ARTICLE I - OFFICES
Section 1. The registered office of the corporation in the
State of Delaware shall be at 1050 South State Street, Dover,
Delaware 19901. The registered agent in charge thereof shall be
Corp. America Inc.
Section 2. The corporation may also have offices at such
other places as the Board of Directors may from time to
time appoint or the business of the corporation may
require.
ARTICLE II - SEAL
Section 1. The corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the
name of the corporation, the year of its organization and the
words "Corporate Seal, Delaware".
ARTICLE III - STOCKHOLDERS' MEETINGS
Section 1. Meetings of stockholders shall be held at the
registered office of the corporation in this state or at such
place, either within or without this state, as may be selected
from time to time by the Board of Directors.
Section 2. ANNUAL MEETINGS: The annual meeting of the
stockholders shall be held on the 30th day of December in each
year if not a legal holiday, and if a legal holiday, then on the
next secular day following at 11 o'clock a.m.., when they shall
elect a Board of Directors and transact such other business as
may properly be brought before the meeting. If the annual
meeting for election of directors is not held on the date
designated therefor, the directors shall cause the meeting to be
held as soon thereafter as convenient.
Section 3. ELECTION OF DIRECTORS: Elections of the directors of
the corporation will be by written ballot.
Section 4. SPECIAL MEETINGS: Special meetings of the stock-
holders may be called at any time by the President, or the Board
of Directors, or stockholders entitled to cast votes at the
particular meeting. At any time, upon written request of any
person or persons who have duly called a special meeting, it
shall be the duty of the Secretary to fix the date of the
meeting, to be held not more than sixty days after receipt of
the request, and to give due notice thereof. If the Secretary
shall neglect or refuse to fix the date of the meeting and give
notice thereof, the person or persons calling the meeting may do
so.
Business transacted at all special meetings shall be confined to
the objects stated in the call and matters germane thereto,
unless all stockholders entitled to vote are present and
consent.
Written notice of a special meeting of stockholders stating the
time and place and object thereof, shall be given to each
stockholder entitled to vote thereat at least 14 days before
such meeting, unless a greater period of notice is required by
statute in a particular case.
Section 5. QUORUM: A majority of the outstanding shares of
the corporation entitled to vote, represented in person or by
proxy, shall constitute a quorum at a meeting of stockholders.
If less than a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to
vote is represented at a meeting, a majority of the shares so
represented may adjourn the meeting from time to time without
further notice. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum
shall be present or represented, any business may be transacted
which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally
noticed. The stockholders present at a duly organized meeting
may continue to transact business until adjournment,
notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave
less than a quorum.
Section 6. PROXIES: Each stockholder entitled to vote at a
meeting of stockholders or to express consent or dissent to
corporate action in writing without a meeting may authorize
another person or persons to act for him by proxy, but no such
proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three years from its
date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period.
A duly executed proxy shall be irrevocable if it states that it
is irrevocable and if, and only as long as, it is coupled with
an interest sufficient in law to support an irrevocable proxy
regardless of whether the interest with which it is coupled is
an interest in the stock itself or an interest in the
corporation generally. All proxies shall be filed with the
Secretary of the meeting before being voted upon.
Section 7. NOTICE OF MEETINGS: Whenever stockholders are
required or permitted to take any action at a meeting, a written
notice of the meeting shall be given which shall state the
place, date and hour of the meeting, and, in the case of a
special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting
is called.
Unless otherwise provided by law, written notice of any meeting
shall be given not less than ten nor more than sixty days before
the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at
such meeting.
Section 8. CONSENT IN LIEU OF MEETINGS: Any action required to
be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders of a
corporation, or any action which may be taken at any annual or
special meeting of such stockholders, may be taken without a
meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent
in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed
by the holders of outstanding stock having not less that the
minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or
take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to
vote thereon were present and voted. Prompt notice of the
taking of the corporate action without a meeting by less than
unanimous written consent shall be given to those stockholders
who have not consented in writing.
Section 9. LIST OF STOCKHOLDERS: The officer who has charge of
the stock ledger of the corporation shall prepare and make, at
least ten days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete
list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting,
arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each
stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of
each stockholder. No share of stock upon which any installment
is due and unpaid shall be voted at any meeting. The list shall
be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose
germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a
period of at least ten days prior to the meeting, either at a
place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which
place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if
not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held.
The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place
of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be
inspected by any stockholder who is present.
ARTICLE IV - DIRECTORS
Section 1. The business and affairs of this corporation
shall be managed by its Board of Directors, three in number.
The directors need not be residents of this state or
stockholders in the corporation. They shall be elected by the
stockholders at the annual meeting of stockholders of the
corporation, and each director shall be elected for the term of
one year, and until his successor shall be elected and shall
qualify or until his earlier resignation or removal.
Section 2. REGULAR MEETINGS: Regular meetings of the Board
shall be held without notice at the registered office of the
corporation, or at such other time and place as shall be
determined by the Board.
Section 3. SPECIAL MEETINGS: Special Meetings of the Board
may be called by the President on 14 days notice to each
director, either personally or by mail or by telegram; special
meetings shall be called by the President or Secretary in like
manner and on like notice on the written request of a majority
of the directors.
Section 4. QUORUM: A majority of the total number of
directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of
business.
Section 5. CONSENT IN LIEU OF MEETING: Any action required
or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of
Directors, or of any committee thereof, may be taken without a
meeting if all members of the board or committee, as the case
may be, consent thereto in writing, and the writing or writings
are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board or
committee. The Board of Directors may hold its meetings, and
have an office or offices, outside of this state.
Section 6. CONFERENCE TELEPHONE: One or more directors may
participate in a meeting of the Board, of a committee of the
Board or of the stockholders, by means of conference telephone
or similar communications equipment by means of which all
persons participating in the meeting can hear each other;
participation in this manner shall constitute presence in person
at such meeting.
Section 7. COMPENSATION: Directors, as such, shall not receive
any stated salary for their services, but by resolution of the
Board, a fixed sum and expenses of attendance, if any, may be
allowed for attendance at each regular or special meeting of the
Board PROVIDED, that nothing herein contained shall be construed
to preclude any director from serving the corporation in any
other capacity and receiving compensation therefor.
Section 8. REMOVAL: Any director or the entire Board of
Directors may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders
of a majority of the shares then entitled to vote at an election
of directors, except that when cumulative voting is permitted,
if less than the entire Board is to be removed, no director may
be removed without cause if the votes cast against his removal
would be sufficient to elect him if then cumulatively voted at
an election of the entire Board of Directors, or, if there be
classes of directors, at an election of the class of directors
of which he is a part.
ARTICLE V - OFFICERS
Section 1. The executive officers of the corporation shall
be chosen by the directors and shall be a President, Secretary
and Treasurer. The Board of Directors may also choose a
Chairman, one or more Vice Presidents and such other officers as
it shall deem necessary. Any number of offices may be held by
the same person.
Section 2. SALARIES: Salaries of all officers and agents of
the corporation shall be fixed by the Board of Directors.
Section 3. TERM OF OFFICE: The officers of the corporation
shall hold office for one year and until their successors are
chosen and have qualified. Any officer or agent elected or
appointed by the Board may be removed by the Board of Directors
whenever, in its judgment, the best interest of the corporation
will be served thereby.
Section 4. PRESIDENT: The President shall be the chief
executive officer of the corporation; he shall preside at all
meetings of the stockholders and directors; he shall have
general and active management of the business of the
corporation, shall see that all orders and resolutions of the
Board are carried into effect, subject, however, to the right of
the directors to delegate any specific powers, except such as
may be by statute exclusively conferred on the President, to any
other officer or officers of the corporation. He shall execute
bonds, mortgages and other contracts requiring a seal, under the
seal of the corporation. He shall be EX-OFFICIO a member of all
committees, and shall have the general power and duties of
supervision and management usually vested in the office of
President of a corporation.
Section 5. SECRETARY: The Secretary shall attend all sessions of
the Board and all meetings of the stockholders and act as clerk
thereof, and record all the votes of the corporation and the
minutes of all its transactions in a book to be kept for that
purpose, and shall perform like duties for all committees of the
Board of Directors when required. He shall give, or cause to be
given, notice of all meetings of the stockholders and of the
Board of Directors, and shall perform such other duties as may
be prescribed by the Board of Directors or President, and under
whose supervision he shall be. He shall keep in safe custody
the corporate seal of the corporation, and when authorized by
the Board, affix the same to any instrument requiring it.
Section 6. TREASURER: The Treasurer shall have custody of the
corporate funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate
accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the
corporation, and shall keep the moneys of the corporation in a
separate account to the credit of the corporation. He shall
disburse the funds of the corporation as may be ordered by the
Board, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall
render to the President and directors, at the regular meetings
of the Board, or whenever they may require it, an account of all
his transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of
the corporation.
ARTICLE VI - VACANCIES
Section 1. Any vacancy occurring in any office of the
corporation by death, resignation, removal or otherwise, shall
be filled by the Board of Directors. Vacancies and newly
created directorships resulting from an increase in the
authorized number of directors may be filled by a majority of
the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by
a sole remaining director. If at any time, by reason of death
or resignation or other cause, the corporation should have no
directors in office, then any officer or any stockholder or an
executor, administrator, trustee or guardian of a stockholder,
or other fiduciary entrusted with like responsibility for the
person or estate of a stockholder, may call a special meeting of
stockholders in accordance with the provisions of these By-
law's.
Section 2. RESIGNATIONS EFFECTIVE AT FUTURE DATE: When one
or more directors shall resign from the Board, effective at a
future date, a majority of the directors then in office,
including those who have so resigned, shall have power to fill
such vacancy or vacancies, the vote thereon to take effect when
such resignation or resignations shall become effective.
ARTICLE VII - CORPORATE RECORDS
Section 1. Any stockholder of record, in person or by
attorney or other agent, shall, upon written demand under oath
stating the purpose thereof, have the right during the usual
hours for business to inspect for any proper purpose the
corporation's stock ledger, a list of its stockholders, and its
other books and records, and to make copies or extracts
therefrom. A proper purpose shall mean a purpose reasonably
related to such person's interest as a stockholder. In every
instance where an attorney or other agent shall be the person
who seeks the right to inspection, the demand under oath shall
be accompanied by a power of attorney or such other writing
which authorizes the attorney or other agent to so act on behalf
of the stockholder. The demand under oath shall be directed to
the corporation at its registered office in this state or at its
principal place of business.
ARTICLE VIII - STOCK CERTIFICATES, DIVIDEND, ETC.
Section 1. The stock certificates of the corporation shall
be numbered and registered in the share ledger and transfer
books of the corporation as they are issued. They shall bear
the corporate seal and shall be signed by the President and
Secretary.
Section 2. TRANSFERS: Transfers of shares shall be made on the
he books of the corporation upon surrender of the certificates
therefor, endorsed by the person named in the certificate or by
attorney, lawfully constituted in writing. No transfer shall be
made which inconsistent with law.
Section 3. LOST CERTIFICATE: The corporation may issue a new
certificate of stock in the place of any certificate signed by
it, alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, and the
corporation may require the owner of the lost, stolen or
destroyed certificate, or his legal representative, to give the
corporation a bond sufficient to indemnify it against any claim
that may be made against it on account of the alleged loss,
theft or destruction of any such certificate or the issuance of
such new certificate.
Section 4. RECORD DATE: In order that the corporation may
determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at
any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or to
express consent to corporate action in writing without a
meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other
distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise
any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of
stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board
of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not
be more than sixty nor less than ten days before the date of
such meeting, nor more than sixty days prior to any other
action.
If no record date is fixed-.
(a) The record date for determining stockholders
entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of
stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day
next preceding the day on which notice is given, if
notice is waived, at the close of business on the day
next preceding the day on which the meeting is held.
(b) The record date for determining stockholders
entitled to express consent to corporate action in
writing without a meeting, when no prior action by the
Board of Directors is necessary, shall be the day on
which the first written consent is expressed.
(c) The record date for determining stockholders for
any other purpose shall be at the close of business on
the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the
resolution relating thereto.
(d) A determination of stockholders of record
entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of
stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the
meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors
may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.
Section 5. DIVIDENDS: The Board of Directors may declare
and pay dividends upon the outstanding shares of the
corporation, from time to time and to such extent as they deem
advisable, in the manner and upon the terms and conditions
provided by statute and the Certificate of Incorporation.
Section 6. RESERVES: Before payment of any dividend there may
be set aside out of the net profits of the corporation such sum
or sums as the directors, from time to time, in their absolute
discretion, think proper as a reserve fund to meet
contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or
maintaining any property of the corporation, or for such other
purpose as the directors shall think conducive to the interests
of the corporation, and the directors may abolish any such
reserve in the manner in which it was created.
ARTICLE IX - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
Section 1. CHECKS: All checks or demands for money and notes of
the corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers as
the Board of Directors may from time to time designate.
Section 2. FISCAL YEAR: The fiscal year shall begin on the first
day of January.
Section 3. NOTICE: Whenever written notice is required to
be given to any person, it may be given to such person, either
personally or by sending a copy thereof through the mail, or by
telegram, charge prepaid, to his address appearing on the books
of the corporation, or supplied by him to the corporation for
the purpose of notice. If the notice is sent by mail or by
telegraph, it shall be deemed to have been given to the person
entitled thereto when deposited in the United States mail or
with a telegraph office for transmission to such person. Such
notice shall specify the place, day and hour of the meeting and,
in the case of a special meeting of stockholders, the general
nature of the business to be transacted.
Section 4. WAIVER OF NOTICE: Whenever any written notice is
required by statute, or by the Certificate or the By-law's of
this corporation, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the
person or persons entitle to such notice, whether before or
after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to the
giving of such notice. Except in the case of a special meeting
of stockholders, neither the business to be transacted at nor
the purpose of the meeting need be specified in the waiver of
notice of such meeting. Attendance of a person either in person
or by proxy, at any meeting shall constitute a wavier of notice
of such meeting, except where a person attends a meeting for the
express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business
because the meeting was not lawfully called or convened.
Section 5. DISALLOWED COMPENSATION Any payments made to an
officer or employee of the corporation such as a salary,
commission, bonus, interest, rent, travel or entertainment
expense incurred by him, which shall be disallowed in whole or
in part as a deductible expense by the Internal Revenue Service,
shall be reimbursed by such officer or employee to the
corporation to the full extent of such disallowance. It shall
be the duty of the directors, as a Board, to enforce payment of
each such amount disallowed. In lieu of payment by the officer
or employee, subject to the determination of the directors,
proportionate amounts may be withheld from his future
compensation payments until the amount owed to the corporation
has been recovered.
Section 6. RESIGNATIONS: Any director or other officer may
resign at any time, such resignation to be in writing and to
take effect from the time of its receipt by the corporation,
unless some time be fixed in the resignation and then from that
date. The acceptance of a resignation shall not be required to
make it effective.
ARTICLE X - ANNUAL STATEMENT
Section 1. The President and the Board of Directors shall
present at each annual meeting a full and complete statement of
the business and affairs of the corporation for the preceding
year. Such statement shall be prepared and presented in
whatever manner the Board of Directors shall deem advisable and
need not be verified by a Certified Public Accountant.
ARTICLE XI - INDEMNIFICATION AND INSURANCE:
Section 1. (a) RIGHT TO INDEMNIFICATION. Each person who
was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party or is
involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil,
criminal, administrative or investigation (hereinafter a
"proceeding"), by reason of the fact that he or she, or a person
of whom he or she is the legal representative, is or was a
director or officer, of the Corporation or is or was serving at
the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee
or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint
venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with
respect to employee benefit plans, whether the basis of such
proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a
director, officer, employee or agent, shall be indemnified and
held harmless by the Corporation to the fullest extent
authorized by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as the same
exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such
amendment, only to the extent that such amendment), against all
expense, liability and loss (including attorneys' fees,
judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties and amounts
paid or to be paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or
suffered by such person in connection therewith and such
indemnification shall continue as to a person who has ceased to
be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the
benefit of his or her heirs, executors and administrators;
provided, however, that, except as provided in paragraph (b)
hereof, the Corporation shall indemnify any such person seeking
indemnification in connection with a proceeding (or part
thereof) initiated by such person only if such proceeding (or
part thereof) was authorized by the Board of Directors of the
Corporation. The right to indemnification conferred in this
Section shall be a contract right and shall include the right to
be paid by the Corporation the expenses incurred in defending
any such proceeding in advance of its disposition: provided,
however, that, if the Delaware General Corporation Law requires,
the payment of such expenses incurred by a director or officer
in his or her capacity as a director or officer (and not in any
other capacity in which service was or is rendered by such
person while a director or officer), to repay all amounts so
advanced if it shall ultimately be determined that such director
or officer is not entitled to be indemnified under this Section
or otherwise. The Corporation may, by action of its Board of
Directors, provide indemnification to employees and agents of
the Corporation with the same scope and effect as the foregoing
indemnification of directors and officers.
(b) RIGHT OF CLAIMANT TO BRING SUIT: If a written claim
under
paragraph (a) of this Section has been received by the
Corporation, the claimant may at any time thereafter bring suit
against the Corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the
claim and, if successful in whole or in part, the claimant shall
be entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting such
claim. It shall be a defense to any such action (other than an
action brought to enforce a claim for expenses incurred in
defending any proceeding in advance of its final disposition
where the required undertaking, if any is required, has been
tendered to the Corporation) that the claimant has not met the
standards of conduct which make it permissible under the
Delaware Corporation law for the Corporation to indemnify the
claimant for the amount claimed, but the burden of proving such
defense shall be on the Corporation. Neither the failure of the
Corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal
counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior
to the commencement of such action that indemnification of the
claimant is proper in the circumstances because he or she has
met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the Delaware
General Corporation Law, nor an actual determination by the
Corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal
counsel, or its stockholders) that the claimant has not met such
applicable standard or conduct, shall be a defense to the action
or create a presumption that the claimant has not met the
applicable standard or conduct.
(c) Notwithstanding any limitation to the contrary contained
in
sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, the corporation
shall, to the fullest extent permitted by Section 145 of the
General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as the same
may be amended and supplemented, indemnify any and all persons
whom it shall have power to indemnify under said section from
and against any and all of the expenses, liabilities or other
matters referred to in or covered by said section, and the
indemnification provided for herein shall not be deemed
exclusive of any other rights to which those indemnified may be
entitled under any By-law, agreement, vote of stockholders or
disinterested Directors or otherwise, both as to action in his
official capacity and as to action in another capacity while
holding such office, and shall continue as to a person who has
ceased to be director, officer, employee or agent and shall
inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators
of such a person.
(d) INSURANCE: The Corporation may maintain insurance, at its
expense, to protect itself and any director, officer, employee
or agent of the Corporation or another corporation, partnership,
joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any such
expense, liability or loss, whether or not the Corporation would
have the power to indemnify such person against such expense,
liability or loss under the Delaware General Corporation Law.
ARTICLE XII - AMENDMENTS
Section 1. These By-Laws may be amended or repealed by the vote
of stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority of the
votes which all stockholders are entitled to cast thereon, at
any regular or special meeting of the stockholders, duly
convened after notice to the stockholders of that purpose.
