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EXHIBIT 3.1
CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF
TRIBEWORKS, INC.
ARTICLE I
The name of the corporation is Tribeworks, Inc. (the "Corporation").
ARTICLE II
The address of the registered office of this corporation in the State of
Delaware is Corporation Trust Center, 1209 Orange Street in the City of
Wilmington, County of Newcastle. The name of its registered agent at such
address is The Corporation Trust Company.
ARTICLE III
The nature of the business or purposes to be conducted or promoted is to
engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized
under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.
ARTICLE IV
The Corporation is authorized to issue two classes of stock to be
designated common stock ("Common Stock") and preferred stock ("Preferred
Stock"). The number of shares of Common Stock authorized to be issued is Two
Hundred Million (200,000,000), par value $.0001 per share, and the number of
shares of Preferred Stock authorized to be issued is Ten Million (10,000,000),
par value $.0001 per share.
The board of directors is authorized, subject to any limitations
prescribed by law, to provide for the issuance of shares of Preferred Stock in
series, and by filing a certificate pursuant to the applicable law of the State
of Delaware (such certificate being hereinafter referred to as a "Preferred
Stock Designation"), to establish from time to time the number of shares to be
included in each such series, and to fix the designation, powers, preferences,
and rights of the shares of each such series and any qualifications, limitations
or restrictions thereof. The number of authorized shares of Preferred Stock may
be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then
outstanding) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the Common
Stock, without a vote of the holders of the Preferred Stock, or of any series
thereof, unless a vote of any such holders is required pursuant to the terms of
any Preferred Stock Designation.
ARTICLE V
The following provisions are inserted for the management of the business
and the conduct of the affairs of the Corporation, and for further definition,
limitation and regulation of the powers of the Corporation and of its directors
and stockholders:
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A. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or
under the direction of the board of directors. In addition to the powers and
authority expressly conferred upon them by statute or by this Certificate of
Incorporation or the Bylaws of the Corporation, the directors are hereby
empowered to exercise all such powers and do all such acts and things as may be
exercised or done by the Corporation.
B. The directors of the Corporation need not be elected by written
ballot unless the Bylaws so provide.
C. Any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of
the Corporation must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting of
stockholders of the Corporation and may not be effected by any consent in
writing by such stockholders.
D. Special meetings of stockholders of the Corporation may be called
only by the Chairman of the Board or the President or by the board of directors
acting pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the Whole Board. For
purposes of this Certificate of Incorporation, the term "Whole Board" shall mean
the total number of authorized directors whether or not there exist any
vacancies in previously authorized directorships.
ARTICLE VI
A. Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock
to elect additional directors under specified circumstances, the number of
directors shall be fixed from time to time by the board of directors pursuant to
a resolution adopted by a majority of the Whole Board.
B. Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock
then outstanding, newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the
authorized number of directors or any vacancies in the board of directors
resulting from death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, removal from
office or other cause shall, unless otherwise provided by law or by resolution
of the board of directors, be filled only by a majority vote of the directors
then in office, though less than a quorum.
C. Advance notice of stockholder nominations for the election of
directors and of business to be brought by stockholders before any meeting of
the stockholders of the Corporation shall be given in the manner provided in the
Bylaws of the Corporation.
D. Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock
then outstanding, any directors, or the entire board of directors, may be
removed from office at any time, but only for cause and only by the affirmative
vote of the holders of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66-2/3%) of
the voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares of capital stock of the
Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting
together as a single class.
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ARTICLE VII
A director of the Corporation shall not be personally liable to the
Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary
duty as a director, except for liability (i) for any breach of the director's
duty of loyalty to the Corporation or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or
omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing
violation of law, (iii) under Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation
Law, or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived any improper
personal benefit. If the Delaware General Corporation Law is amended after
approval by the stockholders of this Article to authorize corporate action
further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of directors then the
liability of a director of the Corporation shall be eliminated or limited to the
fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law as so amended.
Any repeal or modification of the foregoing provisions of this Article
by the stockholders of the Corporation shall not adversely affect any right or
protection of a director of the Corporation existing at the time of, or increase
the liability of any director of this Corporation with respect to any acts or
omissions of such director occurring prior to, such repeal or modification.
ARTICLE VIII
The board of directors is expressly empowered to adopt, amend or repeal
the Bylaws of the Corporation. Any adoption, amendment or repeal of the Bylaws
of the Corporation by the board of directors shall require the approval of a
majority of the Whole Board. The stockholders shall also have power to adopt,
amend or repeal the Bylaws of the Corporation; provided, however, that, in
addition to any vote of the holders of any class or series of stock of the
Corporation required by law or by this Certificate of Incorporation, the
affirmative vote of the holders of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent
(66-2/3%) of the voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares of the
capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of
directors, voting together as a single class, shall be required to adopt, amend
or repeal any provision of the Bylaws of the Corporation.
ARTICLE IX
In addition to any vote of the holders of any class or series of the
stock of this Corporation required by law or by this Certificate of
Incorporation, the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting
power of all of the then outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation
entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a
single class, shall be required to amend or repeal the provisions of Article I,
Article II, and Article III of this Certificate of Incorporation.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Certificate of Incorporation or any
provision of law which might otherwise permit a lesser vote or no vote, but in
addition to any vote of the holders of any class or series of the stock of this
Corporation required by law or by this Certificate of Incorporation, the
affirmative vote of the holders of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent
(66-2/3%) of the voting power of all of the then outstanding shares of the
capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of
directors, voting together as a single class, shall be required to amend or
repeal any provision of this Certificate of Incorporation not specified in the
preceding sentence.
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The name and mailing address of the Sole Incorporator is as follows:
Arman Pahlavan, Esq.
Georgopoulos & Pahlavan LLP
935 Hamilton Avenue
Menlo Park, CA 94025
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Certificate of Incorporation has been executed
in Menlo Park, California this 20th day of December 1999.
By: /s/ Arman Pahlavan
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Arman Pahlavan, Sole Incorporator
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