Registration No. 333-
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 8, 2000
================================================================================
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
------------------
FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
------------------
CITIFINANCIAL MORTGAGE SECURITIES INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
-----------------------
300 St. Paul Place
Baltimore, Maryland 21202
(410) 332-3607
Delaware 52-2207681
(State of incorporation) (Address, including (I.R.S. Employer
zip code, and telephone Identification Number)
number, including area code,
of registrant's principal
executive offices)
------------------------
JOHN R. DYE
ASSOCIATE GENERAL COUNSEL--CORPORATE LAW
Citigroup Inc.
425 Park Avenue
New York, New York 10043
(212) 793-8121
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone
number, including area code, of agent for service)
---------------------
Copies to:
Martin J. Wong Jordan M. Schwartz
General Counsel Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft
CitiFinancial Credit Company 100 Maiden Lane
300 St. Paul Place New York, New York 10038
Baltimore, Maryland 21202
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From
time to time on or after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If the only securities being registered on this form are to be
offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the
following box.|_|
If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be
offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the
Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with
dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box.|X|
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an
offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the
following box and list the Securities Act registration number of the earlier
effective registration statement for the same offering.|_|
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule
462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities
Act registration number of the earlier registration statement for the same
offering.|_|
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to
Rule 434, please check the following box.|_|
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
====================================================================================================================
Proposed Proposed
Maximum Maximum
Title of Securities Amount to Aggregate Aggregate Amount of
to be Registered be Registered Price Per Unit(1) Offering Price(1) Registration Fee
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Pass-Through Certificates(2).......... $1,000,000 100% $1,000,000 $264
====================================================================================================================
</TABLE>
(1) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee.
(2) This Registration Statement also registers an indeterminate amount of
Securities which may be sold by Salomon Smith Barney Inc. in market making
trasactions, to the extent required.
The Registrants hereby amend this Registration Statement on such date
or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrants
shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration
Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of
the Securities Act of 1933 or until this Registration Statement shall become
effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a),
may determine.
<PAGE>
Prospectus
[date], 2000
CITIFINANCIAL MORTGAGE SECURITIES INC.
300 St. Paul Place
Baltimore, Maryland 21202
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ 00,000,000 (APPROXIMATE)
REMIC PASS-THROUGH CERTIFICATES
SERIES 2000-[ ]
CONSISTING OF APPROXIMATELY
o $ ,000,000, in [ ] subclasses, of senior class A Certificates
o $ ,000,000, in [ ] subclasses, of mezzanine class M Certificates
o $ ,000,000, in [ ] subclasses, of subordinated class B Certificates
The Trust will consist primarily of sub-prime mortgage loans secured by first
priority liens on residential property.
[The purchase price for the offered Certificates will be set by the underwriter
or negotiated by the purchaser and the underwriter. Total proceeds to the Trust
will be approximately $ , plus accrued interest from _______ 1, 2000 to the
closing date.]
[Price to Public Underwriting Discount Net Proceeds
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ (__%) $ (__%) $ (__%)]
[The price to public and underwriting discount shown are for all classes of
offered Certificates in the aggregate. This information is shown for each Class
on page S-__. The amount of net proceeds does not reflect accrued interest from
_______ 1, 2000 to the closing date and does not reflect estimated expenses of
$_____.]
CitiFinancial Mortgage Securities does not intend to list the Certificates on a
national securities exchange or the Nasdaq Stock Market.
YOU SHOULD READ "GENERAL RISK FACTORS," BEGINNING ON PAGE [ ] OF THE CORE
PROSPECTUS, AND "SERIES RISK FACTORS," BEGINNING ON PAGE S-[ ]
OF THIS SUPPLEMENT, BEFORE YOU PURCHASE ANY CERTIFICATES.
[UNDERWRITER]
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Certificates are not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities
commission has approved the Certificates or determined that this prospectus is
accurate or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal
offense.
<PAGE>
HOW TO READ THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus consists of a prospectus supplement followed by a core
prospectus. The core prospectus gives general background information that
applies to all Series of Certificates. The supplement gives specific information
about your Series of Certificates. You should carefully read both the core
prospectus and the supplement before investing.
The supplement may update or modify information in the core prospectus.
Whenever information in the supplement differs from information in the core
prospectus, you should rely on the information in the supplement.
In deciding whether to purchase Certificates, you should rely solely on the
information in this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to give you
different information about the Certificates.
Forward-looking statements
In this prospectus we make certain forward-looking statements. These statements
are found in the discussions (including the tables) set forth under "Series Risk
Factors", "General Risk Factors" and "Sensitivity of Certificates to
prepayment". Forward-looking statements are also found elsewhere in this
prospectus and include words such as "expects", "intends", "anticipates" and
similar words. Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to a variety of
risks and uncertainties. Actual results may diverge substantially from those we
anticipate or assume. Such divergence may be caused by, among other things,
o economic conditions and industry competition,
o political, social and economic conditions,
o legal and governmental regulatory initiatives and
o prevailing interest rates and fluctuations in interest rates.
We will not update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect
changes in our expectations or assumptions or to reflect changes in the
conditions or circumstances on which such statements were originally based.
CONTENTS
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT CORE PROSPECTUS
Summary S-3 Summary 3
Series risk factors S-6 General Risk Factors 4
Credit enhancement S-9 Distributions on the
Distributions of interest S-13 Certificates 6
Distributions of principal S-14 The mortgage loans 12
Losses S-16 Defective mortgageloans 15
Sensitivity of Certificates to prepayment S-17 Insurance and other credit
Delinquency, forclosure and loss experience S-23 support 5
Voting rights S-24 Mortgage documents 17
Additional ERISA considerations S-24 CFMSI and its affiliates 17
Legal investment S-25 Mortgage loan underwriting 18
Federal income tax consequences S-25 Servicing 20
Plan of distribution S-26 Default by CF Mortgage 21
Legal opinions S-26 The Trustee 22
Incorporation of additional SEC filings S-27 The pooling agreement 23
Annex A: The loan pool Book-entry and physical
Certificates 25
ERISA considerations 27
Legal investment
considerations 28
Taxation of Certificate
holders 29
Taxation of the Trust 37
Legal aspects of mortgage
loans 3
Use of proceeds 48
Additional information 48
Exhibit A: Loan products 52
Index
S-2
<PAGE>
Prospectus supplement
, 2000
SUMMARY
SERIES OVERVIEW - THE CERTIFICATES
Offered by this prospectus
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Principal balance Expected
at cut-off date, Special rating
Class +/- up to 5% Interest rate features S&P/Moody's Subordinated to Book-entry
/Fitch
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
A-1 $ ,000,000 Variable(1) AAA/AAA N/A Yes
A-2 $ ,000,000 % AAA/AAA N/A Yes
A-3 $ ,000,000 % AAA/AAA N/A Yes
A-4 $ ,000,000 %(2) AAA/AAA N/A Yes
A-5 $ ,000,000 %(2)(3) AAA/AAA N/A Yes
A-6 $ ,000,000 %(2)(3) NAS AAA/AAA N/A Yes
A-7 $ ,000(notional) % IO AAAr/AAA N/A Yes
M-1 $ ,000,000 %(2)(3) AA/AA A [Yes/No]
M-[ ] $ ,000,000 %(2)(3) A/A+ A, M-1 [Yes/No]
B-1 $ ,000,000 %(2)(3) BBB-/BBB A, M-1,M-[ ] [Yes/No]
- -------
(1) Adjusts [monthly] based on LIBOR.
(2) Adjusts after clean-up call date.
(3) Interest rate is capped.
Not offered by this prospectus
- -------
B-[ ] $ 000,000 % A, M-1,M-[ ],B-1
A, M-1,M-[ ], B-1, B-[
[CE] $ 000,000 % ]
[P] [$100] N/A PO N/A
Residuals N/A N/A Residuals N/A
</TABLE>
Trustee, paying agent, The Chase Manhattan Bank
transfer agent and 450 West 33rd Street
certificate registrar New York, New York 10001
S-3
<PAGE>
(212) 946-7312
Relative size of classes Class Principal balance of class as
percentage of principal balance
of all Certificates at cut-off
date (the class percentage)
A % to %
M-1 % to %
M-[ ] % to %
B-1 % to %
B-[ ] % to %
Ratings The offered Certificates will not be sold unless
Standard & Poor's Ratings Group (S&P), Moody's
Investors Service, Inc. (Moody's ) and Fitch IBCA,
Inc. (Fitch) rate the offered Certificates as shown
above.
The "r" symbol in certain S&P ratings identifies
securities that S&P believes may experience high
volatility or high variability in expected returns due
to non-credit risks.
You should evaluate these ratings independently from
similar ratings on other types of securities. A rating
is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold
securities. S&P, Moody's or Fitch may revise or
withdraw a rating at any time.
Initial targeted $__,000,000
overcollateralization
level
Denominations $1,000 and any whole dollar amount above $1,000 except
that one Certificate of each class may be in a
different denomination.
Distribution days [20th] day of each month, beginning ____ [20], 2000
Last distribution day [ ______ 20, 20__].
Clean-up call Permitted when principal balance of mortgage loans is
below 5% of principal balance on cut-off date
Prepayment rate assumed XX% CPR
in structuring Series
"Mortgage related [None of the] [Class A and M] Certificates.
securities" under SMMEA
Record date For a distribution day, the close of business on the
business day immediately preceding that distribution
day (in the case of class A-1) or, or all other
Certificates, the last business day of the calendar
month preceding that distribution day
Closing date [ ], 2000
Conditions to closing The Certificates offered by this prospectus will not
be sold unless each class has received at least the
ratings set forth above [and the Certifi-
S-4
<PAGE>
cates in classes B-[ ] and CE (none of which are
offered by this prospectus) are sold on the closing
date.]
[Underwriter] has agreed to purchase the offered
Certificates on the closing date, subject to the
satisfaction of customary closing conditions.
SERIES OVERVIEW - THE MORTGAGE LOANS AT THE CUT-OFF DATE
Cut-off date _____ 1, 2000
Number of mortgage loans _____
Types of mortgage loans [Fixed rate][Adjustable rate]
Approximately __% of the initial principal balance of
the mortgage loans are balloon mortgage loans.
Types of mortgaged One- to four-family residential properties, of which
properties
o at least % of the mortgaged properties will be
one-family dwellings,
o no more than % of the mortgaged properties will
be condominiums, townhouses, rowhouses or
cooperative apartments,
o at least % of the mortgaged properties were
determined to be primary residences of borrowers,
and
o at least % of the mortgage loans will be first
priority mortgage loans, and the remainder will be
second priority.
(Percentages are of initial principal balance of
mortgage loans.)
Geographic No more than
concentration
o % of the mortgaged properties are in New York,
o % of the mortgaged properties are in [ ],
o 10% of the mortgaged properties are in any other
state, and
o 5% of the mortgaged properties are in any one ZIP
code.
(Percentages are of initialp rincipal balance of
mortgage loans.)
Initial principal $ 00,000,000,+/-up to 5%
balance on cut-off date
Range of initial o at least % of the mortgage loans will have a
principal balances on principal balance less than $_0,000,
cut-off date
o at least % of the mortgage loans will have a
principal balance less than $__0,000, and
o no mortgage loan will have a principal balance
greater than $400,000.
(Percentages are of initial principal balance of
mortgage loans.)
Loan-to-value ratios At origination,
o no more than % of the mortgage loans had a
combined loan-to-value ratio greater than 80%,
o no more than % of the mortgage loans had a
combined loan-to-
S-5
<PAGE>
value ratio greater than 90%,
o [none of][no more than % of] the mortgage loans
had a combined loan-to-value ratio greater than
95%, and
o the weighted average combined loan-to-value ratio
of the mortgage loans was no more than %.
(Percentages are of initial principal balance of
mortgage loans.)
Range of interest rates __.00% to __.99% per annum
on mortgage loans
(before deduction of
servicing fee)
Weighted average _____% per annum
mortgage interest rate
(before deduction of
servicing fee)
Servicing fee 0.50% per annum
Range of maturities 10 to 30 years
Latest scheduled _____ 1, 20__
maturity
Weighted average ___ months
remaining term to
maturity
Originators CF MORTGAGE. CITIFINANCIAL, [Citibank]
Originated from ______ 1, 199_ through ______ 1, ____
Underwriting policies o At least __% of the mortgage loans were originated
using full documentation underwriting policies.
o No more than __% were originated using alternative
or streamlined underwriting policies.
DETAILED INFORMATION
o Information on the mortgage loans expected to be included in the Trust
on the closing date is set forth on Annex A to this supplement. The mortgage
loans actually included in the Trust may differ from the description in the
Summary and Annex A, but the differences will not be material. [Approximately
$_____ in principal balance of additional loans are to be transferred to the
Trust after the initial closing date. CFMSI will file a subsequent Form 8-K
containing similar detailed information on the Trust's mortgage loans after
inclusion of these additional loans.]
SERIES RISK FACTORS
You should consider the following risk factors for this Series, as well as the
general risk factors for the Certificates discussed in the core prospectus,
before you purchase any Certificates.
CREDIT ENHANCEMENT MAY BE INADEQUATE TO PROTECT CERTIFICATES AGAINST ALL LOSSES
Subordination. Part of the credit enhancement for the senior classes of
Certificates is provided by the subordination of other classes of Certificates.
The amount of this credit enhancement for any class of Certificates will,
however, be limited and may decrease over the life of the transaction due to
reductions of the principal balances of the subordinated classes through
distributions of principal and allocation of principal losses to them.
Overcollateralization. The remaining component of credit enhancement is
overcollateralization, which occurs when the total principal balance of the
mortgage loans
S-6
<PAGE>
is greater than the total principal balance of the Certificates.
The existence of overcollateralization will provide additional security for the
Certificates against later realized losses and shortfalls, beyond that provided
by subordination. Overcollateralization can be created for the Trust because the
weighted average net mortgage rate is expected to be higher than the weighted
average of the interest rates on the Certificates. In the absence of loan
losses, this excess interest will not be needed to pay interest on the
Certificates and will instead be applied to make accelerated principal payments
on Certificates. This will cause the Certificates, as a group, to amortize more
rapidly than the loans amortize, resulting in overcollateralization. On the
closing date, there will be [no overcollateralization][overcollateralization of
$_____]. See "Credit enhancement" and "Distributions of principal" below.
The maximum level, or targeted level, of overcollateralization at any time
is limited and may decrease over the life of the transaction as the loans pay
down and experience losses. The attaining of any level of overcollateralization
is dependent on the performance of the loans and, therefore, CFMSI cannot
guarantee that the initial targeted level will be reached or, if reached, that
it will be maintained at any particular level for any period of time.
OVERCOLLATERALIZATION PROVISIONS WILL AFFECT WEIGHTED AVERAGE LIFE AND YIELD OF
CERTIFICATES
The overcollateralization provisions of this Series will affect the weighted
average life and yield to maturity of certain classes of Certificates. Until the
targeted level of overcollateralization for the loan pool has been reached,
excess interest will be applied to pay principal on the class A Certificates,
resulting in accelerated repayment of their principal.
Excess interest is the excess of interest received on the mortgage loans
over the amount of interest accrued on the Certificates. Loans with higher
interest rates will contribute more cash to excess interest. Loans with higher
interest rates have historically prepaid faster than loans with relatively lower
interest rates. Therefore, we can give no assurance as to the amounts of excess
interest available on any distribution day or as to the probable quantitative
effect of the application of excess interest on the yield to maturity of any
Certificate. See "Sensitivity of Certificates to prepayments" below.
GEOGRAPHIC CONCENTRATION MAY INCREASE RISK OF DELINQUENCIES AND LOSSES
Approximately __% of the total initial principal balance of the mortgage loans
in this Series are mortgage loans secured by mortgaged properties located in
[California], approximately __% are secured by mortgaged properties located in
[New York] and approximately __% are secured by mortgaged properties in
[______]. No other state contains mortgaged property securing more than 10% of
the initial principal balance of the mortgage loans.
In recent years, [California,] [the New York metropolitan area] and other
regions have experienced significant fluctuations in housing prices. Weaker
economic conditions and housing markets may result in a higher rate of
delinquencies and defaults by homeowners and in less proceeds being realized
upon liquidations of defaulted mortgage loans. Concentration of mortgage loans
in such regions may present risks greater than those generally present for
similar mortgage-backed securities.
California, Florida and other regions have also experienced natural disasters
such as earthquakes, fires, floods and hurricanes. These disasters may adversely
affect property values generally in the region, and may result in physical
damage to mortgaged properties located in such regions. Any direct damage to a
mortgaged property caused by such disasters, and any deterioration in housing
prices or in economic conditions in a region, may reduce the ability of
homeowners to make scheduled monthly payments on their mortgage loans. This in
turn may increase the likelihood and magnitude of delinquencies and losses on
mortgage loans.
Losses on mortgage loans may adversely affect the yield to maturity on your
Certificates, especially if your Certificates are subordinated. In addition,
delinquencies on mortgage loans may increase the likelihood of foreclosures and
prepayments, which in turn may have an adverse effect on the yield to maturity
of your Certificates.
S-7
<PAGE>
BALLOON LOANS MAY PRESENT A HIGHER RISK OF DEFAULT
A borrower under a balloon loan is required to make a substantial principal
payment at loan maturity. A balloon loan provides for equal monthly payments
based upon an amortization schedule that is longer than the loan term, resulting
in a remaining principal balance due at maturity that is significantly larger
than a single monthly payment. Approximately __% of the total initial principal
balance of the mortgage loans in this Trust are balloon loans. These loans
present a higher risk of default at maturity than mortgage loans that fully
amortize during their terms.
HIGH LOAN-TO-VALUE RATIOS MAY PRESENT A HIGHER RISK OF LOSSES
Approximately __% of the total initial principal balance of the mortgage loans
in this Series are loans with loan-to-value ratios at origination higher than
80%. These loans present a higher risk of loss. Factors such as an overall
decline in the residential real estate market, a rise in interest rates and a
decline in the condition of a mortgaged property may cause the value of a
mortgaged property to be lower than its appraised value at origination. This
lower property value will increase the risk that the proceeds from a sale or
liquidation of the property may not cover the principal balance of the loan plus
accrued interest. See "Distributions on the Certificates - Foreclosures and
their effect" and "Servicing - Realizing on defaulted mortgage loans" in the
core prospectus.
SUBORDINATION PROVISIONS WILL AFFECT AMOUNTS, AND TIMING OF AMOUNTS, PAID TO
SUBORDINATED CLASSES
Classes M-1, M-[ ], B-1 and B-[ ] are subordinated classes. Consequently,
shortfalls in payments received on the mortgage loans may result in shortfalls
in distributions to the subordinated classes, in the following order of
priority:
o Class M-1 is subordinated to class A. Class M-1 will therefore not
receive a distribution of interest on a distribution day until class A has
received full distributions of interest on that day and, likewise, class M-1
will not receive a distribution of principal until class A has received full
distributions of principal on that day.
o Class M-2 is subordinated to classes A and M-1. Class M-2 will
therefore not receive a distribution of interest on a distribution day until
classes A and M-1 have received full distributions of interest on that day and,
likewise, class M-2 will not receive a distribution of principal until class A
and class M-1 have received full distributions of principal on that day.
o Class B is subordinated to classes A, M-1 and M-2. Class B will
therefore not receive a distribution of interest on a distribution day until
classes A, M-1 and M-2 have received full distributions of interest on that day
and, likewise, class B will not receive a distribution of principal until
classes A, M-1 and M-2 have received full distributions of principal on that
day.
In addition, the subordinated classes generally are not entitled to receive
any distributions of principal before ____, 20__ or during periods in which
higher than specified delinquencies exist on the mortgage loans. See "Credit
enhancement - Principal payment priorities" and "Distributions of principal"
below.
Principal losses are allocated to class B and then to class M when the
current total principal balance of the Certificates is greater than the current
total principal balance of the mortgage loans. If a principal loss is allocated
to a class, it reduces (by the amount of the loss) the principal balance that
can ultimately be distributed to that class. Principal losses realized on
mortgage loans and allocated to the subordinated classes are allocated to the
most subordinated class until its principal balance is reduced to zero, then to
the next most subordinated class until its principal balance is reduced to zero,
and so on through the subordinated classes. As a result, the ultimate
distribution to holders of the class M and B Certificates of their principal
balances depends upon the timing and the level of losses realized on the
mortgage loans and other shortfalls in payments on the mortgage loans. See
"Credit enhancement" below.
YIELDS ON CLASS M [AND B] CERTIFICATES WILL BE AFFECTED BY PAYMENT PRIORITIES
The payment priorities for the Certificates cause the yields to maturity of the
class M [and class B] Certificates to be particularly sensitive to prepayment
rates and realized losses on the mortgage loans. Principal distributions on the
class M [and class B] Certificates are not expected to commence before _____
20__, and
S-8
<PAGE>
may commence even later if the level of delinquencies on the mortgage loans is
too high. Losses on the mortgage loans will be allocated to the class M [and B]
Certificates, in reverse order of seniority, if such losses are not covered by
excess interest [or by the class CE Certificates]. See "Subordination" directly
above and "Losses" and "Sensitivity of Certificates to prepayments" in this
supplement.
CLASSES WITH CAPPED INTEREST RATES MAY EXPERIENCE BASIS RISK
The classes for which the effective rate for accrual of interest is subject to a
maximum rate may experience basis risk shortfalls. The difference between
interest accrued at the maximum cap rate and the interest that would accrue if
the normal certificate rate were in effect will not be carried forward, and
holders of such classes will not be entitled to receive the amount of this
shortfall on any later distribution day.
RATINGS CONSIDERATIONS
The ratings of S&P on mortgage pass-through certificates address the likelihood
of the receipt by certificateholders of timely payments of interest and the
ultimate return of principal. S&P ratings take into consideration the credit
quality of the mortgage pool, including any credit support providers, structural
and legal aspects associated with the certificates, and the extent to which the
payment stream on the mortgage pool is adequate to make payments required on the
certificates. S&P's ratings on such certificates do not, however, constitute a
statement regarding frequency of prepayments on the mortgage loans. S&P's rating
does not address the possibility that investors may suffer a lower than
anticipated yield as a result of prepayments of the underlying mortgages. In
addition, a default on a mortgage is treated as a prepayment and may have the
same effect on yield as a prepayment.
The ratings of Moody's on pass-through certificates address the likelihood
of the receipt by certificateholders of all distributions to which they are
entitled. Moody's rating opinions address the structural and legal issues and
tax-related aspects associated with certificates, including the nature of the
underlying loans and the credit quality of any credit support provider. Moody's
ratings on pass-through certificates do not represent any assessment of the
likelihood that principal prepayments may differ from those originally
anticipated.
The ratings assigned by Fitch to mortgage pass-through certificates address
the likelihood of the receipt by certificateholders of all distributions to
which they are entitled. Fitch's ratings address the structural and legal
aspects associated with the certificates, including the nature of the underlying
mortgage loans. Fitch's ratings on mortgage pass-through certificates do not
represent any assessment of the likelihood or rate of principal prepayments.
The ratings do not address the possibility that certificateholders might suffer
a lower-than-anticipated yield.
CREDIT ENHANCEMENT
The dollar amount of credit enhancement available to a particular class on a
distribution day is the sum of the current amount of overcollateralization and
the principal balances of all classes subordinate to it.
ENHANCEMENT LEVELS
The degree of credit enhancement enjoyed by a particular class may be measured
by that class's enhancement level. On any distribution day, a class's
enhancement level is the percentage equivalent of
o the sum of the current principal balances of all classes that are
subordinated to that class plus the current amount of
overcollateralization, divided by
o the principal balance of the mortgage loans at the end of the related
collection period.
On the closing date, the amount of overcollateralization will be
[zero][$______], so that the following classes will have the following
approximate enhancement levels:
Class A: __.00% ($__,000,000)
Class M-1: ____%($__ ,000,000)
Class M-2: __.00% ($__,000,000)
S-9
<PAGE>
Thus, [those classes subordinate to class A will have an aggregate principal
balance that is equal][the aggregate principal balance of those classes
subordinate to class A plus the amount of overcollateralization will be equal]
on the closing date [to] approximately __.00% of the aggregate principal balance
of all mortgage loans.
To preserve class A's enhancement level, for at least [____] years after the
closing date all principal payments made on the Certificates will be paid solely
to class A. This disproportionate allocation of principal will result in a
faster reduction of class A's principal balance than would have occurred if
allocations of principal were made proportionately. As a result, class A's class
percentage will decrease, and the aggregate class percentage of those classes
that are subordinated to class A (i.e., class A's enhancement level attributable
to subordination) will increase. In addition, the allocation of excess interest
as principal payments will also increase class A's enhancement level during this
period by further decreasing class A's class percentage and, in the absence of
losses, by increasing overcollateralization. After the specified class A
enhancement level has been reached, and assuming the principal amount of
mortgage loans delinquent 60 days or more does not exceed a specified level
(i.e., a trigger event is not in effect), the amount of principal paid to class
A will decrease to that necessary to maintain class A's enhancement level at
least equal to the specified class A enhancement level of _____%. See "Principal
payment priorities" below for an explanation of a trigger event.
Class M is also entitled to a degree of credit enhancement throughout the
life of the transaction. If the specified class A enhancement level has been
reached and a trigger event is not in effect, class M-1 and M-2 will receive
principal payments. Class M-1 will receive such principal payments as will
maintain its enhancement level at not less than _____%, and class M-2 will
receive such principal payments as will maintain its enhancement level at not
less than _____%.
OVERCOLLATERALIZATION
The targeted level of overcollateralization is initially $__,000,000. On the
closing date, the actual level of overcollateralization will be
[zero][$__,000,000]. As described in the next paragraph, the targeted level may
be lowered before or after the initial targeted level is reached. Excess
interest will be paid as additional principal payments on the Certificates until
the targeted level is reached. Once the targeted level is attained, application
of excess interest as principal payments will cease. If principal losses on the
loans are experienced after the targeted level has been reached so that the
current amount of overcollater-alization is less than the targeted level, excess
interest will once again be applied as principal payments in order to restore
the targeted level of overcollateralization. Any excess interest not needed to
attain or maintain the targeted level will be applied first, to reimburse the
[subordinated] Certificates for prior interest [and principal] losses allocated
to them, in order of seniority, second, [to the class CE Certificates, third] to
reimburse the servicer and the trustee for their outstanding advances and
expenses and finally, to make a distribution to the residual certificates
[and/or the class P Certificates, as provided in the pooling agreement]. Step
down of targeted level. The targeted level is permitted to decrease, or "step
down", beginning with the distribution day in ______ 200_, if a step down test
is satisfied. This test is satisfied if on the distribution day the enhancement
level for class A is at least _____%. The targeted level may also decrease once
the principal balance of class A has been reduced to zero. If the step down test
is not satisfied on the distribution day in ___ 2000_, the test will be applied
on each subsequent distribution day until the test is satisfied or the class A
principal balance has been reduced to zero. However, the targeted level is not
permitted to step down below an amount equal to the greater of
o $__,000,000 and
o ____% of the total current principal balance of the mortgage loans.
If the targeted level is permitted to decrease on a
distribution day, the amount of the decrease will allow an equal amount of
principal funds to be applied in one of two ways:
o if both of the delinquency and loss tests (discussed in the next paragraph)
are failed, the amount of the decrease will be applied to pay principal to
the subordinated Certificates, in reverse order of seniority.
o otherwise, the amount of the decrease will be paid first, to reimburse the
[subordinated] Certificates for prior interest [and principal] losses
allocated to them, in order of seniority, second, [to the
S-10
<PAGE>
class CE Certificates, third] to reimburse the servicer and the trustee
for their outstanding advances and expenses and finally, to make a
distribution to the residual certificates [and/or the class P
Certificates].
The delinquency and loss tests referred to in the preceding paragraph are
failed if:
o the current class A enhancement level is less than or equal to twice the
total principal balance of mortgage loans delinquent 60 days or more and
o cumulative realized losses on the mortgage loans are greater than or equal
to:
(a) for distribution days in _____ 200_ through _____ 200_, ____% of
the aggregate initial principal balance of the loans,
(b) for distribution days in _____ 200_ through _____ 200_, ____% of
the aggregate initial principal balance of the loans,
(c) for distribution days in _____ 200_ through _____ 200_, ____% of
the aggregate initial principal balance of the loans,
(d) for distribution days in _____ 200_ through _____ 200_, ____% of
the aggregate initial principal balance of loans, and
(e) for distribution days after ____ 200_, ____% of the total initial
principal balance of the loans.
INTEREST AND PRINCIPAL FUNDS
On each determination day, the servicer will separately determine the amounts
of cash representing interest funds and principal funds that were received
during the preceding collection period. Interest funds will be comprised of
o The interest portion of all scheduled monthly payments received for due
days during that collection period (net of the servicing fee).
o The interest portion of all advances made by the servicer on delinquent
monthly payments due during that collection period.
o The portion of the servicer's servicing fee applied to cover prepayment
interest shortfalls on prepayments received during that collection
period (as described below under "Protection against losses and
shortfalls").
o The interest portion of all liquidation proceeds received during that
collection period
(net of liquidation expenses and unreimbursed advances).
o The interest portion of the repurchase price for each defective mortgage
loan repurchased by CFMSI during that collection period.
o The interest portion of any amount deposited with the Trustee by CFMSI in
connection with a substitution of a new loan for a defective loan during
that collection period.
Principal funds will be comprised of
o The principal portion of all scheduled monthly payments received for due
days during that collection period.
o All prepayment principal received during that collection period.
o The principal portion of all liquidation proceeds received during that
collection period (net of liquidation expenses and unreimbursed advances).
o The principal balance of each defective mortgage loan repurchased by CFMSI
during that collection period.
o The principal portion of any amount deposited with the Trustee by CFMSI in
connection with a substitution of a new loan for a defective loan during
that collection period.
The principal balance of a mortgage loan on a distribution day is the loan's
actual principal balance on the last day of the related collection period; that
is, it is not reduced to reflect the receipt of any unscheduled principal
payments received after that collection period.
INTEREST PAYMENT PRIORITIES
On each distribution day, cash in the Trust that is available for distribution
and which represents interest funds will first be applied to pay [the ____
insurance premium and to pay] the Trustee fee and any reimbursable Trustee
expenses, and then will be distributed in the following order of priority:
1 current accrued interest on class A, plus any past due interest,
2 current accrued interest on class M-1,
3 current accrued interest on class M-2 and
4 current accrued interest on class B.
Interest payment priorities thus reflect the subordination feature of credit
enhancement.
S-11
<PAGE>
Any interest funds remaining after the above payments have been made is
excess interest and will be distributed as described above under "Credit
enhancement--Overcollateralization".
[The ___ insurance premium is equal to __% per annum of the principal
balance of the [class A-] Certificates.] The Trustee fee is equal to __% per
annum of the total current principal balance of the mortgage loans.
PRINCIPAL PAYMENT PRIORITIES
On each distribution day occurring before the date on which the specified class
A enhancement level is reached, and on each distribution day thereafter on which
a trigger event is in effect, the class A Certificates will be entitled to
receive 100% of all amounts distributable as principal on the Certificates. A
trigger event will be in effect if on a distribution day the principal balance
of loans that are 60 days or more delinquent (expressed as a percentage of the
current total mortgage loan balance) is one-half or more of the current class A
enhancement level.
On all other distribution days, principal payments will be made
sequentially to class A, class M-1, class M-2 and class B, in that order, in
each case up to the amount specified to be paid to that class on that
distribution day.
Principal payment priorities thus also reflect the subordination feature
of credit enhancement. See "Distributions of principal" below.
PROTECTION AGAINST LOSSES AND SHORTFALLS
Subordination protects the senior classes against losses and shortfalls in
receipts of interest and principal on the mortgage loans caused by
o the interest portion of delinquent monthly payments that are not covered by
an advance,
o mortgage loans that have gone into default where the proceeds of insurance,
foreclosure sales and any other receipts do not cover the principal balance
plus accrued interest on the loans and
o prepayment interest shortfalls, to the extent not covered by CF MORTGAGE's
servicing fee, as described in the next paragraph.
If during a collection period a borrower prepays his or her loan in full or
makes a principal prepayment in an amount of [___] times the scheduled monthly
principal payment or more, and does not also pay a full month's accrued interest
on the amount of the prepayment, there will be a prepayment interest shortfall.
If there is a prepayment interest shortfall on a distribution day, CF MORTGAGE
will apply up to [___% of] the servicing fee it would be entitled to retain out
of the scheduled principal and interest payments on the mortgage loans due
during the preceding collection period (but not more than the servicing fee it
actually receives during that collection period) to reduce the shortfall. To the
extent a net shortfall remains, it will reduce the amount of excess interest
available and may result in an interest shortfall being allocated to the
subordinated classes.
The amount of interest losses and shortfalls not covered by other interest
receipts will result in an equal shortfall in the distribution received by the
most subordinated class. The general principle is that a class will not
experience any shortfalls in required interest distributions so long as there is
a more subordinated class outstanding.
All principal losses will first be allocated to reduce the current amount of
overcollateralization. If principal losses cause the current
overcollateralization amount to be reduced to a negative number (that is, the
principal balance of the Certificates is greater than the principal balance of
the loans), then principal losses will be allocated to the subordinated classes,
for so long as they are outstanding, up to the amount necessary to restore the
current amount of overcollateralization to zero. However, once the principal
amounts of classes M and B [and CE] are reduced to zero, all credit enhancement
from subordination will be gone. The date on which this occurs is the
subordination depletion date.
LOSSES AND SHORTFALLS THAT ARE NOT COVERED BY SUBORDINATION
There is one exception to the general principle that a senior class will not
experience any interest shortfalls so long as a more subordinated class is
outstanding. If a scheduled interest payment received from a homeowner is
reduced by operation of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of 1940
(discussed in the core prospectus under "Certain legal aspects of mortgage
loans--Anti-deficiency laws and other limitations on lenders"), then there may
be an interest shortfall. If the amount of interest received is less than 30
days' interest on the loan at a per annum rate equal to the current weighted
average interest rate on the Certificates, then the shortfall (called a Civil
Relief shortfall) will be allocated [first against current
S-12
<PAGE>
accrued interest on class CE and then] over all [other] interest-bearing classes
in proportion to interest accrued.
DISTRIBUTIONS OF INTEREST
Interest will be distributed on the principal balance or notional balance of
each class based on the interest rate for the class shown in "Series overview -
The Certificates" above, subject to
o the distribution priorities described in "Credit enhancement," above,
o the class's proportionate share of any Civil Relief shortfalls, and
o the availability of sufficient cash.
On each distribution day, the amount of interest accrued on a class will be
calculated for the related accrual period. For class A-1, the accrual period
will be the period from (and including) the preceding distribution day (or from
the closing date, in the case of the first distribution day) to (but excluding)
the current distribution day. For all other classes, the accrual period will be
the calendar month preceding the applicable distribution day.
Interest will accrue on class A-1 on the basis of a 360-day year and
actual days elapsed in the relevant accrual period. For all other classes,
interest will accrue on the basis of a 360-day year comprised of twelve 30-day
months.
The notional balance of class A-7 will at all times be equal to the
principal balance of class A-__.
CLASS A-1 INTEREST
Class A-1 will accrue interest at a per annum rate equal to the lesser of
o one-month LIBOR (determined as described below) plus 0.__% and the
o weighted average mortgage loan rate minus 0.______%.
The one-month LIBOR rate to be in effect for a class A-1 accrual period
will be determined two London business days before the start of that accrual
period (a LIBOR determination date). The first accrual period will be from the
closing date to the first distribution day. A London business day is any day on
which dealings in deposits of U.S. dollars are transacted in the London
interbank market.
On each LIBOR determination date, one-month LIBOR will be determined as
follows:
o the Trustee will obtain from the Bridge/Telerate Page 3750 the London
interbank offered rate for one-month U.S. dollar deposits at 11:00 a.m.,
London time, on that day.
o If no rate appears on that page, the Trustee will contact leading banks in
London, selected by the Trustee, that engage in Eurodollar deposits in the
London market, for their quotations of rates offered for one-month U.S.
dollar deposits. If at least two quotations are obtained, then one-month
LIBOR will be the arithmetic mean of such quotations (rounded upwards if
necessary to the nearest 1/16th of a percent).
o If two quotations are not so obtained, CF MORTGAGE will select and contact
major banks in New York City for their quotations of rates at 11:00 a.m.,
New York City time, for one-month loans in U.S. dollars to leading European
banks. If at least two quotations are obtained, then one-month LIBOR will
be the arithmetic mean of such quotations (rounded as described above).
o Otherwise, one-month LIBOR will be set equal to the rate in effect for the
current accrual period.
CLASS A-4 INTEREST
Class A-4 will accrue interest at the fixed rate set forth on page S-3 for all
accrual periods ending before the clean-up call date. If class A-4 remains
outstanding after that date, interest will thereafter accrue at the fixed rate
of ____% per annum.
CERTAIN CAPPED CLASSES
Classes A-5, A-6, M-1, M-2 and B will accrue interest at a per annum rate equal
to the lesser of
o The rate set forth for such class on page S-3 plus (for all accrual periods
relating to distribution days after the clean-up call date) 0.__% and
o The weighted average mortgage loan rate less (x) 0._____% per annum.
S-13
<PAGE>
BASIS RISK
If for any accrual period the interest rate on a class of Certificates (other
than class A-4) is not the rate set forth on page S-3 for such class but is
instead limited to a lower maximum rate based on the weighted average mortgage
loan rate, the holders of such class will not be entitled to recover the
shortfall in accrued interest on any future distribution day.
INTEREST SHORTFALLS
In the unlikely event that on a distribution day before the subordination
depletion date, there is not enough available cash to distribute all accrued
interest on the class A Certificates, interest will be distributed to the class
A subclasses in proportion to their accrued interest for the preceding accrual
period.
Any shortfall in accrued interest distributed to a class will be carried
forward to the next distribution day, subject to the conditions for interest
distributions described above. [No interest will accrue on any unpaid interest
shortfalls.]
On each distribution day, available cash for interest distributions to class
A will first be used to distribute accrued interest for the preceding accrual
period, and any remaining available cash will then be used to reimburse any
interest shortfalls that have been carried forward. Reimbursement of interest
shortfalls to class A will be allocated among the sub- classes in proportion to
the amount of interest shortfalls carried forward.
For all other classes, available cash for interest distributions will be used
to distribute accrued interest for the preceding accrual period only.
Reimbursement of unpaid interest shortfalls on prior distribution days will be
made only if funds are made available from
o excess interest not applied to attain or maintain the targeted level of
overcollateralization and
o principal funds applied due to a decrease or step down in the targeted
level.
See "Credit enhancement - Overcollateralization" above.
DISTRIBUTIONS OF PRINCIPAL
On each distribution day, principal funds and excess interest will be applied to
attain (or maintain) the current targeted level of overcollateralization and to
pay principal on the Certificates.
PRINCIPAL DISTRIBUTIONS
The classes will receive an aggregate principal distribution on each
distribution day equal to the total amount of principal funds, plus all or a
portion of excess interest. The distributions will be allocated, subject to
subordination and priorities, as follows:
o Until the distribution day on which the specified class A enhancement
level is reached, and on any later distribution day on which a trigger event is
in effect, the class A subclasses will be entitled to receive principal
distributions equal to 100% of all principal funds plus any excess interest
applied to attain (or maintain) the current targeted level of
overcollateralization.
o On all other distribution days, subject to the availability of
sufficient cash, the class A subclasses will be entitled to receive principal
distributions in an amount equal to the total principal balance of the class A
Certificates minus the lesser of
o The total current principal balance of the mortgage loans minus
$__,000,000 and
o _____% of the total current principal balance of the mortgage loans.
Any principal distributable to class M or B will be allocated as described in
the next section.
The distribution to class A will be allocated among the class A subclasses
according to the priorities described in the next section. Principal distributed
to a class A subclass will be distributed proportionately among holders of
Certificates of the subclass.
PRIORITIES IN PRINCIPAL DISTRIBUTIONS
On each distribution day, the principal amount payable to the class A subclasses
will be allocated first to class A-6 according to the special rules set out in
"Special rules for class A-6" below, and then the remaining principal will
S-14
<PAGE>
be paid sequentially as follows to each of the class A subclasses until its
principal amount is reduced to zero:
o class A-1,
o class A-2,
o class A-3,
o class A-4,
o class A-5,
o class A-6.
After payment to class A as described above, any remaining principal
distributable on a distribution day will be applied, subject to the availability
of sufficient cash, as follows:
first, to class M-1, until its principal balance is reduced to zero, an
amount equal to the total current principal balance of class A (after giving
effect to the payments to class A on that day) and class M-1 (before giving
effect to such payments) minus the lesser of
o the total current principal balance of the mortgage loans minus
$__,000,000 and
o _____% of the total current principal balance of the mortgage loans;
second, to class M-2, until its principal balance is reduced to zero, an
amount equal to the total current principal balance of classes A and M-1(after
giving effect to the payments to classes A and M-1 on that day) and class M-2
(before giving effect to such payments) minus the lesser of
o the total current principal balance of the mortgage loans minus
$__,000,000 and
o _____% of the total current principal balance of the mortgage loans;
third, to class B, until its principal balance is reduced to zero, an amount
equal to the total current principal balance of classes A, M-1 and M-2 (after
giving effect to the payments to classes A, M-1 and M-2 on that day) and class B
(before giving effect to such payments) minus the lesser of
o the total current principal balance of the mortgage loans minus
$__,000,000 and
o _____% of the total current principal balance of the mortgage loans;
and
finally, to reimburse the subordinated Certificates for prior interest and
principal losses allocated to them, in order of seniority, and then to reimburse
the servicer and the trustee for outstanding advances and expenses.
On any distribution day on which class A's enhancement level is zero (i.e.,
the subordination depletion date has occurred and the current
overcollateralization amount is zero), cash available for principal
distributions to the class A subclasses will be distributed to all outstanding
subclasses in proportion to their principal balances, without regard to the
priorities set forth in the first paragraph of this section.
SPECIAL RULES FOR CLASS A-6
So long as any other class A subclass is outstanding, class A-6 will not receive
a principal distribution before _____ 200_. Thereafter, class A-6 will be
eligible to receive the percentage (set forth in the table below) of its
proportional share of the total principal amount payable to class A for that
distribution day. Class A-6's proportionate share will be based on the
proportion of class A-6's principal balance to the aggregate principal balances
of all class A subclasses.
Distribution day Percentage
------------------------- --------------------
_____ 200_ through [45%]
_____ 200_
_____ 200_ through [80%]
_____ 200_
_____ 200_ through [100%]
_____ 200_
After _____ 200_ [300%]
Class A-6's weighted average life will be longer, and could be significantly
longer, than if it received on each distribution day a principal distribution
proportional to its principal balance.
CLEAN-UP CALL
CFMSI may, on any distribution day on which the principal balance of the
mortgage loans is less than [5%] of the initial principal balance (the clean-up
call date), repurchase the mortgage loans and any other property owned by the
Trust. CFMSI is not, however, obligated to repurchase the loans and other
property. If CFMSI does so repurchase, Certificate holders would then receive a
final distribution
S-15
<PAGE>
on their Certificates. The repurchase price will be equal to the sum of
o the principal balance of the mortgage loans at the end of the related
collection period plus accrued interest thereon (net of the servicing fee)
plus
o the fair market value of all other property owned by the Trust.
The final distribution of principal on the Certificates will be made according
to the distribution priorities described above under "Distributions of
principal." Some Certificates may not receive a distribution equal to their
principal balance plus accrued interest if CFMSI's purchase price is based in
part on the fair market value of the Trust's property.
CFMSI may transfer its right to repurchase the mortgage loans to a third
party.
LOSSES
REALIZED LOSSES
If the net liquidation proceeds on a liquidated mortgage loan are less than
loan's principal balance plus accrued and unpaid interest at the mortgage loan
interest rate through the date on which the loan was liquidated, the difference
will be a realized loss.
A mortgage loan becomes a liquidated loan if CF MORTGAGE either
o determines that all recoverable liquidation and insurance proceeds have
been received or
o accepts payment for the release of the mortgage of less than the principal
balance of the loan after determining that liquidation expenses would exceed the
difference between the cash portion of the payment and the principal balance.
Liquidation proceeds are amounts received or property acquired by CF MORTGAGE
in liquidating a defaulted mortgage loan. In calculating a liquidated loan loss,
net liquidation proceeds (after reimbursement to CF mortgage for unreimbursed
advances and liquidation expenses on the mortgage loan) are applied first to
accrued interest and then to the principal balance of the loan.
LOSS ALLOCATIONS
Any interest portion of a realized loss will first reduce the amount of any
excess interest and then will reduce the amount of interest proceeds available
to pay accrued interest on the Certificates. Cash available to pay Certificate
interest will be allocated as described -above under "Distributions of
interest". Allocation to a class of part or all of the interest portion of a
realized loss on a mortgage loan will reduce interest payments to be received by
the class.
Realized principal losses will be allocated to the subordinated Certificates
only if, after taking into account principal payments (including the application
of excess interest) to the Certificates on a distribution day, the amount of
overcollateralization is negative (that is, the total Certificate principal
balance exceeds the total loan principal balance). In that event, principal
losses will be allocated to the subordinated Certificates to the extent
necessary to increase the amount of overcollateralization to zero.
Allocation to a class of part or all of the principal portion of a realized
loss on a mortgage loan will reduce the class's principal balance by the amount
of the loss allocated to the class. A principal loss can therefore not be
allocated to a class that exceeds the principal balance of the class.
Realized losses will be allocated to the classes in accordance with their
subordination priorities. That is, losses will be allocated first [to class CE
until its principal balance is reduced to zero, then] to class B until its
principal balance is reduced to zero, then to class M-2 until its principal
balance is reduced to zero, and then to class M-1 until its principal balance is
reduced to zero. If the principal balances of the subordinated Certificates have
been reduced to zero, further realized losses [will be not be allocated to
any][will be allocated pro rata over all outstanding] class A subclass[es].
Example: Suppose the principal balance of class B is $1,000 and of class M-2
is also $1,000. Then a realized principal loss of $1,500 that must be allocated
to the Certificates would be allocated to class B until its princi-
S-16
<PAGE>
pal balance is reduced to zero. The remaining $500 of the loss would then be
allocated to the M-2 class, reducing its principal balance to $500.
Losses allocated to a class will be allocated to the Certificates in the
class in proportion to their principal balances.
RECOVERIES
Any recovery of principal on a mortgage loan that had previously been allocated
to the Certificates as a realized loss will be allocated to the subordinated
classes, to the extent of the principal losses allocated to the class, in order
of seniority, beginning with the most senior class.
SENSITIVITY OF CERTIFICATES TO PREPAYMENT
THE PREPAYMENT MODEL
As discussed in the core prospectus ("Distributions on the Certificates - Effect
of prepayments"), the rate at which mortgage loans are prepaid (including by
repurchase or foreclosure) affects a Certificate's
o weighted average life, and
o for mortgage loans purchased at a premium or a discount, yield to maturity.
Prepayments on mortgage loans are commonly measured by a prepayment model. A
prepayment model is a set of assumptions about the rate at which homeowners will
prepay their mortgage loans. "Prepayment" includes refinancings, liquidations
and repurchases by CF MORTGAGE. The model used in this prospectus assumes that
the homeowners will prepay new mortgage loans at a constant prepayment rate
(CPR) equal to some multiple of
o 4% per annum of the principal balance of the mortgage loans in the first
month of the mortgage loans,
o an additional 1.909% per annum in each month thereafter (i.e., 5.909% per
annum in the second month, 7.818% per annum in the third month) until the
12th month, and
o beginning in the 12th month and in each month thereafter, 25% per annum.
If homeowners prepaid their mortgages at exactly these rates, we would say
that they were prepaying at 100% of the prepayment model. Similarly, we would
say that homeowners were prepaying at 50% of the prepayment model if they
prepaid their loans half as fast as 100% - that is, 2% per annum in the first
month, 2.9545% per annum in the second month, and so forth. If homeowners never
made a prepayment, they would be said to prepay at 0% of the prepayment model.
There is no assurance that prepayment of the mortgage loans will conform to
any level of the prepayment model. The rate of principal payments on pools of
mortgage loans is influenced by a variety of economic, geographic, social and
other factors, including the level of mortgage interest rates and the rate at
which homeowners sell their homes, refinance their mortgage loans or default on
their mortgage loans. In general, if prevailing interest rates fall
significantly below the interest rates on the mortgage loans, the mortgage loans
are more likely prepay faster than if prevailing rates rise or remain level.
Conversely, if interest rates rise above the interest rates on the mortgage
loans, we would expect the rate of prepayment to decrease.
Other factors affecting prepayment of mortgage loans include changes in
homeowners' housing needs, job transfers, unemployment and homeowners' net
equity in the mortgaged properties. In addition, as homeowners move or default
on their mortgage loans, the houses are generally sold and the mortgage loans
prepaid, although some of the mortgage loans may be assumed by a new buyer.
Because the amount of principal distributions on each class will depend on
the rate of repayment (including prepayments) of the mortgage loans, the date by
which the principal balance of any class is reduced to zero is likely to occur
earlier than the last scheduled distribution day of [_____, 20], 20__.
The following tables of weighted average lives to maturity, weighted average
lives to call and yields to maturity have been prepared using the following
structuring assumptions:
o The classes of Certificates have the characteristics set forth in "Summary
- - Series overview" above, without regard to any variation or approximation
provided for in that section.
S-17
<PAGE>
o The mortgage loans are comprised of representative pools of loans with the
characteristics set forth in the table below.
o Scheduled payments of principal and interest on the mortgage loans are
received in a timely manner on the first day of each collection period.
o There are no prepayment interest shortfalls or Civil Relief shortfalls.
o The targeted level of overcollateralization is set initially as specified
under "Credit enhancement--
Overcollateralization" above and thereafter decreases in accordance with the
provisions described in that section.
o The class A-1 Certificates accrue interest at a constant rate of _____% per
annum.
o CFMSI does not make a clean-up call (except in the case of the weighted
average life to call).
THE PREPAYMENT MODEL, THE STRUCTURING ASSUMPTIONS AND THE OTHER ASSUMPTIONS
DESCRIBED BELOW ARE MADE FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY. IT IS HIGHLY UNLIKELY
THAT THE MORTGAGE LOANS WILL PREPAY AT A CONSTANT RATE UNTIL MATURITY. THE
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ACTUAL MORTGAGE LOANS ARE ALSO LIKELY TO DIFFER FROM THE
STRUCTURING AND OTHER ASSUMPTIONS. AS A RESULT, THE ACTUAL PRINCIPAL BALANCES,
WEIGHTED AVERAGE LIVES AND PRE-TAX YIELDS OF THE CERTIFICATES ARE LIKELY TO
DIFFER FROM THOSE SHOWN IN THE TABLES IN THE FOLLOWING SUBSECTIONS OF THIS
"SENSITIVITY OF CERTIFICATES TO PREPAYMENT" SECTION, EVEN IF ALL OF THE MORTGAGE
LOANS PREPAY AT THE INDICATED PERCENTAGES OF THE PREPAYMENT MODEL. YOU ARE URGED
TO CONSULT YOUR INVESTMENT ADVISOR AND TO MAKE YOUR INVESTMENT DECISION BASED ON
YOUR OWN DETERMINATION AS TO ANTICIPATED RATES OF PREPAYMENT UNDER A VARIETY OF
SCENARIOS AND THE SUITABILITY OF A CLASS OF CERTIFICATES TO YOUR INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVES.
WEIGHTED AVERAGE LIVES
Weighted average life refers to the average amount of time from the date a
Certificate is purchased until its principal balance is reduced to zero. The
weighted average life of each class shown in the following tables is determined
by (1) multiplying the amount of each distribution of principal by the number of
years from the closing date to the related distribution day, (2) adding the
results and (3) dividing the sum by the initial principal balance of the class.
[REPRESENTATIVE LOAN POOLS TABLE]
S-18
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRINCIPAL BALANCE AS PERCENT OF INITIAL PRINCIPAL BALANCE
CLASS A-1 CLASS A-2 CLASS A-3
DISTRIBUTION DAY 0% 50% 100% 125% 150% 0% 50% 100% 125% 150% 0% 50% 100% 125% 150%
- ---------------- --- --- ---- ---- ---- --- --- ---- ---- ---- --- --- ---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Initial 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
______ 20, 2001
______ 20, 2002
______ 20, 2003
______ 20, 2004
______ 20, 2005
______ 20, 2006
______ 20, 2007
______ 20, 2008
______ 20, 2009
______ 20, 2010
______ 20, 2011
______ 20, 2012
______ 20, 2013
______ 20, 2014
______ 20, 2015
______ 20, 2016
______ 20, 2017
______ 20, 2018
______ 20, 2019
______ 20, 2020
______ 20, 2021
______ 20, 2022
______ 20, 2023
______ 20, 2024
______ 20, 2025
______ 20, 2026
______ 20, 2027
______ 20, 2028
______ 20, 2029
______ 20, 2030
WEIGHTED AVERAGE
LIFE TO MATURITY (YEARS)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE
LIFE TO CALL (YEARS)
</TABLE>
- ---------------------
* Indicates that between zero and 0.05% of initial
principal balance is outstanding.
S-19
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRINCIPAL BALANCE AS PERCENT OF INITIAL PRINCIPAL BALANCE
CLASS A-[ ] CLASS M-[ ] CLASS B-[ ]
DISTRIBUTION DAY 0% 50% 100% 125% 150% 0% 50% 100% 125% 150% 0% 50% 100% 125% 150%
- ---------------- --- --- ---- ---- ---- --- --- ---- ---- ---- --- --- ---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Initial 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
______ 20, 2001
______ 20, 2002
______ 20, 2003
______ 20, 2004
______ 20, 2005
______ 20, 2006
______ 20, 2007
______ 20, 2008
______ 20, 2009
______ 20, 2010
______ 20, 2011
______ 20, 2012
______ 20, 2013
______ 20, 2014
______ 20, 2015
______ 20, 2016
______ 20, 2017
______ 20, 2018
______ 20, 2019
______ 20, 2020
______ 20, 2021
______ 20, 2022
______ 20, 2023
______ 20, 2024
______ 20, 2025
______ 20, 2026
______ 20, 2027
______ 20, 2028
______ 20, 2029
______ 20, 2030
WEIGHTED AVERAGE
LIFE TO MATURITY (YEARS)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE
LIFE TO CALL (YEARS)
</TABLE>
- ---------------------
* Indicates that between zero and 0.05% of initial
principal balance is outstanding.
S-20
<PAGE>
YIELD TO MATURITY
If a Certificate is purchased at a discount from parity (as described below),
and the anticipated yield to maturity of the Certificate assumed faster
prepayments of the mortgage loans than are actually received, the actual yield
to maturity will generally be lower than anticipated. Conversely, if a
Certificate is purchased at a premium to parity, and the anticipated yield to
maturity of the Certificate assumed slower prepayments of the mortgage loans
than are actually received, the actual yield to maturity will generally be lower
than anticipated. Parity is the price at which a Certificate will yield its
coupon, after giving effect to any payment delay.
The timing of changes in the rate of prepayments on the mortgage loans may
significantly affect an investor's actual yield to maturity, even if the average
rate of principal payments is consistent with the investor's expectations. In
general, the earlier a prepayment is received, the greater the effect on the
investor's yield to maturity. As a result, higher (or lower) than anticipated
principal payments during the period immediately following the closing date will
not be offset by the same amount of lower (or higher) principal payments in a
subsequent period.
CFMSI intends to file additional yield tables and other computational
material for some class A subclasses and the class M and B Certificates with the
SEC in a report on Form 8-K. See "Incorporation of additional SEC filings"
below. These tables and materials were prepared by an underwriter at the request
of some prospective investors, based on assumptions provided by, and satisfying
the special requirements of, the investors. These assumptions may differ from
the structuring assumptions and may not be relevant to or appropriate for other
investors.
SENSITIVITY OF THE CLASS A-7 CERTIFICATES
o The following tables indicate sensitivity to various rates of
prepayment on the mortgage loans of the pre-tax yields to maturity on a
corporate bond equivalent basis of the class A-7 Certificates. In addition to
the structuring assumptions described in "The prepayment model" above, we have
assumed that the class A-7 Certificates will be issued at an aggregate purchase
price of approximately __% of their initial notional principal balance.
PRE-TAX YIELDS
PERCENTAGES OF PREPAYMENT MODEL
CLASS 0% 50% 100% 125% 150%
A-7 % % % % %
The pre-tax yields set forth in the preceding table (and in the tables below for
yields on the class B Certificates) were calculated by
o determining the monthly discount rates that, when applied to the
streams of cash flows assumed to be paid on the Certificates, would make the
discounted present value of the assumed stream of cash flows equal an assumed
purchase price for each class A-7 Certificate of __% of its initial notional
principal balance, and
o converting the monthly rates to corporate bond equivalent rates.
The calculation does not take into account the interest rates at which you
might reinvest distributions received by you on the class A-7 Certificates.
YIELDS ON CLASS B CERTIFICATES
The yield to maturity on the class B Certificates will be extremely sensitive to
the amount and timing of losses on the mortgage loans, because if such losses
are allocated to the Certificates, the losses will be entirely allocated to
class B until its principal balance is reduced to zero.
Defaults on the mortgage loans may be measured relative to a default standard
or model. The model used in the following tables, the standard default
assumption, or SDA, assumes constant default rates of
S-21
<PAGE>
o 0.02% per annum of the principal balance in the first month of the mortgage
loans,
o an additional 0.02% per annum in each month from the second month until
the 30th month,
o 0.60% per annum in each month from the 30th month through the 60th month,
o 0.0095% per annum less in each month from the 61st month through the
120th month,
o and 0.03% per annum in each month after the 120th month.
Mortgage loans that conform to this assumption are said to be 100% SDA. A
default assumption of 50% SDA would assume default rates in each month that were
50% of the assumption, and similarly for 150% SDA and other assumptions. No
percentage SDA purports to be a historical description of default experience or
a prediction of the anticipated rate of default of any pool of mortgage loans.
Thefollowing yield tables have been prepared using the structuring
assumptions, except that we assumed that
o scheduled interest and principal payments on the mortgage loans are
received timely, except for mortgage loans on which defaults occur in accordance
with the indicated percentages of SDA,
o all defaulted loans are liquidated after exactly 12 months,
o there are realized losses of a percentage (referred to in the tables as the
"loss severity" percentage) of the principal balance at liquidation of the
liquidated mortgage loans,
o the target level of overcollateralization is reduced only when permitted as
described above under "Distributions of principal - Overcollateralization and
its effects."
The pre-tax yields shown in the following tables were calculated in the same
manner as the pre-tax yields on the A-7 Certificates, as described in the
preceding section. The assumed purchase price is equal to ____% of the initial
principal balance of the class B Certificates.
PRE-TAX YIELD TO MATURITY OF CLASS B CERTIFICATES
Prepayment rate
20% Loss Severity 30% Loss Severity
SDA 50% 100% 150% 50% 100% 150%
Percentage
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
50% % % % % % %
100% % % % % % %
150% % % % % % %
200% % % % % % %
The following table shows aggregate realized losses on the Certificates under
each of the scenarios in the preceding tables, expressed as a percentage of the
initial principal balance:
AGGREGATE REALIZED LOSSES
Prepayment rate
20% loss severity 30% loss severity
SDA 50% 100% 150% 50% 100% 150%
Percentage
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
50% % % % % % %
100% % % % % % %
150% % % % % % %
200% % % % % % %
S-22
<PAGE>
Investors should note that
o the loss severity percentage does not purport to be a historical
description of loss severity experience or a prediction of the anticipated loss
severity of any pool of mortgage loans, and
o even if subsequently cured, delinquencies may affect the timing of
distributions on the class B Certificates, because temporary shortfalls in
available cash would be borne by class B before they would affect the class M
and A Certificates.
DELINQUENCY, FORECLOSURE AND LOSS EXPERIENCE
Loss and delinquency considerations
The following tables show the recent delinquency, foreclosure and loss
experience of mortgage loans serviced by CF MORTGAGE . Essentially all these
mortgage loans were originally purchased or originated by IMC Mortgage Company
("IMC"). On November 15, 1999, CF MORTGAGE acquired from IMC the servicing
rights to all mortgage loans in securitizations then serviced by IMC.
The loans represented in the tables include first and second priority loans,
fixed and adjustable interest rate loans, including buydown loans, loans with
stated maturities of up to 30 years and other types of mortgage loans. Potential
investors should realize that the loan portfolios on which these tables are
based may not be representative of the mortgage loans in the Trust described in
the supplement. In particular, the underwriting guidelines used by CF MORTGAGE
are not identical to those used by IMC. All of the mortgage loans in a Trust
will have been originated to CF MORTGAGE's underwriting standards. There may
also be important differences in, for example, the types of loans, their
maturities and the geographic location of the mortgaged properties. Also,
prevailing national or local economic conditions or real estate values may have
been quite different at the times the loans were originated. Accordingly, the
future delinquency, foreclosure and loss experience on the mortgage loans
described in the supplement is likely to diverge, and may sharply diverge, from
the historical experience of the mortgage loans shown in the following tables.
S-23
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DELINQUENCY AND FORECLOSURE EXPERIENCE ON SERVICED PORTFOLIO
December 31, 1997 December 31, 1998 December 31, 1999
----------------- ----------------- -----------------
Principal
Principal balance Principal
balance ($ millions) balance
Number ($ millions) Number Number ($ millions)
------- ----------- ------ ------------- ------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
102,275 $ 6,956.9 $ $
Loans
Days past due
30-59 2.598% 2.371%
60-89 1.438% 1.292%
90 or more 4.042% 3.886%
Delinquent loans 8.078% 7.549%
In foreclosure 1.235% 1.420%
In bankruptcy 1.522 1.139%
Real estate 0.462 0.441%
owned
Total in default
</TABLE>
LOSS EXPERIENCE ON SERVICED PORTFOLIO
Cumulative net
Aggregate principal losses as
Cumulative net losses balance of percentage of
($millions)(1) securities aggregate
($millions) principal balance
of securities
--------------------- ------------------- -----------------
December 31, 1997 $6.274 $ %
December 31, 1998 $ $ %
December 31, 1999 $ $ %
- ----------------
(1) Calculated without giving effect to any credit enhancement.
VOTING RIGHTS
At all times, the voting rights of holders of the Certificates will be allocated
among the class A, M and B Certificates in proportion to their principal or
notional principal balances
ADDITIONAL ERISA CONSIDERATIONS
The Department of Labor has granted the underwriter, ______, an administrative
exemption, Prohibited Transaction Exemption PTE 90-__ (the underwriter
exemption), from some of ERISA's prohibited transaction rules and some of the
excise taxes imposed by the Internal Revenue Code for the initial purchase, the
holding and the subsequent resale by ERISA plans of certificates in pass-through
trusts that meet the conditions and requirements of the underwriter exemption.
The underwriter exemption should apply to the acquisition, holding, and resale
of the class A Certificates by an ERISA plan, provided that specified conditions
are met, including
o the acquisition of the class A Certificates by an ERISA plan is on
terms (including the purchase price) that are at least as favorable to the ERISA
plan as they would be in an arm's-length transaction with an unrelated party,
o the class A Certificates acquired by the ERISA plan have received a
rating at the time of their acquisition that is in one of the three highest
generic rating categories from any of S&P, Moody's, Fitch or Duff & Phelps
Credit Rating Co.,
o the sum of all payments made to [underwriter] for the distribution of the
class A Certificates is no more than reasonable compensation
S-24
<PAGE>
for underwriting the certificates, and
o the sum of all payments made to and retained by CF MORTGAGE is no more
than reasonable compensation for CF MORTGAGE's services and reimbursement of its
reasonable expenses.
In addition, an ERISA plan investing in class A Certificates must be an
"accredited investor" as defined in Rule 501(a)(1) of Regulation D of the SEC
under the Securities Act of 1933.
The underwriter exemption does not apply to the acquisition and holding of
class A Certificates by ERISA plans sponsored by CFMSI, the underwriter, the
Trustee or any of their affiliates. Moreover, the exemption provides relief from
certain self-dealing/conflict of interest prohibited transactions only if, among
other requirements
o an ERISA plan's investment in each class A subclass does not exceed 25% of
that subclass at the time of the acquisition and
o immediately after the acquisition, no more than 25% of the assets of an
ERISA plan for which the person who has discretionary authority or renders
advice are invested in certificates representing an interest in a trust
containing assets sold or serviced by the same person.
A governmental plan as defined in Section 3(32) of ERISA is not subject to
ERISA or Internal Revenue Code section 4975. However, a governmental plan may be
subject to similar federal, state or local laws. A fiduciary of a governmental
plan should make its own determination as to the need for the availability of
any exemptive relief under such similar laws.
Neither the underwriter exemption nor PTE 83-1 (discussed under "ERISA
considerations" in the core prospectus) applies to the acquisition or holding of
the class M or class B Certificates, which are subordinated to the class A
Certificates.
LEGAL INVESTMENT
The [class A and class M-1] Certificates will [not] be "mortgage related
securities" for purposes of the Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act of
1984, as amended (SMMEA), [so long as they are rated in one of the two highest
rating categories by at least one nationally recognized statistical rating
organization.] [The class M-2 and class B Certificates will not be "mortgage
related securities" under SMMEA.]
FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES
For federal income tax purposes, an election will be made to treat the Trust as
[a REMIC] [multiple separate remics organized in a tiered REMIC structure, an
upper-tier REMIC and one or more lower-tier REMICs]. [Each REMIC will hold
interests in the lower-tier REMIC immediately below it in the tiered structure.]
Each class of offered Certificates will be designated as a regular interest in
the [upper-tier] REMIC. The offered Certificates will be treated as debt
instruments for US federal income tax purposes.
The class A-_ and class A-__ Certificates will be issued with original issue
discount (OID) equal to the excess of their initial principal balances over
their issue prices. It is anticipated that
o the class B-_ Certificates will be issued with OID equal to the excess of
their initial principal balance (plus ___ days of accrued interest) over their
issue price (including accrued interest),
o the class A-_, class A-_, class A-_, class A-_ and class A-_ Certificates
will be issued at a premium, and
o the class A-__, class M-__, class M-__ and class B-_ Certificates will be
issued with de minimis OID.
The offered Certificates will be treated as
o "loans . . . secured by an interest in real property which
is . . . residential real property" and "regular interests in a REMIC" for
domestic building and loan associations,
o "real estate assets" for real estate investment trusts,
o "qualified mortgages" for another REMIC, and
o "permitted assets" for a financial asset securitization investment trust.
S-25
<PAGE>
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
Subject to the terms and conditions of the underwriting agreement among
CitiFinancial, CFMSI and the underwriters, the underwriters, will purchase the
Certificates from CFMSI upon issuance. The underwriter has committed to purchase
all the Certificates if any Certificates are purchased. [The underwriter will
distribute the Certificates from time to time in negotiated transactions or
otherwise at varying prices to be determined at the time of sale.]
[Proceeds to CFMSI will be approximately ____% of the aggregate initial
principal balance of the class A Certificates, approximately ____% of the
aggregate initial principal balance of the class M-1 Certificates, approximately
_____% of the aggregate initial principal balance of the class M-2 Certificates
and approximately ____% of the aggregate initial principal balance of the class
B Certificates, plus accrued interest at the rate of ____% and before deducting
expenses payable by CFMSI. In connection with the purchase and sale of the
Certificates, the underwriter may be deemed to have received compensation from
CFMSI in the form of underwriting discounts.]
[CFMSI has agreed to sell to each of the underwriters named below, and each
of the underwriters has severally agreed to purchase, the percentage of the
principal balance of each class of offered Certificates set forth below opposite
the underwriter's name:
A-1 A-[ ] M-[ ] B-[ ]
[name] % % % %
[name] % % % %
[name] % % % %
[CFMSI has been advised by the underwriters that they propose to offer the
offered Certificates to the public initially at the offering price for each
class of Certificates set forth below, and to certain dealers at such price less
a selling concession not to exceed the percentage set forth below, and that
underwriters may allow, and such dealers may reallow, a reallowance discount not
to exceed the percentage set forth below:]
PRICE TO UNDERWRITING SELLING REALLOWANCE
CLASS PUBLIC DISCOUNT CONCESSION DISCOUNT
- ----- ------ -------- ---------- --------
A-1 % % % %
A-2
A-3
A-[ ]
M-1
B-[ ]
After the initial public offering, these concessions and discounts may be
changed.]
The Underwriting Agreement provides that CFMSI and CITIFINANCIAL will
indemnify the underwriter against certain civil liabilities under the Securities
Act of 1933 or contribute to payments the underwriter may be required to make
under that Act.
[Salomon Smith Barney Inc. is an affiliate of CFMSI and CF MORTGAGE. This
prospectus may be used by Salomon Smith Barney Inc., to the extent required, in
connection with market making transactions in the Certificates. Salomon Smith
Barney Inc. may act as principal or agent in such transactions.]
IN CONNECTION WITH THIS OFFERING, THE UNDERWRITERS MAY OVER-ALLOT OR EFFECT
TRANSACTIONS THAT STABILIZE OR MAINTAIN THE MARKET PRICE OF THE CERTIFICATES AT
A LEVEL ABOVE THAT WHICH MIGHT OTHERWISE PREVAIL IN THE OPEN MARKET. SUCH
STABILIZING, IF COMMENCED, MAY BE DISCONTINUED AT ANY TIME.
Legal opinions
Legal opinions will be delivered for CFMSI and CITIFINANCIAL by John R. Dye, as
Associate General Counsel--Corporate Law of Citigroup Inc., and for the
underwriters by Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, New York, New York. An opinion on
federal income tax matters will be delivered for CFMSI by Rona Daniels, Vice
President and Tax Counsel for Asset Securitization of Citibank, N.A. Mr. Dye
and Ms. Daniels each owns or
S-26
<PAGE>
has the right to acquire less than 0.01% of the outstanding common stock of
Citigroup Inc. An opinion on ERISA matters will be delivered for CFMSI by
Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, New York, New York.
INCORPORATION OF ADDITIONAL SEC FILINGS
The following documents filed with the SEC by CFMSI under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 are incorporated by reference in this prospectus as of
their filing dates:
o Current Report on Form 8-K dated _____ __, 2000, filed pursuant to
Section 13, and
o all reports subsequently filed pursuant to sections 13(a), 13(c) or 15(d)
prior to the termination of the offering of the Certificates.
S-27
<PAGE>
ANNEX A
THE LOAN POOL
The statistical information presented below is based on the mortgage
loan pool as of the cut-off date of ________ 1, 2000. The pool totaled
$_________ as of the cut-off date. Some amortization of the pool will occur
prior to the closing date. Some loans included in the pool may prepay in part or
in full, or may be determined not to meet the eligibility requirements for the
final pool and other loans may be substituted therefor. [In addition, CFMSI
intends to sell additional loans to the Trust after the closing date so that the
total pool balance will be approximately $______.] As a result of these factors,
the statistical distribution of characteristics for the pool as of the closing
date [, and as of the date on which the additional loans are sold to the Trust,]
may vary from the statistical distribution of such characteristics as presented
below, but the variance will not be material.
Unless otherwise noted, all percentages are measured by the total
scheduled principal balance of the loans as of the cut-off date. The column
entitled "% of Total Balance" in the tables may not sum to 100% due to rounding.
The loans as of the cut-off date consist of _____ fixed rate
conventional home equity loans evidenced by promissory notes secured by first
and second mortgages. The properties securing the loans consist primarily of
one-to-four family residential properties. The properties are located in __
states. ___% of the mortgaged properties are owner-occupied and the remainder
are non-owner-occupied investment properties (which includes second and vacation
homes). All of the loans have a first payment date on or after ___________,
1999. Loans representing _____% of the total loan balance were secured by first
priority liens and the remaining loans were secured by second liens.
The loan-to-value ratios below were calculated based upon the lower of
the appraised values of the properties at the time of origination or the sales
price. For a limited number of loans and within the Seller's underwriting
guidelines, the Seller has reduced the appraised value of the properties where
the properties are unique, have a high value or where the comparables are not
within guidelines. The reason for these reductions is to value the properties
more conservatively than if the appraisal were accepted as written.
On the cut-off date:
o the average loan balance of the loans was $________.
o the minimum and maximum loan balances were $_,000 and $_______,
respectively.
o the weighted average interest rate on the loans was ____%, and
the interest rate on the loans ranged from _.00% to _____%.
o the weighted average combined loan-to-value ratio of the loans
was ____%.
o the weighted average remaining term to maturity of the loans was
____ months.
o the remaining terms to maturity of the loans ranged from ____
months to 360 months.
o loans containing "balloon" payments represented not more than
_____% of the total loan balance.
o no loan will mature later than ____________ 1, 2030.
o the weighted average credit score was _____.
<PAGE>
Geographic Distribution of Properties
Number of Total % of
State Loans Loan Balance Total Balance
- ----- ----- ------------ -------------
Alabama $ %
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total $
2
<PAGE>
Combined Loan-to-Value Ratios
The original combined loan-to-value ratios on the origination dates of
the loans (based upon appraisals made at loan origination) were distributed as
follows:
Range of Original Number of Total Loan %of
CLTV's Loans Balance Total Balance
- ---------------- ----- ------- -------------
10.001% to 15.000% $ %
15.001 to 20.000
20.001 to 25.000
25.001 to 30.000
30.001 to 35.000
35.001 to 40.000
40.001 to 45.000
45.001 to 50.000
50.001 to 55.000
55.001 to 60.000
60.001 to 65.000
65.001 to 70.000
70.001 to 75.000
75.001 to 80.000
80.001 to 85.000
85.001 to 90.000
90.001 to 95.000
95.001 to 100.000
Total $
3
<PAGE>
Interest Rates
The per annum interest rates of the notes relating to the loans on the
cut-off date were distributed as follows:
Range of Number of Total Loan % of
Interest Rates Loans Balance Total Balance
- -------------- ----- ------- -------------
4.001% to 5.000% $ %
6.001 to 7.000
7.001 to 8.000
8.001 to 9.000
9.001 to 10.000
10.001 to 11.000
11.001 to 12.000
12.001 to 13.000
13.001 to 14.000
14.001 to 15.000
15.001 to 16.000
16.001 to 17.000
17.001 to 18.000
18.001 to 19.000
Total $
4
<PAGE>
Loan Balances
The outstanding principal amounts of the loans on the cut-off date were
distributed as follows:
Number of Total Loan % of
Loan Balances Loans Balance Total Balance
- ------------- ----- ------- -------------
Up to $ 10,000000 $ %
10,000.01 to 20,000.00
20,000.01 to 30,000.00
30,000.01 to 40,000.00
40,000.01 to 50,000.00
50,000.01 to 60,000.00
60,000.01 to 70,000.00
70,000.01 to 80,000.00
80,000.01 to 90,000.00
90,000.01 to 100,000.00
100,000.01 to 110,000.00
110,000.01 to 120,000.00
120,000.01 to 130,000.00
130,000.01 to 140,000.00
140,000.01 to 150,000.00
150,000.01 to 160,000.00
160,000.01 to 170,000.00
170,000.01 to 180,000.00
180,000.01 to 190,000.00
190,000.01 to 200,000.00
200,000.01 to 210,000.00
210,000.01 to 220,000.00
220,000.01 to 230,000.00
230,000.01 to 240,000.00
250,000.01 to 260,000.00
260,000.01 to 270,000.00
280,000.01 to 290,000.00
Total $
5
<PAGE>
Types of Mortgaged Properties
The properties securing the loans were of the following types:
Number of Total Loan % of
Property Types Loans Balance Total Balance
- -------------- ----- ------- -------------
Single Family Detached $ %
Two to Four Families
Single Family Attached
Condominiums
Manufactured Housing
Planned Unit Development
Townhouse
Multi-Family Residential
Mixed Use
Total $
Months Since Origination
The number of months since the date of loan origination on the cut-off
date were distributed as follows:
Number of Months Number of Total Loan % of
Since Origination Loans Balance Total Balance
- ----------------- ----- ------- -------------
0 $ %
1
2
3
4
5
6 to 12
13 to 24
25 to 36
Total $
6
<PAGE>
Remaining Terms to Maturity
The number of months remaining to maturity of the loans on the cut-off
date were distributed as follows:
Months Remaining Number of Total Loan % of
To Maturity Loans Balance Total Balance
- ----------- ----- ------- -------------
Up to 120 $ %
121 to 180
181 to 240
241 to 300
301 to 360
Total $
Occupancy Status (1)
The occupancy status of the properties securing the loans was as
follows:
Number of Total Loan % of
Occupancy Status Loans Balance Total Balance
- ---------------- ----- ------- -------------
Owner $ %
Non-Owner
Total $
(1) Based on representations by the borrower at loan origination.
7
<PAGE>
Lien Position
The lien position of the loans was as follows:
Number of Total Loan % of
Lien Position Loans Balance Total Balance
- ------------- ----- ------- -------------
First Lien $ %
Second Lien
Total $
Prepayment Penalties
The remaining periods of time from loan origination during which the
homeowner is contractually obligated to pay a penalty charge for any loan
prepayment are distributed as follows:
Remaining Number of Total Loan % of
Months Since Loans Balance Total Balance
Origination ----- ------- -------------
- -----------
1 to 12 months $ %
13 to 24 months
25 to 36 months
37 to 60 months
No penalty
Total $
8
<PAGE>
Credit Scores
The credit scores on the loans are distributed as follows:
Number of Total Loan % of
Credit Score Loans Balance Total Balance
- ------------ ----- ------- -------------
500 to 550 $ %
551 to 600
601 to 650
651 to 700
701 to 750
751 to 800
801 to 850
851 to 900
Total $
9
<PAGE>
Core prospectus
[date], 2000
CITIFINANCIAL MORTGAGE SECURITIES INC.
REMIC PASS-THROUGH CERTIFICATES
- ----------------------------------------------------
Holders of Certificates will have an interest in a Trust whose assets consist
principally of sub-prime mortgage loans secured by first and second priority
liens on one- to four-family residences. Each Certificate will entitle its
holder to a portion of distributions of principal and interest payments that the
Trust receives on the mortgage loans, as described in this prospectus.
YOU SHOULD READ "GENERAL RISK FACTORS," BEGINNING ON PAGE 4 OF
THIS CORE PROSPECTUS, AND ANY "SERIES RISK FACTORS" SECTION
IN THE PRECEDING SUPPLEMENT, BEFORE YOU PURCHASE ANY
CERTIFICATES.
<PAGE>
HOW TO READ THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus consists of this core prospectus and the preceding supplement.
This core prospectus gives general background information that applies to all
Series of Certificates. The preceding supplement gives specific information
about the particular Series of Certificates offered by this prospectus. You
should carefully read the entire prospectus before investing.
The supplement may update or modify information in this core prospectus.
Whenever information in the supplement is more recent or more detailed than the
information in this core prospectus, you should rely on the information in the
supplement.
In deciding whether to purchase Certificates, you should rely solely on the
information in this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to give you
different information about the Certificates.
You will find a detailed table of contents for this prospectus immediately
following the cover page of the supplement and an index of all terms defined in
this prospectus at the end of this core prospectus.
2
<PAGE>
SUMMARY
THE CERTIFICATES
CitiFinancial Mortgage Securities Inc. (CFMSI) will set up a Trust that will
purchase one or more pools of mortgage loans from CFMSI. The Trustee for the
Trust is identified in the supplement. The Trustee is not affiliated with CFMSI.
Each mortgage loan will be secured, usually by a first or second priority
mortgage on a one- to four-family residential property. The supplement describes
the specific composition of the mortgaged properties.
The mortgage loans in the Trust will be originated and serviced by
CitiFinancial Mortgage Company (CF MORTGAGE), the parent of CFMSI, or purchased
from third parties and serviced by CF MORTGAGE. CFMSI will purchase all mortgage
loans included in each Trust from CF MORTGAGE.
The Trust will sell Certificates evidencing interests in one or more pools of
mortgage loans. The Certificates offered by a Trust will comprise a single
Series of Certificates. A Certificate holder will own, through the Trust, a
portion of the payments on the mortgage loans received by the Trust and other
property held by the Trust. Payments received by the Trust will, after deduction
of servicing and other costs, be distributed to the Certificate holders.
The Trust will receive scheduled payments of principal and interest on the
mortgage loans, prepayments of principal, proceeds of foreclosure proceedings on
the mortgaged properties securing the mortgage loans and payments of hazard or
other insurance on the mortgaged properties or mortgage loans. The Trust may
also receive other payments described in this prospectus or in the supplement.
Other property of the Trust may include mortgaged properties acquired by
foreclosure, reserve funds or other credit support, and insurance policies. The
Trust's expenses will include fees paid to CF MORTGAGE and/or others for
servicing the mortgage loans, fees of the Trustee, expenses of foreclosure
proceedings, and other expenses.
A Trust may own mortgage-backed securities (MBS) issued by the Federal Home
Loan Mortgage Corporation (popularly known as FREDDIE MAC). Unless otherwise
specified in the supplement, such Trust will own only MBS. The MBS will be
described in the supplement.
DIFFERENT CLASSES OF CERTIFICATES
A Series of Certificates will usually consist of several classes of
Certificates. Some classes of Certificates may not be offered publicly but may
be sold privately (including sales to CFMSI or an affiliated company). Only
Certificates rated as investment grade by a nationally recognized rating agency
will be offered to the public.
Holdersof Certificates in different classes may be entitled to different
distributions out of payments received by the Trust. For example,
o Different classes may not receive interest at the same rate on their
principal balances. Some principal-only, or PO, classes may receive no interest
at all.
o Some classes may receive interest but not principal. Such interest-only, or
IO, classes will receive interest on a "notional" balance, but will not receive
distributions of any part of their notional balance.
o Some accrual classes may not receive interest distributions for a specified
period, with the deferred interest being added to the class's principal balance.
o Some classes may not receive distributions of some or all of their
principal for a stated time or until a stated event (such as reduction to zero
of the principal balance of another class). As a result, some classes will have
their principal balances reduced faster than other classes.
o Some classes may receive distributions of principal out of excess cash
available to the Trust while other classes have no right to receive any part of
such excess cash.
o Some classes may be subordinated to other more senior classes. If there are
delinquencies or losses on the mortgage loans so that the Trust does not have
enough money to distribute the accrued interest and principal to all the
classes, the subordinated classes as a group will absorb a disproportionately
large amount of these shortfalls or losses.
o Some classes may be entitled to credit enhancement of a type, or in an
amount, that is not available to other classes.
A class of Certificates may be divided into subclasses. Each subclass may
have one or more of the characteristics described above.
The supplement describes each class of Certificates in the Series.
3
<PAGE>
REMIC ELECTION
The Trust will elect to be treated as a "real estate mortgage investment
conduit" (or REMIC) under US federal tax laws. The Trust may be comprised of
multiple REMICs. A REMIC is generally not subject to U.S. federal corporate
income tax, so payments of principal and interest on the mortgage loans received
by the Trust can be distributed to Certificate holders without deduction for
this tax. A discussion of federal income tax laws applicable to REMICs and
interests in REMICs is set forth below under "Taxation of the Trust" and
"Taxation of Certificate holders".
GENERAL RISK FACTORS
You should consider the following general risk factors, and any risk factors
described in the supplement that are specific to the Series, before you purchase
any Certificates.
LIMITED LIQUIDITY
The liquidity of the Certificates may be limited.
o A secondary market for a class of Certificates may not develop or, if
it does, it may not provide you with liquidity of investment or continue for the
life of the Certificates.
o While CFMSI anticipates that an underwriter will establish a secondary
market for the Certificates, the underwriter will not have to do so or to
continue doing so for any period of time.
o CFMSI does not intend to list any Certificates on a securities
exchange or automated quotation system.
LIMITED ASSETS
The Trust's assets are generally limited to mortgage loans. If payments and
recoveries on the mortgage loans are insufficient to make all distributions of
interest and principal on the Certificates, there may be no other assets
available to make up the deficiency.
LIMITED DELINQUENCY ADVANCE OBLIGATION
CF MORTGAGE will advance its own funds to cover the interest portion of a
delinquent scheduled payment on a mortgage loan, but only to the extent it
determines that the related mortgage loan will not subsequently be the subject
of a realized loss. To the extent that CF MORTGAGE does not make advances, the
only source of cash for distributions on the Certificates will be cash received
on the mortgage loans and any available credit enhancement.
UNDERWRITING GUIDELINES
CF MORTGAGE's business primarily consists of originating sub-prime mortgage
loans that do not conform to the underwriting standards typically applied by
banks and other primary lending institutions, particularly with respect to a
prospective borrower's credit history. The loans in this Trust are likely to
experience higher rates of delinquency, foreclosure and bankruptcy than the
rates historically experienced for loans underwritten under such standards. See
"Mortgage loan underwriting" below and "Delinquency, loss and foreclosure
experience" in the supplement.
UNCERTAINTY OF YIELDS
The yield to maturity of each class of Certificates will be sensitive, in
varying degrees, to
o the rate of principal prepayments and other unscheduled receipts on the
mortgage loans,
o the allocation of prepayments and unscheduled receipts among the classes of
Certificates,
o the amount, timing and cause of losses and payment shortfalls on the
mortgage loans,
o the allocation of losses and distribution shortfalls among the classes of
Certificates and
o any difference between the purchase price of a Certificate and its
principal balance at the time of purchase.
If you purchase a Certificate at a discount, a slower than anticipated rate
of prepayment will result in an actual yield lower than the anticipated yield.
If you purchase a Certificate at a premium, a faster than anticipated rate of
prepayment will result in an actual yield lower than the anticipated yield. Any
credit enhancement provided for Certificates will be for credit risk, not
prepayment risk. If losses or distribution shortfalls are allocated to your
Certificates, your actual yield will be adversely affected. You should therefore
understand the terms and conditions of any Certificates in which you are
considering an investment and the priorities for principal and interest
distributions and allocations of losses and shortfalls before you make an
investment. See "Distributions on the Certificates" below and "Distributions of
princi
4
<PAGE>
pal," "Losses" and "Sensitivity of Certificates to prepayment" in the
supplement.
MODIFICATION OF LOAN TERMS
If a mortgage loan is in default or, in CF MORTGAGE's judgment, is about to go
into default, CF MORTGAGE is permitted to modify a homeowner's obligations under
that loan. CF MORTGAGE may reduce the loan's interest rate, forgive delinquent
payments of principal and interest or extend the loan's maturity, or a
combination of the foregoing. Any of these modifications will temporarily
reduce, and may permanently reduce, the amount of cash received by the Trust on
the loan. Reduced collections on loans may result in reduced distributions on
one or more classes of Certificates. CF MORTGAGE will take such actions only if
it determines that the action will ultimately reduce the loss that would
otherwise be experienced on that loan. CF MORTGAGE cannot, however, guarantee
that any modification will in fact prove to minimize losses, and the Trust will
have no recourse against CF MORTGAGE if its determinations on modifications
ultimately prove incorrect. See "Servicing - Realizing on defaulted mortgage
loans".
DELAYED INTEREST RATE ADJUSTMENTS
The interest rate on some classes of Certificates may be based on rates on
adjustable rate mortgage loans (ARMS) included in the Trust. These classes will
always receive accrued interest at a rate that lags the rate that they would
receive if holders of such classes invested directly in obligations bearing
interest at the ARM rate. There will be a delay between the time of an
adjustment to the index interest rate on which ARM rates are based and the time
at which homeowners begin making monthly payments reflecting that adjustment.
There will be a further delay between the time of receipt of these monthly
payments from homeowners and the payment to Certificate holders of accrued
interest. See "The mortgage loans - ARMs".
SECOND PRIORITY MORTGAGES
The Trust's assets usually include second priority mortgage loans. These loans
will be subordinate to the first priority mortgage on the same property. It is
unlikely that the Trust will also own that first priority mortgage. If the
homeowner goes into default on his mortgages, all cash received upon
foreclosure, from insurance or otherwise, will be applied to satisfy all amounts
due on the first mortgage before any cash is applied to satisfy the second
mortgage. Amounts due on a first mortgage will include its outstanding balance
as well as any amounts expended by the first mortgage lender in enforcing or
performing the homeowner's obligations under that mortgage.
The servicer cannot foreclose on the property securing a second mortgage
unless it either pays off the first mortgage or assumes the obligation to make
the homeowner's payments under the first mortgage. The Trust will have no funds
available to satisfy first mortgages or to make the homeowner's payments under
the first mortgage. It is CF MORTGAGE's usual practice, as servicer of second
mortgage loans, to satisfy the first mortgage upon foreclosure on the second. CF
MORTGAGE will be entitled to reimbursement of all sums expended by it upon
foreclosure, including satisfaction of the first mortgage or other payments
thereunder and its foreclosure expenses, before any foreclosure proceeds are
applied to make payments on the Certificates. CF MORTGAGE may decide not to
foreclose if it believes that it would not be fully reimbursed for its
expenditures. As a consequence, the servicer may decide not to foreclose on
defaulted second priority loans and, if it does foreclose, there may be
insufficient proceeds from foreclosure to fully satisfy the second priority
loan, resulting in losses that may be suffered by one or more classes of
Certificates.
Expenses of foreclosure generally do not vary directly with the size of the
defaulted loan. Because second loans tend to be smaller in principal amount than
first priority loans, a substantial portion of the foreclosure proceeds on
second loans may be applied to reimbursement of the servicer's expenses before
any remainder is applied to make payments on the Certificates.
5
<PAGE>
Declines in market value of properties. A decline in the market value of a
mortgaged property would affect the interest of a second lien holder before it
affected the interest of a senior lien holder. A decline in the residential real
estate market in which mortgaged properties are located, or a deterioration in
the general condition of mortgaged properties, would be expected to reduce the
market values of those properties. A market value decline could be large enough
to cause the value of a property to be less than the combined amount of the
first and second mortgages, and could extinguish the interest of a second lien
holder. In such cases, CF MORTGAGE could determine that foreclosure on a second
mortgage would not be in the interest of the Trust or Certificate holders, and
could suspend or abandon attempts to collect on the mortgage.
CONSUMER PROTECTION LAWS
The origination of mortgage loans is subject to numerous federal and state laws
and regulations. Certain provisions of these laws and regulations apply to those
loans in a Trust that have higher interest rates and/or higher origination fees
than are customary for loans conforming to guidelines of Fannie Mae and Freddie
Mac. If any mortgage loan is not originated in compliance with such laws in all
material respects, and such non-compliance results in a material adverse effect
on the interest of Certificate holders in that loan, then CFMSI will be required
either to repurchase from the Trust such non-complying loan or to substitute
another mortgage loan for the non-complying loan. Each repurchase will be
treated as a prepayment of the loan, which may affect the yield on some or all
of the classes of Certificates. See "Defective mortgage loans" below.
A failure to comply with applicable laws in the origination of a mortgage
could render the mortgage unenforceable against the homeowner. In this event,
the only recourse of the Trust to recover on such a loan will be the obligation
of CFMSI to repurchase or substitute a loan.
LEGAL INVESTMENT
Institutions whose investment activities are subject to legal investment laws
and regulations or to regulatory review may be subject to restrictions on
investment in certain classes of Certificates. CFMSI cannot represent that any
class of Certificates will be a legal investment for you. You should consult
your counsel on whether any class of Certificates is a legal investment for you.
RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER
The purchase and holding of certain classes of Certificates by or on behalf of
an employee benefit plan subject to the Employee Retirement Security Act of 1974
(ERISA) may result in prohibited transactions under ERISA, the Internal Revenue
Code or similar law. These laws may restrict the number and types of investors
that can buy these classes of Certificates and could therefore adversely affect
the liquidity of these Certificates.
The Trust will not register or recognize a transfer of Certificates of a
subordinated class unless the transferee satisfies the conditions set forth in
"ERISA considerations - Class exemptions" below.
DISTRIBUTIONS ON THE CERTIFICATES
SCHEDULED PAYMENTS ON MORTGAGE LOANS
Each mortgage loan will have a scheduled payment that is due on a specified
day of each month (the due date). The scheduled payment will consist of
o intereston the unpaid principal amount (the principal balance) of the
mortgage loan, and
o a specified part of the principal balance.
For most loans, the interest portion of a scheduled payment is equal to 30 days'
accrued interest at the applicable loan rate. For a minority of loans, accrued
interest is calculated on the basis of the number of days elapsed since the last
scheduled payment was actually made. Scheduled payments may also include
payments for real estate taxes or other assessments and property insurance. The
homeowner usually has a grace period in which he or she can make the payment
without having to pay additional interest or a late payment charge. (In this
prospectus, we often refer to the borrower under a mortgage loan as the
homeowner.)
PROPERTY OF THE TRUST; THE CUT-OFF DATE
The principal balance of each mortgage loan in the Trust will be determined as
of the first day of the month in which the Certificates are issued (the cut-off
date). Prepayments of principal received on or before the cut-off date will not
be property of the Trust. Nor will scheduled payments of principal and interest
for due dates occurring on or before the cut-off date, even if the homeowners
make the payments on or after the cut-off date.
6
<PAGE>
Example: A Trust issues Certificates on January 15. Then January 1 is the
cut-off date. Principal prepayments received on or before January 1 are not
property of the Trust, nor are scheduled payments of principal and interest due
on or before January 1, no matter when they are received. Principal prepayments
received after January 1 are property of the Trust as are scheduled payments due
on January 2 or later, even if the scheduled payments were received before the
cut-off date.
DISTRIBUTION OF SCHEDULED PAYMENTS
The Trustee, as paying agent for the Trust, will distribute principal and
interest on the Certificates at regular intervals. For most Series of
Certificates, distributions will be made monthly. In this core prospectus, it
will be assumed that distributions are made monthly on the [20th] day of the
month (the distribution day).
For each distribution day, the period from and including the second day of
the preceding month through and including the first day of the current month is
the the collection period. On the [15th] day of each month (the determination
day), CF MORTGAGE will determine how much of the scheduled principal and
interest payments due during the preceding collection period has been received
by the persons administering and servicing the mortgage loans (the servicers)
and forwarded to the Trust. After deduction of the servicers' and the Trustee's
fees, these funds will be distributed on the distribution day to the Certificate
holders as principal and interest on the Certificates. (If the [15th] day of the
month is not a business day, the determination day will be the next business day
preceding the [15th]; if the 20th day of the month is not a business day, the
distribution day will be the next business day after the 20th.)
Interest will be paid on each class of Certificates at the rate stated for
the class in the supplement. The interest rate for a class of Certificates may
differ from the average interest rate on the mortgage loans or the rate on any
particular mortgage loan. Principal will be distributed to the various classes
of Certificates in accordance with the priorities stated in the supplement.
In addition to those regular classes of Certificates that have a principal
balance and/or an interest rate, there will be one residual class of
Certificates in each REMIC that will have no interest rate and may have no
principal balance. The residual class will receive in each month some or all of
any amounts that were available for distribution but that exceeded the
distributions required to be made to the regular classes.
CALCULATION OF INTEREST; EFFECTIVE RATE
Monthly distributions of interest on those Certificates having a fixed rate of
interest are calculated on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months.
This means that
o interest for a calendar month will be calculated by multiplying the
principal balance by 1/12 of the annual interest rate for the Certificate,
regardless of the number of days in the month, and
o interest for a part of a calendar month will be calculated by multiplying
the principal balance by the annual interest rate for the Certificate times
a fraction that is the number of days in the month for which interest is
owed over 360.
Calculation of interest for any Certificates bearing a variable or floating rate
of interest is described in the supplement.
Interest accrued on mortgage loans will be due from the homeowner, along with
the scheduled principal payment due, on the specified due day for the loan in
each month, but will not be distributed to Certificate holders until the
distribution day. These payments of principal and interest will not accrue
interest from the due day to the distribution day. For example, for loans having
a due day on the first of the month, interest accrued during January on the
principal balances of those mortgage loans, and the scheduled payments of
principal, will be due from the homeowners on February 1 but will not earn
interest from February 1 to the February 20 distribution day.
This delay in the Certificate holder's receipt of principal and interest for
a period during which no additional interest accrues means that the effective
interest rate on a Certificate will be lower than its stated interest rate.
ADEQUACY OF SCHEDULED PAYMENTS
The Certificates in a Series may be structured so that the aggregate principal
balances of the mortgage loans in the Trust at the cut-off date (without regard
to principal prepayments received on or before the cut-off date or scheduled
payments due on or before the cut-off date) will equal the aggregate principal
balances of the Certificates. For some Series, however, we may provide a higher
principal balance of mortgage loans than of Certificates, thus providing an
initial amount of overcollaterlaization at closing. We may also provide that any
excess cash flow on the loans in the Trust will be used to pay additional
principal on the Certificates so that, over time and in the absence of losses,
the aggregate principal balance of the Certificates becomes less than the
aggre-
7
<PAGE>
gate principal balance of the mortgage loans. These options are described
below under "Insurance and other credit support--Overcollateralization". In
addition, we may provide that a portion of the mortgage loans to be part of the
Trust will be sold to the Trust after the closing date. This option is described
below under "The mortgage loans - Addition of mortgage loans".
The principal balance of a mortgage loan on a distribution day will equal its
actual principal balance, except that it is assumed that no prepayments (whole
or partial) have been made after the end of the related collection period.
If each homeowner were to make all of his or her scheduled monthly payments
of principal and interest on the due day, and never prepay any principal, the
Trust would have sufficient funds (1) to distribute interest to all the classes
of Certificates at their interest rates on each distribution day and (2) to
distribute the last installment of the aggregate principal balance of the
Certificates by no later than the distribution day following the collection
period during which the last scheduled payment of principal and interest on any
mortgage loan is due. Although it is extremely likely that some homeowners will
be late or otherwise default on their mortgage loan payments, or that some
homeowners will make principal prepayments, understanding the adequacy of the
scheduled payments on the mortgage loans to provide funds for full distributions
on the Certificates will help you understand the effects of the Trust's receipt
of payments that are larger or smaller than scheduled.
If the Trust does not have enough money on a distribution day to distribute
all the principal and interest required to be distributed to a particular class,
the terms of a Series will usually provide that available interest receipts will
be used to distribute current interest, and available principal receipts will be
used to pay principal to the class, in the order of priority set forth in the
supplement. Any remaining cash available will be applied as described in the
supplement. Principal and interest will be distributed to the Certificates
within a single class in proportion to the principal (or notional) balances of
the Certificates.
You should note that when we say that the Trust does not have enough money on
a distribution day to distribute all required principal and interest, we mean
only that the Trust has not received enough money that is available for
distribution on the distribution day. For instance, a prepayment that the Trust
receives after the end of a collection period, or a scheduled payment received
after the determination day, is not available to be distributed on the following
distribution day. Also, escrowed or other funds held by the Trust or a servicer
for a special purpose (such as the payment of real estate taxes on the mortgaged
properties) will not be available for distribution at all.
DELINQUENCIES AND THEIR EFFECT; ADVANCES
Homeowners from time to time delay making scheduled payments of principal and
interest until after the end of a collection period. Even a small number of
delinquent payments could mean that the Trust will not have enough money
available to make full distribution of principal and interest to all the
Certificates on the distribution day.
If the Trust does not have enough money on a distribution day to distribute
full interest to all classes of Certificates, it will allocate available
interest receipts to pay current interest accrued to classes in the order of
priority specified in the supplement. Any class that does not receive a full
payment of current accrued interest will be entitled to receive the amount of
the interest shortfall on future distribution days, but only if sufficient cash
is then available for that purpose.
CF MORTGAGE intends to make a delinquency advance to the Trust of a
delinquent payment of interest on a mortgage loan if it believes the loan will
not subsequently become subject to a realized loss. A delinquent payment, and
the advance, may also be for taxes or insurance premiums. On a later
distribution day, the Trust will reimburse CF MORTGAGE for a delinquency
advance, without interest, out of later payments received on the mortgage loan
for which the advance was made or out of excess cash remaining after all
required distributions on Certificates on that day have been made. In addition,
if CF MORTGAGE determines that a prior delinquency advance has become
nonrecoverable, it will be reimbursed for that advance on the next distribution
day out of cash that would otherwise be available for distributions to the
Certificates.
PREPAYMENTS ON MORTGAGE LOANS
A homeowner may prepay part or all of his or her mortgage loan at any time. That
is, a homeowner can pay more principal than he or she is scheduled to pay. The
homeowner can include this additional payment with the scheduled payment of
principal and interest, or can pay it at some other time. A homeowner may incur
an additional prepayment charge for prepaying a mortgage loan. A mortgage loan
may also be prepaid in other circumstances, described in "Types of prepayment"
below.
CF MORTGAGE and CFMSI anticipate that a significant number of mortgage loans
will be prepaid in whole or in part. Homeowner mobility, economic conditions,
enforceability of due-on-sale clauses, mortgage market interest rates and the
availability of mortgage funds will all influence the level of prepayments.
8
<PAGE>
DELAY IN DISTRIBUTION OF PREPAYMENTS
Prepayments received by the servicer during a collection period will generally
not be distributed as principal to Certificate holders until the next
distribution day after the end of that collection period. For example, if $1,000
of prepayments is received on March 2, the Trust will distribute these
prepayments to the Certificate holders on the April 20 distribution day.
EFFECT OF PREPAYMENTS
Prepayments can have a number of effects on the Certificates:
o Prepayments increase the speed at which the principal balance of the
Certificates will be distributed. Principal distributions that are faster or
slower than anticipated can profoundly affect the return, or yield, on a
Certificate. Consider for example a Series consisting of just two classes - an
interest-only (IO) class and a principal-only (PO) class. (This is an unlikely
structure for a Series, but one in which the effect of prepayments can be
clearly seen.) If prepayments on the mortgage loans are greater than
anticipated, the PO class will be paid off faster, and the IO class will receive
less interest, than anticipated. In the extremely unlikely event that all the
mortgage loans are completely prepaid in the first month, the PO class will be
paid off on the first distribution day, greatly increasing its rate of return,
while the IO class will receive only one distribution of interest. Conversely,
if prepayments are less than anticipated, the IO class would benefit, but the PO
class would see its yield reduced.
Generally speaking, if the price of a Certificate is greater than its
principal balance (which is always true for an IO class, since it has no
principal balance), greater than anticipated prepayments will reduce the rate of
return while lesser than anticipated prepayments will increase the rate of
return. The opposite generally holds where the price of a Certificate is less
than its principal balance: greater than anticipated prepayments will increase
the rate of return and lesser than anticipated prepayments will reduce the rate
of return. The extent to which greater or lesser prepayments will affect the
rate of return on a class of Certificates depends on the particular properties
of the class. The supplement describes the extent to which certain classes of
the Series could be affected by changes in the rate of prepayment, based on a
set of assumptions (called a prepayment model) described in the supplement.
o Prepayments can increase or decrease the average interest rate on the
mortgage loans. For example, if (ignoring servicing fees) half of the mortgage
loans (by principal balance) in a pool have an interest rate of 6%, and half
have an interest rate of 8%, the average interest rate for the pool will be 7%.
Suppose the Certificates all carry an interest rate of 7%. If the mortgage loans
with an 8% rate prepay faster than the mortgage loans with a 6% rate, then,
other things being equal, the weighted average interest rate on the mortgage
loans will fall below 7%, so that interest received on the mortgage loans may be
less than the interest required to be distributed on the Certificates.
Mortgages with higher interest rates have historically prepaid faster than
mortgages with lower rates. The result is that if a pool contains mortgage loans
with significantly different interest rates, the higher interest rate mortgage
loans can be expected to payoff faster, with the result that the weighted
average interest rate on the mortgage loans would decline.
o When a homeowner makes a prepayment, he or she will often not pay any
interest on the prepayment. Since the Trust does not distribute this prepayment
until the distribution day, the prepayment amount will usually earn less
interest than the mortgage loan rate or the interest rate on any class of
Certificates.
Example: a homeowner prepays $1,000 on January 10, and pays no interest with
this prepayment. The homeowner's February 1 scheduled payment also does not
include any interest on the $1,000 prepayment. The $1,000 prepayment will be
distributed to the Certificate holders on the February 20 distribution day. The
Trust will also be required to distribute 30 days' interest on the $1,000 -
interest that was not paid by the homeowner. The prepayment may have been
reinvested for the Trust at short-term rates, but the interest earned at these
short-term rates will be less than 30 days' interest at the mortgage loan rate.
If there are a substantial number of prepayments in a collection period, the
drop in interest payments by the homeowners for that period could result in a
shortfall of funds available to distribute interest on the Certificates on the
related distribution day. However, in the case of loans prepaid in full or for
which a sizable prepayment is made, CF MORTGAGE will make up at least part of
such prepayment interest shortfalls out of its servicing fee, as described in
the supplement. The amount of the servicing fee applied to cover these
shortfalls is called compensating interest. CF MORTGAGE will not be entitled to
reimbursement of compensating interest.
9
<PAGE>
TYPES OF PREPAYMENT
In addition to voluntary prepayments by a homeowner, there are other
circumstances in which part or all of a mortgage loan may be prepaid.
o The homeowner may refinance the mortgage loan by prepaying the mortgage
loan in full and taking out a new mortgage loan, or the homeowner and the lender
may agree to modify the terms of the mortgage loan as an alternative to
refinancing (but not as an alternative to foreclosure). Refinanced or modified
mortgage loans will be treated as fully prepaid and removed from the Trust. CF
MORTGAGE is permitted to refinance or modify mortgage loans and from to time may
offer homeowners special refinancing or modification incentives.
o Most mortgage loans permit the servicer to demand payment of the
entire principal balance of the loan upon a sale of the mortgaged property (a
due-on-sale clause) rather than allowing the purchaser to assume the mortgage
loan. CF MORTGAGE will generally exercise a due-on-sale clause if (1) for a
fixed rate mortgage loan, CF MORTGAGE believes the clause is legally
enforceable, and (2) for an adjustable-rate mortgage loan, the assumption would
impair the Trust's security.
o If a mortgaged property is damaged by fire or other hazard insured
under an insurance policy (described below), insurance payments received by the
Trust may be used to reduce the principal balance of the mortgage loan. (They
may also be used to restore the property, which would not be a prepayment.)
o If the mortgage loan is foreclosed (described below), the foreclosure
proceeds, less the expenses of foreclosure and accrued interest, will be used to
reduce the principal balance of the mortgage loan.
o When the aggregate principal balance of all the mortgage loans in a
Series is reduced to less than a stated percentage (usually 5%) of the original
principal balance of the mortgage loans in the Series, CF MORTGAGE or the
holders of the residual Certificate may purchase all the mortgage loans for
their principal balances plus accrued interest. Such a purchase would, in
effect, simultaneously prepay all the mortgage loans. This type of prepayment is
called a clean-up call.
o CFMSI will make various warranties about the mortgage loans to the
Trust; these warranties will be essentially identical to those made by CF
MORTGAGE to CFMSI for the sale of loans to it. If a mortgage loan does not
conform to these warranties and, as a result, the interest of Certificate
holders in that loan are materially and adversely affected, CFMSI must
repurchase or replace that loan. A repurchase will be treated as a prepayment in
full of the loan. See "Defective mortgage loans" below.
FORECLOSURES AND THEIR EFFECT
After a mortgage loan has become seriously delinquent, CF MORTGAGE may take
steps to foreclose. Foreclosure involves seizure and sale of the mortgaged
property. The proceeds of the sale are used first to pay CF MORTGAGE's expenses
of foreclosure and advances, then to pay accrued interest, and lastly to pay the
principal balance of the mortgage loan. The foreclosure process and some
alternatives to foreclosure are described below in "Servicing - Realizing on
defaulted mortgage loans."
If the net proceeds of foreclosure are insufficient to pay all accrued
interest and the full principal balance of the mortgage loan, the shortfall, or
loss, may be allocated to the Certificates as described in the supplement. When
a loss is allocated to a Certificate, it permanently reduces the principal
balance of the Certificate and may also reduce an interest distribution.
Mortgage loan originators take certain precautions to reduce the risk of
foreclosure and of foreclosure losses. These primarily involve checking the
creditworthiness of a potential borrower and the value of the mortgaged
property. CF MORTGAGE 's loan underwriting policies are described below under
"Mortgage loan underwriting."
Certificate holders may also be protected against losses by various types of
insurance and credit support, including the subordination of some classes of
Certificates.
SUBORDINATION
Subordination involves the disproportionate allocation of losses and
distribution shortfalls among Certificates. Subordination protects more senior
classes of Certificates against losses and distribution shortfalls at the
expense of more subordinated classes .
As a simple example, suppose that a Series consists of two classes of
Certificates, A and B, which are alike in all respects except that all losses
and shortfalls allocated to the Certificates will be allocated to the
subordinated B class until the principal balance of the B class is reduced, by
principal distribution or allocation of principal losses, to zero.
A more realistic example would involve several levels of subordination. There
might be a senior class A, a subordinated class B, and a middle "mezzanine"
class M. In this structure, all losses allocated to the Certificates would be
allocated to class B as long as it is outstanding (i.e., until its principal
balance is reduced to zero). Losses
10
<PAGE>
would then be allocated to class M until its principal balance is reduced to
zero. Class M is thus subordinated to class A but senior to class B. A Series
may be structured with even more levels of subordination.
Subordination protects against distribution shortfalls as well as losses. If
on a distribution day, the Trust does not have enough money available to
distribute the required principal and interest to all the Certificates,
subordinated classes may not receive full distribution of principal and
interest.
Cash available for distribution is generally distributed in order of
seniority - that is, first to the most senior class, then to the next most
senior class, and so on until a full distribution has been made or the available
cash is exhausted. Losses are generally allocated in order of subordination -
that is, first to the most subordinated class until its principal balance is
reduced to zero, then to the next most subordinated class until its principal
balance is reduced to zero, and so on until the loss has been fully allocated.
Distribution shortfalls are also generally allocated in order of subordination,
but only up to the amount to have been distributed to the class on that
distribution day.
Subordination can be limited in amount or time (e.g., a class is subordinated
only for five years) or to certain types and amounts of losses (e.g., a
subordinated class is allocated a specific type of loss up to a fixed dollar
limit). Losses that are not covered by subordination are generally allocated
among all the classes proportionately. The supplement describes the subordinated
classes and the precise limits of the subordination.
Once principal or interest is distributed to Certificates in a subordinated
class, the distributions do not have to be refunded even if, on a later
distribution day, full distributions can not be made to a more senior class .
METHOD OF DISTRIBUTION
The Trustee will generally make distributions by wire transfer (if it receives
appropriate instructions) to registered holders of Certificates with an initial
principal balance (or notional balance) of $1 million. In all other cases, the
Trustee will make distributions by check or draft mailed on each distribution
day.
DISTRIBUTION REPORTS
On each distribution day, the Trustee will send a report to each person who is a
registered holder of a Certificate on the related record day. Beneficial owners
of Certificates may obtain copies of these reports free of charge from the
Trustee upon request to the address or telephone number given in the supplement.
The report will include information for each class and subclass on
o the amounts of interest and principal distributed on the Certificates in
the class, and the aggregate amounts of principal and interest for all classes,
o the amount of any losses allocated to the Certificates, by class,
o for accrual Certificates, the accrued interest that has been added to the
Certificate's principal balance,
o the principal balances of the Certificates in the class, and the
aggregate principal balances for all classes, after the distribution,
o the aggregate payments received on the mortgage loans during the related
collection period, and the aggregate principal balance of the mortgage loans
after giving effect to the payments,
o the number and aggregate principal balances of mortgage loans delinquent 30
days, 60 days and 90 or more days,
o the book value of any real estate acquired by the Trust through foreclosure
or otherwise,
o the amount remaining under any form of credit enhancement,
o CF MORTGAGE's servicing compensation since the preceding report, and
o other customary information that CF MORTGAGE believes Certificate holders
need to prepare their tax returns.
CF MORTGAGE will provide Certificate holders that are federally insured
savings and loan associations, on request, reports and access to information and
documentation on the mortgage loans sufficient to permit the associations to
comply with applicable regulations of the Office of Thrift Supervision.
The Trustee or CF MORTGAGE will file with the IRS and state and local taxing
authorities, and make available to Certificate holders, information as required
by federal or other tax law.
11
<PAGE>
THE MORTGAGE LOANS
Each mortgage loan will generally have an original principal balance of not more
than $400,000 and an original maturity of up to 30 years (in the case of first
priority loans) or up to 20 years (in the case of second priority loans).
Each mortgage loan pool will be primarily composed of loans on one- to
four-family residential properties. Other types of residential properties that
may be included in a pool are manufactured housing, planned unit developments,
townhouses, multi-family residences and mixed use properties. The mortgage loans
will primarily be conventional mortgage loans (i.e., not insured or guaranteed
by any governmental agency).
The mortgage loans in a Trust may consist entirely of fixed rate mortgage
loans or entirely of ARMs, or may include one or more pools, each including one
type of loan.
Each mortgage loan will be selected by CFMSI from mortgage loans originated
by CF MORTGAGE or acquired by it in the ordinary course of its business.
Originators of acquired loans may be affiliates of CFMSI. A portion of the
interest component of a mortgage loan may be retained by the originator and not
transferred to the Trust.
The interest rate, the principal balance, the maturity date, the homeowner's
identity, the principal amortization schedule or other terms of a mortgage loan
may have been modified before the Trust bought the mortgage loan. If a mortgage
loan has been so modified, the terms "original," "originated" or "origination"
when applied to the mortgage loan mean
o if only the interest rate has been changed (and, as a result, the
monthly payment), the original date of the extension of credit under the
mortgage loan, but with the modified interest rate and monthly payment, and
o or other changes, the mortgage loan as modified at the effective date of
the modification.
WARRANTIES BY CFMSI
CFMSI will warrant to the Trustee that on the date a Series is issued
o the mortgage loans conform in all material respects with their descriptions
in this prospectus and the schedule of mortgage loans CFMSI delivered to the
Trustee (including maximum loan-to-value ratios and primary mortgage insurance
coverage, as described below),
o at the cut-off date, no more than specified aggregate principal balances of
mortgage loans were delinquent more than 30 days, 60 days or 90 days or more,
o there are no delinquent tax or assessment liens against the mortgaged
properties,
o each mortgaged property is free of substantial damage,
o each mortgage loan had at its origination a lender's title and insurance
policy or binder (or other customary assurance of title), which remains in
force,
o any mechanics' lien or claim for work, labor or material on a mortgaged
property is subordinate to the mortgage (except for liens or claims covered by
title insurance),
o CFMSI had good title to each mortgage loan immediately before its transfer
to the Trust, and has taken all necessary steps to confer good title on the
Trustee,
o each mortgage is either a valid first or second lien on the mortgaged
property, subject only to (1) in the case of second mortgages, the senior lien,
(2) liens for current real property taxes and assessments, (3) covenants,
conditions and restrictions, rights of way, easements and other matters of
public record as of the recording of the mortgage that are generally acceptable
to mortgage lending institutions or specifically reflected in the appraisal of
the mortgaged property at origination and (4) other matters to which similar
properties are commonly subject that do not materially interfere with the
benefits of the mortgage, and
o each mortgage loan complied at origination in all material respects with
applicable state and federal laws, including usury, equal credit opportunity and
disclosure laws.
FIXED RATE MORTGAGE LOANS
A fixed rate mortgage loan may be
o a fully amortizing mortgage loan with level monthly payments of
principal and interest, or
o a balloon mortgage loan that amortizes over a fixed number of years
(generally 30) but has a shorter term to maturity (generally 15 years), so that
the entire remaining principal balance of the loan is due at maturity.
No fixed rate mortgage loan will have "negative amortization" - i.e.,
scheduled payments will not be less than accrued interest at the mortgage loan
interest rate.
ADJUSTABLE RATE MORTGAGES LOANS
Adjustable rate mortgage loans (ARMS) bear interest at a rate that is adjusted
at regular intervals to equal a fixed number of basis points over a variable
index interest rate. (A basis point is 0.01%.) The adjusted rate is generally
rounded to the nearest eighth of a percent. There are often limits on the size
of any one upward or downward adjustment or on the total upward or downward
adjustment during a specified period (such as a year), and there
12
<PAGE>
is usually a limit on the maximum interest rate (and, less commonly, on the
minimum interest rate) that can ever be charged on the mortgage loan.
When the interest rate on an ARM is adjusted, the scheduled monthly payment
of principal and interest will be adjusted in order to amortize fully the
mortgage loan by its stated maturity.
The initial scheduled monthly payment by the homeowner is the amount that
will fully amortize the initial principal balance of the ARM in equal
installments over its original term and pay interest at the initial interest
rate. On the due date of the month following the month in which an interest rate
adjusts, the homeowner must begin making scheduled monthly payments that will
fully amortize the principal balance of the ARM in equal installments over its
remaining term and pay interest at the adjusted interest rate (except for ARMs
that defer a portion of interest, as described in the preceding paragraph).
The homeowner under an ARM may have been qualified at an interest rate that
is lower then the current rate at origination. Accordingly, the repayment of the
ARM will depend on the homeowner's ability to make larger monthly payments after
the initial interest rate adjustment date.
Unless otherwise specified in the supplement, ARMs included in a Trust will
not be convertible at the homeowner's option into fixed rate loans.
Yield considerations. When the scheduled monthly payment on an ARM is adjusted,
the first distribution to Certificate holders that reflects the adjustment will
be made on the distribution day following the collection period which includes
the due date on which the new ARM interest rate is first applied. Furthermore,
adjustments in the interest rate are made on a delayed basis because the
adjustments are based on the relevant index most recently available before the
date of the interest rate adjustment. Also, there may be a delay between the
time the index is set and its public availability. Accordingly, for those
Certificate holders whose interest rates are based on ARM rates, their yield
will be adjusted on a delayed basis relative to movements in the index.
Adjustments to the ARM rate may also be limited by a maximum periodic adjustment
or a maximum or minimum interest rate. The following table illustrates the
timing of the adjustments and receipt by Certificate holders of related
distributions for a hypothetical ARM pool containing ARMs having a July 1
adjustment date based on the value of the index that is most recently available
within 45 days of the ARM adjustment date. All dates are assumed to be business
days.
May 1 Index published.
May 15 Index value picked for use on next adjustment date.
July 1 ARM interest rate adjusted based on value of May 15 index.
August 1 Homeowners make first adjusted monthly payment at adjusted
interest rate; end of collection period.
August [20] First payment to Certificate holders that reflects adjusted
scheduled monthly payments on ARMs.
On the cut-off date for a Trust containing ARMs, some ARMs may be newly
originated while others may have had one or more adjustments.
THE MORTGAGED PROPERTIES
The mortgaged properties will usually be detached homes, attached homes (i.e.,
one- to four-family units with a common wall), units located in condominiums or
planned unit developments or manufactured housing. The mortgaged properties will
be located within the 50 United States and the District of Columbia.
The mortgaged properties may include investment properties and vacation and
second homes. However, CFMSI anticipates that most mortgaged properties will be
the homeowner's primary residence. CF MORTGAGE will determine whether a
mortgaged property is a homeowner's primary residence based solely on either
o the homeowner's representation at origination that he or she will use
the property for at least six months every year or that the homeowner intends to
use the property as a primary residence, or
o the mortgaged property being the homeowner's mailing address in the
originator's records.
LOAN-TO-VALUE RATIOS
First priority mortgage loans will usually have an original principal balance
that is not more than 85% of the value of the mortgaged property (an 85%
loan-to-value ratio). However, CF MORTGAGE offers certain first mortgage loans
for which a loan-to-value ratio of up to 100% is
13
<PAGE>
permitted. For these purposes, "value" is (in the case of refinancings) the
appraised value at origination or (in the case of purchase money mortgages) the
lesser of the sale price of the property or the appraised value at origination,
and the "principal balance" includes any part of an origination fee that is
financed.
Second priority mortgage loans will usually have an original principal
balance that, when combined with the outstanding amount of the first priority
mortgage, is not more than 90% of the property value (a 90% combined
loan-to-value ratio). However, CF MORTGAGE offers certain second mortgage loans
for which a combined loan-to-value ratio of up to 100% is permitted.
See "Mortgage loan underwriting"below.
PRIMARY MORTGAGE INSURANCE
First priority mortgage loans that have original loan-to-value ratios greater
than 80% may be covered by primary mortgage insurance. This insurance will
remain in effect until the loan-to-value ratio is reduced to 80% through
principal payments by the homeowner. Primary mortgage insurance will cover
losses from a homeowner's default of from 12% to 30% of the principal balance of
the mortgage loan. Second mortgages are generally not covered by this insurance.
In nine states, homeowners can cancel their primary mortgage insurance (and
thus save the cost of premiums for the insurance) once the loan-to-value ratio
of their mortgage falls below a specified percentage. The states are California,
Connecticut, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New York, Texas and
Washington.
In addition, recent federal laws permit a homeowner to cancel his or her
primary mortgage insurance if he or she has a good payment history for the
mortgage, the value of the mortgaged property has not declined and the
outstanding balance of the loan falls below a specified level, generally 80% of
the original property value. These federal laws also provide for automatic
cancellation of primary mortgage insurance once the outstanding balance of the
loan falls below a specified level, generally 78% of the original property
value.
Cancellation can occur under state or federal law while there is still an
amount of coverage under the insurance policy.
Cancellation of a primary mortgage insurance policy will eliminate a source
of recourse against lossesresulting from a homeowner default.
ADDITION OF MORTGAGE LOANS
CFMSI may undertake to sell to the Trust additional mortgage loans after the
closing date for a Series of Certificates. These additional loans will be loans
that could not be delivered to the Trust by the closing date because they had
not completed the origination and review process by that date or were otherwise
not able to be delivered by that date. In this event, a portion (not to exceed
25%) of the proceeds received from the sale of the Certificates will be
deposited with the Trustee in a pre-funding account and held for up to 90 days
until the date set for transfer of these additional loans. The cash in the
pre-funding account will be applied to purchase the additional loans from CFMSI.
To the extent that cash remains in the pre-funding account after the purchase of
the additional loans, this cash will be distributed on the next distribution day
to one or more classes of Certificates as a principal payment.
The supplement describes the details for any contemplated transfer of additional
mortgage loans.
JUNIOR MORTGAGES
A mortgaged property may be encumbered by one or more subordinated mortgage
loans. Subordinated loans that are not part of the Trust are not included in
loan-to-value calculations.
DEFECTIVE MORTGAGE LOANS
REPURCHASE OR SUBSTITUTION
The Trustee will review the mortgage loan documents (see "Mortgage documents"
below) within [45] days of receipt. If the Trustee discover that a document
evidencing a mortgage loan or necessary to the effectiveness of the mortgage is
missing or materially defective, and the effect is to materially and adversely
affect the interests of Certificateholders in the mortage loan, CFMSI must,
within [90] days, cure the defect or repurchase or replace the mortgage loan.
If CFMSI or the Trustee ever discovers that a warranty that CFMSI gave to the
Trustee on a mortgage loan is false to an extent that materially and adversely
affects the Certificates, then CFMSI will have 60 days to cure the false
warranty or repurchase the mortgage loan or (if permitted) replace the loan.
14
<PAGE>
The repurchase price for a mortgage loan will be
o the sum of the loan's principal balance and accrued unpaid interest to
date of repurchase, minus
o any unreimbursed payments under credit support or delinquency advances on
the loan.
Repurchase of a mortgage loan will not diminish the amount available under
any credit support.
During the first two years following the closing date, CFMSI may, within the
periods required for a repurchase, substitute another mortgage loan instead of
repurchasing a mortgage loan. A substituted mortgage loan must
o be of a credit grade category at least as high as that of the loan for
which it is substituted,
o have a loan-to-value ratio not greater than that of the loan for which it
is substituted,
o have a principal balance that is equal to the principal balance of the
loan for which it is substituted (except that CFMSI may make up any shortfall in
the principal balance with a cash payment to be distributed to Certificate
holders),
o have an interest rate that is not less than the interest rate of the loan
for which it is substituted,
o have a maturity date that is no later than the latest maturity of any other
loan in the Trust, and
o be suitable for a REMIC.
In addition, a second mortgage cannot be substituted for a first priority
mortgage, and a balloon loan cannot be substituted for a non-balloon loan.
If one or more loans are substituted for one or more defective loans, the
above criteria (other than the interest rate, loan-to-value and REMIC criteria)
may be satisfied on a weighted average or other aggregate basis.
CFMSI will indemnify the Trust for any losses not reimbursed by the
repurchase or substitution. If CFMSI does not cure a defect in a mortgage loan,
the Trustee's and the Certificate holders' only remedy is to require CFMSI to
repurchase the mortgage loan or substitute another satisfactory mortgage loan.
CFMSI will repurchase defective loans by concurrently requiring CF MORTGAGE to
repurchase such loans, and will obtain any substitute loans from CF MORTGAGE.
INSURANCE AND OTHER CREDIT SUPPORT
HOMEOWNERS' POLICIES
Most mortgaged properties will be covered by homeowners' insurance policies
that, in addition to the standard form of fire and extended coverage, provide
coverage for certain other risks. The amount of insurance coverage will depend
on the relationship between the principal balance of the mortgage loan and the
maximum insurable value of the buildings on the mortgaged property. (Maximum
insurable value is established by the insurer.)
o If the principal balance is greater than the maximum insurable value,
coverage will be limited to the maximum insurable value.
o If the principal balance is between 80% and 100% of maximum insurable
value, coverage will equal the principal balance.
o If the principal balance is less than 80% of maximum insurable value,
coverage will be 80% of the maximum insurable value.
CF MORTGAGE requires homeowners to maintain insurance in an amount not less
than the lowest of the principal balance of the loan (including any senior
lien), the maximum insurable value of the property and the minimum amount
necessary to compensate for loss or damage on a replacement cost basis. CF
MORTGAGE may also maintain a blanket policy insuring all the mortgage loans
against hazard losses rather than requiring separate policies on each mortgaged
property. If the blanket policy contains a deductible clause, CF MORTGAGE will
pay the Trust the deductible for each hazard loss.
The standard form of fire and extended coverage policy generally covers
damage caused by fire, lightning, explosion, smoke, windstorm and hail, riot,
strike and civil commotion. The policy typically does not cover damage from war,
revolution, governmental actions, floods and other water-related causes, earth
movement (including earthquakes, landslides and mud flows), nuclear reactions,
wet or dry rot, vermin, rodents, insects or domestic animals, theft and, in some
cases, vandalism. However, flood insurance will be maintained for mortgaged
properties located in federally designated special flood hazard zones.
The insurance policies for the mortgaged properties will be underwritten by
different insurers and therefore will not contain identical terms and
conditions. The preceding paragraph therefore merely indicates certain kinds of
insured and uninsured risks and is not intended to be all-inclusive.
15
If a homeowner defaults on his or her payment obligations on a mortgage loan,
the Certificate holders will bear all risk of loss resulting from hazard losses
not covered by hazard insurance or other credit support.
TITLE INSURANCE
Mortgaged properties will generally be covered by title insurance policies or
commitments, containing only those exceptions that are generally accepted in the
mortgage banking business.
FIDELITY BOND AND ERRORS AND OMISSIONS POLICY
CF MORTGAGE will maintain a fidelity bond and an errors and omissions policy or
their equivalent. These cover losses from an officer's or employee's
misappropriation of funds or errors and omissions in failing to maintain
insurance, subject to limitations as to amount of coverage, deductible amounts,
conditions, exclusions and exceptions. The policies will generally conform to
Fannie Mae requirements.
OTHER INSURANCE
The Trust may obtain the following additional insurance coverage:
o Primary mortgage insurance may be supplemented by pool insurance. Pool
insurance covers certain losses from homeowner defaults that are not covered by
primary mortgage insurance.
o Since hazard insurance policies do not cover all possible causes of
physical damage to mortgage properties, the Trust may obtain special hazard
insurance against some additional hazards.
o Some losses from homeowner bankruptcies may be covered under a mortgagor
bankruptcy bond.
The supplement describes any additional insurance maintained for the
Series.
OVERCOLLATERALIZATION
The principal balance of loans in a Trust at the cut-off date may exceed the
initial principal balance of the Certificates of the related Series, thus
providing an additional measure of protection against losses and delinquencies
on the loans.
Alternatively, a Series may provide that excess cash flow received on the
mortgage loans (generally interest in excess of that required to make interest
payments on the Certificates) will not be released to the servicer or a residual
Certificate holder. Instead, the excess cash will be paid to one or more senior
classes of Certificates as a principal payment, causing the aggregate principal
balance of the mortgage loans to be greater than the aggregate principal balance
of the Certificates; the difference is overcollateralization. The supplement
describes the periods during which, and the maximum amount up to which, such
excess cash flow will be paid as principal.
CROSS-SUPPORT
More than one pool of mortgage loans may be included in a Trust, and certain
classes of the related Series of Certificates may evidence interests in only
one, or less than all, of the pools. Credit support may be provided in this case
by a cross-support feature that requires payments be made on certain classes of
Certificates evidencing interests in one or more pools before payments are made
on more subordinated Certificates evidencing interests in other pools. The
supplement describes any cross-support feature for a Series.
OTHER CREDIT SUPPORT
Additional credit support for a Series may be provided by a guaranty, letter of
credit, financial guaranty insurance policy or one or more reserve funds, which
may be issued or provided by an affiliate of CFMSI or by a third party. The
supplement describes any additional credit support.
MORTGAGE DOCUMENTS
ASSIGNMENTS TO TRUSTEE
On the closing date, CFMSI will buy the mortgage loans from CF MORTGAGE and will
sell the mortgage loans to the Trust, together with any principal and interest
on the mortgage loans that belong to the Trust.
In addition, CFMSI will deliver to the Trustee for each mortgage loan,
o the endorsed mortgage note,
o either (1) the original title insurance commitment or (if available)
the original title insurance policy or (2) an attorney's opinion of title,
o any assumption, modification or buydown agreement, and
16
<PAGE>
o the original recorded mortgage (or, temporarily, a copy if the recorded
document cannot be immediately delivered due to recording delays).
RECORDING OF ASSIGNMENTS
CFMSI will deliver a mortgage assignment in recordable form or a blanket
assignment, which will not be in recordable form, together with a power of
attorney empowering the Trustee to act for the originator in preparing,
executing, delivering and recording in the Trust's name any instruments for
assigning or recording the mortgages.
CFMSI does not expect to record assignments of [first priority] mortgage
loans to the Trust after the issuance of the Certificates. Recording is not
necessary to make the sale to the Trust effective between the Trustee and CFMSI.
However, so long as the Trust is not the mortgagee of record, the Trustee might
not be able to enforce the mortgage directly, but may have to act indirectly
through the record holder of the mortgage (who will be CF MORTGAGE or one of its
affiliates). In addition, if any of the originators or CFMSI were to sell,
assign, satisfy or discharge a mortgage loan before the recording of its
assignment to the Trust, the other party to the sale, assignment, satisfaction
or discharge might have rights superior to the Trust's. If the originator or
CFMSI acted without authority, it would be liable to the Trust or the
Certificate holders. If the originator or CFMSI became bankrupt before the
assignment to the Trust was recorded, creditors of the originator or CFMSI might
have rights in the mortgage loan superior to the Trust's.
CFMSI AND ITS AFFILIATES
CITIFINANCIAL MORTGAGE SECURITIES INC.
CFMSI was incorporated in Delaware in 1999. It is not expected that CFMSI will
have any business operations other than purchasing mortgage loans from CF
MORTGAGE, offering mortgage-backed securities and related activities. CFMSI's
principal offices are at 300 St. Paul Place, Baltimore, Maryland 21202,
telephone (410) 332-3607.
CITIFINANCIAL MORTGAGE COMPANY
CF MORTGAGE was incorporated in Delaware in 1999. CF MORTGAGE derives income
primarily from interest on mortgages that it owns, secondary mortgage market
sales, mortgage loan servicing fees and mortgage origination fees and charges.
On November 15, 1999, CF MORTGAGE purchased from IMC Mortgage Company ("IMC")
the servicing rights to IMC's securitized portfolio of mortgage loans,
representing approximately $6 billion of mortgage loans, as well as certain
other assets.
CF MORTGAGE'S business consists primarily of acquiring and servicing mortgage
loans that do not conform to the underwriting standards of Fannie Mae or Freddie
Mac. It originates loans through its principal office in Tampa, Florida and its
branch offices. CF MORTGAGE acquires loans from a referral network of
correspondent mortgage lenders and broker, banks and other referral sources,
which may include its affiliates.
CF MORTGAGE's principal offices are at 5901 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa,
Florida, 33617, telephone (813) 984-8801.
CITIFINANCIAL CREDIT COMPANY
CitiFinancial Credit Company (CITIFINANCIAL) is a financial services holding
company engaged, through its subsidiaries, in consumer finance services. Its
predecessor company was founded in 1912. CFMSI and CF MORTGAGE are wholly owned
subsidiaries of CITIFINANCIAL. CITIFINANCIAL is itself a wholly owned subsidiary
of Citigroup Inc., a publicly owned Delaware corporation and diversified holding
company. CITIFINANCIAL's business includes consumer lending services as well as
credit-related insurance and credit card services. Its principal offices are at
300 St. Paul Place, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, telephone (410) 332-3000.
17
<PAGE>
MORTGAGE LOAN UNDERWRITING
Mortgage loan underwriting assesses a prospective borrower's ability to repay,
and the adequacy of the property as collateral for, a requested loan.
CF MORTGAGE's real estate lending process for one- to four-family
residential mortgage loans follows a standard procedure, established to comply
with federal and state laws and regulations. Essentially all mortgage loans are
presently originated through CF MORTGAGE'S correspondent mortgage lender and
broker referral network. Loans are pre-approved prior to funding, or purchased
in bulk after funding. CF MORTGAGE anticipates originating loans through its
branches, including those of its parent CITIFINANCIAL, in the future. Regardless
of the source, all loans are subject to the same underwriting guidelines. These
guidelines analyze the prospective borrower's credit history and debt-to-income
ratio, the property type, the borrower's equity in the property, the terms of
any senior mortgage and other relevant factors. A limited number of loans
originated by third parties are subjected to a partial re-underwriting process
as part of CF MORTGAGE's quality control program.
CF MORTGAGE uses a credit scoring system as part of its underwriting process.
The credit scoring system assesses a prospective borrower's ability to repay a
mortgage loan based upon predetermined mortgage loan characteristics and credit
risk factors. The credit scoring model generates a credit score (also known as a
FICO score) ranging from around 250 to 900, with a higher score indicating a
borrower with a relatively more favorable credit history. The credit score is
based upon such factors as the prospective borrower's payment history,
delinquencies on accounts, levels of outstanding debt, length of credit history,
types of credit and bankruptcy experience. CF MORTGAGE generally does not make
loans to prospective borrowers if the credit score is less than 500. Prospective
borrowers remain subject to verification of employment, income, assets and
credit history, as described below.
Initially, a prospective borrower must fill out an application that gives
information about the prospective borrower, the property to be financed and the
type of loan desired. The prospective borrower must also provide
o a current balance sheet and a statement of income and expenses,
o proof of income, such as (in the case of a salaried prospective borrower) a
paycheck stub, W-2 form, tax returns or confirmation by the employer,
o proof of liquid assets (in the case of purchase money loans),
o verification of employment, which may be verified by a third party national
employment verification service, and
o a credit report that summarizes the prospective borrower's credit history
and any record of bankruptcy, delinquencies, judgments, repossessions,
garnishments and similar instances of adverse credit factors that can be
discovered from public records.
Facsimile copies of some verification documents (such as bank statements and
verification of employment) have been accepted in lieu of originals.
Self-employed prospective borrowers must submit proof of a three-year history
of self-employment, as well as their federal income tax returns or bank
statements for the most recent two years.
If a proposed mortgage loan's loan-to-value ratio does not exceed 80%,
self-employed prospective borrowers may be excused from providing financial
statements, federal income tax returns or proof of income.
LENDING GUIDELINES
Once the employment verification and credit reports are received, the originator
decides whether the prospective borrower has enough monthly income to meet
monthly obligations on the proposed loan and related expenses as well as the
prospective borrower's other financial obligations and monthly living expenses.
CF MORTGAGE has established as a lending guideline that the mortgage
payments, plus applicable real property taxes and any condominium or homeowner
association common charges, hazard insurance and other fixed obligations, such
as car payments (together, the debt burden), should not exceed 50% of the
borrower's gross income. This ratio is called the debt-to-income ratio. Where
two individuals co-sign the mortgage note or documents, the income and debt of
both are considered.
Often, other credit considerations may cause a loan underwriter to depart
from the guidelines, and a loan underwriter may require additional information
or verification to compensate for the departure. These credit considerations
could include such factors as a relatively low loan-to-value ratio, a relatively
low debt burden, a relatively high credit score, stable employment and the
length of time in the same residence. Based on industry experience, CF MORTGAGE
believes that these credit considerations will affect underwriting decisions for
a significant number of mortgage loans.
18
<PAGE>
INCOME VERIFICATION
CF MORTGAGE 's underwriting guidelines recognize four means of establishing
income.
o Full documentation uses written third party verifications or alternative
information sources, in addition to borrower-supplied information.
o 24 month bank statements uses the preceding 24 months of the borrower's
bank statements.
o NIQ (for self-employed borrowers only) uses the income declared on the
borrower's loan application plus support from any two of the borrower's
business license, accountant's letter verifying income reported for tax
purposes and six months of the borrower's bank statements.
o Application only accepts the income information supplied by the prospective
borrower without independent verification.
REFINANCINGS
CF MORTGAGE does not require income verification for its current homeowners
seeking to refinance their mortgage loans if the refinancing meets its minimum
seasoning, credit history and credit score requirements.
APPRAISALS
The originators require the value of the mortgaged property, together with any
other collateral, to support the principal balance of the mortgage loan (taking
into account any senior mortgage), with enough excess value to protect against
minor declines in real estate values.
Each originator requires an appraisal of each property proposed to be
financed. The appraisal is conducted by an independent fee appraiser. The
appraiser personally visits the property and estimates its market value on the
basis of comparable properties.
The independent appraisers do not receive any compensation dependent upon
either the amount of the loan or its consummation. In normal practice, the
originator's judgment of the appraisal determines the maximum amount of the
mortgage loan.
Where a mortgage loan is refinanced, a current appraisal of the property may
be omitted if the principal balance of the mortgage loan is only increased by an
amount that is used to pay off junior liens on the property plus the homeowner's
out-of-pocket costs for the refinancing. A current appraisal may also be omitted
for modification of the interest rate on an existing mortgage loan entered into
as an alternative to refinancing.
LIEN RECORDS; TITLE INSURANCE; HAZARD AND FLOOD INSURANCE
Each originator obtains at origination a search of the recorded liens on the
property being financed. Title insurance, or a title insurance commitment, is
required for all mortgage loans.
Borrowers are required to secure homeowners insurance and, depending on the
location of the property, flood insurance, as described above under "Insurance
and other credit support".
LOAN PRODUCTS
CF MORTGAGE 's underwriting guidelines use credit grade categories to predict
the likelihood that the borrower will satisfy the repayments obligations of his
or her loan. These categories establish the maximum loan-to-value ratio,
debt-to-income ratio and loan amount, based on the borrower's credit history,
the purpose of the loan, the type of property, whether the borrower is salaried
or self-employed and other factors. A summary of these credit grade categories,
and the major differing criteria among the categories, is set forth on Exhibit A
to this prospectus.
SERVICING
THE SERVICER; DELEGATION
CF MORTGAGE, as servicer, will be responsible for administering and servicing
the mortgage loans. It uses Fannie Mae servicing standards as a general
guideline for its mortgage loan servicing activities.
CF MORTGAGE may delegate or subcontract servicing duties to affiliated or
non-affiliated qualified corporations. CF MORTGAGE will in all cases remain
ultimately responsible for servicing the mortgage loans. References to the
servicer and to actions taken by the servicer in this prospectus will refer to
CF MORTGAGE, acting by itself or through delegated or subcontracted
subservicers.
RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL
CF MORTGAGE may only resign as servicer if
19
<PAGE>
o it receives a legal opinion that remaining as servicer would be illegal or
o the Trustee and 2/3 of the registered holders of Certificates (by principal
balance) and any credit enhancer consent to the resignation. A resignation will
become effective when the Trustee or a successor servicer assumes CF MORTGAGE's
servicing obligations.
The Trustee may remove CF MORTGAGE as servicer only upon a servicer event of
default, as described below under "Default by CF MORTGAGE ".
COLLECTION PROCEDURES FOR MORTGAGE LOANS
CF MORTGAGE will make reasonable efforts to collect all payments due on the
mortgage loans, following collection procedures it believes advisable. It will
deposit all amounts received from homeowners, net of permitted reimbursements,
within one business day after receipt into an account in the Trustee's name at
an approved depositary institution. CF MORTGAGE may
o waive any prepayment or similar servicing-related charge and
o arrange with a homeowner for a modification, waiver or amendment of the
terms of a loan if the homeowner is, or is about to be, in default and CF
MORTGAGE believes the action taken is likely to reduce the loss that would
otherwise be experienced on that loan.
ENFORCEMENT OF DUE-ON-SALE CLAUSES
If a homeowner transfers a mortgaged property to a new homeowner, and the
mortgage loan includes a due-on-sale clause, CF MORTGAGE will usually accelerate
the maturity of the mortgage loan. If CF MORTGAGE believes it will not be able
to enforce the due-on-sale clause, and if any primary mortgage insurance
coverage will not be affected, CF MORTGAGE will enter into an assumption
agreement with the new homeowner making him or her liable under the mortgage
loan. The original homeowner will also, if local law permits, remain secondarily
liable under the agreement. No material term of the mortgage loan (such as the
interest rate, principal amount, maturity or monthly payment) will be changed
under an assumption agreement. CF MORTGAGE will retain as additional servicing
compensation any fees it receives for entering into an assumption agreement.
REAL ESTATE TAXES AND ASSESSMENTS
CF MORTGAGE will deposit all homeowner payments of taxes, assessments or
comparable items in a special servicing account. CF MORTGAGE will use the
servicing account only to pay taxes, assessments and comparable items on the
mortgaged properties, to reimburse itself for any costs incurred in paying taxes
and assessments or for otherwise preserving or protecting the value of the
mortgages, to refund to the homeowner any overages, and to pay any required
interest to homeowners on balances in the servicing account.
PRIMARY MORTGAGE AND FLOOD INSURANCE
The mortgage loans will generally not be covered by primary mortgage insurance.
For those loans that do have such insurance, CF MORTGAGE will present claims and
take reasonable steps to recover on defaulted mortgage loans under any primary
mortgage insurance policy.
CF MORTGAGE will pay premiums for any primary mortgage insurance and any
flood insurance on a timely basis if the homeowner does not make the payments,
and will be reimbursed by the Trust for such payments.
REALIZING ON DEFAULTED MORTGAGE LOANS
Regardless of whether recovery under primary mortgage insurance or other credit
support is available, CF MORTGAGE will follow those normal practices and
procedures it believes advisable to realize on a defaulted mortgage loan.
However, CF MORTGAGE need not spend its own money to foreclose on a loan or to
restore a damaged property unless it decides that the expenditure will increase
the net proceeds of liquidation, after reimbursement for the expenditure.
Certificate holders will realize a loss to the extent that
o liquidation proceeds and payments under credit support for a mortgaged
property are less than
o the principal balance and accrued interest on the mortgage loan plus CF
MORTGAGE's unreimbursed expenses and advances.
If a mortgage loan goes into default, to avoid draws under credit support CF
MORTGAGE may make advances or repurchase the loan on behalf of the credit
support provider. Any net loss on the loan will diminish the credit support (if
the credit support is limited in dollar amount), and any excess will be retained
by CF MORTGAGE.
20
<PAGE>
Credit support providers do not have to cover mortgage losses or
delinquencies if the remaining obligation under the credit support is less than
the amount of such losses or delinquencies.
If CF MORTGAGE does not foreclose on a defaulted mortgage loan, it may accept
less than the principal balance and accrued interest of the mortgage loan on a
sale or a retention by the homeowner of the mortgaged property. If CF MORTGAGE
does foreclose on a defaulted mortgage loan, it may sell the property, negotiate
with the homeowner for a deed in lieu of foreclosure or, if a deficiency
judgment is available, foreclose on the property and pursue a deficiency against
the homeowner. CF MORTGAGE does not have to pursue a deficiency judgment on a
mortgage loan, even if legally permitted.
As an alternative to foreclosure, the servicer may enter into a modification,
waiver or amendment to the provisions of a mortgage loan that is, or is about to
become, in default. However, the servicer will take such action only if it
believes that the action will minimize the loss that would otherwise be
experienced on the loan, and only if the maturity of the loan is not extended
beyond the latest expected final payment date of any class of the Series.
FEES
The Trust will pay CF MORTGAGE a servicing fee that is generally a fixed annual
percentage of the principal balance of each mortgage loan. Alternatively, the
servicing fee may be based on the excess of the mortgage interest rate over a
specified rate. CF MORTGAGE may also receive additional fees in connection with
servicing or taking certain specified actions with respect to delinquent or
defaulted loans. In addition, CF MORTGAGE will keep all prepayment and late
payment charges, assumption fees and similar charges as additional servicing
compensation.
CF MORTGAGE will pay any subservicer's fees and independent accountants' fees
and expenses.
CF MORTGAGE will be reimbursed for expenses which in its judgment were
necessary in liquidating a defaulted mortgage loan (including expenditures for
the preservation, protection or restoration of the mortgaged property, as well
as legal fees, real estate taxes, appraisal costs, etc.) out of payments by the
homeowner, credit support or from foreclosure proceedings before those payments
are distributed to Certificate holders. In the liquidation of a second mortgage,
CF MORTGAGE will be reimbursed for any amounts expended to satisfy senior liens
on the mortgaged property. CF MORTGAGE may retain these reimbursements even if
the remaining funds are inadequate to distribute to Certificate holders the full
principal balance and accrued interest on the mortgage loan.
CF MORTGAGE'S LIABILITY
CF MORTGAGE, as servicer, will not be liable to Certificate holders except for
its willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its
servicing duties.
Default by CF MORTGAGE
EVENTS OF DEFAULT
The following are servicing events of default:
o CF MORTGAGE, if it is the paying agent, fails to distribute to the
registered Certificate holders the full amount of a required distribution or, if
it is not the paying agent, fails to pay over to the paying agent for
distribution to the registered Certificate holders the full amount of a required
distribution, and does not remedy its failure (1) within 10 business days of
receiving notice of the failure if the failure was due to an error in
calculating the required payment or distribution or (2) within three business
days of receiving notice of the failure if the failure was due to any other
cause.
o CF MORTGAGE fails to (1) repurchase a mortgage loan as required or (2)
observe or perform any other obligation that materially affects the rights of
Certificate holders, and does not remedy the failure for 60 days after either
the Trustee notifies CF MORTGAGE, or the registered holders of 2/3 of the
principal balance of the Certificates notify CF MORTGAGE and the Trustee, of the
failure.
o Certain events indicate CF MORTGAGE's insolvency, reorganization or
inability to pay its obligations.
ACTIONS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT
As long as an event of default remains unremedied, the Trustee or the registered
holders of 2/3 of the principal balance of the Certificates may have the Trustee
take over CF MORTGAGE's responsibilities, duties and liabilities under similar
compensation arrangements. CF MORTGAGE will be paid for its prior services
notwithstanding the termination of its activities as servicer.
21
<PAGE>
Termination of CF MORTGAGE as servicer will not affect the obligations of any
credit support provider.
If the Trustee is unwilling or unable to act as servicer, it may appoint, or
ask a court to appoint, a housing and home finance institution with a net worth
of at least $5 million to be a successor servicer for a servicing compensation
no greater than CF MORTGAGE's servicing compensation.
THE TRUSTEE
The Trustee is named in the supplement. The Trustee may appoint agents
(including CF MORTGAGE and its affiliates) to perform any of its
responsibilities, but the Trustee will continue to be responsible for its duties
and obligations.
To meet legal requirements of certain local jurisdictions, CF MORTGAGE and
the Trustee may jointly appoint co-trustees or separate trustees for some or all
of the mortgage loans. Each separate trustee or co-trustee will have all of the
Trustee's rights and obligations, which they will exercise solely at the
Trustee's direction.
The Trustee may have normal banking relationships with CF MORTGAGE or any
originator, or any of their affiliates.
The Trustee may resign at any time. The Trustee may be removed at any time by
the registered holders of 50% of the principal balance of the Certificates and
50% of the residual Certificates. The Trustee may also be removed by CFMSI if
o the Trustee ceases to be eligible to serve as Trustee under the pooling
agreement,
o the Trustee is insolvent,
o the Trustee breaches a duty that materially and adversely affects the
Certificate holders, or
o through the Trustee's performance or non-performance of certain actions, or
because of a downgrade of the Trustee's credit rating, the rating assigned
to the Certificates would be lowered.
If the Trustee resigns or is removed, the resignation or removal will not be
effective until CFMSI appoints a successor Trustee.
THE TRUSTEE'S DUTIES; LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
If no event of default has occurred, the Trustee need only perform those duties
specifically required of it under the pooling agreement. However, the Trustee
must examine the various certificates, reports or other instruments required to
be furnished to it to determine if they conform to the requirements of the
pooling agreement.
The Trustee is not responsible for CF MORTGAGE's deposit to or withdrawal
from the Trust of any funds, the validity or sufficiency of the pooling
agreement, the Certificates or any mortgage loan or related document, and is not
accountable for the use or application by CF MORTGAGE of funds paid to it on the
mortgage loans.
The Trustee will not be liable for any losses incurred as a result of the
Trust's failure to qualify as a REMIC, termination of its REMIC status or any
"prohibited transaction" for a REMIC, unless the losses were caused by the
Trustee's negligence, bad faith or failure to perform its duties.
THE POOLING AGREEMENT
The Certificates of each Series are governed by a separate pooling and servicing
agreement (the pooling agreement) among CFMSI, CF MORTGAGE and the Trustee,
which provides for the transfer of the mortgage loans to the Trust, the issuance
of the Certificates, the repurchase or substitution of defective mortgage loans,
the collection of payments on the mortgage loans and other servicing activities,
the distributions to the Certificate holders, and otherwise sets forth the
specific rights and obligations of CF MORTGAGE, CFMSI and the Trustee. The
pooling agreement is governed by New York law.
The Certificates are complex instruments, and the pooling agreement is a
lengthy and complex document. The prospectus discusses only those aspects of the
Certificates and the pooling agreement that CFMSI believes are likely to be
material to purchasers of Certificates. You should read the provisions of the
pooling agreement that may be important to you. The Trustee will send a copy of
the pooling agreement (without exhibits) to you upon your written request.
The pooling agreement also contains the following provisions:
22
<PAGE>
LEGAL ACTION BY CF MORTGAGE AND CFMSI
Neither CF MORTGAGE nor CFMSI will have to appear in, prosecute or defend any
legal action that is not incidental to CF MORTGAGE's servicing responsibilities
and that it believes may cause it expense or liability. CF MORTGAGE or CFMSI
may, however, take any legal action it believes desirable to enforce the pooling
agreement or to protect its own rights or the rights of the Trustee or the
Certificate holders under the pooling agreement. The Trust will pay, or
reimburse CF MORTGAGE and CFMSI for, the expenses of the action and any
resulting liability out of Trust assets.
LEGAL ACTION BY CERTIFICATE HOLDERS
A registered Certificate holder can not institute a legal proceeding to
enforce the pooling agreement unless
o the holder gives CFMSI and the Trustee written notice of the holder's
intent to institute proceedings and
o the registered holders of 2/3 of the principal balances of the Certificates
request the Trustee in writing to institute the proceeding and offer the
Trustee reasonable indemnity, and the Trustee for 60 days neglects or
refuses to institute proceedings.
The Trustee is not required to exercise its powers, investigate matters arising,
or institute, conduct or defend a litigation under the pooling agreement at a
registered Certificate holder's request unless the holder offers the Trustee
reasonable security or indemnity against expenses and liabilities.
LIABILITY OF CFMSI AND CF MORTGAGE; INDEMNIFICATION
Neither CF MORTGAGE nor CFMSI nor any of their directors, officers, employees or
agents, will be liable to the Trust or the Certificate holders for taking or not
taking any action, or for their errors in judgment, except for liability caused
by their willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance
of their duties, or reckless disregard of their obligations and duties, under
the pooling agreement.
The Trust will indemnify CF MORTGAGE and CFMSI and their directors, officers,
employees or agents, out of Trust assets against any loss, liability or expense
they incur in connection with any legal proceedings, other than loss, liability
or expense caused by their willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in
the performance of their duties, or reckless disregard of their obligations,
under the pooling agreement.
AMENDMENTS
CF MORTGAGE, CFMSI, the issuers of any credit support and the Trustee may
together amend the pooling agreement and any credit support without the
registered Certificate holders' consent
o to cure ambiguities and errors,
o to resolve inconsistencies,
o to make other changes consistent with the pooling agreement or credit
support, including replacing the credit support in whole or part by other forms
of credit support described in this prospectus,
o to comply with federal tax law, including amendments to maintain the Trust
as a REMIC, or to establish a "qualified reserve fund" for a REMIC.
CF MORTGAGE, CFMSI, the issuers of any credit support and the Trustee may
also amend the pooling agreement and any credit support without registered
Certificate holder consent if CFMSI delivers an opinion of counsel acceptable to
the Trustee that the amendment will not materially adversely affect the
Certificate holders. In lieu of a legal opinion, CFMSI may deliver confirmation
from each rating agency that the amendment will not cause a reduction in the
current rating of any affected class.
CF MORTGAGE, CFMSI and the Trustee may also amend the pooling agreement and
any form of credit support in any respect with the consent of the registered
holders of 2/3 of the principal balances of the Certificates affected by the
amendment, except that
o the amendment may not (1) decrease or delay the collections on
mortgage loans or the distributions to a registered Certificate holder without
the holder's consent or (2) reduce the percentage of principal balances of
Certificates whose registered holders must consent to an amendment, without the
consent of the registered holders of all Certificates of each affected class,
and
o if the amendment affects any class of Certificates differently in any
material respect than the other classes, the registered holders of 2/3 of the
principal balances of the Certificates in the differently affected class must
consent to the amendment.
For purposes of granting or withholding consent, if a class of
Certificates is divided into subclasses, a subclass will not be considered a
separate "affected class". Accordingly, where consent of the registered holders
of 2/3 of the principal balances of the Certificates of a differently affected
class is required, this means the consent of the registered holders of the
entire class, without regard to subclasses. Thus, if a class is divided
23
<PAGE>
into subclasses, the consent of the registered holders of 2/3 of the principal
balances of Certificates of a single subclass will not be sufficient in itself
for any consent, nor will the withholding of consent by the registered holders
of more than 1/3 of the principal balance of the Certificates of one subclass be
sufficient in itself to deny any consent.
COMPLIANCE REPORTS
A firm of independent public accountants selected by CF MORTGAGE will provide a
compliance report to the Trustee by April 30 of each year on the servicing of
the mortgage loans, beginning in the calendar year following the year in which
the Series of Certificates were issued. Concurrently, an officer of CF mortgage
will deliver a certificate to the Trustee and to any registered holder of more
than 50% of the Series stating that CF MORTGAGE has fulfilled its servicing
obligations throughout the preceding calendar year or describing each default in
the performance of these obligations.
Certificate holders may obtain copies of these reports or certificates by
written request to the Trustee.
LIST OF REGISTERED HOLDERS
Unless the Trustee is also the certificate registrar, CF MORTGAGE will provide
the Trustee within 15 days after receipt of the Trustee's written request the
names and addresses of all registered Certificate holders as of the most recent
record date. Upon written request of three or more registered Certificate
holders, for purposes of communicating with other registered Certificate holders
about their rights under the pooling agreement, the Trustee will give the
requesting Certificate holders access during business hours to the most recent
list of registered Certificate holders held by the Trustee. If the list is more
than 90 days old on the date of the request, the Trustee will promptly request a
current list from CF MORTGAGE and will give the requesting Certificate holders
access to the new list promptly after receipt.
NO ANNUAL MEETING
There will not be any annual or other meetings of Certificate holders.
SUCCESSORS
A corporation or other entity
o that is a successor to CF MORTGAGE due to a merger or consolidation, or
that otherwise succeeds to the business of CF MORTGAGE, or
o any entity that is more than 50% owned, directly or indirectly, by Citicorp
that assumes CF MORTGAGE's obligations,
will be CF MORTGAGE's successor under the pooling agreement.
TERMINATION OF TRUST
The Trust will terminate upon the distribution to the registered Certificate
holders of all amounts required to be distributed to them. The Trust can not,
however, continue for more than 21 years after the death of the last survivor of
the descendants of a certain person specified in the pooling agreement living at
the date of the pooling agreement.
The Trustee will notify each registered Certificate holder in writing in
advance of the termination of the Trust. Registered holders must surrender their
Certificates in order to receive their final distribution. Interest will not
accrue on the Certificates after the date specified in the notice for return of
the Certificates.
BOOK-ENTRY AND PHYSICAL CERTIFICATES
BOOK-ENTRY CERTIFICATES
Most classes of Certificates offered to the public will be book-entry
certificates. That is, one or more "global" Certificates for each of these
classes will be registered in the name of The Depository Trust Company, a
securities depository, or its nominee (together, DTC). DTC will thus be the only
registered holder of these Certificates. If you purchase a book-entry
Certificate, you will be a beneficial owner of the Certificate, and as such will
not be able to obtain physical (paper) certificates evidencing your ownership of
your Certificates.
Purchasers of book-entry Certificates will hold their certificates
indirectly through securities intermediaries - banks, brokerage houses and other
institutions that maintain securities accounts for their customers. DTC will
maintain accounts showing the Certificate holdings of its participants (all of
whom will be securities intermediaries, and may include the underwriters), and
these securities intermediaries will in turn maintain accounts showing the
Certificate holdings of their customers (some of whom may themselves be
securities intermedi-
24
<PAGE>
aries holding certificates for their customers). Thus, each
purchaser of a book-entry Certificate will hold that Certificate through a
hierarchy of intermediaries, with DTC at the "top" and the purchaser's own
securities intermediary at the "bottom." The book-entry system for holding
certificates through accounts with a hierarchy of securities intermediaries with
a securities depository at the top is the system through which most publicly
traded securities are held in the United States.
Purchasers of book-entry Certificates should realize that, unless otherwise
stated in this prospectus, the Trust will
o make all payments on their Certificates to DTC,
o send all reports and notices required to be sent to book-entry Certificate
holders solely to DTC, and
o accept notices and directions solely from the registered holder, which for
book-entry Certificates will mean DTC.
However, DTC and other securities intermediaries are generally required by
law and their own internal procedures to
o pass through to their customers the economic benefit of ownership of the
Certificates, such as payments from the Trust, and
o exercise the rights that come from holding Certificates as a representative
of their customers.
Owners of book-entry Certificates may find it more difficult to pledge their
Certificates because of the lack of a physical certificate, and may experience
delays in receiving payments on their Certificates, since payments will be
initially made to DTC and must then travel down the hierarchy of intermediaries
to the Certificate owner's own account with its securities intermediary.
European purchasers of Certificates can hold interests in the Certificates
only through Clearstream Banking, societe anonyme (Clearstream) or through
Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York, Brussels Office, as operator of the
Euroclear System (Euroclear), if they are participants in such systems or
indirectly through organizations that are participants in such systems.
Because Clearstream and Euroclear are not DTC participants, Clearstream and
Euroclear will hold positions through US securities intermediaries that will in
turn hold positions on DTC's books. Citibank will act as securities intermediary
for Clearstream, and The Chase Manhattan Bank will act as securities
intermediary for Euroclear. Neither the Trustee, CF MORTGAGE nor CFMSI will be
responsible, or liable to Certificate owners, for any action or failure to act
of a securities depository or securities intermediary, including any action or
inaction involving a securities depository's or securities intermediary's
o payments to its participants or customers,
o transmission of notices, directions (including directions as to voting
certificates) and other communications to or from Certificate owners, or
o record keeping.
Nor will the Trustee, CF MORTGAGE or CFMSI have any obligation to certificate
owners to monitor, supervise or review any actions or procedures of a securities
depository or securities intermediary.
THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY
DTC is a limited purpose trust company organized under the laws of New York
State, a member of the Federal Reserve System, a "clearing corporation" under
the New York Uniform Commercial Code and a "clearing agency" registered under
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. DTC holds securities deposited by its
participants and facilitates the settlement of securities transactions among its
participants through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the
participants, thus eliminating the need for physical movement of securities
certificates. DTC is owned by a number of its participants and by the New York
Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange and the National Association of
Securities Dealers (the NASD). The rules applicable to DTC and its participants
are on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
CLEARSTREAM
Clearstream is registered as a bank in Luxembourg and is regulated by the
Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier, which supervises Luxembourg
banks. Clearstream holds securities for its customers and facilitates the
clearance and settlement of securities transactions by electronic book-entry
transfers between their accounts. Clearstream provides various services,
including safekeeping, administration, clearance and settlement of
internationally traded securities and securities lending and borrowing.
Clearstream also deals with domestic securities markets in over 30 countries
through established depository and custodial relationships. Clearstream has
established an electronic bridge with Euroclear in Brussels to facilitate
settlement of trades between Clearstream and Euroclear.
Clearstream's customers are worldwide financial institutions, including
underwriters, securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies and
clearing corporations. Clearstream's US customers are limited to securities
brokers and dealers and banks, and may include the un-
25
<PAGE>
derwriters. Indirect access to Clearstream is available to other institutions
that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with an account holder
of Clearstream or Euroclear.
EUROCLEAR
Euroclear was created in 1968 to hold securities for participants of Euroclear
and to clear and settle transactions between Euroclear participants through
simultaneous electronic book-entry delivery against payment. This system
eliminates the need for physical movement of certificates and any risk from lack
of simultaneous transfers of securities and cash. Euroclear includes various
other services, including securities lending and borrowing, and interfaces with
domestic markets in several countries. Euroclear is operated by the Brussels,
Belgium office of Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York, under contract with
Euro-clear Clearance Systems S.C., a Belgian cooperative corporation. Morgan
Guaranty - Brussels conducts all operations. All Euroclear securities clearance
accounts and Euroclear cash accounts are accounts with Morgan Guaranty -
Brussels. Euro-clear Clearance Systems establishes policy for Euroclear on
behalf of Euroclear participants. Euroclear participants include banks
(including central banks), securities brokers and dealers and other professional
financial intermediaries, and may include the underwriters. Indirect access to
Euroclear is also available to other firms that clear through or maintain a
custodial relationship with a Euroclear participant, either directly or
indirectly.
Morgan Guaranty - Brussels is the Belgian branch of a New York banking
corporation that is a member bank of the Federal Reserve System. As such, it is
regulated and examined by the Federal Reserve Board and the New York State
Banking Department, as well as the Belgian Banking Commission.
Securities clearance accounts and cash accounts with Morgan Guaranty -
Brussels are governed by the Terms and Conditions Governing Use of Euroclear and
the related Operating Procedures of the Euroclear System, and applicable Belgian
law. Euroclear's rules govern transfers of securities and cash within Euroclear,
withdrawals of securities and cash from Euroclear, and receipts of payments with
respect to securities in Euroclear. All securities in Euroclear are held on a
fungible basis without attribution of specific certificates to specific
securities clearance accounts. Morgan Guaranty - Brussels acts under Euroclear's
rules only on behalf of Euroclear participants, and has no record of or
relationship with persons holding through Euroclear participants.
The preceding information about DTC, Clearstream and Euroclear has been
provided by each of them for informational purposes only and is not intended to
serve as a representation, warranty or contract modification of any kind.
PHYSICAL CERTIFICATES
Physical Certificates will be transferable and exchangeable at the offices of
the Trustee. No service charge will be imposed for any registration of transfer
or exchange, but the Trustee may require a payment sufficient to cover any tax
or other governmental charge incurred.
Beneficial owners of book-entry Certificates will receive physical
Certificates representing their ownership interests only if
o CFMSI advises the Trustee in writing that DTC is no longer willing or able
to discharge properly its responsibilities as depository for the book-entry
Certificates and CF MORTGAGE is unable to locate a qualified successor,
o CFMSI, at its option, elects to terminate the book-entry system, or
o after CF MORTGAGE's resignation or removal as servicer under the pooling
agreement, beneficial owners of at least 51% of each outstanding class of
book-entry Certificates advise the Trustee, through the securities
depository, in writing that continuation of the book-entry system is no
longer in the beneficial owners' best interest.
The Trustee will notify all beneficial owners, through DTC, of the availability
of physical Certificates.
ERISA CONSIDERATIONS
The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) prohibits some
transactions between those employee benefit plans to which it applies (ERISA
plans) and persons who have specified relationships to the ERISA plan. (For
purposes of this discussion, an individual retirement account established under
the Internal Revenue Code (an IRA) will be an ERISA plan.)
26
<PAGE>
"PLAN ASSET" REGULATIONS
If an ERISA plan purchases Certificates, the underlying assets of the Trust -
for example, mortgage loans - might be considered assets of the ERISA plan, or
"plan assets." As a consequence, the plan's fiduciary might be considered to
have delegated asset management responsibility to the Trustee or the servicer.
In such circumstances, some operation of the Trust might be considered
prohibited transactions under ERISA.
ERISA does not define "plan assets." However, regulations under ERISA state
conditions under which an ERISA plan, in acquiring an "equity interest" in an
entity (e.g., a Certificate in a Trust) would be considered to acquire the
underlying assets of the entity (such as the mortgage loans). These underlying
assets would therefore become "plan assets." Because of the factual nature of
the regulations, CFMSI cannot predict whether the Trust's assets would be "plan
assets." For example, the regulations state that the underlying assets of an
entity are not "plan assets" as long as less than 25% of the value of each class
of equity interest is held by ERISA plans and employee benefit plans not subject
to ERISA.
CLASS EXEMPTION
U.S. Department of Labor Prohibited Transaction Class Exemption 83-1 for certain
transactions involving mortgage pool investment trusts (PTE 83-1) exempts the
acquisition and holding of certain residential mortgage pool pass-through
interests by ERISA plans from ERISA's prohibited transaction provisions. PTE
83-1 sets forth "general conditions" and "specific conditions" to its
applicability. CFMSI believes that the general conditions would be met for the
purchase and holding of senior classes of Certificates in a Trust that holds
mortgage loans. PTE 83-1 might not apply, however, to the purchase and holding
of
o senior classes of Certificates of a PO or IO class,
o subordinated classes of Certificates or
o residual Certificates.
Accordingly, CFMSI and CF MORTGAGE will not permit the registration of a
transfer of a Certificate of a subordinated or residual class unless the
transferee
o executes a representation letter satisfactory to the Trustee stating
that (1) it is not, and is not acting on behalf of an ERISA plan or using an
ERISA plan's assets to effect the purchase or (2) if it is an insurance company,
the source of funds used to purchase subordinated Certificates is an "insurance
company general account" (as defined in Prohibited Transaction Class Exemption
95-60 ("PTE 95-60")), and there is no ERISA plan for which the general account's
reserves and liabilities for the contract(s) held by or on behalf of the plan
and all other ERISA plans maintained by the same employer (or an affiliate as
defined in PTE 95-60) or by the same employee organization, exceed 10% of the
total of all reserves and liabilities of the general account (as determined
under PTE 95-60) at the date of acquisition or
o delivers (1) an opinion of counsel satisfactory to the Trustee and CF
MORTGAGE that the purchase or holding of the Certificate by or on behalf of the
plan will not result in the assets of the Trust being deemed to be "plan assets"
and subject to the prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA and the Internal
Revenue Code or any similar law and will not subject CF MORTGAGE or the Trustee
to any obligation in addition to those undertaken in the pooling agreement and
(2) such other opinions of counsel, officers' certificates and agreements as the
Trustee and CF MORTGAGE may require in connection with the transfer.
UNDERWRITERS' EXEMPTIONS
Most underwriters of mortgage-backed securities have obtained ERISA prohibited
transaction exemptions that are in some respects broader than PTE 83-1. These
exemptions only apply to mortgage-backed securities that are sold in offerings
for which the underwriter is the sole or a managing underwriter, or a selling or
placement agent. The supplement describes any such exemption.
OTHER PROHIBITIONS
An ERISA plan may not purchase Certificates with assets of the ERISA plan if an
affiliate of CFMSI (such as Citibank, N.A. or Salomon Smith Barney Inc.), any
underwriter or the Trustee
o has discretion to invest such assets, or
o has authority or responsibility to give, or regularly gives,
investment advice for such assets for a fee and pursuant to an agreement or
understanding that the advice will serve as a primary basis for investment
decisions for the assets and that such advice will be based on the particular
investment needs of the ERISA plan, or
o is an employer maintaining or contributing to the ERISA plan.
By agreeing to acquire a Certificate for an ERISA plan, an ERISA plan fiduciary
represents and warrants to the underwriter and to CFMSI that the assets of the
ERISA plan
27
<PAGE>
used in the purchase are not come described in the preceding sentence.
INVESTOR RESPONSIBILITY
Due to the complexity of the ERISA rules and the severity of the penalties
imposed upon persons involved in prohibited transactions, it is important that
potential ERISA plan investors consult with their counsel regarding the
consequences under ERISA of their acquisition and ownership of Certificates.
Employee benefit plans that are not subject to ERISA may be subject to
similar federal, state or local laws. Fiduciaries of such plans should make
their own determinations of the need for and availability of exemptive relief
under any such laws.
LEGAL INVESTMENT CONSIDERATIONS
SMMEA
If the Trust contains only first priority mortgage loans, then the senior
classes of Certificates will generally be, and the subordinated classes of
Certificates and the residual Certificates may be, "mortgage related securities"
under the Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act of 1984, as amended (SMMEA).
If, however, a pool of mortgage loans underlying certain Certificates contains
any loans secured by junior liens, then none of such Certificates will be
mortgage related securities under SMMEA. The supplement states whether any
classes of Certificates are mortgage related securities.
Mortgage related securities under SMMEA are legal investments for an entity
created or existing under state or federal law whose authorized investments are
subject to state regulation to the same extent that obligations issued or
guaranteed by the United States or any of its agencies or instrumentalities are
legal investments for the entity.
A Certificate will be a SMMEA mortgage related security so long as
o it is rated in one of the two highest rating categories by at least
one nationally recognized statistical rating organization and
o it is part of a Series of Certificates in a Trust consisting of first
priority mortgage loans originated by the types of originators specified in
SMMEA.
The supplement will specify whether any Certificates of a Series will be
SMMEA mortgage elated securities.
STATE OVERRIDES OF SMMEA
SMMEA permitted states that acted before October 3, 1991 to override some of its
provisions. A number of states have overridden parts of SMMEA and limited the
ability of some entities (in particular, insurance companies) to invest in
"mortgage related securities," usually by requiring the investors to rely solely
upon existing state law rather than SMMEA. Investors governed by the laws of
these states may be limited in their ability to invest in Certificates.
FEDERAL DEPOSITORY INSTITUTIONS
SMMEA also permits
o federal savings and loan associations and federal savings banks to invest
in, sell or otherwise deal in mortgage related securities without limit,
o federal credit unions to invest in mortgage related securities, and
o national banks to purchase mortgage related securities for their own
account without regard to the limitations generally applicable to
investment securities,
subject in each case to regulations of their federal regulators.
In this connection,
o the Comptroller of the Currency has authorized national banks to
purchase and sell mortgage related securities for their own account, without
limitation as to a percentage of the bank's capital and surplus (but subject to
compliance with general standards of "safety and soundness" and retention of
credit information),
o the National Credit Union Administration has authorized federal credit
unions to invest in mortgage related securities (other than stripped mortgage
related securities, residual interests in mortgage related securities and
commercial mortgage related securities) under limited circumstances, and
o the Office of Thrift Supervision has issued guidelines for thrift
institutions to follow in managing interest rate risk in purchasing investment
securities.
INVESTOR RESPONSIBILITY
Depository institutions considering an investment in the Certificates should
also review the "Supervisory Policy Statement on Investment Securities and
End-User Derivatives Activities" of the Federal Financial
28
<PAGE>
Institutions Examination Council, which has been adopted by the Federal Reserve
Board, the FDIC, the Comptroller of the Currency, the Office of Thrift
Supervision and the National Credit Union Administration. The policy statement
sets forth guidelines that depository institutions must follow in managing risks
(including market, credit, liquidity, operational (transaction), and legal
risks) applicable to all securities (including mortgage pass-through securities
and mortgage-derivative products) used for investment purposes.
Institutions whose investment activities are subject to regulation by federal
or state authorities should review rules, policies and guidelines of these
authorities before purchasing any Certificates, as some Certificates (in
particular, Certificates that are entitled solely or disproportionately to
distributions of principal or interest) may be considered unsuitable
investments, or may otherwise be restricted, under such rules, policies or
guidelines (in some instances irrespective of SMMEA).
The foregoing does not consider the applicability of statutes, rules,
regulations, orders, guidelines or agreements generally governing investments
made by particular investors, including "prudent investor" provisions,
percentage-of-assets limits and provisions that restrict or prohibit investment
in securities that are not "interest-bearing" or "income-paying" or are issued
in book-entry form.
Except for the status of some Certificates as "mortgage related securities,"
no representation is made as to the proper characterization of any Certificates
for legal investment purposes, financial institution regulatory purposes, or
other purposes, or as to the ability of particular investors to purchase
Certificates under legal investment restrictions. The uncertainties described
above (and any unfavorable future determinations concerning legal investment or
financial institution regulatory characteristics of the Certificates) may
adversely affect the liquidity of the Certificates.
Accordingly, investors whose investment activities are subject to legal
investment laws and regulations, regulatory capital requirements or review by
regulatory authorities should consult with their own legal advisors in
determining whether and to what extent the Certificates of any class will be
legal investments or be subject to investment, capital or other restrictions,
and whether SMMEA has been overridden in any jurisdiction relevant to the
investor.
TAXATION OF CERTIFICATE HOLDERS
The following taxation sections discuss in general terms the anticipated
material federal income tax consequences to Certificate holders of the purchase,
ownership and disposition of Certificates representing regular interests in the
REMIC. The Trust will consist of one or more REMICs. The discussion does not
address all federal income tax consequences that may be applicable to particular
categories of investors, some of whom may be subject to special rules. Moreover,
the discussion is based on statutes, regulations and other authorities that are
subject to change or differing interpretations, and any change or interpretation
could apply retroactively. INVESTORS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS IN
DETERMINING THE FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF THE
PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF CERTIFICATES. In this tax discussion,
references to the "Certificate holder" or "holder" generally mean the beneficial
owner of a Certificate. Unless otherwise stated, all section references are to
the Internal Revenue Code.
TAXATION OF CERTIFICATES - GENERAL
Certificates will generally be taxed as if they were newly originated debt
instruments. In particular, interest, original issue discount (discussed below)
and market discount (discussed below) on a Certificate will be ordinary income
to the holder, and distributions of principal on a Certificate will be a return
of capital to the extent of the holder's basis in the Certificate.
ACCRUAL METHOD
Each Certificate holder must use the accrual method of accounting for
Certificates, regardless of the method of accounting it otherwise uses.
ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT
All accrual Certificates will be issued with original issue discount (or OID),
and others classes of Certificates may be issued with OID. OID for a debt
instrument generally refers to the amount by which the instrument's original
issue price is less than its stated redemption price at maturity.
29
<PAGE>
Holders of Certificates issued with OID must generally include the OID in
ordinary income for federal income tax purposes as it accrues, in accordance
with a constant yield method that takes into account the compounding of
interest. This generally means that a Certificate holder will pay tax on accrued
OID before the holder receives the related cash distribution.
The Internal Revenue Code and implementing regulations for OID (the OID
rules) do not adequately address some issues relevant to securities that, like
the Certificates, may be prepaid. To the extent the OID rules do not address an
issue, CFMSI, in calculating OID, will generally apply the methodology described
in the Conference Committee Report to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 Act (the
Conference Committee Report). Investors should realize, however, that the
Internal Revenue Service (the IRS) may take a different position on the issue.
Moreover, the OID rules include an anti-abuse rule that allows the IRS to depart
from the OID rules to ensure a reasonable tax result.
CFMSI will calculate the accrued OID and will report the OID to registered
holders and beneficial owners of Certificates as described in "- Reporting
requirements" below.
CALCULATION OF OID
A Certificate will generally be treated as a single debt instrument on which
the principal is payable in installments for purposes of determining the OID
includible in a Certificate holder's income. (There is an exception for retail
class Certificates, discussed below.)
Unless the OID is de minimis (described below), a Certificate holder must
generally include in gross income for a taxable year the sum of the "daily
portions" of accrued OID for each day on which it holds the Certificate during
an accrual period, including the date of purchase but excluding the date of
disposition. CFMSI will treat the monthly period ending on the day before each
distribution day as the accrual period.
Determining the daily portions of OID depends on determining (1) the amount
of OID and (2) when principal is payable on the instrument, which together
determine the rate at which OID accrues. As discussed below, principal on the
Certificates is assumed to be paid at the prepayment rate assumed in structuring
the Series.
Amount of OID. The amount of OID on a Certificate is the excess of its
"stated redemption price at maturity" over its "issue price."
The issue price of a Certificates is generally the first price at which a
substantial amount of Certificates of the same class are sold to the public
(excluding bond houses, brokers and underwriters). Although unclear under the
OID rules, CFMSI intends to treat the issue price of Certificates of a class for
which there is no substantial sale as of the issue date or that are retained by
CFMSI as the fair market value of the Certificate on the issue date.
The issue price of a Certificate also includes any amount the initial
Certificate holder pays for accrued interest for a period prior to the issue
date of the Certificate, unless the holder elects on its federal income tax
return to exclude that amount from the issue price and to recover it on the
first distribution day.
The stated redemption price at maturity of a Certificate always includes its
principal balance at the cut-off date. The stated redemption price at maturity
may also include distributions of interest unless the distributions are of
"qualified stated interest." Under the OID rules, qualified stated interest
generally means interest payable at a single fixed rate or at a "qualified
variable rate" (described below), provided that the interest distributions are
unconditionally distributable at intervals of one year or less during the entire
term of the Certificate. Because there is no penalty or default remedy for
nonpayment of interest on a Certificate, it is possible that no interest on any
class of Certificates will be treated as qualified stated interest. However,
except as provided in the next paragraph, because the underlying mortgage loans
provide for remedies in the event of default, CFMSI intends to treat interest on
Certificates as qualified stated interest.
Distributions on the following types of Certificates will not be qualified
stated interest:
o Certificates in an accrual class,
o Certificates for which interest distributions may be deferred and added to
the principal balance, or
o Certificates in an interest-only class or a class on which interest is
substantially disproportionate to its principal amount (a so-called
"super-premium" class)
Accordingly, the stated redemption price at maturity of these Certificates will
include both their initial principal balance and all other distributions on the
Certificates. Also, if the interval between the issue date and the first
distribution day on a Certificate is shorter than the interval between
subsequent distribution days, the interest attributable to the additional days
will be included in the stated redemption price at maturity.
Any deferred interest (as defined in the supplement) that accrues on a class
of Certificates will constitute
30
<PAGE>
income to the holders of those Certificates prior to the receipt of cash
distributions of deferred interest. Under the OID rules, all interest payments
on Certificates that may have deferred interest must be treated as non-qualified
stated interest payments and included in the stated redemption price at maturity
of the Certificates in computing OID.
Rate of accrual. The OID accruing in a full accrual period on a Certificate
is generally the increase in the present value of the Certificate over the
period, adjusted for distributions that are not qualified stated interest. This
amount would be the excess of
o the sum of (1) the "present value of the remaining distributions" to
be made on the Certificate as of the end of that accrual period and (2) the
distributions made on the Certificate during the accrual period that are
included in the Certificate's stated redemption price at maturity, over
o the "adjusted issue price" of the Certificate at the beginning of the
accrual period. For these purposes, the adjusted issue price of a Certificate at
the beginning of an accrual period is its issue price, increased by the
aggregate amount of OID accrued in all prior accrual periods and reduced by any
distributions included in the Certificate's stated redemption price at maturity
that were made in those prior periods.
Based on the Conference Committee Report, the present value of the remaining
distributions is calculated using the original yield to maturity of the
Certificate as the discount rate and the schedule of payments on the Certificate
at the prepayment rate assumed in structuring the Series (which is stated in the
supplement), adjusted for events, including actual prepayments, that occur
before the end of the accrual period.
The OID accruing during an accrual period is then divided by the number of
days in the period to determine the daily portion of OID for each day in the
period. For an initial accrual period that is shorter than a full accrual
period, the daily portions of OID must be determined according to an appropriate
allocation under any reasonable method.
Under the method described above, the daily portions of OID will generally
increase if prepayments on the mortgage loans exceed the prepayment rate assumed
in structuring the Series, and will generally decrease (but not below zero for
any period) if prepayments on the mortgage loans are slower than the assumed
prepayment rate. However, for some classes of Certificates, an increase or
decrease in prepayments on the mortgage loans can result in a change in the
priority of principal payments for that class that could increase or decrease
the daily portions of OID for those Certificates.
DE MINIMIS OID.
OID on a Certificate will be considered to be zero if the OID is less than 0.25%
of the Certificate's stated redemption price at maturity multiplied by the
weighted average maturity of the Certificate. For this purpose, weighted average
maturity is the sum of the amounts determined by multiplying (1) the number of
full years (ie, rounding down partial years) from the issue date until each
scheduled distribution of principal or OID by (2) the ratio of the amount of the
distribution to the total stated redemption price at maturity. The schedule of
distributions should be determined in accordance with the prepayment rate
assumed in structuring the Series.
Certificate holders must generally report de minimis OID pro rata as
distributions of stated redemption price at maturity are received. Such income
will be capital gain if the Certificate is held as a capital asset. However,
Certificates holders may elect to accrue all de minimis OID, as well as market
discount and market premium, under the constant yield method. See "- Election to
treat interest under the constant yield method" below.
OID ON RETAIL CLASS CERTIFICATES
For Certificates on which principal distributions are made in a single
installment upon the request of a Certificate holder or by random lot (retail
class Certificates), CFMSI intends to determine the yield to maturity based on
the anticipated payment characteristics of the class as a whole under the
prepayment rate assumed in structuring the Series. In general, OID accruing on a
retail class Certificate in a full accrual period would be its allocable share
of the OID for the entire class, as determined above. However, if there is a
distribution in reduction of all or part of the principal balance of a retail
class Certificate
o the remaining unaccrued OID allocable to the Certificate (or part) will
accrue at the time of the distribution, and
o the accrual of OID allocable to each remaining Certificate of the
class (or the principal balance of a retail class Certificate after a principal
distribution has been received) will be adjusted by reducing the present value
of the remaining payments on the class and the adjusted issue price of the class
by the principal distributed.
31
<PAGE>
CFMSI believes that this treatment of retail class Certificates is consistent
with the "pro rata prepayment" rules of the OID rules, but with the rate of
accrual of OID determined based on the prepayment rate assumed in structuring
the Series.
ACQUISITION PREMIUM
A purchaser of a Certificate at a price greater than its adjusted issue price
but less than its stated redemption price at maturity will be required to
include in gross income the daily portions of OID on the Certificate, reduced
pro rata by a fraction, the numerator of which is the excess of its purchase
price over the adjusted issue price and the denominator of which is the excess
of the remaining stated redemption price at maturity over the adjusted issue
price. Alternatively, the purchaser may elect to treat the acquisition premium
under the constant yield method, as described in "- Election to treat interest
under the constant yield method" below.
OID ON VARIABLE RATE CERTIFICATES
Certificates may provide for interest based on a variable rate (variable rate
Certificates). Under the OID rules, interest is generally treated as payable at
a variable rate if
o the issue price does not exceed the original principal balance by more than
a specified amount and
o the interest compounds or is payable at least annually at current
values of (1) one or more "qualified floating rates," (2) a single fixed rate
and one or more qualified floating rates, (3) a single "objective rate," or (4)
a single fixed rate and a single objective rate that is a "qualified inverse
floating rate."
A floating rate is a qualified floating rate if variations in the rate can
reasonably be expected to measure contemporaneous variations in the cost of
newly borrowed funds, where the rate is subject to a multiple that is greater
than 0.65 but not greater than 1.35. The rate may also be increased or decreased
by a fixed spread or subject to a fixed cap or floor, or a cap or floor that is
not reasonably expected as of the issue date to affect the yield of the
instrument significantly.
An objective rate is a rate (other than a qualified floating rate) that is
determined using a single fixed formula and that is based on objective financial
or economic information that is not within the control, or unique to the
circumstances, of the issuer or a related party.
A qualified inverse floating rate is a rate equal to a fixed rate minus a
qualified floating rate that inversely reflects contemporaneous variations in
the cost of newly borrowed funds. (An inverse floating rate that is not a
qualified inverse floating rate may nevertheless be an objective rate.)
OID for a Certificate bearing a variable rate of interest will accrue in the
manner described above under "- Original issue discount," with the yield to
maturity and future distributions on the Certificate generally determined by
assuming that interest will be payable for the life of the Certificate based on
its initial rate (or, if different, the value of the applicable variable rate on
the pricing date). CFMSI intends to treat variable interest as qualified stated
interest, other than variable interest on an interest-only or super-premium
class, which will be treated as non-qualified stated interest includible in the
stated redemption price at maturity. OID reported for an accrual period will be
adjusted for subsequent changes in the interest rate.
Although unclear under the OID rules, CFMSI intends to treat Certificates
bearing an interest rate that is a weighted average of the net interest rates on
mortgage loans having fixed or adjustable rates as having qualified stated
interest. For ARMs, the applicable index used to compute interest on the
mortgage loans in effect on the pricing date (or possibly the issue date) will
be deemed to be in effect beginning with the period in which the first weighted
average adjustment date occurring after the issue date occurs. Adjustments will
be made in each accrual period either increasing or decreasing the amount of OID
reportable to reflect the actual interest rate on the Certificates.
Under the REMIC regulations, a Certificate bearing
o a variable rate under the OID rules that is tied to current values of a
variable rate (or the highest, lowest or average of two or more variable
rates, including a rate based on the average cost of funds of one or more
financial institutions), or a positive or negative multiple of such a rate
(plus or minus a specified number of basis points) or that represents a
weighted average of rates on some or all of the mortgage loans that bear
either a fixed rate or a variable rate, including such a rate that is
subject
to one or more caps or floors, or
o one or more such variable rates for one or more periods, and a different
variable rate or fixed rate for other periods,
qualifies as a regular interest in a REMIC. For OID reporting purposes, CFMSI
intends to treat Certificates that qualify as regular interests under this rule
in the same manner as obligations bearing a variable rate.
32
<PAGE>
A class of Certificates may not have a variable rate under the preceding
rules - for example, if the class bears different rates at different times so
that it is considered significantly "front-loaded" or "back-loaded" within the
meaning of the OID rules. Such a class might be considered to bear "contingent
interest" under the OID rules. The OID rules for the treatment of contingent
interest do not by their terms apply to Certificates. However, if final
regulations dealing with contingent interest on Certificates apply the same
principles as the OID rules, the regulations may lead to different timing of
income inclusion than would be the case under the OID rules. Furthermore,
application of such principles could lead to the characterization of gain on the
sale of contingent interest Certificates as ordinary income.
MARKET DISCOUNT
A purchaser of a Certificate may also be subject to the "market discount" rules
of sections 1276 through 1278. Under these sections and the principles applied
by the OID rules for OID, market discount is the amount by which the purchaser's
original basis in the Certificate is exceeded (1) by the then-current principal
amount of the Certificate, or (2) for a Certificate having OID, by the adjusted
issue price of the Certificate at the time of purchase.
The purchaser will generally have to recognize ordinary income to the extent
of accrued market discount on the Certificate as distributions includible in the
stated redemption price at maturity are received, in an amount not exceeding the
distribution. Market discount would accrue in a manner to be provided in
Treasury regulations and should take into account the prepayment rate assumed in
structuring the Series. The Conference Committee Report provides that until
regulations are issued, market discount would accrue either (1) on the basis of
a constant interest rate or (2) in the ratio of stated interest allocable to the
relevant period to the sum of the interest for the period plus the remaining
interest as of the end of the period, or in the case of a Certificate issued
with OID, in the ratio of OID accrued for the relevant period to the sum of the
OID accrued for the period plus the remaining OID as of the end of the period.
The purchaser will also generally be required to treat a portion of any gain
on a sale or exchange of the Certificate as ordinary income to the extent of the
market discount accrued to the date of disposition under one of the preceding
methods, less any accrued market discount previously reported as ordinary income
as partial distributions in reduction of the stated redemption price at maturity
were received.
The purchaser also will be required to defer deduction of a portion of the
interest expense attributable to any indebtedness incurred or continued to
purchase or carry the Certificate. The deferred portion of the interest expense
would not exceed the accrued market discount on the Certificate for the taxable
year. Such deferred interest expense is, in general, allowed as a deduction not
later than the year in which the related market discount income is recognized or
the Certificate is disposed of.
As an alternative to the inclusion of market discount in income on the
preceding basis, a holder may elect to include market discount in income
currently as it accrues on all market discount instruments acquired by the
holder in that taxable year or later, in which case the interest deferral rule
will not apply. See "- Election to treat interest under the constant yield
method" below regarding an alternative manner in which the election may be made.
By analogy to the OID rules, market discount for a Certificate will be
considered to be zero if the market discount is less than 0.25% of the remaining
stated redemption price at maturity of the Certificate multiplied by the
weighted average maturity of the Certificate (determined as described above
under "Original issue discount") remaining after the date of purchase. It
appears that de minimis market discount would be reported in a manner similar to
de minimis OID. See "- De minimis OID" above. Treasury regulations implementing
the market discount rules have not yet been issued. Investors should consult
Revenue Procedure 92-67 concerning the elections to include market discount in
income currently and to accrue market discount on the basis of the constant
yield method.
PREMIUM
A Certificate purchased at a cost greater than its remaining stated redemption
price at maturity generally is considered to be purchased at a premium. If a
holder holds such Certificate as a "capital asset" within the meaning of section
1221, the holder may elect under section 171 to amortize the premium under the
constant yield method. Such election will apply to all debt obligations acquired
at a premium by the holder of a Certificate held in that taxable year or
thereafter, unless revoked with the permission of the IRS. Final Treasury
regulations issued under section 171 do not by their terms apply to prepayable
debt instruments such as the
33
<PAGE>
Certificates. However, the Conference Committee Report indicates a Congressional
intent to apply the rules for the accrual of market discount on installment
obligations in amortizing bond premium under section 171 on installment
obligations such as the Certificates. (It is unclear, however, whether the
alternatives to the constant yield method described above under "--Market
discount" are available.) Amortizable bond premium will be treated as an
offset to interest income on a Certificate, rather than a separate deduction
item. See "--Election to treat interest under the constant yield method" below
regarding an alternative manner in which the section 171 election may be deemed
to be made.
LOSSES
Certificate holders must report income on the Certificates on the accrual method
of accounting, without giving effect to delays or reductions in distributions
attributable to defaults or delinquencies on the mortgage loans, except to the
extent it can be established that the losses are uncollectible. Accordingly, the
holder of a Certificate, particularly a subordinated Certificate, may have
income or may incur a diminution in cash flow as a result of a default or
delinquency, but may not be able to take a deduction (subject to the discussion
below) for the corresponding loss until a subsequent taxable year. In this
regard, investors are cautioned that while they may generally cease to accrue
interest income if it reasonably appears that the interest will be
uncollectible, the IRS may take the position that OID must continue to accrue in
spite of its uncollectibility until the debt instrument is disposed of in a
taxable transaction or becomes worthless in accordance with the rules of section
166.
Under section 166, it appears that
o a Certificate holder that is a corporation or that holds the Certificate in
connection with a trade or business should generally be allowed to deduct
as an ordinary loss, and
o other Certificate holders should generally be allowed to deduct as a short
term capital loss any loss of principal sustained during the taxable year
on account of the Certificate's becoming wholly or partially worthless.
Although the matter is not free from doubt, such non-corporate holders should
be allowed a bad debt deduction at the time a loss is allocated to the
Certificate to reflect losses resulting from any liquidated mortgage loans. The
IRS, however, could take the position that non-corporate holders will be allowed
a bad debt deduction to reflect such losses only after all the mortgage loans
remaining in the Trust have been liquidated or the Certificate has been retired.
The IRS could also assert that losses on the Certificates are deductible on some
other method that may defer such deductions for all holders, such as reducing
future cash flow for purposes of computing OID. This may create "negative" OID,
which would be deductible only against future positive OID or otherwise upon
termination of the Certificate.
While losses attributable to interest previously reported as income should be
deductible as ordinary losses by both corporate and non-corporate holders, the
IRS may take the position that losses attributable to accrued OID may only be
deducted as short-term capital losses by non-corporate holders not engaged in a
trade or business. Special loss rules are applicable to banks and thrift
institutions, including rules regarding reserves for bad debts.
ELECTION TO TREAT INTEREST UNDER THE CONSTANT YIELD METHOD
A Certificate holder may elect to treat all interest that accrues on the
instrument using the "constant yield method," with none of the interest being
treated as qualified stated interest. In applying the constant yield method, (1)
"interest" includes stated interest, OID, de minimis OID, market discount and de
minimis market discount, as adjusted by any amortizable bond premium or
acquisition premium and (2) the debt instrument is treated as if the instrument
were issued on the holder's acquisition date in the amount of the holder's
adjusted basis immediately after acquisition. It is unclear whether, for this
purpose, the prepayment rate assumed in structuring the Series would continue to
apply or if a new prepayment assumption as of the date of the holder's
acquisition would apply.
A holder generally may make such an election on an instrument by instrument
basis or for a class or group of debt instruments. However, if the holder makes
such an election with respect to a debt instrument with amortizable bond premium
or with market discount, the holder is deemed to have made elections to amortize
bond premium or to report market discount income currently as it accrues under
the constant yield method, respectively, for all premium bonds held or market
discount bonds acquired by the holder in the same taxable year or thereafter.
The election is made on the holder's federal income tax return for the year in
which
34
<PAGE>
the debt instrument is acquired and is irrevocable except with the approval of
the IRS.
SALE OR EXCHANGE OF CERTIFICATES
If a holder sells or exchanges a Certificate, the holder will recognize gain or
loss equal to any difference between the amount received and the holder's
adjusted basis in the Certificate. The adjusted basis of a Certificate will
generally equal the cost of the Certificate to the seller, increased by any OID
or market discount previously included in the seller's gross income for the
Certificate, and reduced by principal distributions on the Certificate
previously received by the seller, by any amortized premium and by any
deductible losses.
Except as described in "- Market discount," above, and except as provided in
the following paragraph, gain or loss on the sale or exchange of a Certificate
realized by an investor who holds the Certificate as a capital asset (within the
meaning of section 1221) will be capital gain or loss and will be long-term or
short-term depending on whether the Certificate has been held for more than one
year.
Gain on the sale or exchange of a Certificate will be treated as ordinary
income
o if the Certificate is held as part of a "conversion transaction" as
defined in section 1258(c), up to the amount of interest that would have accrued
on the holder's net investment in the conversion transaction at 120% of the
appropriate applicable federal rate under section 1274(d) in effect at the time
the holder entered into the transaction, minus any amount previously treated as
ordinary income with respect to any prior disposition of property that was held
as a part of such transaction,
o for a non-corporate taxpayer, to the extent the taxpayer has made an
election under section 163(d)(4) to have net capital gains taxed as investment
income at ordinary income rates, or
o to the extent that the gain does not exceed the excess, if any, of (1)
the amount that would have been includible in the gross income of the holder if
its yield on the Certificate were 110% of the applicable federal rate as of the
date of purchase, over (2) the amount of income actually includible in the gross
income of the holder for the Certificate. In addition, gain or loss recognized
on the sale of a Certificate by certain banks or thrift institutions will be
treated as ordinary income or loss pursuant to section 582(c).
SPECIAL TYPES OF HOLDERS
CFMSI anticipates that Certificates held by
o a domestic building and loan association will be a "regular interest in a
REMIC" under section 7701(a)(19)(C)(xi) in the same proportion that the
assets of the REMIC would be treated as "loans . . . secured by an interest
in real property which is . . . residential real property" under section
7701(a)(19)(C)(v) or as other assets described in section 7701(a)(19)(C),
o a real estate investment trust will be "real estate assets" under section
856(c)(4)(A), and interest on the Certificates will be "interest on
obligations secured by mortgages on real property or on interests in real
property" under section 856(c)(3)(B),
in their entirety. Treasury regulations require that information be furnished
annually to beneficial owners of Certificates, and filed annually with the IRS,
concerning the percentage of the REMIC's assets meeting the qualified asset
tests that justify such characterization of these Certificates. This information
is furnished in the same manner as described below under "Reporting
requirements."
If the assets of the REMIC include buydown mortgage loans, the percentage of
those assets constituting "loans . . . secured by an interest in real property"
under section 7701(a)(19)(C)(v) might be reduced by the amount of any related
buydown subsidy accounts.
Certificates held by
o a regulated investment company will not be "Government securities"
under section 851(b)(3)(A)(i), and
o certain financial institutions will be "evidence of indebtedness" under
section 582(c)(1).
FOREIGN INVESTORS
A non-U.S. person is a person that is not
o a citizen or resident of the United States,
o a corporation, partnership (with exceptions in Treasury regulations)
or other entity created or organized in or under the laws of the United States
or a political subdivision,
o an estate subject to United States federal income tax regardless of the
source of its income, or
o a trust, if a court within the United States is able to exercise
primary supervision over the administration of the trust, and one or more U.S.
persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust.
Interest, including OID, distributable to Certificate holders who are non-
U.S. persons will be considered "portfolio interest" and, therefore, generally
will not be
35
<PAGE>
subject to 30% United States withholding tax if the non-U.S. person
o is not a "10% shareholder" under section 871(h)(3)(B) or a "controlled
foreign corporation" under section 881(c)(3)(C) and
o provides the Trustee, or the person who would otherwise be required to
withhold tax from distributions under section 1441 or 1442, with an appropriate
certification, signed under penalties of perjury, identifying the beneficial
owner and stating, among other things, that the beneficial owner of the
Certificate is a non-U.S. person.
For the exemption from withholding taxes to apply to you, you must meet one
of the following requirements:
o You provide your name, address and a signed statement that you are the
beneficial owner of the certificates and that you are not a US certificate
owner. This statement is generally made on IRS Form W-8 or Form W-8BEN.
o You or your agent claim an exemption from withholding tax under an
applicable tax treaty. This claim is generally made on Form 1001 or Form
W-8BEN.
You or your agent claim an exemption from withholding tax on the ground
that the income is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or
business in the US. This claim is generally made on Form 4224 or Form
W-8ECI.
If such certification, or any other required certification, is not provided, 30%
withholding will apply unless reduced or eliminated pursuant to an applicable
tax treaty or unless the interest is effectively connected with the conduct of a
trade or business within the United States by the non-U.S. person. In the latter
case, the non-U.S. person will be subject to United States federal income tax at
regular rates.
The IRS recently issued final regulations (the "New Regulations") which would
provide alternative methods of satisfying the certification requirement
described above. The New Regulations are effective January 1, 2001. Current
withholding certificates will remain valid until the earlier of December 31,
2000 or the due date of expiration of the certificate under the rules as
currently in effect. The New Regulations will require, for Certificates held by
a foreign partnership, that (1) the certification described above be provided by
the partners rather than by the foreign partnership and (2) the partnership
provide certain information, including a United States taxpayer identification
number. A look-through rule would apply in the case of tiered partnerships.
BACKUP WITHHOLDING
Distributions made on the Certificates and proceeds from the sale of the
Certificates to or through certain brokers may be subject to a "backup"
withholding tax under section 3406 of 31% of "reportable payments" (including
interest distributions, OID, and, in some circumstances, principal
distributions) unless, in general, the Certificate holder complies with
reporting and/or certification procedures, including the provision of its
taxpayer identification number to the Trustee, its agent or the broker who
effected the sale of the Certificate, or the Certificate holder is otherwise an
exempt recipient under the Internal Revenue Code. Amounts withheld from
distributions on the Certificates would be refunded by the IRS or allowed as a
credit against the holder's federal income tax liability. The New Regulations
change some of the presumptions for information reporting and backup
withholding.
REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
Reports of accrued interest, OID and information necessary to compute the
accrual of market discount will be made annually to the IRS and to individuals,
estates, non-exempt and non-charitable trusts, and partnerships who are either
holders of record of Certificates or beneficial owners who own Certificates
through a broker or middleman as nominee. All brokers, nominees and all other
non-tax-exempt holders of record of Certificates (including corporations,
non-calendar year taxpayers, securities or commodities dealers, real estate
investment trusts, investment companies, common trust funds, thrift institutions
and charitable trusts) may request such information for any calendar quarter by
telephone or in writing by contacting the person designated in IRS Publication
938 for a particular Series of Certificates. Holders through nominees must
request such information from the nominee.
TAXATION OF THE TRUST
REMIC QUALIFICATION
Unless otherwise specified in the supplement, CFMSI will elect to treat the
Trust or one or more segregated pools of assets of the Trust as one or more
remics. References to the "Trust" or the "REMIC" in this tax discussion will
refer to the Trust or those asset pools.
36
<PAGE>
The supplement states whether CFMSI will make more than one REMIC election for
the Trust's assets.
Rona Daniels, vice president and tax counsel of Citibank, has advised CFMSI
that in her opinion
o the Trust will qualify as one or more REMICs under current law if
CFMSI makes the REMIC election(s), all parties comply with the pooling
agreement, and the Trust complies with any changes to the REMIC rules, and
o the Certificates qualify as regular interests in a REMIC.
For the Trust to remain qualified as one or more REMICs, it must continue to
comply with the REMIC rules. These include a requirement that all but a de
minimis portion of the assets of the Trust must be "qualified mortgages" or
"permitted investments," as defined in the REMIC rules.
If the Trust fails to comply with the REMIC rules during a taxable year, the
Trust may cease to be a REMIC and may become taxed as a corporation for that and
subsequent tax years. Certificates would then be treated as equity interests in
the Trust.
TAXES THAT MAY BE IMPOSED ON THE REMIC
Prohibited transactions. Income from "prohibited transactions" by the REMIC will
be taxed directly to the REMIC at a 100% rate. Prohibited transactions generally
include
o the disposition of mortgage loans other than for (1) substitution
within two years of the closing date for a defective (including a defaulted)
mortgage loan (or the repurchase in lieu of substitution of a defective
(including a defaulted) mortgage loan at any time), or for any mortgage loan
within three months of the closing date, (2) foreclosure, default, or reasonably
foreseeable default of a mortgage loan, (3) bankruptcy or insolvency of the
REMIC, or (4) a qualified (complete) liquidation,
o the receipt of income from assets that are not the type of mortgage
loan or investments that the REMIC is permitted to hold,
o the receipt of compensation for services,
o or the receipt of gain from disposition of cash flow investments other than
pursuant to a qualified liquidation.
It is not a prohibited transaction, however, to sell REMIC property to
prevent a default on a regular interest as a result of a default on mortgage
loans or to facilitate a clean-up call. The REMIC regulations indicate that a
substantial modification of a mortgage loan generally will not be treated as a
disposition if it is occasioned by a default or reasonably foreseeable default,
an assumption of the mortgage loan, the waiver of a due-on-sale clause or
due-on-encumbrance clause, or the conversion of an interest rate by a lender
pursuant to a convertible ARM.
Contributions to the REMIC after the closing date. In general, the REMIC will
be subject to tax at a 100% rate on the value of any property contributed to the
REMIC after the closing date. Exceptions are provided for cash contributions to
the REMIC
o during the three months following the closing date,
o made to a qualified reserve fund by a residual interest holder,
o in the nature of a guaranty, and made to facilitate a qualified liquidation
or clean-up call.
Net income from foreclosure property. A REMIC will be subject to federal
income tax at the highest corporate rate on "net income from foreclosure
property," determined by reference to the rules applicable to real estate
investment trusts. Generally, property acquired by deed in lieu of foreclosure
would be treated as "foreclosure property" for a period not exceeding the close
of the third calendar year beginning after the year of acquisition, with a
possible extension. Net income from foreclosure property generally means gain
from the sale of foreclosure property that is inventory property and gross
income from foreclosure property other than qualifying rents and other
qualifying income for a real estate investment trust.
Liquidation of the REMIC. If a REMIC adopts a plan of complete liquidation
under section 860F(a)(4)(A)(i), which may be accomplished by designating in the
REMIC's final tax return a date on which the adoption is deemed to occur, and
sells all of its assets (other than cash) within the 90-day period beginning on
that date, the REMIC will not be subject to the prohibited transaction rules on
the sale of its assets, provided that the REMIC credits or distributes in
liquidation all of the sale proceeds plus its cash (other than amounts retained
to meet claims) to Certificate holders within the 90-day period.
37
<PAGE>
LEGAL ASPECTS OF MORTGAGE LOANS
MORTGAGES AND DEEDS OF TRUST
The mortgage loans will be secured by either mortgages or deeds of trust,
depending on the prevailing practice in the state in which the mortgaged
property is located. A mortgage or a deed of trust creates a lien upon the
mortgaged property and represents the security for the repayment of an
obligation that is customarily evidenced by a promissory note or a bond. The
lien created by the mortgage or deed of trust is not prior to a lien for real
estate taxes and assessments and certain other liens. Priority over other
mortgages and deeds of trust depends on their terms and generally on the order
in which the mortgages or deeds of trust are recorded with a state, county or
municipal office.
There are two parties to a mortgage, the mortgagor, who is the
borrower/homeowner or the land trustee (as described below), and the mortgagee,
who is the lender. In keeping with the terminology used elsewhere in this
prospectus, we shall generally refer to the mortgagor as the "homeowner" or
"borrower" and the mortgagee as the "lender." For a land trust, title to the
property is held by a land trustee under a land trust agreement, while the
borrower/homeowner is the beneficiary of the land trust; at origination of a
mortgage loan involving a land trust, the borrower signs a separate undertaking
to the land trustee to make payments on the mortgage note. The security
arrangements for a living trust (also known as a family trust or inter vivos
trust) are similar to those for a land trust, except that the borrower signs the
mortgage note.
Although a deed of trust is similar to a mortgage, a deed of trust formally
has three parties, the trustor (similar to a mortgagor), who is the homeowner
and may or may not be the borrower, the beneficiary (similar to a mortgagee),
who is the lender, and the trustee, a third-party grantee. Under a deed of
trust, the trustor grants the property, irrevocably until the debt is paid, in
trust, generally with a power of sale, to the trustee to secure payment of the
obligation.
The lender's authority under a mortgage and the trustee's authority under a
deed of trust are governed by law, the express provisions of the mortgage or
deed of trust, and, in some cases, the directions of the beneficiary.
FORECLOSURE
The mortgage loans in each Trust will be primarily composed of first priority
mortgage loans. The discussion in this section is principally relevant to first
mortgages, although portions may also be relevant to second mortgages.
Foreclosure of a deed of trust is generally accomplished by a non-judicial
trustee's sale under a specific provision in the deed of trust that authorizes
the trustee to sell the property upon a default by the borrower under the terms
of the note or deed of trust. In some states, the trustee must record a notice
of default and send a copy to the borrower-trustor and to any person who has
recorded a request for a copy of a notice of default and notice of sale. In
addition, the trustee in some states must provide notice to any other individual
having an interest in the real property, including any junior lienholders. The
trustor, borrower or any person having a junior encumbrance on the real estate
may, during a reinstatement period, cure the default by paying the entire amount
in arrears plus the costs and expenses incurred in enforcing the obligation.
Generally, state law controls the amount of foreclosure expenses and costs,
including attorney's fees, which may be recovered by a lender. If the deed of
trust is not reinstated, a notice of sale must be posted in a public place and,
in most states, published for a specific period of time in one or more
newspapers. In addition, some state laws require that a copy of the notice of
sale be posted on the property or the courthouse door of the county in which the
property is located, recorded and sent to all parties having an interest in the
real property.
An action to foreclose a mortgage is an action to recover the mortgage debt
by enforcing the lender's rights under the mortgage. It is regulated by statutes
and rules and subject throughout to the court's equitable powers. For example,
in Texas it is necessary to give both notice of intent to accelerate as well as
notice of acceleration of an installment note, and in New Jersey it is also
necessary to give a notice of intent to foreclose. Generally, a homeowner is
bound by the terms of the mortgage note and the mortgage as made and cannot be
relieved from his or her default. However, since a foreclosure action is
equitable in nature and is addressed to a court of equity, the court may relieve
a homeowner of a default and deny the lender foreclosure on proof that
o the homeowner's default was neither willful nor in bad faith and
o the lender's action established a waiver, or fraud, bad faith,
oppressive or unconscionable conduct that warrants a court of equity to refuse
affirmative relief to the lender.
38
<PAGE>
Under certain circumstances a court of equity may relieve the homeowner from an
entirely technical default if the default was not willful.
A foreclosure action is subject to most of the delays and expenses of other
lawsuits if defenses or counterclaims are interposed, sometimes requiring up to
several years to complete. Substantial delay and expense may be incurred if the
defaulting homeowner files a petition under the federal bankruptcy laws before
the initiation of a foreclosure action or during its pendency. Moreover, recent
judicial decisions suggest that a non-collusive, regularly conducted foreclosure
sale may be challenged as a fraudulent conveyance, regardless of the parties'
intent, if a court determines that the sale was for less than fair consideration
and such sale occurred while the homeowner was insolvent and within one year (or
within the statute of limitations if the trustee in bankruptcy elects to proceed
under state fraudulent conveyance law) of the filing of bankruptcy. Similarly, a
suit against the debtor on the mortgage note or bond may take several years.
In a foreclosure under either a mortgage or a deed of trust, the sale by the
referee or other designated officer or by the trustee is a public sale. However,
because of the difficulty potential third party purchasers at the sale have in
determining the exact status of title and because the physical condition of the
property may have deteriorated during the foreclosure proceedings, it often
happens that no third party purchases the property at the foreclosure sale.
Rather, it is more common for the lender to purchase the property from the
trustee or referee for an amount equal to the principal amount of the mortgage
or deed of trust plus accrued and unpaid interest and the expenses of
foreclosure. Thereafter, the lender will assume the burdens of ownership,
including obtaining casualty insurance, paying real estate taxes and any special
municipal assessments that have priority over the mortgage and making repairs at
its own expense to make the property suitable for sale. The lender will commonly
obtain the services of a real estate broker and pay the broker's commission in
connection with the sale of the property. Depending upon market conditions, the
ultimate proceeds of the sale of the property may not equal the lender's
investment in the property. A loss may be reduced by the receipt of any mortgage
insurance proceeds.
CF MORTGAGE is not required to expend its own funds to foreclose on a
defaulted mortgage loan unless it determines that foreclosure would increase the
net proceeds of liquidation available for distribution to Certificate holders
and that its expenditures will be recoverable. There may be circumstances - for
example, the possibility of incurring liability for environmental damage or a
substantial decline in the value of the underlying property - that would cause
CF MORTGAGE to elect not to foreclose on a defaulted mortgage loan.
Foreclosure of a mortgage is accomplished in New York, New Jersey and Florida
in most cases, and in Illinois in all cases, by an action in foreclosure
culminating in a judicial sale (or, in Illinois, a judicially approved sale) of
the real property by a court-appointed referee, sales agent or other official
following a judgment of foreclosure. A foreclosure action may enable a lender to
realize upon its security and to bar the homeowner, persons with liens
subordinate to the foreclosing lender, and other persons with interests in the
real property from their statutory rights and "equity of redemption."
The doctrine of equity of redemption provides that, until the property
covered by a mortgage has been sold in accordance with a properly conducted
foreclosure and foreclosure sale, those having an equity of redemption may
redeem the property by paying the entire debt with interest and, if a
foreclosure action is pending, all or part of the costs of the action. Those
having a statutory right or equity of redemption must be made parties and duly
summoned to the foreclosure action in order for their statutory right or equity
of redemption to be barred.
In CONNECTICUT a court in its discretion may order either a foreclosure by
judicial sale or strict foreclosure. Generally, Connecticut courts grant strict
foreclosure unless the United States is a party or the court upon the motion of
a party or upon its own motion determines that the net value of the mortgaged
property is materially in excess of the debt being foreclosed. If a court orders
strict foreclosure, it will establish a "law day" for each defendant in the
foreclosure action. The time between the entry of the judgment of foreclosure
and the first law day will be set by the court as at least 20 days after the
date of the judgment. The first law day will be for the owner of the mortgaged
property, and then, in sequence, there will be a law day for each party having a
lien on, or other interest in, the mortgaged property that is junior to the
foreclosing lender's interest, in inverse order of their priority. Unless a
party assigned a prior law day redeems by paying the debt due the foreclosing
lender in full, each party will have the right on his law day to redeem the
mortgaged prop-
39
<PAGE>
erty by paying off the foreclosing lender; after redemption, the redeeming party
will own the mortgaged property subject to any other liens or interests as to
which a law day has not passed. If a party fails to redeem on his law day, his
rights in the mortgaged property will be extinguished. If no party redeems, the
foreclosing lender becomes the owner of the mortgaged property, subject to other
liens or interests that are prior to the mortgage foreclosed or as to which the
holders were not parties to the foreclosure action. If the court orders
foreclosure by sale rather than strict foreclosure, a committee is appointed by
the court to sell the mortgaged property at auction. The proceeds of the sale
are then distributed first to pay the costs of the sale and then to satisfy the
debts of the parties in the order of their priority to the extent the proceeds
permit.
Upon commencement of a foreclosure action on a Connecticut mortgage, a
homeowner who is unemployed or under-employed may, in certain circumstances, be
granted a stay of the foreclosure proceedings not to exceed six months, and a
restructuring of the mortgage debt to add unpaid interest and certain other
charges to the outstanding principal amount of the debt. The total amount of the
restructured debt may not exceed the larger of the original mortgage debt or 90%
of the fair market value at the time of restructuring and the restructured
payments must be made over the remaining portion of the original term of the
mortgage.
In CALIFORNIA, foreclosure can be judicial or nonjudicial. The primary
distinction between a judicial and a nonjudicial foreclosure is that in a
judicial sale a deficiency judgment may be obtained, while in a non-judicial
foreclosure, no deficiency judgment is allowed. Since California borrowers are
protected by anti-deficiency legislation for most purchase-money deeds of trust,
the lender will, in almost all instances, pursue non-judicial foreclosure. A
second difference between judicial and non-judicial foreclosures is that in the
former, if the lender chooses to maintain its right to a deficiency judgment,
the homeowner may redeem the property by paying the amount bid at the sale plus
statutory fees, costs and interest for a period of three months (if the proceeds
of sale are sufficient to pay the lender in full) or one year (if the sale
proceeds are insufficient to pay the lender in full) after the sale. The
purchaser at the sale, whether it is the lender or a third party, may not demand
possession of the property until expiration of the redemption period, although,
the redeemer will be required to pay reasonable rental value upon redemption.
A lender may accept a deed in lieu of foreclosure instead of pursuing either
judicial or nonjudicial foreclosure. By accepting a deed in lieu of foreclosure,
the lender takes the property back subject to any junior liens, which would be
subordinated or released of record.(1)
In California, a borrower has until 5 days before a trustee sale to reinstate
the loan. California law can delay foreclosure and collection of late charges if
a lender participates in the sale of credit disability insurance in connection
with one of its loans and the borrower suffers a disability.
In ILLINOIS, a borrower in a mortgage foreclosure suit is granted the right
to reinstate a mortgage within 90 days after the date the court obtains
jurisdiction over all homeowners for the mortgaged property. If this right is
exercised, the delinquent borrower need only pay the actual delinquency costs
and reasonable attorney fees, but not any amount due as a result of an
acceleration provision in the mortgage note. As a result, the borrower may
unilaterally reinstate the mortgage loan and terminate the foreclosure
proceedings. In addition, when the lender bids less than the total debt at the
judicial sale, Illinois law provides the borrower with a special 30-day right of
redemption after the approval of the judicial sale in the foreclosure of a
single-family residence. Upon exercise of such right, the borrower need only
redeem by paying the amount of the sale price, plus interest and costs, and not
the deficiency. Many Illinois mortgages, however, give the homeowners greater
contractual rights to reinstate a mortgage than are granted under Illinois
statutes.
In MICHIGAN, a borrower is granted a right of redemption for a period after a
sale of the property of six
- --------
(1) Even a transfer at a nonjudicial foreclosure sale has been held by one
federal court of appeals to constitute a fraudulent conveyance. The United
States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (in which California is located),
however, has held to the contrary. Amendments to the federal bankruptcy laws
addressed this conflict, at least in the bankruptcy context (as opposed to a
state court fraudulent conveyance claim), but not with complete clarity. It is
probable that a court would interpret these amendments to permit challenging a
nonjudicial foreclosure sale as a fraudulent conveyance if the property is worth
significantly more than the amount paid at the sale.
40
<PAGE>
months (one year in certain cases). Upon exercise of such right, the borrower
can redeem the property by paying the amount of the sale price, plus interest
and advances. Any resulting deficiency in the amount owing under the mortgage
will be unsecured, and is generally nonrecoverable.
JUNIOR LIENS
The rights of a lender under a second, or junior, lien on a mortgaged property
are subordinate to the rights of the holder of the first, or senior, mortgage.
The senior mortgage lender has the prior right to receive hazard insurance and
condemnation proceeds and to cause the mortgaged property to be sold upon
homeowner default. State law usually does not require the holder of a senior
mortgage to give notice of default to any junior lender.
In some states, a junior lien holder may satisfy a senior loan in default by
paying off the senior loan in full, or may cure the default by making the senior
loan current. In either case, the amount paid by the junior lender would be
added to the principal balance of the junior loan.
If the proceeds of insurance or condemnation and from a sale of the mortgaged
property are sufficient to satisfy the senior mortgage in full, then, and only
then, will any excess proceeds be available to be applied to satisfaction of the
principal or interest due on any junior lien.
RIGHTS OF REDEMPTION
In some states, after sale pursuant to a deed of trust or foreclosure of a
mortgage, the trustor or homeowner and foreclosed junior lienors are given a
statutory period in which to redeem the property from the foreclosure sale. The
right of redemption should be distinguished from the equity of redemption, which
is a nonstatutory right that must be exercised prior to the foreclosure sale. In
some states, redemption may occur only upon payment of the entire principal
balance of the loan, accrued interest and expenses of foreclosure. In other
states, redemption may be authorized if the former borrower pays only a portion
of the sums due. The effect of a statutory right of redemption is to diminish
the ability of the lender to sell the foreclosed property. The right of
redemption would defeat the title of any purchaser from the lender subsequent to
foreclosure or sale under a deed of trust. Consequently, the practical effect of
a right of redemption is to force the lender to retain the property and pay the
expenses of ownership until the redemption period has run. In some states, there
is no right to redeem property after a trustee's sale under a deed of trust or
after a foreclosure action.
ANTI-DEFICIENCY LAWS AND OTHER LIMITATIONS ON LENDERS
In some states, statutes limit the right of a lender to obtain a deficiency
judgment against the borrower following foreclosure or sale under a deed of
trust. A deficiency judgment is a personal judgment against the former borrower
equal in most cases to the difference between the net amount realized upon the
public sale of the real property and the amount due to the lender. Other
statutes require the beneficiary or lender to exhaust the security afforded
under a deed of trust or mortgage by foreclosure in an attempt to satisfy the
full debt before bringing a personal action against the borrower. Finally, other
statutory provisions limit any deficiency judgment against the former borrower
following a judicial sale to the excess of the outstanding debt over the fair
market value of the property at the time of the public sale. The purpose of
these statutes is generally to prevent a beneficiary or a lender from obtaining
a large deficiency judgment against the former borrower as a result of low or no
bids at the judicial sale.
Although CF MORTGAGE may elect to pursue deficiency judgments on a mortgage
loan, CF MORTGAGE does not have to do so, even if permitted by applicable
law.
NEW YORK. Section 1371 of the New York Real Property Actions and Proceedings
Law provides that no award of a deficiency judgment can be made unless the
court has personal jurisdiction over the defendant. Moreover, any motion for a
deficiency judgment must be made within 90 days of the consummation of the sale
by the delivery of the deed to the purchaser. Section 1301 of the same law
limits the lender's right to bring separate actions for the mortgage debt and
for foreclosure. While the foreclosure action is pending, or after final
judgment for the plaintiff in the action, no other action may be commenced or
maintained to recover any part of the mortgage debt without leave of the court
in which the foreclosure action was brought. A deficiency judgment is limited to
the judgment amount in the foreclosure action, minus the higher of (1) the fair
and reasonable market value of the mortgaged property at the date of the
foreclosure sale or the nearest earlier date as of which the court determines a
market value or (2) the sale price of the property at the foreclosure sale.
41
<PAGE>
Section 254-b of the New York Real Property Law also limits lenders' ability
to collect late payment charges. If the mortgage permits the lender to collect a
late payment charge on an installment that has become due and remains unpaid,
the charge cannot be more than 2% of the delinquent installment and cannot be
imposed on any installment paid within 15 days of the due date. In addition,
late payment charges cannot be deducted from the regular installment payments;
they must be separately charged and collected by the lender.
In New York a lender can foreclose a mortgage on a residential leasehold
property by maintaining a traditional equitable foreclosure action. Any rent or
taxes paid by the lender following default by the leaseholder may be added to
the unpaid balance of the mortgage debt upon foreclosure. A judgment of
foreclosure of a leasehold, however, results in a public auction only if the
mortgage expressly so provides, whereas judgment of foreclosure on a real
property mortgage would result in a public auction in all cases. In the absence
of an express provision, in a leasehold mortgage, the lender can only recover a
money judgment. In this event, the lender may follow traditional enforcement
procedures. In addition to enforcement of judgment remedies, the leasehold
interest may then be subject to a post-judgment sale pursuant to an execution.
NEW JERSEY. Under New Jersey law, an action for deficiency judgment must be
commenced within three months from the date of the foreclosure sale of a
mortgaged premises. In a deficiency action, judgment will be rendered only for
the balance due on the debt and interest and costs of the action. The obligor
under the note may file an answer in the action for deficiency, disputing the
amount of the deficiency sued for. The court will determine the amount of the
deficiency by deducting from the debt the amount determined as the fair market
value of the premises.
In New Jersey, the commencement of a deficiency action reopens the
homeowner's right of redemption for a period of six months after the entry of
any deficiency judgment, which could have an adverse effect on the ability to
transfer good title to the mortgaged premises during this period.
CONNECTICUT. If the lender took title to the mortgaged property under strict
foreclosure but the property's value was less than the debt, Connecticut law
permits the lender to move for a deficiency judgment in the amount of the
difference within 30 days after the redemption period expires. If there was a
foreclosure sale and the sale proceeds were insufficient to discharge the
mortgage debt in full, the lender may obtain a deficiency judgment for the
difference. If, however, the sales price is less than the value of the mortgaged
property as found by the court, one half of the difference between such value
and the sales price must be credited against the deficiency claim of the person
who sought foreclosure by sale. To avoid this outcome, lenders do not generally
seek foreclosure sales.
CALIFORNIA. Under California's "one-action rule," a lender must include all
claims in one action and must foreclose its security before seeking to impose
any personal liability. The anti-deficiency rules limit the recovery of personal
judgments. If a foreclosure is conducted by way of a nonjudicial foreclosure
sale, California law prohibits the recovery of a deficiency judgment. In
addition, a deficiency judgment is prohibited even if judicial foreclosure is
pursued when a lender finances the purchase price of residential real property
and the property has four or fewer units and is occupied by the purchaser.
Because most mortgage loans fall into this category, the Issuer intends to
pursue nonjudicial foreclosure. While it is possible to sue the borrower for any
fraud or damage to the mortgaged property, it generally is not practical to do
so.
TEXAS. In Texas most foreclosures are non-judicial. However, the lender must
give both notice of intent to accelerate as well as notice of acceleration of
the installment note unless proper waiver language is included in the note. If
the real property is the debtor's residence, the debtor must be given at least
20 days to cure the default before the entire debt is due and notice of sale is
given. A suit for a deficiency judgment must be brought within two years after
foreclosure. During the pendency of the suit, the debtor can request the court
to determine the fair market value of the property foreclosed upon. If the court
determines that the fair market value of the property is greater than the bid
price paid at foreclosure, the debtor is entitled to an offset against the
deficiency claim in the amount by which the fair market value exceeds the bid
price.
ILLINOIS. In Illinois, if the price at the foreclosure sale is less than the
total amount held due in the judgment of foreclosure plus statutory interest,
certain advances and costs incurred at the time of judicial sale, the lender may
obtain a deficiency judgment against the homeowner provided that there is
personal jurisdiction over the homeowner.
FLORIDA. Under Florida law, if the fair market value of the mortgaged
property at the time of the foreclosure sale is less than the debt of the final
judgment, the
42
<PAGE>
lender may seek a deficiency judgment, either as part of the foreclosure action
or in a separate action on the note. The decision whether to grant a deficiency
judgment sought as part of the foreclosure action lies within the sound judicial
discretion of the court but is subject to any equitable defenses by the
borrower. No award of a deficiency judgment can be made, either as part of or
separately from the foreclosure action, unless the court has personal
jurisdiction over the defendant. A request for a deficiency judgment is subject
to dismissal for lack of prosecution if the deficiency relief is not sought
within one year from the foreclosure sale date.
MICHIGAN. If the price at the foreclosure sale is less than the total amount
due under the mortgage, under Michigan law the lender retains the right to
institute suit for the amount of the deficiency against the borrower.
ALL MORTGAGE LOANS. In addition to anti-deficiency and related legislation,
numerous other federal and state statutory provisions, including the United
States Bankruptcy Code (the Bankruptcy Code), and state laws affording relief to
debtors may interfere with or affect the ability of a secured mortgage lender to
obtain payment of a mortgage loan, to realize upon collateral and/or enforce a
deficiency judgment. For example, under the Bankruptcy Code, virtually all
actions (including foreclosure actions and deficiency judgment proceedings) are
automatically stayed upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition, and, usually, no
interest or principal payments are made during the course of the bankruptcy
case. Foreclosure of an interest in real property of a debtor in a case under
the Bankruptcy Code can typically occur only if the bankruptcy court vacates the
stay, an action the court may be reluctant to take, particularly if the debtor
has the prospect of restructuring his or her debts and the mortgage collateral
is not deteriorating in value. The delay and its consequences caused by the
automatic stay can be significant. Also, under the Bankruptcy Code, the filing
of a petition in bankruptcy by or on behalf of a junior lienor (a subordinate
lender secured by a mortgage on the property) may stay a senior lender from
taking action to foreclose.
A homeowner may file for relief under any of three different chapters of the
Bankruptcy Code. Under Chapter 7, the assets of the debtor are liquidated and a
lender secured by a lien may "bid in" (i.e., bid up to the amount of the debt)
at the sale of the asset. A homeowner may also file for relief under Chapter 11
of the Bankruptcy Code and reorganize his or her debts through his or her
reorganization plan. Alternatively, a homeowner may file for relief under
Chapter 13 of the Bankruptcy Code and address his or her debts in a
rehabilitation plan. (Chapter 13 is often referred to as the "wage earner
chapter" or "consumer chapter" because most individuals seeking to restructure
their debts file for relief under Chapter 13 rather than Chapter 11).
The Bankruptcy Code permits a mortgage loan that is secured by property that
does not consist solely of the debtor's principal residence to be modified
without the consent of the lender provided certain substantive and procedural
safeguards are met. The lender's security interest may be reduced to the
then-current value of the property as determined by the court if the value is
less than the amount due on the loan, thereby leaving the lender as a general
unsecured creditor for the difference between the value of the collateral and
the outstanding balance of the mortgage loan. A borrower's unsecured
indebtedness will typically be discharged in full upon payment of a
substantially reduced amount. Other modifications to a mortgage loan may include
a reduction in the amount of each scheduled payment, which reduction may result
from a reduction in the rate of interest, an alteration of the repayment
schedule, an extension of the final maturity date, and/or a reduction in the
outstanding balance of the secured portion of the loan. In some circumstances,
subject to the court's approval, a debtor in a case under Chapter 11 of the
Bankruptcy Code may have the power to grant liens senior to the lien of a
mortgage.
A reorganization plan under Chapter 11 and a rehabilitation plan under
Chapter 13 of the Bankruptcy Code may each allow a debtor to cure a default with
respect to a mortgage loan on the debtor's residence by paying arrearages over
time and to deaccelerate and reinstate the original mortgage loan payment
schedule, even though the lender accelerated the loan and a final judgment of
foreclosure had been entered in state court (provided no sale of the property
had yet occurred) prior to the filing of the debtor's petition under the
Bankruptcy Code. Under a Chapter 13 plan, curing of defaults must be
accomplished within the five year maximum term permitted for repayment plans,
such term commencing when repayment plan becomes effective, while defaults may
be cured over a longer period under a Chapter 11 plan of reorganization.
Generally, a repayment plan in a case under Chapter 13 and a plan of
reorganization under Chapter 11 may not modify the claim of a mortgage lender if
the borrower elects to retain the property, the property is the borrower's
principal residence and the property is the lender's only collateral. Certain
courts have allowed
43
<PAGE>
modifications when the mortgage loan is secured both by the debtor's principal
residence and by collateral that is not "inextricably bound" to the real
property, such as appliances, machinery, or furniture.
The general protection for mortgages secured only by the debtor's principal
residence is not applicable in a case under Chapter 13 if the last payment on
the original payment schedule is due before the final date for payment under the
debtor's Chapter 13 plan (which date could be up to five years after the debtor
emerges from bankruptcy). Under several recently decided cases, the terms of
such a loan can be modified in the manner described above. While these decisions
are contrary to the holding in a prior case by a senior appellate court, it is
possible that the later decisions will become the accepted interpretation in
view of the language of the statute. If this interpretation is adopted by a
court considering the treatment in a Chapter 13 repayment plan of a mortgage
loan, it is possible that the mortgage loan could be modified.
State statutes and general principles of equity may also provide a homeowner
with means to halt a foreclosure proceeding or sale and to force a restructuring
of a mortgage loan on terms a lender would not otherwise accept.
If a court relieves a borrower's obligation to repay amounts otherwise due on
a mortgage loan, the servicer will not be required to advance those amounts, and
any loss will be borne by the Certificate holders.
In a bankruptcy or similar proceeding of a homeowner, action may be taken
seeking the recovery, as a preferential transfer or on other grounds, of any
payments made by the homeowner under the mortgage loan before the proceeding.
Payments on long-term debt may be protected from recovery as preferences if they
are payments in the ordinary course of business made on debts incurred in the
ordinary course of business or if the value of the collateral exceeds the debt
at the time of payment. Whether any particular payment would be protected
depends upon the facts specific to a particular transaction.
A trustee in bankruptcy may sometimes be entitled to collect its costs and
expenses in preserving or selling the mortgaged property ahead of a payment to
the lender. Moreover, the laws of certain states also give priority to certain
tax and mechanics liens over the lien of a mortgage. Under the Bankruptcy Code,
if the court finds that actions of the lender have been unreasonable and
inequitable, the mortgage may be subordinated to the claims of unsecured
creditors.
Bankruptcy reform legislation passed by the Senate in September 1998 would
have amended the Bankruptcy Code to authorize bankruptcy court judges to
disallow claims based on secured debt if the creditor failed to comply with
certain provisions of the federal Truth in Lending Act. As proposed, the
provision would apply retroactively to secured debt incurred by a debtor prior
to the date of effectiveness of the legislation, including the mortgage loans.
The House bill and the conference report did not have a similar provision, and
Congress adjourned from its last session without acting on the proposed
legislation. However, such legislation may be introduced in the current session.
If the proposed amendment to the Bankruptcy Code were to become law, a violation
of the Truth in Lending Act in the origination of a mortgage loan could result
in a total loss on the loan in a bankruptcy proceeding. Such a violation would,
however, breach a representation and warranty of CFMSI, which would require it
to repurchase the mortgage loan.
Various proposals to amend the Bankruptcy Code in ways that could adversely
affect the value of the mortgage loans in a trust have been considered by
Congress, and more such proposed legislation may be considered in the future. No
assurance can be given that any particular proposal will or will not be enacted
into law or that any provision so enacted will not differ materially from the
proposal described above.
The Internal Revenue Code gives priority to some tax liens over the mortgage
or deed of trust. The laws of some states give priority to certain tax liens
over the lien of the mortgage or deed of trust. Numerous federal and some state
consumer protection laws impose substantive requirements upon mortgage lenders
in the origination, servicing, and enforcement of mortgage loans. These laws
include the federal Truth in Lending Act, Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act,
Equal Credit Opportunity Act, Fair Credit Billing Act, Fair Debt Collection
Practices Act, Fair Credit Reporting Act, Reigle Community Development and
Regulatory Improvement Act, and related statutes and regulations. These federal
laws and state laws impose specific statutory liabilities upon lenders who
originate or service mortgage loans and who fail to comply with the provisions
of the law. In some cases, this liability may affect assignees of the mortgage
loans. Violations of these laws may also limit the ability of the servicer to
collect all of the principal and interest otherwise payable on the related
mortgage loans.
44
<PAGE>
The Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act limits the amount of interest
that may be charged on a mortgage loan during the period when the homeowner is
in military service. The maximum interest rate that can be charged is 6% per
annum. This maximum rate applies even though the mortgage was originated before
the homeowner was called to active duty. Shortfalls on interest collections due
to this law will not be covered by any servicer advance or by any subordination
and, unless otherwise provided in the supplement, the interest shortfalls will
be allocated pro rata to all interest-bearing Certificates. This law also limits
the ability of a servicer to foreclose on a defaulted mortgage loan during the
homeowner's period of military service.
DUE-ON-SALE CLAUSES
For Trusts containing only fixed rate mortgage loans, at least 90% of the
scheduled principal balance of the loans on the cut-off date will contain
due-on-sale clauses. Generally, ARMs in a Trust will contain due-on-sale clauses
permitting the lender to accelerate only in situations where its security may be
impaired. These clauses permit the lender to accelerate the maturity of the loan
if the borrower sells, transfers or conveys the property or, for a land trust,
the beneficial interest.
The Garn-St Germain Depository Institutions Act of 1982 (the Garn-St Germain
Act) preempts state law that prohibits the enforcement of due-on-sale clauses.
Exempted from this preemption are some mortgage loans that were originated
o before October 15, 1982,
o for mortgaged properties in Minnesota, Michigan, New Mexico and Utah,
o by a lender that was not a federal savings and loan associations or a
federal savings bank.
However, the Garn-St Germain Act also provides for nine specific instances in
which a mortgage lender can not exercise a due-on-sale clause on a transfer of
the property. If a lender can not enforce a due-on-sale clause where the
mortgage loan has an interest rate below the current market rate, the loan will
be assumed by a new home buyer rather than being paid off. This may affect the
average life of the mortgage loans underlying a Series and the number of
mortgage loans that may be outstanding until maturity.
OTHER LIMITATIONS ON FORECLOSURE
Upon foreclosure, courts have imposed general equitable principles. The
equitable principles are generally designed to relieve the borrower from the
legal effect of his defaults under the loan documents. For example, courts have
o required lenders to take affirmative and expensive actions to determine the
causes for the borrower's default and the likelihood that the borrower will be
able to reinstate the loan,
o required lenders to reinstate loans or recast payment schedules in order to
accommodate borrowers who are suffering from temporary financial disability, and
o limited the lender's right to foreclose if the default is not monetary,
such as the borrower's failure to adequately maintain the property or the
borrower's execution of a second mortgage or deed of trust affecting the
property.
Courts have also been faced with the question whether federal or state
constitutional provisions reflecting due process concerns for adequate notice
require that homeowners receive notices in addition to the statutorily
prescribed minimums. For the most part, these cases have upheld the notice
provisions as being reasonable or have found that the sale by a trustee under a
deed of trust, or under a mortgage having a power of sale, does not involve
sufficient state action to afford constitutional protections to the borrower.
APPLICABILITY OF USURY LAWS
Title V of the Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act of
1980 (Title V), provides that state usury limitations will not apply to certain
types of residential first mortgage loans originated by certain lenders after
March 31, 1980. A similar federal statute was in effect for mortgage loans made
during the first three months of 1980. Title V authorized the states to reimpose
interest rate limits by adopting, before April 1, 1983, a law or constitutional
provision that expressly rejects an application of the federal law. In addition,
even where Title V is not so rejected, a state can limit discount points or
other charges on mortgage loans covered by Title V. Some states have reimposed
interest rate limits and/or limited discount points or other charges.
CFMSI will warrant to the Trustee on the closing date that each mortgage loan
was originated in compliance in all material respects with applicable state law,
including usury laws.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
Mortgaged properties will be subject to federal, state, and local environmental
protection laws. These laws may regulate
45
<PAGE>
o emissions of air pollutants,
o discharges of wastewater or storm water,
o generation, transport, storage or disposal of hazardous waste or hazardous
substances,
o operation, closure and removal of underground storage tanks,
o removal and disposal of asbestos-containing materials
o management of electrical or other equipment containing polychlorinated
biphenyls (popularly known as "PCBs").
Failure to comply with these laws can result in significant penalties, including
civil and criminal fines.
Under the laws of certain states, environmental contamination on a property
may give rise to a lien on the property to ensure the availability and/or
reimbursement of cleanup costs. Generally, all subsequent liens on the property
are subordinated to such a lien and, in some states, even prior recorded liens
are subordinated to such liens (superliens). The Trustee's security interest in
a property subject to a superlien could be adversely affected.
Under the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and
Liability Act (CERCLA), a secured party that takes a deed in lieu of
foreclosure, purchases a mortgaged property at a foreclosure sale, operates a
mortgaged property or undertakes certain types of activities that may constitute
"management" of the property may become liable in some circumstances for cleanup
costs if hazardous wastes or hazardous substances have been released or disposed
of on the property. Cleanup costs may be substantial and could exceed the value
of the property and the aggregate assets of the owner or operator. CERCLA
imposes strict, as well as joint and several, liability for environmental
remediation and/or damage costs on several classes of "potentially responsible
parties," including current "owners and/or operators" of property, regardless of
whether those owners or operators caused or contributed to contamination on the
property. In addition, owners and operators of properties that generate
hazardous substances that are disposed of at other off-site locations may be
held strictly, jointly and severally liable for environmental remediation and/or
damages at the off-site locations. Many states also have laws that are similar
to CERCLA. Liability under CERCLA or under similar state law could exceed the
value of the property itself as well as the aggregate assets of the property
owner.
The law is unclear as to whether and under what precise circumstances cleanup
costs, or the obligation to take remedial actions, could be imposed on a secured
lender such as the Trust. Under the laws of some states and under CERCLA, a
lender may be liable as an owner or operator for costs of addressing releases or
threatened releases of hazardous substances on a mortgaged property if the
lender or its agents or employees have "participated in the management" of the
operations of the borrower, even though the environmental damage or threat was
caused by a prior owner or current owner or operator or other third party.
Excluded from CERCLA's definition of "owner or operator," is a person "who
without participating in the management of . . . [the] facility, holds indicia
of ownership primarily to protect his security interest" (the secured creditor
exemption). This exemption for holders of a security interest such as a secured
lender applies only to the extent that the lender seeks to protect its security
interest in the contaminated facility or property. Thus, if a lender's
activities begin to encroach on the actual management of the facility or
property, the lender faces potential liability as an "owner or operator" under
CERCLA. Similarly, when a lender forecloses and takes title to a contaminated
facility or property, the lender may incur potential CERCLA liability if, for
example, it holds the facility or property as an investment (including leasing
the facility or property to a third party), fails to market the property in a
timely fashion or fails to properly address environmental conditions at the
property or facility.
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), contains a similar secured
creditor exemption for lenders who hold a security interest in petroleum
underground storage tanks (USTs) or in real estate containing a UST, or that
acquire title to a UST or facility or property on which such a UST is located.
As under CERCLA, a lender may lose its secured creditor exemption and be held
liable under RCRA as a UST owner or operator if such lender or its employees or
agents participate in the management of the UST. And, if the lender takes title
to or possession the UST or the real estate containing the UST, under certain
circumstances the secured creditor exemption may be unavailable.
Court decisions have taken varying views of the scope of the secured creditor
exemption, leading to administrative and legislative efforts to provide guidance
to lenders on the scope of activities that would trigger CERCLA and/or RCRA
liability. Until recently,
46
<PAGE>
these efforts have failed to provide substantial guidance.
In 1996, however, the President signed into law legislation intended to
clarify the scope of the secured creditor exemption under both CERCLA and RCRA.
This legislation more explicitly defined the kinds of "participation in
management" that would trigger liability under CERCLA and specified certain
activities that would not constitute "participation in management" or otherwise
result in a loss of the secured creditor exemption before foreclosure or during
a workout period. The legislation also clarifies the extent of protection
against foreclosure liability under CERCLA. The legislation also authorizes
regulatory clarifications of the scope of the secured creditor exemption for
purposes of RCRA, similar to the statutory protections under CERCLA. However,
since the courts have not yet had the opportunity to interpret the new statutory
provisions, the scope of the additional protections offered by the new law is
not fully defined. It also is important to note that the new legislation does
not offer complete protection to lenders and that risk of liability remains.
If a secured lender does become liable, it may be entitled to bring an action
for contribution against the owner or operator who created the environmental
contamination or against some other liable party, but that person or entity may
be bankrupt or otherwise judgment-proof. It is therefore possible that cleanup
or other environmental liability costs could become a liability of the Trust and
occasion a loss to the Trust and to Certificate holders in certain
circumstances. The new secured creditor amendments to CERCLA also affect the
potential for liability in actions by either a state or a private party under
other federal or state laws which may impose liability on "owners or operators"
but do not incorporate the secured creditor exemption.
Traditionally, residential mortgage lenders have not taken steps to evaluate
whether hazardous wastes or hazardous substances are present on a mortgaged
property prior to origination of the mortgage loan or prior to foreclosure or
accepting a deed in lieu of foreclosure. Neither CF MORTGAGE nor any originator
has made such evaluations prior to the origination of the mortgage loans, and CF
MORTGAGE does not require that originators who sell mortgage loans to it make
such evaluations. CF MORTGAGE is not required to undertake any such evaluations
prior to foreclosure or accepting a deed in lieu of foreclosure. CFMSI does not
make any representations or warranties or assume any liability with respect to:
the environmental condition of any mortgaged property; the absence or presence
of hazardous wastes or hazardous substances on a mortgaged property; any
casualty resulting from the presence or effect of hazardous wastes or hazardous
substances on, near or emanating from such property; or the impact of any
environmental condition or the presence of any substance on or near the property
on the performance of the mortgage loans or the compliance of a mortgaged
property with any environmental laws, nor is any agent, person or entity
otherwise affiliated with CFMSI authorized or able to make any such
representation, warranty or assumption of liability relating to a mortgaged
property.
USE OF PROCEEDS
CFMSI intends to use net proceeds from the sale of the Certificates to purchase
residential mortgage loans and for other general corporate purposes. These other
purposes may include repayment of indebtedness to Citicorp, its affiliates or
unaffiliated parties.
Certificates will be sold in Series from time to time. The timing and amount
of the sales will depend upon many factors, including the volume of mortgage
loans CFMSI acquires, prevailing interest rates, availability of funds and
general market conditions.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
CFMSI may offer and sell the Certificates either through agents or through
underwriters. CFMSI normally sells Certificates through underwriters. An
underwriter or agent that offers the Certificates may be an affiliate of CFMSI,
and offers and sales of Certificates may include secondary market transactions
by CFMSI affiliates. Affiliates may act as principal or agent in these
transactions. Sales will be at prices related to prevailing market prices at the
time of sale.
47
<PAGE>
The supplement sets forth the terms of the offering, including the names of
any underwriters or agents, the managing underwriters of any underwriting
syndicate, the net proceeds to CFMSI from the sale, and any securities exchange
on which the Certificates will be listed. CFMSI does not normally list
Certificates on any securities exchange. Dealer trading may take place in the
Certificates, including Certificates not listed on a securities exchange.
If underwriters are used in the sale of the Certificates, each underwriter
will acquire Certificates for its own account, and its Certificates may be
resold from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated
transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined
at the time of sale. The underwriters will be obligated to buy all Certificates
if any are bought.
CFMSI and CITIFINANCIAL may agree to indemnify underwriters, agents and their
controlling persons against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities
under the Securities Act of 1933, in connection with their participation in the
distribution of Certificates.
CFMSI anticipates that Certificates will be sold primarily to institutional
investors. A purchaser of Certificates, including a dealer, may be deemed to be
an "underwriter" of those securities under the Securities Act of 1933 in making
re-offers and sales by it of Certificates. Certificate holders should consult
their legal advisers as to the consequences of being deemed an "underwriter."
Underwriters and agents participating in the distribution of the
Certificates, and their affiliates, may engage in transactions with and perform
services for CITIFINANCIAL or its affiliates in the ordinary course of business.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
SEC FILINGS
All documents subsequently filed by CFMSI on behalf of the Trust with the
Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) pursuant to section 13(a), 13(c),
14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 before the termination of the
offering of the Certificates are incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
CFMSI will provide without charge to any person, including a beneficial owner
of Certificates, to whom a copy of this prospectus is delivered, a copy of any
document incorporated by reference in this prospectus (without exhibits, except
for exhibits incorporated by reference in the document). Written or telephone
requests for documents should be made to CitiFinancial Mortgage Securities Inc.,
300 St. Paul Place, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, telephone (410) 332-3607.
You may read and copy any materials CFMSI files with the SEC at the SEC's
public reference room at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may
obtain information on the operation of the public reference room by calling the
sec at 1-800-SEC-0330.
The SEC also maintains an Internet site at http://www.sec.gov that contains,
reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding
issuers that file electronically with the SEC, including CFMSI.
Our delivery of this prospectus or any document incorporated by reference at
any time does not imply that information in those documents is correct at any
time after their dates.
48
<PAGE>
INDEX OF DEFINED TERMS
100% SDA, S-
accrual classes, 3
ARMs, 5
balloon mortgage loan, 14
Bankruptcy Code, 45
beneficial owner, 27
book-entry securities, 27
CERCLA, 48
Certificates, 3
class percentage, S-
classes, 3
clean-up call, 10
clean-up call date, S-
CF MORTGAGE, 3
CFMSI, 3
collection period, 6
combined loan-to-value ratio, 16
compensating interest, 9
Conference Committee Report, 31
CPR, S-
credit score, 21
cut-off date, 6
debt burden, 21
debt-to-income ratio, 22
delinquency advance, 8
determination day, 6
distribution day, 6
DTC, 27
due date, 6
due-on-sale clause, 10
enhancement level, S-
ERISA, 6, 28
ERISA plans, 28
Euroclear, 26
events of default, 25
excess interest, S-
FDIC, 20
Fitch, S-
Freddie Mac, 4
fully amortizing mortgage loan, 14
Garn-St Germain Act, 47
homeowner, 6
IMC, 17
index interest rate, 14
interest funds, S-
interest-only, 3
IO, 3
IRA, 28
IRS, 31
LIBOR determination date, S-
liquidated loan, S-
loan-to-value ratio, 16
loss severity, S-
losses, 10
MBS, 4
Moody's, S-
mortgage loans, 3
mortgaged properties, 3
mortgagee, 39
mortgagor, 39
net loan rate, S-
non-U.S. person, 37
OID, 31
OID rules, 31
one-month LIBOR, S-
order of seniority, 10
order of subordination, 10
original issue discount, 31
outstanding, 10
overcollateralization, 18
parity, S-
percent of the prepayment model, S-
PO, 3
pool insurance, 18
pooling agreement, 26
prefunding account, 16
prepayment charge, 8
prepayment interest shortfall, 10
49
<PAGE>
prepayment model, S-
principal balance, 6
principal funds, S-
principal-only, 3
PTE 83-1, 28
PTE 95-60, 29
RCRA, 49
realized loss, S-
registered holder, 27
regular classes, 7
REMIC, 3
residual class, 7
retail class Certificate, 33
S&P, S-
scheduled payment, 6
scheduled principal balance, S-
SDA, S-
SEC, 51
secured creditor exemption, 49
securities intermediaries, 27
senior classes, 3, 10
Series, 3
servicer, 6
SMMEA, 29
special hazard insurance, 18
specified class A enhancement level, S-
standard default assumption, S-
step down date, S-
step down test, S-
structuring assumptions, S-
subordinated classes, 3, 10
subordination depletion date, S-
subordination level, S-
superliens, 48
targeted level, S-
trigger event, S-
Title V, 48
Trust, 3
Trustee, 3
UCC, 43
underwriter exemption, S-
UST, 49
variable rate Certificates, 33
50
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT A
LOAN PRODUCTS
The following is a summary description of the credit grade categories
used by CF Mortgage in its underwriting process, and their related credit
criteria. The underwriting process is described, and certain terms used in these
descriptions are defined, in the core prospectus under "Mortgage loan
underwriting". As noted in that discussion, the presence of additional favorable
credit factors allows departures from the criteria set forth below.
Under the "Credit History" criteria,
o "installment debt", means non-mortgage debt with fixed
payments over a fixed term, such as auto loans and leases and
student loans, as well as a prospective borrower's major debt
of a revolving nature (such as credit card debt), and
o "retail debt", means all debt of a revolving nature that is
not included in "installment debt".
In referring to delinquencies, when we say:
o "30 day", we mean a delinquency of at least 30 but no more
than 59 days,
o "60 day" means a delinquency of at least 60 but no more than
89 days,
o "90 day" means a delinquency of at least 90 but no more than
119 days, and
o "120 day" means a delinquency of 120 days or more.
Unless otherwise noted, all first mortgages may have a fixed or an adjustable
interest rate; all second mortgages are fixed rate. For second mortgages, the
"maximum LTV" criterion refers to the maximum combined loan-to-value ratio.
<PAGE>
Credit Grade Category: "AAA"
o Borrower Type: All.
o Maximum Debt-to-Income Ratio: 45%.
o Maximum Loan Size: $400,000.
o Loan Purpose: Purchase or refinance.
o Property Type: Primary residence only.
o Lien Position: First or second.
o Maximum LTV: 80%.
o Credit History: No 30-day delinquencies in prior
12 months on any mortgage or
installment debt; minor 30-day
delinquencies permitted on retail
debt during prior 12 months.
o Judgments/Charge-offs: No judgments or charge-offs except
for disputed medical charge-offs.
o Bankruptcy: Must be discharged more than 3
years from date of application with
satisfactory reestablishment of
credit.
o Minimum FICO Score: 650.
o Documentation Type: Full only.
o Cash out on Refinances: Permitted.
o Other Features: Fixed rate loans only.
<PAGE>
Credit Grade Category: "A+"
o Borrower Type: All.
o Maximum Debt-to-Income Ratio: 50%.
o Maximum Loan Size: $400,000 (primary residence),
$350,000 (other).
o Loan Purpose: Purchase or refinance.
o Property Type: All.
o Lien Position: First or second.
o Maximum LTV: 80% (owner occupied), 75% (other).
o Credit History: Same as "AAA".
o Judgments/Charge-offs: Same as "AAA".
o Bankruptcy: Same as "AAA".
o Minimum FICO Score: 500.
o Documentation Type: Full.
o Cash out on Refinances: Permitted.
o Other Features:
<PAGE>
Credit Grade Category: "A"
o Borrower Type: All.
o Maximum Debt-to-Income Ratio: 50%.
o Maximum Loan Size: Same as "A+".
o Loan Purpose: Purchase or refinance.
o Property Type: All.
o Lien Position: First or second.
o Maximum LTV: 80% (owner occupied), 70% (other).
o Credit History: No more than one 30-day delinquency
permitted on all mortgages during
prior 12 months; some minor 30-day
delinquencies permitted during
prior 12 months on installment and
retail debt.
o Judgments/Charge-offs: None in the prior 24 months and any
open balances must be paid;
disputed medical charge-offs
acceptable.
o Bankruptcy: Same as "AAA".
o Minimum FICO Score: 500.
o Documentation Type: Full.
o Cash out on Refinances: Permitted.
o Other Features:
<PAGE>
Credit Grade Category: "A-"
o Borrower Type: All.
o Maximum Debt-to-Income Ratio: 50%.
o Maximum Loan Size: Same as "A+".
o Loan Purpose: Purchase or refinance.
o Property Type: All.
o Lien Position: First or second.
o Maximum LTV: 80% (owner occupied), 70% (other).
o Credit History: No more than two 30-day
delinquencies permitted on all
mortgages during prior 12 months;
some minor 30-day or 60-day
delinquencies permitted on
installment and retail debt during
prior 12 months.
o Judgments/Charge-offs: No charge-offs or judgments in
prior 12 months and any open
balances must be paid; recent
federal tax liens are considered on
case-by-case basis; any delinquent
property taxes must be paid from
loan proceeds; disputed medical
charge-offs acceptable.
o Bankruptcy: Must be discharged two years or
more from date of application with
satisfactory reestablishment of
credit.
o Minimum FICO Score: 500.
o Documentation Type: Full.
o Cash out on Refinances: Permitted.
o Other Features:
<PAGE>
Credit Grade Category: "B"
o Borrower Type: All.
o Maximum Debt-to-Income Ratio: 50%.
o Maximum Loan Size: $350,000 (primary residence),
$250,000 (other).
o Loan Purpose: Purchase or refinance.
o Property Types: All.
o Lien Position: First or second.
o Maximum LTV: 80% (owner occupied), 70% (other).
o Credit History: No more than three 30-day
delinquencies on all mortgages
during prior 12 months; some minor
30-, 60- or 90-day delinquencies
permitted on installment and retail
debt during prior 12 months.
o Judgments/Charge-offs: No charge-offs, liens or
repossessions within prior 12
months; any open balances in excess
of $1,000 or on the title to the
mortgaged property must be paid
before any cash-out.
o Bankruptcy: Same as "A-".
o Minimum FICO Score: 500.
o Documentation Type: Full.
o Cash out on Refinances: Permitted.
o Other Features:
<PAGE>
Credit Grade Category: "B-"
o Borrower Type: All.
o Maximum Debt-to-Income Ratio: 50%.
o Maximum Loan Size: $250,000 (primary residence),
$200,000 (other).
o Loan Purpose: Refinance only.
o Property Type: All.
o Lien Position: First or second.
o Maximum LTV: 80% (owner occupied), 65% (other).
o Credit History: Up to four 30-day delinquencies, or
one 60-day delinquency, on all
mortgages during prior 12 months;
some 30-, 60- or 90-day
delinquencies permitted for
installment debt during prior 12
months; some 30-, 60-, 90- and
120-day delinquencies permitted for
retail debt during prior 12 months.
o Judgments/Charge-offs: Same as "B".
o Bankruptcy: Same as "A-".
o Minimum FICO Score: 500.
o Documentation Type: Full.
o Cash out on Refinances: Permitted.
o Other Features:
<PAGE>
Credit Grade Category: "C"
o Borrower Type: All.
o Maximum Debt-to-Income Ratio: 50%.
o Maximum Loan Size: $250,000 (primary residence),
$200,000 (other).
o Loan Purpose: Refinance only.
o Property Type: All.
o Lien Position: First or second.
o Maximum LTV: 80% (owner occupied), 65% (other).
o Credit History: Same as "B-".
o Judgments/Charge-offs: Same as "B".
o Bankruptcy: Same as "A-".
o Minimum FICO Score: 550.
o Documentation Type: Full.
o Cash out on Refinances: $10,000 or 10% of loan amount,
whichever is less.
o Other Features: Fixed rate loans only.
<PAGE>
Credit Grade Category: "C-"
o Borrower Type: All.
o Maximum Debt-to-Income Ratio: 50%.
o Maximum Loan Size: $250,000.
o Loan Purpose: Refinance only.
o Property Type: Primary residence only, no
condominiums.
o Lien Position: First only.
o Maximum LTV: 70%.
o Credit History: No more than one 90-day
delinquency on all mortgages during
prior 12 months; some 30-, 60-, 90-
and 120-day delinquencies permitted
on installment and retail debt
during prior 12 months.
o Judgments/Charge-offs: Permitted, delinquent federal or
property taxes and repossessions
must be discharged if homeowner is
to receive any cash.
o Bankruptcy: Must be discharged at least one
year prior to application.
o Minimum FICO Score: 500.
o Documentation Type: Full.
o Cash out on Refinances: Same as "C".
o Other Features: Fixed rate loans only.
<PAGE>
Credit Grade Category: "A+ 24"
o Borrower Type: Self-employed (minimum 3 years).
o Maximum Debt-to-Income Ratio: 50%.
o Maximum Loan Size: $400,000 (primary residence),
$350,000 (other).
o Loan Purpose: Purchase or refinance.
o Property Type: All.
o Lien Position: First or second.
o Maximum LTV: 80% (owner occupied), 75% (other).
o Credit History: No 30-day delinquency in prior 12
months on any mortgage or
installment debt; minor 30-day
delinquencies permitted on retail
debt during prior 12 months.
o Judgments/Charge-offs: None permitted.
o Bankruptcy: Must be discharged at least 3
years from date of application,
with satisfactory re-establishment
of credit.
o Minimum FICO Score: 500.
o Documentation Type: 24-month Bank Statement.
o Cash out on Refinances: Permitted.
o Other Features:
<PAGE>
Credit Grade Category: "A 24"
o Borrower Type: Self-employed (minimum 3 years).
o Maximum Debt-to-Income Ratio: 50%.
o Maximum Loan Size: $400,000 (primary residence),
$350,000 (other).
o Loan Purpose: Purchase or refinance.
o Property Type: All.
o Lien Position: First or second.
o Maximum LTV: 80% (owner occupied), 70% (other).
o Credit History: No more than one 30-day delinquency
on all mortgages in prior 12
months; some minor 30-day
delinquencies permitted on
installment and retail debt during
prior 12 months.
o Judgments/Charge-offs: None in prior 24 months, any open
balances must be paid.
o Bankruptcy: Same as "A+ 24".
o Minimum FICO Score: 500.
o Documentation Type: 24-month Bank Statement.
o Cash out on Refinances: Permitted.
o Other Features:
<PAGE>
Credit Grade Category: "A- 24"
o Borrower Type: Self-employed (minimum 3 years).
o Maximum Debt-to-Income Ratio: 50%.
o Maximum Loan Size: $400,000 (primary residence),
$350,000 (other).
o Loan Purpose: Purchase or refinance.
o Property Type: All.
o Lien Position: First or second.
o Maximum LTV: 80% (owner occupied), 70% (other).
o Credit History: No more than two 30-day
delinquencies on all mortgages in
prior 12 months; some 30- or 60-day
delinquencies permitted on
installment and retail debt in
prior 12 months.
o Judgments/Charge-offs: Same as "A 24", except covers
only prior 12 months, and recent
federal tax liens are considered on
a case-by-case basis and delinquent
property taxes must be paid from
proceeds.
o Bankruptcy: Must be discharged at least 2 years
before loan application with
satisfactory re-established credit.
o Minimum FICO Score: 500.
o Documentation Type: 24-month Bank Statement.
o Cash out on Refinances: Permitted.
o Other Features:
<PAGE>
Credit Grade Category: "A+ NIQ" (Non-Income Qualifying)
o Borrower Type: Self-employed (minimum 3 years).
o Maximum Debt-to-Income Ratio: 50%.
o Maximum Loan Size: $350,000 (primary residence),
$250,000 (other).
o Loan Purpose: Purchase or refinance.
o Property Type: All.
o Lien Position: First only.
o Maximum Combined LTV: 80% (owner occupied), 70% (other).
o Credit History: Same as "A+".
o Judgments/Charge-offs: None permitted.
o Bankruptcy: Same as "A+ ".
o Minimum FICO Score: 500.
o Documentation Type: NIQ.
o Cash out on Refinances: Permitted.
o Other Features:
<PAGE>
Credit Grade Category: "A NIQ" (Non-Income Qualifying)
o Borrower Type: Self-employed (minimum 3 years).
o Maximum Debt-to-Income Ratio: 50%.
o Maximum Loan Size: $350,000 (primary residence),
$250,000 (other).
o Loan Purpose: Purchase or refinance.
o Property Type: All.
o Lien Position: First only.
o Maximum LTV: 75% (owner occupied), 70% (other).
o Credit History: Same as "A".
o Judgments/Charge-offs: None in prior 24 months, open
balances must be paid.
o Bankruptcy: Same as "A+ ".
o Minimum FICO Score: 500.
o Documentation Type: NIQ.
o Cash out on Refinances: Permitted.
o Other Features:
<PAGE>
Credit Grade Category: "A- NIQ" (Non-Income Qualifying)
o Borrower Type: Self-employed (minimum 3 years).
o Maximum Debt-to-Income Ratio: 50%.
o Maximum Loan Size: $350,000 (primary residence),
$250,000 (other).
o Loan Purpose: Purchase or refinance.
o Property Type: All.
o Lien Position: First only.
o Maximum LTV: 70% (owner occupied), 65% (other).
o Credit History: Same as "A-".
o Judgments/Charge-offs: Same as "A-".
o Bankruptcy: Same as "A- ".
o Minimum FICO Score: 500.
o Documentation Type: NIQ.
o Cash out on Refinances: Permitted.
o Other Features:
<PAGE>
Credit Grade Category: "B NIQ" (Non-Income Qualifying)
o Borrower Type: Self-employed (minimum 3 years).
o Maximum Debt-to-Income Ratio: 50%.
o Maximum Loan Size: $350,000 (primary residence),
$200,000 (other).
o Loan Purpose: Purchase or refinance.
o Property Type: All.
o Lien Position: First only.
o Maximum LTV: 70% (owner occupied), 65%(other).
o Credit History: Same as "B".
o Judgments/Charge-offs: Same as "B".
o Bankruptcy: Same as "B ".
o Minimum FICO Score: 585.
o Documentation Type: NIQ.
o Cash out on Refinances: Permitted.
o Other Features:
<PAGE>
Credit Grade Category: "A+ 1003 Stated"
o Borrower Type: Salaried (minimum 3 years
employment).
o Maximum Debt-to-Income Ratio: 50%.
o Maximum Loan Size: $300,000 (primary residence),
$250,000 (other).
o Loan Purpose: Purchase or refinance.
o Property Type: All.
o Lien Position: First only.
o Maximum LTV: 80% (owner occupied), 70% (other).
o Credit History: Same as "A+".
o Judgments/Charge-offs: Same as "A+".
o Bankruptcy: Same as "A+".
o Minimum FICO Score: 500.
o Documentation Type: Application only.
o Cash out on Refinances: Permitted.
o Other Features: Fixed rate loans only.
<PAGE>
Credit Grade Category: "A 1003 Stated"
o Borrower Type: Salaried (minimum 3 years
employment).
o Maximum Debt-to-Income Ratio: 50%.
o Maximum Loan Size: $300,000 (primary residence),
$250,000 (other).
o Loan Purpose: Purchase or refinance.
o Property Type: All.
o Lien Position: First only.
o Maximum LTV: 75% (owner occupied), 70% (other).
o Credit History: Same as "A".
o Judgments/Charge-offs: Same as "A".
o Bankruptcy: Same as "A".
o Minimum FICO Score: 500.
o Documentation Type: Application only.
o Cash out on Refinances: Permitted.
o Other Features: Fixed rate loans only.
<PAGE>
Credit Grade Category: "A- 1003 Stated"
o Borrower Type: Salaried (minimum 3 years
employment).
o Maximum Debt-to-Income Ratio: 50%.
o Maximum Loan Size: $300,000 (primary residence),
$250,000 (other).
o Loan Purpose: Purchase or refinance.
o Property Type: All.
o Lien Position: First only.
o Maximum LTV: 70% (owner occupied), 65% (other).
o Credit History: Same as "A-".
o Judgments/Charge-offs: Same as "A-".
o Bankruptcy: Same as "A-".
o Minimum FICO Score: 500.
o Documentation Type: Application only.
o Cash out on Refinances: Permitted.
o Other Features: Fixed rate loans only.
<PAGE>
Credit Grade Category: "B 1003 Stated"
o Borrower Type: Salaried (minimum 3 years
employment).
o Maximum Debt-to-Income Ratio: 50%.
o Maximum Loan Size: $300,000 (primary residence),
$250,000 (other).
o Loan Purpose: Purchase or refinance.
o Property Type: All.
o Lien Position: First only.
o Maximum LTV: 65% (owner occupied), 60% (other).
o Credit History: Same as "B".
o Judgments/Charge-offs: Same as "B".
o Bankruptcy: Same as "B".
o Minimum FICO Score: 585.
o Documentation Type: Application only.
o Cash out on Refinances: Permitted.
o Other Features: Fixed rate loans only.
<PAGE>
Credit Grade Category: "100% First"
o Borrower Type: All.
o Maximum Debt-to-Income Ratio: 45%.
o Maximum Loan Size: $175,000 ($200,000 California).
o Loan Purpose: Refinance only.
o Property Type: Owner occupied single family only
(minimum 2 years residence).
o Lien Position: First only.
o Maximum LTV: 100%.
o Credit History: Same as "AAA".
o Judgments/Charge-offs: Prior judgment/charge-offs
unacceptable.
o Bankruptcy: Prior bankruptcy unacceptable.
o Minimum FICO Score: 625.
o Documentation Type: Full.
o Cash out on Refinances: Permitted, up to 10% of loan
amount.
o Other Features: Fixed rate loans only, no balloon
loans.
<PAGE>
Credit Grade Category: "100% Second"
o Borrower Type: All.
o Maximum Debt-to-Income Ratio: 45%.
o Maximum Loan Size: $50,000 (primary residence only).
o Loan Purpose: Refinance only.
o Property Type: Owner occupied single family only
(minimum 2 years residence).
o Lien Position: Second only.
o Maximum LTV: 100%.
o Credit History: Same as "AAA".
o Judgments/Charge-offs: Same as "100% First".
o Bankruptcy: Same as "100% First".
o Minimum FICO Score: 650.
o Documentation Type: Full.
o Cash out on Refinances: Permitted, up to 15% of loan
amount.
o Other Features: Fixed rate loans only, no balloon
loans.
<PAGE>
Credit Grade Category: "A95%"
o Borrower Type: All.
o Maximum Debt-to-Income Ratio: 45%.
o Maximum Loan Size: $175,000.
o Loan Purpose: Purchase or refinance.
o Property Type: Owner occupied single family only
(minimum 2 years residence for
refinance).
o Lien Position: First only.
o Maximum LTV: 95%.
o Credit History: Same as "AAA".
o Judgments/Charge-offs: Same as "100% First".
o Bankruptcy: Same as "100% First".
o Minimum FICO Score: 650.
o Documentation Type: Full.
o Cash out on Refinances: Permitted, up to 10% of loan
amount.
o Other Features: Fixed rate loans only.
<PAGE>
Credit Grade Category: "A90%"
o Borrower Type: All.
o Maximum Debt-to-Income Ratio: 45%.
o Maximum Loan Size: $250,000.
o Loan Purpose: Purchase or refinance.
o Property Type: Owner occupied single family
residence only.
o Lien Position: First only.
o Maximum LTV: 90%.
o Credit History: Same as "A".
o Judgments/Charge-offs: Same as "A".
o Bankruptcy: Discharged at least 5 years before
application, with satisfactory re-
established credit.
o Minimum FICO Score: 500.
o Documentation Type: Full.
o Cash out on Refinances: Permitted, up to 10% of loan
amount.
o Other Features: No primary mortgage insurance
required.
<PAGE>
Credit Grade Category: "A85%"
o Borrower Type: All.
o Maximum Debt-to-Income Ratio: 45%.
o Maximum Loan Size: $350,000 (primary residence only).
o Loan Purpose: Purchase or refinance.
o Property Type: Owner occupied only.
o Lien Position: First or second.
o Maximum LTV: 85%.
o Credit History: Same as "A".
o Judgments/Charge-offs: Same as "A".
o Bankruptcy: Same as "A".
o Minimum FICO Score: 500.
o Documentation Type: Full.
o Cash out on Refinances: Permitted.
o Other Features: No second priority balloon loans;
second priority loans maximum term
is 15 years.
<PAGE>
Credit Grade Category: "B85%"
o Borrower Type: All.
o Maximum Debt-to-Income Ratio: 45%.
o Maximum Loan Size: $350,000 (primary residence only).
o Loan Purpose: Purchase or refinance.
o Property Type: Owner occupied only.
o Lien Position: First or second.
o Maximum LTV: 85%.
o Credit History: No more than three 30-day
delinquencies on all mortgages
during prior 12 months; one 30-day
delinquency permitted on
installment and retail debt during
prior 12 months.
o Judgments/Charge-offs: Same as "B".
o Bankruptcy: Same as "B".
o Minimum FICO Score: 500.
o Documentation Type: Full.
o Cash out on Refinances: Permitted.
o Other Features: No second priority balloon loans;
second priority loans maximum term
is 15 years.
<PAGE>
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The following is an itemized list of the estimated expenses to be incurred
in connection with the offering of the Certificates other than underwriting
discounts and commissions.
SEC filing fee................................................ $792,000*
Printing and engraving expenses............................... 300,000*
Accounting fees and expenses.................................. 200,000*
Legal fees and expenses....................................... 250,000*
Trustee fees and expenses..................................... 100,000*
Rating agency fees............................................ 300,000*
Miscellaneous................................................. 158,000*
--------
Total.................................................... $2,100,000*
* Estimated.
Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
The Issuer's Certificate of Incorporation provides that the Issuer
shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be
made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or
proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative
(other than an action by or in the right of the Issuer) by reason of the
fact that he is or was a director or officer of the Issuer against
expenses (including attorney's fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in
settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with such
action, suit or proceeding if he acted in good faith and in a manner he
reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the
Issuer, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no
reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. The Issuer's
Certificate of Incorporation also provides that termination of any such
action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or
upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself,
create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a
manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best
interests of the Issuer, and, with respect to any criminal action or
proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.
The Issuer's Certificate of Incorporation further provides that the
Issuer shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened
to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit
by or in the right of the Issuer to procure a judgment in its favor by
reason of the fact that he is or was a director or officer of the Issuer
against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably
incurred by him in connection with the defense or settlement of such
action or suit if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably
believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Issuer and
except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim,
issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be
liable to the Issuer unless and only to the extent that the Court of
Chancery of the State of Delaware or the court in which such action or
suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the
adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the
case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such
expenses which the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or such
other court shall deem proper.
<PAGE>
The Issuer's Certificate of Incorporation provides that any
indemnification thereunder (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by
the Issuer only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination
that indemnification of the director or officer is proper in the
circumstances because he has met the applicable standard of conduct set
forth therein. Such determination shall be made (a) by the Board of
Directors by a majority vote of a quorum (as defined in the by-laws of the
Issuer) consisting of directors who were not parties to such action, suit
or proceeding, or (b) if such quorum is not obtainable, or, even if
obtainable, a quorum of disinterested directors so directs, by independent
legal counsel in a written opinion, or (c) by the stockholders.
The Issuer's Certificate of Incorporation provides that the
indemnification and advancement of expenses provided for therein shall not
be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which the indemnified party may
be entitled and empowers the Issuer to purchase and maintain insurance, in
such amounts as the Board of Directors deems appropriate, on behalf of any
person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Issuer,
or of any corporation a majority of the voting stock of which is owned by
the Issuer, or is serving at the request of the Issuer as a director,
officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint
venture, trust or other enterprise, against any liability asserted against
him and incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of his status
as such, whether or not the Issuer would have the power or would be
required to indemnify him against such liability under the provisions of
the Issuer's Certificate of Incorporation or of the General Corporation
Law of the State of Delaware.
The Issuer's Certificate of Incorporation provides that a director
of the Issuer shall not be personally liable to the Issuer or its
stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a
director, except to the extent such exemption from liability or
limitations thereof is not permitted under the Delaware General
Corporation Law as the same exists or may hereafter be amended; and that
any repeal or modification of the foregoing provision by the stockholders
of the Issuer shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a
director of the Issuer existing at the time of such repeal or
modification.
a. Insurance. Pursuant to Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of
Delaware, liability insurance is maintained covering directors and
principal officers of the Issuer.
Item 16. Exhibits.
1.1 _ Form of Underwriting Agreement
4.1 _ Form of Pooling and Servicing Agreement with respect to REMIC
Certificates*
4.2 _ Standard Terms of Pooling and Servicing Agreements with respect to
REMIC Certificates*
4.3 _ Form of Custodial Agreement*
5.1 _ Opinion of John R. Dye, Esq. with respect to the Certificates being
registered.*
8.1 _ Opinion of Rona Daniels, Esq. with respect to certain tax matters.*
23.1 _ Consents of John R. Dye, Esq., and Rona Daniels, Esq. are contained in
their opinions filed herewith as Exhibits 5.1 and 8.1, respectively.*
--------------
* To be filed by amendment.
<PAGE>
Item 17. Undertakings.
(a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being
made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the
Securities Act of 1933;
(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after
the effective date of this registration statement (or the most recent
post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate,
represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in this
registration statement;
(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan
of distribution not previously disclosed in this registration statement or
any material change to such information in this registration statement.
(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the
Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed
to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered
therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed
to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective
amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at
the termination of the offering.
(b) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the
Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers or persons
controlling the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions or
otherwise, the registrant has been informed that in the opinion of the
Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public
policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore,
unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such
liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred
or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in
the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by
such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the
securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of
its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit
to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such
indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the
Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of
such issue.
<PAGE>
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933,
CitiFinancial Mortgage Securities Inc. certifies that it has reasonable grounds
to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has
duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized in the City of Baltimore, State of
Maryland, on March 8, 2000.
CITIFINANCIAL MORTGAGE SECURITIES INC.
By:/s/ Martin J. Wong
------------------
Martin J. Wong
President
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this
Registration Statement has been signed on March 8, 2000 by the following
persons in the capacities indicated.
Each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and
appoints each of Martin J. Wong and Jeffery J. Carter, jointly and severally,
his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, each with full power of
substitution and resubstitution, to sign any and all amendments to this
registration statement and to file the same with all exhibits thereto and other
documents in connection therewith with the Securities and Exchange Commission,
which amendments may make such changes in the registration statement as such
attorney-in-fact and agent deems appropriate, granting unto said
attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to so
and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as
fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person. Each person
whose signature appears below hereby ratifies and confirms all that each of said
attorneys-in-fact and agents or their substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be
done by virtue hereof.
Signature Capacity
--------- --------
/s/ Martin J. Wong
--------------------- President
(Martin J. Wong) and a Director
(Principal Executive
Officer)
/s/ Jeffery J. Carter
--------------------- Treasurer and a Director
(Jeffery J. Carter) (Principal Financial Officer)
/s/ James P. Murphy
--------------------- Director
(James P. Murphy)
/s/ Robert M. Hurley
--------------------- Vice President
(Robert M. Hurley) (Principal Accounting Officer)
<PAGE>
CITIFINANCIAL MORTGAGE SECURITIES INC.
REMIC PASS-THROUGH CERTIFICATES, SERIES 2000-
UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
__________, 2000
To: [Name], as Underwriter
[address]
New York, New York 10000
Ladies and Gentlemen:
CitiFinancial Mortgage Securities Inc., a Delaware corporation
("CFMSI"), proposes to sell to you, as underwriter (the "Underwriter"), REMIC
Pass-Through Certificates (the "offered Certificates"), comprised of the classes
of Certificates set forth in Schedule I hereto evidencing ownership interests in
a trust (the "Trust") consisting of the mortgage loans described in Schedule I
(the "Mortgage Loans") originated or acquired by CitiFinancial Mortgage Company
("CFMC") and having, as of the close of business on the date specified in
Schedule I as the cut-off date (the "Cut-Off Date"), the aggregate principal
balance set forth in such Schedule I and related property. An election will be
made to treat the Trust, or one or more segregated pools of assets within the
Trust, as one or more real estate mortgage investment conduits (each a "REMIC")
for purposes of federal income taxation. The offered Certificates will represent
regular interests in a REMIC. The Mortgage Loans are to be conveyed to CFMSI
pursuant to a mortgage loan purchase agreement, to be dated as of the Cut-Off
Date (the "Mortgage Loan Purchase Agreement"), between CFMSI, as buyer, and
CFMC, as seller. The offered Certificates are to be issued under a pooling and
servicing agreement (the "Pooling Agreement"), dated as of the Cut-Off Date,
between CFMSI, as depositor, CFMC, as servicer, and _______________
("[trustee]"), [in its individual capacity and] as trustee (in such capacity,
the "Trustee"). The offered Certificates will be issued in the denominations
specified in Schedule I.
1. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES. CFMSI represents and warrants
to the Underwriter that:
(a) A registration statement (File No. 333-_____) on Form S-3 has been
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") and has
become effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act"); such
registration statement includes a prospectus which, as supplemented, shall be,
and may include a preliminary prospectus supplement which, as completed, is
proposed to be, used in connection with the sale of the offered Certificates.
The registration statement, as amended to the date of this Agreement, is
hereinafter referred to as the "Registration Statement"; such prospectus (which
shall be in the form in which it has most recently been filed, as the same is
proposed to be added to or changed), as first supplemented by a prospectus
supplement relating to the offered Certificates, filed, or transmitted for
filing, with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424 under the Act and used in
connection with the sale of the offered Certificates, is hereinafter referred to
as the "Prospectus" and such prospectus supplement is hereinafter referred to as
the "Prospectus Supplement". Any reference herein to the Registration Statement
or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents
incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3 which were
filed under
1
<PAGE>
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), on or
before the date hereof; and any reference herein to the terms "amend",
"amendment" or "supplement" with respect to the Registration Statement or the
Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the filing of any document
under the Exchange Act deemed to be incorporated by reference therein after the
date hereof.
(b) The Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as of the date of
the Prospectus Supplement, and any revisions or amendments thereof or
supplements thereto filed prior to the termination of the offering of the
offered Certificates, as of their respective effective or issue dates, conformed
or will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Act and the
rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder applicable to such documents
as of such respective dates, and the Registration Statement and the Prospectus
as revised, amended or supplemented as of the Closing Date (as defined in
Section 3), will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Act
and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder applicable to such
documents to be used as of the Closing Date; and no such document, as of such
respective dates and, in the case of the Prospectus and any revisions or
amendments thereof or supplements thereto filed prior to the Closing Date, as of
the Closing Date, included or will include any untrue statement of a material
fact or omitted or will omit to state a material fact necessary to make the
statements therein in the light of the circumstances under which they were made,
not misleading; provided, however, that CFMSI makes no representations,
warranties or agreements as to (i) the information contained in or omitted from
the Prospectus or any revision or amendment thereof or supplement thereto in
reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to CFMSI
by or on behalf of the Underwriter specifically for use in connection with the
preparation of the Prospectus or any revision or amendment thereof or supplement
thereto, consisting solely of such Underwriter's statements as are included in
Schedule I hereto or (ii) any information in any Computational Materials or ABS
Term Sheets (each as defined in Section 7(b)) provided by the Underwriter.
(c) As of the Closing Date, each of this Agreement and the Pooling
Agreement will have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by CFMSI and
the Pooling Agreement will have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by
CFMC and, assuming the valid execution of the Pooling Agreement by [trustee],
[in its individual capacity and] as Trustee, each such agreement will constitute
a valid and binding agreement of CFMSI and (in the case of the Pooling
Agreement) CFMC enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as the same may
be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other laws relating to
or affecting the enforcement of creditors' rights and by general equity
principles.
(d) Each of CFMSI and CFMC has been duly organized and is validly
existing in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with
corporate power and authority to own its properties and conduct its business as
described in the Prospectus.
2. PURCHASE AND SALE. Subject to the terms and conditions and in
reliance upon the representations and warranties herein set forth, CFMSI agrees
to sell to the Underwriter, and the Underwriter agrees to purchase from CFMSI,
all of the offered Certificates at the purchase price set forth in Schedule I
hereto.
3. DELIVERY AND PAYMENT. Delivery of and payment for the offered
Certificates shall be made at the place, on the date and at the time specified
in Schedule I hereto, which place, date and time may be changed by agreement
among the Underwriter and CFMSI (such date and time of delivery of and payment
for the offered Certificates being referred to as the "Closing Date"). Unless
otherwise specified in Schedule I, delivery of one certificate representing each
class of offered Certificates or, if there are Subclasses of offered
Certificates, one certificate representing each Subclass of such class of
offered Certificates shall be made to the account of the Underwriter against
payment by the Underwriter of the purchase price therefor to or upon the order
of CFMSI in the manner provided in Schedule I hereto. Unless otherwise specified
in Schedule I, the certificates to be so delivered shall be registered in the
name
2
<PAGE>
of Cede & Co., as nominee for The Depository Trust Company ("DTC"), and the
interests of beneficial owners of such offered Certificates will be represented
by book entries on the records of DTC and participating members thereof. Unless
otherwise specified in Schedule I, definitive certificates representing the
offered Certificates will be available only under limited circumstances.
CFMSI agrees to have the offered Certificates available for inspection,
checking and packaging by the Underwriter in New York, New York, one business
day prior to the Closing Date.
4. AGREEMENTS BY UNDERWRITER. (a) The Underwriter proposes to offer the
offered Certificates for sale as set forth in the Prospectus.
(b) The Underwriter represents and warrants to and agrees with CFMSI,
as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date, as applicable, that:
(i) (x) if the Underwriter provides any Collateral Term Sheets
(as defined in the PSA No-Action Letter referred to in Section 7(b)) to
potential investors in the offered Certificates after the date hereof,
then in each such case the Underwriter will deliver a copy of such
materials to CFMSI, and (y) the Underwriter will deliver to CFMSI two
copies of all Computational Materials or ABS Term Sheets delivered to
such potential investors, except for any Computational Materials and
ABS Term Sheets which are not required to be filed with the Commission
in accordance with the Kidder No-Action Letter and the PSA No-Action
Letter (collectively, the "No-Action Letters"), not later than noon on
the fifth business day preceding the Closing Date;
(ii) the Computational Materials (either in original,
aggregated or consolidated form) and ABS Term Sheets furnished to CFMSI
as contemplated in Section 4(b)(i) will constitute all such materials
relating to the offered Certificates required to be filed with the
Commission furnished by the Underwriter (whether in written, electronic
or other format) to prospective investors in the offered Certificates
prior to the Closing Date, and all Computational Materials and ABS Term
Sheets provided or to be provided by the Underwriter to potential
investors in the offered Certificates comply with the requirements of
the No-Action Letters;
(iii) on and after the date hereof, the Underwriter will
provide to potential investors in the offered Certificates Collateral
Term Sheets containing no collateral information other than that set
forth in CFMSI's Form 8-K filed as described in Section 5(g);
(iv) on the dates any such Computational Materials and/or ABS
Term Sheets with respect to the offered Certificates referred to in
Section 4(b) (i) are filed pursuant to Section 5(f), such Computational
Materials and/or ABS Term Sheets will not include any untrue statement
of a material fact or, when read in conjunction with the Prospectus,
omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or
necessary to make the statements therein not misleading (other than any
untrue statement or omission resulting directly from a Collateral
Error);
(v) at the time any Computational Materials or ABS Term Sheets
with respect to the offered Certificates are furnished to a prospective
investor, the Underwriter possessed, and on the date of delivery of
such materials to CFMSI pursuant to or as contemplated by this Section
4 and on the Closing Date, the Underwriter will possess, the
capability, knowledge, expertise, resources and systems of internal
control necessary to ensure that such Computational Materials and/or
ABS Term Sheets conform to the representations and warranties of the
Underwriter contained in subparagraphs (ii) and (iv) above of this
paragraph;
3
<PAGE>
(vi) all Computational Materials and ABS Term Sheets with
respect to the offered Certificates furnished by the Underwriter to
potential investors after the date hereof will contain a legend,
prominently displayed on the first page thereof, to the effect that
CitiFinancial Credit Company ("CitiFinancial"), CFMSI and CFMC have not
prepared, reviewed or participated in the preparation of such
Computational Materials or ABS Term Sheets, are not responsible for the
accuracy thereof and have not authorized the dissemination thereof;
(vii) all Collateral Term Sheets with respect to the offered
Certificates furnished by the Underwriter to potential investors
contained or will contain a legend, prominently displayed on the first
page thereof, indicating that the information contained therein will be
superseded by the description of the Mortgage Loans contained in the
Prospectus Supplement and, except in the case of the initial Collateral
Term Sheet, that such information supersedes the information in all
prior Collateral Term Sheets; and
(viii) on and after the date on which the Prospectus has been
filed with the Commission as provided in Section 5(a), the Underwriter
shall not deliver or authorize the delivery of any Computational
Materials, ABS Term Sheets or other materials relating to the offered
Certificates (whether in written, electronic or other format) to any
potential investor unless such potential investor has received a
Prospectus prior to or at the same time as the delivery of such
Computational Materials, ABS Term Sheets or other materials.
(c) the Underwriter acknowledges and agrees that CFMSI and CFMC have
not authorized and will not authorize the distribution of any Computational
Materials or ABS Term Sheets with respect to the offered Certificates to any
prospective investor and agrees that any such Computational Materials and/or ABS
Term Sheets furnished to prospective investors shall include a disclaimer in the
form set forth in paragraph (b)(vi) above. The Underwriter agrees that it will
not represent to potential investors that any Computational Materials and/or ABS
Term Sheets with respect to the offered Certificates were prepared or
disseminated on behalf of CitiFinancial, CFMSI or CFMC.
5. AGREEMENTS BY CFMSI. CFMSI agrees with the Underwriter that:
(a) CFMSI will cause the Prospectus to be filed, or transmitted for
filing, with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424 under the Act and will promptly
advise the Underwriter when the Prospectus has been so filed, or transmitted for
filing, and, prior to the termination of the offering of the offered
Certificates, will also promptly advise the Underwriter (i) when any amendment
to the Registration Statement relating to the offered Certificates has become
effective or any revision of or supplement to the Prospectus has been so filed
or transmitted for filing (unless such amendment, revision or supplement does
not relate to the offered Certificates), (ii) of any request by the Commission
for any amendment of the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or for any
additional information, (iii) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop
order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the
institution or threatening of any proceeding for that purpose and (iv) of the
receipt by CFMSI of any notification with respect to the suspension of the
qualification of the offered Certificates for sale in any jurisdiction or the
initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose. CFMSI will use its
best efforts to prevent the issuance of any such stop order and, if issued, to
obtain as soon as possible the withdrawal thereof. CFMSI will not file or
transmit for filing prior to the termination of such offering any amendment to
the Registration Statement or any revision of or supplement to the Prospectus
(other than any such amendment, revision or supplement which does not relate to
the offered Certificates) unless a copy has been furnished to the Underwriter
for its review prior to such filing or transmission for filing.
(b) If, at any time when a prospectus relating to the offered
Certificates is required to be delivered under the Act, (i) any event occurs as
a result of which the Prospectus, as then amended or supplemented, would include
any untrue statement of a material fact
4
<PAGE>
or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein in the
light of the circumstances under which they were made not misleading, or (ii) it
shall be necessary to revise, amend or supplement the Prospectus to comply with
the Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder, CFMSI
promptly will prepare and file with the Commission, subject to paragraph (a) of
this Section 5, a revision, amendment or supplement which will correct such
statement or omission or effect such compliance.
(c) CFMSI will furnish to the Underwriter and counsel for the
Underwriter, without charge, a copy of the Registration Statement (including
exhibits thereto) and, so long as delivery of a prospectus relating to the
offered Certificates is required under the Act, as many copies of the Prospectus
and any revisions or amendments thereof or supplements thereto as may be
reasonably requested.
(d) CFMSI will pay all expenses incidental to the performance of its
obligations under this Agreement, including without limitation (i) expenses of
preparing, printing and reproducing the Registration Statement, the Prospectus,
this Agreement, the Pooling Agreement, the Mortgage Loan Purchase Agreement and
the offered Certificates, (ii) all expenses of KPMG LLP (other than their
expenses relating to the preparation of the letter referred to in Section 7(c)
below which shall be paid by the Underwriter) and (iii) the cost of delivering
the offered Certificates to the office of DTC (or other costs of delivery, if so
specified in Schedule I); provided, however, that except as provided in this
paragraph (d) and in Section 8, the Underwriter will pay (i) all of its own
expenses, including the fees of [Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft] and any other
counsel to the Underwriter, (ii) any transfer taxes on resale of any of the
offered Certificates by it and (iii) advertising expenses connected with any
offers that the Underwriter may make.
(e) CFMSI will use its best efforts to arrange for the qualification of
the offered Certificates for sale under the laws of such jurisdictions as the
Underwriter may designate, to maintain such qualifications in effect so long as
required for the distribution of the offered Certificates and to arrange for the
determination of the legality of the offered Certificates for purchase by
institutional investors; provided, however, that none of CFMSI, CFMC or
CitiFinancial shall be required to qualify to do business in any jurisdiction
where it is not now so qualified or to take any action which would subject it to
general or unlimited service of process in any jurisdiction where it is not now
so subject.
(f) CFMSI will file with the Commission in a Current Report on Form 8-K
all ABS Term Sheets and Computational Materials furnished by the Underwriter and
identified by it as such, not later than the earlier of (i) the date the
Prospectus has been made available to the Underwriter and (ii) the date of the
filing of the Prospectus pursuant to Rule 424 (or such earlier date as required
under the No-Action Letters). Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, CFMSI
shall have no obligation to file materials provided by the Underwriter pursuant
to or as contemplated by Section 4 (x) which, in the reasonable determination of
CFMSI and the Underwriter, are not required to be filed pursuant to the
No-Action Letters, or which contain erroneous information or contain any untrue
statement of a material fact or which, when read in conjunction with the
Prospectus, omit to state a material fact or (y) which, when read in conjunction
with the Prospectus, omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein
or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; it being understood,
however, that CFMSI shall have no obligation to review or pass upon the accuracy
or adequacy of, or to correct, any Computational Materials or ABS Term Sheets
provided by the Underwriter to CFMSI pursuant to or as contemplated by Section
4.
(g) Promptly after the first business day of the month in which the
Closing Date is to occur, CFMSI will file with the Commission on Form 8-K a
Collateral Term Sheet containing such information regarding the Mortgage Loans
as it deems appropriate.
6. CONDITIONS TO THE OBLIGATION OF THE UNDERWRITER. The obligation of
the Underwriter to purchase the offered Certificates shall be subject to the
accuracy in all material respects of the representations and warranties on the
part of CFMSI contained herein as of the date hereof and as of the
5
<PAGE>
Closing Date, to the accuracy of the statements of CFMSI made in any officer's
certificate pursuant to the provisions hereof, to the performance by CFMSI of
its obligations hereunder and to the following additional conditions:
(a) No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration
Statement shall have been issued and no proceedings for that purpose shall have
been instituted and be pending or shall have been threatened.
(b) CFMSI shall have furnished to the Underwriter a certificate, dated
the Closing Date, of such corporation, signed by the President, a Senior Vice
President or a Vice President of CFMSI, to the effect that the signer of such
certificate has examined the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and this
Agreement and that:
(i) The representations and warranties of CFMSI herein are
true and correct in all material respects on and as of the Closing Date
with the same effect as if made on the Closing Date, and CFMSI has
complied with all agreements and satisfied all the conditions on its
part to be performed or satisfied at or prior to the Closing Date; and
(ii) No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the
Registration Statement has been issued, and no proceedings for that
purpose have been instituted and are pending or, to such officer's
knowledge, have been threatened as of the Closing Date.
(c) CFMSI shall have furnished to the Underwriter:
(i) an opinion, dated the Closing Date, of an Associate
General Counsel-Corporate Law of Citigroup Inc., to the effect that:
(A) Each of CFMSI and CFMC is validly existing as a
corporation in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware,
with corporate power and authority under such laws to own its
properties and conduct its business as described in the Prospectus;
(B) The offered Certificates have been duly
authorized, executed, issued and delivered and, assuming authentication
in the manner contemplated in the Pooling Agreement, are validly issued
and outstanding and entitled to the benefits provided by the Pooling
Agreement;
(C) The Pooling Agreement has been duly authorized,
executed and delivered by CFMSI and CFMC and, assuming valid execution
thereof by [trustee], [in its individual capacity and] as Trustee,
constitutes a valid and legally binding agreement of CFMSI and CFMC
enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as the same may be
limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other laws
relating to or affecting the enforcement of creditors' rights and by
general equity principles;
(D) The Pooling Agreement is not required to be
qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, and the
Trust Fund (as defined in the Pooling Agreement) is not required to be
registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended;
(E) The Mortgage Loan Purchase Agreement has been
duly authorized, executed and delivered by CFMSI and CFMC and
constitutes the valid and legally binding obligation of CFMSI and CFMC,
enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as the same may be
limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other laws
relating to or affecting the enforcement of creditors' rights and by
general equity principles;
6
<PAGE>
(F) The Registration Statement has become effective
under the Act, and, to the best of the knowledge of such counsel, (x)
no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration
Statement has been issued and no proceedings for that purpose have been
instituted or are pending or have been threatened under the Act, (y)
the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as of the date of the
Prospectus Supplement, and each revision or amendment thereof or
supplement thereto relating to the offered Certificates, as of its
effective or issue date, appeared on their respective faces to be
appropriately responsive in all material respects to the requirements
of the Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder
applicable to such documents as of such respective dates and (z) the
Prospectus, as revised, amended or supplemented as of the Closing Date,
conforms in all material respects to the requirements of the Act and
the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder applicable to
such documents as of the Closing Date; in the course of such counsel's
review of the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and discussion
of the same with certain officers of CFMSI and CFMC and their auditors,
no facts came to the attention of such counsel that caused such counsel
to believe that the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, as of the
date of the Prospectus Supplement, or any revision or amendment thereof
or supplement thereto, as of its effective or issue date, contained any
untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact
required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements
therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not
misleading or that the Prospectus, or any revision or amendment thereof
or supplement thereto filed prior to the date of such opinion, as of
the date of such opinion, contained any untrue statement of a material
fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary to make the
statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were
made, not misleading; the descriptions in the Registration Statement
and the Prospectus, as of the date of such opinion, of the offered
Certificates and the Pooling Agreement and such description, as of the
date of the Prospectus Supplement, of the aspects of certain statutes
as set forth in the Prospectus under the heading "ERISA Considerations"
were, to the extent that they constitute statements of matters of law
or legal conclusions with respect thereto, accurate in all material
respects; and such counsel does not know of any contracts or documents
relating to CFMSI of a character required to be described in or to be
filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement, as of the date of the
Prospectus Supplement, which were not described or filed as required;
it being understood that such counsel need express no opinion as to the
financial or statistical statements or other financial data and
statistical data contained or incorporated by reference in or omitted
from the Registration Statement or the Prospectus;
(G) This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed
and delivered by each of CFMSI and CitiFinancial; and
(H) Such other opinions with regard to secured
transactions, bankruptcy, insolvency and related matters which the
Underwriter may reasonably request.
Such opinion may express its reliance (a) as to factual matters on the
representations and warranties made by, and on certificates or other documents
furnished by officers of, the parties to this Agreement and the Pooling
Agreement, (b) as to legal matters relating to the Employee Retirement Income
Security Act of 1974, as amended, on an opinion, dated the Closing Date, of
counsel acceptable to the Underwriter, and (c) as to legal matters relating to
secured transactions, bankruptcy, insolvency and related matters, on an opinion,
dated the Closing Date, of [Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft,] special bankruptcy
counsel to CFMSI. Such opinion may assume the due authorization, execution and
delivery of the instruments and documents referred to therein by the parties
thereto other than CFMSI, CitiFinancial and CFMC. Such opinion may be qualified
as an opinion only on the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, the
laws of the State of New York and the federal law of the United States.
7
<PAGE>
(ii) An opinion, dated the Closing Date, of a Tax Counsel for
Asset Securitization of Citibank, N.A., to the effect that:
(A) The description in the Registration Statement and
the Prospectus, as of the date of the Prospectus Supplement, to the
extent it constitutes statements of matters of law or legal conclusions
with respect thereto, of the aspects of certain statutes as set forth
in the Prospectus under the headings "Taxation of Certificate holders"
and "Taxation of the Trust" and in the Prospectus Supplement under the
heading "Federal Income Tax Consequences" is accurate in all material
respects; and
(B) The Trust described in the Prospectus Supplement
and the Pooling Agreement will qualify as one or more REMICs within the
meaning of Section 860D of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended (the "Code"), the Certificates described in the Prospectus
Supplement and the Pooling Agreement will be treated as "regular
interests" in a REMIC for purposes of Code Section 860G(a)(1) and the
Residual Certificates described in the Pooling Agreement will be
treated as "residual interests" in a REMIC for purposes of Code Section
860G(a)(2), assuming: (i) an election is made to treat the Trust, or
one or more segregated pools of assets within the Trust, as one or more
REMICs, (ii) compliance with the Pooling Agreement and (iii) compliance
with changes in the law, including any amendments to the Code or
applicable Treasury regulations thereunder.
(d) The Underwriter shall have received from [Cadwalader, Wickersham &
Taft,] counsel for the Underwriter, such opinion or opinions, dated the Closing
Date, with respect to the issuance and sale of the offered Certificates, the
Registration Statement and the Prospectus, and such other related matters, as
the Underwriter may reasonably request.
(e) KPMG LLP shall have furnished to the Underwriter a letter, dated
the Closing Date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriter, stating
in effect that they have performed certain specified procedures as a result of
which they have determined that the information of an accounting, financial or
statistical nature with respect to the serviced portfolio of CFMC of one- to
four-family mortgage loans (which is limited to accounting, financial or
statistical information derived from the general accounting records of CFMC) set
forth in the Prospectus under the heading "Delinquency, Foreclosure and Loss
Experience" agrees with the accounting records of CFMC, excluding any questions
of legal interpretation.
(f) KPMG LLP shall have furnished to the Underwriter a letter, dated
the Closing Date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriter, stating
in effect that:
(i) They have performed certain specified procedures as a
result of which they have determined that the information of an
accounting, financial or statistical nature (which is limited to
accounting, financial or statistical information derived from the
general accounting records of CFMC and which is obtained from an
analysis of a sample of the Mortgage Loans) set forth in the Prospectus
Supplement under the caption "Series overview--the mortgage loans at
the cut-off date" and in the detailed description relating to such
Prospectus Supplement and the Mortgage Loans agrees with the accounting
records of CFMC, excluding any questions of legal interpretation; and
(ii) They have compared the data contained in a data sheet or
computer tape prepared by CFMC for the Mortgage Loans to information
contained in the Mortgage Loan files furnished by CFMC and in such
other sources as shall be specified by them, based on an appropriate
sampling thereof, and found such data and information to be in
agreement, unless otherwise noted in such letter.
8
<PAGE>
(g) If there is more than one Class or Subclass of offered
Certificates, KPMG LLP shall have furnished to the Underwriter a letter, dated
the date of the Prospectus Supplement, and a letter, dated the Closing Date, and
each in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriter, stating in effect
that:
(i) using the assumptions and methodology used by CFMSI (which
include and do not conflict with any assumptions and methodology set
forth in the Prospectus Supplement), all of which shall be described by
reference in such letter, they have recalculated the percentages and
weighted average lives set forth in the Prospectus Supplement in the
tables entitled "Principal balance as percent of initial principal
balance" for each Subclass or Class of offered Certificates at certain
Percentages of the Prepayment Model set forth in the Prospectus
Supplement, compared the results of their calculations to the
corresponding items in the respective table and found each such
percentage and weighted average life set forth in each such table to be
in agreement with the respective results of such calculations;
(ii) using the assumptions and methodology prescribed in the
Prospectus Supplement, they have recalculated, for each Distribution
Date (as defined in the Prospectus Supplement), the aggregate of the
amount of cash to be on deposit in the Certificate Account on the
Determination Date immediately preceding such Distribution Date and
found that such aggregate amount equals or exceeds the aggregate amount
of interest and distributions in reduction of Principal Amount that is
distributable on the offered Certificates on the following Distribution
Date, as recalculated by them;
(iii) using the assumptions and methodology prescribed in the
Pooling Agreement and the Prospectus Supplement, they have recomputed
the Last Scheduled Distribution Dates for each Subclass or Class of
offered Certificates and found such dates to be in agreement with those
set forth in the Prospectus Supplement;
(iv) if one or more Classes or Subclasses of offered
Certificates will be entitled to receive distributions of interest at
other than a fixed rate or distributions in reduction of Principal
Amount according to a schedule of planned or targeted amounts, or have
other characteristics which give rise to the use of tables in the
Prospectus Supplement reflecting yield or cash flow, such letters shall
also set forth such other statements as are customarily set forth by
KPMG LLP in such letters with respect to such Classes or Subclasses;
and
(v) using the assumptions and methodology used by CFMSI set
forth in the Prospectus Supplement, all of which shall be described by
reference in such letter, they have recalculated the percentages set
forth in the Prospectus Supplement in the tables entitled "Pre-tax
yield to maturity of Class B Certificates" compared the results of
their calculations to the corresponding items in such table and found
each such percentage set forth in each such table to be in agreement
with the results of such calculations.
(h) Subsequent to the date hereof, there shall not have occurred any
change, or any development involving a prospective change, in or affecting the
business or properties of CFMSI which the Underwriter concludes, after
consultation with CFMSI, in the judgment of the Underwriter, materially impairs
the investment quality of the offered Certificates so as to make it impractical
or inadvisable to proceed with the public offering or the delivery of the
offered Certificates as contemplated by the Prospectus.
(i) The offered Certificates shall have been rated at least the rating
or ratings specified in Schedule I by the rating agency specified in Schedule I
and such ratings shall not have been rescinded or placed under review.
9
<PAGE>
(j) CFMSI shall have furnished to the Underwriter such further
information, certificates and documents as the Underwriter may reasonably have
requested on or prior to the Closing Date.
If any of the conditions specified in this Section 6 shall not have
been fulfilled in all material respects when and as provided in this Agreement,
or if any of the opinions and certificates mentioned above or elsewhere in this
Agreement shall not be in all material respects reasonably satisfactory in form
and substance to the Underwriter and its counsel, this Agreement and all
obligations of the Underwriter hereunder may be canceled at, or at any time
prior to, the Closing Date by the Underwriter. Notice of such cancellation shall
be given to CFMSI in writing, or by telephone or telegraph confirmed in writing.
7. CONDITIONS TO THE OBLIGATION OF CFMSI. The obligation of CFMSI to
issue and sell the offered Certificates shall be subject to the satisfaction of
the conditions that on the Closing Date,
(a) the unoffered Certificates (as described in the Prospectus
Supplement) shall have been issued and sold under the Purchase Agreement dated
the date of this Agreement among CFMSI and the purchaser thereof.
(b) the Underwriter shall have delivered to CFMSI a certificate stating
that attached thereto are all of the information, tables, charts and other items
prepared by the Underwriter that constitute "Computational Materials" (as
defined in the letter dated May 4, 1994, from Brown & Wood to Linda C. Quinn,
Director of the Division of Corporation Finance of the Commission (together with
the Commission's response thereto dated May 20, 1994, the "Kidder No-Action
Letter")) or "ABS Term Sheets" (as defined in the letter dated February 13, 1995
from Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton to Abigail Arms, Associate Director
(Legal) of the Division of Corporation Finance of the Commission (together with
the Commission's response thereto dated February 17, 1995, the "PSA No-Action
Letter")) which are required to be filed with the Commission pursuant to the
terms of the Kidder No-Action Letter or the PSA No-Action Letter and stating
that the Underwriter has otherwise complied with the terms of the Kidder
No-Action Letter and the PSA No-Action Letter.
(c) KPMG LLP shall have furnished to the Issuer and the Underwriter a
letter or letters, each in form and substance satisfactory to the Issuer,
relating to the ABS Term Sheets and Computational Materials of the Underwriter
filed in accordance with Section 5(f) and dated the date of the related Current
Report on Form 8-K and stating in effect that:
(i) using the assumptions and methodology used by the
Underwriter, all of which shall be described by reference in the
letter, they have recomputed the numerical data and dates set forth in
the ABS Term Sheets and Computational Materials (or portions thereof)
attached to such letter, compared the results of their calculations to
the corresponding items in such ABS Term Sheets and Computational
Materials (or portions thereof) and found such items to be in agreement
with the respective results of such calculations;
(ii) if such ABS Term Sheets and Computational Materials
include data reflecting the distribution of interest at other than a
fixed rate or the distribution in reduction of Principal Amount
according to a schedule of planned or targeted amounts, or reflecting
other characteristics which give rise to the use of tables in such ABS
Term Sheets and Computational Materials, such letter shall also set
forth such other statements as are customarily set forth by KPMG LLP in
such letter with respect to such data; and
(iii) they have performed certain specified procedures as a
result of which they have determined that the information of an
accounting, financial or statistical nature set forth in such
10
<PAGE>
Computational Materials and ABS Term Sheets agrees with the data sheet
or computer tape prepared by CFMSI, unless otherwise indicated in such
letter.
8. INDEMNIFICATION AND CONTRIBUTION. (a) CFMSI agrees to indemnify and
hold harmless the Underwriter and each person who controls the Underwriter
within the meaning of either the Act or the Exchange Act against any and all
losses, claims, damages or liabilities, joint or several, to which it or any of
them may become subject under the Act, the Exchange Act, or other federal or
state statutory law or regulation, at common law or otherwise, insofar as such
losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out
of or are based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a
material fact (except any fact relating to CitiFinancial or its affiliates other
than CFMSI) contained in the Registration Statement or in the Prospectus, or in
any revision or amendment thereof or supplement thereto, or arise out of or are
based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact
(except any fact relating to CitiFinancial or its affiliates other than CFMSI)
required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein in
light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, and
agrees to reimburse as incurred each such indemnified party for any legal or
other expenses reasonably incurred by them or him in connection with
investigating or defending any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action;
provided, however, that CFMSI will not be liable in any such case to the extent
that any such loss, claim, damage or liability arises out of or is based upon
(i) any such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged
omission made therein in reliance upon and in conformity with written
information furnished to CFMSI by or on behalf of the Underwriter specifically
for use in connection with the preparation thereof, consisting solely of such
Underwriter's statements as are included in Schedule I hereto, or (ii) any such
untrue statement made in ABS Term Sheets or Computational Materials incorporated
therein as a result of any filing pursuant to Section 5(f) (except to the extent
any such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement results directly from
inaccurate information (including information set forth in the Collateral Term
Sheet referred to in Section 5(g)) or a failure to furnish information
specifically requested by the Underwriter (each, a "Collateral Error") provided
to the Underwriter by or on behalf of CFMSI or CFMC relating to the Mortgage
Loans) or (iii) any omission or alleged omission to state in Computational
Materials or ABS Term Sheets of the Underwriter incorporated by reference into
the Registration Statement or Prospectus as a result of any filing pursuant to
Section 5(f) a material fact that, when read in conjunction with the Prospectus,
is required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not
misleading (except to the extent any such omission or alleged omission results
directly from a Collateral Error), or (iv) any inaccuracy or untruth of the
statements or representations set forth in Section 7(b); and provided further
that such indemnity with respect to any Collateral Error shall not inure to the
benefit of the Underwriter (or any person controlling the Underwriter) from whom
the person asserting any loss, claim, damage or liability received any
Computational Materials or ABS Term Sheets that were prepared on the basis of
such Collateral Error, if, prior to the time of confirmation of the sale of
offered Certificates to such person, CFMSI notified the Underwriter in writing
of the Collateral Error or provided in written or electronic form information
superseding or correcting such Collateral Error (in any such case, a "Corrected
Collateral Error"), and the Underwriter failed to notify such person thereof or
to deliver such person corrected Computational Materials and/or ABS Term Sheets,
as applicable. This indemnity agreement will be in addition to any liability
which CFMSI may otherwise have.
(b) CitiFinancial agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Underwriter
and each person who controls the Underwriter within the meaning of either the
Act or the Exchange Act against any and all losses, claims, damages or
liabilities, joint or several, to which it or any of them may become subject
under the Act, the Exchange Act, or other federal or state statutory law or
regulation, at common law or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages
or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon
any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact relating to
CitiFinancial or its affiliates (other than CFMSI) contained in the Registration
Statement or in the Prospectus, or in any revision or amendment thereof or
supplement thereto, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged
omission to state therein a material fact relating to CitiFinancial or its
11
<PAGE>
affiliates (other than CFMSI) required to be stated therein or necessary to make
the statements therein in light of the circumstances under which they were made,
not misleading, and agrees to reimburse as incurred each such indemnified party
for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by them or him in connection
with investigating or defending any such loss, claim, damage, liability or
action; provided, however, that CitiFinancial will not be liable in any such
case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage or liability arises out of
or is based upon (i) any such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or
omission or alleged omission made therein in reliance upon and in conformity
with written information furnished to CitiFinancial by or on behalf of the
Underwriter specifically for use in connection with the preparation thereof,
consisting solely of such Underwriter's statements as are included in Schedule I
hereto, or (ii) any such untrue statement made in ABS Term Sheets or
Computational Materials incorporated therein as a result of any filing pursuant
to Section 5(f) (except to the extent any such untrue statement or alleged
untrue statement results directly from a Collateral Error) or (iii) any omission
or alleged omission to state in Computational Materials or ABS Term Sheets of
the Underwriter incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement or
Prospectus as a result of any filing pursuant to Section 5(f) a material fact
that, when read in conjunction with the Prospectus, is required to be stated
therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading (except to
the extent any such omission or alleged omission results directly from a
Collateral Error), or (iv) any inaccuracy or untruth of the statements or
representations set forth in Section 7(b); and provided further that such
indemnity with respect to any Collateral Error shall not inure to the benefit of
the Underwriter (or any person controlling the Underwriter) from whom the person
asserting any loss, claim, damage or liability received Computational Materials
or ABS Term Sheets, in the case of a Corrected Collateral Error, if the
Underwriter failed to notify such person thereof or to deliver to such person
corrected Computational Materials and/or ABS Term Sheets, as applicable. This
indemnity agreement will be in addition to any liability which CitiFinancial may
otherwise have.
(c) The Underwriter agrees to indemnify and hold harmless CFMSI and
CitiFinancial, each of their respective directors, each of their respective
officers who signed the Registration Statement or any amendment thereof, and
each person who controls CFMSI or CitiFinancial within the meaning of either the
Act or the Exchange Act, to the same extent as the foregoing indemnities from
CFMSI and CitiFinancial to the Underwriter, but only with reference to (i)
written information furnished to CFMSI or CitiFinancial by or on behalf of the
Underwriter specifically for use in connection with the preparation of the
Prospectus or any revision or amendment thereof or supplement thereto,
consisting solely of such Underwriter's statements as are included in Schedule I
hereto, (ii) any untrue statement made in ABS Term Sheets or Computational
Materials incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement or
Prospectus as a result of any filing pursuant to Section 5(f) (except to the
extent any such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement results directly
from a Collateral Error that is not subsequently a Corrected Collateral Error)
and (iii) any inaccuracy or untruth of the statements or representations set
forth in Section 7(b). This indemnity agreement will be in addition to any
liability which the Underwriter may otherwise have. Each of CFMSI and
CitiFinancial acknowledges that the statements set forth in Schedule I under the
heading "Underwriter's Statements to be Included in the Prospectus Supplement"
constitute the only information furnished in writing by or on behalf of the
Underwriter for inclusion in the Prospectus or any revision or amendment thereof
or supplement thereto, and the Underwriter confirms that such statements are
correct.
(d) Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under this Section 8
of notice of the commencement of any action, such indemnified party will, if a
claim in respect thereof is to be made against the indemnifying party under this
Section 8, notify the indemnifying party in writing of the commencement thereof;
but the omission so to notify the indemnifying party will not relieve the
indemnifying party from any liability which it may have to any indemnified party
otherwise than under this Section 8. In case any such action is brought against
any indemnified party and it notifies the indemnifying party of the commencement
thereof, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate therein, and to
the extent that it may elect by written notice delivered to the indemnified
party promptly
12
<PAGE>
after receiving the aforesaid notice from such indemnified party, to assume the
defense thereof, with counsel satisfactory to such indemnified party; provided
that, if the defendants in any such action include both the indemnified party
and the indemnifying party and the indemnified party shall have reasonably
concluded that there may be legal defenses available to it and/or other
indemnified parties which are different from or additional to those available to
the indemnifying party, the indemnified party or parties shall have the right to
select separate counsel to assert such legal defenses and to otherwise
participate in the defense of such action on behalf of such indemnified party or
parties. Upon receipt of notice from the indemnifying party to such indemnified
party of its election so to assume the defense of such action and approval by
the indemnified party of counsel, the indemnifying party will not be liable to
such indemnified party in connection with the defense thereof unless (i) the
indemnified party shall have employed separate counsel in connection with the
assertion of legal defenses in accordance with the proviso to the next preceding
sentence (it being understood, however, that the indemnifying party shall not be
liable for the expenses of more than one separate counsel, approved by the
indemnified party or parties, representing the indemnified party or parties who
are parties to such action), (ii) the indemnifying party shall not have employed
counsel satisfactory to the indemnified party to represent the indemnified party
within a reasonable time after notice of commencement of the action or (iii) the
indemnifying party has authorized the employment of counsel for the indemnified
party at the expense of the indemnifying party; and except that, if clause (i)
or (iii) is applicable, such liability shall be only in respect of the counsel
referred to in such clause (i) or (iii).
(e) In order to provide for just and equitable contribution in
circumstances in which the indemnification provided for in this Section 8 is due
in accordance with its terms but is for any reason held by a court to be
unavailable on grounds of policy or otherwise, CFMSI or CitiFinancial, as the
case may be, and the Underwriter shall contribute to the aggregate losses,
claims, damages and liabilities (including legal and other expenses reasonably
incurred in connection with investigating or defending same) to which CFMSI or
CitiFinancial, as the case may be, and the Underwriter may be subject in such
proportion so that the Underwriter is responsible for 0.5% thereof and CFMSI or
CitiFinancial, as the case may be, is responsible for the balance; provided that
no person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section
11(f) of the Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not
guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation and provided further that, to the
extent such circumstances relate to any untrue statement made in ABS Term Sheets
or Computational Materials incorporated by reference into the Registration
Statement or Prospectus as a result of any filing pursuant to Section 5(f)
(except to the extent any such untrue statement resulted directly from a
Collateral Error that was not subsequently a Corrected Collateral Error) or any
inaccuracy or untruth of the statements or representations set forth in Section
7(b), then such contribution shall be determined based on the relative fault of
CFMSI or CitiFinancial, as the case may be, on the one hand, and the Underwriter
on the other in connection with the statements made in such ABS Term Sheets or
Computational Materials or the inaccuracy or untruth of such statements or
representations which resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities,
as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative fault shall
be determined by reference to whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of
a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact, or
such inaccurate or untrue statement or representation, relates to information
supplied by CFMSI, CitiFinancial or the Underwriter, the intent of the parties
and their relative knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct
or prevent such statement, omission or representation. For purposes of this
Section 8, each person who controls the Underwriter within the meaning of either
the Act or the Exchange Act shall have the same rights to contribution as the
Underwriter, and each person who controls CFMSI or CitiFinancial, as the case
may be, within the meaning of either the Act or the Exchange Act, each officer
of CFMSI or CitiFinancial, as the case may be, who shall have signed the
Registration Statement or any amendment thereof and each director of CFMSI or
CitiFinancial, as the case may be, shall have the same rights to contribution as
CFMSI or CitiFinancial, as the case may be. Any party entitled to contribution
will, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement of any action, suit or
proceeding against such party in respect of which a claim for contribution may
be made against another party or parties under this paragraph (e), notify such
party or
13
<PAGE>
parties from whom contribution may be sought, but the omission to so notify such
party or parties shall not relieve the party or parties from whom contribution
may be sought from any other obligation it or they may have hereunder or
otherwise than under this paragraph (e).
9. TERMINATION. This Agreement shall be subject to termination by the
Underwriter, by notice given to CFMSI and CitiFinancial prior to delivery of and
payment for the offered Certificates, if prior to such time (i) trading in
securities generally on the New York Stock Exchange shall have been suspended or
materially limited, (ii) a general moratorium on commercial banking activities
in New York shall have been declared by either federal or New York State
authorities, or (iii) there shall have occurred any material outbreak or
escalation of hostilities or other calamity or crisis the effect of which on the
financial markets of the United States is such as to make it, in the reasonable
judgment of the Underwriter after consultation with CFMSI, impracticable to
market the offered Certificates.
10. REPRESENTATIONS AND INDEMNITIES TO SURVIVE. The respective
agreements, representations, warranties, indemnities and other statements of
CFMSI and CitiFinancial and its respective officers and of the Underwriter set
forth in or made pursuant to this Agreement will remain in full force and
effect, regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of the Underwriter,
CFMSI or CitiFinancial or any of the officers, directors or controlling persons
referred to in Section 8, and will survive delivery of and payment for the
offered Certificates. The provisions of Section 8 shall survive the termination
or cancellation of this Agreement.
11. OBLIGATION OF CITIFINANCIAL. CitiFinancial agrees, in consideration
of and as an inducement to the Underwriter's purchase of the offered
Certificates from CFMSI, to indemnify and hold harmless the Underwriter, and
each person who controls the Underwriter, against any failure by CFMSI to
perform any of its obligations under this Agreement, including, without
limitation, any obligation of CFMSI to the Underwriter pursuant to Sections 5
and 8, after receipt from the Underwriter of written notice of any such failure.
12. SUCCESSORS. This Agreement will inure to the benefit of and be
binding upon the parties hereto and their respective successors and the
officers, directors and controlling persons referred to in Section 8 and their
respective successors and assigns, and no other person will have any right or
obligation hereunder.
13. APPLICABLE LAW. This Agreement will be governed by and construed in
accordance with the laws of the State of New York.
14. MISCELLANEOUS. This Agreement supersedes all prior or
contemporaneous agreements and understandings relating to the subject matter
hereof. Neither this Agreement nor any term hereof may be changed, waived,
discharged or terminated except by a writing signed by the party against whom
enforcement of such change, waiver, discharge or termination is sought. This
Agreement may be signed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be
deemed an original, which taken together shall constitute one and the same
instrument.
15. NOTICES. All communications hereunder will be in writing and
effective only upon receipt and, if sent to the Underwriter, will be delivered
to the Underwriter at the address specified in Schedule I, or if sent to CFMSI,
will be delivered to CitiFinancial Mortgage Securities Inc., _________, __th
Floor, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, Attn: ______, Vice President; or if sent to
CitiFinancial, will be delivered to CitiFinancial Credit Company, 300 St. Paul
Place, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, Attn: _______, Vice President.
14
<PAGE>
If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding of our
agreement, please sign and return to each of the undersigned a counterpart
hereof, whereupon this letter and your acceptance shall represent a binding
agreement among CFMSI, CitiFinancial and the Underwriter.
Very truly yours,
CITIFINANCIAL MORTGAGE SECURITIES INC.
By:__________________________________
Vice President
CITIFINANCIAL CREDIT COMPANY
By:__________________________________
Vice President
The foregoing Agreement is hereby
confirmed and accepted as of the
date first above written.
[Underwriter}
By:__________________________
Name:
Authorized Signatory
15
<PAGE>
SCHEDULE I
----------
Underwriting Agreement dated ________, 2000
REMIC Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2000-[ ]
Offered Certificates: Senior Class A Certificates, Mezzanine Class M-1
Certificates, Mezzanine Class M-2 Certificates and
Subordinated Class B-1 Certificates (each in such
proportion of the Mortgage Loans as specified in
Attachment A hereto and within the respective
tolerances as are set forth therein).
The Senior Class A Certificates may include one or
more Subclasses of Class A Certificates with the prior
consent of an authorized officer of CFMSI, which
consent shall not unreasonably be withheld.
Subclasses of Senior Class A Certificates which are not
eligible to be held by DTC, the Mezzanine Class M
Certificates and the Class B-1 Certificates shall be
issued in definitive, fully registered form rather than
in book-entry form. The certificates representing such
Subclasses of Senior Class A Certificates, the
Mezzanine Class M Certificates and the Class B-1
Certificates shall be registered in such names and in
such denominations as the Underwriter shall request in
writing not less than two business days prior to the
Closing Date or, if the Underwriter shall fail to give
such notice, one certificate representing each of such
Subclasses of Senior Class A Certificates, the
Mezzanine Class M Certificates and the Class B-1
Certificates shall be registered in the name of the
Underwriter.
Purchase Price:
__________% of the Initial Principal Amount of the
Senior Class A Certificates, _____% of the Initial
Principal Amount of the Class M-1 Certificates, _____%
of the Initial Principal Amount of the Class M-2
Certificates and ______% of the Initial Principal
Amount of the Class B-1 Certificates plus, in each case
(other than in the case of principal only Subclasses of
Certificates), accrued interest from (and including)
the Cut-Off Date to (but excluding) the Closing Date at
the rate of _____% per annum, plus $__,000.
Underwriter and Address
for Notices: [Name]
[Address]
New York, New York 10000
I-1
<PAGE>
Description of Mortgage
Loans: 10- to 30-year [fixed]-rate conventional one- to
four-family home equity mortgage loans having an
aggregate principal balance as of the Cut-Off Date of
approximately $___,000,000 (subject to an upward or
downward variance of up to 5%). The weighted average
Note Rate of the Mortgage Loans as of the Cut-Off Date
is expected to be at least _____% but not more than
_____%.The weighted average remaining term to stated
maturity of the Mortgage Loans as of the Cut-Off Date
is expected to be at least ___ months but no more
than ___ months. The Mortgage Loans, subject to certain
changes by CFMSI, are further described in Attachment A
hereto.
Cut-Off Date: _________ 1, 2000.
Ratings of
offered Certificates: The Senior Class A Certificates shall be rated "AAA" by
Standard & Poor's Ratings Group ("S&P") and "AAA" by
Fitch IBCA, Inc. ("Fitch"). The Class M-1 Certificates
shall be rated at least "AA" by Fitch, the Class M-2
Certificates shall be rated at least "A" by Fitch, and
the Class B-1 Certificates shall be rated at least
"BBB" by Fitch.
Denominations:
The denominations of the offered Certificates will be
an Initial Principal Amount of $1,000 and any whole
dollar amount in excess thereof (except that one
Certificate of Class A-[ ] and one Class M-1, Class M-2
and Class B-1 Certificate may be in a different
denomination).
Underwriter's Statements
to be Included in the
Prospectus Supplement: The purchase price for the offered Certificates will be
set by the underwriter or negotiated by the purchaser
and the underwriter at the time of sale.
IN CONNECTION WITH THIS OFFERING, THE UNDERWRITER MAY
OVER-ALLOT OR EFFECT TRANSACTIONS THAT STABILIZE OR
MAINTAIN THE MARKET PRICE OF THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES
AT A LEVEL ABOVE THAT WHICH MIGHT OTHERWISE PREVAIL IN
THE OPEN MARKET. SUCH STABILIZING, IF COMMENCED, MAY BE
DISCONTINUED AT ANY TIME.
Subject to the terms and conditions of the underwriting
agreement among CitiFinancial, CFMSI and the
underwriter, the underwriter will purchase the offered
Certificates from CFMSI upon issuance. The underwriter
has committed to purchase all of the offered
Certificates if any Certificates are purchased. The
underwriter will distribute the offered Certificates
from time to time in negotiated transactions or
otherwise at varying prices to be determined at the
time of sale. In
I-2
<PAGE>
connection with the purchase and sale of the
offered Certificates, the Underwriter may be deemed to
have received compensation from CFMSI in the form of
underwriting discounts.
Delivery and Payment: Same day funds by federal funds wire.
Closing Date and
Location: 10:00 a.m.(New York City time) on ______ __, 2000 at
the offices of:
Citigroup Inc.
425 Park Avenue, 2nd Floor
New York, New York 10043
I-3
