<PAGE>
GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9
GUIDELINES FOR DETERMINING THE PROPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER TO GIVE THE PAYER
Social Security numbers have nine digits separated by two hyphens: i.e.,
000-00-0000. Employer identification numbers have nine digits separated by only
one hyphen: i.e., 00-0000000. The table below will help determine the number to
give the payer.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
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<C> <S> <C>
FOR THIS TYPE OF ACCOUNT: GIVE THE SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER OF:
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1. An individual's account The individual
2. Two or more individuals (joint account) The actual owner of the account or, if combined
funds, the first individual on the account (1)
3. Custodian account of a minor (Uniform Gift to The minor (2)
Minors Act)
4.a. The usual revocable savings trust account The grantor trustee (1)
(grantor is also trustee)
4.b. So-called trust account that is not a legal or The actual owner (1)
valid trust under state law
5. Sole proprietorship account The owner (3)
<CAPTION>
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<C> <S> <C>
FOR THIS TYPE OF ACCOUNT: GIVE THE EMPLOYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF:
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6. A valid trust, estate, or pension trust The legal entity (Do not furnish the identifying
number of the personal representative or trustee
unless the legal entity itself is not designated
in the account title.) (4)
7. Corporate account The corporation
8. Partnership account held in the name of the The partnership
business
9. Association, club, religious, charitable, or The organization
other tax-exempt organization
10. A broker or registered nominee The broker or nominee
11. Account with the Department of Agriculture in The public entity
the name of the public entity (such as a state
or local government, school district, or prison)
that receives agricultural program payments
</TABLE>
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(1) List first and circle the name of the person whose number you furnish.
(2) Circle the minor's name and furnish the minor's social security number.
(3) Show the name of the owner. The name of the business or the "doing
business as" name may also be entered. Either the social security number
or the employer identification number may be used.
(4) List first and circle the name of the legal, trust, estate, or pension
trust.
NOTE: If no name is circled when there is more than one name, the number will be
considered to be that of the first name listed.
<PAGE>
GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9
PAGE 2
OBTAINING A NUMBER
If you don't have a taxpayer identification number ("TIN") or you don't know
your number, obtain Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Number Card, or
Form SS-4, Application for Employer Identification Number, at the local office
of the Social Security Administration or the Internal Revenue Service and apply
for a number.
PAYEES EXEMPT FROM BACKUP WITHHOLDING
Payees specifically exempted from backup withholding on all dividend and
interest payments and on broker transactions include the following:
- A corporation.
- A financial institution.
- An organization exempt from tax under Section 501(a), or an individual
retirement plan, or a custodial account under Section 403(b)(7).
- The United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof.
- A state, the District of Columbia, a possession of the United States, or
any subdivision or instrumentality thereof.
- A foreign government, a political subdivision of a foreign government, or
any agency or instrumentality thereof.
- An international organization or any agency, or instrumentality thereof.
- An international organization or any agency, or instrumentality thereof.
- A registered dealer in securities or commodities registered in the U.S. or
a possession of the U.S.
- A real estate investment trust.
- A common trust fund operated by a bank under Section 584(a).
- An exempt charitable remainder trust, or a non-exempt trust described in
Section 4947(a)(1).
- An entity registered at all times under the Investment Company Act of
1940.
- A foreign central bank of issue.
Payments of dividends and patronage dividends not generally subject to backup
withholding include the following:
- Payments to nonresident aliens subject to withholding under Section 1441.
- Payments to partnerships not engaged in a trade or business in the U.S.
and which have at least one nonresident partner.
- Payments of patronage dividends where the amount received is not paid in
money.
- Payments made by certain foreign organizations.
- Payments made to a nominee.
Payments of interest not generally subject to backup withholding include the
following:
- Payments of interest on obligations issued by individuals. NOTE: You may
be subject to backup withholding if this interest is $600 or more and is
paid in the course of the payer's trade or business and you have not
provided your correct taxpayer identification number to the payer.
- Payments of tax-exempt interest (including exempt-interest dividends under
Section 852).
- Payments described in Section 6049(b)(5) to nonresident aliens.
- Payments on tax-free covenant bonds under Section 1451.
- Payments made by certain foreign organizations.
- Payments made to a nominee.
EXEMPT PAYEES DESCRIBED ABOVE SHOULD FILE THE SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9 TO AVOID
POSSIBLE ERRONEOUS BACKUP WITHHOLDING. COMPLETE THE SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9 AS
FOLLOWS:
ENTER YOUR TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, WRITE "EXEMPT" ACROSS THE FACE OF
THE FORM, SIGN, DATE, AND RETURN THE FORM TO THE PAYER.
Certain payments other than interest, dividends, and patronage dividends that
are not subject to information reporting are also not subject to backup
withholding. For details, see the Sections 6041, 6041A(a), 6042, 6044, 6045,
6050A and 6050N and the regulations thereunder.
PRIVACY ACT NOTICE
Section 6109 requires most recipients of dividend, interest or other payments to
give taxpayer identification numbers to payers who must report the payments to
IRS. IRS uses the numbers for identification purposes and to help verify the
accuracy of tax returns. Payers must be given the numbers whether or not
recipients are required to file tax returns. Payers must generally withhold 31%
of taxable interest, dividend, and certain other payments to a payee who does
not furnish a taxpayer identification number to a payer. Certain penalties may
also apply.
PENALTIES
(1) PENALTY FOR FAILURE TO FURNISH TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER--If you fail
to furnish your correct taxpayer identification number to a payer, you are
subject to a penalty of $50 for each such failure unless your failure is due
to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect.
(2) CIVIL PENALTY FOR FALSE INFORMATION WITH RESPECT TO WITHHOLDING--If you make
a false statement with no reasonable basis which results in no imposition of
backup withholding, you are subject to a penalty of $500.
(3) CRIMINAL PENALTY FOR FALSIFYING INFORMATION--Willfully falsifying
certifications or affirmations may subject you to criminal penalties
including fines and/or imprisonment.
(4) MISUSE OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS--If the payer discloses or uses
taxpayer identification numbers in violation of Federal law, the payer may
be subject to civil and criminal penalties.
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTACT YOUR TAX CONSULTANT OR THE INTERNAL REVENUE
SERVICE.
