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EXHIBIT 3.2
AMENDED AND RESTATED
BYLAWS
OF
VIRAGE, INC.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Article 1. Stockholders.................................................... 1
1.1 Place of Meetings............................................... 1
1.2 Annual Meeting.................................................. 1
1.3 Special Meetings................................................ 1
1.4 Notice of Meetings.............................................. 1
1.5 Voting List..................................................... 1
1.6 Quorum.......................................................... 2
1.7 Adjournments.................................................... 2
1.8 Voting and Proxies.............................................. 2
1.9 Action at Meeting............................................... 2
1.10 Notice of Stockholder Business.................................. 3
1.11 Conduct of Business............................................. 3
1.12 Stockholder Action Without Meeting.............................. 4
Article 2. Board of Directors.............................................. 4
2.1 General Powers.................................................. 4
2.2 Number and Term of Office....................................... 5
2.3 Vacancies and Newly Created Directorships....................... 5
2.4 Resignation..................................................... 5
2.5 Regular Meetings................................................ 5
2.6 Special Meetings................................................ 5
2.7 Notice of Special Meetings...................................... 6
2.8 Participation in Meetings by Telephone Conference Calls......... 6
2.9 Quorum.......................................................... 6
2.10 Action at Meeting............................................... 6
2.11 Action by Consent............................................... 6
2.12 Removal......................................................... 6
2.13 Committees...................................................... 6
2.14 Compensation of Directors....................................... 7
2.15 Nomination of Director Candidates............................... 7
Article 3. Officers........................................................ 8
3.1 Enumeration..................................................... 8
3.2 Election........................................................ 8
3.3 Qualification................................................... 8
3.4 Tenure.......................................................... 8
3.5 Resignation and Removal......................................... 8
3.6 Chairman of the Board........................................... 9
3.7 President....................................................... 9
3.8 Vice Presidents................................................. 9
3.9 Secretary and Assistant Secretaries............................. 9
3.10 Chief Financial Officer......................................... 10
3.11 Salaries........................................................ 10
3.12 Delegation of Authority......................................... 10
Article 4. Capital Stock................................................... 10
4.1 Issuance of Stock............................................... 10
4.2 Certificates of Stock........................................... 10
4.3 Transfers....................................................... 11
4.4 Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates.......................... 11
4.5 Record Date..................................................... 11
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
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Article 5. General Provisions.............................................. 11
5.1 Fiscal Year..................................................... 11
5.2 Corporate Seal.................................................. 12
5.3 Waiver of Notice................................................ 12
5.4 Actions with Respect to Securities of Other Corporations........ 12
5.5 Evidence of Authority........................................... 12
5.6 Certificate of Incorporation.................................... 12
5.7 Severability.................................................... 12
5.8 Pronouns........................................................ 12
5.9 Notices......................................................... 12
5.10 Reliance Upon Books, Reports and Records........................ 13
5.11 Time Periods.................................................... 13
5.12 Facsimile Signatures............................................ 13
Article 6. Amendments...................................................... 13
6.1 By the Board of Directors....................................... 13
6.2 By the Stockholders............................................. 13
Article 7. Indemnification of Directors and Officers...................... 13
7.1 Right to Indemnification........................................ 13
7.2 Right of Claimant to Bring Suit................................. 14
7.3 Indemnification of Employees and Agents......................... 15
7.4 Non-Exclusivity of Rights....................................... 15
7.5 Indemnification Contracts....................................... 15
7.6 Insurance....................................................... 15
7.7 Effect of Amendment............................................. 15
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BYLAWS
OF
VIRAGE, INC.
Article 1. Stockholders
1.1 Place of Meetings. All meetings of stockholders shall be held at
such place within or without the State of Delaware as may be designated from
time to time by the Board of Directors or the President and Chief Executive
Officer or, if not so designated, at the registered office of the corporation.
1.2 Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of stockholders for the election
of directors and for the transaction of such other business as may properly be
brought before the meeting shall be held on a date to be fixed by the Board of
Directors or the President and Chief Executive Officer at the time and place to
be fixed by the Board of Directors or the President and stated in the notice of
the meeting. If no annual meeting is held in accordance with the foregoing
provisions, the Board of Directors shall cause the meeting to be held as soon
thereafter as convenient.
1.3 Special Meetings. Special meetings of stockholders may be called at
any time by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board or the President
and Chief Executive Officer. Business transacted at any special meeting of
stockholders shall be confined to the purpose or purposes stated in the notice
of meeting.
1.4 Notice of Meetings. Written notice of each meeting of stockholders,
whether annual or special, shall be given not less than ten (10) nor more than
sixty (60) days before the date on which the meeting is to be held, to each
stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting, except as otherwise provided
herein or as required by law (meaning here and hereafter, as required from time
to time by the Delaware General Corporation Law or the Certificate of
Incorporation). The notices of all meetings shall state the place, date and hour
of the meeting. The notice of a special meeting shall state, in addition, the
purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. If mailed, notice is given
when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to the
stockholder at his address as it appears on the records of the corporation
1.5 Voting List. The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the
corporation shall prepare, at least ten (10) days before each meeting of
stockholders, a complete list. of the stockholders entitled to vote at the
meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each
stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder.
Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose
germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least
ten (10) days prior to the meeting, at a place within the city where the meeting
is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or
if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list
shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the
whole time of the meeting, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is
present. This list shall
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preemptively determine the identity of the stockholders entitled to vote at the
meeting and the number of shares held by each of then.
1.6 Quorum. Except as otherwise provided by law or these By-laws, the
holders of a majority of the shares of the capital stock of the corporation
entitled to vote at the meeting, present in person or represented by proxy,
shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. If a quorum shall
fail to attend any meeting, the chairman of the meeting or the holders of a
majority of the shares of stock entitled to vote who are present, in person or
by proxy, may adjourn the meeting to another place, date or time.
If a notice of any adjourned special meeting of stockholders is sent to
all stockholders entitled to vote thereat, stating that it will be held with
those present constituting a quorum, then except as otherwise required by law,
those present at such adjourned meeting shall constitute a quorum, and all
matters shall be determined by a majority of the votes cast at such meeting.
1.7 Adjournments. Any meeting of stockholders may be adjourned to any
other time and to any other place at which a meeting of stockholders may be held
under these By-laws by the holders of a majority of the shares of stock present
or represented at the meeting and entitled to vote, although less than a quorum,
or, if no stockholder is present, by any officer entitled to preside at or to
act as Secretary of such meeting. When a meeting is adjourned to another place,
date or time, written notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the
place, date and time thereof are announced at the meeting at which the
adjournment is taken; provided, however, that if the date of any adjourned
meeting is more than thirty (30) days after the date for which the meeting was
originally noticed, or if a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting,
written notice of the place, date, and time of the adjourned meeting shall be
given in conformity herewith. At the adjourned meeting, the corporation may
transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting.
1.8 Voting and Proxies. Each stockholder shall have one vote for each
share of stock entitled to vote held of record by such stockholder and a
proportionate vote for each fractional share so held, unless otherwise provided
by law. Each stockholder of record entitled to vote at a meeting of
stockholders, may vote in person or may authorize any other person or persons to
vote or act for him by written proxy executed by the stockholder or his
authorized agent or by a transmission permitted by law and delivered to the
Secretary of the corporation. No stockholder may authorize more than one proxy
for his shares. Any copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reliable
reproduction of the writing or transmission created pursuant to this Section may
be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing or transmission for any
and all purposes for which the original writing or transmission could be used,
provided that such copy, facsimile transmission or other reproduction shall be a
complete reproduction of the entire original writing or transmission.
1.9 Action at Meeting. When a quorum is present at any meeting, any
election shall be determined by a plurality of the votes cast by the
stockholders entitled to vote at the election, and all other matters shall be
determined by a majority of the votes cast affirmatively or negatively on the
matter (or if there are two or more classes of stock entitled to vote as
separate classes, then in the case of each such class, a majority of each such
class present or represented and voting affirmatively or negatively on the
matter) shall decide such matter, except when a
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different vote is required by express provision of law, the Certificate of
Incorporation or these By-laws.
All voting, including on the election of directors, but excepting where
otherwise required by law, may be by a voice vote; provided, however, that upon
demand therefor by a stockholder entitled to vote or his or her proxy, a stock
vote shall be taken. Every stock vote shall be taken by ballots, each of which
shall state the name of the stockholder or proxy voting and such other
information as may be required under the procedure established for the meeting.
Every vote taken by ballots shall be counted by an inspector or inspectors
appointed by the chairman of the meeting. The corporation may, and to the extent
required by law, shall, in advance of any meeting of stockholders, appoint one
or more inspectors to act at the meeting and make a written report thereof. The
corporation may designate one or more persons as an alternate inspector to
replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or alternate is able to
act at a meeting of stockholders, the person presiding at the meeting may, and
to the extent required by law, shall, appoint one or more inspectors to act at
the meeting. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of his duties,
shall take and sign an oath to faithfully execute the duties of inspector with
strict impartiality and according to the best of his or her ability.
1.10 Notice of Stockholder Business. At an annual meeting of the
stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been properly
brought before the meeting. To be properly brought before an annual meeting,
business must be (i) specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement
thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, (ii) properly
brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, or
(iii) properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder. For business
to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, the
stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of
the Corporation. To be timely, a stockholder proposal to be presented at an
annual meeting shall be received at the Corporation's principal executive
offices not less than 120 calendar days in advance of the date that the
Corporation's (or the Corporation's predecessor's) proxy statement was released
to stockholders in connection with the previous year's annual meeting of
stockholders, except that if no annual meeting was held in the previous year or
the date of the annual meeting has been advanced by more than 30 calendar days
from the date contemplated at the time of the previous year's proxy statement,
notice by the stockholders to be timely must be received not later than the
close of business on the tenth day following the day on which the date of the
annual meeting is publicly announced.
A stockholder's notice to the Secretary of the Corporation shall set
forth as to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual
meeting (i) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the
annual meeting, (ii) the name and address, as they appear on the Corporation's
books, of the stockholder proposing such business, (iii) the class and number of
shares of the Corporation which are beneficially owned by the stockholder, and
(iv) any material interest of the stockholder in such business.
1.11 Conduct of Business. At every meeting of the stockholders, the
Chairman of the Board, if there is such an officer, or if not, the person
appointed by the Board of Directors, shall act as Chairman. The Secretary of the
corporation or a person designated by the Chairman of the meeting shall act as
Secretary of the meeting. Unless otherwise approved by the Chairman of the
meeting, attendance at the stockholders' meeting is restricted to stockholders
of record, persons
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authorized in accordance with Section 1.8 of these By-laws to act by proxy, and
officers of the corporation.
The Chairman of the meeting shall call the meeting to order, establish
the agenda, and conduct the business of the meeting in accordance therewith or,
at the Chairman's discretion, it may be conducted otherwise in accordance with
the wishes of the stockholders in attendance. The date and time of the opening
and closing of the polls for each matter upon which the stockholders will vote
at the meeting shall be announced at the meeting.
The Chairman shall also conduct the meeting in an orderly manner, rule
on the precedence of, and procedure on, motions and other procedural matters,
and exercise discretion with respect to such procedural matters with fairness
and good faith toward all those entitled to take part. The Chairman may impose
reasonable limits on the amount of time taken up at the meeting on discussion in
general or on remarks by any one stockholder. Should any person in attendance
become unruly or obstruct the meeting proceedings, the Chairman shall have the
power to have such person removed from participation. Notwithstanding anything
in the By-laws to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at a meeting
except in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 1.11 and
Section 1.10 above. The Chairman of a meeting shall if the facts warrant,
determine and declare to the meeting that any proposed item of business was not
brought before the meeting in accordance with the provisions of this Section
1.11 and Section 1.10, and if he should so determine, he shall so declare to the
meeting and any such business not properly brought before the meeting shall not
be transacted.
1.12 Stockholder Action Without Meeting. Effective upon the closing of
the Corporation's initial public offering of its common stock, any action
required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation must be
effected at a duly called annual or special meeting of stockholders of the
Corporation and may not be effected by any consent in writing by such
stockholders. At all times prior to the closing of the Corporation's initial
public offering of its common stock, any action which may be taken at any annual
or special meeting of stockholders may be taken without a meeting and without
prior notice, if a consent in writing, setting forth the actions so taken, is
signed by the holders of outstanding shares having not less than the minimum
number of votes which would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a
meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted. All
such consents shall be filed with the Secretary of the Corporation and shall be
maintained in the corporate records. Prompt notice of the taking of a corporate
action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given
to those stockholders who have not consented in writing.
Article 2. Board of Directors
2.1 General Powers. The business and affairs of the corporation shall be
managed by or under the direction of a Board of Directors, who may exercise all
of the powers of the corporation except as otherwise provided by law or the
Certificate of Incorporation. In the event of a vacancy in the Board of
Directors, the remaining directors, except as otherwise provided by law, may
exercise the powers of the full Board until the vacancy is filled.
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2.2 Number and Term of Office. The number of directors shall initially
be seven (7) and, thereafter, shall be fixed from time to time exclusively by
the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the
total number of authorized directors (whether or not there exist any vacancies
in previously authorized directorships at the time any such resolution is
presented to the Board for adoption). Effective upon the closing of the
Corporation's initial public offering of its common stock, the directors shall
be divided into three classes, with the term of office of the first class to
expire at the first annual meeting of stockholders held after the Effective
Date; the term of office of the second class to expire at the second annual
meeting of stockholders held after the Effective Date; the term of office of the
third class to expire at the third annual meeting of stockholders held after the
Effective Date; and thereafter for each such term to expire at each third
succeeding annual meeting of stockholders after such election. All directors
shall hold office until the expiration of the term for which elected and until
their respective successors are elected, except in the case of the death,
resignation or removal of any director.
2.3 Vacancies and Newly Created Directorships. Subject to the rights of
the holders of any series of Preferred Stock then outstanding, newly created
directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors
of any vacancies in the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation,
retirement, disqualification or other cause (including removal from office by a
vote of the stockholders) may be filled only by a majority vote of the directors
then in office, though less than a quorum, and directors so chosen shall hold
office for a term expiring at the next annual meeting of stockholders at which
the term of office of the class to which they have been elected expires. No
decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall
shorten the term of any incumbent director.
2.4 Resignation. Any director may resign by delivering his written
resignation to the corporation at its principal office or to the President or
Secretary. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless it is
specified to be effective at some other time or upon the happening of some other
event.
2.5 Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be
held without notice at such time and place, either within or without the State
of Delaware, as shall be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors;
provided that any director who is absent when such a determination is made shall
be given notice of the determination. A regular meeting of the Board of
Directors may be held without notice immediately after and at the same place as
the annual meeting of stockholders.
2.6 Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be
held at any time and place, within or without the State of Delaware, designated
in a call by the Chairman of the Board, the President and Chief Executive
Officer, two or more directors, or by one director in the event that there is
only a single director in office.
2.7 Notice of Special Meetings. Notice of any special meeting of
directors shall be given to each director by the Secretary or by the officer or
one of the directors calling the meeting. Notice shall be duly given to each
director (i) by giving notice to such director in person or by telephone or
electronic voice message system at least 24 hours in advance of the meeting,
(ii) by sending a telegram, telecopy or telex, or delivering written notice by
hand, to his
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last known business or home address at least 24 hours in advance of the meeting,
or (iii) by mailing written notice to his last known business or home address at
least three (3) day in advance of the meeting. A notice or waiver of notice of a
meeting of the Board of Directors need not specify the purposes of the meeting.
Unless otherwise indicated in the notice thereof, any and all business may be
transacted at a special meeting.
2.8 Participation in Meetings by Telephone Conference Calls. Directors
or any members of any committee designated by the directors may participate in a
meeting of the Board of Directors or such committee by means of conference
telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons
participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation by such
means shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.
2.9 Quorum. A majority of the total number of authorized directors shall
constitute a quorum at any meeting of the Board of Directors. In the event one
or more of the directors shall be disqualified to vote at any meeting, then the
required quorum shall be reduced by one for each such director so disqualified;
provided, however, that in no case shall less than one-third (1/3) of the number
so fixed constitute a quorum. In the absence of a quorum at any such meeting, a
majority of the directors present may adjourn the meeting from time to time
without further notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum
shall be present. Interested directors may be counted in determining the
presence of a quorum at a meeting of the Board of Directors or at a meeting of a
committee which authorizes a particular contract or transaction.
2.10 Action at Meeting. At any meeting of the Board of Directors at
which a quorum is present, the vote of a majority of those present shall be
sufficient to take any action, unless a different vote is specified by law, the
Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws.
2.11 Action by Consent. Any action required or permitted to be taken at
any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee of the Board of
Directors may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board or
committee, as the case may be, consent to the action in writing. Any such
written consents shall be filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board or
committee.
2.12 Removal. Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of
Preferred Stock then outstanding, any directors, or the entire Board of
Directors, may be removed from office at any time, but only for cause and only
by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the voting
power of all of the outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote
generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class.
2.13 Committees. The Board of Directors may designate one or more
committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the
corporation, with such lawfully delegated powers and duties as it therefor
confers, to serve at the pleasure of the Board. The Board may designate one or
more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent
or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or
disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members of the
committee present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or
not he or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of
the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or
disqualified member. Any such committee, to the extent provided in
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the resolution of the Board of Directors and subject to the provisions of the
General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, shall have and may exercise
all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the
business and affairs of the corporation and may authorize the seal of the
corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it. Each such
committee shall keep minutes and make such reports as the Board of Directors may
from time to time request. Except as the Board of Directors may otherwise
determine, any committee may make rules for the conduct of its business, but
unless otherwise provided by such rules, its business shall be conducted as
nearly as possible in the same manner as is provided in these By-laws for the
Board of Directors.
2.14 Compensation of Directors. Directors may be paid such compensation
for their services and such reimbursement for expenses of attendance at meetings
as the Board of Directors may from time to the determine. No such payment shall
preclude any director from serving the corporation or any of its parent or
subsidiary corporations in any other capacity and receiving compensation for
such service.
2.15 Nomination of Director Candidates. Subject to the rights of holders
of any class or series of Preferred Stock then outstanding, nominations for the
election of Directors may be made by the Board of Directors or a proxy committee
appointed by the Board of Directors or by any stockholder entitled to vote in
the election of Directors generally. However, any stockholder entitled to vote
in the election of Directors generally may nominate one or more persons for
election as Directors at a meeting only if timely notice of such stockholder's
intent to make such nomination or nominations has been given in writing to the
Secretary of the Corporation. To be timely, a stockholder nomination for a
director to be elected at an annual meeting shall be received at the
corporation's principal executive offices not less than 120 calendar days in
advance of the date that the corporation's proxy statement was released to
stockholders in connection with the previous year's annual meeting of
stockholders, except that if no annual meeting was held in the previous year or
the date of the annual meeting has been advanced by more than 30 calendar days
from the date contemplated at the time of the previous year's proxy statement,
or in the event of a nomination for director to be elected at a special meeting,
notice by the stockholders to be timely must be received not later than the
close of business on the tenth day following the day on which such notice of the
date of the special meeting was mailed or such public disclosure was made. Each
such notice shall set forth: (a) the name and address of the stockholder who
intends to make the nomination and of the person or persons to be nominated; (b)
a representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the
Corporation entitled to vote for the election of directors on the date of such
notice and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate
the person or persons specified in the notice; (c) a description of all
arrangements or understandings between the stockholder and each nominee and any
other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the
nomination or nominations are to be made by the stockholder; (d) such other
information regarding each nominee proposed by such stockholder as would be
required to be included in a proxy statement filed pursuant to the proxy rules
of the Securities and Exchange Commission, had the nominee been nominated, or
intended to be nominated, by the Board of Directors; and (e) the consent of each
nominee to serve as a director of the Corporation if so elected.
In the event that a person is validly designated as a nominee in
accordance with this Section 2.15 and shall thereafter become unable or
unwilling to stand for election to the Board of
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Directors, the Board of Directors or the stockholder who proposed such nominee,
as the case may be, may designate a substitute nominee upon delivery, not fewer
than five days prior to the date of the meeting for the election of such
nominee, of a written notice to the Secretary, setting forth such information
regarding such substitute nominee as would have been required to be delivered to
the Secretary pursuant to this Section 2.15 had such substitute nominee been
initially proposed as a nominee. Such notice shall include a signed consent to
serve as a director of the Corporation, if elected, of each such substitute
nominee.
If the chairman of the meeting for the election of Directors determines
that a nomination of any candidate for election as a Director at such meeting
was not made in accordance with the applicable provisions of this Section 2.15,
such nomination shall be void; provided, however, that nothing in this Section
2.15 shall be deemed to limit any voting rights upon the occurrence of dividend
arrearages provided to holders of Preferred Stock pursuant to the Preferred
Stock designation for any series of Preferred Stock.
Article 3. Officers
3.1 Enumeration. The officers of the corporation shall consist of a
President and Chief Executive Officer, a Secretary, a Chief Financial Officer
and such other officers with such other titles as the Board of Directors shall
determine, including, at the discretion of the Board of Directors, a Chairman of
the Board, and one or more Vice Presidents and Assistant Secretaries. The Board
of Directors may appoint such other officers as it may deem appropriate.
3.2 Election. Officers shall be elected annually by the Board of
Directors at its first meeting following the annual meeting of stockholders.
Officers may be appointed by the Board of Directors at any other meeting.
3.3 Qualification. No officer need be a stockholder. Any two or more
offices may be held by the same person.
3.4 Tenure. Except as otherwise provided by law, by the Certificate of
Incorporation or by these By-laws, each officer shall hold office until his
successor is elected and qualified, unless a different term is specified in the
vote appointing him, or until his earlier death, resignation or removal.
3.5 Resignation and Removal. Any officer may resign by delivering his
written resignation to the corporation at its principal office or to the
President or Secretary. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless
it is specified to be effective at some other time or upon the happening of some
other event. Any officer may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by
the Board of Directors.
3.6 Chairman of the Board. The Board of Directors may appoint a Chairman
of the Board. If the Board of Directors appoints a Chairman of the Board, he
shall perform such duties and possess such powers as are assigned to him by the
Board of Directors. Unless otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, he
shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders, and, if he is a director, at
all meetings of the Board of Directors.
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3.7 President. The President shall, subject to the direction of the
Board of Directors, have responsibility for the general management and control
of the business and affairs of the corporation and shall perform all duties and
have all powers which are commonly incident to the office of chief executive or
which are delegated to him or her by the Board of Directors. The President shall
be the Chief Executive Officer of the corporation, unless otherwise designated
by the Board of Directors. The President shall perform such other duties and
shall have such other powers as the Board of Directors may from time to time
prescribe. He or she shall have power to sign stock certificates, contracts and
other instruments of the corporation which are authorized and shall have general
supervision and direction of all of the other officers, employees and agents of
the corporation, other than the Chairman of the Board.
3.8 Vice Presidents. Any Vice President shall perform such duties and
possess such powers as the Board of Directors or the President may from time to
time prescribe. In the event of the absence, inability or refusal to act of the
President, the Vice President (or if there shall be more than one, the Vice
Presidents in the order determined by the Board of Directors) shall perform the
duties of the President and when so performing shall have at the powers of and
be subject to all the restrictions upon the President. The Board of Directors
may assign to any Vice President the title of Executive Vice President, Senior
Vice President or any other title selected by the Board of Directors.
3.9 Secretary and Assistant Secretaries. The Secretary shall perform
such duties and shall have such powers as the Board of Directors or the
President may from time to time prescribe. In addition, the Secretary shall
perform such duties and have such powers as are incident to the office of the
Secretary, including, without limitation, the duty and power to give notices of
all meetings of stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, to
keep a record of the proceedings of all meetings of stockholders and the Board
of Directors, to maintain a stock ledger and prepare lists of stockholders and
their addresses as required, to be custodian of corporate records and the
corporate seal and to affix and attest to the same on documents.
Any Assistant Secretary shall perform such duties and possess such
powers as the Board of Directors, the President or the Secretary may from time
to time prescribe. In the event of the absence, inability or refusal to act of
the Secretary, the Assistant Secretary (or if there shall be more than one, the
Assistant Secretaries in the order determined by the Board of Directors) shall
perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Secretary.
In the absence of the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary at any
meeting of stockholders or directors, the person presiding at the meeting shall
designate a temporary secretary to keep a record of the meeting.
3.10 Chief Financial Officer. Unless otherwise designated by the Board
of Directors, the Chief Financial Officer shall be the Treasurer. The Chief
Financial Officer shall perform such duties and shall have such powers as may
from time to time be assigned to him by the Board of Directors or the President.
In addition, the Chief Financial Officer shall perform such duties and have such
powers as are incident to the office of chief financial officer, including
without limitation, the duty and power to keep and be responsible for all funds
and securities of the corporation, to maintain the financial records of the
corporation, to deposit funds of the corporation in depositories as authorized,
to disburse such funds as authorized, to make proper
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accounts of such funds, and to render as required by the Board of Directors
accounts of all such transactions and of the financial condition of the
corporation.
3.11 Salaries. Officers of the corporation shall be entitled to such
salaries, compensation or reimbursement as shall be fixed or allowed from time
to time by the Board of Directors.
3.12 Delegation of Authority. The Board of Directors may from time to
time delegate the powers or duties of any officer to any other officers or
agents, notwithstanding any provision hereof.
Article 4. Capital Stock
4.1 Issuance of Stock. Unless otherwise voted by the stockholders and
subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, the whole or any
part of any unissued balance of the authorized capital stock of the corporation
or the whole or any part of any unissued balance of the authorized capital stock
of the corporation held in its treasury may be issued, sold, transferred or
otherwise disposed of by vote of the Board of Directors in such manner, for such
consideration and on such terms as the Board of Directors may determine.
4.2 Certificates of Stock. Every holder of stock of the corporation
shall be entitled to have a certificate, in such form as may be prescribed by
law and by the Board of Directors, certifying the number and class of shares
owned by him in the corporation. Each such certificate shall be signed by, or in
the name of the corporation by, the Chairman or Vice-Chairman, if any, of the
Board of Directors, or the President or a Vice President, and the Chief
Financial Officer, or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the
corporation. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile.
Each certificate for shares of stock which are subject to any
restriction on transfer pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation, the
By-laws, applicable securities laws or any agreement among any number of
shareholders or among such holders and the corporation shall have conspicuously
noted on the face or back of the certificate either the full text of the
restriction or a statement of the existence of such restriction.
4.3 Transfers. Except as otherwise established by rules and regulations
adopted by the Board of Directors, and subject to applicable law, shares of
stock may be transferred on the books of the corporation by the surrender to the
corporation or its transfer agent of the certificate representing such shares
properly endorsed or accompanied by a written assignment or power of attorney
properly executed, and with such proof of authority or authenticity of signature
as the corporation or its transfer agent may reasonably require. Except as may
be otherwise required by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by the
By-laws, the corporation shall be entitled to treat the record holder of stock
as shown on its books as the owner of such stock for all purposes, including the
payment of dividends and the right to vote with respect to such stock,
regardless of any transfer, pledge or other disposition of such stock until the
shares have been transferred on the books of the corporation in accordance with
the requirements of these By-laws.
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4.4 Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates. The corporation may issue a
new certificate of stock in place of any previously saved certificate alleged to
have been lost, stolen, or destroyed, upon such terms and conditions as the
Board of Directors may prescribe, including the presentation of reasonable
evidence of such loss, theft or destruction and the giving of such indemnity as
the Board of Directors may require for the protection of the corporation or any
transfer agent or registrar.
4.5 Record Date. The Board of Directors may fix in advance a date as a
record date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to notice of or
to vote at any meeting of stockholders or to express consent (or dissent) to
corporate action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of
any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights in respect of any
change, concession or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful
action. Such record date shall not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten
(10) days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty (60) days prior
to any other action to which such record date relates.
If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders
entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the
close of business on the day before the day on which notice is given, or, if
notice is waived, at the close of business on the day before the day on which
the meeting is held. The record date for determining stockholders entitled to
express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting when no prior
action by the Board of Directors is necessary, shall be the day on which the
first written consent is expressed. The record date for determining stockholders
for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the
Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating to such purpose.
A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to
vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting;
provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the
adjourned meeting.
Article 5. General Provisions
5.1 Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the corporation shall be as fixed by
the Board of Directors.
5.2 Corporate Seal. The corporate seal shall be in such form as shall be
approved by the Board of Directors.
5.3 Waiver of Notice. Whenever any notice whatsoever is required to be
given by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-laws, a waiver
of such notice either in writing signed by the person entitled to such notice or
such person's duly authorized attorney, or by telecopy, telegraph, cable or any
other available method, whether before, at or after the time stated in such
waiver, or the appearance of such person or persons at such meeting in person or
by proxy, shall be deemed equivalent to such notice.
5.4 Actions with Respect to Securities of Other Corporations. Except as
the Board of Directors may otherwise designate, the President or any officer of
the corporation authorized by
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the President shall have the power to vote and otherwise act on behalf of the
corporation, in person or proxy, and may waive notice of, and act as, or appoint
any person or persons to act as, proxy or attorney-in-fact to this corporation
(with or without power of substitution) at any meeting of stockholders or
shareholders (or with respect to any action of stockholders) of any other
corporation or organization, the securities of which may be held by this
corporation and otherwise to exercise any and all rights and powers which this
corporation may possess by reason of this corporations ownership of securities
in such other corporation or other organization.
5.5 Evidence of Authority. A certificate by the Secretary, or an
Assistant Secretary, or a temporary Secretary, as to any action taken by the
stockholders, directors, a committee or any officer or representative of the
corporation shall as to all persons who rely on the certificate in good faith be
conclusive evidence of such action.
5.6 Certificate of Incorporation. All references in these By-laws to the
Certificate of Incorporation shall be deemed to refer to the Certificate of
Incorporation of the corporation, as amended and in effect from time to time.
5.7 Severability. Any determination that any provision of these By-laws
is for any reason inapplicable, illegal or ineffective shall not affect or
invalidate any other provision of these By-laws.
5.8 Pronouns. All pronouns used in these By-laws shall be deemed to
refer to the masculine, feminine or neuter, singular or plural, as the identity
of the person or persons may require.
5.9 Notices. Except as otherwise specifically provided herein or
required by law, all notices required to be given to any stockholder, director,
officer, employee or agent shall be in writing and may in every instance be
effectively given by hand delivery to the recipient thereof, by depositing such
notice in the mails, postage paid, or by sending such notice by prepaid
telegram, mailgram, telecopy or commercial courier service. Any such notice
shall be addressed to such stockholder, director, officer, employee or agent at
his or her last known address as the same appears on the books of the
Corporation. The time when such notice shall be deemed to be given shall be the
time such notice is received by such stockholder, director, officer, employee or
agent, or by any person accepting such notice on behalf of such person, if hand
delivered, or the time such notice is dispatched, if delivered through the mails
or be telegram or mailgram.
5.10 Reliance Upon Books, Reports and Records. Each director, each
member of any committee designated by the Board of Directors, and each officer
of the Corporation shall, in the performance of his duties, be fully protected
in relying in good faith upon the books of account or other records of the
Corporation, including reports made to the Corporation by any of its officers,
by an independent certified public accountant, or by an appraiser selected with
reasonable care.
5.11 Time Periods. In applying any provision of these By-laws which
require that an act be done or not done a specified number of days prior to an
event or that an act be done during
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a period of a specified number of days prior to an event, calendar days shall be
used, the day of the doing of the act shall be excluded, and the day of the
event shall be included.
5.12 Facsimile Signatures. In addition to the provisions for use of
facsimile signatures elsewhere specifically authorized in these By-laws,
facsimile signatures of any officer or officers of the Corporation may be used
whenever and as authorized by the Board of Directors or a committee thereof.
Article 6. Amendments
6.1 By the Board of Directors. Except as is otherwise set forth in these
By-laws, these By-laws may be altered, amended or repealed or new By-laws may be
adopted by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors present at any
regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors at which a quorum is
present.
6.2 By the Stockholders. Except as otherwise set forth in these By-laws,
these By-laws may be altered, amended or repealed or new By-laws may be adopted
by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least sixty-six and two-thirds
percent (66-2/3%) of the shares of the capital stock of the corporation issued
and outstanding and entitled to vote at any annual meeting of stockholders, or
at any special meeting of stockholders, provided notice of such alteration,
amendment, repeal or adoption of new By-laws shall have been stated in the
notice of such special meeting.
Article 7. Indemnification of Directors and Officers
7.1 Right to Indemnification. Each person who was or is made a party or
is threatened to be made a party to or is involved in any action, suit or
proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative
("proceeding"), by reason of the fact that he or she or a person of whom he or
she is the legal representative, is or was a director or officer of the
corporation or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director
or officer of another corporation, or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or
other enterprise, including service with respect to employee benefit plans,
whether the basis of such proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity
as a director, officer or employee or in any other capacity while serving as a
director, officer or employee, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the
corporation to the fullest extent authorized by the Delaware General Corporation
Law, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any
such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the corporation
to provide broader indemnification rights than said Law permitted the
corporation to provide prior to such amendment) against all expenses, liability
and loss reasonably incurred or suffered by such person in connection therewith
and such indemnification shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a
director, officer or employee and shall inure to the benefit of his or her
heirs, executors and administrators; provided, however, that except as provided
in Section 7.2 of this Article 7, the corporation shall indemnify any such
person seeking indemnity in connection with an action, suit or proceeding (or
part thereof) initiated by such person only if (a) such indemnification is
expressly required to be made by law, (b) the action, suit or proceeding (or
part thereof) was authorized by the Board of Directors of the corporation, (c)
such indemnification is provided by the corporation, in its sole discretion,
pursuant to the powers vested in the corporation under the Delaware General
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Corporation Law, or (d) the action, suit or proceeding (or part thereof) is
brought to establish or enforce a right to indemnification under an indemnity
agreement or any other statute or law or otherwise as required under Section 145
of the Delaware General Corporation Law. Such right shall be a contract right
and shall include the right to be paid by the corporation expenses incurred in
defending any such proceeding in advance of its final disposition; provided,
however, that, unless the Delaware General Corporation Law then so prohibits,
the payment of such expenses incurred by a director or officer of the
Corporation in his or her capacity as a director or officer (and not in any
other capacity in which service was or is tendered by such person while a
director or officer, including, without limitation, service to an employee
benefit plan) in advance of the final disposition of such proceeding, shall be
made only upon delivery to the corporation of an undertaking, by or on behalf of
such director or officer, to repay all amounts so advanced if it should be
determined ultimately that such director or officer is not entitled to be
indemnified under this Section or otherwise.
7.2 Right of Claimant to Bring Suit. If a claim under Section 7.1 is not
paid in full by the corporation within ninety (90) days after a written claim
has been received by the corporation, the claimant may at any time thereafter
bring suit against the corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim
and, if such suit is not frivolous or brought in bad faith, the claimant shall
be entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting such claim. It shall be a
defense to any such action (other than an action brought to enforce a claim for
expenses incurred in defending any proceeding in advance of its final
disposition where the required undertaking, if any, has been tendered to this
corporation) that the claimant has not met the standards of conduct which make
it permissible under the Delaware General Corporation Law for the corporation to
indemnify the claimant for the amount claimed. Neither the failure of the
corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel, or its
stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such
action that indemnification of the claimant is proper in the circumstances
because he or she has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the
Delaware General Corporation Law, nor an actual determination by the corporation
(including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel or its
stockholders) that the claimant has not met such applicable standard of conduct,
shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that claimant has not
met the applicable standard of conduct.
7.3 Indemnification of Employees and Agents. The corporation may, to the
extent authorized from time to time by the Board of Directors, grant rights to
indemnification, and to the advancement of related expenses, to any employee or
agent of the corporation to the fullest extent of the provisions of this Article
with respect to the indemnification of and advancement of expenses to directors
and officers of the corporation.
7.4 Non-Exclusivity of Rights. The rights conferred on any person in
Sections 7.1 and 7.2 shall not be exclusive of any other right which such
persons may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the
Certificate of Incorporation, bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or
disinterested directors or otherwise.
7.5 Indemnification Contracts. The Board of Directors is authorized to
enter into a contract with any director, officer, employee or agent of the
corporation, or any person serving at the request of the corporation as a
director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint
venture, trust or other enterprise, including employee benefit plans, providing
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for indemnification rights equivalent to or, if the Board of Directors so
determines, greater than, those provided for in this Article 7.
7.6 Insurance. The corporation shall maintain insurance to the extent
reasonably available, at its expense, to protect itself and any such director,
officer, employee or agent of the corporation or another corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any such expense,
liability or loss, whether or not the corporation would have the power to
indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under the Delaware
General Corporation Law.
7.7 Effect of Amendment. Any amendment, repeal or modification of any
provision of this Article 7 by the stockholders and the directors of the
corporation shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a director or
officer of the corporation existing at the time of such amendment, repeal or
modification.
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