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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999
Commission file number 333-10882
JACADA LTD.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Israel
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
11 Galgalei Haplada St.
P.O. Box 12175
Herzliya 46722, Israel
(Address of principal executive offices)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
NONE
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
NONE
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d)
of the Act:
5,175,000 ordinary shares
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(Title of Class)
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the registrant's classes of
capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual
report:
Ordinary Shares, par value NIS 0.01 per share: 17,610,893 shares
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was
required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days.
[ ] Yes [X] No
Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected
to follow.
[ ] Item 17 [X] Item 18
NY2:\882891\06\54497.0003
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
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Item 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS..............................................................................1
Item 2. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY.............................................................................16
Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS...................................................................................16
Item 4. CONTROL OF REGISTRANT...............................................................................16
Item 5. NATURE OF TRADING MARKETING.........................................................................17
Item 6. EXCHANGE CONTROLS AND OTHER LIMITATIONS AFFECTING SECURITY HOLDERS..................................17
Item 7. TAXATION............................................................................................17
Item 8. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.............................................................................22
Item 9. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS...............23
Item 9A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES
ABOUT MARKET RISK...................................................................................29
Item 10. DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS OF REGISTRANT................................................................30
Item 11. COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS..............................................................32
Item 12. OPTIONS TO PURCHASE SECURITIES FROM REGISTRANT OR SUBSIDIARIES......................................33
Item 13. INTEREST OF MANAGEMENT IN CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS......................................................33
PART II
Item 14. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES TO BE REGISTERED..........................................................34
PART III
Item 15. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES.....................................................................34
Item 16. CHANGES IN SECURITIES, CHANGES IN SECURITY FOR REGISTERED SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS............34
PART IV
Item 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS................................................................................34
Item 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS................................................................................35
Item 19. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND EXHIBITS...................................................................35
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This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements. These
forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about our
plans, objectives, expectations and intentions and other statements contained in
this annual report that are not historical facts.
Prospective investors are cautioned that any such forward-looking
statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and
uncertainties, and that actual results may differ materially from those in the
forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. The information
contained in this annual report identifies important factors that could cause
such differences.
We have prepared our consolidated financial statements in U.S. dollars
and in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). All
references in this Annual Report to "dollars" or "$" are to U.S. dollars and all
references to "NIS" are to New Israeli Shekels.
Amounts and percentages appearing in this Annual Report may not total
due to rounding.
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PART I
Item 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
General
Jacada Ltd. ("Jacada," the "Company" or "we") develops, markets and
supports software that enables businesses to utilize their existing host-centric
software applications to conduct business over the Internet. We also provide
related professional services, including training, consulting, support and
maintenance. Our products and services provide our end-users with comprehensive
eBusiness enabling solutions. As of December 31, 1999, we had licensed our
flagship product, Jacada for Java, to over 100 end-users and our other products
to several hundred additional end-users. Typical users of our products and
services are medium to large businesses with sophisticated technology
requirements. Some of the companies that have implemented or are implementing
our solutions include AIG, Bank of America, Caterpillar, Lockheed Martin, McGraw
Hill, Nabisco, Porsche and Saab. We were incorporated in Israel in December
1990. On August 9, 1999 we changed our name from Client/Server Technology Ltd.
to Jacada Ltd.
Industry Overview
The Internet has fundamentally changed the way companies think about
their business strategies. It has created opportunities for companies to make
their applications and data accessible to their employees, customers, suppliers
and other third parties quickly and cost-effectively.
A significant number of the applications that are critical to companies
in operating their businesses, such as customer account information
applications, sales and inventory management applications, customer order
information applications and manufacturing enterprise resource planning
applications, are currently held in host-centric environments such as those
based on mainframes and mini-computers. According to META Group, an independent
research organization, more than 70% of corporate data still resides in the
mainframe environment alone. Applications for host-centric systems are typically
complex and proprietary and tailored to the needs of a specific company. These
applications were originally designed to be accessible only by a fixed network
of users, principally employees. Furthermore, these applications have
complicated text-based user interfaces, which lack the flexibility and
intuitiveness of today's graphical user interfaces. Companies continue to rely
heavily on and invest a significant amount of resources in host-centric
applications and data.
Companies are increasingly seeking to circumvent the limitations of
their existing host-centric systems by utilizing the broad distribution
potential of the Internet to grant employees, customers, suppliers and corporate
partners easy access to applications and data. This may be accomplished by
completely rewriting applications or by extending existing applications to the
Internet. Rewriting an application involves significant time and expense, as
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well as uncertain scheduling, budgeting and results. It may also render the
skills and knowledge of a company's information technology staff obsolete.
Companies' large investments in existing host-centric applications have created
the need for a solution that enables the extension of these applications to the
Internet. GartnerGroup, an independent research organization, expects that, by
the year 2003, 80% of application development organizations, which include
internal application development departments and independent software vendors,
will extend some or all of their applications to the Internet. Extending
applications to the Internet allows companies to utilize their existing
applications and data and can typically be accomplished more quickly than
rewriting applications.
An effective solution to extend existing applications to the Internet
should:
o be able to be implemented rapidly;
o enable the deployment of a comprehensive solution that does not
require extensive custom programming;
o provide a flexible architecture that allows for the efficient
incorporation of evolving technologies; and
o be able to operate on multiple platforms and support a variety of
applications.
Our Solutions
We develop, market and support software that extends existing
host-centric applications to the Internet, thereby enabling businesses to
utilize these existing applications online. Our solutions provide the following
benefits:
o Leverage Existing Information Technology Resources. Our solutions
permit companies to use their existing host-centric applications
online. This eliminates the need to replace existing applications
through time-consuming and expensive custom programming.
Additionally, our solutions allow programmers trained in various
languages to program in their native software languages and to
generate code that is usable in permitting applications to be
accessed from the Internet.
o Allow Rapid Implementation. We design our solutions to be
implemented rapidly and to require minimal customization.
Consequently, our solutions can typically be implemented more
rapidly than internally-developed solutions.
o Provide a Complete eBusiness Enabling Solution. Our comprehensive
solutions allow companies to conduct eBusiness to the same extent
as available by direct connection with the host computer, without
purchasing any other products. They have been or are being
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implemented by more than 100 companies worldwide. Our solutions
offer our customers the following advantages:
o Flexibility to Adapt to Evolving Business Needs. We design our
solutions to work effectively even as companies modify existing
and add new applications in response to their evolving business
needs. As companies program changes into their applications, our
solutions will, in many cases, automatically reflect the changes
in the graphical user interface.
o Reliability and Scalability. Our solutions are designed to
provide the reliability required for applications that are
critical to the operation of businesses, and are easily scalable
to accommodate additional users in response to the evolving
business needs of our customers.
o Programming Language Independence. Our solutions are compatible
with software applications written in all leading programming
languages, allowing our customers to use our solutions across a
wide range of applications.
o Platform Independence. Our Java-based solution provides customers
with the flexibility to run our products on any Java-enabled
platform, including IBM mainframes, AS/400, Sun Solaris and
Microsoft Windows NT.
Products and Technology
Our products and services provide our customers with a comprehensive
eBusiness enabling solution. Our products include:
o Jacada for Java. Jacada for Java generates Java-based interfaces
for mainframe and mini-computer software applications without
requiring any change to the host applications. By generating Java
source code, Jacada for Java enables our customers to extend
their host-centric applications and data to the Internet and
their intranets without rewriting these applications. In
addition, Jacada for Java provides the modern graphical features
users expect from today's applications. Jacada for Java also
allows customers to enhance their applications to add
functionality, integrate with other data sources and link to
other Internet applications.
o Jacada Connects. Jacada Connects enables any Java-based product
to access the business logic of an existing application. Jacada
Connects is a derivative of Jacada for Java and provides a single
application programming interface to access the business logic.
Jacada Connects is designed to be utilized by third party vendors
and system integrators in their solutions.
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o Jacada for Visual Basic. Jacada for Visual Basic generates Visual
Basic and ActiveX-based interfaces for mainframe and
mini-computer software applications without requiring any change
to the host application. By modifying the code generated by
Jacada for Visual Basic, our customers can enhance their
applications so that they will support added functions, be able
to operate with other data sources and be linked to other
applications.
o Jacada for Windows. Jacada for Windows generates Windows-based
interfaces for mainframe and mini-computer software applications
without requiring any change to the host application.
o Jacada Wireless Family (currently in beta testing). Jacada
Wireless supports any Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) enabled
device such as mobile phones, as well as Personal Digital
Assistants such as the Palm VII(TM). Using Jacada Wireless, any
mainframe or AS/400 application can be delivered to WAP-enabled
or Palm devices providing mobile users controlled access to
valuable business applications and data. Jacada Wireless
automatically produces Wireless Markup Language (WML) and
HyperText Markup Language (HTML) code that is interpreted by the
wireless device.
o Jacada for HTML. Jacada for HTML generates HTML interfaces for
mainframe and mini-computer software applications without
requiring any change to the host application. By generating HTML
code, Jacada for HTML enables our customers to provide seamless
integration of existing mainframe or AS/400 application business
logic with any web server.
The above products are based on our following core technology
components:
o Jacada KnowledgeBase. The Jacada KnowledgeBase is a set of
sophisticated algorithms for analyzing and interpreting
host-centric applications and converting over 700 patterns on
those text-based applications into graphical user interface
components. During the conversion process, the Automated
Conversion Environment automatically matches all the patterns
identified on the screen with pattern definitions in the
KnowledgeBase. The KnowledgeBase then generates a new graphical
user interface based on these pattern definitions.
o Jacada Automated Conversion Environment (ACE). In combination
with the Jacada KnowledgeBase, ACE forms the powerful core of a
solution that can quickly and easily generate graphical user
interfaces for mainframe and mini-computer software applications.
This allows companies to extend their host-centric applications
to the Internet through user interfaces that are graphical in
nature and intuitive, as opposed to user interfaces that are
comprised solely of text. Graphical user interfaces may be
created using Java, HTML or ActiveX/Visual Basic. ACE allows
users to customize the graphical user interface by changing
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colors, fonts, sizes and layout, as well as by adding or deleting
functions or graphics.
o Jacada Innovator (currently in beta testing). Jacada Innovator,
developed in cooperation with IBM, contains innovative technology
which enables new or existing applications written in COBOL, C,
C++, Java or any other language to be utilized with Java, thereby
eliminating the need to create traditional text-based user
interfaces. Any software developer can utilize Jacada Innovator
without any special knowledge of any other programming language
and without any Java experience. This allows organizations to
leverage their existing software skills and resources to build
modern applications. We have a patent pending for and full
ownership rights in Jacada Innovator.
Professional Services
Our professional services include training, consulting, support and
maintenance services. Support and maintenance services are provided to our
customers through agreements under which we provide technical support by
telephone, fax, email and the Internet during business hours and provide
updates, upgrades and fixes to our software products. We require our customers
to purchase support and maintenance services at a fixed annual fee for 12 months
after the initial purchase, renewable annually thereafter. In addition,
customers can elect optional services such as emergency coverage on a 24 hours
per day, seven days per week basis and dedicated technical account managers. We
also provide customer training at our Atlanta, Georgia facility and other
locations, with coursework related to various aspects of our eBusiness enabling
solutions.
We provide our direct sales customers with training services to assist
them in learning how to use our products. We also provide our direct sales
customers with consulting services to assist them with installing our products
and integrating our products into their systems, and to assist them with
managing and enhancing their utilization of our products on an ongoing basis.
We bill by the hour for consulting services and by the day for training
services. We typically enter into commitments with customers to provide blocks
of training and consulting services. However, customers are not obligated to
utilize the entire blocks of time and are permitted to pay only for the services
that are actually rendered. The majority of our trainers and consultants are
located in the United States. Our distributors and other resellers typically
provide training and consulting services to their customers themselves, assisted
by us as necessary.
Sales and Marketing
We sell our products through our direct sales force in North America,
as well as through our indirect distribution channels, consisting of software
distributors, independent software vendors and system integrators, in North
America as well as in countries where we have no direct sales operations. As of
December 31, 1999, we had 39 people in our sales and marketing organization. We
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intend to continue to significantly increase the size of our direct sales force
and to establish additional sales offices domestically and internationally.
Our indirect distribution channels have capabilities that complement
and augment our eBusiness solution and extend our market reach. In particular,
independent software vendors often contribute industry-specific and
application-specific expertise as well as large scale project management
capabilities that enable us to address a broad range of vertical markets.
Independent software vendors and system integrators often package or incorporate
our products with their products or solutions. This enables us to create
combined offerings that address specific needs, particularly for specific
vertical markets, and provide more complete and tailored offerings.
Our marketing efforts are focused on developing greater awareness among
our target customers of our solution and the benefits it can provide. We market
our products and services through eMarketing, tradeshows and public relations
activities. We have developed a wide range of collateral materials and sales
tools that are used by our direct sales force and our indirect distribution
channels. These materials include brochures, white papers, case studies, press
releases and our Web site.
Customers
Our customers include both end-users to whom we sell our products and
services directly and distributors and other intermediaries who either resell
our products to end-users or incorporate our products into their own product
offerings. As of December 31, 1999, Jacada for Java was licensed to over 100
end-users and our other products were licensed to several hundred additional
end-users. Typical end-users of our products and services are medium to large
businesses with sophisticated technology requirements.
Typical ways that companies are using our solutions to rapidly
implement eBusiness initiatives include:
o Automotive companies are using our solutions to enhance the
quality of their services by enabling dealers in their networks
to utilize previously centralized sales and inventory management
systems to locate and order cars and parts inventory.
o Retailers are using our solutions to enable existing back-office
software applications to be used to receive and process orders
from customers and to send orders to suppliers via the Internet.
o A car rental company is utilizing our solutions to permit
employees of an insurance company to check availability and order
cars for their insured customers via the Internet.
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o Enterprise resource planning software vendors are utilizing our
solutions in concert with their manufacturing applications
software to enable their customers to manage the customers'
manufacturing and inventory processes via the Internet.
o Insurance companies are using our solutions to enable customers
to access account information via the Internet.
Research and Development
We believe that strong product development capabilities are essential
to our strategy of continuing to enhance and expand the capabilities of our
products in order to continue to provide our customers with eBusiness enabling
solutions. We have invested significant time and resources in creating a
structured process for undertaking all product development. This process
involves several functional groups at all levels within our organization and is
designed to provide a framework for defining and addressing the activities
required to bring product concepts and development projects to market
successfully. In addition, we have recruited key software engineers and
developers with experience in Java, communications, expert systems and Internet
technologies.
Our research and developments efforts have been primarily focused on
enhancing and adding functionality to our existing products and adding new
products based on our expectations of future technologies and industry trends.
Our research and development expenses were $1.5 million for the year
ended December 31, 1997, $2.4 million for the year ended December 31, 1998 and
$3.3 million for the year ended December 31, 1999. As of December 31, 1999, 49
professionals were engaged in research and development activities.
Competition
The eBusiness enabling software market is extremely competitive and
subject to rapid change. We believe that the competitive factors affecting the
market for our products and services include:
o product functionality and features;
o availability of global support;
o incumbency of vendors;
o ease of product implementation;
o quality of customer support services; and
o product reputation.
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The relative importance of each of these factors depends upon the
specific customer environment. Although we believe that our products and
services currently compete favorably with respect to these factors, we may not
be able to maintain our competitive position against current and potential
competitors. In addition, many companies choose to deploy their own information
technology personnel or utilize system integrators to write new code or rewrite
existing applications in an effort to develop eBusiness solutions. As a result,
prospective clients may decide against purchasing and implementing externally
developed and produced solutions such as ours.
We compete with companies that utilize varying approaches to enable
host-centric software applications to be utilized over the Internet. These
companies include Active Software, Attachmate, CrossWorlds, IBM, New Era of
Networks, OpenConnect, Seagull, and Vitria. We expect additional competition
from other established and emerging companies. Furthermore, our competitors may
combine with each other, or other companies may enter our markets by acquiring
or entering into strategic relationships with our competitors.
Employees
As of December 31, 1999, we had 75 employees in Israel, 69 in the
United States and 3 in Europe. Of our 147 employees, 49 were engaged in research
and development, 39 in sales, marketing and business development, 36 in
professional services and technical support and 23 in finance, administration
and operations. None of our employees is represented by a labor union.
We are subject to Israeli labor laws and regulations with respect to
our Israeli employees. These laws principally concern matters such as paid
annual vacation, paid sick days, length of the workday and work week, minimum
wages, pay for overtime, insurance for work-related accidents, severance pay and
other conditions of employment.
Furthermore, we and our Israeli employees are subject to provisions of
the collective bargaining agreements between the Histadrut (General Federation
of Labor in Israeli) and the Coordination Bureau of Economic Organizations
(including the Industrialists Association) by order of the Israeli Ministry of
Labor and Welfare. These provisions principally concern cost of living
increases, recreation pay and other conditions of employment. To date, we have
not experienced any work stoppages.
Investment Considerations
Readers are cautioned that investment in Jacada is subject to a number
of risks. Readers should consider carefully all information set forth herein and
in particular the following risks in connection with an investment in Jacada:
We have a limited operating history in our current principal market and
with our current principal product. We therefore cannot be certain that our
business strategy will be successful. We were founded in 1990. However, our
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strategic focus has been on our current principal market, the eBusiness enabling
software market, only since 1996. Our main source of income is currently our
Jacada for Java product, which was released in August 1997. Because of our
limited experience in our principal market and with our principal product, we
cannot assure you that our strategy for operating in that market or selling that
product will be successful.
We have a history of losses, we may not achieve or maintain
profitability. We have incurred net losses in each fiscal year since our
inception. We incurred net losses of approximately $2.9 million for the year
ended December 31, 1998 and $6,000 for the year ended December 31, 1999. We
intend to increase our aggregate product development, sales and marketing and
administrative expenses significantly over the next 12 months. To achieve and
maintain profitability, we will need to increase revenues significantly. We
cannot assure you that our revenues will grow or that we will achieve or
maintain profitability in the future. Our ability to increase revenue and
achieve profitability will be affected by the other risks and uncertainties
described in this section and in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
Our revenues are largely dependent on sales of our Jacada for Java
product and related services. Our business could be materially harmed by factors
that adversely affect the pricing and demand for this product. We currently
derive in excess of 80% of our revenues from sales of our Jacada for Java
product and related services. We expect revenues from this product to continue
to account for a substantial portion of our future revenues. As a result,
factors adversely affecting the pricing of or demand for our Jacada for Java
product, such as competition and technological change, could have a material
adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If our Jacada for Java product does not achieve market acceptance or if our
competitors release new products that achieve greater market acceptance, have
more advanced features, offer better performance or are more price-competitive,
revenues from this product may not grow as expected and may decline.
Our eBusiness enabling products may not achieve market acceptance. If
eBusiness enabling products such as ours are not widely adopted, our business
could suffer. Our products are complex and generally involve significant capital
expenditures by our customers. We do not have a long history of selling our
products and we will have to devote substantial resources to educate prospective
customers about the benefits of our products. Our efforts to educate potential
customers may not result in our products achieving market acceptance. In
addition, many prospective customers have made significant investments in
internally-developed or customized systems and would incur significant costs in
switching to third-party products such as ours. Furthermore, even if our
products are effective, our target customers may not choose them for technical,
cost, support or other reasons. If the market for our products fails to grow or
grows more slowly than we anticipate, our business could suffer.
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Competition in the market for eBusiness enabling software is intense.
If we are unable to compete effectively, the demand for, or the prices of, our
products may be reduced. The market for eBusiness enabling software is extremely
competitive and subject to rapid change. We compete in that market with
companies that utilize varying approaches to enable host-centric software
applications to be utilized over the Internet. These companies include Active
Software, Attachmate, CrossWorlds, IBM, New Era of Networks, OpenConnect,
Seagull, and Vitria.
We expect additional competition from other established and emerging
companies. Furthermore, our competitors may combine with each other and other
companies may enter our markets by acquiring or entering into strategic
relationships with our competitors.
In addition, many companies choose to deploy their own information
technology personnel or utilize system integrators to write new code or rewrite
existing applications in an effort to develop their own eBusiness enabling
solutions. As a result, prospective clients may decide against purchasing and
implementing externally-developed and produced solutions such as ours.
Many of our current and potential competitors have significantly
greater financial, technical and marketing resources, greater name recognition
and larger customer bases than we do. Our present or future competitors may be
able to develop products comparable or superior to ours; adapt more quickly than
we do to new technologies, evolving industry trends or customer requirements; or
devote greater resources than we do to the development, promotion and sale of
products. Accordingly, we may not be able to compete effectively in our markets,
competition may intensify and future competition may harm our business.
Our software license revenues result from a relatively small number of
sales, some of which generate disproportionately large revenues. In addition,
our sales cycle is lengthy. Sales of our products are also subject to
seasonality. These factors may cause our revenues to fluctuate materially from
period to period. If we fail to meet market expectations in any individual
period, our stock price could decline significantly. Our software license
revenues result from a relatively small number of sales, some of which generate
disproportionately large revenues. These sales typically involve significant
capital investment decisions by prospective customers, as well as a significant
amount of time to educate them as to the benefits of our products. As a result,
before purchasing our products, companies spend a substantial amount of time
performing internal reviews and obtaining capital expenditure approvals. It
typically takes up to six months from the time we first contact a prospective
customer before receiving an initial order. This cycle may lengthen in the
future.
Sales of our products and services tend to be lower in our first
quarter, and higher in our fourth quarter, due to the capital budgeting and
purchasing cycles of our current and prospective customers. It is difficult for
us to evaluate the degree to which this seasonality may affect our business
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because our growth may have largely overshadowed this seasonality in recent
periods.
Because of these factors, our quarterly revenues may fluctuate
materially and may not meet market expectations in any individual period. This
would likely cause the price of our ordinary shares to decline. Further,
period-to-period comparisons of our revenues will not necessarily be meaningful.
As a result, you should not rely upon them as an indication of future
performance.
The expansion of our direct sales force and indirect distribution
channels will be difficult, will take time and will be costly. Our growth could
be limited if we fail to achieve this expansion. We need to expand our direct
sales force in order to significantly increase market awareness of our products
and to generate increased revenue. New sales personnel will require training and
it will take time for them to achieve full productivity. There is strong
competition for qualified sales personnel in our business, and we may not be
able to attract and retain a sufficient number of new sales personnel to expand
our operations. Our cost of sales will increase as a percentage of revenues
while we expand our direct sales force. Unless this expansion results in a
proportionate increase in revenues, our margins and business may be adversely
affected.
In addition, we believe that our future success is dependent upon the
expansion of our indirect distribution channels, consisting of our relationships
with independent software vendors, software distributors and system integrators.
We currently have relationships with only a limited number of these indirect
distribution channels. Nevertheless, we have derived, and we anticipate that we
will continue to derive, a significant portion of our revenues from these
relationships.
Our future growth will be limited if:
o we fail to work effectively with our indirect distribution
channels;
o we fail to increase the number of indirect distribution channels
with which we have relationships;
o the business of one or more of our indirect distribution channels
fails; or
o there is a decrease in the willingness and ability of our
indirect distribution channels to devote sufficient resources and
efforts to marketing and supporting our products.
If any of these circumstances occurs, we will have to devote
substantially more resources to the distribution, sales, marketing,
implementation and support of our products than we otherwise would, and our own
efforts may not be as effective as those of our indirect distribution channels.
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Our growth could be limited if we fail to hire additional consultants
and sales implementation personnel. We rely on our staff of professional
consultants and other technical service personnel to implement our solutions
after purchases by our customers. Unless we hire, train and retain additional
consultants and sales implementation personnel, it will be difficult for us to
increase our present level of sales due to constraints on our capacity to
implement additional sales.
Rapid changes and developments in the eBusiness enabling software
market could cause our products to become obsolete or require us to redesign our
products. The eBusiness enabling software market is characterized by rapid
technological change, frequent new product introductions and emerging industry
standards, particularly those related to electronic commerce. We also expect
that the rapid evolution of Internet-based applications and standards, as well
as general technology trends such as changes in or introductions of operating
systems, will require us to adapt our products to remain competitive. Our
products could become obsolete and unmarketable if we are unable to adapt to new
technologies or standards.
To be successful, we will need to develop and introduce new products
and product enhancements that respond to technological changes, evolving
industry standards and other market changes and developments in a timely manner
and on a cost-effective basis. Although we plan to continue to spend substantial
amounts of the cash generated from our operations for research and development
expenditures over the next two years, we cannot assure you that we will develop
these types of products and product enhancements successfully or that our
products will achieve broad market acceptance. Our failure to respond in a
timely and cost-effective manner to new and evolving technologies and other
market changes and developments could adversely impact our business.
We rely on our founders and other key personnel, whose knowledge of our
business and technical expertise would be extremely difficult to replace. Our
future success depends, to a significant degree, on the continued services of
our founders, Gideon Hollander and Nimrod Gil-Ad, as well as other key
management, sales and technical personnel. We have entered into employment
agreements with our officers and key employees. Each of these agreements can be
terminated by either party upon up to 90 days prior notice. We do not maintain
life insurance policies on most of our employees. The loss of services of any of
our management for any reason could have a material adverse effect on our
business, financial condition and results of operations. We are also dependent
on our ability to attract, retain and motivate highly skilled personnel. In the
markets in which we recruit, competition for qualified personnel is extremely
intense and is characterized by rapidly increasing salaries. As a result, our
operating expenses may increase or our ability to recruit and retain qualified
candidates may be limited.
We expect to be increasingly subject to risks of international
operations. We currently market and sell our products and services primarily in
North America, from which we received approximately 81% of our total revenues
for the year ended December 31, 1999. However, we plan to increase our
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<PAGE>
international operations, particularly in Europe. This expansion will require
significant management attention and financial resources. Further, we currently
have limited experience in marketing and distributing our products
internationally. Our inability to successfully increase our international
operations could adversely impact our business.
To date, we have not used risk management techniques or "hedged" the
risks associated with fluctuations in foreign exchange rates.
Our products may contain unknown defects that could harm our
reputation, result in product liability or decrease market acceptance of our
products. Our products may contain errors or defects, particularly when first
introduced or when new versions or enhancements are released. Although we have
not experienced any material software defects to date, defects could cause our
customers to experience system failures. Our customers depend on our software
for their critical systems and business functions. Any interruptions could:
o damage our reputation;
o increase our product development costs;
o divert our product development resources;
o cause us to lose future sales; or
o delay or diminish market acceptance of our products.
Although we conduct extensive testing, we may not discover software
defects that affect our products or enhancements until after they are sold.
Furthermore, we are unable to test our products in each of the applications in
which they are designed to work.
Our products are integrated with our customers' networks and software
applications. The sale and support of our products may entail the risk of
product liability or warranty claims based on damage to these networks or
applications. In addition, the failure of our products to perform to customer
expectations could give rise to warranty claims. Any of these claims, even if
not meritorious, could result in costly litigation or divert management's
attention and resources. Our current insurance coverage would likely be
insufficient to protect us from all liability that may be imposed under these
types of claims.
Our technology may be subject to infringement claims or may be
infringed upon. Our success and ability to compete are substantially dependent
upon our internally developed technology. Most of our intellectual property,
other than our trademarks, consists of proprietary or confidential information
that is not subject to patent or similar protection. Despite our efforts to
protect our intellectual property rights, unauthorized third parties may attempt
to copy or otherwise obtain and use the technology protected by those rights.
Any infringement of our intellectual property could have a material adverse
13
<PAGE>
effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Furthermore, policing unauthorized use of our products is difficult and costly,
particularly in countries where the laws may not protect our proprietary rights
as fully as in the United States.
Although we do not believe that we infringe upon any patent, trademark
or other intellectual property rights of others, we cannot be certain that one
or more persons will not make a claim of infringement against us. Any claims,
with or without merit, could:
o be expensive and time-consuming to defend;
o cause product shipment and installation delays;
o divert management's attention and resources; or
o require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements, which
may not be available on acceptable terms, or may not be available
at all.
A successful claim of product infringement against us or our failure or
inability to license the infringed or similar technology could have a material
adverse affect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In September 1998, we received a letter from a corporation informing us
that the corporation had been issued a U.S. patent "which involves Web-To-Host
Connectivity." We understand that the corporation sent similar letters to a
number of companies in addition to us. We do not believe that we infringe upon
the patent in question. Moreover, none of the core products that we currently
produce or sell utilizes any of the technology that the patent purports to
cover. However, if the corporation that sent us the letter were to assert a
claim of infringement against us, the risks referred to above would apply to
that claim.
Risks Related to Our Location in Israel
Israeli courts might not enforce judgments rendered outside of Israel.
We are organized under the laws of the State of Israel and we maintain
significant operations in Israel. Certain of our officers and directors and the
Israeli experts appearing in this annual report reside outside of the United
States. Therefore, you might not be able to enforce any judgment obtained in the
United States against us or any of such persons. Additionally, you might not be
able to bring civil actions under United States securities laws if you file a
lawsuit in Israel. We have been advised by our Israeli counsel that, subject to
certain limitations, Israeli courts may enforce a final executory judgment of a
United States court for liquidated amounts in civil matters after a hearing in
Israel, provided that certain conditions are met. We have appointed Jacada Inc.,
our United States subsidiary, as our agent to receive service of process in any
action against us arising out of our initial public offering. We have not given
our consent for our agent to accept service of process in connection with any
other claim. If a foreign judgment is enforced by an Israeli court, it will be
payable in Israeli currency.
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<PAGE>
Conditions in Israel could adversely affect our operations. We are
organized under the laws of the State of Israel and our principal research and
development facilities are located in Israel. We are therefore directly
influenced by the political, economic and military conditions affecting Israel.
Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, a number of armed
conflicts have taken place between Israel and its Arab neighbors. Any major
hostilities involving Israel or the interruption or curtailment of trade between
Israel and its present trading partners could adversely affect our operations.
Despite the progress towards peace between Israel and its Arab neighbors, there
can be no assurance that ongoing or revived hostilities or other factors related
to Israel will not have a material adverse effect on us or our business.
Exchange rate fluctuations between the dollar and the NIS may
negatively affect our earnings. A substantial majority of our revenues and a
substantial portion of our expenses are denominated in dollars. However, a
significant portion of the costs associated with our Israeli operations,
including personnel and facilities related expenses, is incurred in NIS.
Consequently, inflation in Israel will have the effect of increasing the dollar
cost of our operations in Israel, unless it is offset on a timely basis by a
devaluation of the NIS relative to the dollar.
Any failure to obtain the tax benefits from the State of Israel that we
anticipate receiving could adversely affect our plans and prospects. Pursuant to
the Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959, the Israeli
government has granted "Approved Enterprise" status to our existing capital
investment programs. Consequently, we are eligible for certain tax benefits for
the first several years in which we generate taxable income. However, we have
not yet begun to generate taxable income for purposes of this law. Once we begin
to generate taxable income, our financial condition could suffer if our tax
benefits were significantly reduced.
In order to receive tax benefits, we must comply with a number of
conditions and criteria. If we fail to comply in whole or in part with these
conditions and criteria, the tax benefits that we receive could be partially or
fully canceled and we could be forced to refund the amount of the benefits we
received, adjusted for inflation and interest. We believe that we have operated
and will continue to operate in compliance with the required conditions,
although we cannot be certain.
From time to time, the Government of Israel has discussed reducing or
eliminating the benefits available under the Approved Enterprise program. We
cannot assure you that these tax benefits will be continued in the future at
their current levels or at all. The termination or reduction of tax benefits
could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and
results of operations. In addition, in the event that we increase our activities
outside the State of Israel due to, for example, future acquisitions, our
increased activities generally will not be eligible for inclusion in Israeli tax
benefit programs. Accordingly, our effective corporate tax rate could increase
significantly in the future.
15
<PAGE>
Item 2. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY
As of December 31, 1999, our headquarters and principal administrative,
finance and research and development operations were located in approximately
16,000 square feet of leased office space in Herzliya, Israel. The lease expires
in September 2002 with two options each for two additional years. In the United
States, we lease approximately 10,400 square feet in Atlanta, Georgia which we
utilize for marketing, sales, service and technical support. The lease expires
in June 2002. We also leased office space in Boston, Massachusetts and Chicago,
Illinois which we utilize for marketing and sales. We expect that we will need
additional space as we expand our business and believe that we will be able to
obtain such space as needed.
Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are, from time to time, a party to legal proceedings incident to our
business. For example, on August 31, 1999, a former distributor filed with the
American Arbitration Association an arbitration complaint against one of our
subsidiaries. The arbitration complaint alleges, among other things, that our
subsidiary breached its agreement with the former distributor by directly
selling to a customer products which the distributor had an exclusive right to
sell to the customer, and that the distributor is entitled to damages of $3.5
million. Our management believes that our subsidiary did not breach its
agreement with the distributor and that no damages were caused to the
distributor. Moreover, the agreement with the distributor sets a limit on the
subsidiary's liability under the agreement. Our management believes that the
limit is approximately $200,000. Hence, we do not believe that the arbitration
proceeding will have any material impact upon us. We also do not believe that
any other legal proceeding to which we have been or currently are a party has
had, or is likely to have, a material impact upon us.
Item 4. CONTROL OF REGISTRANT
Jacada's Share Ownership
The table below sets forth certain information regarding the
beneficial ownership of Jacada's capital stock as of March 1, 2000 by (i) each
beneficial owner of 10% or more of Jacada's voting securities and (ii) the total
amount of Jacada's voting securities owned by Jacada's officers and directors as
a group.
Name of Beneficial Owner (1) Capital Stock Percentage
------------- ----------
Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.(1).................... 1,781,513 10%
All executive officers and directors as a group
(eleven persons)................................ 4,182,529 22.4%
- ----------
(1) Represents 1,781,513 ordinary shares owned by certain investment
partnerships, of which affiliates of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. ("GS
Group") are the general partner, managing general partner or investment
manager, including (a) 1,117,763 ordinary shares held by GS Capital
Partners II, L.P.; (b) 444,368 ordinary shares held by GS Capital Partners
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<PAGE>
II Offshore, L.P.; (c) 41,227 ordinary shares held by Goldman Sachs & Co.
Verwaltungs GmbH; (d) 119,925 ordinary shares held by Stone Street Fund
1997, L.P.; and (e) 58,230 ordinary shares held by Bridge Street Fund 1997,
L.P. GS Group disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares owned by such
investment partnerships to the extent attributable to partnership interests
therein held by persons other than GS Group and its affiliates. Each of
such investment partnerships shares voting and investment power with
certain of its respective affiliates. The address of GS Group is 85 Broad
Street, New York, NY 10004.
Item 5. NATURE OF TRADING MARKETING
The Company's Ordinary Shares are quoted on the NASDAQ National Market
under the symbol "JCDA."
The following table shows the high and low sale prices of the Ordinary
Shares of the Company in the indicated quarters. Trading in the Company's shares
commenced on October 14, 1999.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 HIGH LOW
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10/14/99 - 12/31/99 37 3/8 8
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Item 6. EXCHANGE CONTROLS AND OTHER LIMITATIONS AFFECTING SECURITY HOLDERS
In 1998, the Israeli currency control regulations were liberalized
significantly, as a result of which Israeli residents generally may freely deal
in foreign currency and non-residents of Israel currency and assets. There are
currently no Israeli currency control restrictions on remittances of dividends
on the ordinary shares or the proceeds from the sale of the shares provided all
taxes were paid or withheld; however, legislation remains in effect pursuant to
which currency controls can be imposed by administration action at any time.
Non-residents of Israel may freely hold and trade our securities.
Neither our Memorandum of Association nor our Articles of Association nor the
laws of the State of Israel restrict in any way the ownership or voting of
Ordinary Shares by non-residents, except that such restrictions may exist with
respect to citizens of countries which are in a state of war with Israel.
Israeli residents are allowed to purchase our Ordinary Shares.
Item 7. TAXATION
The following is a summary of the principal tax laws applicable to
companies in Israel, with special reference to their effect on us, and certain
Israeli Government programs benefiting us. This section also contains a
discussion of certain Israeli tax consequences to persons acquiring ordinary
17
<PAGE>
shares. This summary does not discuss all the acts of Israeli tax law that may
be relevant to a particular investor in light of his or her personal investment
circumstances or to certain types of investors subject to special treatment
under Israeli law, such as traders in securities or persons that own, directly
or indirectly, 10% or more of our outstanding voting share capital. To the
extent that the discussion is based on new tax legislation which has not been
subject to judicial or administrative interpretation, there can be no assurance
that the views expressed in this discussion will be accepted by the tax
authorities. The discussion should not be construed as legal or professional tax
advice and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations.
Potential investors are urged to consult their own tax advisors as to
the Israeli or other tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition
of ordinary shares, including, in particular, the effect of any foreign, state
or local taxes.
General Corporate Tax Structure
The general corporate tax rate in Israel is currently 36%. However, the
effective tax rate payable by a company which derives income from an "Approved
Enterprise" may be considerably less.
Under the Law for the Encouragement of Industry (Taxes), 1969, which is
referred to below as the Industry Encouragement Law, a company qualifies as an
"Industrial Company" if it is resident in Israel and at least 90% of its income
in a given tax year, determined in NIS, exclusive of income from certain loans,
marketable securities, capital gains, interest and dividends, is derived from
Industrial Enterprises owned by it. An "Industrial Enterprise" is defined as an
enterprise whose major activity in a given tax year is industrial manufacturing.
We currently qualify as an Industrial Company.
Pursuant to the Industry Encouragement Law, an Industrial Company is
entitled to deduct the purchase price of know how, patents or rights over a
period of eight years beginning with the year in which such rights were first
used, and is also entitled to deduct 33.3% per annum of expenses incurred in
connection with the issuance of publicly-traded shares over a period of three
years from the time the expenses were incurred.
Moreover, Industrial Enterprises which are Approved Enterprises can
choose between the regular depreciation rates and accelerated rates of
depreciation applied on a straight-line basis in respect of property and
equipment, generally ranging from 200% in respect of equipment to 400% of the
ordinary depreciation rates in respect of buildings during the first five years
of service of the assets, subject to a ceiling of 20% per year with respect to
depreciation of buildings.
Qualification as an Industrial Company under the Industrial
Encouragement Law is not conditioned upon the receipt of prior approval from any
Israeli Government authority. No assurance can be given that we will continue to
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<PAGE>
qualify as an Industrial Company or will in the future be able to avail
ourselves of any benefits available to companies so qualifying.
Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959
The Law for Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959, which is
referred to below as the Capital Investments Law, provides that capital
investments in a production facility or other eligible assets may, upon
application to the Israeli Investment Center of the Ministry of Industry and
Commerce, be designated as an "Approved Enterprise." Each certificate of
approval for an Approved Enterprise relates to a specific investment program in
the Approved Enterprise, delineated both by the financial scope of the
investment and by the physical characteristics of the facility or the asset. An
Approved Enterprise is entitled to certain benefits, including Israeli
Government cash grants, state-guaranteed loans and tax benefits.
Tax Benefits
Taxable income derived from an Approved Enterprise is subject to a
reduced corporate tax rate of 25%. That income is eligible for further
reductions in tax rates depending on the percentage of the foreign investment in
our share capital conferring rights to profits, voting and appointment of
directors and the percentage of its combined share and loan capital owned by
non-Israeli residents. The tax rate is 20% if the foreign investment is 49% or
more but less than 74%, 15% if the foreign investment is 74% or more but less
than 90% and 10% if the foreign investment is 90% or more. The lowest level of
foreign investment during the year will be used to determine the relevant tax
rate for that year. These tax benefits are granted for a limited period not
exceeding seven years or 10 years for a company whose foreign investment level
exceeds 25% from the first year in which the Approved Enterprise has taxable
income. The period of benefits may in no event, however, exceed the lesser of 12
years from the year in which the production commenced or 14 years from the year
of receipt of Approved Enterprise status.
An Approved Enterprise approved after April 1, 1986 may elect to forego
any entitlement to the grants otherwise available under the Capital Investments
Law and, in lieu of the foregoing, may participate in an Alternative Benefits
Program, under which the undistributed income from the Approved Enterprise is
fully exempt from corporate tax for a defined period of time. The period of tax
exemption ranges between two and ten years commencing in the first year in which
the company generates taxable income, depending upon the location within Israel
of the Approved Enterprise and the type of the Approved Enterprise. On
expiration of the exemption period, the Approved Enterprise would be eligible
for the otherwise applicable beneficial tax rates under the Capital Investments
Law, ranging from 10% to 25%, for the remainder, if any, of the otherwise
applicable benefits period. There can be no assurance that the current benefit
programs will continue to be available or that we will continue to qualify for
benefits under the current programs.
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We currently have Approved Enterprise programs under the Capital
Investments Law, which entitle us to certain tax benefits. The tax benefit
period for these programs has not yet commenced. We have elected to participate
in three Alternative Benefit Programs. Income derived from our Alternative
Benefit Programs is exempt from tax for a period of two years, commencing in the
first year in which we generate taxable income from the Approved Enterprise. For
the five years following this two year period of exemption, we are subject to a
reduced tax rate of 25%. See note 11 to our consolidated financial statements.
A company that has elected to participate in the Alternative Benefits
Program and that subsequently pays a dividend out of the income derived from the
Approved Enterprise during the tax exemption period will be subject to corporate
tax in respect of the amount distributed, including withholding tax thereon, at
the rate that would have been applicable had the company not elected the
Alternative Benefits Program, ranging from 10% to 25%. The dividend recipient is
taxed at the reduced rate of 15%, applicable to dividends from Approved
Enterprises if the dividend is distributed within 12 years after the benefits
period. The withholding tax rate will be 25% after such period. In the case of a
company with over 25% foreign investment level, as defined by law, the 12-year
limitation on reduced withholding tax on dividends does not apply. This tax
should be withheld by the company at source, regardless of whether the dividend
is converted into foreign currency. See "Withholdings and Capital Gains Taxes
Applicable to Non-Israeli Shareholders."
From time to time, the Israeli Government has discussed reducing the
benefits available to companies under the Capital Investments Law. The
termination or substantial reduction of any of the benefits available under the
Capital Investments Law could materially impact the cost of our future
investments.
Each application to the Investment Center is reviewed separately, and a
decision as to whether or not to approve such application is based, among other
things, on the then prevailing criteria set forth in the Capital Investments
Law, on the specific objectives of the applicant company set forth in such
application and on certain financial criteria of the applicant company.
Accordingly, there can be no assurance that any such application will be
approved. In addition, the benefits available to an Approved Enterprise are
conditional upon the fulfillment of certain conditions stipulated in the Capital
Investments Law and its regulations and the criteria set forth in the specific
certificate of approval, as described above. In the event that these conditions
are violated, in whole or in part, we would be required to refund the amount of
tax benefits, together with linkage differences to the Israeli CPI and interest.
We believe that our Approved Enterprise programs operate in compliance with all
such conditions and criteria.
Other Benefits
An Approved Enterprise is also entitled to the following two other
incentives from the Israeli Government regardless of whether the Alternative
Benefits Program is elected:
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<PAGE>
o loans to Approved Enterprises, approved prior to January 1, 1997,
which also qualify as Industrial Companies, from banks and other
financial institutions, of up to 70% of approved project
expenditures, of which 75% or in certain cases 85%, are
State-guaranteed; and
o accelerated depreciation on property and equipment, generally
ranging from 200% with respect to equipment to 400% with respect
to buildings of the ordinary depreciation rates during the first
five tax years of the operation of these assets, subject to a
ceiling of 20% per year with respect to depreciation on
buildings.
Taxation Under Inflationary Conditions
The Income Tax (Inflationary Adjustment) Law, 1985, which is referred
to below as the Inflationary Adjustment Law, attempts to overcome some of the
problems presented to a traditional tax system by an economy experiencing rapid
inflation, which was the case in Israel at the time the law was enacted.
Generally, the Inflationary Adjustments Law provides significant tax deductions
and adjustments to depreciation methods and tax loss carry forwards to
compensate for loss of value resulting from an inflationary economy. Our taxable
income is subject to the provisions of this law.
The Israeli Income Tax Ordinance and the Inflationary Adjustments Law
allow "Foreign-Invested Companies," which maintain their accounts in dollars in
compliance with regulations published by the Israeli Minister of Finance, to
base their tax returns on their operating results as reflected in the dollar
financials statements or to adjust their tax returns based on exchange rate
changes rather than changes in the Israeli CPI, in lieu of the principles set
forth by the Inflationary Adjustments Law. For these purposes, a
"Foreign-Invested Company" is a company, more than 25% of whose share capital,
in terms of rights to profits, voting and appointment of directors, and of whose
combined share and loan capital is held by persons who are not residents of
Israel. A company that elects to measure its results for tax purposes based on
the dollar exchange rate cannot change that election for a period of three years
following the election. We believe that we qualify as a Foreign Investment
Company within the meaning of the Inflationary Adjustment Law. We have not yet
elected to measure our results for tax purposes based on the dollar exchange
rate, but may do so in the future.
Tax Benefits of Research and Development
Israeli tax law permits, under certain conditions, a tax deduction in
the year incurred for expenditures, including capital expenditures, in
scientific research and development projects, if the expenditures are approved
by the relevant government ministry, determined by the field of research, and if
the research and development is for the promotion of the enterprise and is
carried out by, or on behalf of, a company seeking such deduction. Expenditures
not so approved are deductible over a three year period; however, expenditures
made out of proceeds made available to us through government grants are not
deductible.
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To date, certain of our research and development programs have been
approved by the Chief Scientist and we have been able to deduct, for tax
purposes, a portion of our research and development expenses net of the grants
received.
Withholding and Capital Gains Taxes Applicable to Non-Israeli Shareholders
Nonresidents of Israel are subject to income tax on income accrued or
derived from sources in Israel or received in Israel. These sources of income
include passive income such as dividends, royalties and interest, as well as
non-passive income from services rendered in Israel. We are generally required
to withhold income tax at the rate of 25%, or 15% for dividends generated by an
Approved Enterprise, on all distributions of dividends.
Israeli law imposes a capital gains tax on the sale of securities and
other capital assets. Under current law, however, sales of our ordinary shares
offered by this annual report are exempt from Israeli capital gains tax for so
long as
o the shares are quoted on Nasdaq or listed on a stock exchange
recognized by the Israeli Ministry of Finance,
o we continue to qualify as an Industrial Company or Industrial
Holding Company, and
o the shares are not held for business purposes.
Furthermore, under the income tax treaty between the United States and
Israel, a holder of ordinary shares who is a United States resident will be
exempt from Israeli capital gains tax on the sale, exchange or other disposition
of such ordinary shares unless the holder owns, directly or indirectly, 10% or
more of our voting power.
A nonresident of Israel who receives interest, dividend or royalty
income derived from or accrued in Israel, from which tax was withheld at the
source, is generally exempt from the duty to file tax returns in Israel with
respect to such income, provided such income was not derived from a business
conducted in Israel by the taxpayer.
Israel presently has no estate or gift tax.
Item 8. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following table sets forth the consolidated selected statements of
operations, balance sheet and other data for the Company for the periods
indicated. The selected consolidated statement of operations data for the years
ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999, and the selected consolidated balance
sheet data as of December 31, 1998 and 1999, have been derived from our audited
financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this annual
report. These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S.
GAAP. The consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended
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December 31, 1995 and 1996, and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as
of December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997 are derived from audited consolidated
financial statements that are not included herein. The following selected
financial data are qualified by reference to and should be read in conjunction
with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations" and our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto
included elsewhere in the financial statements.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year Ended December 31,
-------------------------------------------------------
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
Revenues:
Software license ..................................... $ 333 $ 2,463 $ 3,432 $ 6,469 $ 8,831
Service and maintenance .............................. 472 1,273 2,169 3,019 5,768
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Total revenues .................................... 805 3,736 5,601 9,488 14,599
Cost of revenues:
Software license ..................................... 154 220 276 342 639
Service and maintenance .............................. 418 1,002 1,766 2,558 2,740
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Total cost of revenues ............................ 572 1,222 2,042 2,900 3,379
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Gross profit ............................................ 233 2,514 3,559 6,588 11,220
Operating expenses:
Research and development, net ........................ 757 1,134 1,515 2,440 3,267
Sales and marketing, net ............................. 1,090 2,280 4,464 5,411 6,529
General and administrative ........................... 551 856 1,033 1,637 1,960
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Total operating expenses .......................... 2,398 4,270 7,012 9,488 11,756
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Operating loss .......................................... (2,165) (1,756) (3,453) (2,900) (536)
Interest income (expense), net .......................... (44) 20 24 (19) 564
Other income (expense), net ............................. -- 9 -- (1) (34)
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Loss before income taxes ................................ (2,209) (1,727) (3,429) (2,920) (6)
Income taxes ............................................ -- 15 (6) -- --
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Net loss ................................................ $ (2,209) $ (1,742) $ (3,423) $ (2,920) $ (6)
=========== =========== =========== =========== ===========
Net loss per share:
Basic and diluted net loss per share .................... $ (0.40) $ (0.46) $ (0.92) $ (0.81) (0.0)
Weighted average number of shares used in computing basic
and diluted net loss per share ....................... 5,571,875 3,750,000 3,704,298 3,615,143 6,572,476
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
December 31,
---------------------------------------
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
---- ---- ---- ---- ----
(in thousands)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents..................... $1,371 $ 1,735 $ 3,044 $ 5,613 $ 5,141
Working capital............................... 1,723 (207) 727 1,148 53,315
Total assets.................................. 3,482 4,695 7,185 11,131 62,435
Long-term debt, net of current portion........ 23 117 92 90 186
Shareholders' equity.......................... 2,135 591 2,066 2,939 54,854
</TABLE>
Item 9. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
Overview
We develop, market and support software that enables businesses to
utilize their existing host-centric software applications to conduct business
over the Internet. We also provide related professional services, including
training, consulting, support and maintenance.
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We were incorporated in December 1990. In March 1994, we shipped our
first product, GUISys, now called Jacada for Windows. Until that time, our
operations consisted primarily of research and development, recruiting personnel
and raising capital. Since that time, we have continued to focus on these
activities, as well as on building our sales and marketing presence, expanding
and enhancing our product offerings, building relationships with third parties,
and supporting and maintaining our product deployments in an expanding customer
base.
We generate revenues from licensing our software products to customers
and providing customers with such services as training, consulting, support and
maintenance. Software license revenues constituted approximately 68.2% and 60.5%
of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 1998 and the year ended
December 31, 1999, respectively, while service and maintenance revenues
constituted approximately 31.8% and 39.5% of our total revenues, respectively,
for the same periods. The percentage of our revenues derived from the provision
of services and maintenance rose during 1999 primarily as a result of a change
in our consulting services billing practices from a fixed-cost basis to a time
and materials basis. We currently anticipate, although we cannot be certain,
that this percentage will decline over time as we do not expect that sales of
additional software licenses to existing customers will require significant
training and consulting services. Our gross margins on software license revenues
have historically been higher than our gross margins on service and maintenance
revenues. During the past 12 months, the rate of growth of our service and
maintenance revenues has exceeded the rate of growth of our license revenues.
Prior to 1998, we recognized software license revenues in accordance
with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Statement of
Position 91-1, meaning that we recognized sales of software licenses upon
shipment, provided that we had no remaining significant obligations and that
collection of payment was probable. Commencing in 1998, we began recognizing
revenues in accordance with the American Institute of Certified Public
Accountants Statement of Position 97-2, "Software Revenue Recognition," or SOP
97-2, as amended by Statement of Position 98-4. To date, our adoption of these
new standards has not had any material effect on our revenue recognition.
Software license revenues are comprised of perpetual or multi-year
software license fees primarily derived from contracts with our direct sales
customers and our indirect distribution channels. Under SOP 97-2, we recognize
software license revenues when a software license agreement has been executed or
a definitive purchase order has been received and the product has been delivered
to end-user customers, no significant obligations with regard to implementation
remain, the fee is fixed and determinable, and collectability is probable.
24
<PAGE>
Service and maintenance revenues are primarily comprised of revenues
from training and consulting fees and standard support and maintenance
agreements. Customers licensing our products generally purchase a standard
annual maintenance agreement. Revenues from maintenance agreements are
recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the agreement. In mid-1998,
we began to offer consulting services exclusively on an hourly rate plus
out-of-pocket expenses. Prior to that time, these services were offered on a
fixed-cost basis. We recognize service revenues from consulting and training at
the time that services are rendered, and in certain consulting contracts, using
the percentage of completion method.
Cost of software license revenues consists primarily of royalties to
the Office of the Chief Scientist of the State of Israel and, to a lesser
extent, costs of duplicating media and documentation. Cost of service and
maintenance revenues consists of compensation expense and related overhead costs
for personnel engaged in training, consulting, support and maintenance services
for our customers.
Since our inception, we have incurred substantial research and
development costs and have invested heavily in the expansion of our sales and
marketing and professional services organizations to build an infrastructure to
support our long-term growth strategy. Our full-time employees increased from 21
as of January 1, 1995 to 147 as of December 31, 1999. As a result of this growth
and other factors, we have incurred net losses in each fiscal year since our
inception. As of December 31, 1999, we had an accumulated shareholders' deficit
of $11.9 million.
Costs for the development of new software products and substantial
enhancements to existing software products are expensed as incurred until
technological feasibility has been established, at which time any additional
development costs are capitalized. Because we believe our current process for
developing software is completed concurrently with the establishment of
technological feasibility, no costs have been capitalized to date.
The functional currency of our operations is the dollar, which is the
primary currency in the economic environment in which we conduct our business. A
significant portion of the costs associated with our Israeli operations,
including personnel and facilities related expenses, is incurred in NIS. The
results of our operations are subject to fluctuations in the dollar-NIS exchange
rate which is influenced by various global economic factors including inflation
in Israel.
The foreign currency exchange rate effects for the years ended December
31, 1999, 1998 and 1997 were immaterial.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since our inception, we have funded operations primarily through the
private placement and public offering of equity securities and, to a lesser
extent, borrowings from financial institutions. As of December 31, 1999, we had
25
<PAGE>
cash and cash equivalents of $5.1 million and $50.5 million in U.S. Government
debentures. Cash used in operations includes expenditures associated with
development activities and marketing efforts related to promotion of our
products. For the year ended December 31, 1999, cash provided by operations was
$0.6 million, comprised of the net loss of $6,000, an increase in accounts
receivable of $0.8 million, partially offset by non-cash charges of $0.7
million, and an increase in accrued expenses of $0.9 million and a decrease in
deferred revenues of $1.1 million. For the year ended December 31, 1998, cash
used in operations was $2.3 million, comprised of the net loss of $2.9 million,
an increase in accounts receivable of $1.1 million, partially offset by non-cash
charges of $0.5 million, a decrease in other accounts receivable of $0.3 million
and an increase in deferred revenues of $1.0 million. For the year ended
December 31, 1997, cash used in operations was $2.7 million, comprised of the
net loss of $3.4 million, an increase in accounts receivable of $0.4 million,
partially offset by non-cash charges of $0.3 million, an increase in accrued
expenses of $0.5 million and an increase in deferred revenues of $0.2 million.
Expenditures on property and equipment were approximately $1 million,
$0.9 million and $0.9 million for the years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and
1997, respectively.
We have raised approximately $60.5 million, net of issuance costs, from
sales of equity securities from 1997 through December 31, 1999, consisting of
$51.8 million, $3.8 million and $4.9 million for the years ended December 31,
1999, 1998 and 1997.
We have financed our operations and capital requirements through equity
funding and bank borrowing in past years. We have a $3 million credit facility
with two banks which is secured by substantially all of our assets. We borrow
under the facility from time to time on terms that vary for each borrowing. As
of December 31, 1999, we had outstanding approximately $0.4 million of long-term
loans under this facility. These loans are generally repayable over a three year
period at an interest rate of LIBOR plus 2.0% per annum.
Our capital requirements depend on numerous factors, including market
acceptance of our products, the resources we devote to developing, marketing,
selling and supporting our products, the timing and extent of establishing
additional international operations and other factors. Over the next two years,
we expect to devote substantial capital resources to expand our sales and
marketing channels, invest in research and development activities, and increase
our professional services activities.
26
<PAGE>
Results of Operations
Our historical operating results for the years ended December 31, 1997,
1998 and 1999 as a percentage of net revenues are as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
-----------------------
1997 1998 1999
------- ------- -------
Revenues:
Software license ..................... 61.3% 68.2% 60.5%
Service and maintenance .............. 38.7 31.8 39.5
------- ------- -------
Total revenues .................. 100.0 100.0 100.0
Cost of revenues:
Software license ..................... 4.9 3.6 4.4
Service and maintenance .............. 31.5 27.0 18.8
------- ------- -------
Total cost of revenues .......... 36.4 30.6 23.2
------- ------- -------
Gross profit ............................ 63.6 69.4 76.8
Operating expenses:
Research and development, net ........ 27.1 25.7 22.4
Sales and marketing, net ............. 79.7 57.0 44.7
General and administrative ........... 18.4 17.3 13.4
------- ------- -------
Total operating expenses ........ 125.2 100.0 80.5
------- ------- -------
Operating loss .......................... (61.6) (30.6) (3.7)
Interest income (expense), net .......... 0.4 (0.2) 3.9
Other income (expense), net ............. -- -- (0.2)
------- ------- -------
Loss before income taxes ................ (61.2) (30.8) (0)
Income taxes ............................ 0.1 -- --
------- ------- -------
Net loss ................................ (61.1)% (30.8)% (0)%
======= ======= =======
Years Ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997
Revenues. Net revenues were $14.6 million, $9.5 million and $5.6
million for the years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively. The
increases in revenues during these periods were attributable to an increase in
both software license revenues and service and maintenance revenues. For the
years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, revenues from two customers
represented 13% and 10% of revenues, revenues from two customers represented 15%
and 12% of revenues and revenues from two customers represented 16% and 11% of
revenues, respectively.
Software license revenues were $8.8 million, or 60.5% of revenues, for
the year ended December 31, 1999, compared to $6.5 million, or 68.2% of
revenues, for the year ended December 31, 1998, and $3.4 million, or 61.3% of
revenues, for the year ended December 31, 1997. The increase in software license
revenues during these periods was primarily due to the growth of our customer
base, recurring sales to our installed base and an increase in average
transaction size.
Service and maintenance revenues were $5.8 million or 39.5% of revenues
for the year ended December 31, 1999 compared to $3.0 million, or 31.8% of
revenues, for the year ended December 31, 1998, and $2.2 million, or 38.7% of
27
<PAGE>
revenues, for the year ended December 31, 1997. The increases in service and
maintenance revenues during these periods were primarily a result of the
increased service and maintenance revenue associated with new software license
sales.
Cost of Revenues. Cost of revenues was $3.4 million, or 23.2% of
revenues, for the year ended December 31, 1999, compared to $2.9 million, or
30.6% of revenues, for the year ended December 31, 1998 and $2 million, or 36.4%
of revenues, for the year ended December 31, 1997. The increase in cost of
revenues during these periods was due to our increased revenues. The decrease in
cost of services resulted from the change in our consulting services billing
practices.
Cost of software license revenues was $0.6 million, or 7.2% of software
license revenues, for the year ended December 31, 1999, compared to $0.3
million, or 5.3% of software license revenues, for the year ended December 31,
1998, and $0.3 million, or 8.0% of software license revenues, for the year ended
December 31, 1997. The increase in cost of software license revenues as a
percentage of software license revenues was due to an increase in the payment of
royalties to the Office of the Chief Scientist.
Cost of service and maintenance revenues was $2.7 million, or 47.5% of
service and maintenance revenues, for the year ended December 31, 1999, compared
to $2.6 million, or 84.7% of service and maintenance revenues, for the year
ended December 31, 1998, and $1.8 million, or 81.4% of service and maintenance
revenues, for the year ended December 31, 1997. The increases from 1997 to 1998
and 1998 to 1999 were due 64% and 61%, respectively, to costs associated with
the increased headcount in our professional services organization and 36% and
39%, respectively, to costs associated with increased the headcount in our
technical support group. The decrease in percentage from 1998 to 1999 results
from the fact that in mid-1998, we began to offer consulting services
exclusively on an hourly rate plus out-of-pocket expenses. Prior to that time,
these services were offered on a fixed-cost basis.
Operating Expenses
Research and Development, Net. Research and development expenses were
$3.3 million, $2.4 million and $1.5 million for the years ended December 31,
1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively, net of grants from the Office of the Chief
Scientist of $0.0 million, $0.6 million and $0.6 million in each of 1999, 1998
and 1997. The increases during these periods were attributable primarily to the
addition of personnel in our research and development organization associated
with product development. As a percentage of total revenues, research and
development expenses were 22.4%, 25.7% and 27.1% for the years ended December
31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively.
Sales and Marketing, Net. Sales and marketing expenses were $6.5
million, $5.4 million, and $4.5 million for the years ended December 31, 1999,
1998 and 1997, respectively, net of grants from the Israeli Government's Fund
for the Encouragement of Marketing Activities of immaterial amounts received in
1997. The increases during these periods were attributable primarily to the
addition of sales and marketing personnel and increased commissions related to
28
<PAGE>
increased revenues and, to a lesser extent, to our efforts to expand our
marketing programs worldwide and increase brand awareness for our products. As a
percentage of total revenues, sales and marketing expenses were 44.7%, 57.0% and
79.7% for the years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses totaled
$2 million, $1.6 million and $1.0 million for the years ended December 31, 1999,
1998 and 1997, respectively. The increases in general and administrative
expenses were due primarily to increased personnel and related overhead to
support our growth. As a percentage of total revenues, general and
administrative expenses were 13.4%, 17.3% and 18.4% of total revenues for the
years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively.
Interest Income (Expense), Net. Net interest income was $564,000 for
the year ended December 31, 1999. Net interest expense was $19,000 for the year
ended December 31, 1998 and net interest income was $24,000 for the year ended
December 31, 1997.
Income Taxes. As of December 31, 1999, we had approximately $4.4 of net
operating loss carryforwards for Israeli tax purposes, approximately $4.5 of net
operating loss carryforwards for federal United States tax purposes and
approximately $1.9 of net losses carryforwards for United Kingdom tax purposes
available to offset future taxable income. The United States net operating loss
carryforwards expire in various amounts between the years 2010 and 2011. The
Israeli and the United Kingdom net operating loss carryforwards have no
expiration date.
ITEM 9A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for trading
purposes and, as of year end, the Company had no derivative financial
instruments of any kind outstanding. Accordingly, the Company has concluded that
there is no material market risk exposure of the type contemplated by Item 9A,
and that no quantitative tabular disclosures are required. The Company is
exposed to certain other types of market risks, as further described below.
We develop products in Israel and sell them in North America and
Europe. As a result, our financial results could be affected by factors such as
changes in foreign currency exchange rates or weak economic conditions in
foreign markets. As most of our sales are currently made in dollars, an increase
in the value of the dollar could make our products less competitive in foreign
markets. The foreign currency exchange rate effects for the year ended December
31, 1999, 1998 and 1997 were immaterial. Our interest expense is sensitive to
changes in LIBOR. Due to the nature and levels of our borrowings, we have
concluded that there is no material market risk exposure.
29
<PAGE>
The Company invests in investment grade U.S. corporate bonds and dollar
deposits with FDIC-insured United States banks. Since these investments carry
fixed interest rates and since the Company's policy and practice is to hold
these investments to maturity, interest income over the holding period is not
sensitive to changes in interest rates.
As of December 31, 1999, the Company had no other exposure to changes
in interest rates and had no interest rate derivative financial instruments
outstanding.
Item 10. DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS OF REGISTRANT
The following table sets forth certain information regarding our
executive officers and directors as of March 1, 2000:
Name Age Position
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gideon Hollander(1)(2) 34 Chief Executive Officer and Director
Ran Oz ................ 33 Chief Financial Officer and General Manager
Michael J. Potts ...... 37 President Jacada Inc. and World Wide Distribution
David Holmes .......... 44 Senior Vice President of Marketing
Robert Consoli ........ 36 Vice President of Sales
Eyran Blumberg ........ 34 Senior Vice President of Products
Nimrod Gil-Ad ......... 33 Vice President Research and Chief Technical Officer
Aramis Alvarez ........ 35 Senior Vice President of Operations
Boaz Dotan(1) ......... 57 Director
Yossie Hollander(1)(3) 41 Director
Jay B. Morrison(3) .... 52 Director
Amnon Shoham(1)(2)(3) . 42 Director
- ----------
(1) Member of the Executive Committee
(2) Member of the Compensation Committee
(3) Member of the Audit Committee
Gideon Hollander was a co-founder of Jacada in 1990 and has served as
our Chief Executive Officer since then. From 1988 to 1990, Mr. Hollander worked
in the area of research and development at Comverse Technology. From 1982 to
1987, Mr. Hollander served in various technology and management positions in an
elite unit of the Israeli Defense Forces, where he specialized in expert systems
and user interface design. Two of the projects that Mr. Hollander managed won
the most prominent Israeli award for technological innovations.
Ran Oz is our Chief Financial Officer and General Manager. From 1992 to
1994, Mr. Oz was a certified public accountant at Somech Chaikin, one of the
leading accounting firms in Israel, at that time the correspondent firm of Price
Waterhouse in Israel. Mr. Oz is a certified public accountant and holds masters
degrees in Business Administration and Economics and an undergraduate degree in
Accounting and Economics from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Michael J. Potts has been President of Jacada Inc. and World Wide
Distribution since 1998. From July 1995 to May 1998, Mr. Potts was a Senior Vice
30
<PAGE>
President of Jacada Inc. From September 1987 to April 1995, Mr. Potts held
various sales and sales management positions with Dun & Bradstreet Software, a
financial application software company, later acquired by Geac Computer
Corporation Limited, until his resignation as Eastern Regional Manager. Mr.
Potts holds an undergraduate degree in Marketing from the University of Georgia.
David Holmes has been Senior Vice President of Marketing since June
1998 and Vice President of Marketing since October 1995. From June 1991 to
October 1995, Mr. Holmes was Marketing Director for KnowledgeWare, an AD/Cycle
company, later acquired by Sterling. From March 1984 to June 1991 Mr. Holmes was
a consultant for Deloitte & Touche. Mr. Holmes holds a masters degree in
Decision Sciences from Georgia State University and an undergraduate degree in
Industrial Economics from Union College in Schenectady, New York.
Robert Consoli has been Vice President of Sales for North America since
February 1999. From February 1998 to February 1999, he was the District Sales
Manager for the Southeastern Region. From August 1996 to February 1998, Mr.
Consoli was the Southeastern Channels Manager for Forte Software, an application
development tools vendor. From November 1993 to July 1996, Mr. Consoli worked
for Visix software, an application development tool vendor. Mr. Consoli holds an
undergraduate degree in Aerospace Engineering from Auburn University and a
masters degree in Engineering Management from Southern Methodist University.
Eyran Blumberg has been the Senior Vice President of Products since
March 2000, prior to which Mr. Blumberg had been Vice President of Product
Planning and Management since September 1998. From October 1994 to August 1998,
Mr. Blumberg was Vice President of Customer Service and Technical Support. Mr.
Blumberg joined us in April 1994 and in September 1994 he established our United
States subsidiary, Jacada Inc. From 1991 to 1994, Mr. Blumberg was a business
management and information technology consultant for Plant Design Ltd. Mr.
Blumberg holds undergraduate degrees in Industrial Management Engineering and
Statistics from the Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
Nimrod Gil-Ad was a co-founder of Jacada in 1990 and currently serves
as our Vice President of Research and Chief Technology Officer. From 1988 to
1990, Mr. Gil-Ad worked at Algorithmic Research Limited, later acquired by
Cylink, a world leader in the fields of cryptography, access control and
communications security. From 1983 to 1988, Mr. Gil-Ad was part of an elite unit
in the Israel Defense Forces where he specialized in systems programming and
design. Mr. Gil-Ad directed the development of new software concepts including
one of the first full client/server systems in 1985. Mr. Gil-Ad holds an
undergraduate degree in Mathematics and Computer Science from the Tel-Aviv
University, Israel.
Aramis Alvarez has been our Senior Vice President of Operations since
January 2000, prior to which Mr. Alvarez had been our Vice President of
Professional Services since September 1999. From 1997 to 1999 Mr. Alvarez was
31
<PAGE>
Vice-President, International Services, for PeopleSoft, Inc., an enterprise
application software vendor. From 1996 to 1997 Mr. Alvarez was Vice-President,
Emerging Markets and from 1995 to 1996 Regional Vice-President, Southern Region,
U.S. both at PeopleSoft, Inc. From 1992 to 1995 Mr. Alvarez was Director of
Latin American Professional Services at Dun and Bradstreet Software.
Boaz Dotan has been a director of Jacada since November 1995. Mr. Dotan
was among the founders of Amdocs Ltd., the largest software vendor in Israel,
specialized in billing and yellow pages software and services for telephone
companies. Mr. Dotan joined Amdocs Ltd. in 1982 and held the position of
President and Chief Executive Officer until 1995, at which time he was appointed
Chairman of the Board of Directors until 1998. Mr. Dotan holds a bachelor of
science degree in Mathematics and Statistics from the Tel-Aviv University,
Israel.
Yossie Hollander has been chairman of the board of directors of Jacada
since November 1995 and a director since 1990. Mr. Hollander was a founder of,
and from 1983 to 1994 served as the Chief Executive Officer of, New Dimension
Software Ltd., an enterprise system and management software company that was
acquired by BMC Software in April 1999. Yossie Hollander is Gideon Hollander's
brother.
Jay B. Morrison has served as a director since November 1995. Dr.
Morrison is the founder and managing general partner of Newbury Ventures, Inc.,
a United States venture capital firm established in 1992. Dr. Morrison is also
the fund manager of Jerusalem Pacific Ventures L.P., one of our shareholders.
Prior to 1992, Dr. Morrison held a number of positions with Govett & Co. Ltd.
and European International Fund Management Company including the positions of
Chief Financial Officer and President of its venture capital subsidiary. Dr.
Morrison currently serves as a director of Fundtech Ltd. and in several other
privately held technology companies. He holds undergraduate and masters degrees
in Operations Research from Ohio State University and a doctorate in Business
Administration from the Haas School of Business at the University of California
at Berkeley.
Amnon Shoham has served as a director since January 1994. Mr. Shoham is
the managing director of Cedar Advisors Ltd., a position he has held since 1997.
From 1993 to 1997, Mr. Shoham served as a Managing Partner of Star Ventures, a
venture capital firm in Israel. Mr. Shoham serves as a director on the board of
directors of several private companies. Mr. Shoham holds a law degree from the
Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
Item 11. COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
Compensation of Directors and Officers
The aggregate remuneration we paid for the year ended December 31, 1999
to all executive officers as a group (7 persons), was $1.1 million in salaries,
fees, commissions and bonuses. This amount includes $10,000 set aside or accrued
to provide for pension, retirement or similar benefits provided to our directors
and executive officers.
32
<PAGE>
Directors of ours who are not executive officers do not receive
compensation for their service on the board of directors or any board of
directors committee. However, all non-management directors are reimbursed for
their expenses for each board of directors meeting attended.
As of December 31, 1999 options to purchase 1,467,604 ordinary shares
granted to our directors and executive officers under our option plans were
outstanding. The weighted average exercise price of these options was $2.52 per
share.
Item 12. OPTIONS TO PURCHASE SECURITIES FROM REGISTRANT OR SUBSIDIARIES
We currently maintain three option plans, the 1994 Option Plan, the
1996 Option Plan and the 1999 Option Plan.
The purpose of our option plans is to afford an incentive to officers,
directors, employees and consultants of ours, or any of our subsidiaries, to
acquire a proprietary interest in us, to continue as officers, directors,
employees and consultants, to increase their efforts on behalf of us and to
promote the success of our business.
We have reserved 3,960,450 ordinary shares for issuance upon the
exercise of options to be granted to officers, directors, employees and
consultants of ours or any of our subsidiaries. As of the date of this annual
report, options to purchase 2,356,136 ordinary shares were outstanding and
1,331,016 additional ordinary shares were available for grants of additional
options. The weighted average exercise price of options outstanding under our
option plans is $3.52.
Our option plans are administered by our board of directors and the
compensation committee of our board of directors. Under the option plans,
options to purchase our ordinary shares may be granted to officers, directors,
employees or consultants of ours or our subsidiaries. In addition, pursuant to
the option plans, the exercise price of options shall be determined by our
compensation committee but may not be less than the par value of the ordinary
shares. The vesting schedule of the options is also determined by our
compensation committee but generally the options vest over a three to four year
period. Each option granted under the option plans is exercisable until the
earlier of ten years from the date of the grant of the option or the expiration
dates of the respective option plans. The 1994 Option Plan, the 1996 Option Plan
and the 1999 Option Plan will expire on December 31, 2003, December 31, 2005 and
September 22, 2009, respectively.
Item 13. INTEREST OF MANAGEMENT IN CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS
Not Applicable
33
<PAGE>
PART II
Item 14. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES TO BE REGISTERED
Not Applicable.
PART III
Item 15. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
Item 16. CHANGES IN SECURITIES, CHANGES IN SECURITY FOR REGISTERED SECURITIES
AND USE OF PROCEEDS
There have been no changes in securities or changes in security for
registered securities.
The effective date of the registration statement (No. 333-10882) for
Jacada's initial public offering of its Ordinary Shares, NIS .01 par value, was
October 14, 1999. The offering commenced on October 20, 1999, and terminated
after the sale of all the securities registered. The managing underwriter of the
offering was Lehman Brothers. Jacada registered 5,175,000 ordinary shares in the
offering, including shares issued pursuant to the exercise of the underwriters'
over-allotment option. Jacada sold 5,175,000 ordinary shares at an aggregate
offering price of $56,925,000 ($11.00 per share). Under the terms of the
offering, Jacada incurred underwriting discounts of $3,984,750. Jacada also
incurred estimated expenses of $2,769,250 million in connection with the
offering. None of the amounts were paid directly or indirectly to any director,
officer, general partner of Jacada or their associates, persons owing ten
percent or more of any class of equity securities of Jacada, or an affiliate of
Jacada.
The net proceeds that Jacada received as a result of the offering were
$50,568,390. As of December 31, 1999, the net proceeds have been used as
follows: $50,519,000 has been used to purchase U.S. Government debentures and
the balance has been used for general corporate purposes. None of the net
proceeds of the offering were paid directly or indirectly to any director,
officer, general partner of Jacada or their associates, persons owning ten
percent or more of any class of equity securities of Jacada, or an affiliate of
Jacada.
PART IV
Item 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Not applicable. (See Items 18 and 19.)
34
<PAGE>
Item 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
See pages F-1 to F-24 incorporated herein by reference.
Item 19. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND EXHIBITS
(i) The following financial statements and supporting documents are
filed with this report beginning on page F-1 hereof:
Report of Independent Auditors
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(ii) No financial statement schedules are filed with this report.
(iii) No exhibits are filed with this report or incorporated by
reference herein.
35
<PAGE>
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1934, as amended,
the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets
all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and has duly caused this annual
report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto, duly
authorized, on March 27, 2000.
JACADA LTD.
/s/ Ran Oz
-----------------------
By: Ran Oz
Chief Financial Officer
36
<PAGE>
JACADA LTD.
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1999
IN U.S. DOLLARS
INDEX
PAGE
------------
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS F-2
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS F-3 - F4
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS F-5
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY F-6
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS F-7
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS F-8 - F-24
- - - - - - - - - - -
F-1
<PAGE>
ERNST & YOUNG
KOST FORER & GABBAY
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
TO THE SHAREHOLDERS OF
JACADA LTD.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of
Jacada Ltd. and its subsidiaries (collectively, "the Company") as of December
31, 1998 and 1999 and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes
in shareholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the
period ended December 31, 1999. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted
auditing standards in the United States. Those standards require that we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to
above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial
position of the Company as of December 31, 1998 and 1999 and the consolidated
results of its operations and cash flows for each of the three years in the
period ended December 31, 1999, in conformity with generally accepted accounting
principles in the United States.
Tel-Aviv, Israel KOST FORER & GABBAY
February 15, 2000 A Member of Ernst and Young International
F-2
<PAGE>
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IN U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------------------
1998 1999
------------------- -------------------
<S> <C> <C>
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 5,613 $ 5,141
Short-term deposit - 56
Trade receivables (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $ 30
and $ 40 as of December 31, 1998 and 1999, respectively) 2,966 3,760
Other accounts receivable 171 261
Marketable securities - 50,519
------------------- -------------------
8,750 59,737
------------------- -------------------
LONG-TERM RECEIVABLES 152 128
------------------- -------------------
SEVERANCE PAY FUND 338 430
------------------- -------------------
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET 1,891 2,140
------------------- -------------------
$ 11,131 $ 62,435
=================== ===================
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial
statements.
F-3
<PAGE>
JACADA LTD.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IN U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE DATA
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------------------
1998 1999
------------------- -------------------
<S> <C> <C>
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Short-term debt $ 2,022 $ -
Current portion of long-term debt 129 194
Trade payables 437 1,443
Deferred revenues 4,152 3,024
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 862 1,761
-------------------- ---------------------
7,602 6,422
-------------------- ---------------------
LONG TERM LIABILITIES:
Accrued severance pay 500 677
Long-term debt, net of current portion 90 186
Offering expenses payable - 296
-------------------- ---------------------
590 1,159
-------------------- ---------------------
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Preferred shares of NIS 0.01 par value:
Authorized: 9,750,000 as of December 31, 1998 and 0 as of
December 31, 1999; Issued and outstanding: 8,407,635 as of
December 31, 1998 and 0 as of December 31, 1999; 26 -
Ordinary shares of NIS 0.01 par value:
Authorized: 20,250,000 as of December 31, 1998 and 30,000,000
as of December 31, 1999; Issued and outstanding: 3,621,893 as
of December 31, 1998 and 17,610,893 as of December 31, 1999 12 52
Additional paid-in capital 14,887 66,941
Deferred compensation (125) (272)
Accumulated deficit (11,861) (11,867)
-------------------- ---------------------
Total shareholders' equity 2,939 54,854
-------------------- ---------------------
$ 11,131 $ 62,435
==================== =====================
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial
statements.
F-4
<PAGE>
JACADA LTD.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IN U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
-------------------- ------------------- -------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues:
Software license $ 3,432 $ 6,469 $ 8,831
Service and maintenance 2,169 3,019 5,768
-------------------- ------------------- -------------------
Total revenues 5,601 9,488 14,599
-------------------- ------------------- -------------------
Cost of revenues:
Software license 276 342 639
Service and maintenance 1,766 2,558 2,740
-------------------- ------------------- -------------------
Total cost of revenues 2,042 2,900 3,379
-------------------- ------------------- -------------------
Gross profit 3,559 6,588 11,220
-------------------- ------------------- -------------------
Operating expenses:
Research and development 2,164 3,054 3,267
Less - royalty bearing grants 649 614 -
-------------------- ------------------- -------------------
Research and development, net 1,515 2,440 3,267
-------------------- ------------------- -------------------
Selling and marketing, net 4,464 5,411 6,529
General and administrative 1,033 1,637 1,960
-------------------- ------------------- -------------------
Total operating expenses 7,012 9,488 11,756
-------------------- ------------------- -------------------
Operating loss (3,453) (2,900) (536)
Interest income 159 197 770
Interest expenses (135) (216) (206)
Other expenses, net - (1) (34)
-------------------- ------------------- -------------------
Loss before income taxes (3,429) (2,920) (6)
Income taxes (6) - -
-------------------- ------------------- -------------------
Net loss $ (3,423) $ (2,920) $ (6)
==================== =================== ===================
Basic and diluted net loss per share $ (0.92) $ (0.81) $ -
==================== =================== ===================
Weighted average number of shares used in
computing basic and diluted net loss per share 3,704,298 3,615,143 6,572,476
==================== =================== ===================
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial
statements.
F-5
<PAGE>
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IN U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE DATA
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CONVERTIBLE
PREFERRED SHARES ORDINARY SHARES
----------------------------------- ------------------------------------
SHARES AMOUNT SHARES AMOUNT
--------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance as of January 1, 1997 5,603,415 $ 18 3,750,000 $ 12
Conversion of Ordinary shares
to Preferred "C" shares 137,107 (* - (137,107) (* -
Issuance of Preferred "C"
shares, net 1,713,900 6 - -
Net loss - - - -
--------------- --------------- ------------------ ---------------
Balance as of
December 31, 1997 7,454,422 24 3,612,893 12
Issuance of Preferred "D"
shares, net 953,213 2 - -
Exercise of stock options, net - - 9,000 (* -
Deferred compensation - - - -
Net loss - - - -
--------------- --------------- ------------------ ---------------
Balance as of
December 31, 1998 8,407,635 26 3,621,893 12
Issuance of Preferred "C"
shares, net 389,490 2 - -
Conversion of Ordinary shares
to Preferred shares 31,155 (* - (31,155) (* -
Conversion of Preferred shares
to Ordinary shares (8,828,280) (28) 8,828,280 28
Issuance of Ordinary shares, net - - 5,175,000 12
Exercise of stock options, net - - 16,875 (*
Deferred compensation - - - -
Amortization of deferred
compensation - - - -
Net loss - - - -
--------------- --------------- ------------------ ---------------
Balance as of
December 31, 1999 - $ - 17,610,893 $ 52
=============== =============== ================== ===============
</TABLE>
** TABLE CONTINUED..... **
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ADDITIONAL TOTAL
PAID-IN DEFERRED ACCUMULATED SHAREHOLDERS'
CAPITAL COMPENSATION DEFICIT EQUITY
----------------- ------------------ ------------------ ----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance as of January 1, 1997 $ 6,079 $ - $ (5,518) $ 591
Conversion of Ordinary shares
to Preferred "C" shares - - - -
Issuance of Preferred "C"
shares, net 4,892 - - 4,898
Net loss - - (3,423) (3,423)
------------------ ------------------ ----------------- -----------------
Balance as of
December 31, 1997 10,971 - (8,941) 2,066
Issuance of Preferred "D"
shares, net 3,781 - - 3,783
Exercise of stock options, net 10 - - 10
Deferred compensation 125 (125) - -
Net loss - - (2,920) (2,920)
------------------ ------------------ ----------------- -----------------
Balance as of
December 31, 1998 14,887 (125) (11,861) 2,939
Issuance of Preferred "C"
shares, net 1,237 - - 1,239
Conversion of Ordinary shares
to Preferred shares - - - -
Conversion of Preferred shares
to Ordinary shares - - - -
Issuance of Ordinary shares, net 50,556 - - 50,568
Exercise of stock options, net 19 - - 19
Deferred compensation 242 (242) - -
Amortization of deferred
compensation - 95 - 95
Net loss - - (6) (6)
------------------ ------------------ ----------------- -----------------
Balance as of
December 31, 1999 $ 66,941 $ (272) $ (11,867) $ 54,854
================== ================== ================= =================
</TABLE>
(* Represents an amount of less than $ 1 thousand.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial
statements.
F-6
<PAGE>
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IN U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
-------------------- ------------------- -------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss $ (3,423) $ (2,920) $ (6)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash
used in operating activities:
Depreciation 309 525 724
Amortization of deferred compensation - - 95
Accrued interest on marketable securities - - (222)
Increase in accrued severance pay, net 35 20 85
Capital loss on sale of property and equipment, net - 1 34
Increase in trade receivables (445) (1,121) (794)
Decrease (increase) in other accounts receivable 84 269 (90)
Increase (decrease) in trade payables (3) (80) 1,006
Increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities 521 33 899
Increase (decrease) in deferred revenues 171 1,014 (1,128)
-------------------- ------------------- -------------------
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities (2,751) (2,259) 603
-------------------- ------------------- -------------------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of short-term deposits - - (56)
Purchase of marketable securities - - (50,297)
Purchase of property and equipment (848) (884) (1,048)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment 5 2 41
Other (17) (100) 19
-------------------- ------------------- -------------------
Net cash used in investing activities (860) (982) (51,341)
-------------------- ------------------- -------------------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of shares, net 4,898 3,793 52,122
Payment of principal of long-term debt (106) (163) (202)
Proceeds from long-term debt 131 158 368
Short-term debt, net (3) 2,022 (2,022)
-------------------- ------------------- -------------------
Net cash provided by financing activities 4,920 5,810 50,266
-------------------- ------------------- -------------------
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 1,309 2,569 (472)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year 1,735 3,044 5,613
-------------------- ------------------- -------------------
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year $ 3,044 $ 5,613 $ 5,141
==================== =================== ===================
Supplemental disclosure of cash flows information:
a.Cash paid during the year for:
Interest $ 30 $ 72 $ 118
==================== =================== ===================
b.Non-cash activities:
Offering expenses payable $ - $ - $ 296
==================== =================== ===================
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial
statements.
F-7
<PAGE>
JACADA LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IN U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS
NOTE 1:- GENERAL
Jacada Ltd. (formerly: Client/Server Technology Ltd.) was
incorporated, under the laws of Israel, in December 1990.
Jacada Ltd. and its wholly-owned marketing subsidiaries - Jacada Inc.
(the U.S. subsidiary) and Jacada (Europe) Ltd. (the UK subsidiary)
(collectively: "the Company") - develop and market software that
enables businesses to utilize their existing host-centric software
applications to conduct business over the Internet. The Company
generates revenues principally from licensing its Jacada software
products and, to a lesser extent, from services such as maintenance
and support, consulting and training.
The Company's sales are made in North America and Europe. As for
major customers, see Note 12.
NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
a. Use of estimates:
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles requires
management to make estimates and assumptions that affect
the amounts reported in the financial statements and
accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those
estimates.
b. Financial statements in U.S. Dollars:
A majority of the revenues of Jacada Ltd. and each of its
subsidiaries is generated in United States dollars
("dollars"). In addition, a substantial portion of Jacada
Ltd. and each of its subsidiaries costs are incurred in
dollars. Since the dollar is the primary currency in the
economic environment in which the Company operates, the
dollar is its functional currency. Accordingly, monetary
accounts maintained in currencies other than the dollar
are remeasured into dollars in accordance with Statement
No. 52 of the Financial Accounting Standard Board
("FASB"). All transaction gains and losses of the
remeasurement of monetary balance sheet items are
reflected in the statement of operations as financial
income or expenses, as appropriate. The foreign currency
exchange rate effects in the years ended December 31,
1997, 1998 and 1999 were immaterial.
c. Principles of consolidation:
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts
of Jacada Ltd. and its subsidiaries. Significant
intercompany transactions and balances were eliminated in
the consolidation.
d. Cash equivalents:
Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments
that are readily convertible to cash with original
maturities of three months or less.
F-8
<PAGE>
e. Marketable securities:
The Company accounts for investments in debt and equity
securities (other than those accounted for under the
equity method of accounting) in accordance with FASB
Statement No. 115, "Accounting for Certain Investments in
Debt and Equity Securities".
Management determines the appropriate classification of
its investments in debt securities at the time of purchase
and reevaluates such determinations at each balance sheet
date. Debt securities are classified as held-to-maturity
when the Company has the positive intent and ability to
hold the securities to maturity, which are stated at
amortized cost.
The amortized cost of debt securities is adjusted for
amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to
maturity. Such amortization and interest are included in
financial expense (income), net. The cost of securities
sold is based on the specific identification method.
The Company's investments in debt securities are
diversified among high-credit quality securities, in
accordance with the Company's investment policy.
f. Property and equipment:
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is
calculated by the straight-line method over the estimated
useful lives of the assets at the following annual rates:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
%
----------------------------------
<S> <C>
Computers and peripheral equipment 20 - 33
Office furniture and equipment 6 - 10
Motor vehicles 15
Leasehold improvements Over the term of the lease
</TABLE>
g. Research and development costs:
Research and development costs incurred in the process of
developing product improvements or new products, are
charged to expenses as incurred, net of participation of
the Office of the Chief Scientist in the Israeli Ministry
of Industry and Trade ("the OCS").
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 86
"Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software to be Sold,
Leased or Otherwise Marketed," requires capitalization of
certain software development costs subsequent to the
establishment of technological feasibility. Based on the
Company's product development process, technological
feasibility is established upon completion of a working
model. The Company does not incur any costs between the
completion of the working model and the point at which the
product is ready for general release.
F-9
<PAGE>
Therefore, through December 31, 1999, the Company has
charged all software development costs to research and
development expense.
h. Income taxes:
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with
SFAS No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes". This
statement prescribes the use of the liability method,
whereby deferred tax asset and liability account balances
are determined based on differences between financial
reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are
measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be
in effect when the differences are expected to reverse.
The Company provides a valuation allowance, if necessary,
to reduce deferred tax assets to their estimated
realizable value.
i. Revenue recognition:
The Company generates revenues from licensing the rights
to use its software products directly to end-users and
indirectly through sub-license fees from resellers. The
Company also generates revenues from sales of professional
services, including consulting, support, training and
maintenance.
Revenues from software license agreements are recognized,
in accordance with Statement Of Position (SOP) 97-2
"Software Revenue Recognition" (as amended by SOP 98-4),
upon delivery of the software when collection is probable;
all license payments are due within one year, the license
fee is otherwise fixed or determinable, vendor-specific
objective evidence exists to allocate the total fee to the
elements of the arrangement and persuasive evidence of an
arrangement exists.
Revenues from service and maintenance are recognized over
the life of the maintenance agreement or at the time that
services are rendered, and in certain consulting
contracts, using the percentage of completion method.
Revenues recognized under the percentage of completion
method amounted to approximately $ 800, $ 550 and $ 158
for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999,
respectively.
Deferred revenues include unearned amounts received under
maintenance and support contracts and amounts billed to
customers but not recognized as revenues.
In December 1998, the AICPA issued Statement of Position
98-9, "Modification of SOP 97-2, Software Revenue
Recognition, With Respect to Certain Transactions" ("SOP
98-9"). SOP 98-9 amends SOP 98-4 to extend the deferral of
the application of certain passages of SOP 97-2 provided
by SOP 98-4 through fiscal years beginning on or before
March 15, 1999. All other provisions of SOP 98-9 are
effective for transactions entered into in fiscal years
beginning after March 15, 1999. The Company believes that
the effect of the final adoption of SOP 98-9 on its
financial condition or results of operations would be
insignificant.
F-10
<PAGE>
j. Royalty-bearing grants:
Royalty-bearing grants from the Government of Israel for
funding certain approved research projects are recognized
at the time in which the Company is entitled to such
grants on the basis of the related costs incurred.
k. Advertising costs:
Advertising costs are charged to expense, as incurred.
Advertising expenses for the years ended December 31,
1997, 1998 and 1999 were $ 529, $ 142 and $ 159,
respectively.
l. Accounting for stock-based compensation:
The Company has elected to follow Accounting Principles
Board Opinion No. 25 ("APB-25"), "Accounting for Stock
Issued to Employees" in accounting for its employee stock
option plan. Under APB-25, when the exercise price of the
Company's share options equals or is above the market
price of the underlying shares on the date of grant, no
compensation expense is recognized.
The Company applies Financial Accounting Standards Board
Statement No. 123 "Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation" ("SFAS 123") with respect to options issued
to non-employees. SFAS 123 requires use of an option
valuation model to measure the fair value of the options
at the grant date. The pro-forma disclosures required by
SFAS 123, are provided in Note 10.
m. Severance pay:
The Company's liability for severance pay is calculated
pursuant to Israeli severance pay law based on the most
recent salary of the employees multiplied by the number of
years of employment, as of the balance sheet date.
Employees are entitled to one month's salary for each year
of employment or a portion thereof. The Company's
liability for all of its employees, is fully provided by
monthly deposits with severance pay funds, insurance
policies and by an accrual.
The deposited funds include profits accumulated up to the
balance sheet date. The deposited funds may be withdrawn
only upon the fulfillment of the obligation pursuant to
Israeli severance pay law or labor agreements. The value
of the deposited funds is based on the cash surrendered
value of these policies, and includes immaterial profits.
n. Fair value of financial instruments:
The following methods and assumptions were used by the
Company in estimating its fair value disclosures for
financial instruments:
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents,
short-term deposits, accounts receivable and short-term
bank debt approximate their fair value due to the
short-term maturity of such instruments.
F-11
<PAGE>
The carrying amounts of the Company's long-term borrowing
arrangements approximate their fair value. Fair values
were estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, based
on the Company's incremental borrowing rates for similar
types of borrowing arrangements.
o. Basic and diluted net loss per share:
Basic net loss per share is computed based on the weighted
average number of Ordinary shares outstanding during each
year. Diluted net loss per share is computed based on the
weighted average number of Ordinary shares outstanding
during each year, plus dilutive potential Ordinary shares
considered outstanding during the year, in accordance with
FASB Statement No. 128, "Earnings Per Share".
All convertible Preferred shares, outstanding stock
options, and warrants have been excluded from the
calculation of the diluted net loss per Ordinary share
because all such of these securities are anti-dilutive for
all periods presented. The total numbers of shares related
to the outstanding convertible Preferred shares, options
and warrants excluded from the calculations of diluted net
loss per share were 9,642,398, 10,707,069 and 2,604,384
for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999,
respectively.
p. Concentrations of credit risk:
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company
to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of
cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and trade
receivables. Cash and cash equivalents are deposited with
major banks in Israel, England and the United States. Such
deposits in the United States may be in excess of insured
limits and are not insured in other jurisdictions. Market
securities are invested in U.S. debentures. Management
believes that the financial institutions that hold the
Company's investments are financially sound, and,
accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to
these investments. The Company's trade receivables are
mainly derived from sales to customers in the United
States and Europe. Provisions for bad debts in the years
ended December 31, 1997 and 1998 and 1999 were $ 35, $ 30
and $ 40, respectively. Write-offs of uncollectible
accounts in the years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and
1999 were $ 1, $ 20 and $ 9, respectively. The Company has
adopted credit policies and standards intended to
accommodate industry growth and inherent risk. Management
believes that credit risks are moderated by the diversity
of its end customers and geographic sales areas. The
Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its
customers' financial condition and requires collateral as
deemed necessary.
F-12
<PAGE>
q. Disclosure about segments:
The Company adopted SFAS No. 131, "Disclosures About
Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information", in
1997. SFAS No. 131 supersedes SFAS No. 14, replacing the
"industry segment approach" with the "management
approach", whereby companies report financial and
descriptive information about their operating segments.
Operating segments are revenue-producing components of the
enterprise for which separate financial information is
produced internally and are subject to evaluation by the
chief operating decision-maker in deciding how to allocate
resources to segments (see Note 12).
r. Impact of recently issued accounting standards
In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board
issued Statement 133, "Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities" ("Statement 133").
This statement establishes accounting and reporting
standards requiring that every derivative instrument
(including certain derivative instruments embedded in
other contracts) be recorded in the balance sheet as
either an asset or liability measured at its fair value.
The statement also requires that changes in the
derivative's fair value be recognized currently in
earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria are
met. Special accounting for qualifying hedges allows a
derivative's gains and losses to offset related results on
the hedged item in the income statement and requires that
a company formally document, designate, and assess the
effectiveness of transactions that receive hedge
accounting. Statement 133 is effective for fiscal years
beginning after June 15, 2000 and cannot be applied
retroactively. The Company does not expect the impact of
this new statement on the Company's consolidated balance
sheets or results of operations to be material.
NOTE 3:- MARKETABLE SECURITIES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
GROSS UNREALIZED
AMORTIZED COST LOSSES ESTIMATED FAIR VALUE
---------------------------- ----------------------------- -----------------------------
1998 1999 1998 1999 1998 1999
------------ ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
U.S. Government debentures $ - $ 50,519 $ - $ 1,090 $ - $ 49,429
============ ============= ============= ============= ============= ==============
</TABLE>
The scheduled maturities of held-to-maturities as of
December 31, 1999 are as follows:
AMORTIZED ESTIMATED
COST FAIR VALUE
--------------------- --------------------
Held to maturity:
----------------
Due within one year $ 50,519 $ 49,429
===================== ====================
F-13
<PAGE>
NOTE 4:- PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------------------
1998 1999
------------------- -------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Cost:
Leasehold improvements $ 251 $ 256
Computers and peripheral equipment 1,761 2,266
Office furniture and equipment 559 554
Motor vehicles 388 771
------------------- -------------------
2,959 3,847
Accumulated depreciation 1,068 1,707
------------------- -------------------
Depreciated cost $ 1,891 $ 2,140
=================== ===================
As for charges, see Note 9.
NOTE 5:- SHORT-TERM DEBT
As of December 31 1999, the Company has an authorized credit
facility in the amount of $ 2,800 denominated in dollars and
bearing interest at the rate Libor + 1.5%.
The weighted average interest rate of the credit facility as of
December 31, 1998 and 1999 was approximately 7.0% and 6.9%,
respectively.
The Company had an unused credit facility in the amount of
approximately $ 2,600 as of December 31, 1999 (there is no fee
for the unused portion of the credit facility).
NOTE 6:- ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER LIABILITIES
DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------------------
1998 1999
------------------- -------------------
Employees and payroll accruals $ 614 $ 1,020
Accrued expenses 191 427
Other liabilities 57 314
------------------- -------------------
$ 862 $ 1,761
=================== ===================
</TABLE>
F-14
<PAGE>
NOTE 7:- ACCRUED SEVERANCE PAY, NET
Under Israeli law, the liability for severance pay to Israeli
employees is calculated based upon the employees' most recent
monthly salary multiplied by the period of employment. This
liability is covered mainly through insurance policies and
deposits with reputable severance pay funds. The Company may
only withdraw the amounts funded for the purpose of
disbursement of severance pay.
Severance expenses for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1998
and 1999 were $ 42, $ 79 and $ 160, respectively.
NOTE 8:- LONG-TERM DEBT
The liabilities are repayable in payments over a maximum period
of three years.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
LINKED INTEREST DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------------------
TO RATE 1998 1999
--------------- ---------------- ------------------- -------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Long-term debt from financial institutions Dollars 7.125 $ 219 $ 380
=================== ====================
Aggregate maturities of long-term debt:
First year (current portion) $ 129 $ 194
------------------- --------------------
Second year 64 143
Third year 26 43
------------------- --------------------
90 186
------------------- --------------------
$ 219 $ 380
=================== ====================
</TABLE>
NOTE 9:- COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
a. Royalties:
The Company participated in programs sponsored by the
Israeli Government for the support of research and
development activities. Through December 31, 1999, the
Company had obtained grants from the Office of the
Chief Scientist in the Israeli Ministry of Industry and
Trade ("the OCS") aggregating to $1,976 for certain of
the Company's research and development projects. The
Company is obligated to pay royalties to the OCS,
amounting to 3%-4% of the sales of the products and
other related revenues generated from such projects, up
to 100%-150% of the grants received.
Through December 31, 1999, the Company has paid or
accrued royalties to the OCS in the amount of $ 1,243.
As of December 31, 1999, the aggregate contingent
liability to the OCS amounted to $ 1,150.
F-15
<PAGE>
b. Lease commitments:
The Company's facilities are leased under several
operating lease agreements for periods ending in 2002.
Future minimum lease commitments under non-cancelable
operating leases for the year ending December 31, 2000,
2001 and 2002 amount to $790, $ 836 and $ 535,
respectively.
c. Guarantees:
The Company has provided guarantees, in connection with
bank credit, in favor of a lessor, totaling $ 200.
d. Charges:
As collateral for the liabilities of the Company to
financial institutions, charges have been placed on all
of the Company's assets in Israel, including insurance
rights.
e. On August 31, 1999, a former distributor filed an
arbitration complaint against a subsidiary of the
Company, alleging, among other things, that the
subsidiary breached its agreement with the former
distributor by directly selling to a customer
products which the distributor had an exclusive
right to sell to the customer and that the
distributor is entitled to damages of $ 3.5 million.
Management believes that the subsidiary did not
breach its agreement with the distributor and that
no damages were caused to the distributor. Moreover,
the agreement with the distributor sets a limit on
the subsidiary's liability under the agreement,
which management believes to be approximately $ 200.
In the opinion of the Company's attorneys, it is not
currently possible to estimate the chances of the
claim. Hence, Management does not believe that the
arbitration proceeding will have any material impact
upon the Company.
NOTE 10:- SHARE CAPITAL
a. General:
As of October 1999, the Company's shares are traded on
NASDAQ.
All share and per share data included in these
financial statements have been retroactively adjusted
to reflect the issuance of share dividend of four
Ordinary shares for every one share outstanding
effected in September 1998, and the share dividend of
one Ordinary share for every two shares outstanding
effected in September 1999.
During 1998, the Company increased its authorized share
capital to 20,250,000 shares of NIS 0.01 par value
each. The increase in authorized share capital is
presented as of December 31, 1998.
In July 1998, the Company issued to investors an
aggregate of 635,475 Series "D" Preferred shares, for
net proceeds of $3,783.
F-16
<PAGE>
In July 1999, 31,155 Ordinary shares and 85,688
Preferred "A" shares were converted into Preferred "C"
shares on a one-for-one basis.
As part of the issuance of shares in July 1997, the
investors received warrants to purchase 389,490
additional Preferred shares at a price of $ 3.21 per
share. On July 24, 1999, these warrants were exercised.
b. Composition of share capital:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------
ISSUED AND ISSUED AND ISSUED AND
AUTHORIZED OUTSTANDING AUTHORIZED OUTSTANDING AUTHORIZED OUTSTANDING
---------- ----------- ---------- ----------- ---------- -----------
NUMBER OF SHARES NUMBER OF SHARES
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Ordinary shares of
NIS 0.01 par value 5,369,430 3,612,893 20,250,000 3,621,893 30,000,000 17,610,893
Preferred "A" NIS 0.01
par value each 2,400,000 2,308,763 2,400,000 2,308,763 - -
Preferred "B" NIS 0.01
par value each 3,000,000 2,917,597 3,000,000 2,917,597 - -
Preferred "C" NIS 0.01
par value each 2,485,283 2,228,062 3,000,000 2,228,062 - -
Preferred "D" NIS 0.01
par value each - - 1,350,000 953,213 - -
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
13,254,713 11,067,315 30,000,000 12,029,528 30,000,000 17,610,893
============ ============ ============ ============ ============ ============
</TABLE>
In October 1999, 4,500,000 Ordinary shares were issued
in consideration of $ 49,500,000 (not including
issuance expenses) in an Initial Public Offering
("IPO").
The Company has granted an option to the underwriters
related to the IPO, to purchase up to 675,000
additional Ordinary shares on the same terms and
conditions as set forth in the Initial Public Offering
solely to cover over allotment if any. On November 4,
1999, the underwriters exercised their option to
purchase 675,000 Ordinary shares in the amount of $
7,425,000 (not including issuance expenses).
All of the Company's Preferred shares were
automatically converted into Ordinary shares on a
one-for-one basis upon the Initial Public Offering
which took place in October 1999.
F-17
<PAGE>
c. Stock options:
The Company has elected to follow Accounting Principles
Board Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Shares Issued to
Employees" ("APB-25"), and related interpretations in
accounting, for its employee share options because, as
discussed below, the alternative fair value accounting
provided for under FASB Statement No. 123, "Accounting
for Share-Based Compensation", requires the use of
option valuation models that were not developed for use
in valuing employee share options.
In September 1999, the Board of Directors approved a
new Share Option plan (the 1999 plan). Under the 1999
plan, the Company authorized the grant of up to
1,800,000 of its Ordinary shares. During the fourth
quarter, the Company granted to certain of its
employees and suppliers 561,000 options, at an exercise
price of $ 9.13 - $ 11 per share, under the 1999 plan.
The options are fully exercisable four years from the
grant date and expire ten years from the date of
shareholder approval of the 1999 plan.
As of December 31, 1999, the Company has authorized by
several Incentive Share Option Plans, the grant of
options to officers, management, other key employees
and others of up to 3,960,450 of the Company's Ordinary
shares. The options granted generally become fully
exercisable after 3-4 consecutive years and expire ten
years from the approval date of the option plan under
the terms they were granted.
The options granted in the 1994 plan are fully-vested,
the options granted through the 1996 plan will be
gradually vested by December 2000, and the options
granted through the 1999 plan will be gradually vested
by September 2003.
A summary of the Company's employees share option
activity, and related information is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
-------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------
WEIGHTED WEIGHTED WEIGHTED
AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE
NUMBER OF EXERCISE NUMBER OF EXERCISE NUMBER OF EXERCISE
OPTIONS PRICE OPTIONS PRICE OPTIONS PRICE
------- ----- ------- ----- ------- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Outstanding - at
the beginning 1,686,698 $ 1.03 1,790,985 $ 1.07 1,902,444 1.32
of the year
Granted 165,637 1.6 370,607 2.37 747,840 8.20
Exercised - - 9,000 1.13 16,875 1.13
Forfeited 61,350 1.15 250,148 1.13 38,775 3.05
Outstanding - at
the end of
the year 1,790,985 1.07 1,902,444 1.32 2,594,634 3.28
-------------- -------------- --------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
Exercisable
options 838,800 $ 1.03 1,039,013 $ 1.08 $ 1,618,308 $ 1.22
============== ============== =============== ============== ============== ==============
</TABLE>
F-18
<PAGE>
The options outstanding as of December 31, 1999 have
been classified by exercise price, as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
OPTIONS OUTSTANDING WEIGHTED AVERAGE OPTIONS EXERCISABLE WEIGHTED AVERAGE
AS OF REMAINING WEIGHTED AVERAGE AS OF EXERCISE PRICE OF
EXERCISE PRICE DECEMBER 31, 1999 CONTRACTUAL LIFE EXERCISE PRICE DECEMBER 31, 1999 OPTIONS EXERCISABLE
-------------- ----------------- ---------------- -------------- ----------------- -------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
$ 0.30 64,357 4 $ 0.30 64,357 $ 0.30
$ 0.99 - $ 1.13 1,302,143 4.8 $ 1.05 1,291,551 $ 1.05
$ 1.60 - 2.22 637,884 6 $ 2.08 234,274 $ 1.97
$ 4.04 - $ 11 590,250 9.5 $ 9.83 28,126 $ 4.73
-------------- ----------------- ---------------- -------------- ----------------- -------------------
$ 0.30 - $ 11 2,594,634 6.2 $ 3.28 1,618,308 $ 1.22
============== ================= ================ ============== ================= ===================
</TABLE>
Deferred compensation expenses which represent the
excess of the market value over the exercise price
totaled $ 367 and are amortized to the statements of
operations over the vesting period which usually is
four years. Options granted to the CEO vest over an
eight to ten year period, with possible acceleration of
vesting if certain criteria are met.
In 1996, the Company granted to a supplier, options to
purchase 7,500 Ordinary shares, at an exercise price of
$ 1.13, vesting over a period of three years. As of
December 31, 1999, these options are fully vested. The
Company accounts for these options in accordance with
the provisions of SFAS 123. No compensation expense has
been recorded in the financial statements regarding
these options, due to the insignificant amount of
deferred compensation.
In 1999, the Company granted to two of its suppliers
options to purchase 2,250 Ordinary shares at an
exercise price of $11, vesting over a period of four
years. As of December 31, 1999, none of these options
were vested. The Company accounts for these options in
accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123.
Total compensation expense amounting to approximately
$95 has been recorded in the financial statements.
Under SFAS 123, pro forma information regarding net
income and earnings per share is required and has been
determined as if the Company had accounted for its
employee stock option under the fair value method of
that Statement. The fair value for these options was
estimated at the date of grant using a Minimum Value
Option Pricing Model for options granted prior to the
IPO with the following weighted-average assumptions for
each of the two years in the period ended December 31,
1998 and the period commencing January 1, 1999 through
the date of the IPO: risk-free interest rates of
approximately 5.5%, 6% and 6%, respectively, dividend
yields of 0% and an expected life of the option of
approximately 3.00, 3.68 and 4.00 years, respectively.
As from the IPO, the fair value for options granted was
estimated using the Black and Scholes option pricing
model, with the following weighted-average assumptions
for 1999: risk-free interest rate of 6%; dividend
yields of 0%, volatility factor of the expected market
price of the Company's common shares of 0.5; and a
weighted-average expected life of the option of 2.5
years.
F-19
<PAGE>
The Minimum Value Option Valuation Model and the Black
and Scholes option pricing model were developed for use
in estimating the fair value of traded options that
have no vesting restrictions and are fully
transferable. In addition, option valuation models
require the input of highly subjective assumptions.
Because the Company's employee stock options have
characteristics significantly different from those
traded options, and because changes in the subjective
input assumptions can materially affect the fair value
estimate, in management's opinion, the existing models
do not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of
the fair value of its employee stock options.
Weighted-average fair values of options whose exercise
price (1) equals, (2) exceeds, or (3) is less than the
market price of the stock on date of grant are as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE FAIR VALUE OF
OPTIONS GRANTED AT AN EXERCISE PRICE:
-------------------------------------------------------------
DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
----------------- ------------------ ------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Less than fair value at date of grant $ - $ 0.84 $ 1.59
================= ================== ==================
Equals to fair value at date of grant $ 0.27 $ - $ 3.67
================= ================== ==================
Exceeds fair value at date of grant $ - $ 0.23 $ -
================= ================== ==================
Pro forma information under SFAS 123:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
----------------- ------------------ ------------------
Net loss as reported $ (3,423) $ (2,920) $ (6)
================ ================= =================
Pro forma net loss $ (3,467) $ (2,992) $ (140)
================ ================= =================
Pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share $ (0.93) $ (0.83) $ (0.02)
================ ================= =================
</TABLE>
e. Dividends:
In the event that cash dividends are declared in the
future, such dividends will be paid in NIS. The Company
does not intend to pay cash dividends in the
foreseeable future.
F-20
<PAGE>
NOTE 11:- TAXES ON INCOME
a. Tax benefits under the Law for the Encouragement of
Capital Investments, 1959 (the "law"):
The Company's production facilities have been granted
the status of "Approved Enterprise" under the law, for
three separate investment programs, which were approved
in July 1994, July 1995 and December 1996.
According to the provisions of the law, the Company has
elected the "alternative benefits" - waiver of grants
in return for tax exemption and, accordingly, the
Company's income is tax-exempt for a period of two
years commencing with the year it first earns taxable
income relating to each expansion program, and subject
to corporate taxes at the reduced rate of 10% to 25%,
for an additional period of five years.
As the Company currently has no taxable income, these
benefits have not yet commenced.
The tax-exempt profits that will be earned by the
Company's "Approved Enterprises" can be distributed to
shareholders, without imposing tax liability on the
Company only upon the complete liquidation of the
Company. If these retained tax-exempt profits are
distributed in a manner other than in the complete
liquidation of the Company, they would be taxed at the
corporate tax rate applicable to such profits as if the
Company had not elected the alternative system of
benefits (currently between 10% to 25% for an "Approved
Enterprise"). The Company's board of directors has
determined that such tax exempt income will not be
distributed as dividends.
The period of tax benefits, detailed above, is limited
to the earlier of 12 years from the commencement of
production, or 14 years from the approval date.
Should the Company derive income in Israel from sources
other than the approved enterprises during the relevant
period of benefits, such income will be taxable at
regular corporate tax rate of 36%.
b. Measurement of results for tax purposes:
Results of Jacada Ltd. for tax purposes are measured
and reflected in real terms in accordance with the
changes in the Israeli CPI. As explained in Note 2, the
financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars. The
difference between the change in the Israeli CPI and in
the NIS/U.S. dollar exchange rate causes a difference
between taxable income or loss and the income or loss
before taxes reflected in the financial statements. In
accordance with paragraph 9(f) of SFAS No. 109, the
Company has not provided deferred income taxes on this
difference between the reporting currency and the tax
bases of assets and liabilities.
F-21
<PAGE>
c. Tax benefits under the Law for the Encouragement of
Industry (Taxation), 1969:
The Company is an "industrial company" under the above
law and as such is entitled to certain tax benefits,
including accelerated rates of depreciation on certain
assets and deduction of expenses incurred in respect of
public issuance of securities. The Company has not
utilized these tax benefits.
d. Net operating losses carryforward:
As of December 31, 1999, Jacada Ltd. had approximately
$ 4,400 of Israeli net operating loss carryforwards.
The Israeli loss carryforwards have no expiration date.
The Company expects that during the period in which
these tax losses are utilized, its income would be
substantially tax exempt. Accordingly, there will be no
tax benefit available from such losses and no deferred
income taxes have been included in these financial
statements.
As of December 31, 1999 the UK subsidiary had
accumulated losses for income tax purposes in the
amount of approximately $ 1,860. These net operating
losses may be carried forward and offset against
taxable income in the future for an indefinite period.
As of December 31, 1999, the U.S. subsidiary had U.S.
federal net operating loss carryforwards for income tax
purposes in the amount of approximately $ 4,500, which
can be carried forward and offset against taxable
income for 15 years and expire from 2010 to 2011.
Utilization of U.S. net operating losses may be subject
to substantial annual limitation due to the "change in
ownership" provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986 and similar state provisions. The annual
limitation may result in the expiration of net
operating losses before utilization.
e. Deferred taxes:
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of
temporary differences between the carrying amounts of
assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes
and the amounts used for income tax purposes.
Significant components of the Company's deferred tax
liabilities and assets are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------------------
1998 1999
-------------------- -------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Deferred tax assets:
U.S. operating loss carryforward $ 1,438 $ 1,575
U.K. operating loss carryforward 770 650
-------------------- -------------------
Total deferred tax asset 2,208 2,225
Valuation allowance (2,208) (2,225)
-------------------- -------------------
Net deferred tax asset $ - $ -
==================== ===================
</TABLE>
F-22
<PAGE>
The Company's U.S and U.K subsidiaries have provided
valuation allowances in respect of deferred tax assets
resulting from tax loss carryforward. Management
currently believes that since the Company has a history
of losses it is more likely than not that the deferred
tax regarding the loss carryforward and other temporary
differences will not be realized in the foreseeable
future.
f. Pre-tax income (loss):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Domestic $ (1,266) $ (198) $ 154
Foreign (2,163) (2,722) (160)
----------------- ----------------- -----------------
$ (3,429) $ (2,920) $ (6)
================= ================= =================
</TABLE>
F-23
<PAGE>
NOTE 12:- GEOGRAPHIC OPERATING INFORMATION
a. Summary information about geographical areas:
The Company manages its business on a basis of one
reportable segment (see Note 1 for a brief description
of the Company's business) and follows the requirements
of SFAS 131, "Disclosures About Segments of an
Enterprise and Related Information".
The total revenues are attributed to geographic
information, based on the customers' location.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues from sales to unaffiliated
customers:
United States $ 4,310 $ 8,797 $ 11,894
United Kingdom 677 406 2,193
Others 614 285 512
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
$ 5,601 $ 9,488 $ 14,599
================== ================== ==================
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Long-lived assets:
Israel $ 1,103 $ 1,252 $ 1,516
United States 349 582 617
United Kingdom 83 57 7
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
$ 1,535 $ 1,891 $ 2,140
================== ================== ==================
Major customer data as a percentage
of total revenues:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Customer A 16% *) - *) -
Customer B 11% 12% *) -
Customer C *) - 15% *) -
Customer D - - 13%
Customer E - - 10%
*) Less than 10% of total revenues.
</TABLE>
- - - - - - - - - -
F-24
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit No. Description
- ----------- -----------
27 Financial Data Schedule
<TABLE> <S> <C>
<ARTICLE> 5
<S> <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE> YEAR
<FISCAL-YEAR-END> DEC-31-1999
<PERIOD-END> DEC-31-1999
<CASH> 5,197
<SECURITIES> 50,519
<RECEIVABLES> 4,021
<ALLOWANCES> 0
<INVENTORY> 0
<CURRENT-ASSETS> 59,737
<PP&E> 4,405
<DEPRECIATION> 1,707
<TOTAL-ASSETS> 62,435
<CURRENT-LIABILITIES> 6,422
<BONDS> 1,159
0
0
<COMMON> 52
<OTHER-SE> 54,802
<TOTAL-LIABILITY-AND-EQUITY> 62,435
<SALES> 0
<TOTAL-REVENUES> 14,599
<CGS> 0
<TOTAL-COSTS> 9,908
<OTHER-EXPENSES> 4,697
<LOSS-PROVISION> 40
<INTEREST-EXPENSE> 0
<INCOME-PRETAX> (6)
<INCOME-TAX> 0
<INCOME-CONTINUING> (536)
<DISCONTINUED> 0
<EXTRAORDINARY> 0
<CHANGES> 0
<NET-INCOME> (6)
<EPS-BASIC> 0
<EPS-DILUTED> 0
</TABLE>
