pay a commission over and above the sitting fees for the
use of professional inputs. The present commission of 1% of net profits
(if the company has a managing director), or 3% (if there is no managing
director) is sufficient; Consider offering stock options, so as to relate
rewards to performance. Commissions are rewards on current profits. Stock
options are rewards contingent upon future appreciation of corporate
value. An appropriate mix of the two can align a non-executive director
towards keeping an eye on short-term profits as well as long term
shareholder value.
The non-executive directors are eligible for a commission of up to 0.5% of
the net profits of the company. During the financial year 1998-99, the
total commission payable to the non-executive directors amounted to Rs. 24
lakhs. However, they were not eligible for any stock options due to
regulatory constraints. The new regulations issued by SEBI make them
eligible for stock options. The 1999-India-ESOP, to be submitted for
shareholder approval, would include non-executive directors as
beneficiaries.
Recommendation 6 - While re-appointing members of the board, companies
should give the attendance record of the concerned directors. If a
director has not been present (absent with or without leave) for 50% or
more meetings, then this should be explicitly stated in the resolution
that is put to vote. As a general practice, one should not re-appoint any
director who has not had the time to attend even one half of the meetings.
In the Internet age, the contribution of a director cannot be measured
only by physical presence at a board meeting. If a company has global
ambitions, it has to invite well-known persons from across the globe to
serve on the board. It is not reasonable to expect these busy and
accomplished people to travel to India for every meeting, particularly
when there are other effective means of participation. In the case of
every non-executive director, without exception, the company has been able
to tap their expertise, wisdom and experience in solving strategic and
operational issues using teleconferencing, e-mail and video conferencing.
Therefore, the definition of physical presence should include presence by
way of teleconferencing or videoconferencing in addition to
<PAGE>
physical presence in counting the number of meetings attended. For the
sake of completeness, the number of board meetings held during the year,
and the number attended by the directors is given below.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Director No. of meetings No. of meetings
held attended
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Susim M. Datta 9 5
Deepak M. Satwalekar 9 7
Ramesh Vangal 9 2
Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam 9 5
N. R. Narayana Murthy 9 8
Nandan M. Nilekani 9 9
N. S. Raghavan 9 8
S. Gopalakrishnan 9 7
K. Dinesh 9 9
S. D. Shibulal 9 8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key information
Recommendation 7 - Key information that must be reported and placed before
the board must contain:
o Annual operating plans and budgets, together with up-dated long term
plans
o Capital budgets, manpower and overhead budgets
o Quarterly results for the company as a whole and its operating
divisions or business segments
o Internal audit reports, including cases of theft and dishonesty of a
material nature
o Show cause, demand and prosecution notices received from revenue
authorities that are considered to be materially important.
(Material nature of any exposure that exceeds 1% of the company's
net worth)
o Fatal or serious accidents, dangerous occurrences, and any effluent
or pollution problems
o Default in payment of interest or non-payment of the principal on
any public deposit, and/or to any secured creditor or financial
institution
o Defaults such as non-payment of inter-corporate deposits by or to
the company, or materially substantial non-payment for goods sold by
the company
o Any issue which involves possible public or product liability claims
of a substantial nature, including any judgement or order which may
have either passed strictures on the conduct of the company, or
taken an adverse view regarding another enterprise that can have
negative implications for the company
o Details of any joint venture or collaboration agreement
o Transactions that involve substantial payment towards goodwill,
brand equity, or intellectual property
o Recruitment and remuneration of senior officers just below the board
level, including appointment or removal of the chief financial
officer and the company secretary
o Labor problems and their proposed solutions
o Quarterly details of foreign exchange exposure and the steps taken
by management to limit the risks of adverse exchange rate movement,
if material.
The required key information is being provided to the board at regular
intervals.
Audit committee
Recommendation 8 - Listed companies with either a turnover of over Rs. 100
crore or a paid-up capital of Rs. 20 crore, should set up audit committees
within two years. Audit committees should consist of at least three
members, all drawn from a company's non-executive directors, who should
have adequate knowledge of finance, accounts and basic elements of company
law. To be effective, the audit committee should have clearly defined
terms of reference and its members must be willing to spend more time on
the company's work vis-a-vis other non-executive directors. Audit
committees should assist the board in fulfilling its functions relating to
corporate accounting and reporting practices, financial and accounting
controls, and financial statements and proposals that accompany the public
issue of any security- and thus provide effective supervision of the
financial reporting process. The audit committee should periodically
interact with the statutory auditors and the internal auditors to
ascertain the quality and veracity of the company's accounts as well as
the capability of the
<PAGE>
auditors themselves. For the audit committee to discharge its fiduciary
responsibilities with due diligence, it must be incumbent upon the
management to ensure that members of the committee have full access to
financial data of the company, its subsidiary and associated companies,
including data on contingent liabilities, debt exposure, current
liabilities, loans and investments. By the fiscal year 1998-99, listed
companies with either a turnover of over Rs. 100 crore or a paid-up
capital of Rs. 20 crore, should have in place a strong internal audit
department, or an external auditor to carry out internal audits; without
this, any audit committee will be toothless.
The audit committee consists of four non-executive directors with Mr.
Deepak M. Satwalekar as chairman. The committee deals with accounting
matters, financial reporting and internal controls. The committee meets at
least twice a year and reviews the reports of the internal auditors and
the statutory auditors. The committee also monitors proposed changes in
the accounting policy, reviews the internal audit functions, and discusses
the accounting implications of major transactions. The committee members
have free access to information and employees across the company.
The system of internal financial control comprises those controls
established in order to provide reasonable assurance of:
a) The safety of assets against unauthorized use or disposition,
b) The maintenance of proper accounting records and the reliability of
financial information used within the business or for publication,
and
c) Internal controls and internal checks within the company.
Disclosures
Recommendation 9 - Under "Additional Shareholder's Information", listed
companies should give data on high and low monthly averages of share
prices in a major stock exchange where the company is listed for the
reporting year; greater detail on business segments, up to 10% of
turnover, giving share in sales revenue, review of operations, analysis of
markets and future prospects.
The information on high and low monthly averages of share prices in all
the stock exchanges where the company is listed is provided under
Shareholder information. The segmental information of revenue is provided
elsewhere in this report.
Recommendation 10 - Consolidation of group accounts should be optional and
subject to the financial institutions allowing companies to leverage on
the basis of the group's assets and the income tax department using the
group concept in assessing corporate income tax. If a company chooses to
voluntarily consolidate, it should not be necessary to annex the accounts
of its subsidiary companies under Section 212 of the Companies Act.
However, if a company consolidates, then the definition of "group" should
include the parent company and its subsidiaries (where the reporting
company owns over 50% of the voting stake)
Infosys has been providing consolidated financial statements under US
GAAP. Consolidated, unaudited financial statements under Indian GAAP are
being provided as additional information to shareholders. However,
effective November 1998, Infosys economic interest in Yantra under US GAAP
has dropped below 50% due to sale of part of its holding and consolidation
under US GAAP has ceased from such date.
Recommendation 11 - Major Indian Stock Exchanges should gradually insist
upon a compliance certificate, signed by the CEO and CFO which clearly
states that, the management is responsible for the preparation, integrity
and fair presentation of the financial statements and other information in
the annual report, and which also suggest that the company will continue
in business in the course of the following year; the accounting policies
and principles confirm to standard practice, and where they do not, full
disclosure has been made of any material departures; the board has
overseen the company's system of internal accounting and administrative
controls systems either directly or through its audit committee (for
companies with a turnover of Rs. 100 crore or paid-up capital of Rs. 20
crore).
The management statement on the integrity and fair presentation of the
financial statements is provided elsewhere in this report.
Recommendation 12 - For all companies with a paid-up capital of Rs. 20
crore or more, the quality and quantity of disclosure that accompanies a
GDR issue should be the norm for any domestic issue.
Financial information prepared in compliance with US GAAP is provided
elsewhere in this report. As a policy, the disclosure policies are as per
global standards.
<PAGE>
Capital market issues
Recommendation 13 - Government must allow far greater funding to the
corporate sector against the security of shares and other paper.
Not applicable.
Creditors' rights
Recommendation 14 - It would be desirable for financial institutions as
pure creditors to re-write their covenants to eliminate having nominee
directors except in the event of serious and systematic debt default and
in case of the debtor company not providing six-monthly or quarterly
operational data to the concerned financial institutions.
Not applicable.
Recommendation 15 - If any company goes to more than one credit rating
agency, then it must divulge in the prospectus and issue document, the
rating of all the agencies that did such an exercise. It is not enough to
state the ratings. These must be given in a tabular format that shows
where the company stands relative to higher and lower ranking. It makes
considerable difference to an investor to know whether the rating agency
or agencies placed the company in the top slots, or in the middle, or in
the bottom. It is essential that we look at the quantity and quality of
disclosures that accompany the issue of company bonds, debentures, and
fixed deposits in the USA and Britain - if only to learn what more can be
done to inspire confidence and create an environment of transparency.
Finally, companies that are making foreign debt issues cannot have two
sets of disclosure norms: an exhaustive one for the foreigners, and a
relatively minuscule one for Indian investors.
Not applicable.
Recommendation 16 - Companies that default on fixed deposits should not be
permitted to accept further deposits and make inter-corporate loans or
investments until the default is made good, and declare dividends until
the default is made good.
Not applicable.
Financial institutions and nominee directors
Recommendation 17 - Reduction in the number of companies where there are
nominee directors. It has been argued by Financial Institutions that there
are too many companies where they are on the board, and too few competent
officers to do the task properly. So, in the first instance, financial
institutions should take a policy decision to withdraw from boards of
companies where their individual shareholding is 5% or less, or total
financial institutions holding is under 10%.
Not applicable.
2. Compliance with the Cadbury Committee recommendations
The Cadbury Committee was set up in May 1991 in the United Kingdom. The
stated objective of the committee was "to help raise the standards of
corporate governance and the level of confidence in financial reporting
and auditing by setting out clearly what it sees as the respective
responsibilities of those involved and what it believes is expected of
them".
The Infosys management is committed to global levels of transparency and
disclosure. In pursuance of this, an attempt has been made to provide
voluntarily, hereunder, the information as required under the
recommendations of the Cadbury Committee on corporate governance. The
management informs the shareholders that Infosys is not, as yet, legally
required to provide this information and that this is provided for
information purposes only.
Compliance
The Cadbury Committee on corporate governance has made nineteen
recommendations. The company complies with substantially all
recommendations except for the following:
1. The board should consist of a majority of non-executive directors -
currently, the company has six executive directors and four
non-executive directors.
The company has set up committees of the board to focus on substantive
issues in the form of the audit committee, the compensation committee and
the nominations committee. The reports of these committees are disclosed
in this chapter.
<PAGE>
Going concern
On the basis of current financial projections and facilities available,
the directors have a reasonable expectation that the company has adequate
resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future
and, accordingly, consider that it is appropriate to adopt the Going
Concern basis in preparing accounts.
Sd Sd
Bangalore Nandan M. Nilekani N. R. Narayana Murthy
April 9, 1999 Managing Director, President Chairman
and Chief Operating Officer and Chief Executive Officer
<PAGE>
Report of the committees of the board
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Compensation committee
The compensation committee of the board consists of:
Mr. Susim M. Datta, Chairman
Mr. Deepak M. Satwalekar
Mr. Ramesh Vangal
The compensation committee met four times during the year.
Compensation policy
The overall policy of the committee is to institute such compensation and
benefits for board members, as well as for the members of the management
council, which reward performance as per set criteria. Periodic evaluation of
the performance decides the variable component of the compensation.
Salaries
The committee reviewed and approved the compensation payable to the executive
directors of the company within the overall limits approved by the shareholders.
The information on compensation and other benefits provided to executive
directors is disclosed elsewhere in the report. The committee also reviewed the
compensation proposed for all the management council members of the company. The
committee believes that the proposed compensation and benefits along with stock
options is adequate to motivate and retain senior officers of the company.
Stock option scheme
Executive directors (excluding the founders) and the management council members
are eligible for stock options issued by the company. A statement of stock
options issued to management council members in the last fiscal, is given below:
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Options linked to ADSs* Option on equity shares**
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Average No. of Average No. of
exercise options exercise options
price($) price(Rs.)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Jan DeSmet 34 40,000 -- --
Phaneesh Murthy 34 40,000 -- --
Balasubramanian P. Dr. 34 3,000 100 3,500
Hema Ravichandar 34 3,000 100 32,000
Mohandas Pai T. V 34 3,000 100 3,500
Prabhu M. S. S. Dr. 34 3,000 100 3,500
Raghupathi G. Bhandi 34 3,000 100 2,500
Rajiv Kuchhal 34 3,000 100 2,500
Srinath Batni 34 3,000 100 3,200
Vasudeva Rao L 34 3,000 100 3,000
Yegneshwar S. Dr. 34 3,000 100 1,500
Girish Vaidya -- -- 100 8,000
Raghavan S -- -- 100 2,000
Ajay Dubey -- -- 100 1,300
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
107,000 66,500
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Options vesting period - March 2000-March 2003
** Options vesting date - Five years from date of grant
<PAGE>
Independent directors
Independent directors are paid compensation not exceeding the limit specified by
statute and based on the approval of the members of the company. Of the
compensation payable for the year, 60% is paid pro rata and the balance 40% is
paid in proportion to the board/committee meetings attended. This is to
compensate the independent directors for the time spent and also for the
responsibilities undertaken. The table, below, discloses the compensation
payable to independent directors.
Rs. in lakhs
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pro rata Compensation
Name compensation payable on Total
attendance
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Susim M. Datta 3.60 3.00 6.60
Deepak M. Satwalekar 3.60 3.60 7.20
Ramesh Vangal 3.60 1.00 4.60
Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam 3.60 2.00 5.60
================================================================================
Total 14.40 9.60 24.00
================================================================================
Save as disclosed, none of the directors had a material beneficial interest in
any contract of significance to which the company or any of its subsidiary
undertakings was a party, during the financial year.
Sd
April 9, 1999 Susim M. Datta
Chairman, Compensation Committee
2. Nominations committee
The nominations committee of the board consists of:
Mr. Susim M. Datta, Chairman
Mr. Deepak M. Satwalekar
Mr. Ramesh Vangal
Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam
The nominations committee met twice during the year
The committee discussed the request of Mr. N. R. Narayana Murthy for the
appointment of a managing director, president and COO to handle the day-to-day
operations of the company so that he could concentrate on strategic issues.
After an appraisal of various options and the request of Mr. N. S. Raghavan that
a younger candidate be considered, the committee recommended the appointment of
Mr. Nandan M. Nilekani as the managing director, president and COO. The
shareholders were informed by way of a statutory notice of such appointments.
The committee considered the issue of the retirement of members of the board as
per statute. As one third of the members have to retire every year based on the
date of appointment, Mr. N. S. Raghavan, Mr. S. Gopalakrishnan and Mr. S. D.
Shibulal will retire. The committee considered their performance and recommended
that they be considered for re-appointment by the shareholders.
The committee considered expansion of the board and decided against the
induction of any other member.
Sd
April 9, 1999 Susim M. Datta
Chairman, Nominations Committee
<PAGE>
3. Audit committee
The audit committee of the board consists of:
Mr. Deepak M. Satwalekar, Chairman
Mr. Susim M. Datta
Mr. Ramesh Vangal
Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam
The audit committee met twice during the year.
The audit committee is responsible for effective supervision of the financial
reporting process, ensuring financial and accounting controls, and ensuring
compliance with financial policies of the company. The committee periodically
interacts with the statutory auditors and the internal auditors to ascertain the
quality and veracity of the company's transactions; to review the manner in
which they are performing their responsibilities; and to discuss auditing,
internal control and financial reporting issues. The committee provides the
overall direction on the risk management policies including the focus of
internal and management audits. The committee has full access to financial data
and to members of the company's staff.
The committee reviews the annual and half yearly financial statements
before they are submitted to the board. The committee also monitors proposed
changes in the accounting policy, reviews the internal audit functions and
discusses the accounting implications of major transactions.
Financial controls
The system of internal financial control comprises those controls established in
order to provide reasonable assurance of:
a) The safety of assets against unauthorized use or disposition
b) The maintenance of proper accounting records and the reliability of
financial information used within the business or for publication, and
c) Internal controls and internal checks within the company.
The system of internal audit and statutory audit is designed to bring out any
material weaknesses in the internal control systems of the organization, and to
ensure that the accounts of the company are properly maintained and the
transactions are in accordance with prevailing laws and regulations. While
acknowledging their responsibility for the system of internal financial control,
the directors are aware that such a system cannot provide an absolute assurance
against material misstatement or loss.
The key elements of this system are:
1. The "Quality charter of the company" - a statement of corporate values
distributed to every employee of the company.
2. The organization chart.
3. Corporate policies for financial reporting, accounting, risk management,
corporate governance, and security and confidentiality of information
belonging to the company and to its clients.
4. Annual budgets and long-term business plans for all operating units,
identifying key risks and opportunities.
5. Monitoring performance against plans and budgets, and reporting thereon on
a monthly basis.
6. The internal auditor who reviews key business processes and controls.
7. The audit committee which reviews audit plans and deals with significant
control issues raised by internal and external auditors.
Review by the audit committee
The committee reviewed the reports submitted by both the internal auditors as
well as the statutory auditors of the company. The committee also reviewed the
action taken on various items discussed in the previous audit committee meeting.
The committee reviewed the internal controls to ensure that the accounts of the
company are properly maintained and that the transactions are in accordance with
prevailing laws and regulations.
The committee found no material discrepancy or weakness in the internal control
systems of the company.
Sd
April 9, 1999 Deepak M. Satwalekar
Chairman, Audit Committee
<PAGE>
Management statement
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The financial statements are in full conformity with the requirements of the
Companies Act, 1956 and the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in
India. The management of Infosys accepts responsibility for the integrity and
objectivity of these financial statements as well as for estimates and
judgements relating to matters not concluded by the year end. The management
believes that the financial statements reflect fairly the form and substance of
transactions and reasonably present the company's financial condition, and
results of operations. To ensure this, the company has installed a system of
internal controls which is reviewed, evaluated and updated on an ongoing basis.
Our internal auditors have conducted periodic audits to provide reasonable
assurance that the established policies and procedures of the company have been
followed. However, there are inherent limitations that should be recognized in
weighing the assurances provided by any system of internal controls.
The financial statements have been audited by Bharat S Raut & Co., Chartered
Accountants, the independent auditors.
The audit committee, at Infosys, meets periodically with the board of directors,
the internal auditors and the independent auditors to review the manner in which
they are performing their responsibilities, and to discuss auditing, internal
controls and financial reporting issues. To ensure complete independence, the
independent auditors and the internal auditors have full and free access to the
members of the audit committee to discuss any matter of substance.
The audit committee for 1998-99 was:
Deepak M. Satwalekar, Chairman
Susim M. Datta
Ramesh Vangal
Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam
Sd Sd
Bangalore T. V. Mohandas Pai Nandan M. Nilekani
April 9, 1999 Senior Vice President Managing Director, President
(Finance & Administration) and Chief Operating Officer
Sd
N. R. Narayana Murthy
Chairman
and Chief Executive Officer
<PAGE>
Auditors' report
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
To
The Members,
Infosys Technologies Limited
We have audited the attached Balance Sheet of Infosys Technologies Limited (the
Company) as at March 31, 1999 and the Profit and Loss Account of the company for
the year ended on that date, annexed thereto, and report that:
1. As required by the Manufacturing and Other Companies (Auditor's Report)
Order, 1988 issued by the Company Law Board in terms of Section 227 (4A)
of the Companies Act, 1956, we enclose in the Annexure a statement on the
matters specified in paragraphs 4 and 5 of the said Order.
2. Further to our comments in the Annexure referred to in paragraph (1)
above:
(a) we have obtained all the information and explanations which to the
best of our knowledge and belief were necessary for the purpose of
our audit;
(b) in our opinion, proper books of account as required by law have been
kept by the company so far as appears from our examination of these
books;
(c) the Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account dealt with by this
report are in agreement with the books of account;
(d) in our opinion, the Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account dealt
with by this report have been prepared in compliance with the
accounting standards referred to in subsection (3C) of Section 211
of the Companies Act, 1956, to the extent applicable;
(e) in our opinion and to the best of our information and according to
the explanations given to us, the said accounts give the information
required by the Companies Act, 1956, in the manner so required and
give a true and fair view:
(i) in the case of the Balance Sheet, of the state of affairs of
the company as at March 31, 1999; and
(ii) in the case of the Profit and Loss Account, of the profit for
the year ended on that date.
3. We have also examined the attached Cash Flow Statement of the company for
the year ended March 31, 1999.
The Statement has been prepared by the company in accordance with the
requirements of Clause 32 of the listing agreements entered into with the
Stock Exchanges.
for Bharat S Raut & Co.
Chartered Accountants
Sd
Bangalore Ravi Ramu
April 9, 1999 Partner
<PAGE>
Annexure to the Auditors' report
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Annexure referred to in paragraph 1 of the auditors' report to the members
of Infosys Technologies Limited (the company) for the year ended March 31, 1999.
We report that:
Internal controls
1. In our opinion and according to the information and explanations given to
us, having regard to the explanations that certain items purchased are of
a special nature in respect of which suitable alternative sources do not
exist for obtaining comparative quotations, there are adequate internal
control procedures commensurate with the size of the company and the
nature of its business for the purchase of computer hardware and software,
consumables, plant and machinery, equipment and other assets. The
activities of the company during the year did not involve the sale of
goods.
2. In our opinion and according to the information and explanations given to
us, in respect of the service activities, the company, commensurate with
the size and the nature of its business, has a reasonable system of:
o recording receipts, issues and consumption of materials and
allocating materials consumed to each project;
o allocating man-hours utilized to each project; and
o authorization and control over the allocation of labour costs to
each project.
3. In our opinion, the company has an internal audit system, commensurate
with its size and the nature of its business.
Fixed assets
4. The company has maintained proper records of fixed assets showing full
particulars, including quantitative details and location. The company has
a regular programme of physical verification of its fixed assets which, in
our opinion, is reasonable having regard to the size of the company and
the nature of its assets. In accordance with this programme, certain fixed
assets have been physically verified by Management during the year and no
material discrepancies have been identified on such verification.
5. None of the fixed assets have been revalued during the year.
Inventories
6. The company has not maintained any inventories during the year and
consequently, paragraphs 4(A)(iii) to 4(A)(vi), 4(A)(xii), 4(A)(xiv),
4(A)(xvi) and 4(C)(ii) of the Manufacturing and Other Companies (Auditor's
Report) Order, 1988, are not applicable in relation to its activities.
Loans and advances
7. The parties to whom loans or advances in the nature of loans have been
given by the company are regular in repaying the principal amounts as
stipulated and interest where applicable. In a case where the repayments
have not been as stipulated, Management has taken adequate follow-up
action.
8. The company has not taken any loans, secured or unsecured from companies,
firms, or other parties listed in the register maintained under Section
301 of the Companies Act, 1956, or from companies under the same
management as defined under Section 370(1B) of the Companies Act, 1956,
the rate of interest and other terms and conditions of which are, prima
facie, prejudicial to the interest of the company.
9. The company has not granted any loans, secured or unsecured to companies,
firms, or other parties listed in the register maintained under Section
301 of the Companies Act, 1956, or to companies under the same management
as defined under Section 370(1B) of the Companies Act, 1956, the rate of
interest and other terms and conditions of which are, prima facie,
prejudicial to the interest of the company.
Related parties
10. In our opinion, and according to the information and explanations given to
us, the transactions for the purchase of goods and materials and sale of
goods, materials and services, made in pursuance of contracts or
arrangements
<PAGE>
entered in the register maintained under Section 301 of the Companies Act,
1956 and aggregating during the year to Rs. 50,000 or more in respect of
each party, have been made at prices which are reasonable having regard to
prevailing market prices as available with the company for such goods,
materials or services or the prices at which transactions for similar
goods, materials or services have been made with the other parties.
Fixed deposits
11. The company has not accepted any deposits from the public and consequently
the provisions of Section 58A of the Companies Act, 1956, and the rules
framed thereunder are not applicable.
Staff welfare
12. Provident Fund and Employees' State Insurance dues have been regularly
deposited during the year with the appropriate authorities.
13. On the basis of the examination of the books of account carried out by us
in accordance with generally accepted auditing practices and according to
the information and explanations given to us, no personal expenses of
employees or directors have been charged to the profit and loss account,
other than those payable under contractual obligations or in accordance
with generally accepted business practice.
Taxation
14. According to the information and explanations given to us, there are no
undisputed amounts payable in respect of income tax, wealth tax, sales
tax, customs duty and excise duty which are outstanding as at March 31,
1999 for a period of more than six months from the date that they became
payable.
Others
15. The company is not a sick industrial company within the meaning of Section
3(1)(o) of the Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Act, 1985.
for Bharat S Raut & Co.
Chartered Accountants
Sd
Bangalore Ravi Ramu
April 9, 1999 Partner
<PAGE>
Balance Sheet as at March 31
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
in Rs.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Schedule 1999 1998
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SOURCES OF FUNDS
SHAREHOLDERS' FUNDS
Share capital 1 33,06,95,500 16,01,73,500
Reserves and surplus 2 541,36,15,748 156,93,99,419
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
574,43,11,248 172,95,72,919
================================================================================
APPLICATION OF FUNDS
FIXED ASSETS 3
Gross block 168,92,38,345 105,13,90,563
Less : Depreciation 83,09,14,934 47,50,66,754
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net block 85,83,23,411 57,63,23,809
Add : Capital work-in-progress 14,88,35,800 7,32,13,272
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
100,71,59,211 64,95,37,081
INVESTMENTS 4 75,48,469 10,77,71,960
CURRENT ASSETS, LOANS AND ADVANCES
Sundry debtors 5 84,51,88,425 39,88,48,667
Cash and bank balances 6 405,04,82,999 43,86,55,723
Loans and advances 7 68,35,96,522 39,18,00,686
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
557,92,67,946 122,93,05,076
Less : Current liabilities 8 42,83,42,481 11,20,36,854
Provisions 9 42,13,21,897 14,50,04,344
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NET CURRENT ASSETS 472,96,03,568 97,22,63,878
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
574,43,11,248 172,95,72,919
================================================================================
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND
NOTES ON ACCOUNTS 13
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Schedules referred to above and the notes thereon form an integral part of
the Balance Sheet.
This is the Balance Sheet
referred to in our report
of even date.
for Bharat S Raut & Co.
Chartered Accountants
Ravi Ramu N. R. Narayana Murthy Nandan M. Nilekani
Partner Chairman and Managing Director, President
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer
Ramesh Vangal Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam
Director Director
Bangalore K. Dinesh S. D. Shibulal
April 9, 1999 Director Director
Susim M. Datta Deepak M. Satwalekar
Director Director
N. S. Raghavan S. Gopalakrishnan
Jt. Managing Director Dy. Managing Director
T. V. Mohandas Pai V. Viswanathan
Senior Vice President Company Secretary
(Finance & Administration)
<PAGE>
Profit and Loss Account for the year ended March 31
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
in Rs.
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Schedule 1999 1998
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
INCOME
Software development services and products
Overseas 500,25,40,418 250,93,75,443
Domestic 8,63,71,250 6,70,33,205
Sale of imported software packages -- 1,64,840
Other income 10 3,84,71,833 2,70,83,794
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
512,73,83,501 260,36,57,282
=================================================================================================
EXPENDITURE
Cost of imported software packages sold -- 1,30,429
Software development expenses 11 261,51,74,052 141,20,17,617
Administration and other expenses 12 45,75,30,137 30,53,93,818
Provision for contingencies 6,66,00,000 --
Provision for investment in subsidiary 7,05,95,674 --
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
320,98,99,863 171,75,41,864
Operating profit (PBIDT) 191,74,83,638 88,61,15,418
Interest -- --
Depreciation 35,89,30,078 22,74,82,339
Profit before tax 155,85,53,560 65,86,33,079
Provision for tax -- earlier year 4,32,00,000 1,50,50,000
-- current year 18,62,00,000 3,99,50,000
Profit after tax from ordinary activities 132,91,53,560 60,36,33,079
Extraordinary income (net of tax) 2,34,54,103 --
Net profit 135,26,07,663 60,36,33,079
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AMOUNT AVAILABLE FOR APPROPRIATION 135,26,07,663 60,36,33,079
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dividend
Interim 4,00,43,011 1,75,73,859
Final (proposed) 8,10,32,734 5,27,17,738
Dividend Tax 1,21,07,574 70,29,160
Amount transferred -- capital reserve 2,34,54,103 --
-- general reserve 119,59,70,241 52,63,12,322
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
135,26,07,663 60,36,33,079
=================================================================================================
</TABLE>
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND
NOTES ON ACCOUNTS 13
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Schedules referred to above and the notes thereon form an integral part of
the Profit and Loss Account.
This is the Profit and Loss
Account referred to inour
report of even date.
for Bharat S Raut & Co.
Chartered Accountants
Ravi Ramu N. R. Narayana Murthy Nandan M. Nilekani
Partner Chairman and Managing Director, President
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer
Ramesh Vangal Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam
Director Director
Bangalore K. Dinesh S. D. Shibulal
April 9, 1999 Director Director
Susim M. Datta Deepak M. Satwalekar
Director Director
N. S. Raghavan S. Gopalakrishnan
Jt. Managing Director Dy. Managing Director
T. V. Mohandas Pai V. Viswanathan
Senior Vice President Company Secretary
(Finance & Administration)
<PAGE>
Schedules to the Balance Sheet as at March 31
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
in Rs.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
1. SHARE CAPITAL
AUTHORIZED
5,00,00,000 (3,00,00,000) equity shares of Rs. 10 each 50,00,00,000 30,00,00,000
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ISSUED, SUBSCRIBED AND PAID UP
3,30,69,400 (1,60,17,200)
equity shares of Rs. 10 each fully paid up 33,06,94,000 16,01,72,000
[Of the above, 2,89,44,100 (1,29,26,900) equity shares of Rs. 10 each
fully paid up have been issued as bonus shares by
capitalization of general reserve]
Add : Forfeited shares 1,500 1,500
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
33,06,95,500 16,01,73,500
====================================================================================================================
2. RESERVES AND SURPLUS
Capital reserve as at April 1, 1998 3,59,00,000 3,59,00,000
Add : Transferred from Profit and loss account 2,34,54,103 --
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5,93,54,103 3,59,00,000
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Share premium account as at April 1, 1998 41,49,51,460 34,75,41,460
Add : Received during the year
On conversion of warrants -- 6,74,10,000
On issue of American Depositary Shares (ADS) 295,82,78,400 --
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
337,32,29,860 41,49,51,460
Less : ADS issue expenses written off 17,33,14,415 --
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
319,99,15,445 41,49,51,460
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Investment allowance reserve (utilized) as at April 1, 1998 -- 6,65,000
Less : Transferred to general reserve -- 6,65,000
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
General reserve as at April 1, 1998 111,85,47,959 67,16,56,637
Less : Capitalized for issue of bonus shares 16,01,72,000 8,00,86,000
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
95,83,75,959 59,15,70,637
Add : Transferred during the year from
investment allowance reserve (utilized) -- 6,65,000
Transferred from Profit and Loss Account 119,59,70,241 52,63,12,322
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
215,43,46,200 111,85,47,959
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
541,36,15,748 156,93,99,419
====================================================================================================================
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
Schedules to the Balance Sheet as at March 31
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. FIXED ASSETS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
in Rs.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross block Depreciation
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Additions Deductions Cost
Cost as during During as at As at
Assets at 1.4.98 the year the year 31.3.99 1.4.98
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Land - free-hold 1,89,83,650 -- -- 1,89,83,650 --
Land - lease-hold 2,90,22,980 6,07,53,525 -- 8,97,76,505 --
Buildings 19,35,72,375 9,42,90,059 -- 28,78,62,434 1,13,62,346
Plant and machinery 19,56,27,346 11,52,37,182 57,656 31,08,06,872 7,13,00,057
Computer equipment 48,45,37,704 28,94,72,182 32,63,958 77,07,45,928 32,42,95,817
Furniture and fixtures 12,78,89,938 8,14,16,448 -- 20,93,06,386 6,78,28,663
Vehicles 17,56,570 -- -- 17,56,570 2,79,871
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 105,13,90,563 64,11,69,396 33,21,614 168,92,38,345 47,50,66,754
Previous year 71,29,16,621 34,13,26,052 28,52,110 105,13,90,563 25,02,44,587
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<CAPTION>
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Depreciation Net block
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For Deductions
the during As at As at As at
year the year 31.3.99 31.3.99 31.3.98
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Land - free-hold -- -- -- 1,89,83,650 1,89,83,650
Land - lease-hold -- -- -- 8,97,76,505 2,90,22,980
Buildings 1,20,60,428 -- 2,34,22,774 26,44,39,660 18,22,10,029
Plant and machinery 6,91,43,525 30,103 14,04,13,479 17,03,93,393 12,43,27,289
Computer equipment 19,38,87,312 30,51,795 51,51,31,334 25,56,14,594 16,02,41,887
Furniture and fixtures 8,32,08,343 -- 15,10,37,006 5,82,69,380 6,00,61,275
Vehicles 6,30,470 -- 9,10,341 8,46,229 14,76,699
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 35,89,30,078 30,81,898 83,09,14,934 85,83,23,411 57,63,23,809
Previous year 22,74,82,339 26,60,172 47,50,66,754 57,63,23,809
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
Note: Buildings include Rs. 250 being the value of 5 shares of Rs. 50 each in
Mittal Towers Premises Co-operative Society Ltd.
<PAGE>
Schedules to the Balance Sheet as at March 31
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
in Rs.
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. INVESTMENTS
TRADE (UNQUOTED) - at cost No. of shares
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Long- term investments
Yantra Corporation, a subsidiary company
incorporated in the USA
Common stock at US$ 0.20 each, 75,00,000 5,32,51,600 5,32,51,600
fully paid, par value US$ 0.01 each
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
at US$ 0.75 each, fully paid,
par value US$ 0.01 each 6,36,363 1,73,44,074 5,45,10,000
(previous year
20,00,000)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7,05,95,674 10,77,61,600
Less : Provision for investment in subsidiary 7,05,95,674 --
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- 10,77,61,600
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
JASDIC Park Company 480 75,38,109 --
(common stock at Yen 50,000 each, fully paid up)
Software Services Support Education Center Limited 1 10 10
(Equity shares of Rs. 10 each fully paid up)
The Saraswat Co-operative Bank Limited
(Equity shares of Rs. 10 each fully paid up) 1,035 10,350 10,350
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
75,48,469 10,77,71,960
=======================================================================================================
Aggregate of unquoted investments - carrying value / cost 75,48,469 10,77,71,960
5. SUNDRY DEBTORS
Debts outstanding for a period exceeding six months
Unsecured
Considered good -- --
Considered doubtful 1,27,23,349 1,52,12,216
Other debts - unsecured, considered good * 84,51,88,425 39,88,48,667
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
85,79,11,774 41,40,60,883
Less: Provision for doubtful debts 1,27,23,349 1,52,12,216
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
84,51,88,425 39,88,48,667
=======================================================================================================
*Due by subsidiary - Yantra Corporation 1,06,80,297 62,89,036
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
Schedules to the Balance Sheet as at March 31
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
in Rs.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
6. CASH AND BANK BALANCES
Cash on hand 8,80,351 5,30,077
Balances with scheduled banks
in current accounts * 15,18,51,331 10,60,52,806
in deposit accounts in Indian rupees 12,41,56,133 42,06,643
certificates of deposit in Indian rupees -- 15,52,06,706
in deposit accounts in foreign currency 346,11,46,800 5,20,55,249
Balances with non-scheduled banks - in current accounts
ABN Amro Bank, Heerlen, Netherlands 19,06,318 10,72,838
Bank of America, Los Angeles, USA 7,09,257 3,53,326
Bank of America, Milpitas, USA 36,81,071 11,07,73,736
Bank of America, Palo Alto, USA 29,27,16,702 --
Bank of Boston, Boston, USA 18,01,647 45,81,111
Barclays Bank, London, UK 26,34,197 4,58,195
Deutsche Bank, Frankfurt, Germany 6,71,259 --
First Chicago Bank, Chicago, USA 25,28,864 88,850
Hongkong Bank of Canada, Toronto, Canada 12,68,577 8,87,116
Michigan National Bank, Detroit, USA 5,54,105 --
Nations Bank, Dallas, USA 11,25,702 5,98,598
Nations Bank, Georgia, USA 8,88,657 --
Seafirst Bank, Seattle, USA 5,19,580 --
Sanwa Bank, Tokyo, Japan 9,07,608 43,845
Summit Bank, Bridgewater, USA 5,34,840 17,46,627
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
405,04,82,999 43,86,55,723
=======================================================================================
Maximum balance held during the year:
ABN Amro Bank, Heerlen, Netherlands 19,55,717 28,77,014
Bank of America, Los Angeles, USA 48,32,906 16,31,113
Bank of America, Milpitas, USA 27,81,50,845 14,99,74,560
Bank of America, Palo Alto, USA 34,45,46,960 --
Bank of Boston, Boston, USA 56,13,937 5,50,09,836
Barclays Bank, London, UK 60,22,293 24,05,326
Deutsche Bank, Frankfurt, Germany 8,81,045 --
First Chicago Bank, Chicago, USA 25,42,183 24,23,279
Hongkong Bank of Canada, Toronto, Canada 19,90,796 8,87,116
Michigan National Bank, Detroit, USA 10,01,950 --
Nations Bank, Dallas, USA 14,58,595 12,94,793
Nations Bank, Georgia, USA 11,31,832 --
Seafirst Bank, Seattle, USA 6,97,458 --
Sanwa Bank, Tokyo, Japan 18,47,164 13,28,328
Summit Bank, Bridgewater, USA 37,29,977 17,96,076
</TABLE>
* Includes Rs. 12,98,113 (previous year Rs. 11,66,513) being the
balance in the unclaimed dividend account.
<PAGE>
Schedules to the Balance Sheet as at March 31
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
in Rs.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
7. LOANS AND ADVANCES
Unsecured, considered good
Advances recoverable in cash or
in kind or for value to be received 8,93,38,338 5,21,21,294
Advance income tax 19,10,80,222 9,59,04,567
Loans and advances to employees * 21,82,98,877 7,54,56,651
Other advances 96,29,958 4,16,88,775
Rent and maintenance deposits 5,91,41,182 5,38,65,413
Deposits with Financial Institution / body corporate 11,61,07,945 7,27,63,986
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
68,35,96,522 39,18,00,686
Unsecured, considered doubtful
Deposit with company 1,19,02,331 70,10,039
Loans and advances to employees 4,01,814 --
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
69,59,00,667 39,88,10,725
Less : Provision for doubtful loans and advances 1,23,04,145 70,10,039
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
68,35,96,522 39,18,00,686
=====================================================================================================================
* Due by non-director officers of the company 1,11,95,272 89,71,524
Maximum amount due at any time during the year 1,60,70,546 1,07,49,219
8. CURRENT LIABILITIES
Sundry creditors
for goods 31,73,360 39,38,682
for accrued salaries and benefits 13,13,31,791 6,23,37,905
for other liabilities 9,79,73,278 3,70,85,711
Advances received from clients 7,80,446 50,56,601
Deferred revenue 94,94,534 24,51,442
Unearned Revenue 18,42,90,959 --
Unclaimed dividend 12,98,113 11,66,513
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
42,83,42,481 11,20,36,854
=====================================================================================================================
9. PROVISIONS
Provision for taxation 23,94,60,761 7,99,76,791
Proposed dividend 8,10,32,734 5,27,17,738
Provision for contingencies 6,66,00,000 --
Provision for post-sales client support 3,42,28,402 1,23,09,815
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
42,13,21,897 14,50,04,344
=====================================================================================================================
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
Schedules to the Profit and Loss Account for the year ended March 31
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
in Rs.
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
10. OTHER INCOME
Interest received on deposits with banks and others 3,67,00,927 1,58,69,826
Tax deducted at source Rs. 21,21,726 (Rs. 17,60,067)
Profit on sale of assets -- 1,09,159
Sale of special import licenses -- 1,01,26,872
Miscellaneous income 17,70,906 9,77,937
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3,84,71,833 2,70,83,794
======================================================================================================================
11. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES
Salaries and bonus including overseas staff expenses 151,56,56,923 87,45,07,472
Staff welfare 3,06,17,200 2,37,53,531
Contribution to provident and other funds 11,42,90,209 3,90,03,595
Foreign tour and travel 58,11,20,975 25,21,33,000
Consumables 1,06,44,207 58,70,353
Cost of software packages
for own use 14,86,91,737 8,74,93,506
for domestic software development 1,78,19,890 1,98,37,506
Provision for post-sales client support 2,19,18,587 1,23,09,815
Computer maintenance 3,29,08,467 1,53,49,718
Communication expenses 9,59,08,515 5,74,16,558
Consultancy charges 4,55,97,342 2,43,42,563
======================================================================================================================
261,51,74,052 141,20,17,617
======================================================================================================================
12. ADMINISTRATION AND OTHER EXPENSES
Travelling and conveyance 4,15,37,200 2,96,75,343
Rent 7,44,54,587 5,35,80,219
Telephone charges 5,15,34,846 3,37,04,179
Legal and professional charges 5,37,56,388 2,67,63,969
Printing and stationery 1,76,34,923 1,13,49,709
Advertisements 76,84,502 1,15,01,922
Office maintenance 2,95,44,190 2,76,24,915
Repairs to building 1,08,24,460 65,00,864
Repairs to plant and machinery 86,47,678 45,54,587
Power and fuel 2,73,37,769 1,67,48,311
Insurance charges 1,28,78,968 43,57,933
Rates and taxes 1,16,79,290 1,11,51,246
Donations 1,49,82,357 52,34,364
Auditors' remuneration - audit fees 14,35,000 9,00,000
- certification charges 2,00,000 --
- other services 8,00,000 --
- out-of-pocket expenses 1,50,000 30,000
Provision for bad and doubtful debts (13,06,919) 1,52,12,216
Provision for doubtful loans and advances 52,94,106 70,10,039
Bank charges and commission 38,95,031 29,27,262
Commission charges 7,40,413 10,58,955
Obsolete stock written off - 2,26,729
Miscellaneous expenses 5,29,25,348 3,52,81,056
Research grants 3,09,00,000 --
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
45,75,30,137 30,53,93,818
======================================================================================================================
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
Schedules to the Balance sheet and Profit and loss account
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND NOTES ON ACCOUNTS
13.1 Significant accounting policies
13.1.1 Basis for preparation of financial statements
The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost
convention, in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles (GAAP) and the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956, as
adopted consistently by the company. All income and expenditure having a
material bearing on the financial statements are recognized on the accrual
basis.
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with the GAAP
requires that the management make estimates and assumptions that affect
the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of
contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial
statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the
reporting period. Examples of such estimates include, estimates of
expected contract costs to be incurred to complete software development,
provision for doubtful debts, future obligations under employee retirement
benefit plans and the useful lives of fixed assets. Actual results could
differ from those estimates.
13.1.2 Revenue recognition
Revenue from software development on a time-and-material basis is
recognized based on software developed and billed to clients as per the
terms of specific contracts. In the case of fixed-price contracts, revenue
is recognized based on the milestones achieved as specified in the
contracts, on the percentage of completion basis. Revenue from the sale of
software products is recognized when the sale has been completed with the
passing of title. Revenues from Annual Technical Services (ATS) is
recognized on a pro rata basis over the period in which such services are
rendered. Interest on deployment of surplus funds is recognized using the
time-proportion method, based on interest rates implicit in the
transaction. Dividend income is recognized when the right to receive
dividend is established. Revenue from the sale of Special Import Licences
is recognized when the licences are actually sold.
13.1.3 Expenditure
Expenses are accounted on the accrual basis and provisions are made for
all known losses and liabilities. Provisions are made for future
unforeseeable factors which may affect the ultimate profit on fixed-price
software development contracts. The cost of software purchased for use in
software development and services is charged to revenue in the same year.
The leave encashment liability of the company is provided on the basis of
actuarial valuation. Provisions are made towards likely expenses on
providing post-sales client support for fixed-price contracts.
13.1.4 Fixed assets
Fixed assets are stated at the cost of acquisition, less accumulated
depreciation. Direct costs are capitalized till the assets are ready to be
put to use. These costs include financing costs relating to specific
borrowing(s) attributable to fixed assets.
13.1.5 Capital work-in-progress
Advances paid towards the acquisition of fixed assets, and the cost of
assets not put to use before the year-end, are disclosed under capital
work-in-progress.
13.1.6 Depreciation
Depreciation on fixed assets is provided using the straight-line method,
based on useful lives as estimated by the management. Depreciation is
charged on a pro rata basis for assets purchased / sold during the year.
Individual assets costing less than Rs. 5,000 are depreciated in full in
the year of purchase. The management's estimate of useful lives for the
various fixed assets is given below.
<PAGE>
Buildings 15 years
Plant and machinery 5 years
Computer equipment 2-5 years
Furniture and fixtures 5 years
Vehicles 5 years
13.1.7 Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of the historic cost and the net
realizable value. A periodic review is made of slow-moving stock, and
appropriate provisions are made for anticipated losses, if any. Cost is
determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.
13.1.8 Retirement benefits to employees
13.1.8a Gratuity
In accordance with the Indian law, the company provides for gratuity, a
defined benefit retirement plan covering all employees. The plan provides
a lump sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death or termination
of employment, based on the respective employee's salary, and the years of
employment with the company.
The company has established the Infosys Technologies Limited Employees'
Group Gratuity Fund Trust (the Trust). Liabilities with regard to the
gratuity plan are determined by actuarial valuation, based upon which, the
company makes contributions to the Trust. Trustees administer the
contributions made to the Trust. The funds contributed to the Trust are
invested in specific designated securities as mandated by law, and
generally comprise central and state government bonds, and debt
instruments of government-owned corporations.
13.1.8b Superannuation
Apart from being covered under the gratuity plan described above, the
senior officers of the company are also participants of a defined
contribution benefit plan. The plan is termed the superannuation plan to
which the company makes monthly contributions, based on a specified
percentage of each covered employee's salary. The company has no further
obligations under the plan beyond its monthly contributions.
13.1.8c Provident fund
In addition to the above benefits, all employees receive benefits from a
provident fund which is a defined contribution plan. Both the employee and
the employer make monthly contributions to the plan equal to 12% of the
covered employee's salary.
The company has established a Provident Fund Trust to which a part of the
contributions are made each month. The remainder of the contributions are
made to the Government's provident fund. The company has no further
obligations under the plan beyond its monthly contributions.
13.1.9 Research and development
Capital and revenue expenditure incurred on research and development is
charged off to revenue in the same year in which such expenditure is
incurred.
13.1.10 Foreign currency transactions
Sales made to clients outside India and realizations deposited into
foreign currency bank accounts are accounted for on the basis of the
exchange rate as on the date of the transaction. Adjustments are made for
any variations in the sale proceeds on conversion into Indian currency
upon actual receipt. Expenditure in foreign currency is accounted at the
exchange rate prevalent when such expenditure is incurred. Disbursements
made out of foreign currency bank accounts are reported at a rate that
approximates the actual monthly rate. Fixed assets purchased at overseas
offices are accounted for on the basis of the actual cost incurred at the
exchange rate prevalent at the time of purchase. Depreciation is charged
as per company policy. Exchange differences arising on foreign currency
transactions are recognized as income or expense in the year in which they
arise.
Current assets and current liabilities denominated in foreign currency are
translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date of the balance
sheet. The resulting difference is accounted for in the profit and loss
account. In the case of forward contracts, the difference between the
forward rate and the exchange rate on the date of the transaction is
recognized as income or expense over the life of the contract.
<PAGE>
13.1.11 Investments
Investments are classified into current investments and long-term
investments. Current investments are carried at the lower of the cost and
the fair value, and provision is made to recognize any decline in the
carrying value. Long-term investments are carried at cost, and provision
is made to recognize any decline, other than temporary, in the value of
such investment. Overseas investments are carried at their original rupee
cost.
13.1.12 Investment in subsidiary
The investment in the subsidiary is accounted on the cost method, whereby,
the company recognizes only dividends received from the subsidiary as
income. In case of losses made by the subsidiary, other than temporary,
adequate provision is made to recognize any decline in the value of the
investment.
13.1.13 Income tax
Provision is made for income tax on a yearly basis, under the tax-payable
method, based on the tax liability as computed after taking credit for
allowances and exemptions. In case of matters under appeal, due to
disallowances or otherwise, full provision is made when the said
liabilities are accepted by the company.
13.2 Notes on accounts
The previous year's figures have been recast / restated, wherever
necessary, to conform to the current year's classification.
13.2.1 Contingent liabilities
a. The estimated amount of contracts remaining to be executed on
capital account, and not provided for (net of advance) is Rs.
24,90,40,333. The amount of such contracts as at the previous
year-end was Rs. 10,95,12,576.
b. The company has outstanding counter guarantees of Rs. 3,20,40,263 as
at March 31, 1999, to various banks, in respect of guarantees given
by the said banks in favor of various government authorities. The
counter guarantees outstanding, as at the previous year-end, were
Rs. 1,73,09,161.
c. Claims against the company, not acknowledged as debts, amounted to
Rs. 17,91,814 as at March 31, 1999. Such claims for the previous
year-end were Rs. 25,17,576.
13.2.2 Quantitative details
The company is engaged in the development and maintenance of computer
software. The production and sale of such software cannot be expressed in
any generic unit. Hence, it is not possible to give the quantitative
details of sales and the information as required under paragraphs 3, 4C
and 4D of part II of Schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956.
13.2.3 Managerial remuneration paid to the chairman, managing director and
whole-time directors
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
in Rs.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Salary 38,95,200 28,92,000
Contribution to Provident Fund and other funds 12,39,120 9,19,944
Perquisites 36,92,197 22,50,981
</TABLE>
13.2.4 Managerial remuneration paid to non-whole-time directors
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Commission 24,00,000 9,00,000
Sitting fees 58,000 22,000
Reimbursement of expenses 7,58,645 1,74,138
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
13.2.5 Computation of net profit in accordance with Section 349 of the
Companies Act, 1956, and calculation of commission payable to
non-whole-time directors
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
in Rs.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Profit after tax from ordinary activities 132,91,53,560 60,36,33,079
Add :
Whole-time directors' remuneration (including perquisites) 88,26,517 60,62,925
Directors' sitting fees 58,000 22,000
Commission to non-whole-time directors 24,00,000 9,00,000
Depreciation as per the accounts 35,89,30,078 22,74,82,339
Provision for investment in subsidiary 7,05,95,674 -
Provision for taxation 22,94,00,000 5,50,00,000
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
199,93,63,829 89,31,00,343
Less :
Depreciation as per Section 350 of the Companies Act, 1956 19,35,60,009 16,04,87,054
Profit on sale of fixed assets as per Profit and Loss Account -- 1,09,159
Loss on sale of fixed assets (net) as per Section 350
of the Companies Act, 1956 -- 4,05,438
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net profit on which commission is payable 180,58,03,820 73,20,98,692
Commission payable to non-whole-time directors
@ 0.50% per annum of net profit 90,29,019 17,34,974
Commission approved by the board 24,00,000 9,00,000
</TABLE>
13.2.6 Imports on CIF basis
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
in Rs.
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Capital goods 27,12,27,684 15,01,26,347
Software packages 2,69,36,735 4,52,03,814
</TABLE>
13.2.7 Expenditure in foreign currency
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
in Rs.
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Travel expenses 50,72,37,245 18,54,56,374
Professional charges 2,88,63,027 1,77,59,820
Other expenditure incurred overseas for software development 109,13,62,546 58,79,49,763
</TABLE>
13.2.8 Earnings in foreign exchange
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
in Rs.
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Income from software development
services and products on a receipts basis 475,29,01,875 226,03,94,056
Interest received on deposits with banks 2,14,60,480 8,35,309
</TABLE>
13.2.9 Particulars in respect of traded items (imported and other software
packages)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Qty. Value (Rs.) Qty. Value (Rs.)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Opening stock -- -- 118 4,10,878
Purchases -- -- -- --
Closing stock -- -- -- --
Turnover -- -- 118 4,10,878
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
13.2.10 Depreciation on assets costing less than Rs. 5,000 each
During the year, the company charged depreciation at one hundred percent in
respect of assets costing less than Rs. 5,000 each, amounting to Rs.
11,37,41,697. The corresponding figure for the previous year was Rs.
2,86,94,241.
13.2.11 Post-sales client support
With effect from July 1, 1997, the company commenced making a provision for
post-sales client support on fixed-price contracts. The provision for the
current year is Rs. 2,19,18,587. The corresponding figure for the previous year
was Rs. 1,23,09,815.
13.2.12 Depreciation
With effect from October 1, 1998, the company revised the estimates of useful
lives of buildings (software centers and others) from 28 years / 58 years to 15
years. Due to this change, depreciation for the current year is higher by Rs.
42,23,419. As a result, the profit for the current year is lower by Rs.
42,23,419 on a comparative basis.
13.2.13 Annual Technical Services (ATS)
With effect from July 1, 1997, the company accounts for revenue from ATS on a
pro rata basis over the period in which such services are rendered.
Consequently, an amount of Rs. 94,94,534, forming the ATS for the current year,
has been deferred and will be recognized in future. The corresponding figure for
the previous year was Rs. 24,51,442.
13.2.14 Exchange differences
Income from overseas software development services and products includes net
realized and unrealized exchange gains of Rs. 2,77,93,084. The corresponding
figure for the previous year was Rs. 3,43,20,847.
13.2.15 Research and development expenditure
Research and development expenses charged to the Profit and Loss Account on both
capital and revenue accounts amount to Rs. 9,81,06,490 (previous year - Rs.
7,79,72,734). This includes Rs. 30,30,000 being the depreciation charged at 100%
in respect of R & D assets acquired during the year (previous year - Rs.
3,93,85,138).
13.2.16 Investment in subsidiary
During the year, the company sold a part of its holding of preferred stock in
Yantra Corporation resulting in an extraordinary income of Rs. 2,34,54,103 net
of tax (gross Rs. 2,62,54,103). The company also made a provision for its
investment in Yantra Corporation of Rs. 7,05,95,674 as the losses of Yantra
Corporation exceeded the company's contribution to its capital.
13.2.17 Provision for contingencies
The company has instituted a contingency plan to meet any possible disruption in
client support due to the Y2K impact on the technology and communication
infrastructure provided to the company by vendors. The company had made a
provision of Rs. 6,66,00,000 during the year towards such a contingency plan.
13.2.18 Unearned revenue
Unearned revenue as of March 31, 1999 consists primarily of advance client
billings on fixed-price, fixed-time-frame contracts for which related costs were
not yet incurred.
13.2.19 Dues to Small-Scale Industrial undertakings
As of March 31, 1999, the company had no outstanding dues to small-scale
industrial undertakings.
<PAGE>
Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of
operations
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Overview
The financial statements have been prepared in compliance with the requirements
of the Companies Act, 1956, and the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
(GAAP) in India. The management of Infosys accepts responsibility for the
integrity and objectivity of these financial statements, as well as for various
estimates and judgements used therein. In addition to the historical information
contained herein, the following discussion includes forward-looking statements
which involve risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, risks
inherent in the company's growth strategy, dependence on certain clients,
dependence on availability of qualified technical consultants and other factors
discussed in this report.
A Financial condition
1. Share capital
The company has, at present, only one class of shares. During the year
10,35,000 shares (equivalent to 20,70,000 ADSs) were issued under the
American Depositary Shares (ADS) program at US$ 34 per ADS (equivalent to
US$ 68 per equity share) and the same were listed on the NASDAQ stock
exchange. During March 1999, the company also issued 1,60,17,200 shares as
bonus shares to its shareholders in the ratio of 1:1 as approved by the
shareholders in the Extraordinary General Meeting of the company held in
January 1999. To provide for the creation of new shares, the authorized
capital of the company was increased to Rs. 50,00,00,000 consisting of
5,00,00,000 shares of Rs. 10 each.
The increase in share capital during the previous year was due to the
issue of 7,49,000 shares arising out of the conversion of warrants issued
under the Employees Stock Offer Plan (ESOP) to employees and to the
Employees Welfare Trust and also due to the issue of 80,08,600 shares as
bonus shares in the ratio of 1:1 as approved by the shareholders in the
Annual General Meeting of the company held in June 1997.
2. Reserves and surplus
The addition to the share premium account, of Rs. 295,82,78,400 during the
year, is due to the premium received on issue of 10,35,000 equity shares
(equivalent to 20,70,000 ADSs) under the American Depositary Shares (ADS)
program. The addition to the share premium was reduced by the cost of the
issue of Rs. 17,33,14,415 comprising of the underwriters spread, legal
fees, accounting fees and travel expenses, etc., representing bills
received to date. Bills for additional costs are still awaited. The
details of ADS issue expenses are given as under.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Nature of expenses in Rs.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Travel expenses 35,91,484
India advisor's fees 1,48,43,142
Legal and accounting fees 1,79,01,524
Registration and filing fee 30,86,211
Stamp duty 29,88,150
Underwriters' spread 14,28,61,129
Contribution received from depositary (1,19,57,225)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
17,33,14,415
-------------------------------------------------------------------
The addition to the share premium account, of Rs. 6,74,10,000, during the
previous year, was due to the premium of Rs. 90 per share received upon
conversion of 7,49,000 warrants under the ESOP scheme. During the year,
the company transferred the balance profit of Rs. 119,59,70,241 to the
General Reserve, after transferring a sum of Rs. 2,34,54,103 to Capital
Reserve and after providing for a dividend payment of Rs. 12,10,75,745 and
dividend tax of Rs. 1,21,07,574. During the previous year, the company
transferred the balance profit of Rs. 52,63,12,322 to the General Reserve,
after providing for a dividend payment of Rs. 7,02,91,597 and dividend tax
of Rs. 70,29,160.
<PAGE>
3. Fixed assets
During the year, the company added Rs. 64,11,69,396 to its gross block,
including investment in technology assets of Rs. 28,94,72,182. During the
previous year, the company added Rs. 34,13,26,052 to its gross block,
including investment in technology assets of Rs. 17,50,02,584. The capital
work-in-progress as on years ended March 31, 1999 and 1998, represents
advances paid towards acquisition of fixed assets, and the cost of assets
not put to use. During the year, the company donated computer systems
costing Rs. 30,02,107 (book value Nil) to certain educational institutions
and the same is disclosed under the heading Deductions during the year,
under both Gross block and Depreciation. The same stood at Rs. 15,71,400
during the previous year.
The company estimates that it would be able to fund its capital
acquisition program from its internal accruals and liquid assets. The
company may also take recourse to borrowings to meet its capital
expenditure, should it be deemed necessary.
4. Investments
The company's subsidiary, Yantra Corporation, is incorporated in the US.
The company had made an investment of US$ 500,000 (Rs. 1,73,51,600) by a
cash remittance, after obtaining the necessary approvals, during the year
ended March 31, 1996, towards the issue of 2,500,000 shares of common
stock at US$ 0.20 per share with a par value of US$ 0.01 per share. During
the year ended March 31, 1997, the company sold its software product,
Eagle, to Yantra Corporation for an amount of US$ 1,000,000 (Rs.
3,59,00,000). The sale was paid for by the issue of 5,000,000 shares of
common stock at US$ 0.20 per share with a par value of US$ 0.01 per share.
Thus, the cumulative investment by the company in the capital of Yantra
Corporation till the year ended March 31, 1997, was US$ 1,500,000 (Rs.
5,32,51,600). During the year ended March 31, 1998, the company invested
an amount of US$ 1,500,000 (Rs. 5,45,10,000), towards the issue of
2,000,000 shares of Convertible Preferred Stock in Yantra Corporation at
US$ 0.75 per share, by way of cash remittance. At the same time, the
capital of Yantra also increased by US$ 2,250,000 due to the issue of
3,000,000 shares of Convertible Preferred Stock at US$ 0.75 each to
venture capitalists.
During September 1998, further capital was raised from venture capital
funds amounting to US$ 6,000,000 (Rs. 25,47,00,000), by the issue of
4,800,000 shares of Convertible Preferred Stock along with convertible
warrants in Yantra Corporation at US$ 1.25 per share, by way of cash
remittance.
During October 1998, Infosys sold part of its Convertible Preferred Stock
holding of 1,363,637 shares at US$ 1.10 per share amounting to US$
1,500,000 (Rs. 6,34,20,030) to a venture capital firm and received the
consideration in cash. Post this sale, the economic interest of Infosys in
Yantra Corporation stands at 47%. The Yantra accounts have not been
consolidated with Infosys from that date as per US GAAP but Yantra is
still deemed a subsidiary in terms of the Companies Act 1956.
The losses in Yantra have exceeded the investments, to date. Hence, a
provision of Rs. 7,05,95,674 was made during the year towards investments
in Yantra Corporation. With this provision, the investments in Yantra
Corporation have a carrying value of nil in the books.
The financial statements of the subsidiary are provided elsewhere in this
report.
During the year, Infosys invested an amount of Yen 24 million (Rs.
75,38,109) towards the issue of 480 shares of JASDIC Park Company.
5. Sundry debtors
Sundry debtors amount to Rs. 84,51,88,425 (net of provisions for bad and
doubtful debts) as at March 31, 1999, as compared with Rs. 39,88,48,667 as
at March 31, 1998. These debtors are considered good and realizable, and
provision has been made for all debtors outstanding for more than 180
days. The debtors as a percentage of total software revenue is 16.61% for
the year ended March 31, 1999, as compared with 15.48% for the previous
year. This amounts to an outstanding of 61 days and 57 days of software
revenue for the respective years. The age profile is as given below:
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Period in days March 31, 1999 March 31, 1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
0 - 30 58.03% 60.88%
31 - 60 24.09% 29.90%
61 - 90 10.66% 6.43%
More than 90 7.22% 2.79%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
100.00% 100.00%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
6. Cash and bank balances
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
in Rs.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
March 31, 1999 March 31, 1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Cash balances 8,80,351 5,30,077
Bank balances in India - current accounts 15,18,51,331 10,60,52,806
- deposit account 12,41,56,133 15,94,13,349
- EEFC deposit account in US$ 62,06,68,810 5,20,55,249
Bank balances - overseas - current account 31,24,48,384 12,06,04,242
- deposit account 284,04,77,990 --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
405,04,82,999 43,86,55,723
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
The bank balances in India include both rupee accounts and foreign
currency accounts. They also include Rs. 12,98,113 and Rs. 11,66,513 in
the unclaimed dividend account for the years ended March 31, 1999 and
1998. The deposit account represents deposits for short tenures. The
company also has a deposit of US$ 14,728,758 (Rs. 62,06,68,810) in the
Exchange Earners Foreign Currency (EEFC) account as at March 31, 1999. The
bank balances in overseas deposit accounts include a net amount of US$
66,993,060 (Rs. 282,57,67,270) received on completion of the American
Depositary Shares (ADS) program and maintained as a deposit with State
Bank of India, Nassau, OBU, New York. The bank balances in overseas
accounts are maintained to meet the expenditure of the overseas branches
in USA and other countries, and to meet project-related expenditure
overseas.
The cash and cash equivalents as at March 31, 1999 and 1998,
amounted to Rs. 416,65,90,944 (including Rs. 11,61,07,945 deposited with a
financial institution and body corporate) and Rs. 51,14,19,709. This
represents 73% and 30% of the total assets as at March 31, 1999 and 1998.
7. Loans and advances
Advances recoverable in cash or in kind or for value to be received, are
primarily towards amounts paid in advance for value and services to be
received in future. Advance income tax represents payments made towards
tax liability for the years ended March 31, 1999 and 1998, and so also
refunds due for previous years. The company's liability towards income tax
has been fully provided for. Deposits with financial institution and body
corporate of Rs. 11,61,07,945 represent amounts kept with Housing
Development Finance Corporation Limited and GE Capital Services India as
deposits. The company's treasury policy calls for investing only in highly
rated companies for short maturities with a limit for individual
companies. Loans to employees are made to enable the purchase of assets by
employees and to meet any emergency requirements. The loans to employees
increased significantly during the year, due to an increase in the number
of employees taking such loans, and also due to the introduction of
various new loan schemes. Other advances represent electricity deposits
and advances of a similar nature. The company has taken on lease, several
buildings for its software development centers in various cities and also
for housing its staff. The deposits paid towards the above are shown under
rent and maintenance deposits.
8. Current liabilities
Sundry creditors for goods represent the amount payable to vendors for the
supply of goods. Sundry creditors for accrued salaries and benefits
include the provision for bonus payable to the staff, and towards the
company's liability for leave encashment valued on an actuarial basis.
Sundry creditors for other liabilities represent amounts accrued for
various other operational expenses. Advances received from clients denote
monies received for the delivery of future services. Unclaimed dividends
represent dividend paid, but not encashed by shareholders, and are
represented by a bank balance of equivalent value.
<PAGE>
9. Unearned revenue
Unearned revenue as on March 31, 1999 consists primarily of advance client
billing on fixed-price, fixed-time-frame contracts for which related costs
were not yet incurred.
10. Provisions
Provisions for taxation represent estimated income tax liabilities, both
in India and abroad, for the years ended March 31, 1999 and 1998. The
provisions and the advance tax payments would be set-off upon assessment.
The proposed dividend represents the final dividend recommended to the
shareholders by the board, and would be paid after the Annual General
Meeting, upon approval by the shareholders.
B. Results of operations
1. Income
The company derives its income from software services and the sale of
software products. Approximately, 98% of the company's income is derived
from export activities. During the year, the income from exports increased
by more than 99%. The increase in export income is due to an all-round
growth in various segments of the business.
Domestic software income represents the licence fee from the sale of
Bancs2000, a banking automation software product. During the year,
domestic software income has increased by approximately 29%.
Other income is from investment of surplus funds.
The total income of the company grew by 97% during the year, as compared
with 81% during the previous year. Details of the geographical
segmentation and business segmentation of income are provided elsewhere in
this report.
2. Expenditure
2.1 Software development expenses
Employee costs constitute around 32% and 36% of total revenue for the
years ended March 31, 1999 and 1998. Foreign tour and travel expenses,
representing cost of travel abroad for software development and marketing,
constituted approximately 11% and 10% of total revenue for the years ended
March 31, 1999 and 1998.
The company spent a sum of Rs. 14,86,91,737 and Rs. 8,74,93,506, for the
years ended March 31, 1999 and 1998, towards the cost of software packages
and tools procured for internal use, to enhance the quality of its
services and also to meet the needs of software development for some of
its clients. The cost of software packages purchased for own use has
increased by approximately 70% during the year, and was around 3% of the
total income for the years ended March 31, 1999 and 1998. The company's
policy is to charge such purchases to revenue in the year of purchase. The
company has also spent a sum of Rs. 1,78,19,890 and Rs. 1,98,37,506
towards software products used in Bancs2000 for the years ended March 31,
1999 and 1998.
A major part of the company's revenue comes from offshore software
development. This involves the large-scale use of satellite connectivity
in order to be online with clients. A sum of Rs. 9,59,08,515 and Rs.
5,74,16,558 was incurred towards meeting this expenditure for the years
ended March 31, 1999 and 1998. This represents approximately 2% of total
revenue for the years ended March 31, 1999 and 1998.
During the year, the company provided an amount of Rs. 2,19,18,587 towards
post-sales client support. This represents a provision for post-sales
obligations of the company in respect of the outstanding fixed-price
projects as at the year end.
The company also utilizes outside consultants for part of its software
development work. This usage is primarily in the area of Year 2000
conversion projects. During the year, the company spent a sum of Rs.
4,55,97,342 towards such consultancy as compared with Rs. 2,43,42,563
during the previous year.
2.2 Administration and other expenses
The company incurred administration and other expenses at 8.92% of its
total revenue during the year, as compared with 11.73% during the previous
year.
<PAGE>
The rent expenses increased by approximately 39% during the year.
Telephone charges increased by 53% due to greater usage. Legal and
professional charges represent fees paid for availing various services
like tax consultancy, visa processing, US GAAP audit, etc. The office
maintenance expenses increased by 27% due to the increased volume of
business. The increase in other expenses is primarily due to an increased
level of business.
2.3 Provision for contingencies
The majority of the software development work in Infosys is carried out in
India. There were concerns across the world of the possible disruption in
telecommunication links to the US due to Y2K non-compliance by the
telecommunication switches or the satellite systems provided by the
service providers. This is a concern for Infosys as well, even though
these links are provided by major carrier networks. Such failures may
result in disruption of business and may result in financial losses.
Infosys has instituted a contingency plan to meet any possible disruption
in client support due to the Y2K impact on the technology and
communication infrastructure provided to the company by its vendors. The
company has made a provision of Rs. 6.66 crore during fiscal 1999 towards
such a contingency plan.
2.4 Provision for investment in subsidiary
The company has provided a sum of Rs. 7,05,95,674 towards its investment
in Yantra Corporation during the current year, due to the losses of Yantra
exceeding the company's contribution to its equity.
3. Operating profits
During the year, the company earned an operating profit (profit before
interest, depreciation and tax) of Rs. 191,74,83,638 representing 37.40%
of total revenue as compared with Rs. 88,61,15,418, representing 34.03% of
total revenue during the previous year. The increase was due to an
increase in per capita revenue productivity, lower growth in
administration costs and broadening of the business mix.
4. Interest
The company continued to be debt-free during the year.
5. Depreciation
The company provided a sum of Rs. 35,89,30,078 and Rs. 22,74,82,339
towards depreciation for the years ended March 31, 1999 and 1998. This
represents approximately 7% and 9% of total revenue for the years ended
March 31, 1999 and 1998. The depreciation for the years ended March 31,
1999 and 1998, includes an amount of Rs. 11,37,41,697 and Rs. 2,86,94,241
towards 100% depreciation on assets costing less than Rs. 5,000 each.
During the year, the company revised the estimate of useful lives of
buildings from 28 years / 58 years for software development centers and
others to 15 years. Due to this change, the depreciation for the year is
higher by Rs. 42,23,419. Moreover, the depreciation charges included an
amount of Rs. 30,30,000 towards depreciation provided, in full, on assets
acquired for research and development activities.
6. Provision for tax
The company has provided for its tax liability both in India and overseas.
The present Indian corporate tax rate is 35%. Export profits are entitled
to benefit under two schemes of the Government of India. Under the first
scheme, the proportion of the profits of the company attributable to
export activities are deductible from the income subject to tax. Under the
second scheme, the profits attributable to the operations of the company
under the 100% export oriented unit scheme is entitled to a total tax
holiday of ten years.
The company has provided a sum of Rs. 4,32,00,000 and Rs. 1,50,50,000
during the years ended March 31, 1999 and 1998, for the tax liability of
earlier years, consequent to the finalization of the tax assessments. The
additional liability has arisen due to certain disallowances in India
which are contested in appeal, and additional payments overseas.
<PAGE>
7. Net profit
The net profit of the company from ordinary activities amounted to Rs.
132,91,53,560 and Rs. 60,36,33,079 for the years ended March 31, 1999 and
1998. This represents 25.92% and 23.18% of total revenue for the
respective years.
8. Extraordinary income
During the year, the company sold 13,63,637 shares of its preferred stock
holding in its subsidiary, Yantra Corporation, at US$ 1.10 per share. The
profit of Rs. 2,34,54,103, net of tax, has been disclosed as an
"extraordinary income" in the Profit and loss account. This profit of Rs.
2,34,54,103 has been transferred to capital reserve from the Profit and
loss account.
9. Foreign exchange differences
An amount of Rs. 2,77,93,084 and Rs. 3,43,20,847 is included in the Profit
and Loss Account for the years ended March 31, 1999 and 1998, representing
the realized and unrealized exchange gains due to currency fluctuation.
This represents 0.54% and 1.32% of total revenue for the years ended March
31, 1999 and 1998.
10. Employees Stock Offer Plan
The company instituted an Employees Stock Offer Plan (ESOP) in 1994 for
all eligible employees. Under the plan, warrants are transferred to
employees deemed eligible by the advisory board constituted for the
purpose. Accordingly, 7,50,000 warrants were issued by the company to the
Infosys Technologies Limited Employees Welfare Trust, to be held in trust
and transferred to selected employees from time to time. Warrants are
issued at Re. 1 each and entitle the holder thereof to apply for and be
issued one share of the company at a price of Rs. 100 after a period of
five years from the date of issue. The warrants and the shares to be
issued thereon are subject to a lock-in period of five years from the date
of issue. The warrants expire on September 30, 1999, and are convertible
before their expiration.
Under the ESOP scheme, the warrant holders are entitled to convert the
warrants before any bonus or rights issue. The company issued bonus shares
in the ratio of 1:1 during October 1997 and March 1999. Accordingly, the
warrant holders, including the trust and the employees, were given an
option to convert their warrants. They were also issued bonus shares being
holders of shares as on the record date.
The number of warrants issued and outstanding is given below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year ended No. of Warrants Shares issued on Bonus shares No. of Right to shares
March 31 employees transferred to conversion of issued on employees offered to
employees warrants, subject conversion, free employees
(Net) to lock-in from lock-in (Net)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1995 76 1,11,100 1,11,100 1,11,100 --
1996 110 1,32,600 1,32,600 1,32,600 --
1997 156 1,06,200 1,06,200 1,06,200 --
1998 348 2,57,200 2,57,200 2,57,200 --
1999 1106 4,07,100 4,07,100 4,07,100 607 1,64,000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 10,14,200 10,14,200 10,14,200 607 1,64,000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
Employees hold 10,14,200 shares subject to lock-in and 1,64,000 right to
shares as at March 31, 1999. 1,744 employees hold shares/right to shares as
of March 31, 1999, after discounting the employees who have received
shares/right to shares in several years.
<PAGE>
Break-up of net warrants/right to shares issued to employees
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year ended March 31 No. of Warrants transferred/ No. of Warrants/Right to
employees right to shares offered employees shares forfeited*
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1995 106 1,44,100 30 33,000
1996 144 1,58,000 34 25,400
1997 193 1,24,600 37 18,400
1998 382 2,76,800 34 19,600
1999 1,750 5,78,100 37 7,000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
*26,500 shares forfeited after the bonus issue are included in the
respective years.
Statement of warrants/shares held by ITL Employees Welfare Trust
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C>
Warrants originally allotted to ITL Employees Welfare Trust 7,50,000
Less : Net warrants issued to eligible employees before bonus issue in October 1997 3,76,400
Warrants held by the Trust immediately before bonus issue
in October 1997 and converted to shares 3,73,600
Add : Bonus shares allotted to the Trust in October 1997 3,73,600
Shares held by the Trust immediately after bonus issue in October 1997 7,47,200
Add : Shares surrendered to the Trust after bonus issue in October 1997 26,500
Less : Net right to shares issued to eligible employees before bonus issue in March 1999 6,64,300
Shares held by the Trust immediately before bonus issue in March 1999 1,09,400
Add : Bonus shares allotted to the Trust in March 1999 1,09,400
Shares held by the Trust immediately after bonus issue in March 1999 2,18,800
Less : Net right to shares issued to eligible employees after bonus issue in March 1999 1,64,000
Shares held by the Trust for future grant, as of March 31, 1999 54,800
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
11. ADS-linked stock option plans
One of the basic objectives of the ADS issue and the consequent listing in
the NASDAQ stock exchange was to institute an ADS-linked stock option plan,
to attract the best and the brightest across the world. The necessary
resolutions authorizing the board to formulate the scheme have been
approved by the shareholders in the Extraordinary General Meeting held on
January 6, 1998. Accordingly, your directors had put in place an ADS-linked
stock option plan termed as the "1998 stock option plan". The scheme is
being administered by a committee of the board. The maximum aggregate
number of shares on which options may be issued under the plan is 800,000
shares, equivalent to 1,600,000 ADSs subject to an overall grant value of
US$ 50,000,000. The plan is effective for a period of 10 years from the
date of its adoption by the board. The exercise price for the ADS-linked
stock option shall be determined by the committee of the board and in no
case will be less than 90% of the fair market value on the date of grant.
Accordingly, the committee of the board of directors has made a concurrent
grant of 2,13,000 options to eligible employees at US$ 34 per option.
12. Reconciliation of Indian and US GAAP financial statements
There are significant differences between the US GAAP and the Indian GAAP
financial statements. The material differences arise due to the provision
for deferred taxes, consolidation of accounts of subsidiaries and provision
for deferred compensation due to the issue of stock options to employees.
The reconciliation of profits as per the Indian and the US GAAP financial
statements is given below.
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Rs. in crore
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Profit as per the Indian GAAP financial statements 135.26Less
: Loss from Yantra Corporation accounted 8.44
Amortization of deferred stock compensation expense 15.40
Compensation expense arising from stock dividend 54.45 78.29
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
56.97
Add : Provision for investment in Yantra Corporation 7.06
Deferred Income tax provision 2.65
Provision for contingencies 6.66 16.37
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income as per the US GAAP financial statements 73.34
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
Loss from Yantra Corporation
The Indian GAAP does not require consolidation of financial statements of
subsidiaries with the parent company. However, the US GAAP mandates for
consolidating the financial statements of subsidiaries with the parent
company for reporting purposes. The consolidated financial statements for
the year includes the results of the company's formerly majority-owned
subsidiary, Yantra Corporation, up to October 20, 1998. The consolidated
financial statements of Infosys for fiscal 1999 includes a net loss of Rs.
8.44 crore of Yantra.
Provision for investments in Yantra Corporation
The losses incurred by Yantra Corporation exceed the contribution made by
Infosys to the capital of Yantra Corporation. As a result, a provision of
Rs. 7.06 crore has been made in the financial statements as per Indian
GAAP.
Amortization of deferred stock compensation
The Indian GAAP does not mandate a company to recognize and amortize
amounts relating to the deferred stock compensation arising on issue of
stock options to employees. However, the Accounting Principles Board
Opinion No. 25 of the US GAAP requires that deferred stock compensation
arising on issue of stock options to employees resulting from the
difference between the exercise price and the fair value as determined by
the quoted market prices of the common stock underlying the warrants on
the grant date, be accounted for.
In complying with this requirement, Infosys has charged to revenue Rs.
15.40 crore during fiscal 1999 as deferred stock compensation.
Compensation arising from stock dividend
In fiscal 1999, the company declared a bonus issue of one equity share for
each equity share outstanding to all its shareholders. The additional
equity shares issued to ESOP participants as a result of the bonus issue
were not subject to vesting. Consequently, the company recognized an
accelerated compensation charge amounting to Rs. 54.45 crore.
Deferred Income tax provision
US GAAP mandates that the tax element arising on timing differences in
amortizing various Assets and Liabilities as per the tax books and
financial statements be accounted as deferred taxation and appropriate
treatment be made in the income statement. There is no such requirement
under the Indian GAAP.
C. Outlook: Issues and risks
These have been discussed in detail elsewhere in this report.
<PAGE>
Statement of cash flows for the year ended March 31
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
in Rs.
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Cash flows from operations
Profit before tax 155,85,53,560 65,86,33,079
Other Income (3,67,00,927) (1,59,78,985)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization 35,89,30,078 22,74,82,339
Decrease (increase) in sundry debtors (44,63,39,758) (21,79,58,733)
Decrease (increase) in inventories -- 4,10,878
Decrease (increase) in loans and advances (15,32,76,222) (10,50,83,628)
Increase (decrease) in current liabilities and provisions 40,48,24,214 7,31,15,335
Provision for investment in subsidiary 7,05,95,674 --
Income taxes paid (16,79,23,184) (4,28,37,122)
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash from operations 158,86,63,435 57,77,83,163
===========================================================================================================
Cash flows from financing
Cash received from issuance of share capital (less expenses of issuance) 279,53,13,985 7,49,00,000
Dividends paid (including Dividend tax) (10,20,36,824) (4,66,09,004)
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash from financing 269,32,77,161 2,82,90,996
===========================================================================================================
Cash flows from investing
Income from investments 3,67,00,927 1,58,69,826
Proceeds of sale of investments (net of tax) 6,06,20,029 --
Proceeds of sale of fixed assets 2,39,716 3,01,097
Purchase of fixed assets (71,67,91,924) (34,40,97,344)
Investment in subsidiary -- (5,45,10,000)
Other long-term investments (75,38,109) --
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash from investing (62,67,69,361) (38,24,36,421)
===========================================================================================================
Total increase (decrease)
in cash and equivalents during the year 365,51,71,235 22,36,37,738
Cash and equivalents at the
beginning of the year 51,14,19,709 28,77,81,971
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash and equivalents at the end of the year 416,65,90,944 51,14,19,709
===========================================================================================================
</TABLE>
This is the Cash Flow
Statement referred
to in our report of even date.
for Bharat S Raut & Co.
Chartered Accountants
Ravi Ramu N. R. Narayana Murthy Nandan M. Nilekani
Partner Chairman and Managing Director, President
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer
Ramesh Vangal Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam
Director Director
Bangalore K. Dinesh S. D. Shibulal
April 9, 1999 Director Director
Susim M. Datta Deepak M. Satwalekar
Director Director
N. S. Raghavan S. Gopalakrishnan
Jt. Managing Director Dy. Managing Director
T. V. Mohandas Pai V. Viswanathan
Senior Vice President Company Secretary
(Finance & Administration)
<PAGE>
Statement of cash flows for the year ended March 31
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
in Rs.
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Reconciliation of Balance sheet items with cash flow items
1. Loans and advances
As per Balance sheet 68,35,96,522 39,18,00,686
Less : Deposits with financial institution / body corporate,
included in cash equivalents (11,61,07,945) (7,27,63,986)
Advance income taxes considered separately (19,10,80,222) (9,59,04,567)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance considered for preparing the cash flow statement 37,64,08,355 22,31,32,133
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Additions to fixed assets
As per Balance sheet 64,11,69,396 34,13,26,052
Add : Closing capital work-in-progress 14,88,35,800 7,32,13,272
Less : Opening capital work-in progress (7,32,13,272) (7,04,41,980)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance considered for preparing the cash flow statement 71,67,91,924 34,40,97,344
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Cash and cash equivalents
As per Balance sheet 405,04,82,999 43,86,55,723
Add : Deposits with financial institution/
body corporate (as per 1 above) 11,61,07,945 7,27,63,986
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance considered for preparing the cash flow statement 416,65,90,944 51,14,19,709
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Income taxes paid
As per Profit and Loss account 22,94,00,000 5,67,57,386
Add : Decrease (increase) in balance in provision for taxes account (15,66,52,471) 1,89,94,983
Add : Increase (decrease) in balance in advance income tax account 9,51,75,655 (3,29,15,247)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance considered for preparing the cash flow statement 16,79,23,184 4,28,37,122
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Other income
As per Profit and Loss account 3,84,71,833 2,70,83,794
Less : Income from operating activities (17,70,906) (1,11,04,809)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance considered for preparing the cash flow statement 3,67,00,927 1,59,78,985
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Current liabilities and provisions
As per Balance sheet 84,96,64,378 25,70,41,198
Less : Provision for taxation considered separately (23,13,57,488) (7,47,05,017)
Provision for dividend considered separately (8,10,32,734) (5,27,17,738)
Provision for dividend tax considered separately (81,03,273) (52,71,774)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance considered for preparing the cash flow statement 52,91,70,883 12,43,46,669
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
This is the Cash Flow
Statement referred
to in our report of even date.
for Bharat S Raut & Co.
Chartered Accountants
Ravi Ramu N. R. Narayana Murthy Nandan M. Nilekani
Partner Chairman and Managing Director, President
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer
Ramesh Vangal Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam
Director Director
Bangalore K. Dinesh S. D. Shibulal
April 9, 1999 Director Director
Susim M. Datta Deepak M. Satwalekar
Director Director
N. S. Raghavan S. Gopalakrishnan
Jt. Managing Director Dy. Managing Director
T. V. Mohandas Pai V. Viswanathan
Senior Vice President Company Secretary
(Finance & Administration)
<PAGE>
Balance sheet abstract and company's general business profile
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Registration details
Registration No. 13115
State Code 08
Balance Sheet Date 31.03.1999
in Rs.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Capital raised during the year
Public issue* 1,03,50,000
Rights issue --
Bonus issue 16,01,72,000
Private placement --
Position of mobilization and deployment of funds
Total liabilities 574,43,11,248
Total assets 574,43,11,248
Sources of funds
Paid-up capital 33,06,95,500
Reserves and surplus 541,36,15,748
Secured loans --
Unsecured loans --
Application of funds
Net fixed assets 100,71,59,211
Investments 75,48,469
Net current assets 472,96,03,568
Miscellaneous expenditure --
Accumulated losses --
Performance of company
Turnover 512,73,83,501
Total expenditure 356,88,29,941
Profit/Loss before tax 155,85,53,560
Extraordinary Income 2,34,54,103
Profit/Loss after tax 135,26,07,663
Earnings per share from ordinary activities 40.19
Earnings per share including extraordinary income 40.90
Dividend rate (%) - pro rata 75
Generic names of principal products/services of the company
Item code no. (ITC code) 85249009.10
Product description Computer software
*Not offered to public in India, issued pursuant to a registration statement
filed with Securities and Exchange Commission, USA., for the company's ADS
issue.
N. R. Narayana Murthy Nandan M. Nilekani
Chairman and Managing Director, President
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer
Ramesh Vangal Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam
Director Director
K. Dinesh S. D. Shibulal
Director Director
Bangalore Susim M. Datta Deepak M. Satwalekar
April 9, 1999 Director Director
N. S. Raghavan S. Gopalakrishnan
Jt. Managing Director Dy. Managing Director
T. V. Mohandas Pai V. Viswanathan
Senior Vice President Company Secretary
(Finance & Administration)
<PAGE>
Statement pursuant to Section 212 of the Companies Act, 1956, relating to
subsidiary company
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
1. Name of the subsidiary : Yantra Corporation
2. Financial year ended : March 31, 1999
3. Holding company's interest : 100% in common stock
12.73% in Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
4. Shares held by the holding company in the subsidiary : 75,00,000 nos. of common stock at US$ 0.20 each,
fully paid, par value US$ 0.01 each, amounting to
US$ 1,500,000 (Rs. 5,32,51,600)
6,36,363 nos. of Series A Convertible Preferred
Stock at US$ 0.75 each, fully paid, par
value US$ 0.01 each, amounting to US$ 477,272.25
(Rs. 1,73,44,074)
5. The net aggregate of profits or losses for the
current financial year of the subsidiary so far as
it concerns the members of the holding company
a. dealt with or provided for in the accounts of : Nil
the holding company
b. not dealt with or provided for in the accounts : Loss: US$ 4,991,441 (Rs. 21,03,39,324)
of the holding company
6. The net aggregate of profits or losses for previous
financial years of the subsidiary so far as it
concerns the members of the holding company
a. dealt with or provided for in the accounts of : Nil
the holding company
b. not dealt with or provided for in the accounts : Loss: US$ 2,195,016 (Rs. 9,24,97,974)
of the holding company
</TABLE>
Note:
The company has provided a sum of Rs. 7,05,95,674 towards its investment in
Yantra Corporation during the current year, as the losses of Yantra exceeded the
company's contribution to its equity.
N. R. Narayana Murthy Nandan M. Nilekani
Chairman and Managing Director, President
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer
Ramesh Vangal Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam
Director Director
K. Dinesh S. D. Shibulal
Director Director
Bangalore Susim M. Datta Deepak M. Satwalekar
April 9, 1999 Director Director
N. S. Raghavan S. Gopalakrishnan
Jt. Managing Director Dy. Managing Director
T. V. Mohandas Pai V. Viswanathan
Senior Vice President Company Secretary
(Finance & Administration)
<PAGE>
Yantra Corporation
(a subsidiary of Infosys Technologies Limited under the Companies Act,
1956)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Financial statements
for the year ended March 31, 1999
Registered office
1209, Orange Street,
City of Wilmington,
New Castle County,
Delaware 19801, USA
Board of directors
Donald W. Feddersen...................Chairman
Gopalakrishnan S......................Director
Devdutt Yellurkar......Chief Executive Officer
Phaneesh Murthy.......................Director
Izhar Armony..........................Director
Douglas P. Smith......................Director
Auditors
KPMG Peat Marwick LLP
<PAGE>
Letter to the shareholders
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dear shareholder,
Fiscal 1999 marked the completion of Yantra's third year of operation. Our
product offering - an integrated supply chain execution solution (warehouse and
transportation management) - is being well received by the clients and industry
analysts. Additionally, our product is also identified as a key component of an
Enterprise E-Commerce strategy. With the focus of E-Commerce applications
shifting from web-based ordering to robust order fulfillment, we expect the
demand for integrated Supply Chain Execution systems to grow even more.
Financing: Yantra secured its second round of financing from Charles River
Ventures and Hambrecht & Quist. Consequently, we added new board members with
experience in the Enterprise Software market. We would, once again, like to
place on record the invaluable mentoring provided by the current and past board
members and observers.
Sales & Marketing: In fiscal year 1999, Yantra's revenues more than tripled to
$4.4 million with the addition of several key clients such as Motorola,
Cutler-Hammer and Texas Instruments. In this fiscal year, we were awarded
"Partner of the Year" by Oracle. Our relationship with Oracle Corporation has
been mutually beneficial and the two companies have launched several new joint
marketing initiatives. Yantra also formed an Alliance with Vastera, a
complementary supply chain execution software provider.
Services: We worked diligently to ensure that all of our client installations
were very successful and referenceable. Based on our experience in the field, we
refined our robust implementation methodology, toolkit and a comprehensive
training program that has enabled us to scale our services organization. We
further scaled our services operations by successfully partnering with
AnswerThink Consulting, a professional services company, to jointly deliver
client implementations and training.
Product: We released version 5.0 of our Supply Chain Execution suite which is
available on UNIX (HP, IBM and SUN) as well as on NT server platforms. We are in
the process of migrating all our existing clients to our latest version. We
continue our strong relationship with Infosys and have increased the staffing in
our Bangalore-based software development center.
In summary, fiscal 1999 was a year in which we completed all our goals for the
"Gain Momentum" phase and launched the "Acceleration" phase of our company's
lifecycle. We have built a strong management team and are confident that we will
emerge as a leader in our market. With the talent and commitment of every
Yantrik, we are confident that we will achieve the goals we have set for this
coming year.
Thank you for your continued support.
Sd
Acton, Massachusetts Devdutt Yellurkar
April 6, 1999 Chief Executive Officer
<PAGE>
Independent auditors' report
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Yantra Corporation:
We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of Yantra Corporation as of March
31, 1999, and the related statements of operations, stockholders' equity and
cash flows for the year then ended. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the company's management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards.
Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable
assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in
all material respects, the financial position of Yantra Corporation at March 31,
1999, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then
ended in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
Sd
Boston, Massachusetts, USA KPMG Peat Marwick LLP
April 6, 1999
<PAGE>
Yantra Corporation
Balance sheet as at
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
March 31, 1999
in US$ in Rs.*
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Assets
CURRENT
Cash and cash equivalents 3,208,098 13,51,89,250
Accounts receivable (Note 3) 1,120,007 4,71,97,095
Prepaid expenses 94,866 39,97,653
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total current assets 4,422,971 18,63,83,998
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET (NOTE 2) 777,079 3,27,46,109
OTHER ASSETS
Capitalized software, net of accumulated amortization
of $ 747,623 (Rs. 3,15,04,833) (Note 4) 252,377 1,06,35,167
Other Assets 179,052 75,45,251
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total assets 5,631,479 23,73,10,525
==================================================================================================
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
LIABILITIES
Accounts payable (Note 4) 403,347 1,69,97,043
Accrued Expenses (Note 4) 408,549 1,72,16,255
Deferred Revenue 852,169 3,59,10,401
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Current Liabilities 1,664,065 7,01,23,699
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMMITMENTS (NOTES 5, 6 AND 7)
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (NOTES 6)
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, $.01 par value,
5,000,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding 4,037,647 17,01,46,445
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, $.01 par value,
4,800,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding 6,168,198 25,99,27,864
Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock, $.01 par value,
810,811 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding -- --
Common stock, $.01 par value, 25,000,000 shares authorized,
7,500,000 shares issued and outstanding 75,000 31,60,500
Additional paid-in capital 1,433,108 6,03,91,170
Accumulated deficit (7,746,539) (32,64,39,153)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total stockholders' equity 3,967,414 16,71,86,826
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity 5,631,479 23,73,10,525
==================================================================================================
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
* The Rupee equivalent of US dollar amounts for the year 1999 has been arrived
at by converting at the closing exchange rate of US$ 1 = Rs. 42.14. This
information is being provided in compliance with the directions of the
Department of Company Affairs, Government of India, under Section 212 (8) of
the Companies Act, 1956, vide their letter no. 47/03/98-CL:III, dated
November 20, 1998.
<PAGE>
Yantra Corporation
Statement of operations
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year ended March 31, 1999 in US$ in Rs.*
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net revenue (Note 1) 4,419,479 18,62,36,845
Cost of revenue (Note 4) 3,013,020 12,69,68,663
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross profit 1,406,459 5,92,68,182
Operating expenses (Note 4)
Research and development 2,164,105 9,11,95,385
Selling and Marketing 2,854,780 12,03,00,429
General and administrative 1,559,424 6,57,14,127
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total operating expenses 6,578,309 27,72,09,941
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Loss from operations (5,171,850) (21,79,41,759)
Other Income (net) 180,409 76,02,435
===============================================================================
Net Loss (4,991,441) (21,03,39,324)
===============================================================================
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
Statement of stockholders' equity
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year ended Series A Series B Common
March 31, 1999 Preferred Stock Preferred Stock stock
Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance, April 1, 1998
In $ 5,000,000 3,812,647 -- -- 7,500,000 75,000
In Indian rupees 16,06,64,945 -- 31,60,500
Issuance of Series B Convertible
Preferred Stock, net of issuance
costs of $ 53,978 (Rs. 22,74,633)
In $ -- -- 4,800,000 5,945,617 -- --
In Indian rupees -- 25,05,48,300 --
Accrued dividends on Series A
Convertible Preferred Stock
In $ -- 225,000 -- -- -- --
In Indian rupees 94,81,500 -- --
Accrued dividends on Series B
Convertible Preferred Stock
In $ -- -- -- 222,581 -- --
In Indian rupees -- 93,79,563 --
Issuance of Series B-1 warrants
In $ -- -- -- -- -- --
In Indian rupees -- -- --
Net loss
In $ -- -- -- -- -- --
In Indian rupees -- -- --
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance, March 31, 1999
In $ 5,000,000 4,037,647 4,800,000 6,168,198 7,500,000 75,000
In Indian rupees 17,01,46,445 25,99,27,863 31,60,500
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<CAPTION>
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year ended Additional Accumulated Total
March 31, 1999 Paid-in Deficit Stockholders'
capital Equity
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Balance, April 1, 1998
In $ 1,425,000 (2,307,517) 3,005,130
In Indian rupees 6,00,49,500 (9,72,38,766) 12,66,36,178
Issuance of Series B Convertible
Preferred Stock, net of issuance
costs of $ 53,978 (Rs. 22,74,633)
In $ -- -- 5,945,617
In Indian rupees -- -- 25,05,48,300
Accrued dividends on Series A
Convertible Preferred Stock
In $ -- (225,000) --
In Indian rupees -- (94,81,500) --
Accrued dividends on Series B
Convertible Preferred Stock
In $ -- (222,581) --
In Indian rupees -- (93,79,563) --
Issuance of Series B-1 warrants
In $ 8,108 -- 8,108
In Indian rupees 3,41,671 -- 3,41,671
Net loss
In $ -- (4,991,441) (4,991,441)
In Indian rupees -- (21,03,39,324) (21,03,39,324)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance, March 31, 1999
In $ 1,433,108 (7,746,539) 3,967,414
In Indian rupees 6,03,91,171 (32,64,39,153) 16,71,86,826
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
<PAGE>
Yantra Corporation
Statement of cash flows
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year ended March 31, 1999 in US$ in Rs.*
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash flows from operating activities
NET LOSS (4,991,441) (21,03,39,324)
ADJUSTMENTS TO RECONCILE NET LOSS TO
NET CASH USED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Depreciation and amortization 495,083 2,08,62,798
Loss on disposal of fixed assets 12,063 5,08,335
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable (796,460) (3,35,62,824)
Prepaid expenses (41,153) (17,34,187)
Other assets (175,000) (73,74,500)
Accounts payable
Trade 310,311 1,30,76,506
Affiliate (188,501) (79,43,432)
Accrued expenses 305,770 1,28,85,148
Deferred revenue 568,401 2,39,52,418
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash used by operating activities (4,500,927) (18,96,69,062)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment (710,072) (2,99,22,434)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash used by investing activities (710,072) (2,99,22,434)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash flows from financing activities
Net proceeds from issuance of
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock 5,945,617 25,05,48,300
Proceeds from issuance of warrants 8,108 3,41,672
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash provided by financing activities 5,953,725 25,08,89,972
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Increase in cash and cash equivalents 742,726 3,12,98,476
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 2,465,372 10,38,90,776
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year 3,208,098 13,51,89,252
===============================================================================
Supplemental disclosure of noncash financial activities
The company accrued dividends related to the Series A Convertible Preferred
Stock in the amount of $ 225,000 (Rs. 94,81,500) for the year ended March 31,
1999. The company accrued dividends related to the Series B Convertible
Preferred Stock in the amount of $ 222,581 (Rs. 93,79,563) for the year ended
March 31, 1999.
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
<PAGE>
Yantra Corporation
Notes to financial statements
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Business
Yantra Corporation (the "company") is a Delaware corporation which
develops, markets and supports supply chain execution software products.
The company's primary product, WMS*Yantra, is an integrated warehouse and
transportation management system designed for companies requiring complex
pick/pack/ship distribution. The company was a majority-owned subsidiary
of Infosys Technologies Limited ("Infosys") until October 1998, at which
time Infosys reduced its ownership below 50%.
2. Summary of significant accounting policies
a. Revenue recognition
Prior to April 1, 1998, revenues from software product licences to clients
were generally recognized when the product was shipped, provided no
significant obligations remain and collectibility is probable, in
accordance with SOP 91-1, Software Revenue Recognition. Effective April 1,
1998, Yantra adopted the provisions of SOP 97-2, Software Revenue
Recognition. For transactions on or after April 1, 1998, revenues from
software product licences to clients are generally recognized when: (i) a
signed noncancelable software licence agreement exists, (ii) delivery has
occurred, (iii) the licence fee is fixed or determinable, and (iv)
collectibility is probable. Revenues from software product licence
agreements which have significant customization and modifications of the
software product are deferred and recognized using the percentage of
completion method. There was no material change to Yantra's accounting for
revenue as a result of SOP 97-2.
Professional service and maintenance revenue includes software maintenance
and other professional service revenues, primarily from implementation,
consulting and training. Revenues from professional services are
recognized as the services are performed, collectibility is probable and
such revenues are contractually non-refundable. Revenues from software
maintenance are deferred and recognized ratably over the term of each
maintenance agreement, typically twelve months. Amounts collected prior to
satisfying the above revenue recognition criteria are classified as
deferred revenues.
b. Capitalized software development costs
The company capitalizes software development costs in accordance with
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 86, Accounting for the
Costs of Computer Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Otherwise Marketed
("SFAS 86"). Software development costs not qualifying for capitalization
are expensed as period expenses. Capitalized costs are amortized on an
individual product basis, based on the greater amount computed by using
(a) the ratio that current gross revenues for a product bear to the total
of current and anticipated future gross revenues for that product, or (b)
straight-line amortization using the estimated useful lives. The company
evaluates the estimated net realizable value of each software product at
each balance sheet date and records write-downs to net realizable value
for any products for which the net book value is in excess of net
realizable value.
c. Cash and cash equivalents
The company considers all highly liquid investments with original
maturities of less than three months to be cash equivalents.
d. Property and equipment
Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Repairs and maintenance which
do not extend the useful life of an asset are expensed as incurred.
Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the following
estimated useful lives:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Classification Years
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Furniture and fixtures 6
Computer equipment 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
<PAGE>
e. Impairment of long-lived assets
In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 121,
Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived
Assets to be Disposed of, the company reviews its long-lived assets for
impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the
carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If it is determined
that the carrying amount of an asset cannot be fully recovered, an
impairment loss is recognized.
f. Stock-based compensation
In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123,
Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation ("SFAS No. 123"), the company
measures compensation cost in accordance with Accounting Principles Board
Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees ("APB Opinion No.
25"). As such, compensation expense is recorded on the date of grant only
if the current market price of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise
price of the stock option. The company provides pro forma disclosures of
net loss as if the fair value provisions of SFAS 123 had been applied.
g. Income taxes
The company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income
taxes. Under the asset and liability method, deferred tax assets and
liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to
differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing
assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss
and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are
measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in
the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be
recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of
a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes
the enactment date.
h. Use of estimates
Management of the company has made a number of estimates and assumptions
relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of
contingent assets and liabilities, including certain estimates regarding
the recoverability of capitalized software development costs, to prepare
these financial statements in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
2. Property and equipment
Property and equipment consisted of the following at March 31, 1999:
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
in US$ in Rs.
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Furniture and fixtures 171,078 72,09,227
Computer equipment 833,698 3,51,32,034
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1,004,776 4,23,41,261
Less accumulated depreciation 227,697 95,95,152
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
777,079 3,27,46,109
===============================================================================
3. Accounts receivable
Included in accounts receivable are $ 512,712 (Rs. 2,16,05,684) that were
unbilled at March 31, 1999. Unbilled amounts related primarily to
professional services rendered on a time and materials basis for which
invoices have not yet been issued.
4. Related parties
During 1996, Infosys (the former "Parent company") transferred all rights,
title and interest in and to a product known as Eagle (now known as
"WMS*Yantra"), to the company in exchange for 5,000,000 shares of the
company's common stock. The transfer of technology was recorded at its
book value of $ 1,000,000 as the transfer occurred between entities under
common control.
The company entered into an Agreement for a software center (the
"Agreement") beginning November 1, 1995 with its former Parent company.
<PAGE>
The former Parent runs a Software Center (the "Center") in Bangalore,
India to provide professional services for Yantra and other clients. The
Center is completely managed and staffed by the former Parent and is
located within the Infosys software-development facility.
The following services are available from the Center:
o Product Development, Enhancement, Upgrades, Version Control, etc.
o Product Support, including Beeper Support Operations
o Implementation and Implementation Consulting
o Documentation
o Training Services
The company pays the Former Parent a flat rate per person per month for
the number of people committed to the Center. The cost incurred under this
contract for the year ended March 31, 1999 was $ 1,953,899 (Rs.
8,23,37,304) and is included in the accompanying statement of operations
under the following captions:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
in US$ in Rs.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cost of revenues 926,879 3,90,58,681
Research and development 942,138 3,97,01,695
General and administrative 84,880 35,76,843
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
At March 31, 1999, amounts due to the related-party supplier amounted to $
38,752 (Rs. 16,33,009) included in accounts payable and $ 198,940 (Rs.
83,83,332) included in accrued expenses.
5. Commitments
The company leases its office space under an operating lease which expires
on December 31, 2004. Total rent expense for the year ended March 31, 1999
was $ 159,714 (Rs. 67,30,348).
The schedule of minimum future rental payments is as follows:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year ended March 31, in US$ in Rs.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 470,638 1,98,32,685
2001 642,670 2,70,82,114
2002 642,670 2,70,82,114
2003 676,334 2,85,00,715
2004 679,394 2,86,29,663
Thereafter 509,546 2,14,72,268
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total minimum lease payments 3,621,252 15,25,99,559
==========================================================================
6. Stockholders' equity
a. Common stock and preferred stock
In September 1995, the board of directors authorized 3,000,000 shares of
common stock. In September 1997, the board of directors amended its
certificate of incorporation to authorize two classes of stock to be
designated "common stock" and "Series A Convertible Preferred Stock"
("Series A Preferred Stock"). Under the amended certificate, the company
is authorized to issue 25,000,000 shares of common stock and 5,000,000
shares of Series A Preferred Stock. In August 1998, the board of directors
further amended its certificate of incorporation to authorize the company
to issue 4,800,000 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock ("Series
B Preferred Stock") and 810,811 shares of Series B-1 Convertible Preferred
Stock ("Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock").
Each series of Preferred Stock is fully participating, redeemable and
convertible at any time initially into one common share. Each series of
Preferred Stock votes on an as-if converted basis with the common stock.
The holders of each series of Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive
cumulative dividends at the per share rate of 6% per annum, when and if
declared by the board of directors.
The holders of the shares of Preferred Stock have liquidation preference
over the holders of common stock, and shall receive an amount per share
equal to the original issue price plus all unpaid accrued dividends.
Beginning September 29, 2004, the holders of the Preferred Stock, voting
together as a class and representing at least sixty percent of the shares
then outstanding, may require the company to redeem their shares annually
over
<PAGE>
a three-year period. The Series A Preferred Stock may be redeemed at $.75
per share plus any declared but unpaid dividends. The Series B Preferred
Stock may be redeemed at $ 1.25 per share plus any declared but unpaid
dividends.
At March 31, 1999, the company had 5,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred
Stock outstanding from issuances during fiscal year 1998. In August 1998,
the company issued 4,800,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock at a price
of $ 1.25 per share for proceeds of $ 5,945,617 (Rs. 25,05,48,300), net of
issuance costs of $ 53,978 (Rs. 22,74,633).
b. Warrants
In August 1998, in connection with the Series B Preferred Stock issuance,
the company issued warrants for the purchase of 810,811 shares of Series
B-1 Preferred Stock at $ 1.48 per share. The warrants are exercisable
through August 2005.
c. The 1997 stock plan
Effective September 29, 1997, the board of directors and stockholders
approved the company's 1997 Stock Plan (the "Plan"). The maximum number of
shares of common stock that may be subject to outstanding awards,
determined immediately after the grant of any award, may not exceed
4,000,000 shares, as amended. The Plan provides for the issuance of up to
4,000,000 stock options, as defined in the Plan. Stock options granted
under the Plan will allow eligible participants to purchase the company's
common stock at a price determined by the company's board of directors on
the date of grant. The purchase price per share of Incentive Stock Options
("ISOs") shall not be less than 100% (110% in the case of ISOs granted to
a greater-than-10% shareholder) of the fair-market value of the company's
common stock on the date of grant. The Plan also allows for the issuance
of options which do not qualify as ISOs ("Non-Qualified Options").
Stock option activity is as follows:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shares Exercise price
per share
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outstanding at April 1, 1998 700,000 $.10
Granted during fiscal 1999 1,632,400 .35
Forfeited during fiscal 1999 (77,500) .35
Outstanding at March 31, 1999 2,225,000 $.35
==========================================================================
Weighted-average remaining contractual life 9.0 years
==========================================================================
Exercisable at March 31, 1999 646,138
==========================================================================
Shares available for grant at March 31, 1999 1,745,000
==========================================================================
The per-share weighted-average fair value of stock options granted during
fiscal 1999 was $.08 on the date of grant, using the minimum value
option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:
o No expected dividend yield
o Risk-free interest rate of 5.75%; and
o An expected life of five years
The company applies APB Opinion No. 25 in accounting for its Plan and,
accordingly, no compensation cost has been recognized for its stock
options issued to employees during the year ended March 31, 1999.
Had the company determined compensation cost based on the fair value at
the grant date for its stock under SFAS No. 123, the company's net loss
would have been increased to the pro forma amount indicated below for the
year ended March 31, 1999:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net loss: in US$ in Rs.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
As reported (4,991,441) (21,03,39,324)
Pro forma (5,037,242) (21,22,69,378)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
<PAGE>
7. Income taxes
At March 31, 1999, the company had available approximately $ 6,379,000
(Rs. 26,88,11,060) of federal net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards and $
6,319,000 (Rs. 26,62,82,660) of state NOL carryforwards, which are
available to offset future federal and state taxable income. The federal
and state net operating loss carryforwards expire at various dates through
2019 and 2004, respectively. These federal and state NOL carryforwards are
subject to limitation in their utilization based on changes in the
company's ownership under Internal Revenue Code, Section 382.
Temporary differences which give rise to a significant portion of the
deferred tax assets and liabilities are NOL carryforwards, noted above,
and tax depreciation in excess of financial statement amounts. At March
31, 1999, the company had a net deferred tax asset of $ 2,574,000 (Rs.
10,84,68,360). A full valuation allowance was established against the net
deferred tax asset based on management's belief that it is more likely
than not that this asset will not be realized.
<PAGE>
Yantra Corporation
(a subsidiary of Infosys Technologies Limited under the Companies Act, 1956)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Financial statements
for the three months ended March 31, 1998
and the year ended December 31, 1997
Registered office
1209, Orange Street,
City of Wilmington,
New Castle County,
Delaware 19801, USA
Board of directors
Donald W. Feddersen...................Chairman
Devdutt Yellurkar......Chief Executive Officer
Bill Draper...........................Director
Gopalakrishnan S......................Director
Phaneesh Murthy.......................Director
Auditors
BDO Seidman, LLP
Accountants and Consultants
<PAGE>
Independent auditors' report
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
To the Board of Directors and Stockholder of
Yantra Corporation
Acton, Massachusetts
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Yantra Corporation (a
subsidiary of Infosys Technologies Limited) as of March 31, 1998 and December
31, 1997, and the related statements of loss, stockholder's equity (deficit) and
cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 1998 and the year ended December
31, 1997. These financial statements are the responsibility of the company's
management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial
statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in
all material respects, the financial position of Yantra Corporation at March 31,
1998 and December 31, 1997, and the results of its operations and its cash flows
for the periods then ended in conformity with generally accepted accounting
principles.
Sd
Boston, Massachusetts BDO Seidman, LLP
April 3, 1998
<PAGE>
Yantra Corporation
Balance sheets as at
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
March 31, 1998 December 31, 1997
in US$ in Rs.* in US$ in Rs.*
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
ASSETS
Current
Cash and cash equivalents 2,465,372 9,73,32,887 3,301,005 12,93,99,396
Accounts receivable 323,547 1,27,73,636 86,089 33,74,689
Prepaid expenses 53,714 21,20,629 65,369 25,62,465
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total current assets 2,842,633 11,22,27,152 3,452,463 13,53,36,550
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Property and equipment, net (Note 2) 243,196 96,01,378 172,947 67,79,522
Other assets
Organizational costs, net of accumulated amortization of
$ 4,329 (Rs. 1,70,909) and
$ 2,235 (Rs. 87,612), respectively 4,052 1,59,973 4,471 1,75,263
Software license, net of accumulated amortization of
$ 416,666 (Rs. 1,64,49,974) and
$ 333,333 (Rs. 1,30,66,654) (Note 3) 583,334 2,30,30,026 666,667 2,61,33,347
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total assets 3,673,215 14,50,18,529 4,296,548 16,84,24,682
===============================================================================================================
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Liabilities
Accounts payable - Trade 54,284 21,43,132 115,120 45,12,704
- Affiliate (Note 3) 227,253 89,71,948 312,385 1,22,45,492
Accrued expenses 102,779 40,57,715 42,212 16,54,710
Deferred revenue 283,768 1,12,03,161 43,534 17,06,533
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total liabilities 668,084 2,63,75,956 513,251 2,01,19,439
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value;
5,000,000 shares authorized and outstanding (Note 5) 3,812,647 15,05,23,305 3,756,397 14,72,50,763
Commitments (Notes 4, 5 and 6)
Stockholders' equity (Notes 3 and 6):
Common stock, $ 0.01 par value;
20,000,000 shares authorized;
7,500,000 shares outstanding 75,000 29,61,000 75,000 29,40,000
Additional paid-in capital 1,425,000 5,62,59,000 1,425,000 5,58,60,000
Accumulated deficit (2,307,516) (9,11,00,732) (1,473,100) (5,77,45,520)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total stockholders' equity (deficit) (807,516) (3,18,80,732) 26,900 10,54,480
===============================================================================================================
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit) 3,673,215 14,50,18,529 4,296,548 16,84,24,682
===============================================================================================================
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
* The Rupee equivalent of US dollar amounts for the three months ended March
31, 1998 and the year ended December 31, 1997 have been arrived at by
converting at the closing exchange rate of US$ 1 = Rs. 39.48 and US$ 1 =
Rs. 39.20 respectively. This information is being provided in compliance
with the directions of the Department of Company Affairs, Government of
India, under Section 212(8) of the Companies Act, 1956, vide their letter
no. 47/3/98-CL:III, dated November 20, 1998.
<PAGE>
Yantra Corporation
Statements of Loss
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For the three months ended For the year ended
March 31, 1998 December 31, 1997
in US$ in Rs.* in US$ in Rs.*
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net revenues (Note 1) 245,489 96,91,906 1,419,845 5,56,57,924
Cost of revenues (Note 3) 216,281 85,38,774 617,316 2,41,98,787
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross profit 29,208 11,53,132 802,529 3,14,59,137
Operating expenses (Note 3)
Research and development 331,999 1,31,07,321 907,557 3,55,76,234
Selling expense 242,553 95,75,992 274,868 1,07,74,826
General and administrative 155,351 61,33,257 480,659 1,88,41,833
Depreciation and amortization 104,466 41,24,318 372,539 1,46,03,529
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total operating expenses 834,369 3,29,40,888 2,035,623 7,97,96,422
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Loss from operations (805,161) (3,17,87,756) (1,233,094) (4,83,37,285)
Other income, net 26,995 10,65,763 42,154 16,52,437
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net loss (778,166) (3,07,21,993) (1,190,940) (4,66,84,848)
===============================================================================================================
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
Statement of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Common stock Additional Accumulated
Shares Amount Paid-in capital Deficit Total
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance, December 31, 1996
(amount in US$) 7,500,000 75,000 1,425,000 (225,910) 1,274,090
(amount in Rs.) 26,92,500 5,11,57,500 (81,10,169) 4,57,39,831
Net loss for the year
(amount in US$) -- -- -- (1,190,940) (1,190,940)
(amount in Rs.) -- -- (4,66,84,848) (4,66,84,848)
Accrued dividends on Series A
Convertible Preferred Stock
(amount in US$) -- -- -- (56,250) (56,250)
(amount in Rs.) -- -- (22,05,000) (22,05,000)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance, December 31, 1997
(amount in US$) 7,500,000 75,000 1,425,000 (1,473,100) 26,900
(amount in Rs.) 29,40,000 5,58,60,000 (5,77,45,520) 10,54,480
Net loss for the period
(amount in US$) -- -- -- (778,166) (778,166)
(amount in Rs.) -- -- (3,07,21,994) (3,07,21,994)
Accrued dividends on Series A
Convertible Preferred Stock
(amount in US$) -- -- -- (56,250) (56,250)
(amount in Rs.) -- -- (22,20,750) (22,20,750)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance, March 31, 1998
(amount in US$) 7,500,000 75,000 1,425,000 (2,307,516) (807,516)
(amount in Rs.) 29,61,000 5,62,59,000 (9,11,00,732) (3,18,80,732)
=============================================================================================================
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
<PAGE>
Yantra Corporation
Statements of Cash Flows
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For the three months ended For the year ended
March 31, 1998 December 31, 1997
in US$ in Rs.* in US$ in Rs.*
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss (778,166) (3,07,21,994) (1,190,940) (4,66,84,848)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash
used by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization 104,466 41,24,318 372,539 1,46,03,529
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable (237,458) (93,74,842) 52,527 20,59,058
Prepaid expenses 11,655 4,60,139 (49,879) (19,55,257)
Accounts payable - Trade (60,836) (24,01,805) 98,241 38,51,047
Accounts payable - Affiliate (85,132) (33,61,011) 120,649 47,29,441
Accrued expenses 60,567 23,91,185 15,624 6,12,461
Deferred revenue 240,234 94,84,438 11,659 4,57,033
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash used by operating activities (744,670) (293,99,572) (569,580) (2,23,27,536)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchase of property and equipment (90,963) (35,91,219) (144,335) (56,57,932)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash used by investing activities (90,963) (35,91,219) (144,335) (56,57,932)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Net proceeds from issuance of
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock -- -- 3,700,147 14,50,45,762
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash provided by financing activities -- -- 3,700,147 14,50,45,762
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (835,633) (3,29,90,791) 2,986,232 11,70,60,294
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 3,301,005 13,03,23,677 314,773 1,23,39,102
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year 2,465,372 9,73,32,886 3,301,005 12,93,99,396
=================================================================================================================================
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH INFORMATION
Cash paid during the year for
Interest -- -- 27 1,058
</TABLE>
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NONCASH FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES:
The company accrued dividends related to the Series A Convertible Preferred
Stock in the amount of $56,250 (Rs. 22,05,000) for both the three months ended
March 31, 1998 and the period of issuance (September 29, 1997) to December 31,
1997.
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
<PAGE>
Yantra Corporation
Notes to Financial Statements
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Summary of Accounting Policies
Business operations
Yantra Corporation (the "company") is a Delaware Corporation formed for
the purposes of developing, providing and implementing support for
software products. The company is a subsidiary of Infosys Technologies
Limited, an Indian corporation.
Assumptions and estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires company's management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported accounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the
date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and
expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from
those estimates.
Revenue recognition
In 1998 the company adopted Statement of Position 92-2 "Software Revenue
Recognition" ("SOP 97-2"). This statement provides guidance on applying
generally accepted accounting principles in recognizing revenue on
software transactions as follows:
o If an arrangement to deliver software or software system requires
significant production, modification, or customization of software,
the entire arrangement should be accounted for in conformity with
Accounting Research Bulletin No. 45 "Long-Term Construction-Type
Contracts", and Statement of Position 81-1 "Accounting for the
Performance of Construction-Type and Certain Production-Type
Contracts".
o If an arrangement to deliver software or software system does not
require significant production, modification, or customization of
software, revenue is recognized when the following criteria are met;
1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, ii) delivery has
occurred, iii) the vendor's fee is fixed or determinable, iv)
collectibility is probable.
o Software arrangements may provide licenses for multiple software
deliverables such as, additional software products, upgrades/
enhancements, post contract customer service, or services, which are
termed multiple elements. A number of the elements may be described
in the arrangement as being a when-and-if-available basis.
When-and-if available deliverables is considered to be an element of
the arrangement, revenue must be allocated to the when-and-if
available deliverable and are deferred until the when-and-if
available deliverable is delivered.
Cash equivalents
All highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when
purchased are considered to be cash equivalents.
Stock options
The company has adopted the provisions of the Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation." SFAS No. 123 allows the company to account for its
stock-based employee compensation plans based upon either a
fair-value-based method or the intrinsic value method previously allowed.
The company uses the intrinsic value method of accounting for stock-based
employee compensation plans. The company is required to disclose the pro
forma net income or loss in the notes to the financial statements using
the fair-value-based method. Transactions in which non-employee services
are received in exchange for the issuance of stock options are accounted
for based on the fair value of the services received or the fair value of
the stock options issued, whichever is more reliably measurable.
<PAGE>
Significant sales and concentration of risk
In the three months ended March 31, 1998 and the year ended December 31,
1997, the company derived revenue from a single client totaling
approximately $181,000 (Rs. 71,45,880) or 74% and $1,226,000 (Rs.
4,80,59,200) or 86% of total revenues, respectively. The company's
accounts receivable are from clients in various industries. Although
collateral is not required, the company provides for estimated reserves
for potential credit losses, and such losses have not exceeded
management's expectation.
Property and equipment
Property and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using
the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Classification Years
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Furniture and fixtures 6
Computers 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Organization costs
Organization costs are being amortized over 60 months using the
straight-line method.
License
The value assigned to the company's software license (see Note 3) is being
amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated economic life
of 3 years. The company reviews at each balance sheet date the value of
its software license for impairment. The company's valuation is
principally based on the ongoing value of the related product and its
estimated future cash flows.
Income taxes
The company accounts for income taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109,
"Accounting for Income Taxes". Under SFAS No. 109, deferred tax assets or
liabilities are computed based on the differences between the financial
statement and the income tax basis of assets and liabilities using the
enacted tax rates. The company records a valuation allowance against
deferred tax assets unless it is more likely than not that such assets
will be realized in future periods. Deferred income tax expenses or
credits are based on changes in the assets or liabilities from period to
period.
2. Property and equipment
Property and equipment consist of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
March 31, 1998 December 31, 1997
in US$ in Rs. in US$ in Rs.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Furniture and fixtures 92,398 36,47,873 75,686 29,66,891
Computers 226,339 89,35,864 152,094 59,62,085
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
318,737 1,25,83,737 227,780 89,28,976
Less accumulated depreciation (75,541) (29,82,359) (54,833) (21,49,454)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net property and equipment 243,196 96,01,378 172,947 67,79,522
===============================================================================================
</TABLE>
3. Related parties
During 1996 Infosys Technologies Limited (the "Parent Company")
transferred all the rights, title and interest in and to the product Eagle
(known as "WMSYantra"), to the company in exchange for 5,000,000 shares of
the company's common stock. Management assigned a value of $1,000,000 to
the software license based on its estimate of market value. Management
determined the estimated market value based on the product's discounted
future cash flows.
The company entered into an Agreement for a software center (the
"Agreement") beginning November 1, 1995 with its parent Infosys
Technologies Limited, an Indian corporation.
The Parent Company set up a Software Center (the "Center") in Infosys,
Bangalore to cater to Yantra's exclusive needs. The Center is completely
managed and staffed by the Parent Company and is located within the
Infosys
<PAGE>
Software development facility. The Center has a number of employees
trained in Yantra's practices and standards who work exclusively on
Yantra's products and projects. The Center will be viewed as an extension
to Yantra's product development facility and all prioritization of work is
done by Yantra.
The following services are available from the Center:
o Product Development, Enhancement, Upgrades, Version Control, etc.
o Product Support, including Beeper Support Operations
o Implementation and Implementation Consulting
o Documentation
o Training Services
The company pays the Parent Company a flat rate per person per month for
the number of people committed to the Center. The cost incurred under this
contract for the three months ended March 31, 1998 and the year ended
December 31, 1997 was $541,284 (Rs. 2,13,69,892) and $1,475,862 (Rs.
5,78,53,790) respectively, and is included in the accompanying statements
of operations under the following captions:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For the three months ended For the year ended
March 31, 1998 December 31, 1997
in US$ in Rs. in US$ in Rs.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Cost of revenues 214,111 84,53,102 617,316 2,41,98,787
Research and development 309,173 1,22,06,150 849,546 3,33,02,203
General and administrative 18,000 7,10,640 9,000 3,52,800
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
For the three months ended March 31, 1998 and the year ended December 31,
1997, the company purchased approximately 95% and 84% respectively, of its
services from a related party. At December 31, 1997 and 1996, amounts due
to the related party supplier amounted to $227,253 (Rs. 89,08,318) and
$312,385 (Rs. 1,12,14,622), respectively.
4. Commitments
The company leases its operating facilities under an operating lease which
expires on October 14, 1998. Total rent expense for the year ended March
31, 1998 and for the year ended December 31, 1997 was $21,740 (Rs.
8,58,295) and $61,039 (Rs. 23,92,729), respectively.
5. Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
On September 29, 1997 the company sold 5,000,000 shares of Series A
Convertible Preferred Stock $.01 par value for $3,750,000 in cash, less
related offering costs of $49,853. Under the company's Amendment of the
Certificate of Incorporation, the holders of the Series A Convertible
Preferred shares shall be entitled to the following rights, privileges and
restrictions:
Dividends
In the event a dividend is declared for the common stock of the company,
then the holders of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock shall be
entitled to receive in addition to any accrued dividends, dividends at the
same rate as dividends paid with respect to the common stock (treating
each share of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock as being equal to the
number of shares of common stock into which each share of Series A
Convertible Preferred Stock is then convertible).
The holders of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to
dividends at 6% per annum in $.75, being the original issued price. At
March 31, 1998, accrued dividends amounted to $112,500 (Rs. 44,41,500).
There were no dividends paid during 1998 and 1997.
Right to convert
The company's Series A Preferred Stock may, at the option of the holder,
be converted at any time into common stock, at a conversion rate as
defined in the company's Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation.
All outstanding shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock shall be
converted automatically into shares of common stock in the event of an
initial public offering with aggregate gross proceeds of at least
$10,000,000.
<PAGE>
Mandatory redemption
On or after September 29, 2004, the company shall, at the written election
of holders of at least 75% of the then outstanding shares of Series A
Convertible Preferred Stock, be required to redeem the outstanding shares
at a price of $.75 per share plus any accrued dividends.
6. Stock options
Effective September 29, 1997, the company implemented the 1997 Stock Plan
(the "Plan"). The Plan provides for the issuance of up to 2,500,000 stock
options, as defined in the Plan. Stock options granted under the Plan will
allow eligible participants to purchase the company's common stock at a
price determined by the company's Board of Directors on the date of grant.
The purchase price per share of Incentive Stock Options ("ISOs"), as
defined under Internal Revenue Code Section 422(b), shall not be less than
100% (110%, in the case of ISOs granted to a greater-than-10% shareholder)
of the fair market value of the company's common stock on the date of
grant. The Plan also allows for the issuance of options which do not
qualify as ISOs ("Non-Qualified Options").
On September 29, 1997, the company granted certain officers of the company
options to purchase a maximum of 700,000 shares of its common stock, $.01
par value, at the price of $.10 per share. Shares of common stock issuable
under these options vest as follows:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31 Non-Qualified Incentive
Stock options Stock options
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1997 10,000 60,000
1998 15,000 90,000
1999 20,000 120,000
2000 25,000 150,000
2001 30,000 180,000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
100,000 600,000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The above options expire on September 29, 2007. At March 31, 1998, no
options were exercised.
The company accounts for its stock-based compensation using the intrinsic
value method. Accordingly, no compensation cost has been recognized for
its stock options issued to employees during the periods ended March 31,
1998 and December 31, 1997. Vesting of the above options may accelerate
upon certain events, as defined in the Plan. The compensation cost related
to the company's 70,000 vested employee stock options at December 31,
1997, based on the fair value of the options at the grant date, was
determined not to be material to the company's results of operations or
financial position as of March 31, 1998 and December 31, 1997.
7. Income taxes
The Company has a net operating loss carryforward for US Federal and State
tax purposes of approximately $2,190,000 (Rs. 8,58,48,000) as of December
31, 1997, which is available to offset future taxable income. The net
operating loss carryforward expires at various dates through 2011. The
deferred tax asset related to such carryforward benefit was approximately
$854,000 (Rs. 3,37,15,920) and $558,000 (Rs. 2,18,73,600) at March 31,
1998 and December 31, 1997, respectively. The Company has established a
valuation allowance equal in amount to the deferred tax asset, as there is
uncertainty about the realizability of the deferred tax assets.
8. Reclassifications
Certain previously reported amounts have been reclassified to conform to
the 1998 presentation.
<PAGE>
Independent Auditors' Report on Supplemental Material
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Our audits of the basic financial statements included in the preceding section
of this report were performed for the purpose of forming an opinion on those
statements taken as a whole. The supplemental material presented in the
following section of this report is presented for purposes of additional
analysis and is not a required part of the basic financial statements. Such
information has been subjected to the auditing procedures applied in the audit
of the basic financial statements and, in our opinion, is fairly stated in all
material respects in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a
whole.
Sd
Boston, Massachusetts BDO Seidman, LLP
April 3, 1998
Schedules of General and Administrative Expenses
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For the three months ended For the year ended
March 31, 1998 December 31, 1997
in US$ in Rs.* in US$ in Rs.*
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Audit fee 30,459 12,02,521 4,125 1,61,700
Travel, entertainment and vehicle expenses 24,965 9,85,618 63,362 24,83,790
Professional salaries 23,998 9,47,441 90,000 35,28,000
Rent 19,670 7,76,572 33,172 13,00,342
Legal and professional 14,505 5,72,657 59,219 23,21,385
Excise tax 8,511 3,36,014 7,829 3,06,897
Telephone 8,081 3,19,038 13,131 5,14,735
Office salaries 6,338 2,50,224 17,750 6,95,800
Payroll taxes 4,913 1,93,965 10,456 4,09,875
Office supplies and expenses 4,363 1,72,251 6,502 2,54,878
Outside services 3,698 1,45,997 92,320 36,18,944
Insurance 1,931 76,236 9,152 3,58,758
Repairs and maintenance 1,876 74,064 6,332 2,48,214
Postage and delivery 1,157 45,678 10,202 3,99,918
Equipment rental 431 17,016 3,020 1,18,384
Utilities 197 7,778 704 27,597
Payroll processing 180 7,106 374 14,661
License 59 2,329 5,644 2,21,245
Bank service charges and filing fees 19 750 5,434 2,13,013
Computer expenses -- -- 22,380 8,77,296
Dues and subscriptions -- -- 7,880 3,08,896
Printing -- -- 6,526 2,55,819
Other operating expenses -- -- 3,461 1,35,671
Fines and penalties -- -- 1,091 42,767
Contributions -- -- 300 11,760
Interest expense -- -- 293 11,486
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total general and administrative expenses 155,351 61,33,255 480,659 1,88,41,831
===============================================================================================================
</TABLE>
See Independent Auditors' Report on Supplemental Material.
<PAGE>
Financial statements for the
year ended March 31, 1999
prepared in accordance with
United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[GRAPHIC]
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Learning without thought is labor lost;
thought without learning is perilous.
Confucious
(551 - 479 B. C.)
<PAGE>
Summary of consolidated financial data
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Five-year data
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
In thousands, except per equity share data
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997 1996 1995
(Audited) (Unaudited)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Statement of operations 1,2
Revenue $ 120,955 $ 68,330 $ 39,586 $ 26,607 $ 18,105
Cost of revenue 65,331 40,157 22,615 15,638 10,606
Gross profit 55,624 28,173 16,971 10,969 7,499
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses 16,199 13,225 7,010 4,350 3,344
Amortization of deferred stock
compensation expense 3,646 1,520 768 361 46
Compensation arising from stock split 12,906 1,047 -- -- --
Total operating expenses 32,751 15,792 7,778 4,711 3,390
Operating Income 22,873 12,381 9,193 6,258 4,109
Equity in loss of deconsolidated subsidiary (2,086) -- -- -- --
Other income, net 1,537 801 769 1,460 747
Income before income taxes 22,324 13,182 9,962 7,718 4,856
Provision for income taxes 4,877 770 1,320 894 893
Subsidiary preferred stock dividends -- 68 -- -- --
Net income $ 17,446 $ 12,344 $ 8,642 $ 6,824 $ 3,963
Earnings per equity share 1,3
Basic $ 0.57 $ 0.41 $ 0.30 $ 0.24 $ 0.14
Diluted $ 0.57 $ 0.41 $ 0.29 $ 0.23 $ 0.14
Equity shares used in computing
earnings per equity share: 1,3
Basic 30,689 29,788 29,036 29,034 28,292
Diluted 30,754 30,404 29,704 29,284 28,376
Cash dividend per equity share 4 $ 0.18 $ 0.07 $ 0.04 $ 0.04 $ 0.04
Balance sheet data:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 98,875 $ 15,419 $ 8,320 $ 7,769 $ 8,046
Total assets 153,658 48,782 32,923 27,261 23,051
Total long-term debt -- -- -- 526 1,398
Total shareholders' equity $ 139,610 $ 41,146 $ 30,640 $ 23,925 $ 19,668
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
1. The information presented above reflects the company's 2-for-1 stock split
by means of a stock dividend announced on December 20, 1998.
2. The accounts of Yantra Corporation, an erstwhile subsidiary, were
consolidated with the financial statements of the company prior to April
1, 1998 and have been accounted for by the equity method in fiscal 1999.
3. The earnings per share calculations for fiscal year 1999, includes
1,035,000 equity shares (representing 2,070,000 ADSs) issued during March
1999.
4. The dividends are declared in Indian rupees as a percentage to the par
value of shares. Amounts presented have been translated into US dollars
and are indicative. The dividends are paid pro rata from the date of
holding of shares.
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<PAGE>
Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of
operations
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Investors are cautioned that this discussion contains forward-looking statements
that involve risks and uncertainties. When used in this discussion, the words
"anticipate", "believe", "estimate", "intend", "will" and "expect" and other
similar expressions as they relate to the company or its business are intended
to identify such forward-looking statements. The company undertakes no
obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether
as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. Actual results,
performances or achievements could differ materially from those expressed or
implied in such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or
contribute to such differences include those described under the heading "Risk
Factors" in the Prospectus filed with the SEC, as well as the factors discussed
elsewhere in the Form 20-F, included in this report. Readers are cautioned not
to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements that speak only as
of their dates. The following discussion and analysis should be read in
conjunction with the company's financial statements included herein and the
notes thereto.
1. Overview
Infosys is an India-based IT services company formed in 1981 that utilizes
an extensive offshore infrastructure to provide managed software solutions
to clients worldwide. The company's services include custom software
development, maintenance (including Year 2000 conversion) and
re-engineering services as well as dedicated Offshore Software Development
Centers (OSDC) for certain clients. From fiscal 1995 through fiscal 1999,
total revenue increased from $ 18.1 million to $ 120.96 million, the
number of the company's software professionals worldwide increased from
approximately 585 to approximately 3,160, and the number of its
India-based software development centers increased from two to eleven.
The company's revenues are generated principally from software services
provided on either a fixed-price, fixed-time frame or a time-and-materials
basis. Revenues from services provided on a time-and-materials basis are
recognized in the month that services are provided and related costs are
incurred. Revenues from services provided on a fixed-price, fixed-time
frame basis are recognized upon the achievement of specified milestones
identified in the related contracts, in accordance with the percentage of
completion method. Cost of completion estimates are subject to periodic
revisions. Although the company has revised its project completion
estimates from time to time, such revisions have not, to date, had a
material adverse effect on the company's operating results or financial
condition. Since the company bears the risk of cost overruns and inflation
with respect to its fixed-price, fixed-time frame projects, the company's
operating results could be adversely affected by inaccurate estimates of
contract completion costs and dates, including wage inflation rates and
currency exchange rates that may affect cost projections. The company also
develops and markets certain software products, including banking software
that is licensed primarily to clients in Asia and Africa. Such software
products represented 3.2% of total revenue in fiscal 1999. The company
derived 82.0% of its total revenue from North America, 9.3% from Europe,
1.7% from India and 7.0% from ROW in fiscal 1999.
In fiscal 1999 and fiscal 1998, the company derived 19.8% and 23.3% of its
total revenue, respectively, from Year 2000 conversion projects. The
company expects that Year 2000 conversion projects will decline
substantially during fiscal 2000. In line with its risk management
policies, the company has consistently limited its dependence on Year 2000
conversion projects, and has only accepted such projects where there are
opportunities to create long-term relationships with its clients. The
company expects that the decline in Year 2000 conversion projects will be
adequately made up by other projects from these and other clients, and
that the decline in Year 2000 conversion projects will not have a material
adverse effect upon the company's business, financial condition and
results of operations. However, there can be no assurance that: the
company will be successful in generating additional business from its Year
2000 clients for other services; the company will be successful in
replacing Year 2000 conversion projects with other projects as the Year
2000 business declines; or the margins from any such future projects will
be comparable to those obtained from Year 2000 conversion projects.
Cost of revenue consists, primarily, of salary and other compensation
expenses, depreciation, data communications expenses, computer
maintenance, cost of software for internal use, certain pre-opening
expenses
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for new software development centers, and foreign travel expenses. The
company depreciates personal computers and servers over two years and
mainframe computers over three years. Third party software is expensed in
the period in which it is acquired.
The company assumes full project management responsibility for each
project that it undertakes. Approximately 80% of the work on a project is
performed at the company's facilities in India, and the balance of the
work is performed at the client site. The proportions of work performed at
company facilities and at client sites varies from quarter to quarter. The
company charges higher rates and incurs higher compensation expenses for
work performed at the client site. Services performed at a client site
typically generate higher revenues per capita, but at a lower gross
margin, than the same quantum of services performed at company facilities
in India. As a result, total revenue, cost of revenue and gross profit in
absolute terms, and as a percentage of revenue, fluctuate from quarter to
quarter based on the proportions of work performed offshore at company
facilities and at client sites.
Revenue and gross profit are also affected by employee utilization rates.
Utilization rates depend, among other factors, on the number of employees
enrolled for in-house training programs, particularly the 14-week training
course provided to new employees. Since a large percentage of new hires
begin their training in the second quarter, utilization rates have
historically been lower in the second and third quarters of a fiscal year.
Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of expenses
relating to salary and other compensation, travel, marketing,
telecommunications, management, finance, administration and rentals.
Other income includes interest income and income from the sale of special
import licenses. Under current export-import policy, exports by Indian
companies generate credits for the exporter called "special import
licenses". These credits can be sold and also used for the import of goods
included on a "restricted list" maintained by the Government of India. The
value of these special import licenses has declined over time, as the
restricted list has been shortened. The company's general policy is to
sell such special import licenses in the period in which it receives such
credits.
2. Results of operations
2.1 Fiscal year ended March 31, 1999 compared to fiscal year ended March
31, 1998
Revenue. Total revenue was $ 120.96 million for fiscal 1999, representing
an increase of 77.1% over total revenue of $ 68.3 million for fiscal 1998.
Revenue continued to increase in all segments of the company's services.
Custom software development, re-engineering, maintenance and software
development through OSDCs formed a majority of the company's revenues. The
increase in revenue was attributable, in part, to a substantial increase
in business from certain existing clients and from certain new clients,
particularly in the manufacturing and financial services industries.
Revenue growth was also attributable to an increase in Year 2000
conversion projects, which represented 19.8% of total revenue for fiscal
1999 as compared to 23.3% of total revenue for fiscal 1998. Net sales of
Bancs2000 and other products represented 3.2% of total revenue for fiscal
1999 as compared to 5.4% for fiscal 1998. Revenue from services
represented 96.8% of total revenue for fiscal 1999 as compared to 94.6%
for fiscal 1998. Revenue from fixed-price, fixed-time frame contracts and
from time-and-materials contracts represented 36.0% and 64.0%,
respectively, of total revenue for fiscal 1999 as compared to 35.8% and
64.2%, respectively, for fiscal 1998. Revenue from North America and
Europe represented 82.0% and 9.3%, respectively, of total revenue for
fiscal 1999 as compared to 82.3% and 9.0%, respectively, for fiscal 1998.
Cost of Revenue. Cost of revenue was $ 65.3 million for fiscal 1999,
representing an increase of 62.7% over the cost of revenue of $ 40.2
million for fiscal 1998. The cost of revenue represented 54.0% and 58.8%
of total revenues for fiscal 1999 and 1998. This marginal decrease in
costs as a percentage of total revenue was attributable to a favorable
business mix and a decrease in depreciation and software expenses, which
represented 10.0% of total revenues in fiscal 1999 as compared to 12.5% of
total revenue for fiscal 1998. The decrease was partially offset by an
increase in compensation rates. The cost of revenue for services
represented 53.4% and 58.9% of revenues for services for fiscal 1999 and
1998. Cost of revenue for product sales represented 75.8% and 57.2% of
revenues for product sales for fiscal 1999 and 1998.
Gross Profit. As a result of the foregoing, the gross profit was $ 55.6
million for fiscal 1999, representing an increase of 97.4% over the gross
profit of $ 28.2 million for fiscal 1998. This increase was attributable
to a
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<PAGE>
favorable business mix and a decrease in depreciation and software
expenses as a percentage of total revenue due to improved infrastructure
utilization. As a percentage of total revenue, the gross profit increased
to 46.0% for fiscal 1999 from 41.2% for fiscal 1998. The gross profit from
the sales of Bancs2000 and other products was $ 0.9 million for fiscal
1999, a decrease of 47.1% from the gross profit of $ 1.7 million for
fiscal 1998. The gross profit from services was $ 54.7 million for fiscal
1999, an increase of 107.2% over the gross profit of $ 26.4 million for
fiscal 1998. As a percentage of product revenue, the gross profit from
product sales decreased to 24.2% for fiscal 1999 from 42.8% for fiscal
1998. As a percentage of service revenues, the gross profit from services
increased to 46.6% for fiscal 1999 from 41.1% for fiscal 1998.
Selling, General and Administrative expenses. Selling, general and
administrative (SGA) expenses were $ 16.2 million for fiscal 1999, an
increase of 22.5% over selling, general and administrative expenses of $
13.2 million for fiscal 1998. Selling, general and administrative expenses
were 13.4% and 19.4% of total revenue for fiscal 1999 and 1998. This
decrease in SGA expense as a percentage of revenues was a result of the
company's ability to increase revenues in 1999 without a proportionate
increase in management, finance, administrative, and occupancy costs.
Salaries for support staff represented 4.4% of total revenue for fiscal
1999, while rent and office maintenance represented 2.5% of total revenue
for fiscal 1999 as compared to 5.5% and 3.6%, respectively, for fiscal
1998.
Amortization of Deferred Stock Compensation Expense. Amortization of
deferred stock compensation expense was $ 16.6 million for fiscal 1999, an
increase of 544.9% over amortization of deferred stock compensation
expense of $ 2.6 million for fiscal 1998. Compensation expense increased
for new grants of stock purchase rights in part because of the rising
market price of the equity shares. The increase in deferred stock
compensation expense also reflects the continued amortization of
compensation expense from stock purchase rights granted in prior periods.
In the third quarter of fiscal 1998, the company recognized a non-cash
compensation expense of $ 1.6 million. Charges were higher in that quarter
because additional equity shares were issued to participants in the
Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) as part of the company's 1997 stock
dividend. Since these additional equity shares were not subject to
vesting, the non-cash compensation expense for such shares was accelerated
in one quarter rather than amortized over the remaining vesting period. In
the fourth quarter of fiscal 1999, the company recognized a non-cash
compensation expense of $ 14.1 million, including an accelerated charge of
$ 12.9 million as part of the company's 1998 stock dividend. As in fiscal
1998, the equity shares issued to ESOP participants in connection with the
stock dividend were not subject to vesting. As a result, one-half of the
deferred stock compensation expense that would have been amortized over
the remaining vesting periods for the equity shares issued under the ESOP
was accelerated in the fourth quarter of fiscal 1999.
Operating Income. The operating income was $ 22.9 million for fiscal 1999,
an increase of 84.7% over the operating income of $ 12.4 million for
fiscal 1998. As a percentage of revenues, operating income increased to
18.9% for fiscal 1999 from 18.0% for fiscal 1998. Excluding the
amortization of deferred stock compensation expense, the operating margin
is 32.6% for fiscal 1999 as compared to 21.8% for fiscal 1998.
Other Income. Other income was $ 1.54 million for fiscal 1999 as compared
to $ 0.80 million for fiscal 1998. This increase in other income was due
to an increase in interest income resulting from the investment of a
larger cash balance, partly arising out of proceeds of the ADS issue
during March 1999, and from the sale of Yantra preferred stock, offset in
part by a decrease in income from the sale of special import licenses
during fiscal 1999, as compared to fiscal 1998.
Provision for Income Taxes. Provision for income taxes was $ 4.9 million
for fiscal 1999 as compared to $ 0.8 million for fiscal 1998. The
company's effective tax rate increased to 21.8% for fiscal 1999 as
compared to 5.8% for fiscal 1998. The effective tax rate increased due to
an increase in amortization of deferred stock compenstation expense which
reduced the pretax income substantially, and an increase in foreign tax
liabilities offset, in part, by a decrease in Indian tax liability
resulting from a higher proportion of the company's operations qualifying
for Indian tax exemptions applicable to designated Software Technology
Parks.
Net Income. The net income was $ 17.4 million for fiscal 1999, an increase
of 41.3% over the net income of $ 12.4 million for fiscal 1998. As a
percentage of total revenue, the net income decreased to 14.4% for fiscal
1999 from 18.1% for fiscal 1998.
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2.2 Fiscal year ended March 31, 1998 compared to fiscal year ended March
31, 1997
Revenue. Total revenue was $ 68.3 million for fiscal 1998, representing an
increase of 72.6% over total revenue of $ 39.6 million for fiscal 1997.
This increase was attributable in part to significant increases in
revenues from Year 2000 conversion projects, which represented 23.3% of
total revenue for fiscal 1998 as compared to 7.5% of total revenue for
fiscal 1997. The revenue growth in fiscal 1998 included a substantial
increase in revenues from existing clients, particularly in the retailing
industry, as well as revenues from new clients, particularly in the
financial services and telecommunications industries. This increase was
partially offset by a reduction in sales of the Bancs2000 product
resulting from a slowdown of computerization activities by Indian banks.
Net sales of Bancs2000 and other products represented 5.4% of total
revenue for fiscal 1998 as compared to 12.7% for fiscal 1997. Revenues
from services represented 94.6% of total revenue for fiscal 1998 as
compared to 87.3% for fiscal 1997. Revenues from fixed-price, fixed-time
frame contracts and from time-and-materials contracts represented 35.8%
and 64.2%, respectively, of total revenue for fiscal 1998 as compared to
37.0% and 63.0%, respectively, for fiscal 1997. North America and Europe
represented 82.3% and 9.0%, respectively, of total revenue for fiscal 1998
as compared to 78.5% and 8.2%, respectively, for fiscal 1997.
Cost of Revenues. Cost of revenues was $ 40.2 million for fiscal 1998,
representing an increase of 77.6% over cost of revenues of $ 22.6 million
for fiscal 1997. Cost of revenues represented 58.8% and 57.1% of total
revenue for fiscal 1998 and 1997, respectively. This marginal increase as
a percentage of revenues is attributable to an increase in depreciation
and software expenses, which represented 12.5% of total revenues for
fiscal 1998 as compared to 10.4% for fiscal 1997. The increase was
partially offset by a favorable business mix, especially in certain
fixed-price, fixed-time frame services. Cost of revenues for services
represented 58.9% and 57.1% of total revenue for services for fiscal 1998
and 1997, respectively. Cost of revenues for product sales represented
57.2% and 57.3% of total revenue for product sales for fiscal 1998 and
1997, respectively.
Gross Profit. As a result of the foregoing, gross profit was $ 28.2
million for fiscal 1998, representing an increase of 66.0% over gross
profit of $ 17.0 million for fiscal 1997. As a percentage of total
revenue, gross profit decreased to 41.2% for fiscal 1998 from 42.9% for
fiscal 1997. Gross profit from sales of Bancs2000 and other products was $
1.7 million for fiscal 1998, a decrease of 22.7% from gross profit of $
2.2 million for fiscal 1997. Gross profit from services was $ 26.4 million
for fiscal 1998, an increase of 78.4% over gross profit of $ 14.8 million
for fiscal 1997. As a percentage of product revenues, gross profit from
product sales increased to 42.8% for fiscal 1998 from 42.7% for fiscal
1997. As a percentage of service revenues, gross profit from services
decreased to 41.1% for fiscal 1998 from 42.9% for fiscal 1997.
Selling, General and Administrative expenses. Selling, general and
administrative expenses were $ 13.2 million for fiscal 1998, an increase
of 88.7% over selling, general and administrative expenses of $ 7.0
million for fiscal 1997. Selling, general and administrative expenses were
19.4% and 17.7% of total revenue for fiscal 1998 and 1997, respectively.
This increase as a percentage of revenues was a result of an increase in
salaries for administrative and support staff and an increase in rent and
other expenses as the company expanded the number of sales offices and
offshore software development facilities. Salaries for support staff
represented 5.5% of total revenue and rent and office maintenance
represented 3.6% of total revenue for fiscal 1998 as compared to 4.7% and
2.9%, respectively, for fiscal 1997.
Amortization of Deferred Stock Compensation Expense. Amortization of
deferred stock compensation expense was $ 2.6 million for fiscal 1998, an
increase of 234.2% over amortization of deferred stock compensation
expense of $ 768,000 for fiscal 1997. The expense recorded in fiscal 1998
included a charge of $ 1.6 million recognized in the third quarter of the
year. Compensation expense was higher in that quarter because equity
shares issued to participants in the ESOP in connection with the company's
1997 stock dividend were not subject to vesting, and accordingly, the
compensation expense related to such shares was recognized in one quarter
rather than being amortized over five years. Amortization of deferred
stock compensation expense was 3.8% of revenues in fiscal 1998 as compared
to 1.9% of revenues in fiscal 1997.
Operating Income. As a result of the foregoing, operating income was $
12.4 million for fiscal 1998, an increase of 34.7% over operating income
of $ 9.2 million for fiscal 1997. As a percentage of total revenue,
operating income decreased to 18.0% for fiscal 1998 from 23.3% for fiscal
1997. Excluding the amortization of deferred
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stock compensation expense, the operating margin would have been 21.8% for
fiscal 1998 as compared to 25.2% for fiscal 1997.
Other Income. Other income was $ 801,000 for fiscal 1998 as compared to $
769,000 for fiscal 1997 as a result of an increase in interest income.
Provision for Income Taxes. Provision for income taxes was $ 770,000 for
fiscal 1998 as compared to $ 1.3 million for fiscal 1997. The company's
effective tax rate decreased to 5.8% for fiscal 1998 as compared to 13.3%
for fiscal 1997. The effective tax rate declined as a higher proportion of
the company's operations qualified for Indian tax exemptions applicable to
designated Software Technology Parks.
Net Income. As a result of the foregoing, net income was $ 12.4 million
for fiscal 1998, an increase of 43.6% over net income of $ 8.6 million for
fiscal 1997. As a percentage of total revenue, net income decreased to
18.1% for fiscal 1998 from 21.9% for fiscal 1997.
2.3 Liquidity and capital resources
The growth of the company has been financed largely from cash generated
from operations and, to a lesser extent, from the proceeds of equity
issues and borrowings. In 1993, the company raised approximately $ 4.4
million in gross aggregate proceeds from its intial public offering of
equity shares on Indian stock exchanges. In 1994, the company raised an
additional $ 7.7 million through private placements of its equity shares
with foreign institutional investors. As on March 31, 1999, the company
had $ 98.9 million in cash and cash equivalents, $ 110.6 million in
working capital and no outstanding bank borrowings. As on March 31, 1999,
the company also had an aggregate facility of $ 1.2 million in working
capital line of credit from two commercial banks.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $ 40.9 million, $ 17.2
million and $ 9.4 million in fiscal 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively. Net
cash provided by operations consisted primarily of net income offset, in
part, by an increase in accounts receivable. In recent years, accounts
receivable have increased at a rate faster than sales. Accounts receivable
as a percentage of total revenue, represented 16.6%, 15.0% and 12.6%, for
fiscal 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively. Further, the average days
outstanding of accounts receivable has increased in the 31-60, 61-90 and
greater than 90 day aging periods and decreased in the 0-30 day aging
period. The company believes that this is due to an increase in proportion
of revenue from large companies, who tend to have better cash management
practices than smaller companies. The company does not expect significant
additional increases in the average-days-outstanding of its accounts
receivable. The company's policy on accounts receivable includes a
periodic review of all such outstandings. The company reviews, among other
things, the age, amount, and quality of each account receivable; the
relationship with, size of, and history of the client; and the quality of
service delivered by the company for the client to determine the
classification of an account receivable. Should the review so demand, the
company will classify the accounts into secured and unsecured (doubtful)
accounts. The company makes provisions for all accounts receivable
classified as unsecured or doubtful and for all accounts receivable that
are outstanding more than 180 days.
Prepaid expenses and other current assets increased by $ 2.0 million, $
0.9 million and $ 1.2 million during fiscal 1999, 1998 and 1997,
respectively. The increase in fiscal 1997 was primarily due to an increase
in rental deposits for the new software development centers. The increases
during fiscal 1999 and 1998 were primarily due to loans to employees,
which increased by $ 1.1 million and $ 0.5 million.
Unearned revenue as on March 31, 1998 consists primarily of advance client
billings on fixed-price, fixed-time frame contracts for which related
costs were not yet incurred.
Net cash used in investing activities was $ 17.0 million, $ 8.4 million
and $ 4.6 million in fiscal 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively. Net cash
used in investing activities in fiscal 1997 consisted primarily of $ 7.2
million for property, plant and equipment offset by sales of equity
investments in other companies and in mutual funds. Net cash used in
investing activities in fiscal 1999 and 1998 consisted primarily of $ 16.1
million and $ 7.9 million, respectively, for property, plant and
equipment.
Publicly-traded Indian companies customarily pay dividends. For fiscal
1999, the company declared a dividend of $ 3.2 million, which was paid
partly in fiscal 1999. For fiscal 1998, the company declared a dividend of
$ 1.5
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million, which was paid partly in fiscal 1998 and partly in fiscal 1999.
For fiscal 1997, the company declared a dividend of $ 1.1 million, which
was paid partly in fiscal 1997 and partly in fiscal 1998.
As on March 31, 1999, the company had contractual commitments for capital
expenditure of $ 5.9 million. The company has not yet made contractual
commitments for the majority of its budgeted capital expenditure.
2.4 Reconciliation between the US and the Indian GAAP
There are material differences between the financial statements prepared
as per the Indian and the US GAAP. The material differences arise due to
provision for deferred taxes, accounting for stock-based compensation and
valuation of short-term investments, which are marked to market and
adjusted against retained earnings, and consolidation of accounts of
subsidiary, as required by US GAAP. The Indian GAAP does not require
provision for deferred taxes, amortization of deferred stock compensation,
consolidation of accounts of subsidiaries and only requires a provision
for diminution in the value of current investments.
Reconciliation of net income
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net profit as per Indian GAAP
(excluding extraordinary income) $ 32,207,070 $ 16,041,966 $ 9,390,263
Adjustments:
Translation difference in depreciation -- -- (58,855)
Deferred tax 625,427 707,553 249,220
Net income of subsidiary included on consolidation (2,085,887) (1,563,718) (170,700)
Provision for retirement benefits to employees -- (275,000) --
Employee stock-based compensation plan (3,645,576) (1,046,874) (767,926)
charge under APB Opinion no. 25
Compensation arising from stock split (12,906,962) (1,519,739) --
Provision for loss - Yantra Corporation 1,675,060 -- --
Provision for contingency 1,576,956 -- --
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income as per US GAAP $ 17,446,088 $ 12,344,188 $ 8,642,002
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
3 Risk factors
3.1 Management of growth
The company has experienced significant growth in recent periods. The
company's revenues in fiscal 1999 grow 77.1% over fiscal 1998. As of March
31, 1999, the company employed approximately 3,160 software professionals
worldwide with 11 software development facilities in India as compared to
approximately 2,190 with nine facilities as of March 31, 1998 and 1,410
with seven facilities as of March 31, 1997. In fiscal 1998, the company
approved major expansions to its existing facilities and the building of
new facilities. The company's growth is expected to place significant
demands on its management and other resources and will require it to
continue to develop and improve its operational, financial and other
internal controls, both in India and elsewhere. In particular, continued
growth increases the challenges involved in: recruiting and retaining
sufficient skilled technical, marketing and management personnel;
providing adequate training and supervision to maintain the company's high
quality standards; and preserving the company's culture and values and its
entrepreneurial environment. The company's inability to manage its growth
effectively could have a material adverse effect on the quality of the
company's services and projects, its ability to attract clients as well as
skilled personnel, its business prospects, and its results of operations
and financial condition.
3.2 Potential fluctuations in future operating results
Historically, the company's operating results have fluctuated, and may
continue to fluctuate in future, depending on a number of factors,
including: the size, timing and profitability of significant projects; the
proportion of services that are performed at client sites rather than at
the company's offshore facilities; the accuracy of estimates of resources
and time required to complete ongoing projects, particularly projects
performed under fixed-price, fixed-time frame contracts; a change in the
mix of services provided to its clients or in the relative proportion of
services and product revenues; the timing of tax holidays and other
Government of India incentives; the effect of seasonal hiring patterns and
the time required to train and productively utilize new
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employees; the size and timing of facilities expansion; unanticipated
increases in wage rates; the company's success in expanding its sales and
marketing programs; currency exchange rate fluctuations and other general
economic factors. A high percentage of the company's operating expenses,
particularly personnel and facilities, are fixed in advance of any
particular quarter. As a result, unanticipated variations in the number
and timing of the company's projects or in employee utilization rates may
cause significant variations in operating results in any particular
quarter. The company believes that period-to-period comparisons of its
results of operations are not necessarily meaningful and should not be
relied upon as indications of future performance. Due to all of the
foregoing factors, it is possible that in some future quarter the
company's operating results may be below the expectations of public market
analysts and investors. In such event, the market price of the equity
shares and ADSs are likely to be materially adversely affected.
3.3 Risks related to investments in Indian securities
The company is incorporated in India, and substantially all of its assets
and a substantial majority of its employees are located in India.
Consequently, the company's performance may be affected by changes in
exchange rates and controls, interest rates, Government of India policies,
including taxation policy, as well as political, social and economic
developments affecting India.
Political and Economic Environment. During the past decade and
particularly since 1991, the Government of India has pursued policies of
economic liberalization, including significant relaxations of restrictions
on the private sector. Nevertheless, the role of the Indian central and
state Governments in the Indian economy as producers, consumers and
regulators has remained significant. Additionally, since 1996, the
Government of India has changed three times. The current Government of
India, formed in March 1998, has announced policies and taken initiatives
that support the continuation of the economic liberalization policies
pursued by previous governments and has, in addition, set up a special IT
task force to promote the IT industry. However, the speed of economic
liberalization could change, and specific laws and policies affecting IT
companies, foreign investment, currency exchange rates and other matters
affecting investment in the company's securities could change as well.
Further, there can be no assurance that the liberalization policies will
continue in the future. A significant change in the Government of India's
economic liberalization and deregulation policies could adversely affect
business and economic conditions in India generally and the company's
business in particular. On May 13, 1998, the United States imposed
economic sanctions against India in response to India's testing of nuclear
devices. While these sanctions imposed on India have not had a material
impact on the company to date, there can be no assurance that additional
economic sanctions of this nature will not be imposed, or that such
sanctions will not have a material adverse effect on the company's
business. Furthermore, financial turmoil in certain Asian countries,
Russia and elsewhere in the world has affected market prices in the
world's securities markets, including the United States and Indian
markets. Continued or increased financial downturns in these countries
could cause further decreases in securities prices on the United States
and Indian exchanges, including the market prices of the company's equity
shares and its ADSs. South Asia has from time to time experienced
instances of civil unrest and hostilities among neighboring countries.
Events of this nature in the future could influence the Indian economy and
could have a material adverse effect on the market for securities of
Indian companies and on the business of the company.
Government of India Incentives and Regulation. The company benefits from a
variety of incentives given to software firms in India, such as relief
from import duties on hardware, a tax exemption for income derived from
software exports, and tax holidays and infrastructure support for
companies, such as Infosys, operating in specially designated "Software
Technology Parks". There can be no assurance that these incentives will
continue in future. Further, there is a risk that changes in tax rates or
laws affecting foreign investment, currency exchange rates or other
regulations will render the Government of India's regulatory scheme less
favorable to the company and could adversely affect the market price of
the company's equity shares and its ADSs. Should the regulations and
incentives promulgated by the Government of India become less favorable to
the company, the company's results of operations and financial condition
could be adversely affected.
Restrictions on Foreign Investment. Foreign investment in Indian
securities is generally regulated by the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act,
1973. In certain emerging markets, including India, Global Depositary
Shares and ADSs may trade at a discount or premium, as the case may be, to
the underlying shares, in part because of
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restrictions on foreign ownership of the underlying shares. In addition,
under current Indian laws and regulations, the Depositary cannot accept
deposits of outstanding equity shares and issue ADRs evidencing ADSs
representing such equity shares. Therefore, a holder of ADSs who
surrenders ADSs and withdraws equity shares is not permitted subsequently
to deposit such equity shares and obtain ADSs nor would a holder to whom
such equity shares are transferred be permitted to deposit such equity
shares. This inability to convert equity shares into ADSs increases the
probability that the price of the ADSs will not trade on par with the
price of the equity shares as quoted on the Indian stock exchanges.
Holders who seek to sell in India any equity shares withdrawn from the
depositary facility and to convert the rupee proceeds from such sale into
foreign currency and repatriate such foreign currency from India will have
to obtain RBI approval for each such transaction. Further, under current
Indian regulations and practice, the approval of the RBI is required for
the sale of equity shares underlying ADSs by a non-resident of India to a
resident of India as well as for renunciation of rights to a resident of
India. There can be no assurance that any such approval can be obtained.
Exchange Rate Fluctuations. The exchange rate between the rupee and the US
dollar has changed substantially in recent years and may fluctuate
substantially in the future. During the four-year period from March 31,
1995 through March 31, 1999, the value of the rupee against the US dollar
declined by 35.2%. For fiscal 1999 and fiscal 1998, the company's US
dollar-denominated revenues represented 88.1% and 90.0%, respectively, of
total revenue. The company expects that a majority of its revenues will
continue to be generated in US dollars for the foreseeable future and that
a significant portion of the company's expenses, including personnel costs
as well as capital and operating expenditures, will continue to be
denominated in rupees. Consequently, the company's results of operations
will be adversely affected to the extent the rupee appreciates against the
US dollar. The company has sought to reduce the effect of exchange rate
fluctuations on operating results by periodically purchasing foreign
exchange forward contracts to cover a portion of outstanding accounts
receivable. For the first three quarters of fiscal 1999, the company
purchased foreign exchange forward contracts worth an aggregate notional
amount of $5.5 million. As of March 31, 1999, the company had no such
forward contracts outstanding. These contracts typically mature within
three months, must be settled on the day of maturity and may be canceled
subject to the payment of any gains or losses in the difference between
the contract exchange rate and market exchange rate on the date of
cancellation. The company uses these instruments only as a hedging
mechanism and not for speculative purposes. There can be no assurance that
the company will purchase contracts adequate to insulate itself from
foreign exchange currency risks or that any such contracts will perform
adequately as a hedging mechanism. Depreciation of the rupee will result
in foreign currency translation losses. For example, for fiscal 1998 and
fiscal 1999, the company's foreign currency translation losses were
approximately $3.5 million and $2.1million, respectively. Fluctuations in
the exchange rate between the rupee and the US dollar also will affect the
US dollar conversion by the Depositary of any cash dividends paid in
rupees on the equity shares represented by the ADSs. In addition,
fluctuations in the exchange rate between the Indian rupee and the US
dollar will affect the US dollar equivalent of the Indian rupee price of
equity shares on the Indian Stock Exchanges and, as a result, are likely
to affect the market prices of the ADSs in the United States, and vice
versa. Such fluctuations will also affect the dollar value of the proceeds
a holder would receive upon the sale in India of any equity shares
withdrawn from the Depositary under the Depositary Agreement. There can be
no assurance that holders will be able to convert rupee proceeds into US
dollars or any other currency or with respect to the rate at which any
such conversion could occur.
3.4 Substantial investment in new facilities
As of March 31, 1999, the company had contractual commitments of $5.9
million for capital expenditure and has budgeted for significant
infrastructural expansion in the near future. Since such an expansion will
significantly increase the company's fixed costs, the company's results of
operations will be materially adversely affected if the company is unable
to grow its business proportionately. Although the company has
successfully developed new facilities in the past, there can be no
assurance that the company will not encounter cost overruns or project
delays in connection with any or all of the new facilities. Furthermore,
there can be no assurance that future financing for additional facilities,
whether within India or elsewhere, would be available on attractive terms
or at all.
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3.5 Restrictions on US immigration
The company's professionals who work on-site at client facilities in the
United States on temporary and extended assignments are typically required
to obtain visas. As of March 31, 1999, substantially all of the company's
personnel in the United States were working pursuant to H-1B visas (300
persons) or L-1 visas (125 persons). Although there is no limit to new L-1
petitions, there is a limit to the number of new H-1B petitions that the
United States Immigration and Naturalization Service may approve in any
government fiscal year. In years in which this limit is reached, the
company may be unable to obtain the H-1B visas necessary to bring its
critical Indian IT professionals to the United States on an extended
basis. This limit was reached in May 1998 for the US government's fiscal
year ending September 30, 1998. While the company anticipated that such
limit would be reached prior to the end of the US government's fiscal year
and made efforts to plan accordingly, there can be no assurance that the
company will continue to be able to obtain a sufficient number of H-1B
visas. Changes in existing US immigration laws that make it more difficult
for the company to obtain H-1B and L-1 visas could impair the company's
ability to compete for and provide services to clients and could have a
material adverse effect on the company's results of operations and
financial condition.
3.6 Risks related to international operations
While to date all of the company's software development facilities are
located in India, the company intends to develop new software development
facilities in other regions, including potentially Southeast Asia, Latin
America and Europe. The company has not yet made substantial contractual
commitments to develop such new software development facilities, and there
can be no assurance that the company will not significantly alter or
reduce its proposed expansion plans. The company's lack of experience with
facilities outside of India subject the company to further risk with
regard to foreign regulation and overseas facilities management.
Increasing the number of software development facilities and the scope of
operations outside of India subjects the company to a number of risks,
including, among other things, difficulties relating to administering its
business globally, managing foreign operations, currency exchange rate
fluctuations, restrictions against the repatriation of earnings, export
requirements and restrictions, and multiple and possibly overlapping tax
structures. Such developments could have a material adverse effect on the
company's business, results of operations and financial condition.
3.7 Dependence on skilled personnel; risks of wage inflation
The company's ability to execute project engagements and to obtain new
clients depends, in large part, on its ability to attract, train, motivate
and retain highly skilled IT professionals, particularly project managers,
software engineers and other senior technical personnel. An inability to
hire and retain additional qualified personnel will impair the company's
ability to bid for or obtain new projects and to continue to expand its
business. The company believes that there is significant competition for
IT professionals with the skills necessary to perform the services offered
by the company. There can be no assurance that the company will be able to
assimilate and manage new IT professionals effectively. Any increase in
the attrition rates experienced by the company, particularly the rate of
attrition of experienced software engineers and project managers, would
adversely affect the company's results of operations and financial
condition. There can be no assurance that the company will be successful
in recruiting and retaining a sufficient number of replacement IT
professionals with the requisite skills to replace those IT professionals
who leave. Further, there can be no assurance that the company will be
able to redeploy and retrain its IT professionals to keep pace with
continuing changes in IT, evolving standards and changing client
preferences. Historically, the company's wage costs in India have been
significantly lower than wage costs in the United States for comparably
skilled IT professionals. However, wage costs in India are presently
increasing at a faster rate than those in the United States. In the
long-term, wage increases may have an adverse effect on the company's
profit margins unless the company is able to continue increasing the
efficiency and productivity of its professionals.
3.8 Client concentration
The company has derived, and believes that it will continue to derive, a
significant portion of its revenues from a limited number of large
corporate clients. For fiscal 1998 and fiscal 1999, the company's largest
client accounted for 10.5% and 6.4%, respectively, of the company's total
revenue and its five largest clients accounted for 35.1% and 28.4%,
respectively, of the company's total revenue. The volume of work performed
for specific clients is
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likely to vary from year to year, particularly since the company is
usually not the exclusive outside service provider for its clients. Thus,
a major client in one year may not provide the same level of revenues in a
subsequent year. The loss of any large client could have a material
adverse effect on the company's results of operations and financial
condition. Since many of the contracted projects are critical to the
operations of its clients' businesses, any failure to meet client
expectations could result in a cancellation or non-renewal of a contract.
However, there are a number of factors other than the company's
performance that could cause the loss of a client and that may not be
predictable. For example, in 1995, the company chose to reduce
significantly the services provided to its then-largest client rather than
accept the price reductions and increased company resources sought by the
client. In other circumstances, the company reduced significantly the
services provided to its client when the client either changed its
outsourcing strategy by moving more work in-house and reducing the number
of its vendors, or replaced its existing software with packaged software
supported by the licensor. There can be no assurance that the same
circumstances may not arise in future.
3.9 Fixed-price, fixed-time frame contracts
As a core element of its business strategy, the company continues to offer
a significant portion of its services on a fixed-price, fixed-time frame
basis, rather than on a time-and-materials basis. Although the company
uses specified software engineering processes and its past project
experience to reduce the risks associated with estimating, planning and
performing fixed-price, fixed-time frame projects, the company bears the
risk of cost overruns, completion delays and wage inflation in connection
with these projects. The company's failure to estimate accurately the
resources and time required for a project, future rates of wage inflation
and currency exchange rates or its failure to complete its contractual
obligations within the time frame committed could have a material adverse
effect on the company's results of operations and financial condition.
3.10 Infrastructure and potential disruption in telecommunications
A significant element of the company's business strategy is to continue to
leverage its various software development centers in Bangalore,
Bhubaneshwar, Chennai, Mangalore and Pune, India and to expand the number
of such centers in India as well as outside India. The company believes
that the use of a strategically located network of software development
centers will provide the company with cost advantages, the ability to
attract highly skilled personnel in various regions, the ability to
service clients on a regional and global basis, and the ability to provide
24-hour service to its clients. Pursuant to its service delivery model,
the company must maintain active voice and data communication between its
main offices in Bangalore, the offices of its clients, and its other
software development facilities. Although the company maintains redundant
software development facilities and satellite communications links, any
significant loss of the company's ability to transmit voice and data
through satellite and telephone communications would have a material
adverse effect on the company's results of operations and financial
condition.
3.11 Expected decrease in demand for Year 2000 services
Year 2000 conversion projects represented 23.3% and 19.8% of the company's
total revenue for fiscal 1998 and fiscal 1999, respectively. The company
expects that Year 2000 conversion projects will continue to represent a
material portion of the company's business in fiscal 2000. The high demand
for these time-sensitive projects results in pricing and margins that are
favorable to the company. The company believes that demand for Year 2000
conversion services will begin to diminish rapidly after fiscal 1999 as
many Year 2000 conversion solutions are implemented and tested. There can
be no assurance that the company will be successful in generating
additional business from its Year 2000 clients for other services, that
the company will be successful in replacing Year 2000 conversion projects
with other projects as the Year 2000 business declines or that margins
from any such future projects will be comparable to those obtained from
Year 2000 conversion projects. There is an additional risk that the
company may be unable to retrain and redeploy IT professionals who are
currently assigned to Year 2000 conversion projects involving legacy
computer systems after such projects are completed. Furthermore, as Year
2000 conversion projects are completed, there is a likelihood of increased
competition for other types of projects from firms formerly dependent on
Year 2000 business.
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3.12 Competition
The market for IT services is highly competitive. Competitors include IT
services companies, large international accounting firms and their
consulting affiliates, systems consulting and integration firms, temporary
employment agencies, other technology companies and client in-house MIS
departments. Competitors include international firms as well as national,
regional and local firms located in the United States, Europe and India.
The company expects that future competition will increasingly include
firms with operations in other countries, potentially including countries
with lower personnel costs than those prevailing in India. Historically,
one of the company's key competitive advantages has been a cost advantage
relative to service providers in the United States and Europe. Since wage
costs in India are presently increasing at a faster rate than those in the
United States, the company's ability to compete effectively will become
increasingly dependent on its reputation, the quality of its services, and
its expertise in specific markets. Many of the company's competitors have
significantly greater financial, technical and marketing resources and
generate greater revenue than the company, and there can be no assurance
that the company will be able to compete successfully with such
competitors and will not lose existing clients to such competitors. The
company believes that its ability to compete also depends in part on a
number of factors outside its control, including the ability of its
competitors to attract, train, motivate and retain highly skilled IT
professionals, the price at which its competitors offer comparable
services, and the extent of its competitors' responsiveness to client
needs.
3.13 Dependence on key personnel
The company's success depends to a significant degree upon continued
contributions of members of the company's senior management and other key
research and development and sales and marketing personnel. The company
generally does not enter into employment agreements with its senior
management and other key personnel that provide for substantial
restrictions on such persons leaving the company. The loss of any of such
persons could have a material adverse effect on the company's business,
financial condition and results of operations.
3.14 Potential liability to clients; risk of exceeding insurance coverage
Many of the company's contracts involve projects that are critical to the
operations of its clients' businesses and provide benefits that may be
difficult to quantify. Any failure in a client's system could result in a
claim for substantial damages against the company, regardless of the
company's responsibility for such failure. Although the company attempts
to limit its contractual liability for damages arising from negligent
acts, errors, mistakes or omissions in rendering its services, there can
be no assurance the limitations of liability set forth in its service
contracts will be enforceable in all instances or will otherwise protect
the company from liability for damages. The company maintains general
liability insurance coverage, including coverage for errors or omissions;
however, there can be no assurance that such coverage will continue to be
available on reasonable terms or will be available in sufficient amounts
to cover one or more large claims, or that the insurer will not disclaim
coverage as to any future claim. The successful assertion of one or more
large claims against the company that exceed available insurance coverage
or changes in the company's insurance policies, including premium
increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance
requirements, could adversely affect the company's results of operations
and financial condition.
3.15 Risks associated with possible acquisitions
The company intends to evaluate potential acquisitions and strategic
investments on an ongoing basis. As of the date, however, the company has
no understanding, commitment or agreement with respect to any material
future acquisition or investment. Since the company has not made any
acquisitions in the past, there can be no assurance that the company will
be able to identify suitable acquisition candidates available for sale at
reasonable prices, consummate any acquisition, or successfully integrate
any acquired business into the company's operations. Further, acquisitions
may involve a number of special risks, including diversion of management's
attention, failure to retain key acquired personnel and clients,
unanticipated events or circumstances, legal liabilities and amortization
of acquired intangible assets, some or all of which could have a material
adverse effect on the company's results of operations and financial
condition. Under Indian law, except in certain limited circumstances, the
company may not make any acquisition of, or investment in, a non-Indian
company without
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RBI and, in most cases, Government of India approval. Even if the company
does encounter an attractive acquisition candidate, there can be no
assurance that RBI and, if required, Government of India approval can be
obtained.
3.16 Risks related to software product sales
In fiscal 1999, the company derived 3.2% of its total revenue from the
sale of software products. The development of the company's software
products requires significant investments. The markets for the company's
primary software product are competitive and currently located in
developing countries, and there can be no assurance that such a product
will continue to be commercially successful. In addition, there can be no
assurance that any new products developed by the company will be
commercially successful or that the costs of developing such new products
will be recouped. A decrease in the company's product revenues or margins
could adversely affect the company's results of operations and financial
condition. Additionally, software product revenues typically occur in
periods subsequent to the periods in which the costs are incurred for
development of such products. There can be no assurance that such delayed
revenues will not cause periodic fluctuations of the company's results of
operations and financial condition.
3.17 Restrictions on exercise of preemptive rights by ADS holders
Under the Indian Companies Act, 1956 (the "Indian Companies Act"), a
company incorporated in India must offer its holders of equity shares
preemptive rights to subscribe and pay for a proportionate number of
shares to maintain their existing ownership percentages prior to the
issuance of any new equity shares, unless such preemptive rights have been
waived by three-fourths of the company's shareholders. US holders of ADSs
may be unable to exercise preemptive rights for equity shares underlying
ADSs unless a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended (the "Securities Act"), is effective with respect to such rights
or an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act
is available. The company's decision to file a registration statement will
depend on the costs and potential liabilities associated with any such
registration statement as well as the perceived benefits of enabling the
holders of ADSs to exercise their preemptive rights and any other factors
the company considers appropriate at the time. No assurance can be given
that the company would file a registration statement under these
circumstances. If the company issues any such securities in future, such
securities may be issued to the Depositary, which may sell such securities
for the benefit of the holders of the ADSs. There can be no assurance as
to the value, if any, the Depositary would receive upon the sale of such
securities. To the extent that holders of ADSs are unable to exercise
preemptive rights granted in respect of the equity shares represented by
their ADSs, their proportional interests in the company would be reduced.
3.18 Intellectual property rights
The company relies upon a combination of non-disclosure and other
contractual arrangements and copyright, trade secrets and trademark laws
to protect its proprietary rights. Ownership of software and associate
deliverables created for clients is generally retained by or assigned to
the client, and the company does not retain an interest in such software
and deliverables. The company also develops foundation and application
software products, or software "tools", which are licensed to clients and
remain the property of the company. The company has obtained registration
of INFOSYS as a trademark in India but not in the United States, and does
not have any patents or registered copyrights in the United States. The
company currently requires its IT professionals to enter into
non-disclosure and assignment of rights agreements to limit use of, access
to, and distribution of its proprietary information. There can be no
assurance that the steps taken by the company in this regard will be
adequate to deter misappropriation of proprietary information or that the
company will be able to detect unauthorized use and take appropriate steps
to enforce its intellectual property rights.
Although the company believes that its services and products do not
infringe upon the intellectual property rights of others, there can be no
assurance that such a claim will not be asserted against the company in
future. Assertion of such claims against the company could result in
litigation, and there can be no assurance that the company would be able
to prevail in such litigation or be able to obtain a license for the use
of any infringed intellectual property from a third party on commercially
reasonable terms. There can be no assurance that the company will be able
to protect such licenses from infringement or misuse, or prevent
infringement claims
123
<PAGE>
against the company in connection with its licensing efforts. The company
expects that the risk of infringement claims against the company will
increase if more of the company's competitors are able to obtain patents
for software products and processes. Any such claims, regardless of their
outcome, could result in substantial cost to the company and divert
management's attention from the company's operations. Any infringement
claim or litigation against the company could, therefore, have a material
adverse effect on the company's results of operations and financial
condition.
3.19 Control by principal shareholders, officers and directors;
anti-takeover provisions
The company's officers and directors, together with members of their
immediate families, in the aggregate, beneficially own approximately 31.2%
of the company's issued equity shares. As a result, such persons, acting
together, will likely still have the ability to exercise significant
control over most matters requiring approval by the shareholders of the
company, including the election and removal of directors and significant
corporate transactions. Such control by the company's officers and
directors could delay, defer or prevent a change in control of the
company, impede a merger, consolidation, takeover or other business
combination involving the company, or discourage a potential acquiror from
making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of the
company.
The Indian Companies Act and the company's Articles of Association (the
"Articles") require that: (i) at least two-thirds of the company's
directors shall serve for a specified term and shall be subject to
re-election by the company's shareholders at the expiration of such terms;
and (ii) at least one-third of the company's directors who are subject to
re-election shall be up for re-election at each annual meeting of the
company's shareholders. In addition, the company's Articles provide that
Mr. N. R. Narayana Murthy, one of the company's principal founders and its
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, shall serve as the
company's Chairman of the Board and shall not be subject to re-election as
long as he and his relatives, own at least 5% of the company's outstanding
equity securities. Furthermore, any amendment to the company's Articles
would require the affirmative vote of three-fourths of the company's
shareholders. Finally, foreign investment in Indian companies is highly
regulated. These provisions could delay, defer or prevent a change in
control of the company, impede a business combination involving the
company or discourage a potential acquiror from attempting to obtain
control of the company.
3.20 Year 2000 compliance
Many existing computer systems, software applications and other control
devices use only two digits to identify a year in the date field, without
considering the impact of the upcoming change in the century. Others do
not correctly process "leap year" dates. As a result, such systems and
applications could fail or create erroneous results unless modified so
that they can correctly process data related to the year 2000 and beyond.
While the company has evaluated each of its IT services and software
products and believes that each is substantially Year 2000 compliant,
there can be no assurance that the company's IT services and products are
or will ultimately be Year 2000 compliant. The company relies on its
systems, computer applications and devices to operate and monitor all
major aspects of its business, including financial systems (such as
general ledger, accounts payable and payroll), customer services,
infrastructure, materials requirement planning, master project scheduling,
networks and telecommunications systems. Although the company has
converted its financial applications software to programs certified by the
suppliers as Year 2000 compliant and is currently in the process of
modifying and upgrading all other affected systems, there can be no
assurance that such modifications and upgrades will be completed in a
timely manner at reasonable costs, or that such modifications and upgrades
will be able to anticipate all of the problems resulting from the actual
impact of the year 2000. The company relies directly and indirectly on
systems utilized by its suppliers for telecommunications, utilities,
electronic hardware and software applications. Although the company
maintains redundant software facilities and satellite communications
links, any significant loss of the company's ability to transmit voice and
data through satellite and telephone communications would have a material
adverse effect on the company's business, results of operations and
financial condition. Any failure of these third party suppliers to resolve
their Year 2000 problems in a timely manner could disrupt the company's
operations, which could have a material adverse effect on the company's
business, results of operations and financial condition.
124
<PAGE>
Report of management
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The management is responsible for preparing the company's financial statements
and related information that appears in this annual report. The management
believes that the financial statements fairly reflect the form and substance of
transactions, and reasonably present the company's financial condition and
results of operations in conformity with United States Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles. The management has included, in the company's financial
statements, amounts that are based on estimates and judgments, which it believes
are reasonable under the circumstances.
The company maintains a system of internal procedures and controls intended to
provide reasonable assurance, at appropriate cost, that transactions are
executed in accordance with company authorization and are properly recorded and
reported in the financial statements, and that assets are adequately
safeguarded.
KPMG Peat Marwick audits the company's financial statements in accordance with
the generally accepted auditing standards and provides an objective, independent
review of the company's internal controls and the fairness of its reported
financial condition and results of operations.
The board of directors of Infosys has appointed an audit committee composed of
outside directors. The committee meets with the management, internal auditors,
and the independent auditors to review internal accounting controls and
accounting, auditing, and financial reporting matters.
Sd Sd
Bangalore T. V. Mohandas Pai Nandan M. Nilekani
April 9, 1999 Senior Vice President Managing Director, President
(Finance & Administration) and Chief Operating Officer
and Chief Financial Officer
Sd
N. R. Narayana Murthy
Chairman
and Chief Executive Officer
<PAGE>
Independent auditors' report
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders
Infosys Technologies Limited
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Infosys Technologies Limited
(the company) as of March 31, 1999 and 1998, and the related statements of
income, stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the years in the
three-year period ended March 31, 1999. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the company's management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in
all material respects, the financial position of Infosys Technologies Limited as
of March 31, 1999 and 1998, and the results of its operations and its cash flows
for each of the years in the three-year period ended March 31, 1999, in
conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
As explained in Note 1.3 in the accompanying notes to the financial statements,
the accounts of Infosys Technologies Limited's wholly owned subsidiary, Yantra
Corporation, which were consolidated with the financial statements of the
Company prior to April 1, 1998, have been accounted for by the equity method in
fiscal 1999.
Sd
Bangalore, India KPMG Peat Marwick
April 9, 1999
<PAGE>
Balance Sheets as of March 31
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1999 1998
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents $ 98,874,963 $ 15,419,265
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowances 20,056,678 10,263,084
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 5,735,323 3,751,289
Prepaid income taxes -- 536,969
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total current assets 124,666,964 29,970,607
Property, plant and equipment - net 23,900,313 16,695,503
Deferred tax assets 1,715,375 1,089,948
Investments 177,938 362
Other assets 3,197,006 1,025,605
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total assets $ 153,657,596 $ 48,782,025
=============================================================================================================
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable $ 75,305 $ 149,086
Client deposits 18,520 190,173
Other accrued liabilities 8,399,800 4,979,306
Income taxes payable 955,797 --
Unearned revenue 4,598,612 --
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total current liabilities 14,048,034 5,318,565
Preferred stock of subsidiary -- 2,317,500
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Equity shares, $ 0.32 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized as of 1999 and
1998; Issued and outstanding - 33,069,400 and
32,034,400 as of 1999 and 1998 8,592,137 4,545,811
Additional paid-in-capital 120,849,511 24,415,920
Accumulated other comprehensive income (9,100,662) (7,042,229)
Deferred compensation - Employee Stock Offer Plan (21,686,799) (7,831,445)
Loan to trust -- (936,365)
Retained earnings 40,955,375 27,994,268
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total stockholders' equity 139,609,562 41,145,960
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 153,657,596 $ 48,782,025
=============================================================================================================
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
ASSETS 1999
[GRAPHIC]
LIABILITIES AND
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY 1999
[GRAPHIC]
<PAGE>
Statements of Income for the years ended March 31
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
REVENUE
Revenue $ 120,955,226 $ 68,329,961 $ 39,585,919
Cost of revenue 65,331,006 40,156,509 22,615,070
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross profit 55,624,220 28,173,452 16,970,849
====================================================================================================
OPERATING EXPENSES
Selling, general and administrative expenses 16,199,055 13,225,492 7,010,211
Amortization of deferred stock compensation expense 3,645,576 1,046,874 767,926
Compensation arising from stock split 12,906,962 1,519,739 --
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total operating expenses 32,751,593 15,792,105 7,778,137
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating income 22,872,627 12,381,347 9,192,712
Equity in loss of deconsolidated subsidiary (2,085,887) -- --
Other income, net 1,536,998 800,799 769,560
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income before income taxes 22,323,738 13,182,146 9,962,272
Provision for income taxes 4,877,650 770,458 1,320,270
Preferred stock dividends -- 67,500 --
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income $ 17,446,088 $ 12,344,188 $ 8,642,002
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EARNINGS PER EQUITY SHARE
Basic $ 0.57 $ 0.41 $ 0.30
Diluted $ 0.57 $ 0.41 $ 0.29
Weighted equity shares used in computing
earnings per equity share
Basic 30,689,425 29,787,144 29,036,394
Diluted 30,753,690 30,403,904 29,704,060
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
NET INCOME
$ in millions
[GRAPHIC]
NET EARNINGS
PER SHARE
$
[GRAPHIC]
NET REVENUE
$ in millions
[GRAPHIC]
STOCKHOLDERS'
EQUITY
$ in millions
[GRAPHIC]
<PAGE>
Statements of Stockholders' Equity
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
in $
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Equity shares Additional Comprehensive Accumulated Deferred
paid-in income other
Shares Par value capital comprehensive
income
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance as of March 31, 1996 29,034,400 $2,309,991 $13,687,140 $(1,990,696)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash dividends declared -- -- -- --
Common stock issued upon
exercise of warrants 4,000 279 2,510 --
Compensation related to
stock option grants -- -- 2,022,597 --
Amortization of compensation
related to stock option grants -- -- -- --
Comprehensive income
Net income -- -- -- $8,642,002 --
Other comprehensive income
Translation adjustment -- -- -- (1,902,597) --
Unrealized gain on investments-- net -- -- -- 361,482 --
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other comprehensive income -- -- -- (1,541,115) (1,541,115)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Comprehensive income -- -- -- $7,100,887 --
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance as of March 31, 1997 29,038,400 2,310,270 15,712,247 -- (3,531,811)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stock split -- 2,028,521 -- --
Cash dividends declared -- -- -- --
Common stock issued upon
exercise of warrants 2,996,000 207,020 1,813,330 --
Compensation related to
stock option grants -- -- 6,890,343 --
Amortization of compensation
related to stock option grants -- -- -- --
Comprehensive income
Net income -- -- -- $12,344,188 --
Other comprehensive income
Translation adjustment -- -- -- (3,510,418) (3,510,418)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Comprehensive income -- -- -- $8,833,770 --
======================================================================================================================
Balance as of March 31, 1998 32,034,400 4,545,811 24,415,920 -- (7,042,229)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<CAPTION>
in $
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Equity shares Loan to trust Retained Total
ompensation - earnings stockholders'
mployee Stock equity
Offer Plan
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance as of March 31, 1996 $(2,253,044) -- $12,171,165 $23,924,556
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash dividends declared -- -- (1,131,427) (1,131,427)
Common stock issued upon
exercise of warrants -- (24,502) -- (21,713)
Compensation related to
stock option grants (2,022,597) -- -- --
Amortization of compensation
related to stock option grants 767,926 -- -- 767,926
Comprehensive income
Net income -- -- 8,642,002 8,642,002
Other comprehensive income
Translation adjustment -- -- -- (1,902,597)
Unrealized gain on investments-- net -- -- -- 361,482
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other comprehensive income -- -- -- --
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Comprehensive income -- -- -- --
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance as of March 31, 1997 (3,507,715) (24,502) 19,681,740 30,640,229
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stock split -- -- (2,028,521) --
Cash dividends declared -- -- (2,003,139) (2,003,139)
Common stock issued upon
exercise of warrants -- (911,863) -- 1,108,487
Compensation related to
stock option grants (6,890,343) -- -- --
Amortization of compensation
related to stock option grants 2,566,613 -- -- 2,566,613
Comprehensive income
Net income -- -- 12,344,188 12,344,188
Other comprehensive income
Translation adjustment -- -- -- (3,510,418)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Comprehensive income -- -- -- --
==========================================================================================================
Balance as of March 31, 1998 (7,831,445) (936,365) 27,994,268 41,145,960
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
Statements of Stockholders' Equity (contd.)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Equity shares Additional Comprehensive Accumulated Deferred
paid-in income other
Shares Par value capital comprehensive
income
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance as of March 31, 1998 32,034,400 $4,545,811 $24,415,920 -- $(7,042,229)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stock split -- 3,800,949 -- --
Cash dividends declared -- -- -- --
Common stock issued 1,035,000 245,377 66,025,699 --
Compensation related to
stock option grants -- -- 30,407,892 --
Amortization of compensation
related to stock option grants -- -- -- --
Comprehensive income
Net income -- -- -- $ 17,446,088 --
Other comprehensive income
Translation adjustment -- -- -- (2,058,433) (2,058,433)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Comprehensive income -- -- -- $ 15,387,655 --
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Adjustment on deconsolidation
of subsidiary -- -- -- --
Repayment on loan to trust -- -- -- --
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance as of March 31, 1999 33,069,400 $8,592,137 $120,849,511 -- $(9,100,662)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<CAPTION>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Equity shares Loan to trust Retained Total
compensation-- earnings stockholders'
Employee Stock equity
Offer Plan
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance as of March 31, 1998 $(7,831,445) $(936,365) $27,994,268 $41,145,960
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stock split -- -- (3,800,949) --
Cash dividends declared -- -- (3,152,863) (3,152,863)
Common stock issued -- -- -- 66,271,076
Compensation related to
stock option grants (30,407,892) -- -- --
Amortization of compensation
related to stock option grants 16,552,538 -- -- 16,552,538
Comprehensive income
Net income -- -- 17,446,088 17,446,088
Other comprehensive income
Translation adjustment -- -- -- (2,058,433)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Comprehensive income -- -- -- --
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Adjustment on deconsolidation
of subsidiary -- -- 2,468,831 2,468,831
Repayment on loan to trust -- 936,365 -- 936,365
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance as of March 31, 1999 $(21,686,799) -- $40,955,375 $139,609,562
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
<PAGE>
Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended March 31
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income $ 17,446,088 $ 12,344,188 $ 8,642,002
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash
provided by operating activities
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment - (2,929) -
Depreciation 8,521,009 6,121,650 3,034,984
Deferred tax benefit (625,427) (707,553) (249,220)
Gain on sale of investment in deconsolidated subsidiary (620,958) - -
Loss on sale of short-term investments - - 374,380
Amortization of deferred stock compensation expense 16,552,538 2,566,613 767,926
Loss relating to deconsolidated subsidiary 2,085,887 - -
Subsidiary preferred stock dividend - 67,500 -
Changes in assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable (10,113,425) (5,268,477) (1,534,731)
Inventories - 11,458 40,022
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (2,035,203) (924,783) (1,200,316)
Prepaid income taxes 1,492,766 446,890 (591,147)
Accounts payable (24,459) 23,507 62,203
Client deposits (171,653) (6,537) (65,304)
Unearned revenue 4,598,612 - -
Other accrued liabilities 3,015,104 2,482,653 134,397
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash provided by operating activities 40,120,879 17,154,180 9,415,196
=================================================================================================================================
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Expenditure on property, plant and equipment (16,123,557) (7,891,441) (7,201,749)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment 5,704 8,079 33,453
Loans to employees (2,181,715) (552,526) (418,790)
Proceeds from sale of investment in
deconsolidated subsidiary 1,500,000 - -
Proceeds from sale of investments in affiliates - - 78,819
Proceeds from sale of short-term investments - - 2,859,420
Purchase of investments in affiliates (177,576) - -
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash used in investing activities (16,977,144) (8,435,888) (4,648,847)
=================================================================================================================================
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Repayment of long-term borrowings - - (1,253,125)
Net proceeds from issuance of equity shares 66,271,076 2,020,350 2,789
Net proceeds from issuance of preferred stock by subsidiary - 2,250,000 -
Payment of cash dividends (2,371,673) (1,467,427) (1,062,475)
Loan to trust 936,365 (911,863) -
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 64,835,768 1,891,060 (2,312,811)
=================================================================================================================================
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash (2,058,433) (3,510,418) (1,902,597)
Effect of deconsolidation on cash (2,465,372) - -
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents during the year 83,455,698 7,098,934 550,941
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year 15,419,265 8,320,331 7,769,390
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year $ 98,874,963 $ 15,419,265 $ 8,320,331
=================================================================================================================================
Supplementary information:
Cash paid for interest - - $ 172,268
Cash paid for taxes $ 3,364,318 $ 323,568 $ 1,856,548
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
<PAGE>
Notes to financial statements
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Significant accounting policies
1.1 The company
Infosys Technologies Limited (the "company") is one of India's leading
information technology ("IT") services companies. Infosys utilizes an
extensive offshore infrastructure to provide managed software solutions to
clients worldwide. Headquartered in Bangalore, India, the company has 11
state-of-the-art offshore software development facilities located
throughout India that enable it to provide high quality, cost-effective
services to clients in a resource-constrained environment. The company's
services, which are offered on either a fixed-price, fixed-time frame or a
time-and-materials basis, include custom software development, maintenance
(including Year 2000 conversion) and re-engineering services as well as
dedicated offshore software development centers for certain clients. In
addition, the company develops and markets certain software products.
1.2 Basis of preparation of financial statements
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance
with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("US GAAP").
All amounts are stated in US dollars.
1.3 Principles of consolidation
The financial statements of the company were consolidated with the
accounts of its wholly owned subsidiary, Yantra Corporation ("Yantra")
during fiscal 1997 and 1998. On October 20, 1998, the company's voting
control of Yantra declined to approximately 47%. Accordingly, the company
has followed the equity method of accounting for Yantra in fiscal 1999.
The company continues to own all the outstanding common shares of Yantra
but has no financial obligations or commitments to Yantra and does not
intend to provide Yantra with financial support. Accordingly, no losses
subsequent to October 20, 1998 have been recognized by the company. The
excess of the company's previously recognized losses over the basis of its
investments in Yantra as of October 20, 1998 have been credited to
retained earnings.
Yantra was incorporated in the United States in fiscal 1996 for the
development of software products in the retail and distribution areas. All
inter-company transactions between the company and Yantra have been
eliminated.
1.4 Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires that management make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities,
and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities on the date of the
financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses
during the reporting period. Examples of such estimates include estimates
of expected contract costs to be incurred to complete software
development, allowance for doubtful accounts, future obligations under
employee benefit plans and useful lives of property, plant and equipment.
Actual results could differ from those estimates.
1.5 Revenue recognition
The company derives its revenues primarily from software services and from
the licensing of software products. Revenue with respect to
time-and-material contracts is recognized as related costs are incurred.
Revenue from fixed-price, fixed-time frame contracts is recognized upon
the achievement of specified milestones identified in the related
contracts, in accordance with the percentage of completion method.
Selling, general and administrative expenses are charged to expense as
incurred. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are
recorded in the period in which such losses become probable based on the
current contract estimates. The company provides its clients with a
three-month warranty for corrections of errors and telephone support for
all its fixed-price, fixed-time frame contracts. Costs associated with
such services are accrued at the time the related revenue is recorded.
Revenue from licensing of software products is recognized upon shipment of
products and fulfillment of acceptance terms, if any, provided that no
significant vendor obligations remain and the collection of the related
receivable is probable. When the company receives advance payments for
software products, such payments are
<PAGE>
reported as client deposits until all conditions for revenue recognition
are met. Maintenance revenue arising due to the sale of software products
is deferred and recognized ratably over the term of the agreement,
generally 12 months. Revenue from client training, support, and other
services arising due to the sale of software products is recognized as the
service is performed.
1.6 Cash and cash equivalents
The company considers all highly liquid investments with a remaining
maturity at the date of purchase/ investment of three months or less to be
cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash, cash on
deposit with banks, marketable securities and deposits with corporations.
1.7 Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. The company computes
depreciation for all property, plant and equipment using the straight-line
method. The estimated useful lives of assets are as follows:
Buildings 15 years
Furniture and fixtures 5 years
Computer equipment 2-5 years
Plant and equipment 5 years
Vehicles 5 years
The cost of software purchased for use in software development and
services is charged to the cost of revenues at the time of acquisition.
The third party software expense in fiscal 1999, 1998, and 1997 was $
3,538,590, $ 2,381,626, and $ 1,102,733, respectively.
Deposits paid towards the acquisition of property, plant and equipment
outstanding at each balance sheet date and the cost of property, plant and
equipment not put to use before such date are disclosed under Capital
work-in-progress.
1.8 Impairment of long-lived assets
The company evaluates the recoverability of its long-lived assets and
certain identifiable intangibles, if any, whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable.
Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison
of the carrying amount of an asset to future undiscounted net cash flows
expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be
impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by
which the carrying value of the assets exceed the fair value of the
assets. Assets to be disposed are reported at the lower of the carrying
value or the fair value less cost to sell.
1.9 Research and development
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Software product
development costs are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility
is achieved. Software product development costs incurred subsequent to the
achievement of technological feasibility have not been significant and
have been expensed as incurred.
1.10 Foreign currency translation
The accompanying financial statements are reported in US dollars. The
functional currency of the company is the Indian rupee. The translation of
the Indian rupee into US dollars is performed for balance sheet accounts
using the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date, and for
revenue and expense accounts using a monthly simple average exchange rate
for the respective periods. The gains or losses resulting from such
translation are reported as other comprehensive income, a separate
component of stockholders' equity. The method for translating expenses of
overseas operations depends upon the funds used. If the payment is made
from a rupee denominated bank account, the exchange rate prevailing on the
date of the payment would apply. If the payment is made from a foreign
currency, i.e., non-rupee denominated account, the translation into rupees
is performed at the average monthly exchange rate.
1.11 Foreign currency transactions
The company enters into foreign exchange forward contracts to limit the
effect of exchange rate changes on its foreign currency receivables. Gains
and losses on these contracts are recognized as income or expense in the
statements of income as incurred, over the life of the contract.
1.12 Earnings per share
On January 1, 1998, the company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards ("SFAS") No. 128, "Earnings Per Share". In accordance with SFAS
No. 128, the basic earnings per share is computed using the
<PAGE>
weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period.
Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number
of common and dilutive common equivalent shares outstanding during the
period, using the treasury stock method for options and warrants, except
where the results would be anti-dilutive.
1.13 Income taxes
Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax
consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement
carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities, and their respective
tax bases and operating loss carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and
liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to
taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are
expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of changes in tax rates on
deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized as income in the period
that includes the enactment date. The measurement of deferred tax assets
is reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance for any tax benefits of
which future realization is uncertain.
1.14 Fair value of financial instruments
The carrying amounts reflected in the balance sheets for cash, cash
equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their
respective fair values due to the short maturities of these instruments.
1.15 Concentration of risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the company to
concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash equivalents and
trade receivables. The company's cash resources are invested with
corporations, financial institutions and banks with high investment grade
credit ratings. Limitations have been established by the company as to the
maximum amount of cash that may be invested with any such single entity.
To reduce its credit risk, the company performs ongoing credit evaluations
of clients.
1.16 Retirement benefits to employees
1.16.1 Gratuity
In accordance with the Indian law, the company provides for gratuity, a
defined benefit retirement plan (the "Gratuity Plan") covering all
employees. The plan provides a lump sum payment to vested employees at
retirement or termination of employment of an amount based on the
respective employee's salary and the years of employment with the company.
Until March 31, 1997, the company contributed each year to a gratuity fund
maintained by the Life Insurance Corporation of India based upon actuarial
valuations. No additional contributions were required to be made by the
company in excess of the unpaid contributions to the plan.
Effective April 1, 1997, the company established the Infosys Technologies
Limited Employees' Group Gratuity Fund Trust (the "Gratuity Fund Trust").
Liabilities with regard to the Gratuity Plan are determined by actuarial
valuation, based upon which the company makes contributions to the
Gratuity Fund Trust. Trustees administer the contributions made to the
Gratuity Fund Trust. The funds contributed to the Gratuity Fund Trust are
invested in specific securities as mandated by the law and generally
consist of federal and state government bonds and the debt instruments of
government-owned corporations.
1.16.2 Superannuation
Apart from being covered under the Gratuity Plan described above, the
senior officers of the company are also participants in a defined
contribution benefit plan maintained by the company. The plan is termed
the superannuation plan to which the company makes monthly contributions
based on a specified percentage of each covered employee's salary. The
company has no further obligations under the plan beyond its monthly
contributions.
1.16.3 Provident Fund
In addition to the above benefits, all employees receive benefits from a
provident fund, which is a defined contribution plan. Both the employee
and employer make monthly contributions to the plan, each equal to 12% of
the covered employee's salary. Until July 1996, the company contributed to
the employees' provident fund maintained by the Government of India.
Effective August 1996, the company established a provident fund trust to
which a part of the contributions are made each month. The remainder of
the contributions are made to the
<PAGE>
Government's provident fund. The company has no further obligations under
the plan beyond its monthly contributions.
1.17 Investments
Investments where the company controls between 20% and 50% of the voting
interest, are accounted for using the equity method. Investment securities
in which the company controls less than 20% voting interest are currently
classified as "available-for-sale" securities.
Investment securities designated as "available-for-sale" are carried at
fair value based on quoted market prices, with unrealized gains and
losses, net of deferred income taxes, reported as a separate component of
stockholders' equity. Realized gains and losses and declines in value
judged to be other than temporary on available-for-sale securities are
included in the statements of income. The cost of securities sold is based
on the specific identification method. Interest and dividend on securities
classified as "available-for-sale" are included in interest income.
1.18 Stock-based compensation
The company uses the intrinsic value-based method of Accounting Principles
Board ("APB") Opinion No. 25 to account for its employee stock-based
compensation plan. The company has therefore adopted the pro forma
disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation".
2. Notes to financial statements
2.1 Cash and cash equivalents
The cost and fair values for cash and cash equivalents as of March 31,
1999 and 1998 are as follows:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cost and fair value
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and bank deposits $ 96,119,672
Deposits with corporations 2,755,291
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ 98,874,963
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
1998
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and bank deposits $ 13,576,206
Deposits with corporations 1,843,059
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ 15,419,265
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.2 Accounts receivable
The accounts receivable, as of March 31, 1999, amounted to $ 20,056,678,
net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $ 301,930. The accounts
receivable, as of March 31, 1998, amounted to $ 10,263,084, net of
allowance for doubtful accounts of $ 393,799. The age profile is as given
below.
in %
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Period in days 1999 1998
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 - 30 58.8 61.5
31 - 60 24.5 29.4
61 - 90 10.8 6.3
More than 90 5.9 2.8
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
100.0 100.0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
<PAGE>
2.3 Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following:
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Rent deposits $1,403,445 $1,364,372
Deposits with government organizations 172,386 53,675
Loans to employees 1,983,319 895,971
Prepaid expenses 2,120,036 434,999
Other deposits 56,137 1,002,272
--------------------------------------------------------------------
$5,735,323 $3,751,289
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Other deposits represent advance payments to vendors for the supply of
goods and rendering of services. Deposits with government organizations
relate principally to leased telephone lines and electricity supplies.
2.4 Property, plant and equipment - net
Property, plant and equipment consist of the following:
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Land $ 2,580,924 $ 1,215,973
Buildings 6,831,097 4,903,049
Furniture and fixtures 4,966,929 3,331,759
Computer equipment 18,290,126 12,499,330
Plant and machinery 7,375,578 4,955,100
Vehicles 41,684 44,493
Capital work-in-progress 3,531,936 1,854,440
-------------------------------------------------------------------
43,618,274 28,804,144
Accumulated depreciation (19,717,961) (12,108,641)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
$ 23,900,313 $ 16,695,503
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Depreciation expense amounted to $ 8,521,009, $ 6,121,650 and $ 3,034,984
for fiscal years 1999, 1998 and 1997 respectively.
2.5 Other assets
Other assets mainly represent the non-current portion of loans to
employees.
2.6 Related parties
The company grants loans to employees for acquiring assets such as
property and cars. Such loans are repayable over fixed periods ranging
from 1 to 100 months. The rates at which the loans have been made to
employees vary between 0% to 4%. No loans have been made to employees in
connection with equity issues. The loans are generally secured by the
assets acquired by the employees. As of March 31, 1999 and 1998, amounts
receivable from officers amounting to $ 265,669 and $ 227,242, are
included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets in
the accompanying balance sheets.
The required repayments of loans by employees are as detailed below.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 -- $ 895,971
2000 $ 1,983,319 294,215
2001 953,440 241,304
2002 755,672 147,898
2003 528,918 104,415
2004 394,854 -
Thereafter 564,122 237,773
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Total $ 5,180,325 $ 1,921,576
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
<PAGE>
The estimated fair value amounts of the related party receivables at the
balance sheet date, amounts to $ 4,858,797 and $ 1,653,373 as of March 31,
1999 and 1998. These amounts have been determined using available market
information and appropriate valuation methodologies. Considerable
judgement is required to develop the estimates of fair value. Thus, the
estimates provided herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts
that the company could realize in the market.
2.7 Other accrued liabilities
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Accrued compensation to staff $ 3,116,559 $ 1,853,974
Accrued dividends 2,146,039 1,364,849
Provision for post sales client support 829,964 311,799
Others 2,307,238 1,448,684
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
$ 8,399,800 $ 4,979,306
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Accrued dividends represent dividends recommended and proposed by the
board of directors, subject to the approval of the shareholders.
2.8 Employee post-retirement benefits
2.8.1 Gratuity benefits
The following table sets forth the funded status of the plan, and the
amounts recognized in the company's balance sheets as of March 31, 1999
and 1998.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Change in benefit obligation
Projected Benefit Obligations (PBO) at the beginning of the year $ 1,804,504 $ 1,356,650
Effect of changes in assumptions used 7,370,968 --
Service cost 657,328 330,318
Interest cost 906,157 189,931
Benefits paid (73,983) (72,395)
Effect of exchange rate changes (113,905) --
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PBO at the end of the year $ 10,551,069 $ 1,804,504
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at the beginning of the year $ 680,499 $ 301,232
Effect of exchange rate changes (48,977) --
Actual return on plan assets 179,004 41,892
Employer contributions 1,760,792 409,770
Benefits paid (73,983) (72,395)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plan assets at the end of the year $ 2,497,335 $ 680,499
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Funded status $ (8,053,734) $ (1,124,005)
Excess of actual over estimated return on plan assets (41,723) (129,192)
Unrecognized actuarial gain -- (7,219)
Unrecognized transitional obligation 830,826 985,058
Unrecognized actuarial cost 7,252,766 --
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net amount recognized $ 11,865 $ (275,358)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Amounts recognized in the statement of financial position consist of:
Accrued benefit cost $ (11,865) $ 275,358
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
Net gratuity cost for fiscal 1999 and 1998 included the following
components:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Service cost $ 657,328 $ 330,318
Interest cost 906,157 189,931
Expected return on assets (143,038) (49,111)
Amortization 63,910 70,361
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net gratuity cost $ 1,484,357 $ 541,499
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
The assumptions used in accounting for the Gratuity Plan in fiscal 1999
and 1998 are set out below.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Discount rate 10% 14%
Rate of increase in compensation levels 12% 7.5%
Rate of return on plan assets 10% 12%
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
As the assumed rates used above have a significant effect on the amounts
reported, the company has assessed these rates as compared with prevalent
industry standards and its projected long-term plans of growth.
In fiscal 1997, the company contributed $ 161,606 to the gratuity plan
managed by the Life Insurance Corporation of India.
2.8.2 Superannuation benefits
The company contributed $ 145,051, $ 99,206 and $ 64,695 to the
superannuation plan in fiscal 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively.
2.8.3 Provident fund benefits
In addition, the company contributed $ 812,117, $ 537,663 and $ 237,833 to
the provident fund plan in fiscal 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively.
2.9 Preferred stock of subsidiary
In September 1997, the company's subsidiary, Yantra, sold 5,000,000 shares
of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $ 0.01 per share
("Series A Convertible Preferred") at $ 0.75 per share for $ 3,750,000 in
cash. The related offering costs of $ 49,853 were offset against the
proceeds of the issue. Of these, 2,000,000 shares were issued to the
company and 3,000,000 shares were issued to third party investors. The
preferred stock issued to the company is eliminated upon consolidation.
Preferred stock issued to third party investors is reported in the balance
sheet as preferred stock of subsidiary.
In August 1998, Yantra sold 4,800,000 shares of Series B Convertible
Preferred Stock, par value $ 0.01 per share ("Series B Convertible
Preferred") at $ 1.25 per share for $ 6,000,000 in cash to venture
capitalists. The related offering costs of $ 44,416 were offset against
the proceeds of the issue. In connection with this sale, Yantra issued
warrants to purchase 810,811 shares of Series B-1 Convertible Preferred
Stock, par value $ 0.01 per share ("Series B-1 Convertible Preferred"), at
$ 0.01 per share for $ 8,108 in cash. Such warrants are immediately
exercisable and expire in seven years. The exercise price of the warrants
is based upon the then current market price of the Series B-1 Convertible
Preferred at the time of exercise.
The holders of Series A Convertible Preferred are entitled to the
following rights, privileges and restrictions:
Holders of Series A Convertible Preferred vote with holders of common
stock on an as-converted basis, except as otherwise required by Delaware
law. The Series A Convertible Preferred are convertible into common stock
at a 1:1 ratio (subject to certain adjustments): (i) automatically in the
event of an initial public offering with gross proceeds of $ 10,000,000 or
more; or (ii) at any time at the holder's option. The holders of Series A
Convertible Preferred are entitled to a 6% cumulative dividend ($ 0.045
per share) and to receive additional dividends at the same rate of
dividends, if any, declared and paid on the common stock, calculated on an
as-converted basis. Upon a liquidation or sale of Yantra, holders of the
Series A Convertible Preferred are entitled to a liquidation preference of
$ 0.75 per share plus accrued and unpaid dividends; and any remaining
assets will be distributed to holders of the common stock. The Series A
Convertible Preferred is redeemable at the election of holders of 75% of
the outstanding shares of Series A Convertible Preferred at any time after
September 29, 2004 at a redemption price of $ 0.75 per share plus accrued
but unpaid dividends.
The holders of Series B and B-1 Convertible Preferred are entitled to
similar rights, privileges and restrictions as that of Series A
Convertible Preferred.
In October 1998, Infosys sold 1,363,637 shares of Series A Convertible
Preferred in Yantra, having a cost basis of $ 879,042 to a third party
investor for $ 1,500,000 thereby recognizing a gain of $ 620,958 and
reducing its voting interest in Yantra to approximately 47%. The company
presently accounts for Yantra by the equity method. De-consolidation of
Yantra has resulted in a credit to the company's retained earnings of an
amount of $ 2,468,831 representing the excess of Yantra's losses
previously recognized by the company, amounting to $ 4,445,903, over the
company's residual investment basis in Yantra amounting to $ 1,977,072.
The net assets
<PAGE>
and liabilities of Yantra as of March 31, 1998 and October 20, 1998
(unaudited) respectively, are presented below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
October 20, 1998 March 31, 1998
(unaudited)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Preferred stock (net of Infosys' holdings) $ 9,485,228 $ 2,317,500
Current liabilities 1,288,913 325,947
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total liabilities 10,774,141 2,643,447
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Current assets 7,422,303 2,836,372
Property, plant and equipment 491,044 243,196
Other assets 391,963 10,314
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total assets $ 8,305,310 $ 3,089,882
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net (Assets)/Liabilities $ 2,468,831 $ (446,435)
===============================================================================================
</TABLE>
2.10 Stockholders' equity
The company has only one class of capital stock referred to herein as
equity shares. In fiscal 1999 and 1998, the board of directors authorized
a two-for-one stock split of the company's equity shares effected in the
form of a stock dividend. All references in the financial statements to
number of shares, per share amounts and market prices of the company's
equity shares have been retroactively restated to reflect the increased
number of shares outstanding resulting from the stock split.
2.11 Equity shares
Voting
Each holder of equity shares is entitled to one vote per share.
Dividends
Should the company declare and pay dividends, such dividends will be paid
in Indian Rupees and is paid pro rata from the date of holding such
shares.
Indian law mandates that any dividend be declared out of distributable
profits only after the transfer of up to 10% of net income computed in
accordance with current regulations to a general reserve. Also, the
remittance of dividends outside India is governed by Indian law on foreign
exchange. Such dividend payments are also subject to applicable
withholding taxes. The company declared a cash dividend of $ 3,152,863, $
2,003,139 and $ 1,131,427 for fiscal 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively.
Liquidation
In the event of any liquidation of the company, the holders of common
stock shall be entitled to receive all of the remaining assets of the
company, after distribution of all preferential amounts, if any. Such
amounts will be in proportion to the number of shares of equity shares
held by the shareholders.
Stock options
There are no voting, dividend or liquidation rights to the holders of
warrants issued under the company's stock option plan.
2.12 Other income, net
Other income, net, consists of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Interest income and others $ 916,040 $ 526,508 $ 1,035,749
Gain on sale of investment in subsidiary 620,958 -- --
Income from sale of special import licenses -- 274,291 280,459
Interest expense -- -- (172,268)
Realized loss on sale of investments -- -- (374,380)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ 1,536,998 $ 800,799 $ 769,560
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
2.13 Operating leases
The company has various operating leases for office buildings that are
renewable on a periodic basis at its option. Rental expense for operating
leases for fiscal years 1999, 1998 and 1997 were $ 1,770,413, $ 1,432,447
and $ 679,705, respectively. The operating leases are can be cancelled at
the company's option.
2.14 Research and development
Selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying
statements of income include research and development expenses of $
2,819,326, $ 1,777,703 and $ 2,092,368, for fiscal years 1999, 1998 and
1997, respectively.
2.15 Employees Stock Offer Plan
1994 Employees Stock Offer Plan. In September 1994, the company
established the Employees Stock Offer Plan ("ESOP") which provides for the
issuance of 3,000,000 warrants (as adjusted for the stock split effective
June 1997 and December 1998) to eligible employees. The warrants were
issued to an employee welfare trust (the "Trust") at Re.1 each. The
warrants were purchased by the Trust using the proceeds of a loan obtained
from the company. The Trust holds the warrants and transfers them to
eligible employees. The warrants are transferred to employees at Re.1 each
and each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one of the company's
equity shares at a price of Indian Rs.100 per share. The warrants and the
equity shares received upon the exercise of warrants are subject to a
five-year aggregate vesting period from the date of issue of warrants to
employees. The warrants expire upon the earlier of five years from the
date of issue or September 1999. The fair market value of each warrant is
the market price of the underlying equity shares on the date of the grant.
In 1997, in anticipation of a share dividend to be declared by the
company, the Trust exercised all warrants held by it and converted them
into equity shares with the proceeds of a loan obtained from the company.
In connection with the warrant exercise and the share dividend, on an
adjusted basis, 1,505,600 equity shares were issued to employees of the
company who exercised stock purchase rights and 1,494,400 equity shares
were issued to the Trust for future issuance to employees pursuant to the
ESOP. Following such exercise, there were no longer any rights to purchase
equity shares from the company in connection with the ESOP. Only equity
shares held by the Trust remained for future issues to employees, subject
to vesting provisions. The equity shares acquired upon the exercise of the
warrants vests 100% upon the completion of five years of service. The
warrant holders were entitled to exercise early, but the shares received
are subject to the five year vesting period. As of March 31, 1999, the
company's outstanding equity shares included 218,800 shares held by the
Trust of which 164,000 were allotted to employees, subject to vesting
provisions and have been included in the calculation of diluted earnings
per share. The 54,800 equity shares reserved for future grants have not
been considered outstanding in the diluted earnings per share
calculations. The warrants allotted and the underlying equity shares are
not subject to any repurchase obligations by the company.
The company has elected to use the intrinsic value-based method of APB
Opinion No. 25 to account for its employee stock-based compensation plan.
During the years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, the company recorded
deferred compensation of $ 30,407,892, $ 6,890,343 and $ 2,002,597,
respectively, for the difference, on the grant date, between the exercise
price and the fair value as determined by quoted market prices of the
common stock underlying the warrants. The deferred compensation is
amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the
warrants/equity shares.
In fiscal 1998, the company declared a stock split of two equity shares
for each equity share outstanding in the form of a stock dividend to all
its shareholders including participants in the ESOP. Under the terms of
the ESOP, the additional equity shares issued to ESOP participants as a
result of the stock dividend were not subject to vesting. Consequently,
the amortization of deferred stock compensation of $ 1,519,739 relating to
these shares was accelerated at the time of the stock dividend. Similarly,
in fiscal 1999, the company declared a stock split of two equity shares
for each equity share outstanding to all its shareholders including
participants in the ESOP in the form of a stock dividend and consequently
recognized an accelerated compensation charge at the time of the stock
dividend amounting to $ 12,906,962.
1998 Employees Stock Offer Plan. The company's 1998 stock offer plan
provides for the grant of non-statutory stock options and incentive stock
options to employees of the company. The establishment of the 1998 plan
was approved by the board of directors in December 1997 and by the
shareholders in January 1998. The Government of India has approved the
1998 plan, subject to a limit of $ 50 million on the aggregate market
value of the equity
<PAGE>
shares reserved pursuant to the 1998 plan. Accordingly, the total equity
shares reserved for issuance may be reduced by the board of directors from
time to time to comply with the Government of India's $ 50 million limit.
A total of 800,000 equity shares are currently reserved for issuance
pursuant to the 1998 plan. Unless terminated sooner, the 1998 plan will
terminate automatically in January 2008. All options under the 1998 plan
will be exercisable for equity shares represented by American Depositary
Shares (ADSs). The 1998 plan may be administered by the board of directors
or a committee of the board. Options to acquire an aggregate of 106,500
equity shares were granted at an exercise price equal to the Initial
Public Offering (IPO) issue price concurrent with the company's IPO in the
United States.
The company has adopted the pro forma disclosure provisions of SFAS No.
123. Had compensation cost for the company's stock-based compensation plan
been determined in a manner consistent with the fair value approach
described in SFAS No. 123, the company's net income and basic earnings per
share as reported would have been reduced to the pro forma amounts
indicated below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net income As reported $ 17,446,088 $ 12, 344,188 $ 8,642,002
Adjusted pro forma 16,964,703 12,067,107 8,488,121
Basic earnings per share As reported 0.57 0.41 0.30
Adjusted pro forma $ 0.55 $ 0.41 $ 0.29
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
The fair value of each warrant is estimated on the date of grant using the
Black-Scholes model with the following assumptions:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Dividend yield % 0.1% 0.1% 0.1%
Expected life 5 years 5 years 5 years
Risk free interest rates 10.8% 10.8% 10.8%
Volatility 90.0% 90.0% 90.0%
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
Activity in the warrants/equity shares held by the 1994 and 1998 Employees
Stock Offer Plan during the periods is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shares arising Weighted Shares Weighted Shares Weighted
out of options average arising average arising average
exercise out of exercise out of exercise
price options price options price
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1994 Option plan:
Outstanding at the
beginning of the year 518,600 1,501,600 1,024,400
Granted 992,200 $ 1.18 553,600 $ 0.69 498,400 $ 0.71
Forfeited (18,200) $ 1.18 (35,000) $ 0.69 (17,200) $ 0.71
Exercised (1,328,600) (1,501,600) (4,000) --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outstanding at the
end of the year 164,000 518,600 -- 1,501,600
Exercisable at the
end of the year -- --
Weighted-average fair value
of grants during the year
at less than market $ 36.85 $ 7.33 $ 4.78
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1999 1998 1997
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shares arising Weighted Shares Weighted Shares Weighted
out of options average arising average arising average
exercise out of exercise out of exercise
price options price options price
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1998 Option plan:
Outstanding at the
beginning of the year -- -- --
Granted 106,500 $ 68.00 -- -- -- --
Forfeited -- -- -- -- -- --
Exercised -- -- -- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outstanding at the
end of the year 106,500 -- -- --
Exercisable at the
end of the year -- --
Weighted-average fair value
of grants during the year $ 68.00 -- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding
as of March 31, 1999:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outstanding Exercisable
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Range of Number of Weighted Weighted Number of Weighted
exercise Price shares arising average average shares arising average
out of options remaining exercise out of options exercise
contractual life price price
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
$ 0.69-$ 68.00 270,500 3.63 years $ 27.69 270,500 $ 27.69
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
2.16 Income taxes
The provision for income taxes was composed of:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Current taxes
Domestic taxes $ 777,351 $ 803,116 $ 1,269,490
Foreign taxes 4,725,726 674,895 300,000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5,503,077 1,478,011 1,569,490
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deferred taxes
Domestic taxes (625,427) (707,553) (249,220)
Foreign taxes -- -- --
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(625,427) (707,553) (249,220)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aggregate taxes $ 4,877,650 $ 770,458 $ 1,320,270
============================================================================================================================
</TABLE>
The tax effects of significant temporary differences that resulted in
deferred tax assets and liabilities and a description of the financial
statement items that created these differences are:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Deferred tax assets:
Property, plant and equipment $ 2,315,375 $ 1,089,948 $ 382,395
Net operating loss in Yantra -- 558,000 94,000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2,315,375 1,647,948 476,395
Less : Valuation allowance (600,000) (558,000) (94,000)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net deferred tax assets $ 1,715,375 $ 1,089,948 $ 382,395
============================================================================================================================
</TABLE>
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management
considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of
the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of
deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable
income during the periods in which the temporary differences become
deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of the projected
future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this
assessment. Based on the level of historical taxable income and
projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the
deferred tax assets are deductible, management believes that it is more
likely than not the company will realize the benefits of those deductible
differences, net of the existing
<PAGE>
valuation differences at March 31, 1999. The amount of the deferred tax
assets considered realizable, however, could be reduced in the near term
if estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period are
reduced.
The difference in net deferred tax expense (benefit) during fiscal years
1999, 1998 and 1997 has been allocated as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Deferred tax expense/ (benefit) allocated to:
Continuing operations $ (625,427) $ (707,553) $ (249,220)
Stockholders' equity--
Unrealized gain on investment -- -- 307,473
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ (625,427) $ (707,553) $ 58,253
<CAPTION>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net income before taxes $ 22,323,738 $ 13,182,146 $ 9,962,272
Enacted tax rates in India 35.0% 35.0% 43.0%
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Computed expected tax expense 7,813,308 4,613,751 4,283,777
Less : Tax effect due to non-taxable
export income (7,680,942) (4,493,920) (3,816,452)
Others 19,558 (355,821) 277,594
Effect of tax rate change -- (71,143) (28,738)
Effect of prior period tax adjustments -- 402,696 304,089
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Provision for Indian income tax 151,924 95,563 1,020,270
Effect of tax on foreign income 3,701,898 674,895 300,000
Effect of prior period foreign tax adjustments 1,023,828 -- --
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total current taxes $ 4,877,650 $ 770,458 $ 1,320,270
============================================================================================================================
</TABLE>
The provision for foreign taxes is due to income taxes payable overseas,
principally in the United States.
At present, in India, profits from export activities are deductible from
taxable income. Further, most of the company's operations come from "100%
export oriented units", which are entitled to a tax holiday for a period
of ten years from the date of commencement of operations.
2.17 Earnings per share
The following is a reconciliation of the equity shares used in the
computation of basic and diluted earnings per equity share:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Basic earnings per equity share - weighted average
number of common shares outstanding 30,689,425 29,787,144 29,036,394
Effect of dilutive common equivalent shares -
stock options outstanding 64,265 616,760 667,666
Diluted earnings per equity share - weighted
average number of common shares and common
equivalent shares outstanding 30,753,690 30,403,904 29,704,060
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
2.18 Lines of credit
The company has a line of credit from its bankers for its working capital
requirement of $ 1,200,000, bearing interest at prime lending rates as
applicable from time to time. As of March 31, 1999, the prime lending rate
for all its bankers was 13.5%. This facility is secured by inventories and
accounts receivable. The line of credit contains certain financial
covenants and restrictions on indebtedness and is renewable every 12
months. As of March 31, 1999, the company had no balance outstanding under
this facility.
2.19 Financial instruments
Foreign exchange forward contracts
The company enters into foreign exchange forward contracts to offset the
foreign currency risk arising from the accounts receivable denominated in
currencies other than the Indian rupee, primarily the US dollar.
<PAGE>
The counterparty to the company's foreign currency forward contracts is
generally a bank. The company considers that risks or economic
consequences of non-performance by the counterparty are not material.
There were no significant foreign exchange gains and losses for the years
1999, 1998 and 1997. The table, below, summarizes - by currency - the
contractual amounts of the company's open foreign exchange forward
contracts as of March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997. The "sell" amounts
represent the Indian rupee equivalent of contracts to sell foreign
currencies.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year-end Type of contract Currency Contract amount
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
1999 Sell US dollars --
1998 Sell US dollars $ 3,800,000
1997 Sell US dollars $ 2,400,000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
All the above contracts mature within a period of one year. The fair value
of the foreign currency contracts as of March 31, 1998 and 1997 was $
3,716,000 and $ 2,434,000 respectively.
2.20 Segment reporting
2.20.1 Revenue by geographic area
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
North America $ 99,203,989 $ 56,211,753 $ 31,057,917
Europe 11,302,791 6,179,621 3,256,502
India 2,051,492 1,799,368 3,921,741
Rest of the world 8,396,954 4,139,219 1,349,759
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ 120,955,226 $ 68,329,961 $ 39,585,919
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
2.20.2 Significant clients
One client accounted for 10.5% and 15.1% of the total revenue in 1998 and
1997. As of March 31, 1999, the accounts receivable from that client was $
1,133,189. The largest client accounted for 6.4% of the total revenue in
1999. As of March 31, 1999, the accounts receivable from this client was $
1,726,880.
2.21 Year 2000
Certain organizations anticipate that they will experience operational
difficulties at the beginning of the Year 2000 as a result of operational
computer programs using two digits rather than four to define the
applicable year. The company's plan for the Year 2000 calls for:
compliance verification with external vendors supplying the company
software; verifying compliance by the in-house engineering and
manufacturing software tools; verifying compliance by the software for the
company's products for the Year 2000; and communication with significant
suppliers to determine the readiness of these third parties for compliance
with the Year 2000 problem.
Any Year 2000 compliance problems of the company or of its clients or of
suppliers can have a material adverse effect on the company's business,
financial condition and on the results of the company's operations. During
the past three years, the company completed an effort to upgrade its
financial systems to well-known commercial products that, according to
their suppliers, are Year 2000 compliant. The company has received
confirmations from its primary suppliers indicating that they are either
Year 2000 compliant or have plans in place to ensure readiness. As part of
the company's assessment, the company is evaluating the level of
validation required of the third parties to ensure their Year 2000
readiness.
To date, the company has not encountered any material Year 2000 issues
concerning its computer programs. The company plans to complete its Year
2000 research and testing by early 1999. All costs associated with
carrying out the company's plan for the Year 2000 problem are being
expensed as incurred. The costs associated with preparation for the Year
2000 remediation are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the
company's business, financial condition and the results of operations.
Nevertheless, there is an uncertainty concerning the potential costs and
effects associated with any Year 2000 compliance.
2.22 Commitments and contingencies
The company has various letters of credit outstanding to different vendors
totaling $ 948,583 as of March 31, 1997. The letters of credit are
generally established for the import of hardware, software and other
capital items.
The company has outstanding performance guarantees for various statutory
purposes totaling $ 760,329, $ 438,429 and $ 556,393 as of March 31, 1999,
1998 and 1997 respectively. These guarantees are generally provided to
governmental agencies.
<PAGE>
2.23 Litigation
The company is subject to legal proceedings and claims which have arisen
in the ordinary course of its business. These actions, when ultimately
concluded and determined, will not, in the opinion of management, have a
material effect on the results of operations or the financial position of
the company.
2.24 Recent accounting pronouncements
The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants recently issued
Statement of Position (SOP) 98-1, "Accounting for the Costs of Computer
Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use". SOP 98-1 requires that
certain costs related to the development of software for internal-use be
capitalized or amortized over the estimated useful life of the software.
SOP 98-1 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years
beginning after December 15, 1998. The company estimates that all software
acquired for internal use has a relatively short useful life, usually less
than a year. The company, therefore, currently charges, to income, the
cost of acquiring such software, entirely at the time of acquisition. The
company does not believe that adopting the provisions of SOP 98-1 will
have a significant impact on its financial statements.
2.25 Quarterly financial data (unaudited)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
in $
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Quarter ended June 30 September 30 December 31 March 31 Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Fiscal 1999:
Net revenue 23,665,088 28,237,129 33,041,304 36,011,705 120,955,226
Operating income 6,049,541 8,181,651 10,810,441 (2,169,006) 22,872,627
Net income 4,775,766 6,159,382 9,581,679 (3,070,739) 17,446,088
Earnings per share:
Basic 0.16 0.20 0.31 (0.10) 0.57
Diluted 0.16 0.20 0.31 (0.10) 0.57
Equity share price - high 29.50 31.92 34.92 81.46 81.46
- low 22.32 25.51 26.06 34.69 22.32
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fiscal 1998:
Net revenue 12,791,408 16,849,466 18,771,524 19,917,563 68,329,961
Operating income 2,528,415 3,545,491 2,845,120 3,462,321 12,381,347
Net income 2,170,029 3,634,370 2,709,337 3,830,452 12,344,188
Earnings per share:
Basic 0.07 0.13 0.09 0.12 0.41
Diluted 0.07 0.13 0.09 0.12 0.41
Equity share price - high 13.35 22.07 20.32 23.12 23.12
- low 7.07 13.30 14.24 13.67 7.07
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fiscal 1997:
Net revenue 7,442,914 9,515,206 10,326,195 12,301,604 39,585,919
Operating income 1,123,276 2,600,252 2,091,089 3,378,095 9,192,712
Net income 1,020,570 2,389,326 2,263,700 2,968,406 8,642,002
Earnings per share:
Basic 0.04 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.30
Diluted 0.03 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.29
Equity share price - high 5.07 5.00 5.32 8.20 8.20
- low 3.33 4.42 4.44 5.33 3.33
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
o The third quarter of fiscal 1998 and the fourth quarter of fiscal 1999
includes charges of $ 1.52 million and $ 12.91 million respectively due to
compensation charges arising out of stock split.
o Changes in estimates in the fourth quarter of fiscal 1999 includes a
charge of $ 1.0 million ($ 0.03 per share) resulting from a change in the
effective income tax rate for the period.
<PAGE>
["The Company's Annual Report on Form 20-F, as filed with the U.S. Securities
and Exchange Commission on May 14, 1999 is included here"]
<PAGE>
Shareholder information
[PHOTO]
o Shareholder information
o Frequently asked questions (FAQ)
o Additional information to shareholders
- Share performance chart
- Intangible assets scoresheet
- Human Resources Accounting and Value-Added statement -
- Brand valuation - Balance Sheet (including intangible
assets) - Economic-Value-Added (EVA) statement
- Ratio analysis - Statutory obligations / segment
reporting
o Management structure
o A historical perspective
o Consolidated financial statements of Infosys and its
subsidiary
o Infosys Foundation
<PAGE>
Shareholder information
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Dates of book closure June 4, 1999 to June 12, 1999 (both days
inclusive)
2. Date and venue of the 3.00 p.m. on June 12, 1999, at Hotel Taj
annual general meeting Residency, No. 41/3, M. G. Road, Bangalore -
560 001.
3. Dividend payment On or after June 12, 1999, but within the
statutory time limit.
4. Listing on stock exchanges Bangalore Stock Exchange Ltd.
in India at Stock Exchange Towers, No. 51, 1st Cross,
J.C. Road, Bangalore - 560 027.
Tel.: 91-80-299 5234, Fax: 91-80-299 5242
The Stock Exchange, Mumbai
Phiroze Jeejeebhoy Towers, Dalal Street,
Mumbai - 400 001.
Tel.: 91-22-265 5581, Fax: 91-22-265 8121
National Stock Exchange of India Ltd.
Trade World, Senapati Bapat Marg,
Lower Parel, Mumbai - 400 013.
Tel.: 91-22-497 2950,
Fax: 91-22-491 4275 / 85
5. Listing fees Paid for all the above stock exchanges for
1998-99 and 1999-2000.
6. Listing on stock exchanges NASDAQ National Market in the United States
outside India 33 Whitehall Street, New York, NY-1004-4087
Tel.: 1-212-709-2400, Fax: 1-212-709-2496
7. Registered office Electronics City, Hosur Road,
Bangalore - 561 229, India.
Tel.: 91-80-852 0261, Fax: 91-80-852 0362
Homepage: www.itlinfosys.com
8. Stock market data relating to shares listed in India
a. The company's market capitalization is included in the computation
of the BSE-30 Sensitive Index (Sensex), the BSE Dollex and S&P CNX
NIFTY Index.
b. Monthly high and low quotations as well as the volume of shares
traded at Mumbai and National Stock Exchanges for 1998-99 are:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BSE NSE
High Low Volume High Low Volume
Rs. Rs. Nos. Rs. Rs. Nos.
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
April, 1998 2,458 1,838 11,18,500 2,439 1,842 17,27,100
May 2,535 2,151 12,84,805 2,550 2,150 25,48,100
June 2,624 1,872 15,01,280 2,600 1,870 20,84,000
July 2,678 2,142 17,88,240 2,682 2,149 24,13,400
August 2,798 2,475 14,03,200 2,786 2,465 19,72,900
September 2,610 2,291 13,11,424 2,580 2,291 14,10,400
October 2,470 2,141 15,26,800 2,475 2,140 18,77,600
November 2,467 2,272 6,35,501 2,479 2,273 8,34,300
December 3,079 2,323 14,12,781 3,110 2,319 14,99,334
January, 1999 5,000 2,933 8,69,996 4,998 2,946 7,29,303
February 4,978 2,300* 7,39,438 5,150 2,430* 10,04,597
March 3,499 2,610 28,11,605 3,457 2,600 29,48,453
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1,64,03,570 2,10,49,487
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% of volume traded to average 1998-99 102.41%# 131.42%#
shares outstanding 1997-98 25.49% 51.67%
1996-97 7.15% 7.82%
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
* Ex-bonus price
# The number of shares outstanding have been taken to be 1,60,17,200, as the
bonus shares were not listed on the stock exchanges as at March 31, 1999.
Note: There was no trading in the shares of Infosys on the Bangalore Stock
Exchange during the period May 1998 to March 1999. The last trade on the
Bangalore Stock Exchange was on April 24, 1998. The highest share price in
April 1998 was Rs. 2,240, while the lowest was Rs. 1,225 with a volume of
2,100 shares.
<PAGE>
9. Share transfers in physical form
and other communication regarding
share certificates, dividends, and
change of address, etc., in India
may be addressed to
Karvy Consultants Limited
Registrars and Share Transfer Agents
T.K.N. Complex, No. 51/2, Vanivilas Road,
Opp. National College, Basavanagudi,
Bangalore - 560 004.
Tel.: 91-80-662 1184, Fax: 91-80-662 1169
Email: [email protected]
10. Share transfer system
The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has mandated that
investors should compulsorily trade in dematerialized form in the
securities of Infosys from January 4, 1999. Investors are required to open
an account with a Depositary Participant to trade in dematerialized form.
The list of Depositary Participants are available with the National
Securities Depositary Limited (NSDL). A booklet - An Investor's Guide to
Depositaries is available at www.itlinfosys.com.
Shares sent for physical transfer would be registered and returned within
a period of 15 days from the date of receipt, if the documents are clear
in all respects. The Share Transfer Committee of the company meets as
often as required. The total number of shares transferred in physical form
during the year 1998-99 were 19,79,276 (previous year - 22,22,907). 85.53%
of transfers (previous year - 62.05%) were completed within 15 days.
Shares in dematerialized form were transferred within 10 days.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1998-99 1997-98
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transfer No. of No. of No. of No. of
period transferees (folios) shares % transferees (folios) shares %
in days New Existing New Existing
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1 - 10 1,609 152 14,33,242 72.41 279 39 3,91,575 17.62
11 - 15 237 76 2,59,601 13.12 497 67 9,87,647 44.43
16 - 20 291 103 2,26,857 11.46 264 42 7,81,310 35.15
* 21 and above 108 37 59,576 3.01 68 23 62,375 2.80
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2,245 368 19,79,276 100.00 1,108 171 22,22,907 100.00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
* Delays beyond 21 days were due to compliance of legal requirements
11. Investors' services - Complaints received during the year
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nature of complaints 1998-99 1997-98
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Received Cleared Received Cleared
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1. Non-receipt of share certificates 78 78 82 82
2. Non-receipt of bonus shares 10 10 58 58
3. Letters from Stock Exchanges, SEBI, etc. 1 1 12 12
4. Non-receipt of dividend warrants 44 44 102 102
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
133 133 254 254
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
The company has attended to most of the investors'
grievances/correspondence within a period of 10 days from the date of
receipt of the same, during the year 1998-99.
12. Legal proceedings
There are some pending cases relating to disputes over title to shares, in
which the company is made a party. These cases are however not material in
nature.
<PAGE>
13. Distribution of shareholding as on March 31
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
No. of equity No. of % of No. of % of No. of % of No. of % of
shares held share- share- shares share- share- share- shares share-
holders holders holding holders holders holding
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1 - 100 2,270 23.83 60,666 0.19 792 11.96 73,085 0.46
101 - 200 1,661 17.44 3,25,240 1.02 1,934 29.21 3,69,468 2.31
201 - 500 1,884 19.78 7,43,110 2.32 2,459 37.13 9,24,934 5.77
501 - 1000 2,077 21.80 15,92,225 4.97 759 11.46 5,69,817 3.56
1001 - 5000 1,235 12.96 26,85,624 8.38 469 7.08 8,84,952 5.53
5001 - 10000 154 1.62 11,16,090 3.48 65 0.98 4,80,740 3.00
10001 and above 245 2.57 2,55,11,445 79.64 144 2.18 1,27,14,204 79.37
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 9,526 100.00 3,20,34,400 100.00 6,622 100.00 1,60,17,200 100.00
American Depositary
Shares 1* 10,35,000 -- --
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 9,527 3,30,69,400
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
* Held by beneficial owners outside India.
14. Categories of shareholders as on March 31
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category No. of Voting No. of shares No. of Voting No. of shares
shareholders strength (%) held shareholders strength (%) held
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Individuals 8,923 25.14 83,14,380 6,305 28.41 45,49,823
Companies 323 3.60 11,89,070 152 2.81 4,49,577
FIIs 142 24.79 81,96,512 62 24.45 39,15,700
OCBs and NRIs 47 0.52 1,74,034 27 0.23 37,600
Founders and their families 18 29.69 98,19,600 18 30.96 49,58,900
Mutual Funds, Banks, FIs 73 13.13 43,40,804 58 13.14 21,05,600
American Depositary Shares 1* 3.13 10,35,000 -- -- --
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 9,527 100.00 3,30,69,400 6,622 100.00 1,60,17,200
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
* Held by beneficial owners outside India.
15. Shares under lock-in
Details of shares held by employees under the Employee Stock Offer Plan
(ESOP) subject to lock-in are given below. These shares are also included
in the categories of shareholders given in (14) above.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
No. of shares subject to lock-in as on March 31
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Period of lock-in No. of shares No. of employees No. of shares No. of employees
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
4-5 years 4,07,100 1,106 -- --
3-4 years 2,57,200 348 1,14,800 171
2-3 years 1,06,200 156 1,37,400 113
1-2 years 1,32,600 110 1,13,900 78
0-1 years 1,11,100 76 -- --
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
During the year, rights to 1,64,000 shares were awarded to 607 employees,
which are subject to a lock-in of 4-5 years as on March 31, 1999. During
1997-98, rights to 2,69,600 shares were awarded to 366 employees.
Currently, 1,744 employees are beneficiaries of the ESOP. The ITL
Employees Welfare Trust holds, as on March 31, 1999, 54,800 shares for
future grants. Shares subject to lock-in held by the employees will be
transferred back to the ITL Employees Welfare Trust when such employees
leave the services of the company.
<PAGE>
16. Dematerialization of shares and liquidity
Your company was the first in India to pay a one-time custodial fee of Rs.
44.43 lakh to National Securities Depositary Limited (NSDL). Consequently,
the company's shareholders are exempted from paying to the depositary
participants, custodial fee charged by the NSDL on their holding. This
payment of one-time custodial fee extends to the issue of bonus shares
also. The company hopes that this initiative will enthuse shareholders to
dematerialize their holding in the company. Over 77% of the company's
shares are now held in electronic form.
A detailed letter explaining the methodology of using the Depositary as
well as a booklet - An Investor's Guide to Depositories - was sent by the
company to all its shareholders during November 1998. Copies of the
booklet will be made available to shareholders on request.
The Stock Exchange, Mumbai has permitted trading of your company's shares
in the `A' group. This move is expected to increase the liquidity of your
company's shares.
17. Financial calendar (tentative and subject to change)
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Annual General Meeting June 12, 1999
Financial reporting for the first quarter ending June 30, 1999 July 9, 1999
Financial reporting for the second quarter ending September 30, 1999 October 8, 1999
Interim dividend payment (if any) November 1999
Financial reporting for the third quarter ending December 31, 1999 January 11, 2000
Financial results for the year ending March 31, 2000 April 11, 2000
Annual General Meeting for the year ending March 31, 2000 May 2000
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
18. Investors' correspondence in India Any queries relating to the financial statements of
may be addressed to: the company may be addressed to:
Mr. V. Viswanathan, Mr. T. V. Mohandas Pai,
Company Secretary, Investors' Service Cell, Senior Vice President (F&A),
Infosys Technologies Ltd., Electronics City, Infosys Technologies Ltd., Electronics City,
Hosur Road, Bangalore - 561 229, India. Hosur Road, Bangalore - 561 229, India.
Tel.: 91-80-852 1518, Fax: 91-80-852 0362 Tel.: 91-80-852 0396, Fax: 91-80-852 0362
(e-mail address: [email protected]) (e-mail address: [email protected])
19. Reuters code - INFO.BO (BSE) Bloomberg code - INFO IN (BSE)
- INFO.NS (NSE) - NINFO IN (NSE)
</TABLE>
20. Stock market data relating to American Depositary Shares (ADSs)
a. ADS listed at NASDAQ National Market in the
United States
b. Ratio of ADS to equity shares 2 ADS for one equity share
c. ADS symbol INFY
d. The American Depositary Shares issued under the ADS program of the
company were listed on the NASDAQ National Market in the United
States on March 11, 1999. The monthly high and low quotations as
well as the volume of ADSs traded at NASDAQ National Market for
1998-99 are:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
High Low Volume
$ Rs.* $ Rs.* Nos
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
March, 1999 50.00 2,107# 37.375 1,575# 49,13,500
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percentage of volume traded to total float 237.37%
</TABLE>
* Converted as 1 US $ = Rs. 42.14.
# 2 ADS = 1 equity share
<PAGE>
e. American Depositary Shares premium to the shares traded on the
Indian Stock Exchanges
ADS Premium
[GRAPHIC]
* 2 ADS = 1 equity share
f. Investor correspondence in P. R. Ganapathy
the US may be addressed to Investor Relations Officer
Infosys Technologies Limited
42808 Christy Street, Suite 203
Fremont CA 94538, USA.
Tel.: 1-510-770-3400 Ext. 412,
Mobile: 1-510-872-4412,
Fax: 1-510-770-9469,
E-mail: [email protected]
g. Name and address of the Bankers Trust Company
Depositary Bank Corporate Trust and Agency Services
4 Albany Street
New York, NY 10006, USA.
Tel.: 1-212-250-8500,
Fax: 1-212-250-5644.
Bankers Trust Company
702, Dalamal House
Jamnalal Bajaj Marg, Nariman Point
Mumbai - 400 021, India.
Tel.: 91-22-284 3593,
Fax: 91-22-284 3652.
i. Name and address of the ICICI Limited
Custodian in India Mistry Bhavan, 1 Floor
Sir Dinshaw Vacha Road
122, Backbay Reclamation
Mumbai - 400 020, India.
Tel.: 91-22-204 4370,
Fax: 91-22-204 4237.
j. ADS-linked stock options
During the year 213,000 options corresponding to 106,500 equity
shares were granted to 36 employees both in India and abroad at the
ADS issue price of US$ 34 per ADS.
<PAGE>
Frequently asked questions
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. What is an American Depositary Share ("ADS")?
Ans: An ADS is a negotiable certificate evidencing ownership of an
outstanding class of stock in a non-US company. ADSs are created when
ordinary shares are delivered to a custodian bank in the domestic market,
which then instructs a depositary bank in the US to issue ADSs based on a
predetermined ratio. ADSs are SEC registered securities and may trade
freely, just like any other security, either on an exchange or in the
over-the-counter market.
2. What is the difference between an ADS and a GDR?
Ans: ADSs and GDRs (Global Depositary Receipts) are the same in their
functionality - they both evidence ownership of foreign securities
deposited with a custodian bank. ADSs represent securities that are listed
in the United States, while GDRs represent securities listed outside of
the United States, typically in London.
3. Do the ADSs have voting rights?
Ans: Yes. In the event of a matter submitted to the holders of ordinary
shares for a vote, the ADS holders on record as at a particular date will
be allowed to instruct the depositary bank to exercise the vote in respect
of the equity shares representing the ADS held by them.
4. Where and in which year was Infosys incorporated?
Ans: Infosys was incorporated at Mumbai, in the state of Maharashtra, in
India on July 2, 1981.
5. Are the ADSs entitled to cash dividends?
Ans: Yes, whenever dividends are paid to ordinary shareholders. Cash
dividends to ADS holders are declared in local currency and paid in
dollars (based on the prevailing exchange rate) by the depositary bank,
net of the depositary's fees and expenses. The dividends are paid on a pro
rata basis.
6. When did Infosys have its initial public offer (IPO) and what was the
initial listing price? Was there any follow-on offering?
Ans: Infosys made an initial public offer in February 1993 and was listed
on stock exchanges in India in June 1993. Trading opened at Rs. 145 per
share compared to an IPO price of Rs. 95 per share. In October 1994,
Infosys made a private placement of 5,50,000 shares at Rs. 450 each to
Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs), Financial Institutions (FIs) and
Corporates. During March 1999, Infosys issued 2,070,000 ADSs (equivalent
to 10,35,000 equity shares) at US$ 34 per ADS under the American
Depositary Shares Program and the same were listed on the NASDAQ National
Market.
7. Which are the stock exchanges where Infosys shares are listed and traded?
Ans: Shares of Infosys are listed and traded in India on the Bangalore
Stock Exchange, The Stock Exchange, Mumbai, and the National Stock
Exchange. The ADSs of Infosys are traded on the NASDAQ National Market in
the US.
8. What is the Reuters code and Bloomberg code for Infosys stock?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ans: Exchange Reuters code Bloomberg code
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Stock Exchange, Mumbai INFO.BO INFO IN
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
National Stock Exchange INFO.NS NINFO IN
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. What is the Infosys ADS ratio?
Ans: Each Infosys ADS represents one-half of one ordinary equity share of
Infosys.
10. What is the symbol for Infosys ADS and where is it traded ?
Ans: The symbol is "INFY" and the same is traded on the NASDAQ National
Market in the US.
<PAGE>
11. When is the next earnings release? What is the fiscal year of Infosys?
Ans: The tentative dates of earnings releases are given below. The
earnings release date will also be posted on our homepage -
www.itlinfosys.com, after announcement to the stock exchanges.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Quarter Earnings release date (tentative and subject to change)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
First quarter ending June 30, 1999 July 9, 1999
Second quarter ending September 30, 1999 October 8, 1999
Third quarter ending December 31, 1999 January 11, 2000
Year ending March 31, 2000 April 11, 2000
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
The fiscal year of the company is a period of 12 months starting April 1,
every year.
12. What is the employee strength of Infosys?
Ans: As of March 31, 1999, Infosys employs 3,766 people, as compared to
2,605 on March 31, 1998, on a full-time basis. The distribution of the
employees is:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Software development including trainees 3,158 83.86% 2,186 83.92%
Support services 608 16.14% 419 16.08%
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 3,766 100.00% 2,605 100.00%
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The gender classification of employees is:
Male 3212 85.29% 2,228 85.53%
Female 554 14.71% 377 14.47%
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 3,766 100.00% 2,605 100.00%
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
The age profile of employees is:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Between 20 and 25 years 1,955 52% 1,040 40%
Between 26 and 30 years 1,286 34% 1,200 46%
Between 31 and 40 years 448 12% 308 12%
Between 41 and 50 years 68 2% 50 2%
Between 51 and 60 years 9 - 7 -
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 3,766 100.00% 2,605 100.00%
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
13. Does Infosys issue quarterly reports?
Ans: Yes. Infosys issues audited quarterly reports conforming to the
Indian GAAP and unaudited quarterly reports conforming to the US GAAP and
the same are mailed to all shareholders.
14. How do I transfer my shares in India or change my address with the
transfer agent?
Ans: To transfer shares in physical form, you have to write to the
company's registrars: Karvy Consultants Limited, Registrars and Share
Transfer Agents, T.K.N. Complex, No. 51/2, Vanivilas Road, Opp. National
College, Basavanagudi, Bangalore - 560 004, India. Tel.: 91-80-662 1184,
Fax: 91-80-662 1169, Email: [email protected] or
write to
Mr. V. Viswanathan ([email protected]), Company Secretary,
Infosys Technologies Ltd.,
Electronics City, Hosur Road, Bangalore - 561 229, India.
Tel.: 91-80-852 1518, Fax: 91-80-852 0362.
You can also address your queries to the e-mail id: [email protected]
Transfer of shares in electronic form are effected through your depositary
participant.
General correspondence regarding shares may be addressed to the company's
registrars, Karvy Consultants Limited, or to Mr. V. Viswanathan, Company
Secretary.
<PAGE>
15. Who are the depositary and custodian for the ADS program?
Ans: Depositary Bankers Trust Company
Corporate Trust Office
4 Albany Street, New York
NY 10006, USA.
Tel.: 1-510-970-3400.
Custodian ICICI Limited,
Mistry Bhavan, 1 Floor
Sir Dinshaw Vacha Road
122, Backbay Reclamation
Mumbai - 400 020, India.
Tel.: 91-22-204 4370, Fax: 91-22-204 4237.
16. What is the history of bonus issues (equivalent to stock split in the form
of stock dividend) at Infosys?
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ans: Year 1986 1989 1991 1992 1994 1997 1999
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Bonus issue ratio 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1
Stock split ratio 2 for 1 2 for 1 2 for 1 2 for 1 2 for 1 2 for 1 2 for 1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
17. How many software development centers does Infosys have?
Ans: Infosys has 11 development centers in India, of which six are in
Bangalore, and one each in Bhubaneswar, Mangalore, Pune and two in
Chennai.
18. How many marketing offices are there outside India?
Ans: There are 13 marketing offices outside India, of which 9 are located
in USA, and one each in the UK, Germany, Canada and Japan.
19. What are branded services? Are they going to increase the margins of
Infosys?
Ans: Branded services are services that have unique methodologies, tool
sets, processes, training material, sales collateral and knowledge base.
They facilitate high reusability of the company's knowledge base, improve
productivity, make selling easier and bring better value-for-money to our
clients. A good example of a branded service is In2000(R), Infosys'
solution to the millennium problem.
20. What percentage of Infosys revenue is derived from Year 2000?
Ans: In fiscal 1999, In2000(R) contributed 20% to revenues.
21. What are the new service offerings from Infosys?
Ans: The new areas that Infosys is addressing are engineering services,
Euro conversion, ERP implementation and Internet and e-commerce
consulting.
22. What was the employee strength and revenue growth since 1993, when the
company went for an IPO?
Ans: The employee strength and revenue growth since 1993 have been:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
As per US GAAP
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fiscal year ended Total no. of Net revenues Growth Net income Growth
March 31 employees in US$ % in US$ %
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1994 573 9,534,321 82 2,669,727 106
1995 903 18,105,010 90 3,963,367* 48
1996 1,172 26,607,009 47 6,823,637* 72
1997 1,705 39,585,919 49 8,642,002* 27
1998 2,605 68,329,961 73 12,344,188* 43
1999 3,766 120,955,226 77 17,446,088* 41
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
* After amortization of deferred stock compensation amounting to US$
16,552,538, US$ 2,566,613, US$ 767,926, US$ 360,853 and US$ 45,884 for
fiscal years 1999, 1998, 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively.
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
As per Indian GAAP
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fiscal year ended Total no. of Revenue Growth PAT* Growth
March 31 employees Rs. in lakhs % Rs. in lakhs %
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1994 573 30,08.47 110 8,09.19 131
1995 903 57,70.43 92 13,32.44 65
1996 1,172 93,41.34 62 21,00.94 58
1997 1,705 143,80.77 54 33,68.06 60
1998 2,605 260,36.57 81 60,36.33 79
1999 3,766 512,73.84 97 132,91.54 120
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
* From ordinary activities
23. Does Infosys pay a dividend? What is the dividend payment policy of
Infosys?
Ans: Currently, Infosys pays dividend to its shareholders. The current
dividend policy is to distribute up to 20% of the PAT as dividend. The
board of directors reviews the dividend policy periodically.
24. How do I contact Infosys by telephone, mail or in person?
Ans: Members of the press can contact the following Infosys' personnel for
any information.
N. R. Narayana Murthy,
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Tel: 91-80-852 0363/ 852 0399
Nandan M. Nilekani,
Managing Director, President
and Chief Operating Officer Tel: 91-80-852 0351
T. V. Mohandas Pai,
Senior Vice President
(Finance & Administration) Tel: 91-80-852 0396
The Infosys corporate mailing address is:
Infosys Technologies Limited, Electronics City, Hosur Road, Bangalore -
561 229, India.
Tel.: 91-80-852 0261, Fax: 91-80-852 0362
For direct correspondence, the general electronic address is
[email protected].
25. Is there any investor relations contact in the US?
Ans: Mr. P. R. Ganapathy, Investor Relations Officer, is based at our
Fremont office and will be available at the following address to answer
any queries from investors.
Infosys Technologies Limited
42808 Christy Street, Suite 203
Fremont CA 94538, USA.
Tel.: 1-510-770-3400 Ext. 412, Mobile: 1-510-872-4412,
Fax: 1-510-770-9469, E-mail: [email protected]
<PAGE>
Additional information to shareholders
Share performance chart
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Infosys management consistently cautions that the stock price performance shown
in the graph below should not be considered indicative of potential future stock
price performance.
[GRAPHIC]
The share price has been adjusted for three bonus issues of 1:1 during October
1994, October 1997 and March 1999
<PAGE>
Additional information to shareholders (contd.)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Intangible assets scoresheet
A knowledge-intensive company leverages know-how, innovation and reputation for
success in the marketplace. Hence, these attributes should be measured and
improved, year after year, to achieve the best performance. The profitability of
a knowledge firm depends on its ability to leverage the learnability of its
professionals, and in enhancing the re-usability of their knowledge and
expertise.
The stock price of a company is the result of the market's valuation of the
future earnings and growth potential of the company. Thus, the market provides a
value to the off-balance-sheet assets of the company - that is, those assets
which are invisible or which are not accounted for in the traditional financial
statements. The intangible assets of a company include its brand, products and
the ability to attract, develop and nurture a cadre of competent professionals,
and the ability to attract and retain marque clients.
Today's discerning investors take a critical look at the financial and
non-financial parameters that determine the long-term success of a company.
These new non-financial parameters challenge the usefulness of evaluating
companies solely on the traditional measures, as they appear in the financial
reports of a company. Thus, the intangible assets of the company have been
receiving considerable attention from corporate leaders.
The intangible assets of a company can be classified into four major categories
- - Human Resources, Intellectual Property Assets, Internal Assets and External
Assets.
Human resources
Human resources represent the collective expertise, innovation, leadership,
entrepreneurial and managerial skills endowed in the employees of an
organization.
Intellectual property assets
Intellectual property assets include know-how, copyright, patent, products and
tools that are owned by a corporation. These assets are valued based on their
commercial potential. A corporation derives its revenues by licensing these
assets to outside users.
Internal assets
Internal assets are systems, technologies, methodologies, processes and tools
that are specific to the organization. These assets give the organization a
unique advantage over its competitors in the marketplace. These assets are not
licensed to outsiders. Examples of internal assets include methodologies for
assessing risk, methodologies for managing projects, risk policies, and
communication systems.
External assets
External assets are the market-related intangibles that enhance the fitness of
an organization for succeeding in the marketplace. Examples are customer loyalty
(reflected by the repeat business of the company) and brand value.
The Score sheet
Infosys published models for valuing the two most valuable, intangible assets of
the company - Human Resources and the Infosys Brand. Last year, an attempt was
made to publish data on some of the internal and external assets of Infosys. The
score sheet published was broadly adopted from the Intangible asset score sheet
provided in the book titled The New Organizational Wealth written by Karl Erik
Sveiby and published by Berrett-Koehler Publishers Inc., San Francisco. We
believe such representation of intangible assets provides a tool to our
investors for evaluating the market-worthiness of a company.
The Infosys management cautions investors that these data are provided only as
additional information to investors. Using such reports for predicting the
future of Infosys, or any other company, is risky. The Infosys management is not
responsible for any direct, indirect or consequential losses suffered by any
person using these data.
<PAGE>
The Infosys Intangible Assets Scoresheet
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Knowledge Capital
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Our clients Our organization Our people
(External structure) (Internal structure) (Competence)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1998-99 1997-98 1998-99 1997-98 1998-99 1997-98
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Growth/Renewal
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Revenue growth over 97 81 IT investment/ value added 11.71 14.12 Education index of all 10,731 7,326
previous year (%) (%) staff
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percentage of revenue 49 46 R&D/ 2.62 2.88
from image-enhancing value added (%)
clients
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percentage of revenue 98 96 Total investment in 19.16 18.52
from exports organization/ value added
(%)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
No. of new clients 39 45
added during the year
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Efficiency
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sales/Client 407 243 Average proportion 14.90 17.10 Value added per software 13.69 10.67
(Rs. in lakhs) of support staff (%) engineer (Rs. in lakhs)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sales per support staff 107 72 Value added per employee 11.65 8.84
(Rs. in lakhs) (Rs. in lakhs)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stability
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Repeat-business revenue/ 90 83 Average age of support 30.88 31.15 Average age of all 26.14 26.56
total revenue (%) staff employees
(Years) (Years)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sales from the five 28 35
largest
clients/total revenue (%)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sales from the ten largest 44 50
clients/total revenue (%)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
The figures above are based on Indian GAAP financial statements.
