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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
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FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JULY 31, 2000
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 000-26763
NET2PHONE, INC.
(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)
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DELAWARE 22-3559037
(STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION OF (I.R.S. EMPLOYER
INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION) IDENTIFICATION NO.)
520 BROAD STREET 07102
NEWARK, NEW JERSEY (ZIP CODE)
(ADDRESS OF REGISTRANT'S PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE
OFFICES)
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REGISTRANT'S TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE: (973) 412-2800
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT: NONE
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT:
COMMON STOCK, PAR VALUE $.01 PER SHARE
(TITLE OF CLASS)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. [ ]
The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by
non-affiliates of the registrant on October 24, 2000, was approximately $499.7
million. On such date, the last sale price of registrant's common stock was
$19.375 per share. Solely for the purposes of this calculation, shares
beneficially owned by directors and officers of the registrant and persons
owning 5 percent or more of the registrant's common stock (including the Class A
common stock) have been excluded, in that such persons may be deemed to be
affiliates of the registrant. Such exclusion should not be deemed a
determination or admission by registrant that such individuals or entities are,
in fact, affiliates of registrant. This calculation includes shares of the
registrant's Class A common stock, which may be converted at the option of the
holder into shares of the registrant's common stock on a one-to-one basis at any
time.
The number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant's classes of
common stock, as of October 24, 2000, was 27,057,646 shares of common stock and
33,625,000 shares of Class A common stock.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrant's Proxy Statement for the 2000 Annual Meeting of
Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III.
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NET2PHONE, INC.
2000 ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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NUMBER
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PART I.
ITEM 1. BUSINESS.................................................... 2
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.................................................. 29
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS........................................... 29
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS......... 30
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED
STOCKHOLDER MATTERS......................................... 30
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA..................................... 32
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS................................... 33
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET
RISK........................................................ 50
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA................. 51
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING
AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.................................... 51
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT.......... 51
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION...................................... 51
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND
MANAGEMENT.................................................. 51
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS.............. 51
PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM
8-K......................................................... 51
SIGNATURES............................................................... 54
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS............................... F-1
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PART I.
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
Net2Phone is a global leader in delivering voice and enhanced services over
Internet Protocol networks. We began operations in November 1995, launched our
first product in July 1996 and were incorporated in Delaware as a subsidiary of
IDT Corporation in October 1997. Net2Phone enables individuals and businesses to
place low-cost, high-quality calls from their computers, telephones and fax
machines to computers, telephones and fax machines worldwide via the public
Internet and private IP networks.
Through our consumer, enterprise, and carrier businesses, we have
strengthened our position as a leading platform for the migration of voice
traffic onto the Internet and over Internet Protocol networks -- the IP
telephony company of the future. At the same time, we have established strategic
partnerships with leading companies to further extend our reach into the
marketplace.
For example, our current strategic investors include AT&T Corp. (which,
through a subsidiary, acquired a 39 percent voting stake in Net2Phone in August
2000), IDT, SOFTBANK, Yahoo! Inc., America Online Inc. and GE Capital Equity
Investments, Inc./NBC.
We have developed a sophisticated software application that enables use of
our Web-based Internet telephony services. We promote our services through
direct sales and marketing and through strategic partners and international
resellers. Our software is currently available in ten languages (English,
Spanish, Japanese, French, Dutch, Portuguese, Italian, German, Swedish and
Chinese).
Our company is divided into six core product lines: (1) PC-based consumer
services, (2) phone-based consumer services, (3) enterprise solutions, (4)
carrier services, (5) broadband, and (6) YAP (Your Alternative Phone). All units
are supported by our marketing, operations, and networks divisions. By
delivering voice and enhanced services to IP networks through each of these
business units as well as our strategic partners, we hope to achieve ubiquity
throughout the marketplace.
Our consumer services enable low-cost, high-quality calls over the Internet
servicing over one million active users around the world. Our enterprise unit
now enables businesses nationwide to plug into our IP network to make clear
phone calls at reduced costs as well as layer enhanced services on the network.
We provide carriers and ISPs around the world with access to our IP network to
route calls worldwide. Our broadband division is capitalizing on the
opportunities in gaining high-speed "last mile" access into consumers' homes and
businesses, layering voice and enhanced services to provide phone and enhanced
services over broadband lines using our network. Our YAP division drives
consumer and business usage of our services by marketing devices designed to
make Internet calling easy.
Through our distribution efforts, we have voice enabled over 90% of the
instant messaging market. In July 2000, we teamed up with Microsoft to integrate
our PC-based client software into the latest version of MSN Messenger Service
3.0. The MSN Messenger Service 3.0, released in July, includes a new "Call"
button which allows users to place PC-to-PC or PC-to-phone calls to any of their
online buddies using our software and technology.
Additionally, in October 2000, we announced that we will provide our
voice-optimized IP network for voice transit to the Yahoo!(R) properties. Under
the terms of the agreement, Yahoo! will use our voice-over-IP network for its
newest suite of voice services, including its voice-enabled instant messenger
and voice portal. Launched in October 2000, Yahoo! by Phone provides telephone
and voice access to popular Yahoo! content, voice-mail and e-mail.
ICQ, a subsidiary of America Online, began offering our services
exclusively to their instant messaging users earlier this year. Our software has
been integrated into ICQ's 2000b Instant Messenger since
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September 2000, and we have been marketing a co-branded pre-paid calling card
with ICQ since September 1999, allowing users to place calls from the United
States and 19 other countries to anywhere in the world. Additionally, we have
been marketing a co-branded pre-paid calling card with AOL Instant Messenger
(AIM) since January 2000. We also have an agreement with American Online to
integrate our PC-to-phone services into their Instant Messenger.
In addition, we are leveraging the strengths of our voice-over-IP
technology through high-margin agreements with major players in the Internet and
communications arena. We are forging wholesale software licensing agreements
with large traditional telephone companies seeking to migrate voice traffic on
the Internet and IP networks.
In September 2000, we formed Adir Technologies, Inc., as a subsidiary of
Net2Phone, to which we contributed certain assets and which has been funded by
investments from Cisco Systems, Inc., SOFTBANK and IDT, to develop and market
network management software for voice-over-IP and other packet-based multimedia
networks. By creating Adir, we will commercialize our proprietary network
management software that we have exclusively been using since 1995. We believe
that Adir will provide a new, high-margin, line of business with minimal capital
expenditure without adversely affecting our existing core services business.
Adir currently intends to market its products to telecommunications, Internet,
wireless, next generation and broadband service providers and enterprises
worldwide.
In January 1999, Netscape agreed to integrate our PC-to-phone software on
an exclusive basis into future versions of Netscape's Internet browser released
during the term of our agreement, including the Netscape Communicator products.
Netscape also agreed to include a Net2Phone icon on the Netscape Navigator
Personal Toolbar. Netscape launched its first beta version of Netscape 6.0
Browser in January 2000 and the second beta version of Netscape 6.0 Browser in
April 2000.
In addition, we have forged ahead in making Internet telephony more readily
available to consumers by entering into arrangements with leading computer
equipment and software companies, such as IBM and Compaq, to include our
software with their products.
Throughout our development, we have proven our ability to scale to demand,
as an increasing number of individuals and businesses have recognized the real
benefits of voice-over-IP technology. In fiscal 1999, we served 325,000
customers and routed 750,000 minutes per day. As of July 2000, we served more
than 1,179,000 customers and have successfully routed more than 5,000,000
minutes per day.
Our total assets increased from $916,000 at July 31, 1997, to $7.0 million
at July 31, 1998, $50.8 million at July 31, 1999, and $411.7 million at July 31,
2000. Our revenue has grown substantially, increasing from approximately $2.7
million in fiscal 1997, approximately $12.0 million in fiscal 1998,
approximately $33.3 million in fiscal 1999, and approximately $72.4 million in
fiscal 2000. Our net loss increased from approximately $1.7 million in fiscal
1997, to $3.5 million in fiscal 1998, to $53.9 million in fiscal 1999, and
$118.3 million in fiscal 2000.
On December 1, 1999, we completed a secondary public offering of 7,245,000
shares of common stock at a price of $55.00 per share. Selling stockholders sold
3,845,000 shares, and we sold 3,400,000 shares of common stock. Our proceeds
from the offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and
offering expenses, were approximately $177.4 million.
On August 11, 2000, we completed a sale of 4,000,000 shares of Class A
common stock to a subsidiary of AT&T for an aggregate purchase price of
$300,000,000.
INDUSTRY SEGMENTS
We report only in one industry segment. See "Notes to Financial
Statements -- Note 2."
INDUSTRY BACKGROUND
The Internet is experiencing substantial growth as a global medium for
communications and commerce. International Data Corporation estimates that the
number of Internet users worldwide will grow from
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approximately 349 million in 2000 to 766 million by the end of 2005. People are
increasingly using the Internet as a communications medium. A study by Jupiter,
a market research firm, estimated that 432 billion e-mail messages will be sent
in the U.S. in 2003. Instant text communication through online "chat" rooms is
also gaining widespread acceptance.
Emergence of Internet Telephony
TeleGeography, a market research firm, estimates that the international
long distance market will grow to $73.2 billion in 2002. Despite the large size
of this market and the number of minutes of calls made, traditional
international long distance calls are still relatively expensive for the
consumer. We believe that this creates a significant opportunity for us to use
the technology by which Internet phone calls are made to gain market share.
The technology by which Internet phone calls are made is more
cost-effective than the technology by which traditional long distance calls are
made. Internet telephony, therefore, is emerging as a low cost alternative to
traditional long distance calls. International Data Corporation projects that
the Internet telephony market will grow rapidly to over $11.9 billion in 2003,
from approximately $100 million in 1998.
We use a technology called "packet-switching" to break voice and fax calls
into discrete data packets, route them over the Internet or our network and
reassemble them into their original form for delivery to the recipient.
Traditional international long distance calls, in contrast, are made using a
technology called "circuit switching" which carries these calls over
international voice telephone networks. These networks are typically owned by
governments or carriers who charge a tariff for their use. Circuit switching
requires a dedicated connection between the caller and the recipient that must
remain open for the duration of the call. As a result, circuit-switching
technology is inherently less efficient than packet-switching technology, which
allows data packets representing multiple conversations to be carried over the
same line. This greater efficiency creates network cost savings that can be
passed on to the consumer in the form of lower long distance rates.
Integration of Voice into the Web
We believe that Internet telephony offers significant benefits to consumers
and businesses beyond international long distance cost savings. The technologies
that enable Internet telephony can be applied to integrate live voice
capabilities into the Web. We believe that this integration can enhance the
potential for the Internet to become the preferred medium for both
communications and commerce. For example, the integration of voice into the Web
would supplement existing text-based modes of Internet communication such as
email and online chat by adding a live, secure, low-cost or free voice
alternative. We believe that this is attractive both to consumers and
businesses.
In addition, voice-enabling the Web would give Internet shoppers the
ability to speak directly with customer service representatives of online
retailers in order to ask questions and alleviate concerns about online
security. This may increase the probability that a sale is made and may give
online retailers a key competitive advantage by providing them with
opportunities to sell higher margin and additional products to these customers.
Voice-enabling a commercial Web site may also give online retailers the ability
to provide more responsive customer support and service.
Integrating live voice capabilities into the Web would also enable Internet
companies to offer enhanced communications services, such as providing Internet
users with a central source for retrieving voice-mail, e-mail, faxes and pages.
We believe this would allow these companies to attract more users to their sites
and to increase the amount of time these users spend on their sites. This
increased usage will allow these Internet companies to attract advertisers and
secure higher advertising rates, thereby increasing revenue.
Limitations of Existing Internet Telephony Solutions
The growth of Internet telephony has been limited to date due to poor sound
quality attributable to technological issues such as delays in packet
transmission and network capacity limitations. However, recent improvements in
packet-switching technology, new software algorithms and improved hardware have
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substantially reduced delays in packet transmissions. In addition, the use of
private networks to transmit calls as an alternative to the public Internet is
helping to alleviate network capacity constraints. Finally, the emergence of
new, lower cost Internet access technologies, such as high-speed modems, are
addressing local Internet access issues.
Several large long distance carriers, including Sprint and Cable and
Wireless, have announced Internet telephony service offerings. However, many of
these service offerings have not been deployed on a large scale. Many also
require users to purchase other telecommunications services or allow only
domestic calling. Smaller Internet telephony service providers also offer
low-cost Internet telephony services from PC-to-phone and from phone-to-phone.
These services, however, are available only in limited geographic areas and
require payment by credit card which may preclude many international customers
from signing up for these services. We also believe that existing Internet
telephony service providers rely upon technologies and systems that lack
large-scale billing, network management and monitoring systems, and customer
service capabilities required for the integration of voice communication into
the Web.
In addition, many companies currently provide Internet telephony software
and services that allow Internet telephone calls to be made between personal
computers. However, most of these companies require both the initiator and the
recipient of the call to have the same software installed on their personal
computers and to be online at the same time.
THE NET2PHONE SOLUTION
Net2Phone delivers high-quality voice-over-IP telephony services and
voice-enabling Web applications to consumers, small and medium businesses,
enterprises, international telecommunications operators, resellers, and
broadband providers. Our solution provides many benefits to our customers,
including:
- Low Cost. Our PC-to-phone software is distributed free of charge, and
our services allow our customers to make telephone calls often at a
fraction of the cost of traditional long distance service. We do not
currently charge customers for PC-to-phone calls within the U.S. or PC-to
PC calls anywhere in the world. Our low cost phone-to-phone service is
available in over forty countries.
- High Voice Quality. We offer high voice quality through our proprietary
packet-switching technologies, which reduces packet loss and delay, route
packets efficiently and perform quality enhancing functions, such as echo
cancellation. We intend to continue to enhance the voice quality of our
services as our customer base and business grow. Furthermore, the
proliferation of broadband services such as DSL and cable will further
enhance the quality and reach of our service.
- Ease of Use and Access. Our services are designed to be convenient and
easy to access from anywhere in the world. To make a call using our
Web-based services, a customer need only install our free software on a
sound-enabled personal computer, register and be connected to the
Internet. No additional telephone lines or special equipment are
required. Our phone-to-phone service is also easy to use and requires a
customer only to register and dial a toll-free or local access number
from any telephone or fax machine.
- Reliable Service. Our network is reliable because of its technologically
advanced design. This design allows us to expand our network and add
capacity by adding switches to the existing network. Our system also
provides seamless service and high-quality voice transmission through our
ability to reroute packets if problems arise. We believe that our ability
to provide reliable service is essential to voice-enable the Web.
- Scalability. Our services platform is a flexible solution that can be
readily integrated at low cost and in large scale into existing systems.
Our system integrates quickly and seamlessly into the platforms of
various communications service providers such as ISPs, portals,
telecommunications companies, broadband providers, enterprises and
instant messenger platforms and can be scaled to handle thousands of
calls simultaneously.
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- Ease of Payment and Online Account Access. Once registered, our
customers are able to make toll-free calls. In addition, they can make
toll calls by opening a prepaid account using credit cards, wire
transfers or checks. Acceptance of payment in multiple forms enables
international customers who may not necessarily have credit cards to use
our services. Our customers can access their accounts via the Internet in
order to view their call history and account balances, and to increase
their prepaid amounts.
- Customer Support. We offer live customer support 24 hours a day, 7 days
a week in multiple languages. Our customer support center can be accessed
at no charge either by calling our toll-free number, where available, or
by using our Web-based Internet telephony service. Our integrated
customer billing software and call management system provide our customer
support staff with immediate access to user accounts, calling patterns
and billing history to help us provide better, more responsive customer
support.
- Voice-Enabled Online Retailing. Our services enable users to speak with
sales or customer service representatives of online retailers and other
Web-based businesses while visiting their Web sites. This provides
customers an opportunity to ask questions of and to provide credit card
information directly to a customer service representative if they are
concerned about Internet security, thereby increasing the likelihood of
consummating an online sale. In addition, our services allow our
customers outside of the United States and Canada to access telephone
numbers that might otherwise be inaccessible to them through their local
carriers. For example, users of our services in other countries may call
United States, Canadian, UK, or Australian numbers at no charge. The
ability to communicate with international customers in this manner
provides United States, Canadian, UK, and Australian-based online
retailers and other Web-based businesses with cost effective access to an
expansive international customer base.
STRATEGY
Our mission is to deliver quality voice and enhanced services to IP
networks worldwide. We intend to leverage our leadership position in the
Internet telephony market to make our communications services readily available
and to develop and market enhanced services. Our strategy includes the following
key elements:
- Drive Usage through Resellers and Strategic Partners. We promote our
services through direct sales and marketing and through Tier-1
relationships with leading ISPs, telecommunications companies, hardware,
software, and content companies. We intend to build on our significant
relationships with partners such as AOL, AT&T, Yahoo! and Microsoft, and
to add more partners and resellers to drive usage of our Internet
telephony services. We also intend to partner with large
telecommunications companies, such as we did with AT&T, to enable them to
offer our Internet telephony services under their brand.
- Pursue Multiple Sources of Revenue. In addition to our minutes-based
revenue, we are generating new Web-based revenue opportunities from
banner (with our Net2Phone domestic PC-telephone service, Yahoo! Instant
Messenger, and MSN Instant Messenger offerings) and audio advertising, as
well as sponsorship opportunities on our PC-to-phone software client.
Furthermore, our subsidiary, Adir Technologies, will commercialize our
existing network management software. Adir will market its products to
telecommunications, Internet, wireless, next generation and broadband
service providers and enterprises worldwide. We also intend to explore
the availability of revenue-sharing opportunities with online retailers.
- Enhance Brand Recognition. We have established strong brand identity in
the Internet telephony market in large part due to the high-quality of
our services and our marketing efforts with strategic partners, such as
Microsoft, Yahoo! and AOL. We intend to continue to implement online and
offline worldwide advertising and sales campaigns to increase brand
awareness. In addition, we intend to enhance our brand recognition by
cooperatively marketing our Internet telephony services with leading
computer hardware and software companies and ISPs.
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- Make Our Software Readily Available Worldwide. We have entered into
strategic distribution relationships with leading computer equipment and
software companies to expand the availability of our software. For
example, our software is embedded in Netscape's Internet browser, and a
Net2Phone icon is prominently positioned next to AOL's Instant Messenger
icon on the Netscape Navigator Personal Tool Bar. In addition, customized
versions of some of our Internet telephony services have been integrated
into ICQ's instant messaging software and distributed by ICQ. Our
software is included with IBM's Internet services and may be pre-loaded
on computers sold by Compaq internationally. Panasonic recently shipped
the first dual-band cordless telephones with one-touch access to the
Net2Phone Internet telephony network. We intend to build upon these
relationships and enter into new distribution relationships with other
leading companies in order to enhance the distribution of our software
worldwide.
- Expand and Enhance Products and Services. We have committed significant
resources to expand our network, enhance our existing product and service
offerings and develop and market additional products and services in
order to continue to provide customers with high-quality Internet
telephony services. For example, we plan to introduce new products and
services, including:
- Phone-to-PC, which will allow calls from a traditional telephone to an
internet ready multimedia personal computer;
- Internet call waiting, which enables users who are online to receive
phone calls and voice messages on their PCs;
- speech-enabled address books, which are linked to Net2Phone accounts
but can be synchronized with a number of contact management programs;
- voice-enabled chat, which will allow two participants in an online chat
room discussion to establish direct voice communication with each other
while maintaining anonymity;
- online commerce applications, which will provide customer service
representatives of online retailers with real-time access to a caller's
profile and enable them to 'push' specific content onto a caller's
personal computer screen in order to better assist the caller in
answering their inquiries;
- customer payment applications, which will allow customers to pay for
online commerce transactions by debiting their Net2Phone account; and
- video conferencing between two or more personal computer users over the
Internet.
STRATEGIC RELATIONSHIPS
We have entered into strategic distribution, integration and advertising
relationships with leading Internet and computer hardware and software
companies. These relationships are sometimes secured by toehold or other
strategic investments. In addition, these relationships typically include
arrangements under which we share with our strategic partners a portion of the
revenue they bring to us. We believe that these relationships are important
because they provide incentive to our partners and allow us to leverage the
strong brand names and distribution channels of these companies to market our
products and services. Our strategic partners include:
AT&T
On August 11, 2000, a subsidiary of AT&T Corp. completed its $1.4 billion
investment in us, which we believe will facilitate our objective of becoming the
global standard for Internet telephony. The AT&T subsidiary purchased four
million newly-issued shares of our Class A common stock from us for an aggregate
purchase price of $300,000,000 and 14.9 million shares of our Class A common
stock from IDT for an aggregate purchase price of $1.1 billion. Following the
consummation of these transactions, the AT&T subsidiary owns approximately 32
percent of our outstanding capital stock, but controls 39 percent of the
aggregate voting power of our capital stock because it holds Class A common
stock with two votes per share. In connection with the transaction, we agreed
with AT&T to cooperate in the development of new Internet
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voice applications for cable telephony and the business communications market.
AT&T and IDT were also granted a license to deploy our present and future
technologies on terms, conditions and pricing to be negotiated that are no less
favorable than those granted to other licensees of Net2Phone. John C. Petrillo,
Executive Vice President of Corporate Strategy and Business Development for
AT&T, and Richard R. Roscitt, President of AT&T Business Services, joined our
board of directors following the closing of the transaction, and AT&T has a
right to appoint a third director.
We believe that this transaction facilitates our objectives for the
following reasons:
- AT&T, which is among the world's premier voice, video and data
communications companies, now has a strong incentive to work with us to
develop and distribute our Internet telephony services and products.
- Companies focused on providing Internet-related services and products
will view us as a "neutral" provider of Internet telephony, which should
enhance our ability to enter into strategic alliances with competing
companies, building on our important alliances with America Online,
Yahoo! and other top Internet companies.
- This transaction positions us at the nexus of the convergence of
communications technologies and gives us an edge over our competitors in
managing the rapidly changing technological and market landscape.
Microsoft
On June 2, 2000, we entered into a three year agreement with Microsoft to
integrate our Internet telephony products and services into Microsoft's MSN
Messenger. Under this agreement, Microsoft agreed to include the "Powered by
Net2Phone" branding on the dial-up window through which users access Net2Phone
from MSN Messenger. The revenue generated from the sale of advertising that will
appear on this integrated product will be split between Microsoft and us. In
addition to the integration of our Internet telephony products and services into
MSN Messenger, Microsoft has the right under this agreement to include our
software in any of Microsoft's other products. We are responsible for providing
the software that allows Microsoft's users to access our service, as well as
providing PC-to-phone and PC-to-PC service to Microsoft's MSN Messenger users.
This integrated product has already been released to the public.
Yahoo!
In 1998, we signed an agreement with Yahoo!, which was recently renewed
through 2000, that integrated our Web-based Internet telephony service into the
Yahoo! People Search online telephone directory. As a result of this
integration, an Internet user who performs a search on Yahoo! People Search can,
after installing our software, simply click on a displayed telephone number to
initiate a call to that number. Under this agreement, we also have the right to
have our banner advertising appear when an Internet user performs a word or
category search for "Internet Telephony" or related phrases on Yahoo!
Additionally, our PC-to-phone service is integrated into the Yahoo! Yellow Pages
online directory.
On July 24, 2000, we entered into a three-year exclusive services and
marketing agreement whereby Yahoo! has agreed to embed our Internet telephony
software into the future versions of its Yahoo! Messenger software client and to
use our network to carry traffic to and from its voice portal. Additionally, in
October 2000, we announced that we will provide our voice-optimized IP network
for voice transit throughout the Yahoo!(R) network of properties. Under the
terms of the agreement, Yahoo! will use our voice-over-IP network for its newest
suite of voice services. Launched in October 2000, Yahoo! by Phone provides
telephone and voice access to popular Yahoo! content, voice-mail and e-mail.
Yahoo! has also agreed to do the following:
- market and promote the combined Net2Phone Yahoo! services pursuant to a
joint media plan;
- market and promote a co-branded Net2Phone calling card;
- allow us to market our products and services to users of the Yahoo! voice
portal; and
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- share advertising revenue with us from the voice portal.
Under the terms of this agreement, we are obligated to pay Yahoo! fees in
consideration for our exclusivity throughout the Yahoo! network of properties,
as well as commit to certain advertising media buys pursuant to the joint media
plan.
On March 31, 2000, Yahoo! Inc. purchased an equity interest in us. Under
the terms of the agreement, we entered into a stock swap with Yahoo! with the
objective of securing our strategic relationship in accordance with which we
issued and sold Yahoo! approximately 2.8 million shares of our common stock in
exchange for approximately 806,000 shares of Yahoo! common stock.
ICQ/AIM
In July 1999, we entered into an exclusive four-year distribution and
marketing agreement with ICQ, a subsidiary of America Online. ICQ began offering
our services exclusively to their instant messaging users earlier this year. Our
software has been fully integrated into ICQ's 2000b Instant Messenger since
September 2000, and we have been marketing a co-branded pre-paid calling card
with ICQ since September 1999, allowing users to place calls from the United
States and 19 other countries to anywhere in the world. Additionally, we have
been marketing a co-branded pre-paid calling card with AOL Instant Messenger
(AIM) since January 2000. We also have an agreement with AOL to integrate our PC
to Phone services into their Instant Messenger. Under this agreement, ICQ has
agreed to:
- co-brand and promote our phone-to-phone Internet telephony services in
the United States and in 19 other countries;
- integrate customized versions of some of our Internet telephony services
on an exclusive basis into ICQ's instant messaging software to allow ICQ
customers to make PC-to-phone and PC-to-PC calls and to receive
phone-to-PC calls;
- share revenue from some advertisements and sponsorships relating to
Internet telephony that are sold by ICQ within its instant messaging
software; and
- promote our services on some of ICQ's Web sites.
All of our Internet telephony services that ICQ promotes under our
agreement are co-branded under both of our labels.
priceline.com
In November 1999, we entered into agreements with priceline.com, an
Internet commerce service that allows users to name their own price to purchase
goods and services over the Internet. Under the terms of the agreement, we offer
our international and domestic phone-to-phone services as a premier provider
through priceline.com, enabling priceline.com customers to name their own price
to purchase blocks of phone-to-phone minutes.
Our phone-to-phone products are offered for sale through several live
services on priceline.com. The "Name Your Own Price for Long Distance" service,
launched in March 2000, allows customers to make calls from their home phones
without having to enter an account number, once they have purchased a block of
phone-to-phone minutes from priceline.com. Customers may make offers for blocks
of calling time in the following manner:
- domestic time blocks -- customers can name their own price for blocks of
domestic long distance phone-to-phone minutes;
- international time blocks -- customers can name their own price for
blocks of international long distance phone-to-phone minutes to a
specified country;
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- priceline.com's "Call Anywhere" program -- customers can name their own
price for blocks of phone-to-phone minutes that can be used to call
multiple designated locations; the actual amount of time purchased will
vary per location.
In May 2000, we launched a second service with priceline.com, called "Offer
by Phone." The "Offer by Phone" service enables customers to offer to purchase
phone-to-phone services from us on a per-call basis. We are the exclusive
provider of the Offer by Phone service.
In August 2000, we launched a third service with priceline.com that allows
university students to name their own price for blocks of calling time. This
university service is different from the original "Name Your Own Price for Long
Distance" service because customers are able to make calls from behind a college
PBX so they can use the service from their dorm rooms.
Future Net2Phone/priceline.com services under separate agreements include
launching the "Name Your Own Price for Long Distance" service in various
European countries, beginning with the United Kingdom by December 2000.
Netscape
Netscape has agreed to embed our PC-to-phone software on an exclusive basis
in future versions of Netscape's Internet browser released during the term of
our agreement, including the Netscape Communicator products. Netscape also has
agreed to do the following:
- place a Net2Phone icon on the Netscape Navigator Personal Toolbar
immediately to the right of the AOL Instant Messenger icon, which allows
Netscape users to use our Web-based Internet telephony services from
anywhere on the Web simply by clicking on our icon;
- integrate our services into, and display our services on, the Netscape
Netcenter site, including Netscape's Contacts section and Address Book
section, which allows Netscape users to make calls using our services
simply by clicking on a displayed telephone number; and
- include the software for our Web-based Internet telephony services in
Netscape's suite of online plug-in software and Netscape Smart Update
programs (both domestically and when available internationally) for
downloading by Netscape users from centralized locations on Netscape's
Web site.
We also have the right to place a specified number of banner and other
advertisements on Web pages of our choice on Netscape's domestic and
international Web sites. The two-year term of our exclusive agreement with
Netscape commences with the beta release of the next version of Netscape's
Internet browser. In January 1999, Netscape agreed to integrate our PC-to-phone
software on an exclusive basis into future versions of Netscape's Internet
browser released during the term of our agreement, including the Netscape
Communicator products. Netscape also agreed to include a Net2Phone icon on the
Netscape Navigator Personal Toolbar. Netscape launched its first beta version of
Netscape 6.0 Browser in January 2000 and the second beta version of Netscape 6.0
Browser in April 2000.
Adir Technologies, Inc./Investment by Cisco Systems, Inc., SOFTBANK and IDT
We created Adir Technologies, Inc. as a new subsidiary to develop and
market network management software for voice-over-IP and other packet-based
multimedia networks. The new company plans to offer our industry-leading
voice-over-IP network management software to telecommunications, Internet,
wireless, next generation and broadband service providers and enterprises
worldwide. The software platform we contributed to Adir was originally created
in our research and development laboratory in Lakewood, NJ in 1995 when we
rolled out the first service to bridge voice communications with a PC using the
Internet, and it has been enhanced since then.
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In September 2000, we announced that Cisco Systems, Inc. had purchased a
minority equity interest in Adir. In connection with Cisco's investment, the
companies agreed to a relationship in which Cisco will jointly market Adir's
network management platform to its voice-over-IP customers, offering
communications providers and enterprises compelling new choices in voice-over-IP
solutions. Through this relationship, we expect to realize a substantial new
source of revenue from software licensing fees. Adir's existing network
management software provides a broad view of the health, capacity and
utilization of a packet-based network, including specific functionality such as
real-time advanced call management, rating, routing, and authentication. These
components are essential for managing traditional circuit-switched networks but
have been missing in voice-over-IP networks until now. Adir's technology can
help provide a much greater quality of service by providing advanced tools for
fault detection, notification and diagnosis of network equipment from the voice
network service perspective. Adir has received additional funding for its
operations from investments by SOFTBANK and IDT.
Aplio S.A.
On July 7, 2000, we acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of Aplio,
S.A., a company located in Sarcelles France, which is a leading integrator of
voice-over-IP technologies. Aplio's technology enables voice-over devices to
access our network, including designs for chips, boards, and casings that all
specialize in voice-over software for devices. Aplio's technology will further
enable us to support a wide range of business and consumer products to optimize
the Net2Phone network and our growing communications services. Consideration
consisted of $2.9 million in cash at closing and 582,749 shares of our common
stock which were valued at $35.50 per share, promissory notes aggregating $6.5
million, $1.1 million in acquisition related costs and $4.8 million in cash to
be paid within eighteen months of the closing of the transaction. In addition,
we are required to pay two contingent cash payments of $2,778,230 on July 7,
2001 and July 7, 2002. These contingent payments are dependent on certain
individuals continuing their employment with us. We may also be required to
repurchase the shares of common stock issued to the selling shareholders on or
prior to January 31, 2002, or a per share purchase price of $36.947.
Other Strategic Relationships
We also have entered into other important strategic relationships with
leading Internet and computer hardware and software companies, including:
- Compaq. Our software is featured as a download from a special Compaq Web
site accessible directly from the Compaq-branded keyboard, may be
pre-installed on Compaq-branded computers distributed internationally and
may be included with their other products. We announced in October 2000,
that Compaq will bundle our YAP Phones with new Compaq Presario
computers, which will be available online at www.compaq.com.
- Snap.com. Promotions for our services and a link to our Web site will be
prominently displayed on the Snap.com Web site, and we are their
preferred provider of PC-to-phone services.
- SpeechWorks International, Inc. In June 2000, we entered into a letter
of intent with SpeechWorks International, Inc. under which SpeechWorks
agreed to grant us a software license, provide professional services and
pursue joint marketing and promotional efforts. We also agreed to
purchase 321,027 shares of SpeechWorks common stock in a private
placement concurrent with SpeechWorks' initial public offering.
- Webley Systems, Inc. Webley Systems, Inc. provides unified messaging
services and related personal communications features, which consist of
the integration of information, telecommunications and Internet services
that include interactive, voice-activated, directional management of
inbound and outbound calls, e-mail, fax-mail, voice-mail, conference
calling and call answering, delivered over its advanced computer
telephony platform. In June 2000, we entered into an exclusive four year
distribution and marketing agreement with Webley Systems, Inc. Under this
agreement, we have the right to integrate co-branded versions of Webley's
products with our Internet telephony products and services in order to
create a unified communication and messaging platform that will enable
users to
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send and receive voice mail, faxes, e-mail and telephone calls over the
Internet. We will share revenue from the combined products and services
with Webley. On April 5, 2000, we acquired a small, strategic stake in
Webley Systems, Inc. We invested $7,500,000 in a convertible Series B
Preferred Stock, accruing dividends at 5 percent per annum. We have the
right to designate one member to Webley's board of directors.
- WebEx Communications, Inc. WebEx Communications, Inc. provides
real-time, interactive multimedia communications services for websites.
These services allow end-users to conduct meetings and share software
applications, documents, presentations and other content on the Internet
using a standard Web browser. Telephone calls and web-based audio and
video services can also be controlled within a WebEx meeting using
standard devices such as telephones, computer web-cameras and
microphones. In January, 2000 we purchased 240,000 shares of Series A
Preferred Stock for $3.00 per share from an existing stockholder of
WebEx, and in March, 2000 we purchased 14,600 shares of Series D
Preferred Stock for $12.50 per share for a total investment of $902,500.
Upon the consummation of the initial public offering of WebEx in July
2000, the shares of both the Series A and the Series D Preferred Stock
were converted on a one for one basis into common stock of WebEx.
- WebDialogs, Inc. WebDialogs, Inc. is a privately held provider of live,
voice and Web-based customer interaction solutions that bring live human
interaction and collaboration to Web experiences, facilitating closer
relationships with customers, prospects and partners and better customer
service online. On January 28, 2000 we invested $10 million for 1,696,667
shares of Series D Preferred Stock of WebDialogs at $5.893 per share.
This investment represents a minority interest in WebDialogs. Cumulative
dividends on the Series D Preferred Stock accrue quarterly at 6 percent
per annum. The Series D Preferred Stock is convertible into common stock
at an initial conversion ratio of one for one and is subject to
antidilution protection. We have the right to designate one member to
WebDialog's board of directors.
- Go2Net. In October 1999, we entered into an exclusive three-year
distribution and marketing agreement with Go2Net, a network of branded,
technology and community-driven Web sites. Under this agreement, Go2Net
has agreed to integrate co-branded versions of our Internet telephony
products and services into the Go2Net Network.
- eCal Corporation. eCal is a leading provider of Internet-based
scheduling and communications services. Its technology uses the
collaborative powers of the Internet to simplify the management of
time-dependent information and events. In March, 2000, we invested $2.0
million for 181,818 shares of Series G Preferred Stock of eCal
Corporation at $11.00 per share. No dividends accrue on the Series G
Preferred Stock. The Series G Preferred Stock is convertible into common
stock at an initial conversion ratio of one for one and is subject to
antidilution protection.
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
Our services enable our customers to make low-cost, high-quality phone
calls over our own voice optimized IP network and the Internet using their
personal computers or traditional telephones. Our principal current product and
service offerings are described in the table below.
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<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C> <C> <C>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRODUCT/SERVICE DESCRIPTION BENEFITS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONSUMER SERVICES
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BASIC CONSUMER - Enables customer to make - International long distance
Telephony Services calls over traditional rates are typically
PHONE-TO-PHONE telephones and fax machines substantially lower than
- Fax2Fax routed over the Internet. the rate charged by
- Net2Phone Direct Calling Customers must dial a traditional long distance
Cards local or domestic carriers for calls
PC TO PHONE toll-free access number to originating in the United
- PC-to-Phone access the Net2Phone States and up to 95% lower
- PC-to-Fax network. for calls originating
- PC-to-PC outside the United States.
- Voice Email - Customers are charged for
toll and long distance calls - User does not need to
on a per-minute basis for purchase expensive hardware
phone-to-phone. We do not or software.
currently charge a fee for
PC-to-phone calls within - High voice quality.
the United States.
- We do not currently charge
- Services are available in customers for PC-to-Phone
the United States and in many and PC-to-PC calls to the
international locations. US and Canada, from
anywhere in the US and
- We market Phone-to-Phone Canada and PC to PC calls
under the brand "Net2Phone from anywhere to anywhere.
Direct."
- Faxes are transmitted
- Enables customers to make without delay and users
calls and send faxes over receive immediate delivery
the Internet using their confirmations.
personal computers.
- PC to Phone services are
- Customers must install our available to any Internet
software on their personal user with a sound-equipped
computers, register with us personal computer.
and be online in order to
make calls. - Online real time billing.
- Auto recharge &
registration via web.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
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<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C> <C> <C>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRODUCT/SERVICE BENEFITS DESCRIPTION BENEFITS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONSUMER SERVICES
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
YAP GEAR (YOUR ALTERNATIVE - Headset allows you to place - YAP Headset, ISA, and
PHONE) hands-free calls over the Phone: We do not currently
- YAP Headset Internet. charge for PC-to-PC calling,
and we offer low-cost PC-to-
- YAP Hotline ISA - Hotline ISA allows you to Phone calling, convenient
use your regular phone to Phone-to-Phone calling with
- YAP Jack place cost-saving calls Universal PIN, award-winning
over the Internet. software with easy to use
- YAP MultiMax GUI.
- Jack enables you to place
- YAP Phone cost- saving Internet calls - YAP Jack: Use your regular
without a computer. Simply phone, place low-cost Phone-
- YAP Time plug your regular phone into to-Phone calls, call any
the YAP Jack and connect it other phone, no computer
to your wall jack. necessary, and includes
integrated v.90 modem.
- MultiMax connects multiple
phones and faxes to make - YAP MultiMax: Calls any
high quality calls over the phone or fax anywhere in
Internet. the world at reduced rates,
accepts six standard
- The YAP Phone allows you to phones, faxes or a PBX
use an actual phone handset system for simultaneous
to place cost-saving calls calling.
over the Internet. Simply
install the Net2Phone - YAP Phone: We do not
Software and plug the YAP currently charge for PC-to
Phone into the USB port on PC calling and we offer
your computer. low-cost PC-to-Phone
calling, convenient
- YAP Time allows you to Phone-to-Phone calling with
place calls over the Internet Universal PIN, plug and
anytime. Use your universal play USB interface, and
account number from you PC award-winning software with
and also carry it as a easy to use GUI.
calling card to access low
Internet calling rates. - YAP Time: Call from any PC
or phone to any other
phone.
- Creates user friendly
experience.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
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<PAGE> 16
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C> <C> <C>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BUSINESS SERVICES DESCRIPTION BENEFITS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WEB-BASED INTERNET TELEPHONY - When browsing Web sites - Services are available to
SERVICES that have a Click2Talk icon, any Internet user with a
- Click2Talk customers may initiate calls sound- equipped personal
to the business or site computer.
- Click2CallMe owner from anywhere in the
world. Click2Talk - Facilitates online commerce
- ClickTogether voice-enables web sites by providing live voice
with Net2Pone's new JAVA contact between online
engine and allows end users retailers and Internet
to call a company whose site shoppers.
they are browsing with one
simple click. As of - Customers do not require
10/2000, over 30,000 sites multiple telephone lines
have registered for and need not log off the
Click2Talk. Internet to initiate a
call.
- ClickTogether is a complete
voice-led collaboration - United States, Canadian,
solution for web sites. UK, and Australian toll-free
Features include: Customer numbers can be accessed
call initiation via web from anywhere in the world.
callback (PSTN) and Voice We currently do not charge
Over IP (voice-over-IP), for calls to any Click2Talk
Co-Browsing and URL Page enabled site within the US,
Push, Form Sharing, Canada, UK or Australia.
Multimedia Whiteboarding,
Chat, File Transfer, Screen - Customers are able to
Snapshot Transfer, Call initiate a phone call from a
Queuing, Call Transfer and web site (either PSTN or
Detailed Summary/Status voice-over- IP) and
reports. collaborate with an agent
in real time.
- Assists enterprises in the
CRM field.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ENTERPRISE SALES - Enables clients to make - International long distance
Voice-over-IP Long Distance calls over a privately rates are typically 50% to
Domestic/International managed voice-over-IP 70% lower than the rate
managed network. charged by traditional long
distance carriers for calls
- Installation of Gateway on originating in the United
client site. States and 20% to 30% on
domestic long distance.
- Marketed as Net2Phone
Enterprise Sales. - The enterprise provides all
costs for installation.
- Value added services:
Collaborative browsing - High voice quality.
- Net2Phone fax services can
be used for Enterprise
clients as well. They are
transmitted without delay
and users receive immediate
delivery and confirmations.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
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<PAGE> 17
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C> <C> <C>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BROADBAND AND CARRIER DESCRIPTION BENEFITS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net2Phone Broadband - Net2Phone's Broadband is an Customer Benefits:
end-to-end carrier grade IP - Inbound and outbound low
telephony service offering cost calling
clear voice and real time - Up to 95% savings on
fax. international calls
- No charge for network calls
- Net2Phone Broadband offers - Unified messaging features
an always-on persistent IP - Speech recognition features
dial tone over next - Bundled bill with cable
generation access networks operator
(Cable, DSL, Satellite and - Option for virtual local
Wireless) providing end calling numbers
users with a high quality - No secondary line charges
and low cost alternative or
secondary line phone Broadband Service Provider
service at home and work. (BSP) Benefits:
- Low up-front capital
- Net2Phone's Softswitch is - Quicker deployment than
designed to provide circuit switch
enhanced services and - Scaleable platform
applications over Net2Phone - Managed IP network
IP network allowing end - Full service provider
users to personalize their - Integrated billing system
dial tone, thus having access - Customer service in 14
to a host of speech languages
recognized services such as
an address book voice dialer
and real-time web data over
their phone.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTERNATIONAL CARRIER - Enables ITO (International - Generates cost savings
SERVICES Telecommunications thanks to Net2Phone's highly
Operator) to route calls competitive rates.
destined to the U.S. and
beyond via Net2Phone's - Offers the ability to
managed voice-over-IP reduce costs by avoiding
Network. capital- intensive network
build outs.
- Provides ITO with access to
destinations where it has - Facilitates the use of
no direct connections. Net2Phone's next generation
of value added
- Gives ITO additional Internet-based
capacity on demand for communications services.
traffic surges.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
SALES, MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION
We promote our services through online and Internet-based advertising
venues and traditional direct response print advertising in domestic and
international publications. Another way we sell our services internationally is
by entering into agreements with resellers in other countries. We sell these
resellers bulk amounts of minutes of use of our products and services to be
resold in the resellers' respective countries. To facilitate distribution and
attract users in foreign countries, we have developed our software in ten
languages (English, Spanish, Japanese, French, Dutch, Portuguese, Italian,
German, Swedish and Chinese) and intend to increase the number of languages as
our distribution broadens. We also market through loyalty programs to existing
customers and through e-mail customer acquisition programs.
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We have entered into strategic partnerships with leading Internet and
computer hardware and software companies, including IBM and Compaq so that our
software is included with our partners' products and services and distributed
domestically and internationally. We distribute our software through the
Internet, strategic partnerships and international resellers. Our software is
currently embedded in the beta version of the Netscape browser. Our software is
distributed in ICQ's Instant Messenger, and MSN and Yahoo! instant messengers.
Customers can also download our software at no charge from our Web site and
through links on other Web sites, including Yahoo!'s People Search.
In April 2000, we announced the introduction of a line of innovative
hardware solutions designed to enable a wide range of users to make Internet
phone calls easily. The new hardware line is called "YAP -- Your Alternative
Phone," and is sold worldwide to consumers and enterprises through retail
superstores such as CompUSA and Microcenter and resellers such as Ingram Micro
and VARs this year and supported by marketing and advertising campaigns.
Our International Carrier Division is offering International
Telecommunication Operators (ITO) access to its managed voice-over-IP network.
By establishing direct facilities with ITOs in strategic markets, Net2Phone
allows access to routes worldwide and facilitates the use of our next generation
of value added Internet-based communications services.
We distribute Net2Phone Broadband products and services through strategic
partnerships with broadband service providers and original equipment
manufacturers. Service providers bundle our voice offerings with their
high-speed data services to deliver the ultimate converged communications bundle
to their end users. Original equipment manufactures embed our software into
customer premise equipment (CPE) to offer feature rich, telephony enabled
devices to their customers. Finally, broadband customers may order and provision
services online, directly from us.
Broadband products and services will be promoted via our partners' sales
and marketing channels as well as by us. Cooperative marketing arrangements with
partners include launch event sponsorships, advertising agreements and product
collateral in and on device packaging. To facilitate distribution and attract
partnership interest, we advertise in leading broadband trade publications and
demonstrate service offerings at broadband industry trade shows.
We directly market enterprise products and services to Fortune 1000 and
mid-market companies that fit our qualification criteria. We qualify prospects
by calling volumes and patterns (minimum minutes per month of domestic long
distance and international calls). Our unique value proposition to the market is
high quality calls based on our voice-optimized-IP network and our technology
which enables Internet telephony utilizing existing infrastructure. We have
shown cost savings on domestic long distance and International calls. Our
gateway technology enables both off-net termination of calls as well as
establishing on-net calling for global organizations.
As of October 2000, we have agreements in place with 25 Fortune 500
companies and seven mid-market companies. Our prospects for the immediate future
indicate that our sales will increase.
CUSTOMER SERVICE
As part of our goal to attract and retain customers, we offer live customer
support in multiple languages. As of July 31, 2000, we had approximately 289
employees in technical support and customer service who offer customer service
support 24 hours a day. Customer services can be reached from anywhere in the
world currently using either our toll-free number, where available, or our
Web-based Internet telephony services. The customer support staff provides
technical assistance, as well as general service assistance, for all of our
products and services. We also offer customer support via e-mail and fax. Our
integrated customer billing software and call management system provide our
customer support staff with immediate access to user accounts, calling patterns
and billing history, thereby enhancing the quality of service provided to our
customers. In addition, our international resellers typically provide their own
front-line customer support. We have also signed agreements with international
call centers and two other domestic centers.
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TECHNOLOGY
PC-to-Phone Software
Our PC2Phone software has won various industry awards. The installation
process is wrapped in the industry-standard "Install Shield" product. During
installation, the Net2Phone "wizard" verifies that the user's microphone and
speakers are properly set for Internet telephony. The software also links to a
service registration web site that allows the customer to quickly register for
paid time with the product. Our software has a preferences dialog to enable
customization. These preferences allow the user to customize specific
properties, access and modify customer account information, program and use
speed dialing and verify rates.
Our PC2Phone software has gone through various new releases, each improving
upon our Internet telephony capabilities. The software is a Windows-compliant,
32-bit application written in a high-level PC language. The code is extendible
allowing us to add new functionality, yet is relatively compact. The software is
broken into two pieces: an Application Interface Engine and an Internet
telephony calling engine.
The software is flexible and customizable. The user interface supports
custom interface "skins" for modifying the user interface. The software supports
voice email by allowing users to record and play sound files and delivering them
as voice email attachments. The software includes a PC Fax printer driver to
allow faxing from the PC desktop through the Net2Phone network. The software
includes support for displaying advertisements on various sections of the user
interface. The newest version of our software will support Buddy Lists for
building online calling communities. We expect this to be released in December
2000.
We also have developed a software development kit allowing other companies
to integrate their products with our PC2Phone software. For example, our
Internet telephony calling engine is the core technology used in Microsoft's MSN
Messenger product, AOL's ICQ product, Yahoo!'s Pager product, and AOL's AIM
product. This integration enables Internet telephony service to be deployed
throughout the world through robust Internet software distribution channels.
We are developing a version of our PC2Phone software for modern Apple
Macintosh systems such as the iMac. We expect this to be released in December
2000.
Call Management System
To maintain our leadership position in the Internet telephony market, we
believe that reliable and flexible billing, information management, monitoring
and control systems are critical. Accordingly, we have invested substantial
resources to develop and implement our sophisticated real-time call management
information system. Key elements of this system include:
- Customer Provisioning. The system provides automated online customer
registration and customer registration through call centers and
resellers. It also provides online credit card authorization and batch
billing capabilities that streamline customer registration. A special
remote access application program allows other people access to our
database, enabling sophisticated partners to remotely service customers
through our system, and to tie our system directly to their own business
systems. This remote capability includes remote account management and
continuous real-time call detail and billing information. Additionally,
the system makes customer account records readily available to call
center representatives in the event of customer billing problems.
- Customer Access. Our system allows customers to access their billing
records independently online without the need to contact customer service
representatives.
- Fraud Control. Fraud detection and prevention features include caller
authentication, prevention of multiple simultaneous calls using the same
account, PIN code verification and call duration timers. We also generate
reports on suspicious calling patterns to detect caller registration
fraud. We routinely scan for fraudulent content before credit card
purchases are allowed.
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- Network Security. We use firewalls to prevent attacks on our network and
also sophisticated techniques to safeguard sensitive database
information. We also encrypt call requests and portions of the call to
prevent "network sniffers" from unauthorized access to data.
- Call Routing. Our network management system identifies and routes calls
to the most efficiently priced carrier. The system also automatically
routes calls around links or servers that are experiencing problems, have
failed or have been manually taken out of service for maintenance or
upgrades. This system provides remote administration facilities for
maintaining routing tables and system monitoring.
- Monitoring. The management system provides for real-time monitoring of
all call information. We are able to track potential problems such as too
many short calls on a server or a low call completion percentage. The
system also provides remote management that allows partners to monitor
and manage their own accounts.
- Reliability. We maintain three separate network operations centers in
Hackensack, New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey and Newark, New Jersey.
These facilities house redundant equipment and have the ability to track
calls simultaneously. This redundant system gives our network a high
degree of reliability, enabling each network operations center to serve
as a back-up to the other.
- Detailed Call Records. The management software maintains detailed
records for each call, including the account number of the caller, the
caller's phone number, access number used, the point at which the call
enters and exits our network, the account owner, the calling party, the
server/service phone number, the number of the called party, a running
account balance and rate and billing information, including surcharges.
THE NET2PHONE NETWORK
Through an agreement with IDT, we lease capacity on an Internet network
comprised of leased high-speed fiber optic lines connecting 8 major cities
across the United States and leased high-speed fiber optic lines connecting
smaller cities to the network. The network backbone uses state-of-the-art
hardware including Cisco Series 7000 routers and Nortel Passport switches. Our
high-speed backbone connects traffic at 4 major public Internet exchange points
and is also facilitated by a growing number of private peering or exchange
points with other networks. Through peering arrangements, we exchange Internet
traffic with 25 other Internet backbone providers at these points. We operate
IDT's network, one of the largest Internet access networks, providing local
dial-up access through 36 locations. Our Internet network also includes more
than 700 additional network access locations owned by local and regional
Internet service providers.
We are able to provide service in areas where we do not have dial-up
equipment by using call-forwarding technology to expand our coverage areas by
increasing the total number of local access numbers. We have been consolidating
multiple access points into central "Super Point of Presence" locations. For
example, one Super Point of Presence in New Jersey can supply local access for
the entire state of New Jersey.
We seek to retain flexibility by using dynamic call routing alternatives.
This approach is intended to enable us to take advantage of the rapidly evolving
Internet market to provide low-cost service to our customers. Accordingly, our
network employs an "Open Shortest Path First" protocol that promotes efficient
routing of traffic. Additionally, we have placed redundant hardware for
reliability in high traffic areas to minimize loss of data packets. Each network
data exchange point employs hardware to direct network traffic and a minimum of
two dedicated leased data lines to increase reliability.
We manage our network hardware remotely. It is compatible with a variety of
local network systems around the world. We believe our Internet telephony
network can currently support approximately 12,000 simultaneous calls. We
believe our systems are scalable to 4 times their current capacity through the
purchase and installation of certain additional hardware. To date, the highest
number of simultaneous calls serviced by our network was approximately 9000 on
October 15, 2000.
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THE NETWORK OPERATIONS CENTER
Our Network Operations Center, located in Hackensack, New Jersey and
Newark, New Jersey, employs a staff of 70 people. There are 2 groups that work
within the network operations center, the network analysis group and the
Internet telephony monitoring group. Both groups have 24 hours per day, 7 days
per week coverage to respond quickly to any issues.
The network analysis group works around the clock monitoring network
issues, handling customer requests, repairing outages and solving security
problems. Our monitoring group oversees a nationwide real-time network analysis
map, which notifies our staff of network errors. They also use software we
developed to monitor our hardware around the world. This group can dynamically
turn on or turn off equipment and re-route Internet telephony traffic, as
necessary.
There is also a complete voice engineering group, network engineering group
and t-circuit provisioning group, to augment our operational abilities.
CUSTOMERS
We have a diverse, global customer base. As of July 31, 2000, approximately
38 percent of our customers were based outside of the United States. As of July
31, 2000, we served over 1,179,000 active customers who had used our services
during the preceding 3 months. Additionally, as of July 31, 2000, we had signed
agreements with 7 International Telecommunications Operators. As of August 2000,
we had two agreements with DSL providers. As of October 2000, we have Enterprise
agreements in place with 25 Fortune 500 companies and mid-market companies. In
addition, as of October 10, 2000, we had installed the Click2Talk service on
approximately 30,000 commercial Web sites.
COMPETITION
Long Distance Market
The long distance telephony market and, in particular, the Internet
telephony market, is competitive. There are several large and numerous small
competitors, and we expect to face continuing competition based on price and
service offerings from existing competitors and new market entrants in the
future. The principal competitive factors in the market include price, quality
of service, breadth of geographic presence, customer service, reliability,
network capacity and the availability of enhanced communications services. Our
competitors include MCI WorldCom and Sprint in the United States and foreign
telecommunications carriers. Although we have forged a strategic partnership
with AT&T, to some extent AT&T still provides competing services.
Some of our competitors may have greater financial, technical and marketing
resources, larger customer bases, longer operating histories, greater name
recognition and more established relationships in the industry than we have. As
a result, certain of these competitors may be able to adopt more aggressive
pricing policies, which could hinder our ability to market our Internet
telephony services. One of our competitive advantages is the ability to route
calls through Internet service providers, which allows us to bypass the
international settlement process and realize substantial savings compared to
traditional telephone service. Any change in the regulation of an Internet
service provider could force us to increase prices and offer rates that are
comparable to traditional telephone call providers.
Web-Based Internet Telephony Services
As consumers and telecommunications companies have come to understand the
benefits that may be obtained from transmitting voice over the Internet, a
substantial number of companies have emerged to provide voice over the Internet.
In addition, companies currently in related markets have begun to provide voice
over the Internet services or adapt their products to enable voice over the
Internet services. These related companies may potentially migrate into the
Internet telephony market as direct competitors.
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- Internet Telephony Service Providers. During the past several years, a
number of companies have introduced services that make Internet telephony
services available to businesses and consumers. In addition to us, AT&T
Jens (a Japanese affiliate of AT&T), deltathree.com (a subsidiary of RSL
Communications), I-Link, iBasis (formerly known as VIP Calling), ICG
Communications, IPVoice.com, ITXC and OzEmail (which was acquired by MCI
WorldCom), HearMe, Phonefree, and Dialpad provide a range of voice over
the Internet services. These companies offer PC-to-phone or
phone-to-phone services that are similar to the services we offer. Some
companies, including AT&T Jens and OzEmail, offer these services within
limited geographic areas. Additionally, a number of companies have
recently introduced Web-based voice-mail services and voice-chat services
to Internet users.
- Software/Hardware Providers. Many companies produce software and other
computer equipment that may be installed on a user's computer to permit
voice communications over the Internet. These products generally require
each user to have compatible software and hardware equipment and rely on
the public Internet for the transmission of traffic, which often results
in reduced quality of communications. Representative companies include
VocalTec and Netspeak. We believe VocalTec's software and hardware are
unable to handle large numbers of simultaneous calls and that Netspeak
focuses on delivering solutions targeted at traditional call centers that
require significant customization.
- Telecommunications Companies. A number of telecommunications companies,
including AT&T, Deutsche Telekom, MCI WorldCom and Qwest, may currently
maintain, or may in the future maintain, packet-switched networks to
route the voice traffic of other telecommunications companies. These
companies, which tend to be large entities with substantial resources,
generally have large budgets available for research and development and
therefore may enhance the quality and acceptance of the transmission of
voice over the Internet. However, many of these companies are new to the
Internet telephony market and may not build brand recognition among
consumers for these services. These companies also may not have the range
of product and service offerings that is necessary to independently
provide a broad set of voice-enabled Web services.
- Network Hardware Manufacturers. Several of the world's major providers
of telecommunications equipment, such as Alcatel, Cisco, Lucent, Northern
Telecom and Dialogic (which was acquired by Intel) have developed or plan
to develop network equipment to use in connection with the provision of
voice over the Web services, including routers, servers and related
hardware and software. By developing this equipment, these manufacturers
may exert substantial influence over the technology that enables
transmission of voice over the Web, and they may develop products that
facilitate the quality and timely roll-out of these networks. However,
these companies are dependent upon the operators of Internet telephony
networks to purchase and install their equipment into their networks.
They are also dependent upon the developers of hardware and software to
market their systems to end users. Cisco currently manufactures Internet
telephony equipment for low to medium scale networking but does not
manufacture high-end Internet telephony equipment for large networks. In
September 2000, we created Adir Technologies, a separate company to which
we contributed certain assets and which has been funded by Cisco Systems,
SOFTBANK and IDT to focus on IP network management software. By creating
Adir, we will commercialize our network management software. Adir
currently intends to market its products to service providers and
telecommunications companies, as well as equipment manufacturers looking
to migrate voice traffic to IP networks. Lucent has co-developed with
VocalTec a set of industry standards that have been adopted by major
competitors and is currently marketing Internet telephony hardware,
including servers that allow the transmission of calls and faxes over the
Internet. Lucent also offers related support products, such as billing
centers and "Internet call centers," which allow Internet access and
conversation with a customer support agent on a single line.
- Voice-Enabled Online Commerce Providers. Several providers apply
Internet telephony technologies in connection with e-commerce
transactions. These providers compete with services of ours such as
Click2Talk by integrating voice communications into commercial Web sites.
These competitors include HearMe, Lipstream and USA Global Link, which
introduced its Instant Call service in 1998, a
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system that permits voice communications between a customer on the Web
and customer service representatives. In addition, AT&T's Inter@active
Communications group of services integrates voice into the Web, including
AT&T Chat'N Talk, a voice-enabled chat service, and Click2Dial
Conferencing Services, which initiates and manages conference calls.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Strategic Research and Development
At our research and development centers in Lakewood, New Jersey and Newark,
New Jersey, we employ 30 engineers, whose specialties include software,
hardware, switching, Internet security, voice compression, protocols, Web
applications, PC development, interactive voice response systems, VoiceXML,
speech recognition, speech applications, broadband technologies, engineering
real-time online transactions, billing network and call management. This staff
is devoted to the improvement and enhancement of our existing product and
service offerings, as well as to the development of new products and services.
Current research and development activities include the following:
- enhancements to our PC-to-phone software to increase functionality;
- encapsulation of our PC-to-phone software as an OEM engine product;
- porting of our PC-to-phone software to other operating system platforms;
- enhancements to our call processing platform to increase scalability and
performance;
- enhancements to our billing platforms to increase scalability and
performance;
- development of a calling application platform to host interactive voice
response and VoiceXML applications;
- development of speech enabled calling applications;
- multiprotocol voice-over-IP support to embrace multiple voice-over-IP
calling devices and platforms; and
- protocol support for IP calling software, devices and broadband
initiatives.
Our future success will depend, in part, on our ability to improve existing
technology and develop new products and services that incorporate leading
technology.
Costs for the internal development of new software products and substantial
enhancements to existing software products are expensed as incurred until
technological feasibility has been established, at which time any additional
costs would be capitalized. As we have completed our software development
concurrently with the establishment of technological feasibility, we have begun
capitalizing these costs. Software development costs are our only research and
development expenditures. For the years ended July 31, 2000, 1999 and 1998,
research and development costs totaled approximately $4,692,000, $757,000 and
$481,000, respectively.
REGULATION
Regulation of Internet Telephony
The use of the Internet to provide telephone service is a relatively recent
market development. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) currently does
not impose surcharges or traditional common carrier regulation upon providers of
Internet telephony.
On April 10, 1998, the FCC issued a report to Congress concerning the
implementation of the universal service provisions of the Telecommunications
Act. In the report, the FCC indicated that it would undertake a subsequent
examination of the question whether certain forms of phone-to-phone Internet
telephony are information services or telecommunications services. The FCC noted
that although it did not have, as of the
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date of the report, an adequate record on which to make a definitive
pronouncement, the record suggested that certain forms of phone-to-phone
Internet telephony appear to have the same functionality as non-Internet
telecommunications services and lack the characteristics that would render them
information services. The FCC indicated that it would weigh the extent to which
phone-to-phone Internet telephony providers could be considered
"telecommunications carriers" such that they would be subject to universal
service contribution requirements. The FCC also indicated, however, that it
would consider whether it should forbear from imposing any of the rules that
would apply to phone-to-phone Internet telephony providers as
"telecommunications carriers."
If the FCC were to determine that certain Internet telephony services are
subject to FCC regulation as telecommunications services, it may require
providers of Internet telephony services to make universal service
contributions, pay access charges, or be subject to traditional common carrier
regulation. It is also possible that PC-to-phone and phone-to-phone services may
be regulated by the FCC differently. To date, however, the FCC has not initiated
a proceeding to examine these issues.
In September 1999, the FCC released a Notice of Inquiry that requested
comment on the regulatory status of Internet telephony for purposes of
considering the access to telecommunications afforded to persons with
disabilities. The FCC requested, in part, that comments address whether Internet
telephony service generally, and phone-to-phone service in particular, may be
regulated as a basic telecommunications service. To date, the Commission has not
issued any policy directive or adopted any regulations addressing these issues.
The FCC also sets the access charges on traditional telephony traffic. In
May 2000, the Commission adopted a proposal set forth by a coalition of
traditional telephone companies that lowered the accessed charges paid by long
distance companies and reduced, and in some cases eliminated, a number of
implicit subsidies within the access charge regime that are passed-through to
end-user customers. When implemented, this proposal could reduce the cost of
traditional long distance telephone calls, thereby decreasing our competitive
pricing advantage.
Although the FCC to date has determined that providers of Internet services
should not be required to pay interstate access charges, it may reconsider this
decision. The FCC could determine, for instance, that certain types of Internet
telephony should be regulated like basic interstate telecommunications services.
Thus, Internet telephony would no longer be exempt from the access charge regime
that permits local telephone companies to charge long-distance companies for the
use of the local telephone network to originate and terminate long-distance
calls, generally on a per minute basis. Similarly, the FCC could conclude that
Internet telephony providers should contribute to the Universal Service Fund,
which provides support to ensure universal access to telephone service. The
imposition of access charges or universal service contributions may increase our
costs of serving dial-up customers.
Changes in the legal and regulatory environment relating to the Internet
connectivity market, including regulatory changes that affect telecommunications
costs or that may increase the likelihood of competition from the regional Bell
operating companies or other telecommunications companies, could increase our
costs of providing service. For example, the FCC determined on a preliminary
basis that subscriber calls to Internet service providers should be classified
for jurisdictional purposes as interstate calls. This determination could affect
a telephone carrier's costs for provision of service to these providers by
eliminating the payment of reciprocal compensation to carriers terminating calls
to these providers. The FCC is currently considering mechanisms to achieve
cost-based compensation for the termination of calls made to Internet services
providers. Meanwhile, state agencies are making specific determinations based
upon the contractual relationships governing traditional telecommunications
carriers regarding whether carriers are entitled to reciprocal compensation on
Internet bound calls. If new compensation mechanisms increase carriers' costs of
terminating calls to Internet service providers or if some states rule that
compensation is not due for such calls, then the affected carriers could
compensate by increasing the price of service to Internet service providers,
thereby raising the cost of Internet access to consumers.
In September 2000, the FCC released a Notice of Inquiry to address what
regulation, if any, should apply to providers of high-speed Internet access
services, including cable modem services and xDSL based services.
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If the FCC were to limit the Internet service providers that are permitted to
offer services through cable modems or xDSL based services, then it could limit
the availability of certain types of Internet services. Similarly, if the FCC
were to impose traditional common carrier regulations upon providers of cable
Internet access services, then the consumer cost of Internet access could
increase, thus affecting the entire market for Internet services.
Access to our services may also be limited in foreign countries where laws
and regulations otherwise do not prohibit voice communication over the Internet.
For example, access to some of our services has been blocked in certain
countries by government-controlled telecommunications companies, thus preventing
our customers from originating certain types of calls in these countries. In
such cases, we have and will continue to negotiate agreements to continue to
provide our services, and we intend to do the same as similar situations arise.
No assurances, however, can be given that we will be successful in such
negotiations or that we will be able to provide alternative means of access to
our service that will not be blocked by government-controlled telecommunications
companies.
The European Commission recently requested public comment in order to
review a 1998 notice by the Commission of the Status of Voice on the Internet
under European Community law. In doing so, the European Commission stated that
it "intends to confirm that Internet telephony still continues to fall outside
the definition of voice telephony." If the Commission were to determine
otherwise, however, it could impose regulatory restrictions upon Internet
telephony, which could have material adverse effects upon our business,
financial condition, and results of operations.
The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) has announced the third
World Telecommunications Policy Forum, to be held in March 2001, to address the
economic, policy, and regulatory implications of Internet telephony for member
nations and, in particular, developing nations. If the ITU World Policy Forum
encouraged member nations to adopt regulatory programs that restrict or prohibit
the provision of voice communications over the Internet, our business, financial
condition, and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
To our knowledge, there are currently no domestic and few foreign laws or
regulations that prohibit voice communications over the Internet. A number of
countries that currently prohibit competition in the provision of voice
telephony have also prohibited Internet telephony. Other countries permit but
regulate Internet telephony. If Congress, the FCC, state regulatory agencies, or
foreign governments begin to regulate the Internet telephony industry, such
regulation may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, or
results of operations.
Regulation of the Internet
Congress has adopted legislation that regulates certain aspects of the
Internet, including online content, user privacy, taxation, access charges,
liability for third-party activities, and jurisdiction. In addition, a number of
initiatives pending in Congress and state legislatures would prohibit or
restrict advertising or sale of certain products and services on the Internet,
which may have the effect of raising the cost of doing business on the Internet
generally. The European Union has also enacted several directives relating to
the Internet, one of which addresses online commerce. In addition, federal,
state, local and foreign governmental organizations are considering other
legislative and regulatory proposals that would regulate the Internet. Increased
regulation of the Internet may decrease its growth, which may negatively impact
the cost of doing business via the Internet or otherwise materially adversely
affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Additionally, the FTC has proposed regulations regarding the collection and
use of personal identifying information obtained from individuals when accessing
Web sites, with particular emphasis on access by minors. These regulations may
include requirements that companies establish certain procedures to disclose and
notify users of privacy and security policies, obtain consent from users for
certain collection and use of information and provide users with the ability to
access, correct and delete personal information stored by the company. These
regulations may also include enforcement and redress provisions. There can be no
assurance that we will adopt policies that conform with any regulations adopted
by the FTC. Moreover, even in the absence of those regulations, the FTC has
begun investigations into the privacy practices of companies that
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collect information on the Internet. One investigation resulted in a consent
decree pursuant to which an Internet company agreed to establish programs to
implement the principles noted above. We may become subject to a similar
investigation, or the FTC's regulatory and enforcement efforts may adversely
affect the ability to collect demographic and personal information from users,
which could have an adverse effect on our ability to provide highly targeted
opportunities for advertisers and electronic commerce marketers. Any of these
developments would materially adversely affect our business, results of
operations and financial condition.
The European Union has adopted a directive that imposes restrictions on the
collection and use of personal data. Under the directive, citizens of the
European Union are guaranteed rights to access their data, rights to know where
the data originated, rights to have inaccurate data rectified, rights to
recourse in the event of unlawful processing and rights to withhold permission
to use their data for direct marketing. The directive could, among other things,
affect United States companies that collect information over the Internet from
individuals in European Union member countries and may impose restrictions that
are more stringent than current Internet privacy standards in the United States.
In particular, companies with offices located in European Union countries will
not be allowed to send personal information to countries that do not maintain
adequate standards of privacy. The directive does not, however, define what
standards of privacy are adequate. As a result, the directive may adversely
affect the activities of entities such as us that engage in data collection from
users in European Union member countries.
In October 2000, the World Telecommunications Standardization Assembly, an
international standards-setting body, issued a proposal under which U.S.
providers of Internet backbone services would be required to compensate foreign
telecommunications providers for the costs of carrying Internet traffic
generated in the United States. If adopted, the proposal would require Internet
backbone providers to enter into reciprocal agreements to compensate each other
for the costs of carrying each others' Internet traffic. Such a requirement
could result in an increase in the price of Internet access and other services.
If Congress, the FCC, state regulatory agencies, or foreign governments
begin to regulate markets for all types of Internet services, such regulation
could increase the cost of Internet services and, therefore, could affect our
business, financial condition, or results of operations.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Our performance and ability to compete depend in part, on our proprietary
and licensed technology. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright,
trademark and trade secret laws and contractual restrictions to establish and
protect our technology. Our employees are bound by confidentiality agreements.
These agreements provide that confidential information developed by or with an
employee or consultant, or disclosed to such person during his or her
relationship with us, may not be disclosed to any third party except in certain
specified circumstances. These agreements also require our employees to assign
their rights to any inventions to us. The steps taken by us may not, however, be
adequate to prevent the misappropriation of our proprietary rights or
technology. In addition, our competitors may independently develop technologies
that are substantially equivalent or superior to our technology.
We currently have 5 U.S. patent applications pending; none have been issued
to date. We have been granted patents in Taiwan and Singapore for "Method and
apparatus for transmitting and routing voice telephone calls over a
packet-switched computer network." We own eighteen (18) registered trademarks in
the United States and 3 foreign registered trademarks. We are currently engaged
in a worldwide program to file trademark applications throughout the world for
our "net2phone" and "Y@P/YAP" marks.
There can be no assurance that we will be able to secure significant
protection for all of our marks world wide. Competitors of ours or others may
adopt product or service marks similar to our marks, or try to prevent us from
using our marks, thereby impeding our ability to build brand identity and
possibly leading to customer confusion. Trademark oppositions have been filed
against us challenging our registration of the mark NET2PHONE in Argentina,
Chile, Colombia, Guatemala, Paraguay, Peru and Venezuela which we are
prosecuting.
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To the extent trademark rights are acquired through registration in
countries outside the United States, we may not be able to protect our marks or
assure that we are not infringing other parties' marks in those countries.
Moreover, although we have taken steps to commence the registration of
"net2phone" as a domain name with the various international registries, we
cannot be assured that this will be successful in all locations.
We have been assigned the rights to patent applications claiming a number
of the technologies underlying our products and services. Our two United States
utility patent applications have been rejected, but we are continuing to pursue
patent protection for the claimed subject material. There can be no assurance
that the applications will result in the issuance of patents or that, if issued,
such patents would adequately protect us against competitive technology or that
they would be held valid and enforceable against a challenge. In addition, it is
possible that our competitors may be able to design around any such patents.
Also, our competitors may obtain patents that we would need to license or
circumvent in order to make, use, sell or offer for sale the technology.
We have received correspondence from a company, NetPhone Inc., in 1996
claiming that our use of the mark "Net2Phone" in connection with Internet
telephony services infringes that company's "NetPhone" registered trademark and
requesting that we cease and desist from using the "Net2Phone" mark. We
responded by denying any infringement. No legal proceedings have been commenced
against us with respect to this matter. There can be no assurance that the
existence of this entity's claim, will not materially adversely affect our
business.
We have also received correspondence from a company, Wireless Application
Protocol Forum Ltd., in June 2000, claiming that our use of the trademarks, Y@P,
Y@P GEAR and Y@P TIME infringes on that company's use of the W@P mark. They have
requested that we cease and desist using the Y@P marks. We have responded by
denying any infringement. No legal proceedings have been commenced against us
with respect to this matter. There can be no assurance that the existence of
this entity's claim or its business will not materially affect our business.
We are also aware of several other parties that use marks that are the same
or similar to marks that we use, though in some instances, to the best of our
knowledge, these parties are not in the same business as we are. There can be no
assurance that the companies that notified us or other companies with marks
similar to our marks will not bring suit to prevent us from using the
"Net2Phone" mark or other marks. Defending or losing any litigation relating to
intellectual property rights could materially adversely affect our business,
results of operations and financial condition.
We believe that we do not infringe upon the patent rights of any third
party. However, on February 15, 2000, Multi-Tech Systems, Inc. filed suit
against us and other companies in the United States Federal District Court in
Minneapolis, Minnesota. In its press release, Multi-Tech stated that "the
defendant companies are infringing because they are providing the end users with
the software necessary to simultaneously transmit voice and data on their
computers in the form of making a phone call over the Internet." We intend to
defend the lawsuit vigorously. We have filed an answer and the litigation is in
the early stages of discovery. We believe that the Multi-Tech claims are without
merit. However, should a judge issue an injunction against us requiring that we
cease distributing its software or providing its software-based services, such
an injunction could have a material adverse effect on our business operations,
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
It is possible that other patent infringement claims might be asserted
successfully against us in the future. Our ability to make, use, sell or offer
for sale our products and services depends on our freedom to operate. That is,
we must ensure that we do not infringe upon the patents of others or have
licensed all such rights. We are aware that patents have recently been granted
to others based on fundamental technologies in the Internet telephony area. In
addition, we are aware of at least one other patent application involving
potentially similar technologies to our own which if issued could materially
adversely affect our business. Because patent applications in the Unites States
are not publicly disclosed until issued, other applications may have been filed
which, if issued as patents, could relate to our services and products. However,
foreign patent applications do publish before issuance.
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We are aware of several such publications that relate to Internet
telephony. One such published application claims as an inventor a previous
consultant to IDT and has been assigned to another company. Issuance of a patent
or patents from this application could materially adversely affect our ability
to operate.
A party making an infringement claim could secure a substantial monetary
award or obtain injunctive relief that could effectively block our ability to
provide services or products in the United States or abroad. If any of these
risks materialize, we could be forced to suspend operations, to pay significant
amounts to defend our rights, and a substantial amount of the attention of our
management may be diverted from our ongoing business, each of which could
materially adversely affect our ability to operate.
We rely on a variety of technology, primarily software, that we license
from third parties. Most of this technology was purchased or licensed on our
behalf by IDT. Continued use of this technology by us may require that we
purchase new or additional licenses from third parties or obtain consents from
third parties to assign the applicable licenses from IDT. There can be no
assurances that we can obtain those third party licenses needed for our business
or that the third party technology licenses that we do have will continue to be
available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all. The loss or
inability to maintain or obtain upgrades to any of these technology licenses
could result in delays or breakdowns in our ability to continue developing and
providing our products and services or to enhance and upgrade our products and
services.
EMPLOYEES
As of July 31, 2000, we had approximately 541 full-time and 45 part-time
employees, including approximately 289 in technical support and customer
service, 160 in marketing and sales, 35 in management and finance, 40 in
operations, and 62 in research and development. Our employees are not
represented by a union, and we consider our employee relations to be good. We
have never experienced a work stoppage.
REVENUES AND ASSETS BY GEOGRAPHIC AREA
For the year ended July 31, 2000, 34%, or $24.6 million of our revenue was
derived from international customers, and 66%, or $47.8 million from customers
in the United States. All our long-lived assets are located in the United
States, with the exception of our recently acquired Aplio assets which are
primarily located in Sarcelles, France.
We face certain risks inherent in doing business on an international basis,
including:
- changing regulatory requirements, which vary widely from country to
country;
- action by foreign governments or foreign telecommunications companies to
limit access to our services;
- increased bad debt and subscription fraud;
- legal uncertainty regarding liability, tariffs and other trade barriers;
- political instability; and
- potentially adverse tax consequences.
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EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The following are the executive officers of Net2Phone as of October 19,
2000:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXECUTIVE
NAME AGE OFFICER SINCE PRESENT OFFICE
---- --- ------------- -----------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Howard S. Balter.................... 38 1999 Chief Executive Officer
David Greenblatt.................... 48 1999 President and Chief Operating
Officer of Adir Technologies
Ilan S. Slasky...................... 30 1999 Chief Financial Officer
Stephen M. Greenberg................ 56 2000 Chairman of the Office of the
President
Glenn J. Williams................... 37 1999 General Counsel and Secretary
Jonathan Rand....................... 37 1999 Executive Vice President
Jonathan Reich...................... 34 1999 Executive Vice President
Morris Berger....................... 41 1999 Chief Marketing Officer
Jeffrey Skelton..................... 34 2000 Chief Technology Officer
</TABLE>
Howard S. Balter has been our Chief Executive Officer since January 1999,
and our Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors since May 1999. Mr. Balter also
served as our Treasurer from October 1997 to July 1999. Prior to his employment
with us, Mr. Balter was IDT Corporation's Chief Operating Officer from 1993 to
1998 and Chief Financial Officer from 1993 to 1995. Mr. Balter was a director of
IDT Corporation from December 1995 to January 1999 and Vice Chairman of IDT
Corporation's board of directors from 1996 to 1999. From 1985 to 1993, Mr.
Balter operated his own real estate development firm.
David Greenblatt has been the President and Chief Operating Officer of our
subsidiary, Adir Technologies, since September 2000. Prior to that time, Mr.
Greenblatt was our Chief Operating Officer since January 1999. Between January
1998 and January 1999, Mr. Greenblatt served as IDT Corporation's Vice President
of Networks, during which time he was primarily responsible for the operations
of Net2Phone. Prior to his employment with IDT Corporation in January 1998, Mr.
Greenblatt was Senior Vice President of Research and Development for Nextwave
Communications from 1996 to 1997. From January 1984 to August 1996, Mr.
Greenblatt was a principal of Financial Technologies, Inc., where he managed the
process of software conversion for large and medium-sized businesses. From
January 1980 to December 1984, Mr. Greenblatt was an information technologies
consultant for various money center banks. From 1970 to 1980, Mr. Greenblatt
lectured in the areas of Computer Science and Mathematics at Queens College, New
York University, Hunter College and Pace University.
Ilan S. Slasky has been our Chief Financial Officer since January 1999.
Prior to his employment with us, Mr. Slasky was IDT Corporation's Executive Vice
President of Finance from December 1997 to January 1999, IDT Corporation's
director of carrier services from November 1996 to July 1997 and IDT
Corporation's Director of Finance from May 1996 to November 1996. From 1991 to
1996, Mr. Slasky worked for Merrill Lynch in various areas of finance, including
risk management, fixed income trading and equity derivatives.
Stephen M. Greenberg is presently our Chairman of the Office of the
President. Mr. Greenberg practiced law for 32 years prior to joining Net2Phone.
His legal career began in Newark, New Jersey in 1968. He served as Executive
Assistant to the United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey from 1969
to 1971. Before joining Net2Phone, Mr. Greenberg was a Founder and Senior
Partner in the New Jersey law firm of Stern & Greenberg. Mr. Greenberg has
received many honors including one for Outstanding Personal Achievement from the
New Jersey Bar Association. He is also the Commissioner of the New Jersey Public
Broadcasting Authority and a member of the New Jersey Israel Commission.
Glenn J. Williams has been our General Counsel and Secretary since October
1999. As our chief legal officer, Mr. Williams is responsible for our domestic
and international legal activities. Prior to joining us, Mr. Williams served as
Associate General Counsel to IDT Corporation since 1998. Prior to joining IDT,
Mr. Williams served as Associate General Counsel to a privately held company and
worked for a number of
28
<PAGE> 30
years as an attorney in private practice, including representing the New Jersey
Sports and Exposition Authority from 1994 to 1997. Prior to becoming a lawyer,
Mr. Williams worked for a number of years in a sales capacity for commercial
contracting firms.
Jonathan Rand has been our Executive Vice President -- International Sales
since January 1999, Treasurer since July 1999 and a key employee since January
1998. Prior to joining us, Mr. Rand was a member of IDT Corporation's senior
management from 1992 to January 1999, including service as Senior Vice
President -- International Sales and Senior Vice President -- Finance.
Additionally, Mr. Rand is a co-founder and director of the International
Internet Association. Prior to joining IDT Corporation, Mr. Rand operated his
own magazine publishing business from 1986 to 1992 and was employed by Procter &
Gamble from 1985 to 1986 in Brand Management.
Jonathan Reich has been our Executive Vice President -- Marketing and
Corporate Development since January 1999. Prior to his employment with us, Mr.
Reich was IDT Corporation's Senior Vice President of Advertising, Marketing and
Business Development in charge of strategic relationships for both us and IDT
Corporation from June 1997 to December 1998 and IDT Corporation's director of
advertising from January 1995 to November 1997. From 1992 to 1993, Mr. Reich
worked for Sanford Bernstein & Co. as an associate analyst. Prior to this, Mr.
Reich was an internal consultant for Morgan Stanley & Co.
Morris Berger has been our Chief Marketing Officer since December 1999.
Prior to that Mr. Berger served as Vice President of Creative Services. Mr.
Berger served as Chief Executive Officer of Multi-Media Tutorial Services, Inc.
from 1995 to 1999.
Jeffrey Skelton has been our Chief Technology Officer since September 2000
and a key employee since December 1997. Prior to his employment with us, Mr.
Skelton was a principal technical staff member and a software engineer at AT&T
Corp. from 1988 to December 1997.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Our primary facility is our headquarters and executive offices located on 4
floors at 520 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey. The lease requires monthly
payments of $255,417.25 and expires on May 31, 2010. We lease space for some
computer equipment in Piscataway, New Jersey. The Piscataway lease is $14,400
per month. We also lease office space at 1255 Route 70, Lakewood, New Jersey for
our research and development center. This lease expires on November 30, 2002 and
requires us to make monthly rental payments of $11,408.11. Customer service and
technical support are located on four floors at 218 Main Street, Hackensack, New
Jersey. The monthly rent is $13,634.25 and the lease expires on September 30,
2004. We lease space at 294 State Street, Hackensack, New Jersey. The monthly
rent is $5,600 and the lease expires on February 28, 2002. We have an office in
San Francisco, California that we lease for $5,700 per month. Our subsidiary,
Net2Phone Global B.V., has an office in Warsaw, Poland. The three offices of
another subsidiary, Aplio, SA., are located in Sarcelles, France, San Mateo,
California and Israel.
We believe that our facilities are suitable and adequate for our business
for the forseeable future.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
On February 15, 2000, Multi-Tech Systems, Inc. filed suit against us and
other companies in the United States Federal District Court in Minneapolis,
Minnesota. In its press release, Multi-Tech stated that "the defendant companies
are infringing because they are providing the end users with the software
necessary to simultaneously transmit voice and data on their computers in the
form of making a phone call over the Internet." We intend to defend the lawsuit
vigorously. We have filed an answer and the litigation is in the early stages of
discovery. We believe that the Multi-Tech claims are without merit. However,
should a judge issue an injunction against us requiring that we cease
distributing its software or providing its software-based services, such an
injunction could have a material adverse effect on our business operations,
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
29
<PAGE> 31
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
During the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended July 31, 2000, the
following items were submitted for the approval of our security holders at a
Special Meeting of Stockholders held on July 6, 2000:
- an amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation to increase the
authorized shares of Class A common stock from 33,924,250 to 37,924,250:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
VOTES FOR VOTES AGAINST ABSTENTIONS
---------- ------------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Class A Common Stock: 29,040,250 4,500 0
Common Stock: 13,209,939 178,161 11,150
</TABLE>
- an amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation to increase the maximum
number of directors who may serve on our board of directors from 11 to
13:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
VOTES FOR VOTES AGAINST ABSTENTIONS
---------- ------------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Class A Common Stock: 29,040,250 4,500 0
Common Stock: 13,297,869 84,991 16,390
</TABLE>
- an amendment to the Net2Phone, Inc. 1999 Amended and Restated Stock
Option and Incentive Plan to increase the number of shares authorized for
issuance from 11,040,000 to 14,940,000:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
VOTES FOR VOTES AGAINST ABSTENTIONS
---------- ------------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Class A Common Stock: 29,040,250 4,500 0
Common Stock: 10,707,282 2,650,330 41,638
</TABLE>
PART II.
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
MARKET INFORMATION
Our common stock has traded on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol
"NTOP" since July 29, 1999. The following table sets forth the per share range
of high and low closing sales prices of our common stock for the periods
indicated:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FISCAL 1999
-------------------
HIGH LOW
------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Fourth Quarter (July 29 and July 30 only)................... $27.38 $26.56
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FISCAL 2000
-------------------
HIGH LOW
------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
First Quarter............................................... $92.625 $ 15.00
Second Quarter.............................................. 76.5 40.0625
Third Quarter............................................... 68.375 34.375
Fourth Quarter.............................................. 47.875 22.5
</TABLE>
On October 24, 2000, the last reported sale price for our common stock on
the Nasdaq National Market was $19.375 per share.
HOLDERS
As of October 24, 2000, we had approximately 602 holders of record of our
common stock. This does not reflect persons or entities who hold their stock in
nominee or "street" name through various brokerage firms.
30
<PAGE> 32
DIVIDEND POLICY
We have not paid any dividends in the past and do not intend to pay cash
dividends on our capital stock for the foreseeable future. Instead, we intend to
retain all earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business.
RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES
On March 31, 2000, we issued and sold to Yahoo! approximately 2.8 million
shares of our common stock in exchange for approximately 806,000 shares of
Yahoo! common stock. This transaction was exempt from registration under Section
4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
On August 11, 2000, we completed a sale of 4,000,000 shares of our Class A
common stock to a subsidiary of AT&T Corp. for an aggregate purchase price of
$300 million. This transaction was exempt from registration under Section 4(2)
of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
In August 2000 we issued 582,749 shares of our common stock which were
valued at $35.50 per share as a portion of the consideration we used to acquire
all of the outstanding capital stock of Aplio, S.A. This transaction was exempt
from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
USE OF PROCEEDS
On December 1, 1999, we completed a secondary public offering of 7,245,000
shares of common stock at a price of $55.00 per share. These shares were
registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission on a registration
statement on Form S-1 (File Number 333-90317), which became effective on
December 1, 1999. Selling stockholders sold 3,845,000 shares and we sold
3,400,000 shares of common stock. Our proceeds from the offering, after
deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses, were
approximately $177.4 million. The managing underwriters for the offering were
Hambrecht & Quist, Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette and Deutsche Banc AlexBrown. We
expect to use the proceeds from the offering for:
- developing and maintaining strategic Internet relationships;
- advertising and promotion;
- research and development;
- upgrading and expanding our network; and
- general corporate purposes, including working capital and acquisitions.
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<PAGE> 33
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with
our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto and
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations" included in Item 7. The statement of operations data for the period
from January 2, 1996 (inception) to July 31, 1996, fiscal 1997, fiscal 1998,
fiscal 1999 and fiscal 2000 and the balance sheet data as of July 31, 1996,
1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000 are derived from our consolidated financial
statements.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERIOD FROM
JAN. 2, 1996 FISCAL YEAR ENDED JULY 31,
(INCEPTION) TO --------------------------------------------------------
JULY 31, 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
-------------- ----------- ----------- ------------ -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Revenue:
Service Revenue..................... $ -- $ -- $10,490,972 $ 32,648,305 $ 61,253,096
Product Revenue..................... -- -- 1,515,000 608,152 11,148,094
----------- ----------- ----------- ------------ -------------
Total revenue..................... -- 2,652,303 12,005,972 33,256,457 72,401,190
----------- ----------- ----------- ------------ -------------
Costs and expenses:................... -- --
Service cost of revenue, excluding
depreciation...................... -- -- 6,576,523 17,554,074 34,700,401
Product cost of revenue, excluding
depreciation...................... 272,236 263,936 6,286,392
----------- ----------- ----------- ------------ -------------
Total Direct Costs of revenue..... -- 1,553,443 6,848,759 17,818,010 40,986,793
Selling and marketing............... 34,468 76,724 2,887,766 8,828,167 68,677,169
General and administrative.......... 465,015 2,599,283 5,087,628 10,836,072 36,321,177
Depreciation and amortization....... 8,275 120,500 726,508 2,316,545 6,804,412
Compensation charge from the
issuance of stock options......... -- -- -- 17,919,541 48,124,333
----------- ----------- ----------- ------------ -------------
Total costs and expenses.......... 507,758 4,349,950 15,550,661 57,718,335 200,913,884
----------- ----------- ----------- ------------ -------------
Loss from operations.................. (507,758) (1,697,647) (3,544,689) (24,461,878) (128,512,694)
Interest expense...................... -- -- -- (430,753) (354,379)
Interest income....................... -- -- -- 187,439 10,027,194
Other income.......................... -- -- -- 505,874
----------- ----------- ----------- ------------ -------------
Net loss.............................. (507,758) (1,697,647) (3,544,689) (24,705,192) (118,334,005)
Redeemable preferred stock
dividends........................... -- -- -- (29,219,362) --
----------- ----------- ----------- ------------ -------------
Net loss available to common
stockholders...................... $ (507,758) $(1,697,647) $(3,544,689) $(53,924,554) $(118,334,005)
=========== =========== =========== ============ =============
Net loss per common share -- basic
and diluted....................... $ (0.02) $ (0.06) $ (0.12) $ (1.73) $ (2.29)
=========== =========== =========== ============ =============
Weighted average number of common
shares used in calculation of basic
and diluted net loss per common
share(1)............................ 27,864,000 27,864,000 30,186,000 31,236,415 51,738,918
=========== =========== =========== ============ =============
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
JULY 31,
-------------------------------------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
--------- ----------- ------------ ----------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Cash, cash equivalents, and
marketable securities.............. $ -- $ -- $ 10,074 $20,379,048 $249,294,250
Working capital (deficit)............ (681,532) (3,104,830) (11,149,553) 6,303,452 106,371,979
Total assets......................... 174,674 916,025 6,975,108 50,816,891 411,728,433
Accounts payable to IDT.............. 681,532 2,960,429 11,814,988 3,735,395 4,883,111
Loan payable to IDT.................. -- -- -- 14,000,000 --
Total stockholders' (deficit)
equity............................. (507,758) (2,205,305) (5,649,994) (4,062,867) 331,886,546
</TABLE>
---------------
(1) After giving retroactive effect to the 3-for-1 stock split on June 25, 1999.
32
<PAGE> 34
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our financial
statements and notes thereto. The historical financial information included in
this report does not necessarily reflect what our financial condition and
results of operations would have been had we been operated as an independent
entity during the periods presented.
OVERVIEW
We began our operations in November 1995, launched our first Net2Phone
product in July 1996, and were established as a separate subsidiary of IDT in
October 1997. We have incurred net operating losses since inception and expect
to incur additional losses for the foreseeable future, primarily as a result of
increased sales and marketing efforts. As of July 31, 2000, we had an
accumulated deficit of approximately $148.8 million.
We recognized significant charges relating to non-cash executive
compensation expense in Fiscal 2000 and will recognize additional significant
charges on an ongoing basis, in connection with the grants of options (i) with
exercise prices less than market value on the date of grant and (ii) in
connection with the adjustment to stock options in connection with the AT&T
transactions. With respect to these options, we recognized a charge of
approximately $17.9 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 1999 and $48.1
million in fiscal 2000, and will recognize charges of approximately $15.5
million during fiscal 2001, approximately $12.7 million during fiscal 2002,
approximately $1.5 million during fiscal 2003 and approximately $483,000 in
fiscal 2004.
In May 1999, we issued 3,140,000 shares of Series A convertible preferred
stock which were converted into 9,420,000 shares of Class A stock at $3.33 per
share at the time of our initial public offering. The Series A convertible
preferred stock contains beneficial conversion features. The total value of the
beneficial conversion features is approximately $75 million. For accounting
purposes, the value of the beneficial conversion features was limited to the
amount of proceeds allocated to the Series A convertible preferred stock. We
recorded a reduction in net income available to common stockholders in the
quarter ended July 31, 1999 of approximately $29.2 million. In connection with
the issuance of the Series A convertible preferred stock, we issued warrants to
purchase up to 272,400 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $3.33 per
share. The fair value of warrants on the date of issuance was $2.1 million.
These warrants were exercised to purchase an aggregate of 136,648 shares of
common stock at the time of our initial public offering. The fair value of the
warrants was recorded as an increase to additional paid in capital and a
decrease to the carrying value of the Series A convertible preferred stock. The
decrease in the carrying value of the Series A convertible preferred stock will
be accreted, with a corresponding reduction of additional paid-in capital, over
the period to the initial redemption date in May 2006. At the closing of our
initial public offering in August 1999, the balance of the unamortized amount
was written off.
In connection with our distribution and marketing agreement with ICQ, we
issued a warrant to America Online to purchase up to 3 percent of our
outstanding capital stock on a fully-diluted basis. This warrant will vest in 1
percent increments upon the achievement of each of three incremental thresholds
of revenue generated under the agreement during the first four years that the
warrant is outstanding. The per share exercise price under the warrant will be
equal to the lesser of $12.00 per share or $450 million divided by the number of
our fully-diluted shares on the initial exercise date. If one or more of the
revenue thresholds set forth in the warrant are achieved, we will recognize
additional non-cash charges in an amount equal to the value of the warrant, as
determined at the time that these thresholds are met.
We offered 6,210,000 shares of our common stock in an initial public
offering, which became effective on July 29, 1999. On August 3, 1999 we received
net proceeds of approximately $83.8 million from the sale of the 6,210,000
shares at the initial public offering price of $15.00 per share.
On December 1, 1999, we completed a public offering of 7,245,000 shares of
common stock at a price of $55.00 per share. 3,845,000 shares were sold by
selling stockholders and 3,400,000 shares were sold by Net2Phone. Net proceeds
to Net2Phone, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and
offering expenses were approximately $177.4 million.
33
<PAGE> 35
Sources of Revenue
During fiscal 2000, our revenues were derived from per-minute charges we
billed to our customers on a pre-paid basis and from the sale of internet
telephony equipment, such as YAP Gear, and services to resellers, IDT and other
carriers. Revenue increased approximately 118 percent from $33.3 million for
fiscal 1999 to $72.4 million for fiscal 2000. The increase in revenue was
primarily due to an increase in billed minutes of use resulting from additional
marketing of our products and services and the introduction of our YAP product
line of internet telephony devices. Specifically, revenue from services
increased approximately 88 percent from approximately $32.6 million for fiscal
1999 to approximately $61.3 million in revenue for fiscal 2000. Revenue from
products increased approximately 1,733 percent from approximately $0.6 million
for fiscal 1999 to approximately $11.1 million for fiscal 2000. We anticipate
that revenue from services will increase in absolute terms as our products
become more widely distributed. However, as a percentage of revenue, we expect
revenue from these services to decline over the next several years as we begin
to market additional products and services and pursue additional sources of
revenue. For example, we are selling Web-based advertising and sponsorship
positions on our PC client, as well as MSN's instant messenger to leverage our
customer reach.
Approximately 85 percent of our revenue in fiscal 2000 was generated from
per-minute charges we charge our customers on a prepaid basis to use our
services. During fiscal 2000, approximately 34 percent of our revenue was
derived from customers based outside of the United States. As of July 31, 2000,
we served over 1,179,000 active customers. We recognize revenue as our customers
utilize the balances in their prepaid accounts by placing calls. As such, we
have deferred revenue for all unutilized balances in our customers' accounts.
Cost Structure
Our costs and expenses include:
- direct cost of revenue, excluding depreciation and amortization;
- selling and marketing;
- general and administrative; and
- depreciation and amortization.
Direct Cost of Revenue
Direct cost of revenue consists primarily of network costs associated with
carrying our customers' traffic on our network and leased networks, and routing
their calls through a local telephone company to reach their final destination.
These costs exclude depreciation and include:
- amounts paid to other carriers to terminate traffic on a per-minute
basis;
- the cost of leased routers and access servers;
- telecommunications costs, including the cost of local telephone lines to
carry subscriber calls to our network;
- the costs associated with leased lines connecting our network directly to
the Internet or to our operations centers and connecting our operations
centers to the Internet;
- Internet backbone costs, which are the amounts we pay to Internet service
providers for capacity; and
- costs associated with the manufacturing and licensing of equipment.
We expect our direct cost of revenue to increase in absolute terms over
time to support our growing customer base. While some of these costs are fixed,
other costs vary on a per minute basis. Therefore, there may be some fluctuation
in our direct cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue, particularly as we
aggressively expand our network. We try to terminate calls on our own network
whenever possible. When we cannot terminate calls on our network, we terminate
calls on the network of other suppliers, primarily IDT.
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<PAGE> 36
We expect to continue to utilize this process. We also expect the percentage of
our traffic that we terminate with IDT will decline in the future as we expand
our own network and as we leverage our relationship with AT&T.
Selling and Marketing. Selling and marketing includes the expenses
associated with acquiring customers, including commissions paid to our sales
personnel, advertising costs, referral fees and amounts paid to our strategic
partners in connection with revenue-sharing arrangements. We expect selling and
marketing expenses to increase over time as we aggressively market our products
and services. Historically, selling and marketing expenses have been a
relatively variable cost and are expected to increase in the near future both in
terms of absolute dollars and as a percentage of revenue as our revenue grows.
We expect to spend significant capital to build brand recognition. Most of our
sales and marketing expenses will go toward securing significant and strategic
relationships with a variety of Internet companies. Over time, we expect these
sales and marketing expenses to decrease as a percentage of revenue.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist of
the salaries of our employees and associated benefits, and the cost of
insurance, travel, entertainment, rent and utilities. A large portion of our
general and administrative expenses include operations and customer support.
These include the expenses associated with customer service and technical
support, and consist primarily of the salaries and employment costs of the
employees responsible for those efforts. We expect operations and customer
support expenses to increase over time to support new and existing customers. We
expect general and administrative costs to increase to support our growth,
particularly as we establish a larger organization to implement our business
plan. We include our research and development costs, comprised primarily of
payroll expenses for our technical team of engineers and developers, in general
and administrative expenses. We plan to incur additional costs for research and
development, though they are not expected to increase as a percentage of
revenue. Over time, we expect these relatively fixed general and administrative
expenses to decrease as a percentage of revenue.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization primarily
relates to our hardware infrastructure. We depreciate our network equipment over
its estimated useful life ranging from five to fifteen years using the
straight-line method. We plan to acquire a domestic high capacity network to
provide additional capacity to handle the expected increase in customer traffic
as our business grows. In addition, we will be adding more network hardware as
traffic volumes justify. We expect depreciation to increase in absolute terms as
we expand our network to support new and acquired customers, but to decrease as
a percentage of total revenue. Amortization includes amortization of intangible
assets in connection with our acquisition of Aplio which was completed in July
2000.
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<PAGE> 37
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth certain items in our statement of operations
as a percentage of total revenue for the periods indicated:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FISCAL YEAR ENDED JULY 31,
----------------------------
1998 1999 2000
------ ------- -------
(PERCENT)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Statement of Operations Data:
Revenue:
Service Revenue......................................... 87.4 98.2 84.6
Product Revenue......................................... 12.6 1.8 15.4
----- ------ ------
Total revenue........................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0
----- ------ ------
Costs and expenses:
Service cost of revenue, excluding depreciation and
amortization......................................... 54.8 52.8 47.9
Product cost of revenue, excluding depreciation and
amortization......................................... 2.2 0.8 8.7
----- ------ ------
Total Direct Costs of revenue........................ 57.0 53.6 56.6
Selling and marketing................................... 24.0 26.5 94.9
General and administrative.............................. 42.4 32.6 50.2
Depreciation and amortization........................... 6.1 7.0 9.4
Compensation charge from the issuance of stock
options.............................................. -- 53.9 66.4
----- ------ ------
Total costs and expenses............................. 129.5 173.6 277.5
----- ------ ------
Loss from operations...................................... (29.5) (73.6) (177.5)
Interest expense.......................................... -- (1.3) (0.4)
Interest income........................................... -- 0.6 13.8
Other income.............................................. -- -- 0.7
----- ------ ------
Net loss.................................................. (29.5) (74.3) (163.4)
Redeemable preferred stock dividends...................... -- (87.8) --
----- ------ ------
Net loss available to common stockholders............ (29.5) (162.1) (163.4)
===== ====== ======
</TABLE>
COMPARISON OF FISCAL YEARS ENDED JULY 31, 2000 AND 1999
Revenue. Our revenues are derived from per-minute charges we billed to our
customers on a pre-paid basis and from the sale of internet telephony equipment,
such as YAP Gear and services to resellers, IDT and other carriers. Revenue
increased approximately 118 percent from $33.3 million for fiscal 1999 to $72.4
million for fiscal 2000. The increase in revenue was primarily due to an
increase in billed minutes of use resulting from additional marketing of our
products and services and the introduction of our YAP product line of internet
telephony devices. Specifically, revenue from services increased approximately
88 percent from approximately $32.6 million for fiscal 1999 to approximately
$61.3 million in revenue for fiscal 2000. Revenue from products increased
approximately 1,733 percent from approximately $0.6 million for fiscal 1999 to
approximately $11.1 million for fiscal 2000 primarily due to the introduction of
our line of YAP gear in the third and fourth quarters of 2000. We anticipate
that services revenue will increase in absolute terms as our services become
more widely distributed. However, as a percentage of revenue, we expect revenue
from these services to decline over the next several years as we begin to market
additional products and services and pursue additional sources of revenue.
Direct Cost of Revenue, Excluding Depreciation and Amortization. Our
direct cost of revenue consists primarily of network costs associated with
carrying our customers' traffic on our network and leased networks, routing
their calls through a local telephone company to reach their final destination
and wholesale cost of internet telephony devices. Total direct cost of revenue,
excluding depreciation and amortization, increased by 130 percent from $17.8
million for fiscal 1999 to $41.0 million in fiscal 2000. As a percentage of
total revenue,
36
<PAGE> 38
these costs increased from approximately 53.6 percent for fiscal 1999 to
approximately 56.6 percent for fiscal 2000. This increase is primarily
attributable to monthly recurring costs from leased lines and other connectivity
in anticipation of increased traffic volumes from our various distribution
relationships. As a percentage of revenue, we expect direct cost of revenue to
increase as a result of a decline in per-minute charges to customers. We also
expect to incur additional costs in connection with the growth of our business,
especially in connection with increasing our own network capacity to handle
increased traffic volumes which are expected to result from our recent
relationships with AT&T, Yahoo!, AOL, and MSN.
Selling and Marketing. Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of
expenses associated with acquiring customers, including commissions paid to our
sales personnel, advertising costs, referral fees and amounts paid to our
strategic partners, some of which contain revenue-sharing arrangements. Selling
and marketing expenses increased approximately 678 percent from approximately
$8.8 million for fiscal 1999 to approximately $68.7 million for fiscal 2000.
However, we incurred a one-time charge of $27.8 million in the fourth quarter of
fiscal 2000 which was associated with our termination of certain marketing
agreements with smaller Web properties, which had been important in our initial
stage of development as a way of promoting brand awareness and consumer
acceptance of our retail services, but have since been rendered superfluous to
our marketing plan. As a percentage of total revenue, these costs increased from
approximately 26.5 percent for fiscal 1999 to approximately 94.9 percent for
fiscal 2000. This increase primarily reflects the increased marketing and
advertising expenses associated with the agreements established with
priceline.com, Compuserve, Infospace.com, Yahoo!, Excite, Snap and other
strategic partners, as well as the $27.8 million one-time charge. We expect to
continue to increase significantly our advertising and marketing expenditures to
build additional brand recognition, and to enhance the distribution of our
products and services.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist of
the salaries of our employees and associated benefits, and the cost of
insurance, travel, entertainment, rent and utilities. General and administrative
expenses increased approximately 235 percent from approximately $10.8 million
for fiscal 1999 to approximately $36.3 million for fiscal 2000. As a percentage
of total revenue, these costs increased from approximately 32.6 percent for
fiscal 1999 to approximately 50.2 percent for fiscal 2000. This increase was
primarily attributable to the additional organizational infrastructure and
increase in personnel as we continue to build our operations, customer service,
marketing and business development functions, the building of our Broadband and
Enterprise groups, and adding new office space. Moreover, in absolute terms, our
research and development expenses will increase as we hire the additional
engineers necessary to continue the development of new products and services.
However, these research and development expenses are not expected to
significantly increase as a percentage of our total revenue.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased
approximately 194 percent from approximately $2.3 million for fiscal 1999 to
approximately $6.8 million for fiscal 2000. As a percentage of total revenue,
these costs increased to 9.4 percent in fiscal 2000 from 7.0 percent in fiscal
1999. Depreciation and amortization will continue to increase as we increase
capital expenditures for the deployment of network equipment both domestically
and internationally to manage increased call volumes, as well as the
amortization of intangible assets, associated with the acquisition of Aplio.
Compensation Charge from the Issuance of Stock Options. We recognized
$48.1 million of non-cash compensation expense in fiscal 2000 and $17.9 million
in fiscal 1999. As a percentage of total revenue, the compensation charge from
issuance of stock options was 66.4 percent in fiscal 2000 and 53.9 percent in
fiscal 1999.
Loss from Operations. Loss from operations was approximately $128.5
million for fiscal 2000 as compared to loss from operations of approximately
$24.5 million for fiscal 1999. Excluding the non-cash compensation charge and
the one time costs described above, our loss from operations for fiscal 2000 and
fiscal 1999 would have been $52.6 million and $6.6 million, respectively. This
change is due to the substantial increase in both selling and marketing expenses
as well as general and administrative expenses we incurred as we expanded our
distribution relationships, corporate infrastructure and human resources. We
anticipate continued and increasing losses as we pursue our growth strategy.
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COMPARISON OF FISCAL YEARS ENDED JULY 31, 1999 AND 1998
Revenue. Revenue increased approximately 177 percent from approximately
$12.0 million in fiscal 1998 to approximately $33.3 million for fiscal 1999. The
increase in revenue was primarily due to an increase in minutes of use resulting
from additional marketing of our products and services. Specifically, revenue
from services increased approximately 211 percent from approximately $10.5
million for fiscal 1998 to approximately $32.6 million in revenue for fiscal
1999. Additionally, revenue from product decreased approximately 60 percent from
$1.5 million for fiscal 1998 to approximately $0.6 million in revenue for fiscal
1999.
Direct Cost of Revenue, Excluding Depreciation and Amortization. Total
direct cost of revenue, excluding depreciation and amortization, increased by
160 percent from $6.8 million for fiscal 1998 to approximately $17.8 million for
fiscal 1999. As a percentage of total revenue, these costs decreased from
approximately 57.0 percent for fiscal 1998 to approximately 53.6 percent for
fiscal 1999. This decrease is primarily attributable to improved efficiencies in
terminating traffic and utilization of network assets.
Selling and Marketing. Selling and marketing expenses increased
approximately 206 percent from approximately $2.9 million for fiscal 1998 to
approximately $8.8 million for fiscal 1999. As a percentage of total revenue,
these costs increased from approximately 24.0 percent for fiscal 1998 to
approximately 26.5 percent for fiscal 1999. This increase primarily reflects the
increased marketing and advertising expenses associated with the agreements
established with Netscape, ICQ, InfoSpace.com, Yahoo!, Excite and other
strategic partners.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses increased
approximately 113 percent from approximately $5.1 million for fiscal 1998 to
approximately $10.8 million for fiscal 1999. As a percentage of total revenue,
these costs decreased from approximately 42.4 percent for fiscal 1998 to
approximately 32.6 percent for fiscal 1999. This decrease primarily reflects the
efficiencies we have begun to realize from leveraging our sales and support
infrastructure.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased
approximately 219 percent from approximately $727,000 for fiscal 1998 to
approximately $2.3 million for fiscal 1999. As a percentage of total revenue,
these costs remained relatively constant in fiscal 1998 and fiscal 1999. This
increase is primarily attributable to the increase in capital expenditures for
the deployment of network equipment both domestically and internationally to
manage increased call volumes.
Compensation Charge from the Issuance of Stock Options. We recognized
$17.9 million of non-cash compensation expense in fiscal 1999 as a result of
option grants made in May 1999 and July 1999. As a percentage of total revenue,
the compensation charge from issuance of stock options was 53.9 percent in
fiscal 1999. No compensation charge from the issuance of stock options was
recognized in fiscal 1998.
Loss from Operations. Loss from operations was approximately $3.5 million
for fiscal 1998 as compared to loss from operations of approximately $24.5
million for fiscal 1999. Excluding the non-cash compensation charge described
above, our loss from operations for fiscal 1999 would have been $6.5 million.
This change is due to the substantial increase in both selling and marketing
expenses as well as general and administrative expenses we incurred as we
expanded our distribution relationships, corporate infrastructure and human
resources.
QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth certain quarterly financial data for the
eight quarters ended July 31, 2000. This quarterly information is unaudited, has
been prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements, and, in our
opinion, reflects all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring accruals)
38
<PAGE> 40
necessary for a fair presentation of the information for periods presented.
Operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of results for
any future period.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
QUARTER ENDED
-------------------------------------------------------
OCT. 31, JAN. 31, APRIL 30, JULY 31,
1998 1999 1999 1999
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Revenue:
Service.............................. $ 5,426,429 $7,401,991 $8,929,301 $ 10,890,584
Product.............................. 236,990 100,475 108,071 162,616
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------
Total revenue..................... 5,663,419 7,502,466 9,037,372 11,053,200
Costs and expenses:
Direct cost of revenue...............
Service cost of revenue.............. 3,214,247 3,913,201 4,463,938 5,766,385
Product cost of revenue.............. 139,000 57,303 60,400 203,536
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------
Total Direct Cost of Revenue........... 3,353,247 3,970,504 4,524,338 5,969,921
Selling and marketing.................. 1,299,903 1,691,810 1,754,603 4,081,851
General and administrative............. 1,900,234 2,286,770 3,111,102 3,537,966
Depreciation and amortization.......... 338,469 400,584 477,659 1,099,833
Compensation charge from the issuance
of stock options.................. -- -- -- 17,919,541
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------
Total costs and expenses............. 6,891,853 8,349,668 9,867,702 32,609,112
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------
Income (loss) from operations.......... $(1,228,434) $ (847,202) $ (830,330) $(21,555,912)
Net interest expense................... -- -- (243,314)
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------
Net income (loss)...................... $(1,228,434) $ (847,202) $ (830,330) $(21,799,226)
=========== ========== ========== ============
<CAPTION>
AS A PERCENTAGE OF REVENUE
-------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Revenue:
Service.............................. 95.8% 98.6% 98.8% 98.5%
Product.............................. 4.2 1.4 1.2 1.5
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------
Total revenue........................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Costs and expenses:
Direct cost of revenue...............
Service cost of revenue.............. 56.8 52.2 49.4 52.2
Product cost of revenue.............. 2.5 0.7 0.7 1.8
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------
Total Direct Cost of Revenue........... 59.2 52.9 50.1 54.0
Selling and marketing.................. 23.0 22.6 19.4 36.9
General and administrative............. 33.6 30.5 34.4 32.0
Depreciation and amortization.......... 6.0 5.3 5.3 10.0
Compensation charge from the issuance
of stock options.................. -- -- -- 162.1
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------
Total costs and expenses............. 121.8 111.3 109.2 295.0
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------
Income (loss) from operations.......... (21.8) (11.3) (9.2) (195.0)
Net interest expense................... -- -- -- (2.2)
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------
Net income (loss)...................... (21.8)% (11.3)% (9.2)% (197.2)%
=========== ========== ========== ============
</TABLE>
39
<PAGE> 41
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
QUARTER ENDED
-----------------------------------------------------------
OCT. 31, JAN. 31, APRIL 30, JULY 31,
1999 2000 2000 2000
----------- ------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Revenue:
Service.......................... $12,379,956 $ 14,546,160 $ 16,157,012 $ 18,169,968
Product.......................... 756,962 925,651 2,712,789 6,752,692
----------- ------------ ------------ ------------
Total revenue................. 13,136,918 15,471,811 18,869,801 24,922,660
Costs and expenses:
Direct cost of revenue...........
Service Cost of revenue.......... 6,330,498 7,686,848 9,831,614 10,851,441
Product Cost of revenue.......... 503,613 705,208 1,111,498 3,966,073
----------- ------------ ------------ ------------
Total Direct Cost of Revenue....... 6,834,111 8,392,056 10,943,112 14,817,514
Selling and marketing.............. 6,266,476 9,229,220 11,133,197 42,048,276(1)
General and administrative......... 5,707,539 8,010,959 9,779,478 12,823,201
Depreciation and amortization...... 850,031 1,126,335 1,559,995 3,268,051(2)
Compensation charge from the
issuance of stock options..... 2,930,574 4,410,858 4,368,886 36,414,015
----------- ------------ ------------ ------------
Total costs and expenses......... 22,588,731 31,169,428 37,784,668 109,371,057
Income (loss) from operations...... (9,451,813) (15,697,617) (18,914,867) (84,448,397)
Net interest income................ 1,086,543 2,555,193 3,148,803 3,388,150
----------- ------------ ------------ ------------
Net income (loss).................. $(8,365,270) $(13,142,424) $(15,766,064) $(81,060,247)
=========== ============ ============ ============
<CAPTION>
AS A PERCENTAGE OF REVENUE
-----------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Revenue:
Service.......................... 94.2% 94.0% 85.6% 72.9%
Product.......................... 5.8 6.0 14.4 27.1
----------- ------------ ------------ ------------
Total revenue.................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.00
Costs and expenses:
Direct cost of revenue...........
Service Cost of revenue.......... 48.2 49.7 52.1 43.6
Product Cost of revenue.......... 3.8 4.6 5.9 15.9
----------- ------------ ------------ ------------
Total Direct Cost of Revenue....... 52.0 54.3 58.0 59.5
Selling and marketing.............. 47.7 59.7 59.0 168.7(1)
General and administrative......... 43.4 51.8 51.8 51.5
Depreciation and amortization...... 6.5 7.3 8.3 13.1(2)
Compensation charge from the
issuance of stock options..... 22.3 28.5 23.2 146.1
----------- ------------ ------------ ------------
Total costs and expenses......... 171.9 201.6 200.3 438.9
----------- ------------ ------------ ------------
Income (loss) from operations...... (71.9) (101.6) (100.3) (338.9)
Net interest expense............... 8.3 16.5 16.7 13.6
----------- ------------ ------------ ------------
Net income (loss).................. (63.6)% (85.1)% (83.6)% (325.3)%
=========== ============ ============ ============
</TABLE>
---------------
(1) Includes approximately $28 million of costs incurred to terminate
advertising arrangements.
(2) Includes amortization of goodwill from the Aplio acquisition in the amount
of $941,019.
We have experienced growth in total revenue in each quarter since
inception, reflecting greater acceptance and usage of our products and services
by our expanded customer base. We expect our revenue to grow over time as use of
our services increase and our products such as YAP become more popular. However,
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<PAGE> 42
we may experience declines in average revenue per minute due to competitive
pressures, promotions and marketing initiatives, increased commissions paid to
our international resellers and increased amounts paid to our strategic partners
under existing and future revenue-sharing arrangements.
Our services revenue has increased in each quarter since inception and,
over the last six quarters, has slightly decreased as a percentage of our total
revenue. This growth is primarily a result of expanded network coverage to
create an increased number of access points for our customers, enhanced service
offerings, lower prices and increased selling and marketing efforts to promote
our services.
Our product revenue has also increased in each quarter since January 31,
1999. Growth of our product and service revenue in future periods depends, in
part, upon the recently released distribution of our PC-to-phone service through
the integration of our PC-to-Phone software in ICQ's, Yahoo!'s, and MSN's
instant messaging software and Netscape's Internet browser. Further, any delay
by our strategic partners in releasing the next version of their respective
products could delay the associated services revenue we could expect to receive
from these sources. In addition, other factors could delay our growth of
services revenue. These factors may include regulatory or other actions by
foreign regulatory agencies or government-controlled telecommunications
companies.
In the quarter ended July 31, 2000, direct cost of revenue as a percentage
of revenue accounted for approximately 59.5 percent as compared to approximately
54.0 percent in the quarter ended July 31, 1999. This increase is primarily
attributable to monthly recurring costs from leased lines and other connectivity
in anticipation of increased traffic volumes from our various distribution
relationships with major partners such as AOL, Yahoo!, and MSN. Our increased
sales and marketing expenses reflect the relationships we have with various
online strategic partners with whom we advertise our PC-to-Phone and
Phone-to-Phone services, as well as the formation of our Broadband & Enterprise
groups, and our acquisition of Aplio. We expect to continue to increase
significantly our advertising and marketing expenditures to build additional
recognition of our products and services.
As a result of our limited operating history and the emerging nature of the
markets in which we compete, we are unable to accurately forecast our revenue
and direct cost of revenue as they may be impacted by a variety of factors.
These factors include the level of use of the Internet as a communications
medium, seasonal trends, capacity constraints, the amount and timing of our
capital expenditures, introduction of new services by us or our competitors,
price competition, technical difficulties or system downtime, and the
development of regulatory restrictions.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
As of July 31, 2000, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable
securities of approximately $249.3 million and working capital of approximately
$106.4 million. In fiscal year 2000, we invested approximately $21.0 million in
five companies (plus Yahoo! and WebEx) primarily to enhance strategic
relationships and to provide access to emerging technologies in order to
strengthen our products and services. We generated negative cash flow from
operating activities of approximately $59.2 million during the fiscal 2000,
compared with negative cash flow from operating activities of $2.3 million
during fiscal 1999. The decrease in cash flow from operating activities was
primarily caused by an increase in the net loss before depreciation and
amortization and non-cash compensation expense and an increase in prepaid and
other assets.
The Company's capital expenditures increased from approximately $14.5
million in fiscal 1999 to approximately $47.4 million in fiscal 2000, as we
expanded our domestic and international network infrastructure.
Historically, we financed our operations through advances from IDT since
our inception in January 1996. In May 1999, we received $29.9 million in net
proceeds from the sale of our Series A convertible preferred stock and warrants.
We applied a portion of the net proceeds from this sale to repay $8.0 million of
the $22.0 million of advances from IDT that were outstanding as of April 30,
1999. The remaining $14.0 million due to IDT was converted into a promissory
note in May 1999. The entire principal balance was repaid during fiscal 2000.
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<PAGE> 43
We offered 6,210,000 shares of our common stock in an initial public
offering, which became effective on July 29, 1999. On August 3, 1999 we received
net proceeds of approximately $83.8 million from the sale of the 6,210,000
shares at the initial public offering price of $15.00 per share.
On December 1, 1999, we completed a secondary public offering of 7,245,000
shares of common stock at a price of $55.00 per share. Selling stockholders sold
3,845,000 shares and we sold 3,400,000 shares of common stock. Our proceeds from
the offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and
offering expenses, were approximately $177.4 million.
On August 11, 2000, a subsidiary of AT&T Corp. completed its $1.4 billion
investment in us. The AT&T subsidiary purchased 4,000,000 newly-issued shares of
our Class A common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $300,000,000.
A portion of the options outstanding under our stock option plan held by
our officers and employees contain change of control provisions that gave rise
to accelerated vesting as a result of the transactions with AT&T and IDT. The
accelerated vesting of stock options due to the transactions resulted in a
one-time non-cash charge against earnings in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2000
of approximately $12.5 million. In addition, we previously granted to IDT
employees options to purchase our common stock pursuant to our stock option
plan. Since the transactions with AT&T and IDT would have caused the options
held by IDT employees to terminate, our Board agreed to take all necessary
action to ensure that the rights of the employees of IDT under the plan were not
terminated or affected in any way as a result of the transactions. The extension
of such stock options resulted in a non-cash charge against earnings, prior to
the closing of the transactions of approximately $18.3 million, and additional
significant charges over the remaining vesting period of such options.
We believe that, based upon our present business plan, our existing cash
resources, which include $300 million received in connection with the AT&T
transaction in first quarter of fiscal 2001, will be sufficient to meet our
currently anticipated working capital and capital expenditure requirements for
at least twelve months.
EFFECTS OF INFLATION
Due to relatively low levels of inflation over the last several years,
inflation has not had a material effect on our results of operations.
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<PAGE> 44
RISK FACTORS
In addition to the other information in this report, the following factors
should be carefully considered in evaluating our business and prospects.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR FINANCIAL CONDITION AND OUR BUSINESS
OUR LIMITED OPERATING HISTORY MAKES EVALUATING OUR BUSINESS DIFFICULT.
IDT formed us as a subsidiary in October 1997. Prior to that, we conducted
business as a division of IDT. Therefore, we have only a limited operating
history with which you may evaluate our business. You must consider the numerous
risks and uncertainties an early stage company like ours faces in the new and
rapidly evolving market for Internet-related services. These risks include our
ability to:
- increase awareness of our brand and continue to build user loyalty;
- maintain our current, and develop new, strategic relationships;
- respond effectively to competitive pressures; and
- continue to develop and upgrade our network and technology.
If we are unsuccessful in addressing these risks, sales of our products and
services, as well as our ability to maintain or increase our customer base, will
be substantially diminished.
WE HAVE NEVER BEEN PROFITABLE AND EXPECT OUR LOSSES TO CONTINUE FOR THE
FORESEEABLE FUTURE.
We have never been profitable on an annual basis. We had an accumulated
deficit of approximately $148.8 million as of July 31, 2000. We expect to
continue to incur operating losses for the foreseeable future. Our operating and
marketing expenses have continuously increased since inception and we expect
them to continue to increase significantly during the next several years.
Accordingly, we will need to generate significant revenue to achieve
profitability. We may not be able to do so. Even if we do achieve profitability,
we cannot assure you that we will be able to sustain or increase profitability
on a quarterly or annual basis in the future.
In addition, we recognized significant charges relating to non-cash
executive compensation expense in fiscal 2000 and will recognize additional
significant charges on an ongoing basis, in connection with the grants of
options to purchase shares of our common stock. With respect to these options,
we recognized a charge of approximately $17.9 million in the fourth quarter of
fiscal 1999 and $48.1 million during fiscal 2000, and will recognize charges of
approximately $15.5 million during fiscal 2001, approximately $12.7 million
during fiscal 2002, $1.5 million during fiscal 2003, and $483,000 in fiscal
2004.
WE INTEND TO PURSUE NEW STREAMS OF REVENUE, WHICH WE HAVE NOT ATTEMPTED TO
GENERATE BEFORE AND WHICH MAY NOT BE PROFITABLE.
In addition to our minutes-based revenue, we are beginning to generate new
Web-based revenue opportunities from banner (with our Net2Phone free domestic PC
to Phone, Yahoo! Instant Messenger and MSN Instant Messenger offerings) and
audio advertising, as well as from sponsorship opportunities on our PC to Phone
software user. Furthermore, with Adir Technologies, we will be commercializing
our existing network management software. Adir will market its products to
service providers, telecommunications companies, and equipment manufacturers. We
also intend to explore the availability of revenue-sharing opportunities with
online retailers. We intend to devote significant capital and resources to
create these new revenue streams and we cannot ensure that these investments
will be profitable.
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<PAGE> 45
WE MAY HAVE DIFFICULTIES MANAGING OUR EXPANDING OPERATIONS, WHICH MAY REDUCE OUR
CHANCES OF ACHIEVING PROFITABILITY.
Our future performance will depend, in part, on our ability to manage our
growth effectively. To that end, we will have to undertake the following tasks,
among others:
- develop our operating, administrative, financial and accounting systems
and controls;
- improve coordination among our engineering, accounting, finance,
marketing and operations personnel;
- enhance our management information systems capabilities; and
- hire and train additional qualified personnel.
If we cannot accomplish these tasks, our chances of achieving profitability
may be diminished.
IF WE FAIL TO ESTABLISH AND MAINTAIN STRATEGIC RELATIONSHIPS OUR ABILITY TO MEET
ANALYST EXPECTATIONS AND OUR SALES WOULD SUFFER.
We currently have strategic relationships with AT&T, MSN, AOL, ICQ, Yahoo!,
Cisco and others. We depend on these relationships to:
- expand our customer base;
- distribute our products to potential customers;
- increase usage of our services;
- build brand awareness; and
- cooperatively market our products and services.
We believe that our success depends, in part, on our ability to develop and
maintain strategic relationships with leading Internet companies and computer
hardware and software companies, as well as key marketing distribution partners.
In cases where our products and services are integrated into our strategic
partners' product and service offerings, our ability to meet analyst
expectations and our sales depend upon a timely release of these offerings. If
any of our strategic relationships are discontinued or if the release of these
partners' offerings that integrate our products and services are delayed, sales
of our products and services and our ability to maintain or increase our
customer base may be substantially diminished.
COMPETITION COULD REDUCE OUR MARKET SHARE AND DECREASE OUR REVENUE.
The market for our services has been extremely competitive. Many companies
offer products and services like ours, and many of these companies have a
substantial presence in this market. In addition, many of these companies are
larger than we are and have substantially greater financial, distribution and
marketing resources than we do. We therefore may not be able to compete
successfully in this market. If we do not succeed in competing with these
companies, we will lose customers and our revenue will be substantially reduced.
Our competitors include the following:
- Internet Telephony Service Providers. Internet telephony service
providers such as AT&T Jens (a Japanese affiliate of AT&T),
deltathree.com (a subsidiary of RSL Communications), I-Link, iBasis
(formerly known as VIP Calling), ICG Communications, IPVoice.com, ITXC
and OzEmail (which was acquired by MCI WorldCom) route voice traffic over
the Internet.
- Software/Hardware Providers. Companies such as VocalTec, Netspeak and e-
Net produce software and other computer equipment that may be installed
on a user's computer to permit voice communications over the Internet.
- Telecommunications Companies. A number of telecommunications companies,
including AT&T, Deutsche Telekom, MCI WorldCom and Qwest, currently
maintain, or plan to maintain, packet-switched networks to route the
voice traffic of other telecommunications companies.
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<PAGE> 46
- Network Hardware Manufacturers. A number of large telecommunications
providers and equipment manufacturers, including Alcatel, Cisco, Lucent,
Northern Telecom and Dialogic (which was acquired by Intel), have
announced that they intend to offer products similar to ours. We expect
these products to allow live voice communications over the Internet
between parties using a personal computer and a telephone and between two
parties using telephones. Cisco Systems has also taken additional steps
by recently acquiring companies that produce devices that help Internet
service providers carry voice over the Internet while maintaining
traditional phone usage and infrastructure.
- Voice-Enabled Online Commerce Providers. Several companies, including
USA Global Link and AT&T's Inter@active Communications, have begun to
apply Internet telephony technologies in connection with online commerce
transactions. These providers compete with services of ours such as
Click2Talk by integrating voice communications into commercial Web sites.
PRICING PRESSURES MAY LESSEN OUR COMPETITIVE PRICING ADVANTAGE.
Our success is based partly on our ability to provide discounted domestic
and international long distance services by taking advantage of cost savings
achieved by carrying voice traffic over the Internet, as compared to carrying
calls over long distance networks, such as those owned by AT&T, Sprint and MCI
WorldCom. In recent years, the price of long distance calls has fallen. In
response, we have lowered the price of our service offerings. For example, AT&T,
Sprint and MCI WorldCom have adopted pricing plans in which the rates that they
charge for U.S. domestic long distance calls are not always substantially higher
than the rates that we charge for our U.S. domestic service. The price of long
distance calls may decline to a point where we no longer have a price advantage
over these traditional long distance services. Alternatively, other providers of
long distance services may begin to offer unlimited or nearly unlimited use of
some of their services for an attractive monthly rate. We would then have to
rely on factors other than price to differentiate our product and service
offerings, which we may not be able to do.
WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO COMPETE WITH PROVIDERS THAT CAN BUNDLE LONG DISTANCE
SERVICES WITH OTHER OFFERINGS.
Our competitors may be able to bundle services and products that we do not
offer together with long distance or Internet telephony services. These services
could include wireless communications, voice and data services, Internet access
and cable television. This form of bundling would put us at a competitive
disadvantage if these providers can combine a variety of service offerings at a
single attractive price. In addition, some of the telecommunications and other
companies that compete with us may be able to provide customers with lower
communications costs or other incentives with their services, reducing the
overall cost of their communications packages, and significantly increasing
pricing pressures on our services. This form of competition could significantly
reduce our revenues.
IF OUR CUSTOMERS DO NOT PERCEIVE OUR SERVICE TO BE EFFECTIVE OR OF HIGH QUALITY,
OUR BRAND AND NAME RECOGNITION WOULD SUFFER.
We believe that establishing and maintaining a brand and name recognition
is critical for attracting and expanding our targeted client base. We also
believe that the importance of reputation and name recognition will increase as
competition in our market increases. Promotion and enhancement of our name will
depend on the effectiveness of our marketing and advertising efforts and on our
success in continuing to provide high-quality products and services, neither of
which can be assured.
WE DEPEND ON OUR INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS, WHICH SUBJECT US TO UNPREDICTABLE
REGULATORY AND POLITICAL SITUATIONS.
As of July 31, 2000, approximately 38 percent of our customers were based
outside of the United States, generating approximately 34 percent of our revenue
during fiscal 2000. A significant component of our strategy is to continue to
expand internationally. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in
expanding into additional international markets. In addition to the uncertainty
regarding our ability to generate revenue from
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<PAGE> 47
foreign operations and expand our international presence, there are certain
risks inherent in doing business on an international basis, including:
- changing regulatory requirements, which vary widely from country to
country;
- action by foreign governments or foreign telecommunications companies to
limit access to our services;
- increased bad debt and subscription fraud;
- legal uncertainty regarding liability, tariffs and other trade barriers;
- political instability; and
- potentially adverse tax consequences.
We cannot assure you that one or more of these factors will not materially
adversely affect the growth of our business or our customer base.
ALL OF THE TELEPHONE CALLS MADE BY OUR CUSTOMERS ARE CONNECTED THROUGH LOCAL
TELEPHONE COMPANIES AND, AT LEAST IN PART, THROUGH LEASED NETWORKS THAT MAY
BECOME UNAVAILABLE.
We are not a local telephone company or a registered local exchange
carrier. Our network covers only portions of the United States. Accordingly, we
must route parts of some domestic and all international calls made by our
customers over leased transmission facilities. In addition, because our network
does not extend to homes or businesses, we must route calls through a local
telephone company to reach our network and, ultimately, to reach their final
destinations.
In many of the foreign jurisdictions in which we conduct or plan to conduct
business, the primary provider of significant intra-national transmission
facilities is the national telephone company. Accordingly, we may have to lease
transmission capacity at artificially high rates from a monopolistic provider
and, consequently, we may not be able to generate a profit on those calls. In
addition, national telephone companies may not be required by law to lease
necessary transmission lines to us or, if applicable law requires national
telephone companies to lease transmission facilities to us, we may encounter
delays in negotiating leases and interconnection agreements and commencing
operations. Additionally, disputes may result with respect to pricing terms and
billing.
In the United States, the providers of local telephone service are
generally the incumbent local telephone companies, including the regional Bell
operating companies. The permitted pricing of local transmission facilities that
we lease in the United States is subject to uncertainties. The Federal
Communications Commission has issued an order requiring incumbent local
telephone companies to price those facilities at total element long-run
incremental cost, and the United States Supreme Court upheld the FCC's
jurisdiction to set a pricing standard for local transmission facilities
provided to competitors. However, the incumbent local telephone companies can be
expected to bring additional legal challenges to the FCC's total element
long-run incremental cost standard and, if they succeed, the result may be to
increase the cost of incumbent local transmission facilities obtained by us.
OUR SUCCESS DEPENDS ON OUR ABILITY TO HANDLE A LARGE NUMBER OF SIMULTANEOUS
CALLS, WHICH OUR SYSTEMS MAY NOT BE ABLE TO ACCOMMODATE.
We expect the volume of simultaneous calls to increase significantly as we
expand our operations. Our network hardware and software may not be able to
accommodate this additional volume. If we fail to maintain an appropriate level
of operating performance, or if our service is disrupted, our reputation could
be hurt and we could lose customers.
BECAUSE WE ARE UNABLE TO DEFINITIVELY PREDICT THE VOLUME OF USAGE AND OUR
CAPACITY NEEDS, WE MAY BE FORCED TO ENTER INTO DISADVANTAGEOUS CONTRACTS THAT
WOULD REDUCE OUR OPERATING MARGINS.
In order to ensure that we are able to handle additional usage, we have
agreed to pay IDT a one-time fee of approximately $7.6 million for a 20-year
right to use part of a new high capacity network that is under
46
<PAGE> 48
construction. We may have to enter into additional long-term agreements for
leased capacity. To the extent that we overestimate our call volume, we may be
obligated to pay for more transmission capacity than we actually use, resulting
in costs without corresponding revenue. Conversely, if we underestimate our
capacity needs, we may be required to obtain additional transmission capacity
through more expensive means that may not be available.
WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO OBTAIN SUFFICIENT FUNDS TO GROW OUR BUSINESS.
We intend to continue to grow our business. Due to our limited operating
history and the nature of our industry, our future capital needs are difficult
to predict. Therefore, we may require additional capital to fund any of the
following:
- unanticipated opportunities;
- strategic alliances;
- potential acquisitions;
- changing business conditions; and
- unanticipated competitive pressures.
Obtaining additional financing will be subject to a number of factors,
including market conditions, our operating performance and investor sentiment.
These factors may make the timing, amount, terms and conditions of additional
financings unattractive to us. If we are unable to raise additional capital, our
growth could be impeded.
ANY DAMAGE TO OR FAILURE OF OUR SYSTEMS OR OPERATIONS COULD RESULT IN REDUCTIONS
IN, OR TERMINATIONS OF, OUR SERVICES.
Our success depends on our ability to provide efficient and uninterrupted,
high-quality services. Our systems and operations are vulnerable to damage or
interruption from natural disasters, power loss, telecommunication failures,
physical or electronic break-ins, sabotage, intentional acts of vandalism and
similar events that may be or may not be beyond our control. The occurrence of
any or all of these events could hurt our reputation and cause us to lose
customers.
UNAUTHORIZED USE OF OUR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY BY THIRD PARTIES MAY DAMAGE OUR
BRAND.
We regard our copyrights, service marks, trademarks, trade secrets and
other intellectual property as critical to our success. We rely on trademark and
copyright law, trade secret protection and confidentiality agreements with our
employees, customers, partners and others to protect our intellectual property
rights. Despite our precautions, it may be possible for third parties to obtain
and use our intellectual property without authorization. Furthermore, the laws
of some foreign countries may not protect intellectual property rights to the
same extent as do the laws of the United States. It may be difficult for us to
enforce certain of our intellectual property rights against third parties who
may have acquired intellectual property rights by filing unauthorized
applications in foreign countries to register the marks that we use because of
their familiarity with our worldwide operations. Since Internet related
industries such as ours are exposed to the intellectual property laws of
numerous foreign countries and trademark rights are territorial, there is
uncertainty in the enforceability and scope of protection of our intellectual
property. The unauthorized use of our intellectual property by third parties may
damage our brand.
DEFENDING AGAINST INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INFRINGEMENT CLAIMS COULD BE EXPENSIVE
AND COULD DISRUPT OUR BUSINESS.
We cannot be certain that our products and services do not or will not
infringe upon valid patents, trademarks, copyrights or other intellectual
property rights held or claimed by third parties. Multi-Tech, Inc. has filed a
lawsuit against us alleging that we infringe upon its patents. We are incurring
substantial expenses
47
<PAGE> 49
defending this claim. If Multi-Tech is successful, we may be subject to
significant monetary liability and our business may be materially disrupted.
We may also be subject to other legal proceedings and claims from time to
time relating to the intellectual property of others in the ordinary course of
our business. We may incur substantial expenses in defending against those
third-party infringement claims, regardless of their merit. Successful
infringement claims against us may result in substantial monetary liability or
may materially disrupt the conduct of our business.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR RELATIONSHIP WITH AT&T
A subsidiary of AT&T has acquired approximately 32 percent of our
outstanding capital stock and 39 percent of our aggregate voting power. This
transaction contains certain risks associated with it including the following:
THERE IS UNCERTAINTY REGARDING AT&T LICENSES.
There is no commitment from AT&T to use our technology, and therefore there
is no assurance that AT&T will pay us any royalties, notwithstanding the fact
that its significant interest in us should give it an incentive to do so.
OUR RELATIONSHIP MAY DISCOURAGE OTHERS FROM SEEKING NONEXCLUSIVE LICENSES.
Our obligation to grant non-exclusive "most favored nation" licenses to
AT&T will preclude us from granting exclusive licenses to others and may
discourage others from seeking nonexclusive licenses, particularly if AT&T fails
to use our technology and AT&T's failure to use it is deemed to be a negative
reflection on the technology.
IT MAY BE A DISADVANTAGE TO HAVE A SUBSIDIARY OF AT&T AS OUR LARGEST
SHAREHOLDER.
As a financially strong company, AT&T may be less likely than others might
be to agree to an acquisition of Net2Phone as a whole by another company in a
transaction in which our public stockholders could realize a premium for their
shares.
WE MAY EXPERIENCE CONFLICTS OF INTEREST RESULTING FROM AT&T'S DESIGNATION OF
MEMBERS OF OUR BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
AT&T has the right to designate three members of our board of directors.
This presence on our board of directors may give rise to significant influence
and/or conflicts of interest with respect to certain decisions involving
business opportunities and similar matters that may arise in the ordinary course
of our business or the business of AT&T.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR RELATIONSHIP WITH IDT
WE HAVE CONTRACTED WITH IDT FOR VARIOUS SERVICES AND FOR THE USE OF ITS
TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK, WHICH CONTRACTS WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO RENEW WHEN
THEY EXPIRE.
In May 1999, we entered into agreements with IDT under which IDT will
continue to provide administrative and telecommunication services to us. These
agreements have an initial term of one year, and at the end of the initial term
and each year thereafter, will automatically renew for additional one-year
periods unless one party has given the other party prior termination notice.
When these agreements expire, we will need to extend them, engage other entities
to perform these services or perform these services ourselves. In addition,
after the initial term, these agreements are terminable by either party upon
prior written notice. We cannot assure you that IDT will not terminate these
agreements or continue to provide these services after the initial term of the
agreements. As a result, we may have to purchase these services from third
parties or devote
48
<PAGE> 50
resources to handle these functions internally, which may cost us more than we
paid IDT for the same services. In addition, IDT has provided us in the past
with working capital to fund our operations, and IDT is not under any
obligation, under these agreements or otherwise, to do so in the future.
WE MAY EXPERIENCE CONFLICTS OF INTEREST WITH IDT, WHICH MAY NOT BE RESOLVED IN
OUR FAVOR.
Two members of our board of directors are officers and/or directors of IDT.
Additionally, one of our directors, James R. Mellor, was a director of IDT until
June 1999. In addition, certain of our executive officers, directors and
employees hold shares of IDT common stock and options to acquire shares of IDT
common stock. These individuals may have conflicts of interest with respect to
certain decisions involving business opportunities and similar matters that may
arise in the ordinary course of our business or the business of IDT. If
conflicts arise with IDT, we expect to resolve those conflicts on a case-by-case
basis, and in the manner required by applicable law and customary business
practices, subject to our agreement with IDT to resolve disputes involving $5.0
million or less through mandatory, binding arbitration. Conflicts, if any, could
be resolved in a manner adverse to us and our stockholders, which could harm our
business.
IDT CURRENTLY OWNS APPROXIMATELY 16.5 PERCENT OF OUR OUTSTANDING CAPITAL STOCK
AND CONTROLS 21.2 PERCENT OF OUR VOTING POWER.
Therefore, IDT will have input in the election of our directors, the
appointment of new management and the approval of any other action requiring the
approval of our stockholders, including any amendments to our certificate of
incorporation and mergers or sales of our company or of all of our assets. In
addition, we could be prevented from entering into certain transactions that
could be beneficial to us. Third parties may be discouraged from making a tender
offer or bid to acquire us because of IDT's stockholdings and voting rights.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR INDUSTRY
IF THE INTERNET DOES NOT CONTINUE TO GROW AS A MEDIUM FOR VOICE COMMUNICATIONS,
OUR BUSINESS WILL SUFFER.
The technology that allows voice communications over the Internet is still
in its early stages of development. Historically, the sound quality of Internet
calls was poor. As the industry has grown, sound quality has improved, but the
technology requires additional refinement. Additionally, the Internet's capacity
constraints may impede the acceptance of Internet telephony. Callers could
experience delays, errors in transmissions or other interruptions in service.
Making telephone calls over the Internet must also be accepted as an alternative
to traditional telephone service. Because the Internet telephony market is new
and evolving, predicting the size of this market and its growth rate is
difficult. If our market fails to develop, then we will be unable to grow our
customer base and our opportunity for profitability will be harmed.
OUR BUSINESS WILL NOT GROW WITHOUT INCREASED USE OF THE INTERNET.
The use of the Internet as a commercial marketplace is at an early stage of
development. Demand and market acceptance for recently introduced products and
services over the Internet are still uncertain. We cannot predict whether
customers will be willing to shift their traditional activities online. The
Internet may not prove to be a viable commercial marketplace for a number of
reasons, including:
- concerns about security;
- Internet congestion;
- inconsistent service; and
- lack of cost-effective, high-speed access.
If the use of the Internet as a commercial marketplace does not continue to
grow, we may not be able to grow our customer base, which may prevent us from
achieving profitability.
49
<PAGE> 51
GOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS REGARDING THE INTERNET MAY BE PASSED, WHICH COULD
IMPEDE OUR BUSINESS.
The legal and regulatory environment that pertains to the Internet is
uncertain and is changing rapidly as use of the Internet increases. For example,
in the United States, the Federal Communications Commission is considering
whether to impose surcharges or additional regulations upon certain providers of
Internet telephony.
In addition, regulatory treatment of Internet telephony outside the United
States varies from country to country. For example, access to certain services
may be negatively impacted by government regulation. There can be no assurance
that there will not be future interruptions in foreign countries or that we will
be able to return to the level of service we had in any such countries prior to
any interruptions. These actions and other similar actions in foreign countries
may adversely affect our continuing ability to offer services in these and other
countries, causing us to lose customers and revenue.
New regulations could increase our costs of doing business and prevent us
from delivering our products and services over the Internet, which could
adversely affect our customer base and our revenue. The growth of the Internet
may also be significantly slowed. This could delay growth in demand for our
products and services and limit the growth of our revenue. In addition to new
regulations being adopted, existing laws may be applied to the Internet. New and
existing laws may cover issues that include:
- sales and other taxes;
- access charges;
- user privacy;
- pricing controls;
- characteristics and quality of products and services;
- consumer protection;
- contributions to the universal service fund, an FCC-administered fund for
the support of local telephone service in rural and high cost areas;
- cross-border commerce;
- copyright, trademark and patent infringement; and
- other claims based on the nature and content of Internet materials.
OUR RISK MANAGEMENT PRACTICES MAY NOT BE SUFFICIENT TO PROTECT US FROM
UNAUTHORIZED TRANSACTIONS OR THEFTS OF SERVICES.
We may be the victim of fraud or theft of service. From time to time,
callers have obtained our services without rendering payment by unlawfully using
our access numbers and personal identification numbers. We attempt to manage
these theft and fraud risks through our internal controls and our monitoring and
blocking systems. If these efforts are not successful, the theft of our services
may cause our revenue to decline significantly.
one vote per share. Except as otherwise required by law or as described below,
the holders of Class A common stock and common stock will vote together as a
single class on all matters presented to the stockholders for their vote or
approval, including the election of directors. The holders of Class A common
stock may have the ability to elect all of our directors and to effect or
prevent certain corporate transactions. These provisions could discourage
takeover attempts and could materially adversely affect the price of our stock.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The Securities and Exchange Commission's rule related to market risk
disclosure requires that we describe and quantify our potential losses from
market risk sensitive instruments attributable to reasonably possible market
changes. Market risk sensitive instruments include all financial or commodity
instruments and
50
<PAGE> 52
other financial instruments (such as investments and debt) that are sensitive to
future changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates, commodity prices or
other market factors. We are not exposed to significant market risks from
changes in foreign currency exchange rates or commodity prices. We do not hold
derivative financial instruments nor do we hold securities for trading or
speculative purposes. We are exposed to changes in interest rates primarily from
our investments in cash equivalents. Under our current policies, we do not use
interest rate derivative instruments to manage our exposure to interest rate
changes.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The report of our independent auditors and our consolidated financial
statements and notes thereto appear in Item 14 of this report.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
PART III.
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Information relating to our directors may be found under the caption "Board
of Directors" in our Proxy Statement for the 2000 Annual Meeting of Stockholders
(the "Proxy Statement") and is incorporated herein by reference. Certain
information concerning our executive officers is set forth in Part I of this
Form 10-K under the caption "Executive Officers."
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Information regarding compensation of our officers and directors is set
forth under the captions "Executive Compensation" and "Board of Directors" in
the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
Information regarding ownership of our capital stock is set forth under the
caption "Information Regarding Beneficial Ownership of Principal Stockholders,
Directors and Management" in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by
reference.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Information regarding certain relationships and related transactions of
Net2Phone is set forth under the caption entitled "Certain Relationships and
Related Transactions" in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by
reference.
PART IV.
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a)(1) Financial Statements.
The Financial Statements filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K
are identified in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements on page F-1
hereto.
(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules.
Financial Statement Schedules have been omitted because the information
required to be set forth therein is not applicable or is shown on the financial
statements or notes thereto.
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<PAGE> 53
(a)(3) Exhibits.
The following exhibits are filed herewith or are incorporated by reference
to exhibits previously filed with the Commission.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION
----------- -----------
<S> <C>
3.1** Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.
3.2*** Amended and Restated Bylaws.
3.3** Certificate of Amendment to the Restated Certificate of
Incorporation of the Registrant.
3.4** Certificate of Amendment to the Restated Certificate of
Incorporation of the Registrant.
3.5 Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated
Certificate of Incorporation.
4.1** Specimen Common Stock Certificate of the Registrant.
10.3** Bundling and Distribution Services Agreement, dated as of
January 31, 1999, by and between NetScape Communications
Corporation and the Registrant.
10.4** General License Terms & Conditions, dated as of January 31,
1999, by and between Netscape Communications Corporation and
the Registrant.
10.5** Trademark License Agreement, dated as of January 31, 1999,
by and between Netscape Communications Corporation and the
Registrant Assignment.
10.6** Internet/Telecommunications Agreement, dated as of May 7,
1999, by and between IDT and the Registrant.
10.7** Joint Marketing Agreement, dated as of May 7, 1999, by and
between IDT and the Registrant.
10.8** IDT Services Agreement, dated as of May 7, 1999, by and
between IDT and the Registrant.
10.9** Net2Phone Services Agreement, dated as of May 7, 1999, by
and between IDT and the Registrant.
10.10** Assignment Agreement, dated as of May 7, 1999, by and
between IDT and the Registrant.
10.11** Tax Sharing and Indemnification Agreement, dated as of May
7, 1999, by and between IDT and the Registrant.
10.12** Separation Agreement, dated as of May 7, 1999, by and
between IDT and the Registrant.
10.13** Lease Agreement, dated as of March 1, 1999, by and between
171-173 Main Street Corporation and the Registrant.
10.14** Lease Agreement, dated as of March 1, 1999, by and between
294-298 State Street Corporation and the Registrant.
10.15**** The Registrant's Amended and Restated 1999 Stock Option and
Incentive Plan.
10.16** Series A Subscription Agreement, dated as of May 13, 1999,
by and between the Investors listed therein and the
Registrant.
10.17** Series A Preferred Shareholder Registration Rights
Agreement, dated as of May 13, 1999, by and between the
Investors listed therein and the Registrant.
10.18** Form of Warrant to Purchase Common Stock.
10.19** Promissory Note of Registrant to IDT, dated as of May 12,
1999.
10.20** Stockholders Agreement, dated as of May 13, 1999, by and
among the Investors listed therein, IDT, Clifford M. Sobel,
the trustee of the Scott Sobel Annual Gift Trust and the
Registrant.
10.21** Letter agreement, dated as of May 12, 1999, by and among
IDT, Clifford M. Sobel and the Registrant.
10.22** Letter agreement, dated as of May 17, 1999, by and among
IDT, Clifford M. Sobel and the Registrant.
</TABLE>
52
<PAGE> 54
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION
----------- -----------
<S> <C>
10.23** Co-Location and Facilities Management Services Agreement,
dated as of May 20, 1999, by and between IDT and the
Registrant.
10.24** Form of Loan Agreement between the Registrant and each of
its executive officers.
10.25** Form of Stock Option Agreement for Executive Officers.
10.26#** Letter agreement, dated as of June 25, 1999, by and between
National Broadcasting Company, Inc. and the Registrant.
10.28#** IP Telephony Services Distribution and Interactive Marketing
Agreement, dated as of July 15, 1999, by and between ICQ,
Inc. and the Registrant.
10.29#** Stock Subscription Warrant, dated July 15, 1999, by and
between America Online, Inc. and the Registrant.
10.30***** Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 16, 2000, by and
between the Registrant and the shareholders of Aplio named
therein.
10.31*** Subscription Agreement, dated as of August 11, 2000, by and
between AT&T Corp. and the Registrant.
10.32*** Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of August 11, 2000,
by and between AT&T Corp. and the Registrant.
10.33 Form of employment agreement executed by the Registrant and
each of Clifford M. Sobel and Stephen M. Greenberg.
10.34 Lease for premises located at 520 Broad Street, Newark, New
Jersey.
10.35 Form of Promissory Note between Adir Technologies, Inc. and
certain executive officers of the Registrant.
11.1 Statement of Computation of Per Share Earning: See Note 5 to
Financial Statements on page F-12 of this report.
23.1 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.
27.1 Financial Data Schedule.
</TABLE>
---------------
** Incorporated by reference from our registration statement on Form S-1
(Registration No. 333-59751).
*** Incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on
August 21, 2000.
**** Incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement dated June 6, 2000.
***** Incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on
July 24, 2000.
# Confidential treatment granted as to parts of this document.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K.
During the quarter ended July 31, 2000, we filed a Current Report on Form
8-K, reporting under Item 2 the acquisition of Allia B.V. and Aplio S.A.
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<PAGE> 55
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Net2Phone, Inc.
By /s/ HOWARD S. BALTER
------------------------------------
Howard S. Balter
Chief Executive Officer
Dated: October 30, 2000
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934,
this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the
registrant and in the capacities indicated on this 30th day of October, 2000.
<TABLE>
<C> <S>
/s/ CLIFFORD M. SOBEL Chairman of the Board
-----------------------------------------------------
Clifford M. Sobel
/s/ HOWARD S. BALTER Chief Executive Officer and Director
----------------------------------------------------- (Principal Executive Officer)
Howard S. Balter
/s/ ILAN M. SLASKY Chief Financial Officer (Chief Accounting
----------------------------------------------------- Officer)
Ilan M. Slasky
/s/ JAMES R. MELLOR Director
-----------------------------------------------------
James R. Mellor
/s/ JAMES A. COURTER Director
-----------------------------------------------------
James A. Courter
/s/ JESSE P. KING Director
-----------------------------------------------------
Jesse P. King
/s/ MICHAEL FISCHBERGER Director
-----------------------------------------------------
Michael Fischberger
/s/ GARY E. REISCHEL Director
-----------------------------------------------------
Gary E. Reischel
/s/ DANIEL H. SCHULMAN Director
-----------------------------------------------------
Daniel H. Schulman
/s/ HARRY C. MCPHERSON, JR. Director
-----------------------------------------------------
Harry C. McPherson, Jr.
</TABLE>
54
<PAGE> 56
NET2PHONE, INC.
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Report of Independent Auditors.............................. F-2
Balance Sheets as of July 31, 2000 and 1999................. F-3
Statements of Operations for the years ended July 31, 2000,
1999 and 1998............................................. F-4
Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) for the years
ended July 31, 2000, 1999 and 1998........................ F-5
Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended July 31, 2000,
1999 and 1998............................................. F-6
Notes to Financial Statements............................... F-7
</TABLE>
F-1
<PAGE> 57
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Net2Phone, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Net2Phone,
Inc. and Subsidiaries (the "Company") as of July 31, 2000 and 1999, and the
related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity (deficit)
and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended July 31, 2000.
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management.
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based
on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally
accepted in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform
the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements
are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis,
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An
audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant
estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial
statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis
for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above
present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of
the Company at July 31, 2000 and 1999 and the consolidated results of its
operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended
July 31, 2000, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in
the United States.
/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP
New York, New York
September 29, 2000
F-2
<PAGE> 58
NET2PHONE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
JULY 31,
-----------------------------
2000 1999
------------- ------------
<S> <C> <C>
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents................................. $ 57,874,228 $ 20,379,048
Marketable securities -- current.......................... 59,142,518 --
Trade accounts receivable................................. 9,754,931 531,536
Prepaid contract deposits................................. 13,443,704 6,162,084
Inventory................................................. 3,216,783 540,000
Prepaid expenses.......................................... 7,020,970 459,918
Notes receivable.......................................... 3,450,000 --
Other current assets...................................... 2,119,802 --
------------- ------------
Total current assets................................... 156,022,936 28,072,586
Property & equipment, net................................. 59,867,154 17,844,901
Investments............................................... 19,845,349 --
Marketable securities -- long term........................ 132,277,504 --
Intangible assets, net.................................... 42,123,045 4,791,667
Other assets.............................................. 1,592,445 107,737
------------- ------------
Total assets........................................... $ 411,728,433 $ 50,816,891
============= ============
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable.......................................... $ 19,783,115 $ 2,151,778
Accrued expenses.......................................... 17,230,019 4,692,953
Deferred revenue.......................................... 5,010,951 2,370,632
Current portion of long-term obligations.................. 2,743,761 --
Due to IDT................................................ 4,883,111 12,553,771
------------- ------------
Total current liabilities.............................. 49,650,957 21,769,134
Due to IDT................................................ -- 5,181,624
Long-term obligations..................................... 9,503,340 --
------------- ------------
Total liabilities...................................... 59,154,297 26,950,758
Commitments and contingencies
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, Series A, $ .01
par value; 3,150,000 shares authorized; no and
3,140,000 shares issued and outstanding................ -- 27,929,000
Redeemable common stock, $.01 par value, 582,749 shares
outstanding............................................ 20,687,590 --
Stockholders' equity (deficit):
Common stock, $ .01 par value; 200,000,000 shares
authorized; 21,605,133 (including redeemable shares)
and 4,819,777 shares issued and outstanding............ 216,051 48,198
Class A stock, $ .01 par value; 37,924,250 shares
authorized; 33,916,750 and 27,622,089 issued and
outstanding............................................ 339,167 276,220
Additional paid-in capital................................ 555,364,405 61,126,266
Accumulated deficit....................................... (148,789,291) (30,455,286)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss...................... (41,757,843) --
Deferred compensation -- stock options.................... (30,246,300) (31,908,275)
Loans to stockholders..................................... (3,239,643) (3,149,990)
------------- ------------
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)................... 331,886,546 (4,062,867)
------------- ------------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit)... $ 411,728,433 $ 50,816,891
============= ============
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes.
F-3
<PAGE> 59
NET2PHONE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED JULY 31,
--------------------------------------------
2000 1999 1998
------------- ------------ -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Revenue:
Service Revenue.................................. $ 61,253,096 $ 32,648,305 $10,490,972
Product Revenue.................................. 11,148,094 608,152 1,515,000
------------- ------------ -----------
Total revenue............................. 72,401,190 33,256,457 12,005,972
Costs and expenses:
Direct cost of revenue:
Service cost of revenue*....................... 34,700,401 17,554,074 6,576,523
Product cost of revenue*....................... 6,286,392 263,936 272,236
------------- ------------ -----------
Total direct cost of revenue*............... 40,986,793 17,818,010 6,848,759
Selling and marketing............................ 68,677,169 8,828,167 2,887,766
General and administrative....................... 36,321,177 10,836,072 5,087,628
Depreciation and amortization.................... 6,804,412 2,316,545 726,508
Compensation charge from the issuance of stock
options........................................ 48,124,333 17,919,541 --
------------- ------------ -----------
Total costs and expenses.................... 200,913,884 57,718,335 15,550,661
------------- ------------ -----------
Loss from operations............................. (128,512,694) (24,461,878) (3,544,689)
Interest expense................................. (354,379) (430,753) --
Interest income.................................. 10,027,194 187,439 --
Other income..................................... 505,874 -- --
------------- ------------ -----------
Net loss......................................... (118,334,005) (24,705,192) (3,544,689)
Redeemable preferred stock dividends............. -- (29,219,362) --
------------- ------------ -----------
Net loss available to common stockholders........ $(118,334,005) $(53,924,554) $(3,544,689)
============= ============ ===========
Net loss per common share -- basic and diluted... $ (2.29) $ (1.73) $ (0.12)
============= ============ ===========
Weighted average number of common shares used in
calculation of basic and diluted net loss per
common share................................... 51,738,918 31,236,415 30,186,000
============= ============ ===========
</TABLE>
* Excludes depreciation and amortization
See accompanying notes.
F-4
<PAGE> 60
NET2PHONE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
YEARS ENDED JULY 31, 1998, 1999 AND 2000
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
COMMON STOCK CLASS A STOCK ADDITIONAL
----------------------- --------------------- PAID-IN ACCUMULATED
SHARES AMOUNT SHARES AMOUNT CAPITAL DEFICIT
----------- --------- ---------- -------- ------------ -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at July 31, 1997............. -- $ -- -- $ -- $ -- $ (2,205,405)
Net loss for the year ended July 31,
1998............................... -- -- -- -- -- (3,544,689)
Comprehensive loss
Issuance of stock to IDT
Corporation........................ 27,864,000 100 -- -- -- --
Sale of common stock to officer...... 3,096,000 100,000 -- -- -- --
----------- --------- ---------- -------- ------------ -------------
Balance at July 31, 1998............. 30,960,000 100,100 -- -- -- (5,750,094)
Net loss for the year ended July 31,
1999............................... -- -- -- -- -- (24,705,192)
Comprehensive loss
Issuance of warrants................. -- -- -- -- 2,100,000 --
Exercise of stock options............ 1,345,218 13,452 -- -- 4,470,608 --
Deferred compensation................ -- -- -- -- 49,827,816 --
Capital contributions from IDT
Corporation........................ -- 209,500 -- -- 4,420,338 --
Conversion of IDT common stock to
Class A stock...................... (27,864,000) (278,640) 27,864,000 278,640 -- --
Conversion of Class A to common
stock.............................. 241,911 2,420 (241,911) (2,420) -- --
Exercise of warrants................. 136,648 1,366 -- -- 436,504 --
Accretion of discount on Series A
preferred stock convertible to
Class A stock...................... -- -- -- -- (129,000) --
Amortization of deferred
compensation....................... -- -- -- -- -- --
----------- --------- ---------- -------- ------------ -------------
Balance at July 31, 1999............. 4,819,777 48,198 27,622,089 276,220 61,126,266 (30,455,286)
Net loss for the year ended July 31,
2000............................... -- -- -- -- -- (118,334,005)
Foreign currency translation......... -- -- -- -- -- --
Unrealized equity securities loss,
net................................ -- -- -- -- -- --
Comprehensive loss
Issuance of common stock in initial
public offering.................... 6,210,000 62,100 -- -- 83,744,373 --
Conversion of preferred stock to
Class A stock...................... -- -- 9,420,000 94,200 27,834,800 --
Conversion of Class A stock to common
stock.............................. 3,125,339 31,253 (3,125,339) (31,253) -- --
Exercise of stock options............ 1,272,239 12,722 -- -- 8,876,022 --
Amortization of deferred
compensation....................... -- -- -- -- -- --
Repayment of loans to stockholders... -- -- -- -- -- --
Secondary equity offering............ 3,400,000 34,000 -- -- 177,348,364 --
Issuance of common stock to Yahoo!
Inc. .............................. 2,777,778 27,778 -- -- 149,972,222 --
Deferred compensation from stock
option grants...................... -- -- -- -- 46,462,358 --
----------- --------- ---------- -------- ------------ -------------
Balance at July 31, 2000............. 21,605,133 $ 216,051 33,916,750 $339,167 $555,364,405 $(148,789,291)
=========== ========= ========== ======== ============ =============
<CAPTION>
ACCUMULATED
OTHER TOTAL
COMPREHENSIVE DEFERRED LOANS TO STOCKHOLDERS'
INCOME (LOSS) COMPENSATION STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY (DEFICIT)
------------- ------------ ------------ ----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at July 31, 1997............. $ -- $ -- $ -- $ (2,205,405)
Net loss for the year ended July 31,
1998............................... -- -- -- (3,544,689)
-------------
Comprehensive loss (3,544,689)
Issuance of stock to IDT
Corporation........................ -- -- -- 100
Sale of common stock to officer...... -- -- -- 100,000
------------ ------------ ----------- -------------
Balance at July 31, 1998............. -- -- -- (5,649,994)
Net loss for the year ended July 31,
1999............................... -- -- -- (24,705,192)
-------------
Comprehensive loss (24,705,192)
Issuance of warrants................. -- -- -- 2,100,000
Exercise of stock options............ -- -- (3,149,990) 1,334,070
Deferred compensation................ -- (49,827,816) -- --
Capital contributions from IDT
Corporation........................ -- -- -- 4,629,838
Conversion of IDT common stock to
Class A stock...................... -- -- -- --
Conversion of Class A to common
stock.............................. -- -- -- --
Exercise of warrants................. -- -- -- 437,870
Accretion of discount on Series A
preferred stock convertible to
Class A stock...................... -- -- -- (129,000)
Amortization of deferred
compensation....................... -- 17,919,541 -- 17,919,541
------------ ------------ ----------- -------------
Balance at July 31, 1999............. -- (31,908,275) (3,149,990) (4,062,867)
Net loss for the year ended July 31,
2000............................... -- -- -- (118,334,005)
Foreign currency translation......... 47,239 -- -- 47,239
Unrealized equity securities loss,
net................................ (41,805,082) -- -- (41,805,082)
-------------
Comprehensive loss (160,091,848)
Issuance of common stock in initial
public offering.................... -- -- -- 83,806,473
Conversion of preferred stock to
Class A stock...................... -- -- -- 27,929,000
Conversion of Class A stock to common
stock.............................. -- -- -- --
Exercise of stock options............ -- -- (716,702) 8,172,042
Amortization of deferred
compensation....................... -- 48,124,333 -- 48,124,333
Repayment of loans to stockholders... -- -- 627,049 627,049
Secondary equity offering............ -- -- -- 177,382,364
Issuance of common stock to Yahoo!
Inc. .............................. -- -- -- 150,000,000
Deferred compensation from stock
option grants...................... -- (46,462,358) -- --
------------ ------------ ----------- -------------
Balance at July 31, 2000............. $(41,757,843) $(30,246,300) $(3,239,643) $ 331,886,546
============ ============ =========== =============
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes.
F-5
<PAGE> 61
NET2PHONE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED JULY 31,
--------------------------------------------
2000 1999 1998
------------- ------------ -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss.................................................... $(118,334,005) $(24,705,192) $(3,544,689)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in
operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization............................. 6,804,412 2,316,545 726,508
Amortization of discount on marketable securities......... (43,582) -- --
Amortization of deferred compensation..................... 48,124,333 17,919,541 --
Gain on derivative instrument............................. (516,610) -- --
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable..................................... (9,119,258) 933,939 (1,448,975)
Prepaid contract deposits............................... (7,281,620) (6,162,084) --
Inventory............................................... (2,201,828) (540,000) --
Prepaid expenses........................................ (6,553,115) (459,918) --
Other current assets.................................... (804,674) -- --
Other assets............................................ (967,955) (17,239) (90,498)
Accounts payable........................................ 16,463,261 2,151,778 --
Accrued expenses........................................ 12,585,498 4,692,953 --
Deferred revenue........................................ 2,640,319 1,560,518 649,113
------------- ------------ -----------
Net cash used in operating activities....................... (59,204,824) (2,309,159) (3,708,541)
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of property plant & equipment................... (47,386,058) (14,544,052) (5,236,044)
Purchases of marketable securities........................ (132,627,812) -- --
Proceeds from the sale of marketable securities........... 49,446,291 -- --
Purchase of trademark..................................... -- (5,000,000) --
Purchase of Aplio S.A., net of cash acquired.............. (6,563,576) -- --
Issuance of notes receivable.............................. (3,450,000) -- --
Investments............................................... (19,845,349) -- --
------------- ------------ -----------
Net cash used in investing activities....................... (160,426,504) (19,544,052) (5,236,044)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock in initial public
offering, net........................................... 83,806,473 -- --
Proceeds from issuance of common stock in secondary
offering, net........................................... 177,382,364 -- --
Proceeds from issuance of Series A preferred stock and
warrants................................................ -- 29,900,000 --
Proceeds from exercise of stock options................... 8,172,042 1,334,070 --
Proceeds from repayment of loans to stockholders.......... 627,049 -- --
Proceeds from exercise of warrants........................ -- 437,870 --
Proceeds from issuance of common stock to IDT
Corporation............................................. -- -- 100
Proceeds from issuance of common stock to officer......... -- -- 100,000
Net (repayments to) advances from IDT Corporation......... (12,852,284) 5,920,407 8,854,559
Capital contributions from IDT Corporation................ -- 4,629,838 --
------------- ------------ -----------
Net cash provided by financing activities................... 257,135,644 42,222,185 8,954,659
------------- ------------ -----------
Effect of exchange rate on cash............................. (9,136) -- --
------------- ------------ -----------
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents................... 37,495,180 20,368,974 10,074
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period............ 20,379,048 10,074 --
------------- ------------ -----------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period.................. $ 57,874,228 $ 20,379,048 $ 10,074
============= ============ ===========
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash payments made for interest............................. $ 558,335 $ -- $ --
============= ============ ===========
Cash payments made for income taxes......................... $ -- $ -- $ --
============= ============ ===========
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Redeemable common stock issued for an acquisition........... $ 20,687,590 $ -- $ --
============= ============ ===========
Common stock issued for marketable securities............... $ 150,000,000 $ -- $ --
============= ============ ===========
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Conversion of preferred stock to Class A common stock....... $ 27,929,000 $ -- $ --
============= ============ ===========
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes
F-6
<PAGE> 62
NET2PHONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
JULY 31, 2000
1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect the historical
financial information of Net2Phone, Inc. and Subsidiaries (collectively the
"Company"), which prior to August 2000 was a majority owned subsidiary of IDT
Corporation ("IDT"). The Company was incorporated in October 1997, to operate
and develop its Internet telephony business. Prior to such time, the Company's
business was conducted as a division of IDT. The incorporation of Net2Phone,
Inc. as a subsidiary of IDT was accounted for similar to a recapitalization. All
earnings per share calculations assume that such shares were outstanding for all
prior periods.
The Company's statements of operations include allocations of certain costs
and expenses from IDT. Although such allocations are not necessarily indicative
of the costs that would have been incurred if the Company operated as an
unaffiliated entity, management believes that the allocation methods are
reasonable.
On August 11, 2000 AT&T purchased four million newly-issued Class A shares
of the Company at a price of $75 per share. In addition, AT&T purchased 14.9
million Class A shares from IDT for $75 per share, giving the AT&T approximately
a 39 percent voting stake and approximately a 32 percent economic stake in the
Company.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company
and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Intercompany accounts have been eliminated in
consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and
accompanying notes. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
Reclassifications
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the fiscal
2000 presentation.
Earnings (Loss) Per Share
Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income
(loss) applicable to common shares by the weighted average of common shares
outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share adjusts basic
earnings (loss) per share for the effects of convertible securities, stock
options and other potentially dilutive financial instruments, only in the
periods in which such effect is dilutive. There were no dilutive securities in
any of the periods presented herein.
The shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options and warrants are
excluded from the calculation of net loss per share as their effect would be
antidilutive.
Foreign currency translation
The financial statements of the Company's foreign subsidiary has been
translated into U.S. dollars in accordance with SFAS No. 52, Foreign Currency
Translation. All balance sheet accounts have been translated using the current
exchange rate at the respective balance sheet dates. Statement of operations
amounts have been translated using the average exchange rates for the respective
years. The gains or losses
F-7
<PAGE> 63
NET2PHONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
JULY 31, 2000
resulting from the change in exchange rates have been reported as a component of
accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Foreign currency translation
gains and losses are included in the results of operations as incurred.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of
three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash
equivalents are carried at cost which approximates market value.
Inventory
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is computed on
a specific identification basis.
Property and Equipment
Equipment and furniture and fixtures are recorded at cost and depreciated
using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets,
which range from five to fifteen years.
Computer software is amortized using the straight-line method over the
shorter of five years or the term of the related agreement.
Software Development Costs
Costs for the internal development of new software products and substantial
enhancements to existing software products are expensed as incurred until
technological feasibility has been established, at which time any additional
costs would be capitalized. As the Company has completed its software
development concurrently with the establishment of technological feasibility, it
has commenced capitalizing these costs. Software development costs are the
Company's only research and development expenditures. For the years ended July
31, 2000, 1999 and 1998, research and development costs totaled approximately
$4,692,000, $757,000 and $481,000, respectively.
Capitalized Internal Use Software Costs
The Company capitalizes certain costs incurred in connection with
developing or obtaining internal use software. These costs consist of payments
made to third parties and the salaries of employees working on such software
development. At July 31, 2000, 1999 and 1998, the Company has capitalized
$7,925,000, $4,065,000, and $2,198,000, respectively, of internal use software
costs as computer software.
Long-Lived Assets
The Company reviews the impairment of long-lived assets and certain
identifiable intangibles whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate
that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The analysis of the
recoverability utilizes undiscounted cash flows. The measurement of the loss, if
any, will be calculated as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset
exceeds the fair value of the asset.
Revenue Recognition
Internet telephony service revenue is recognized as service is provided.
Revenue derived from equipment sales and from services provided to IDT is
recognized upon installation of the equipment and performance of the services,
respectively.
F-8
<PAGE> 64
NET2PHONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
JULY 31, 2000
The sale of equipment with software necessary to provide the Company's
services is recognized when such products are delivered, collection of payments
are assured and there are no significant future obligations.
Pre-payments for communications services are deferred and recognized as
revenue as the communications services are provided.
Direct Cost of Revenue
Direct cost of revenue consists primarily of telecommunication costs,
connectivity costs, and the cost of equipment sold to customers. Direct cost of
revenue excludes depreciation and amortization.
Advertising Costs
The Company expenses the costs of advertising as incurred. Typically the
Company purchases banner advertising on other companies' web sites pursuant to
contracts which have one to three year terms and may include the guarantee of
(i) a minimum number of impressions, (ii) the number of times that an
advertisement appears in pages displayed to users of the web site, or (iii) a
minimum amount of revenue that will be recognized by the Company from customers
directed to the Company's Web site as a direct result of the advertisement. The
Company recognizes expense with respect to such advertising ratably over the
period in which the advertisement is displayed. In addition, some agreements
require additional payments as additional impressions are delivered. Such
payments are expensed when the impressions are delivered.
In one case, the Company entered into an agreement with no specified term
of years. In this case, the Company amortizes as expense the lessor of (i) the
number of impressions to date/minimum guaranteed impressions, or (ii) revenue to
date/minimum guaranteed revenue as a percentage of the total payments.
For the years ended July 31, 2000, 1999 and 1998 advertising expense
totaled approximately $28,525,000, $6,590,000 and $1,962,000 respectively.
In addition, for the quarter ended July 31, 2000, the Company incurred
approximately $28 million of costs to terminate advertising arrangements. Such
costs are included in sales and marketing in the accompanying statement of
operations.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes using the liability method. Under
this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on
differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and
liabilities.
Stock Based Compensation
The Company accounts for stock options issued to employees using the
intrinsic value method prescribed in Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25,
Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees ("APB 25"). Compensation expense for
stock options issued to employees is measured as the excess of the quoted market
price of the Company's stock at the date of grant over the amount an employee
must pay to acquire the stock. Stock options issued to employees of IDT are
accounted for in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement
("SFAS") No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. Compensation expense
for stock options issued to employees of IDT is measured based on the fair value
of the stock options on the grant date estimated using the Black-Scholes option
pricing model.
The Company applies the disclosure-only provisions of SFAS No. 123 with
respect to stock options issued to the Company's employees.
F-9
<PAGE> 65
NET2PHONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
JULY 31, 2000
Current Vulnerability Due to Certain Concentrations
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to
concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents,
marketable securities and trade receivables. Concentrations of credit risk with
respect to trade receivables are limited due to the large number of customers
comprising the Company's customer base.
Management regularly monitors the creditworthiness of its domestic and
international customers and believes that it has adequately provided for any
exposure to potential credit losses.
Segment Disclosures
SFAS No. 131, Disclosure about Segments of an Enterprise and Related
Information requires use of the "management approach" model for segment
reporting. The management approach model is based on the way a company's
management organizes segments within the company for making operating decisions
and assessing performance. Reportable segments are based on products and
services, geography, legal structure, management structure, or any other manner
in which management disaggregate a company. The Company operates in one segment.
3. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Effective August 1, 1999 the Company adopted SFAS No. 133, Accounting for
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ("FAS 133"). FAS 133 requires that
all derivative financial instruments, such as interest rate swap contracts and
foreign exchange contracts, be recognized in the financial statements and
measured at fair value regardless of the purpose or intent for holding them.
Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments are either
recognized periodically in income or stockholders' equity (as a component of
comprehensive income), depending on whether the derivative is being used to
hedge changes in fair value or cash flows. The adoption of FAS 133 did not have
a material effect on the Company's financial statements, but did decrease the
net loss by approximately $500,000 in the accompanying consolidated statement of
stockholders' equity (deficit).
The carrying value of the Company's financial instruments approximates fair
value, except for differences with respect to $19.8 million of certain equity
investments included in investments at July 31, 2000 which are reflected at
their carrying value because quoted market prices do not exist. The fair value
of financial instruments is generally determined by reference to market values
resulting from trading on a national securities exchange or in an
over-the-counter market. In cases where quoted market prices are not available,
such as for derivative financial instruments, fair value is based on estimates
using present value or other valuation techniques.
4. APLIO ACQUISITION
On July 7, 2000, the Company acquired all of the outstanding capital stock
of Aplio, S.A ("Aplio") a company located in France with technology that enables
Voice Over Internet Protocol ("VoIP") devices. Consideration consisted of $2.9
million in cash at closing and 582,749 shares of the Company's common stock
which were valued at $35.50 per share, promissory notes aggregating $6.5
million, $1.1 million in acquisition related costs and $4.8 million in cash to
be paid within eighteen months of the closing of the transaction. In addition,
the Company is required to pay two contingent cash payments of $2,778,230 on
July 7, 2001 and July 7, 2002. These contingent payments are dependent on
certain individuals continuing their employment with the Company and will be
recorded as expense if and when they become due.
F-10
<PAGE> 66
NET2PHONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
JULY 31, 2000
The Company may also be required to repurchase the shares of common stock
issued to the selling shareholders on or prior to January 31, 2002 for a per
share purchase price of $36.947. Such shares are included in redeemable common
stock on the accompanying balance sheet.
As collateral for the $4.8 million payment, the Company has placed 150,329
shares of its common stock in escrow.
The aggregate purchase price of $36.0 million plus the fair value of net
liabilities assumed of $2.7 million totaled approximately $38.7 million which
was preliminarily allocated as follows: approximately $17.5 million to goodwill,
$13.9 million to technology, $2.3 million to trademark, $4.5 million to patents
and $500,000 to workforce.
This acquisition was accounted for as a purchase, and accordingly, the net
assets and results of operations of the acquired business have been included in
the consolidated financial statements from July 7, 2000, the date of
acquisition.
The pro forma consolidated results for the years ended July 31, 2000 and
1999 assuming the consummation of the acquisitions as of August 1, 1998 are as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED JULY 31
-----------------------------
2000 1999
------------- ------------
<S> <C> <C>
Total revenue.................................. $ 74,317,729 $ 38,716,934
Net (loss)..................................... (131,099,291) (38,931,910)
Basic and diluted net loss per share........... (2.53) (1.69)
</TABLE>
5. INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Intangible assets consist of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
JULY 31
-------------------------
2000 1999 PERIOD (MOS.)
----------- ---------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Goodwill..................................... $17,485,441 $ -- 60
Technology................................... 13,900,000 -- 35
Trademark.................................... 7,300,000 5,000,000 36
Patent....................................... 4,500,000 -- 35
Workforce.................................... 500,000 -- 54
----------- ----------
43,685,441 5,000,000
Accumulated amortization..................... (1,562,396) (208,333)
----------- ----------
Intangible assets, net....................... $42,123,045 $4,791,667
=========== ==========
</TABLE>
The excess of the cost over the fair value of tangible net assets of
purchased businesses is recorded as intangible assets and is amortized on a
straight-line basis. Costs associated with obtaining the right to use trademarks
owned by third parties are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis
over the term of the trademark.
6. MARKETABLE SECURITIES
Marketable securities consist of equity securities, U.S. Government Agency
Obligations and commercial paper. Debt securities with original maturities of
greater than three months at the time of purchase are classified as marketable
securities and are carried at amortized cost and interest on these
F-11
<PAGE> 67
NET2PHONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
JULY 31, 2000
securities is included in interest income as earned. The following is a summary
of the marketable securities at July 31, 2000:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
GROSS GROSS
CARRYING UNREALIZED UNREALIZED
AMOUNT GAINS LOSSES FAIR VALUE
------------ ---------- ---------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Short-term:
Held-to-maturity securities
U.S. Government Agency
Obligations..................... $ 9,500,000 $1,775 $(12,500) $ 9,489,275
Commercial paper.................. 49,642,518 17 (45,568) 49,596,967
------------ ------ -------- -----------
59,142,518 1,792 (58,068) 59,086,242
------------ ------ -------- -----------
Long-term:
Held-to-maturity securities
U.S. Government Agency
Obligations..................... 5,000,000 -- (21,200) $ 4,978,800
Commercial paper.................. 17,942,877 -- (37,877) 17,905,000
------------ ------ -------- -----------
22,942,877 $ -- $(59,077) $22,883,800
====== ======== ===========
Available-for-sale securities
WebEx common stock................ 5,331,518
Yahoo! common stock............... 104,003,109
------------
132,277,504
------------
$191,420,022
============
</TABLE>
In March 2000, the Company acquired 806,452 shares of Yahoo! Inc. in
exchange for 2,777,778 shares of the Company's common stock at a then equivalent
market value of approximately $150,000,000. As of July 31, 2000 the market value
of the Yahoo! shares was $104,003,109. The unrealized depreciation of
approximately $46 million has been recorded as other comprehensive loss in the
accompanying statement of stockholders' equity.
In January 2000, the Company purchased 240,000 shares of Series A Preferred
Stock at $3.00 per share in WebEx, a provider of online meetings on the Web. In
March 2000, the Company purchased 14,640 shares of Series D Preferred Stock at
$12.50 per share. WebEx completed its initial public offering in July 2000 and
as of July 31, 2000 the market value of the WebEx shares was $5,331,518. The
unrealized gain of approximately $4.4 million has been recorded as other
comprehensive income in the accompanying statement of stockholders' equity.
F-12
<PAGE> 68
NET2PHONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
JULY 31, 2000
7. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment consists of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
JULY 31
--------------------------
2000 1999
----------- -----------
<S> <C> <C>
Equipment................................................. $43,421,399 $ 7,999,316
Computer software......................................... 21,289,136 12,708,913
Furniture and fixtures.................................... 4,211,906 100,167
----------- -----------
68,922,441 20,808,396
Accumulated depreciation and amortization................. (9,055,287) (2,963,495)
----------- -----------
Property and equipment, net............................... $59,867,154 $17,844,901
=========== ===========
</TABLE>
Depreciation and amortization of fixed assets for the year ended July 31,
2000 and 1999 was approximately $5.5 million and $2.1 million, respectively.
F-13
<PAGE> 69
NET2PHONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
JULY 31, 2000
8. INVESTMENTS
In February 2000, the Company acquired 1,696,667 shares of WebDialogs
Series D Convertible Preferred stock at $5.893 per share. WebDialogs is an
e-commerce enabler that focuses on collaborative browsing applications. The
Company is accounting for this investment using the cost method.
In March 2000, the Company acquired 181,818 shares of eCal Corporation
Series G Preferred stock at $11.00 per share. eCal is a supplier of internet
calendar communications. This investment is being accounted for using the cost
method.
In April 2000, the Company acquired 38,352 shares of Webley Systems, Inc.
Series B Preferred stock at $195.56 per share. Webley is a unified
communications and messaging provider. This investment is being accounted for
using the cost method.
9. LONG-TERM OBLIGATIONS
At July 31, 2000, long-term obligations are comprised of the following:
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Promissory notes payable to Aplio Shareholders (note 4)..... $ 6,537,450
Future payments to Aplio Shareholders (note 4).............. 4,800,000
French government loan...................................... 909,651
-----------
12,247,101
Less: Current portion....................................... (2,743,761)
-----------
$ 9,503,340
-----------
</TABLE>
The promissory notes were issued in connection with the Aplio acquisition
(Note 4) and bear interest at an annual rate of 6.53%. The Company is required
to pay $1,961,235 of the notes on March 31, 2001 and the remaining principal
balance of $4,576,215 plus all accrued and unpaid interest on January 31, 2002.
As of July 31, 2000, the Company had withdrawn the entire facility of
FF6,439,404 under its ANVAR Facility in France. The loan bears no interest and
the repayment schedule is as follows:
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
March 31, 2001............................................ $282,526
March 31, 2002............................................ 282,526
March 31, 2003............................................ 344,599
--------
$909,651
========
</TABLE>
10. WARRANTS
In connection with the Company's distribution and marketing agreement with
ICQ, the Company issued a warrant to America Online to purchase up to 3% of the
Company's outstanding capital stock on a fully-diluted basis. This warrant will
vest in 1% increments upon the achievement of each of three incremental
thresholds of revenue generated under the agreement during the first four years
the warrant is outstanding. The per share exercise price under the warrant will
be equal to the lesser of $12.00 per share or $450 million divided by the number
of the Company's fully-diluted shares on the initial exercise date.
The warrants are accounted for in accordance with the provisions of EITF
96-18, Accounting for Equity Instruments that are Issued to Other than Employees
for Acquiring or in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services. Due to the
uncertainty of reaching the performance measures stipulated in the warrant
agreement, the Company has not recorded any expense relating to the issuance of
the warrant. Upon determination that the achievement of the revenue thresholds
is probable ("measurement date"), the Company will value the
F-14
<PAGE> 70
NET2PHONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
JULY 31, 2000
warrant and expense it over the remaining period until the performance criteria
is met. The three thresholds of revenues are $10 million, $50 million and $75
million and the term of the distribution and marketing agreement is four years.
If the three incremental thresholds had been met on July 31, 2000, the Company
would have expensed $25.3 million.
In November 1999, the warrant was amended to include the right to purchase
an additional .5% of the Company's outstanding capital stock on a fully diluted
basis at a per share exercise price of $60.46 per share upon the achievement of
$100 million of revenue.
11. EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted
earnings per share:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED JULY 31
--------------------------------------------
2000 1999 1998
------------- ------------ -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Numerator:
Net loss............................... $(118,334,005) $(24,705,192) $(3,544,689)
Redeemable preferred stock dividends... -- (29,219,362) --
------------- ------------ -----------
Numerator for basic and diluted loss per
common share-net loss available for
common stockholders.................... $(118,334,005) $(53,924,554) $(3,544,689)
Denominator:
Denominator for basic and dilutive loss
per common share-weighted average
shares.............................. 51,738,918 31,236,415 30,186,000
============= ============ ===========
Basic and diluted loss per share......... $ (2.29) $ (1.73) $ (.12)
============= ============ ===========
</TABLE>
The following securities have been excluded from the dilutive per share
computation as they are antidilutive:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED JULY 31
------------------------------
2000 1999 1998
--------- --------- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Redeemable preferred stock............................ -- 9,420,000 --
Stock options......................................... 8,450,984 7,445,900 --
</TABLE>
12. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
In May 1999, the Company and IDT entered into a separation agreement
whereby the transactions and agreements necessary to govern the relationship
between the two companies necessary to effect their separation were determined.
In accordance with such agreement, it was determined that amounts paid by IDT in
excess of $22 million would be deemed to be capital contributions.
In May 1999, the Company and IDT entered into an
Internet/telecommunications agreement whereby the Company has agreed to pay IDT
up to $110,000 per month for connectivity, the use of certain computer software
and equipment owned or leased by IDT and to provide a platform for IDT's
Internet services for a monthly per customer charge. In connection with such
agreement, IDT has also granted the Company an indefeasible right, for a period
of 20 years, to use a certain telecommunications network as it is completed and
delivered for up to approximately $7.6 million.
In May 1999, the Company and IDT entered into two one-year services
agreements whereby the Company agreed to pay IDT for certain administrative,
customer support and other services that IDT provides to it at the cost of such
services plus 20%. Also, in conjunction with such agreements, the Company has
agreed
F-15
<PAGE> 71
NET2PHONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
JULY 31, 2000
to provide IDT with certain support services for the cost of such services plus
20%. The agreement is effective for a period of two years.
In May 1999, the Company and IDT entered into a joint marketing agreement
whereby the companies have agreed to jointly advertise and market their
products. The agreement continues for a term of one year and is automatically
renewable for an additional one year unless terminated by either party. In
conjunction with such agreement, a commission will be earned by each company for
new customers generated by the other company as a result of such programs.
In May 1999, the Company and IDT entered into an assignment agreement
whereby IDT assigned all of its rights in certain trademarks, patents and
proprietary products and information to the Company. These assets were
contributed at IDT's historical cost which was $0.
In March 1999, the Company entered into a lease agreement with a company
owned by the Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Treasurer of IDT. Pursuant to
such lease agreement, the Company is required to make equal monthly rental
payments aggregating $101,000 through February 2002.
In June 2000, the Company entered into a lease agreement with IDT for
office space. Pursuant to such agreement, the Company is required to make
monthly rental payments of $255,000 through May 2010.
The accompanying financial statements for periods prior to the signing of
the aforementioned agreements include charges by IDT to the Company for the
aforementioned services. Such charges were based principally upon the Company's
allocable portion of IDT's costs for such services. The ratios used to allocate
these costs were the Company's total payroll and the Company's total revenue to
IDT's total payroll and revenue, depending on the type of services provided. The
allocated costs approximate the amounts that would have been charged under the
inter-company agreements if they had been in effect during such periods.
For the years ended July 31, 2000, 1999 and 1998, the Company recognized
revenue for services provided to IDT of approximately $11,225,000, $2,578,000
and $498,000, respectively.
At July 31, 2000 and 1999, the due to IDT balance represents the net
amounts owed to IDT as a result of the aforementioned agreements and financing.
No interest was charged on the Company's advances from IDT. The average balance
owed to IDT during the years ended July 31, 2000 and 1999, was approximately
$11,309,000 and $14,775,000 respectively.
On May 12, 1999, the Company converted a portion of its liability to IDT
into a $14,000,000 promissory note. Such promissory note accrued interest at a
rate of 9% per annum and was payable in 60 equal monthly installments of
principal and interest. The entire principal balance was repaid during 2000.
F-16
<PAGE> 72
NET2PHONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
JULY 31, 2000
The activity in the intercompany account with IDT was as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED JULY 31
-------------------------------------------
2000 1999 1998
------------ ------------ -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Opening Balance........................... $ 17,735,395 $ 11,814,988 $ 2,960,429
Expenses paid by IDT on behalf of the
Company, net of cash received........... 15,896,162 18,550,915 7,000,725
Net charges to the Company for services
provided by IDT......................... 18,815,668 8,380,656 2,351,934
Revenue recognized by the Company for
services provided to IDT................ (11,224,814) (2,578,000) (498,000)
Revenue recognized by the Company for
sales to IDT............................ (7,844,575) -- --
Cash received from IDT.................... 5,874,000 -- --
Capital contribution from IDT............. -- (4,629,838) (100)
Repayments................................ (34,368,725) (13,803,326) --
------------ ------------ -----------
Ending Balance............................ $ 4,883,111 $ 17,735,395 $11,814,988
============ ============ ===========
</TABLE>
13. INCOME TAXES
The Company filed a consolidated Federal income tax return with IDT through
May 13, 1999 and has entered into a tax sharing agreement with IDT. Pursuant to
such tax sharing agreement, the Company would, while included in the IDT
consolidated tax return, be reimbursed for the use of its tax losses to the
extent IDT realizes a tax reduction from the use of such tax losses. In May 1999
IDT's ownership interest in the Company fell below 80% and as a result the
Company is no longer a part of the IDT consolidated Federal tax group.
Significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities
consist of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
JULY 31
---------------------------
2000 1999
------------ -----------
<S> <C> <C>
Deferred tax asset:
Net operating loss carryforward........................ $ 37,508,601 $ 3,921,205
Compensation charge from issuance of stock options..... 756,858 500,663
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation........................................... (4,526,380) (1,008,719)
------------ -----------
Net deferred tax asset................................. 33,739,079 3,413,149
Valuation allowance.................................... (33,739,079) (3,413,149)
------------ -----------
Total deferred tax assets................................ $ -- $ --
============ ===========
</TABLE>
The net deferred tax assets have been fully offset by a valuation allowance
due to the uncertainty of the realization of the assets.
At July 31, 2000, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards for
federal income tax purposes of approximately $122 million and for state income
tax purposes of approximately $130 million expiring in years through 2020 and
2007, respectively. These net operating loss carryforwards may be limited to
future taxable earnings of the Company.
F-17
<PAGE> 73
NET2PHONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
JULY 31, 2000
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED JULY 31
------------------------------------------
2000 1999 1998
------------ ----------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Tax at statutory rate...................... $(41,416,902) $(8,646,817) $(1,205,000)
Non-deductible expenses.................... 3,787,484 4,597,338 --
Benefits used by IDT for which the Company
received no compensation................. -- 1,017,088 1,205,000
Losses for which no benefit is provided.... 37,629,418 3,032,391 --
------------ ----------- -----------
Tax provision.............................. $ -- $ -- $ --
============ =========== ===========
</TABLE>
14. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Initial Public Offering
On August 3, 1999, the Company completed an initial public offering (the
"IPO") of 6,210,000 shares of common stock at an initial public offering price
of $15.00 per share, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $83.8 million.
Secondary Offering
On December 1, 1999, the Company completed a public offering of 7,245,000
shares of common stock at a price of $55.00 per share. 3,845,000 shares were
sold by selling stockholders and 3,400,000 shares were sold by Net2Phone. Net
proceeds to Net2Phone, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions
and offering expenses were approximately $177.4 million.
Series A Stock
On May 13, 1999, the Company designated 3,150,000 shares of its preferred
stock as Series A ("Series A Stock") and sold 3,140,000 of such shares to
unrelated third parties in a private placement transaction for aggregate gross
proceeds of $31,400,000.
The Series A Stock entitled its holders to a non-cumulative dividend of 8%
per annum on the original issue price. Each share of Series A Stock was
convertible into three shares of Class A stock at the option of the holder. The
Series A Stock was redeemable at the option of the holder, beginning May 2006,
over a period of 3 years.
The Series A Stock contained beneficial conversion features. The total
value of the beneficial conversion feature approximated $75 million. For
accounting purposes the value of the beneficial conversion features was limited
to the amount of proceeds allocated to the Series A Stock. The Company recorded
an increase in net loss available to common stockholders on the date of issuance
of the Series A Stock in the amount of approximately $29.2 million.
In connection with the sale of Series A Stock, the Company granted warrants
to purchase 272,400 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $3.33 per
share from the date of issuance through May 13, 2004 to the Series A Stock
investors and placement agent. The warrants contained a provision whereby they
were automatically terminated upon an initial public offering of the Company's
stock. In July 1999, 136,648 warrants were exercised, the remaining warrants
expired unexercised upon the Company's IPO. The fair value of the warrants on
the date of issuance was $2.1 million. This was computed using the Black Scholes
model with the following assumptions: the fair value of the common stock equal
to $11.00 per share, the risk free interest rate of 4.79%, volatility factor of
84%, an expected life of 6 months, and a dividend yield of 0%.
The fair value of the warrants was recorded as an increase to additional
paid-in capital and a decrease to the carrying value of the Series A Stock. The
decrease in the carrying value of the Series A Stock was
F-18
<PAGE> 74
NET2PHONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
JULY 31, 2000
accreted with a reduction of additional paid-in capital over the period to the
initial redemption date in May 2006. In connection with the Company's IPO, the
Series A convertible preferred stock was converted into Class A stock. In August
1999 upon the consummation of the IPO the balance of the unamortized discount
was written off.
Stock Options
In April 1999, the Company adopted a stock option and incentive plan, as
amended (the "Plan"). Pursuant to the Plan, the Company's officers, employees
and non-employee directors, as well as those of IDT, are eligible to receive
awards of incentives and non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights,
limited stock appreciation rights and restricted stock. There are currently
14,940,000 shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the plan.
The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors is responsible for
determining the type of award, when and to whom awards are granted, the number
of shares and terms of the awards and the exercise price. The options are
exercisable for a period not to exceed ten years from the date of the grant.
Vesting periods range from immediately to four years.
In the fourth quarter of fiscal 1999, the Company granted options to
purchase 8,821,500 shares of common stock at exercise prices ranging from $3.33
to $15.00 per share to employees of the Company and employees of IDT. The
options generally vest over periods up to four years and expire ten years from
the date of grant. In connection with the exercise of such options, the Company
extended $3,149,900 of recourse loans to employees. In order to obtain the
loans, optionees agreed to the cancellation of 23,382 outstanding options.
During the quarter ended July 31, 2000, stock options issued to certain
officers and employees of the Company were accelerated in accordance with the
original stock option awards and as a result the Company recorded approximately
$12.5 million in compensation charges as a result of the acceleration. During
the quarter ended July 31, 2000, stock options issued to certain officers and
employees of IDT were modified and as a result, the Company recorded $18.3
million in compensation charges.
In fiscal 2000 and 1999, the Company recorded total compensation expense of
$48.1 million and $17.9 million, respectively, from the issuance of stock
options.
Deferred compensation at July 31, 2000 resulting from the issuance of stock
options of approximately $30.2 million is being charged to expense over the
vesting period of the stock options as follows: fiscal 2001, $15.5 million;
fiscal 2002, $12.7 million; fiscal 2003, $1.5 million; and fiscal 2004,
$483,000.
F-19
<PAGE> 75
NET2PHONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
JULY 31, 2000
A summary of stock option activity under the Company's stock option plan is
as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
WEIGHTED AVERAGE
SHARES EXERCISE PRICE
---------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C>
Outstanding at July 31, 1998............................ -- --
Granted................................................. 8,821,500 $ 7.18
Exercised............................................... (1,345,218) $ 3.33
Cancelled............................................... (23,382) $ 3.33
Forfeited............................................... (7,000) $ 3.33
----------
Outstanding at July 31, 1999............................ 7,445,900 $ 7.90
Granted................................................. 2,371,689 $35.73
Exercised............................................... (1,177,429) $ 7.55
Cancelled............................................... (182,351) $26.83
Forfeited............................................... (6,825) $14.49
----------
Outstanding at July 31, 2000............................ 8,450,984 $15.77
==========
</TABLE>
The following table summarizes the status of the stock options outstanding
and exercisable at July 31, 2000:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
STOCK OPTIONS OUTSTANDING STOCK OPTIONS EXERCISABLE
--------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------
WEIGHTED REMAINING
CONTRACTUAL LIFE WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF WEIGHTED AVERAGE
RANGE OF EXERCISE PRICES NUMBER OF OPTIONS (IN YEARS) EXERCISE PRICE OPTIONS EXERCISE PRICE
------------------------ ----------------- ------------------ ---------------- --------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
$3.33 3,507,181 8.60 $ 3.33 1,042,506 $ 3.33
$11.00 460,000 8.90 $11.00 153,333 $11.00
$15.00 2,093,953 9.00 $15.00 1,016,461 $15.00
$19.00 - $26.88 947,000 9.90 $26.12 21,500 $25.00
$35.00 - $48.50 1,253,850 9.54 $40.01 168,828 $42.58
$50.25 - $55.56 189,000 9.25 $54.74 40,000 $55.14
--------- ---------
8,450,984 2,442,628
========= =========
</TABLE>
The weighted average fair value of options granted was $27.01 and $9.99 for
the years ended July 31, 2000 and 1999. Pro forma information regarding net loss
and loss per share has been determined as if the Company had accounted for
employee stock options under the fair value method. The fair value of the stock
options was estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option
pricing model with the following assumptions for vested and non-vested options:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ASSUMPTIONS JULY 31, 2000 JULY 31, 1999
----------- ------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C>
Average risk-free interest rate............................ 5.60% 5.60%
Dividend yield............................................. -- --
Volatility factor of the expected market price of the
Company's common stock................................... 89% 84%
Average life............................................... 5 years 5 years
</TABLE>
The Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in
estimating the fair value of traded options which have no vesting restrictions
and are fully transferable. In addition, option valuation models require the
input of highly subjective assumptions including the expected stock price
volatility. Because the Company's employee stock options have characteristics
that are significantly different from those of traded
F-20
<PAGE> 76
NET2PHONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
JULY 31, 2000
options, and because changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially
affect the fair value estimate, in management's opinion, the existing models do
not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of its
employee stock options.
For purposes of pro forma disclosures, the estimated fair value of the
options is amortized to expense over the options' vesting period. For the year
ended July 31, 2000, pro forma net loss available to common stockholders and pro
forma net loss per common share amounted to approximately $146,364,946 and
$2.83, respectively. For the year ended July 31, 1999, pro forma net loss
available to common stockholders and pro forma net loss per common share
amounted to approximately $66,050,383 and $2.11, respectively.
Stock Split and Increase in Authorized Shares
On June 25, 1999, the Company effectuated a three-for-one stock split. The
financial statements give retroactive effect to the stock split. In addition,
the Company designated 15,000,000 shares of its capital stock as Class A stock.
The holders of Class A stock are identical to those of common stock except for
voting and conversion rights and restrictions on transferability. The Class A
stock is entitled to two votes per share.
On July 6, 2000 the Company's shareholders gave approval to issue 4,000,000
newly-authorized shares of Class A common stock to AT&T for an aggregate
purchase price of $300,000,000.
In May 1997, the Company entered into an employment agreement with one of
its officers. Under the terms of such agreement, which was amended in May 1999,
the Company agreed to, among other things, provide such officer with right to
purchase a 10% interest in the Company for $100,000, which was the fair market
value of the Company at that time. Such right was exercised in 1998. Such right
included an anti-dilutive provision mandating that the officer's ownership
interest could not be diluted below 8% of the total outstanding shares expired
upon consummation of the Company's initial public offering in August 1999.
15. 401(k) PLAN
In October 1999, the Company established a 401(k) Plan (the "Plan") which
permits employees to make contributions to the Plan on a pre-tax salary
reduction basis in accordance with the Internal Revenue Code. All full-time
employees are eligible to participate in the Plan after completing three months
of service. Eligible employees may contribute up to 15% of their annual
compensation, subject to IRS limitations. The Company matches a discretionary
amount of the employees' contributions. The Company contributed approximately
$200,000 for the year ended July 31, 2000 and bore the administrative cost of
the Plan.
16. COMMITMENTS
The Company has entered into various marketing and distribution agreements
under which it is obligated to make upfront and future payments. At July 31,
2000 $13,443,704 of prepayments are included in contract deposits. Future
minimum payments under the agreements are:
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Fiscal 2001........................................... $12,643,000
Fiscal 2002........................................... 7,036,000
Fiscal 2003........................................... 1,860,000
-----------
$21,539,000
===========
</TABLE>
On January 31, 1999, the Company entered into a series of agreements with a
third party. The agreements call for the bundling of the Company's Internet
telephony products with the third party's Internet browser, the purchase of
software from the third party and the use of the third party's trademark. The
agreements require the Company to pay the third party (i) $5,000,000 for the use
of the trademark,
F-21
<PAGE> 77
NET2PHONE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
JULY 31, 2000
(ii) $8,000,000 for the purchase of software and (iii) commissions on revenues
generated from customers that the Company obtains from the bundling of products.
Through July 31, 2000, the Company had paid $5,000,000 for the right to use the
trademark and $8,000,000 for certain software. The Company has capitalized the
costs of the right to use the trademark and the software costs and will amortize
them over the term of the bundling agreement, which expires two years after the
release of the bundled product.
Leases
Future minimum rental payments at July 31, 2000 under agreements classified
as operating leases with noncancelable terms in excess of one year, are as
follows:
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Fiscal 2001........................................... $ 3,719,215
Fiscal 2002........................................... 3,591,463
Fiscal 2003........................................... 3,301,768
Fiscal 2004........................................... 3,246,483
Fiscal 2005........................................... 3,098,501
Thereafter............................................ 15,341,986
-----------
Total................................................. $32,299,416
===========
</TABLE>
Rent expense for the year ended July 31, 2000, July 31, 1999 and July 31,
1998 was $1.4 million, $409,000 and $41,000 respectively.
17. CUSTOMER AND GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
Revenues from customers outside the United States represented approximately
72%, 62% and 34% of total revenues during the years ended July 31, 1998, 1999
and 2000, respectively. During the year ended July 31, 1998, revenues derived
from equipment sales to a customer in Korea represented approximately 14% of
total revenue. No single geographic area accounted for more than 10% of total
revenue during the years ended July 31, 2000 and 1999. No customer accounted for
more than 10% of revenue during the years ended July 31, 2000 and 1999.
18. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
On February 15, 2000, Multi-Tech Systems, Inc. filed suit against Net2Phone
and other companies in the United States Federal District Court in Minneapolis,
Minnesota. In its press release, Multi-Tech stated that "the defendant companies
are infringing because they are providing the end users with the software
necessary to simultaneously transmit voice and data on their computers in the
form of making a phone call over the Internet." Net2Phone intends to defend the
lawsuit vigorously. Net2Phone has filed an answer and the litigation is in the
early stages of discovery. Net2Phone believes that the Multi-Tech claims are
without merit. However, should a judge issue an injunction against Net2Phone
requiring that Net2Phone cease distributing its software or providing its
software-based services, such an injunction could have an adverse effect on
Net2Phone's business operations, financial condition, results of operations and
cash flows.
F-22
