EXHIBIT R
CODE OF ETHICS
J. & W. Seligman & Co. Incorporated
Seligman Advisors, Inc.
Seligman Services, Inc.
Seligman Data Corp.
Seligman International, Inc.
Seligman International UK Limited
The Seligman Group of Investment Companies
I. Introduction
A primary duty of all directors, officers and employees (collectively
"Employees") of J. & W. Seligman & Co. Incorporated, its subsidiaries and
affiliates (collectively, "Seligman") is to be faithful to the interest of the
various Seligman advisory clients, including the registered and unregistered
companies advised by Seligman (collectively, "Clients"). Directors of the
Seligman Registered Investment Companies also have a duty to the Seligman
Registered Investment Companies and their shareholders. Persons who are
Disinterested Directors are "Employees" for purposes of this Code of Ethics.
Through the years, Seligman and its predecessor organizations have had a
reputation of maintaining the highest business and ethical standards and have
been favored with the confidence of investors and the financial community. Such
a reputation and confidence are not easily gained and are among the most
precious assets of Seligman. In large measure, they depend on the devotion and
integrity with which each Employee discharges his or her responsibilities. Their
preservation and development must be a main concern of each Employee, and each
Employee has a primary obligation to avoid any action or activity that could
produce conflict between the interest of the Clients and that Employee's
self-interest.
The purpose of this Code of Ethics ("Code") is to set forth the policies of
Seligman in the matter of conflicts of interest and to provide a formal record
for each Employee's reference and guidance. This Code is also designed to
prevent any act, practice or course of business prohibited by the rules and
regulations governing our industry.
Each Employee owes a fiduciary duty to each Client. Therefore, all Employees
must avoid activities, interests and relationships that might appear to
interfere with making decisions in the best interest of the Clients.
As an Employee, you must at all times:
1. Avoid serving your own personal interests ahead of the interests of
Clients. You may not cause a Client to take action, or not to take action,
for your personal benefit rather than the Client's benefit.
<PAGE>
2. Avoid taking inappropriate advantage of your position. The receipt of
investment opportunities, perquisites or gifts from persons seeking
business with Clients or with Seligman could call into question the
exercise of your better judgment. Therefore, you must not give or receive
benefits that would compromise your ability to act in the best interest of
the Clients.
3. Conduct all personal Securities Transactions in full compliance with the
Code, including the pre-authorization and reporting requirements, and
comply fully with the Seligman Insider Trading Policies and Procedures (See
Appendix A).
While Seligman encourages you and your families to develop personal investment
programs, you must not take any action that could cause even the appearance that
an unfair or improper action has been taken. Accordingly, you must follow the
policies set forth below with respect to trading in your Account(s). This Code
places reliance on the good sense and judgment of you as an Employee; however,
if you are unclear as to the Code's meaning, you should seek the advice of the
Law and Regulation Department and assume the Code will be interpreted in the
most restrictive manner. Questionable situations should be resolved in favor of
Clients. Technical compliance with the Code's procedures will not insulate from
scrutiny any trades that indicate a violation of your fiduciary duties.
Application of the Code to Disinterested Directors
Disinterested Directors are only subject to the reporting requirements in
Section III.5(b) of the Code. Disinterested Directors are not subject to other
provisions of the Code but are subject to the requirements of the federal
securities laws and other applicable laws, such as the prohibition on trading in
securities of an issuer while in possession of material non-public information.
II. Definitions
(a) "Accounts" means all Employee Accounts and Employee Related Accounts.
(b) "Beneficial Interest" is broadly interpreted. The SEC has said that
the final determination of Beneficial Interest is a question to be
determined in the light of the facts of each particular case. The
terms Employee Account and Employee Related Account, as defined below,
generally define Beneficial Interest. However, the meaning of
"Beneficial Interest" may be broader than that described below. If
there are any questions as to Beneficial Interest, please contact the
Director of Compliance, General Counsel or Associate General Counsel.
(c) "Employee Account" means the following securities Accounts: (i) any of
your personal account(s); (ii) any joint or tenant-in-common account
in which you have an interest or are a participant; (iii) any account
for which you act as trustee, executor, or custodian; (iv) any account
over which you have investment discretion or otherwise can exercise
control, including the accounts of entities controlled
2
<PAGE>
directly or indirectly by you; (v) any account in which you have a
direct or indirect interest through a contract, arrangement or
otherwise (e.g., economic, voting power, power to buy or sell, or
otherwise); (vi) any account held by pledges, or for a partnership in
which you are a member, or by a corporation which you should regard as
a personal holding company; (vii) any account held in the name of
another person in which you do not have benefits of ownership, but
which you can vest or revest title in yourself at once or some future
time; (viii) any account of which you have benefit of ownership; and
(ix) accounts registered by custodians, brokers, executors or other
fiduciaries for your benefit.
(d) "Employee Related Account" means any Account of (i) your spouse and
minor children and (ii) any account of relatives or any other persons
to whose support you materially contribute, directly or indirectly.
(e) "Disinterested Director" means a director or trustee of a Seligman
Registered Investment Company who is not an "interested person" of
such investment company within the meaning of Section 2(a)(19) of the
Investment Company Act of 1940.
(f) "Equivalent Security" includes, among other things, an option to
purchase or sell a Security or an instrument convertible or
exchangeable into a Security.
(g) "Investment Team" means one or more Investment Teams formed by the
Manager in various investment disciplines to review and approve
Securities for purchase and sale by Client Accounts. This includes a
team's leader, portfolio managers, research analysts, traders and
their direct supervisors.
(h) "Security" includes, among other things, stocks, notes, bonds,
debentures, and other evidences of indebtedness (including loan
participation and assignments), limited partnership interests,
investment contracts, and all derivative instruments (e.g., options
and warrants).
(i) "Securities Transaction" means a purchase or sale of a Security.
(j) "Seligman Registered Investment Company" means an investment company
registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 for which Seligman
serves as investment manager or adviser.
3
<PAGE>
III. Personal Securities Transactions
1. Prohibited Transactions
These apply to all of your Accounts.
(a) Seven-Day Blackout: If you are a member of an Investment Team,
Securities Transactions are prohibited within seven calendar days
either before or after the purchase or sale of the relevant security
(or an Equivalent Security) by a Client whose Account is managed by
your Investment Team.
(b) Intention to Buy or Sell for Clients: Securities Transactions are
prohibited at a time when you intend, or know of another's intention,
to purchase or sell that Security (or an Equivalent Security) on
behalf of a Client.
(c) Sixty-Day Holding Period: Profits on Securities Transactions made
within a sixty-day period are prohibited and must be disgorged. This
is a prohibition of short term trading. Specifically,
o Purchase of a Security within 60 days of your sale of the
Security (or an Equivalent Security), at a price that is less
than the price in the previous sale is prohibited.
o Sale of a Security within the 60 day period of your purchase of
the Security (or an Equivalent Security), at a price that is
greater than the price in the previous purchase is prohibited.
Examples are as follows:
1. Employee purchases 100 shares of XYZ ($10 a share) on
January 1. Employee sells 100 shares of XYZ ($15 a share) on
February 15. Employee must disgorge $500.
2. Employee purchases 100 shares of XYZ ($10 a share) on
January 1. Employee purchases 50 shares of XYZ ($12 a share)
on January 30. Employee sells 50 shares of XYZ ($15 a share)
on March 15. Employee must disgorge $150. (The March 15 sale
may not be matched to the January 1 purchase).
3. Employee purchases 100 shares of XYZ ($10 a share) on
January 1. Employee sells 100 shares of XYZ ($10 a share) on
February 1. Employee purchases 100 shares of XYZ ($9 a
share) on March 1 Employee must disgorge $100. (The February
1 sale is permissible because no profit was made. However,
the March 1 purchase is matched against the February 1 sale
resulting in a $100 profit).
4
<PAGE>
(d) Restricted Transactions: Transactions in a Security are prohibited (i)
on the day of a purchase or sale of the Security by a Client, or (ii)
anytime a Client's order in the Security is open on the trading desk.
Other Securities may be restricted from time to time as deemed
appropriate by the Law and Regulation Department.
(e) Short Sales: If you are a member of an Investment Team, you may not
engage in any short sale of a Security if, at the time of the
transaction, any Client managed by your Team has a long position in
that same Security. However, this prohibition does not prevent you
from engaging short sales against the box and covered call writing, as
long as these personal trades are in accordance with the sixty-day
holding period described above.
(f) Public Offerings: Acquisitions of Securities in initial and secondary
public offerings are prohibited, unless granted an exemption by the
Director of Compliance. An exemption for an initial public offering
will only be granted in certain limited circumstances, for example,
the demutualization of a savings bank.
(g) Private Placements: Acquisition of Securities in a private placement
is prohibited absent prior written approval by the Director of
Compliance.
(h) Market Manipulation: Transactions intended to raise, lower, or
maintain the price of any Security or to create a false appearance of
active trading are prohibited.
(i) Inside Information: You may not trade, either personally or on behalf
of others, on material, non-public information or communicate
material, non-public information to another in violation of the law.
This policy extends to activities within and outside your duties at
Seligman. (See Appendix A).
2. Maintenance of Accounts
All Accounts that have the ability to engage in Securities Transactions
must be maintained at Ernst & Company (Investec) and/or the specific
Merrill Lynch branch office located at 712 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY. You
are required to notify the Director of Compliance of any change to your
account status. This includes opening a new Account, converting,
transferring or closing an existing account or acquiring Beneficial
Interest in an Account through marriage or otherwise. You must place all
orders for Securities Transactions in these Account(s) with the Equity
Trading Desk or the appropriate Fixed Income Team as set forth in Section
III.3 ("Trade Pre-authorization Requirements").
The Director of Compliance may grant exceptions to the foregoing
requirements on a case by case basis. All requests for exceptions must be
applied for in writing and submitted for approval to the Director of
Compliance and will be subject to certain conditions.
5
<PAGE>
3. Trade Pre-authorization Requirements
All Securities Transactions in an Employee Account or Employee Related
Account must be pre-authorized, except for Securities Transactions set
forth in Section III.4 ("Exempt Transactions").
(a) Trade Authorization Request Form: Prior to entering an order for a
Securities Transaction in an Employee Account or Employee Related
Account, which is subject to pre-authorization, you must complete a
Trade Authorization Request Form (set forth in Appendix B) and submit
the completed Form (faxed or hand delivered) to the Director of
Compliance (or designee).
(b) Review of the Form and Trade Execution: After receiving the completed
Trade Authorization Request Form, the Director of Compliance (or
designee) will review the information and, as soon as practical,
determine whether to authorize the proposed Securities Transaction.
The authorization, date and time of the authorization must be
reflected on the Form. Once approved the order may then be executed by
Equity Trading Desk or the appropriate Fixed Income Team, except for
accounts for which an exemption was granted under Section III.2.
(c) Length of Trade Authorization Approval: Any authorization, if granted,
is effective until the earliest of (i) its revocation, (ii) the close
of business on the day from which authorization was granted or (iii)
your discovery that the information in the Trade Authorization Request
Form is no longer accurate. If the Securities Transaction was not
placed or executed within that period, a new pre-authorization must be
obtained. A new pre-authorization need not be obtained for orders
which cannot be filled in one day due to an illiquid market, so long
as such order was placed for execution on the day the original
pre-authorization was given.
No order for a Securities Transaction may be placed prior to the Director
of Compliance (or designee) receiving the completed Trade Pre-authorization
Form and approving the transaction. In some cases, trades may be rejected
for a reason that is confidential.
4. Exempt Transactions
The prohibitions of this Code shall not apply to the following Securities
Transactions in your Account(s):
(a) Purchases or sales of Securities which are non-volitional (i.e., not
involving any investment decision or recommendation).
(b) Purchases of Securities through certain corporate actions (such as
stock dividends, dividend reinvestments, stock splits, mergers,
consolidations, spin-offs, or other
6
<PAGE>
similar corporate reorganizations or distributions generally
applicable to all holders of the same class of Securities).
(c) Purchases of Securities effected upon the exercise of rights issued by
an issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of its Securities, to the
extent such rights were acquired from the issuer.
(d) Purchases or sales of open-end registered investment companies, U.S.
Government Securities and money market instruments (e.g., U.S.
Treasury Securities, bankers acceptances, bank certificates of
deposit, commercial paper and repurchase agreements).
(e) Purchases of Securities which are part of an automatic dividend
reinvestment plan or stock accumulation plan; however, quarterly
account statement of such plans must be sent to the Director of
Compliance.
(f) Securities Transactions that are granted a prior exemption by the
Director of Compliance, the General Counsel or the Associate General
Counsel.
5. Reporting
(a) You must arrange for the Director of Compliance to receive from the
executing broker, dealer or bank duplicate copies of each confirmation
and account statement for each Securities Transaction in an Employee
Account or Employee Related Account.
(b) If you are a Disinterested Director you are required to report the
information specified below with respect to any Securities Transaction
in any Securities Account in which you have Beneficial Interest, if
you knew, or in the ordinary course of fulfilling your official duties
as a Disinterested Director, should have known, that during 15 days
immediately before or after the date of your transaction, the Security
(or Equivalent Security) was purchased or sold by a Seligman
Registered Investment Company or considered for purchase or sale by a
Seligman Registered Investment Company. Such report shall be made not
later than 10 days after the end of the calendar quarter in which the
Transaction was effected and shall contain the following information:
(i) The date of the transaction, the name of the company, the number
of shares, and the principal amount of each Security involved;
(ii) The nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or any other
type of acquisition or disposition);
(iii) The price at which the transaction was effected;
7
<PAGE>
(iv) The name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through whom the
transaction was effected; and
(v) The date the report is submitted.
(c) You are required to disclose all Securities beneficially owned by you
within ten days of commencement of employment and at the end of each
calendar year within 10 days thereafter (See Appendix C).
(d) You are also required to disclose all Employee and Employee Related
Securities Accounts, Private Securities Transactions and Outside
Activities, Affiliations and Investments upon commencement of
employment and annually thereafter (See Appendix D).
(e) Any report may contain a statement that the report shall not be
construed as an admission by you, that you have any direct or indirect
beneficial ownership in the Security to which the report relates.
(f) The Director of Compliance or his designee will review all reports.
6. Dealings with the Clients
You should not have any direct or indirect investment interest in the purchase
or sale of any Security or property from or to Clients. This is a prohibition
against dealings between you and the Clients and is not intended to preclude or
limit investment transactions by you in Securities or property, provided such
transactions are not in conflict with the provisions of this Code.
7. Preferential Treatment, Favors and Gifts
You are prohibited from giving and receiving gifts of significant value or
cost from any person or entity that does business with or on behalf of any
Client. You should also avoid preferential treatment, favors, gifts and
entertainment which might, or might appear to, influence adversely or
restrict the independent exercise of your best efforts and best judgments
on behalf of the Clients or which might tend in any way to impair
confidence in Seligman by Clients. Cash Gifts that do not exceed $100 in
value per person for a calendar year are permissible. Ordinary courtesies
of business life, or ordinary business entertainment, and gifts of
inconsequential value are also permissible. However, they should not be so
frequent nor so extensive as to raise any question of impropriety.
8
<PAGE>
8. Outside Business Activities and Service as a Director, Trustee or in a
Fiduciary Capacity of any Organization
You may not engage in any outside business activities or serve as a
Director, Trustee or in a fiduciary capacity of any organization, without
the prior written consent of the Director of Compliance.
9. Remedies of the Code
Upon discovering a violation of this Code, sanctions may be imposed against
the person concerned as may be deemed appropriate, including, among other
things, a letter of censure, fines, suspension or termination of personal
trading rights and/or employment.
As part of any sanction, you may be required to absorb any loss from the
trade. Any profits realized, as a result of your personal transaction that
violates the Code must be disgorged to a charitable organization, which you
may designate.
10. Compliance Certification
At least once a year, you will be required to certify on the Employee
Certification Form (set forth in Appendix E) that you have read and
understand this Code, that you have complied with the requirements of the
Code, and that you have disclosed or reported all personal Securities
Transactions pursuant to the provisions of the Code.
11. Inquiries Regarding the Code
If you have any questions regarding this Code or any other
compliance-related matter, please call the Director of Compliance, or
in his absence, the General Counsel or Associate General Counsel.
--------------------------------
William C. Morris
Chairman
December 22, 1966
Revised: March 8, 1968 December 7, 1990
January 14, 1970 November 18, 1991
March 21, 1975 April 1, 1993
May 1, 1981 November 1, 1994
May 1, 1982 February 28, 1995
April 1, 1985 November 19, 1999*
9
<PAGE>
March 27, 1989
* Refers to the incorporation of the Code of Ethics of the Seligman Investment
Companies originally adopted June 12, 1962, as amended.
10
<PAGE>
Appendix A
Amended November 19, 1999
J. & W. Seligman & Co. Incorporated - Insider Trading Policies and Procedures
SECTION I. BACKGROUND
Introduction
United States law creates an affirmative duty on the part of broker-dealers
and investment advisers to establish, maintain and enforce written policies and
procedures that provide a reasonable and proper system of supervision,
surveillance and internal control to prevent the misuse of material, non-public
information by the broker-dealer, investment adviser or any person associated
with them. The purpose of these procedures is to meet those requirements. The
following procedures apply to J. & W. Seligman & Co. Incorporated, its
subsidiaries and affiliates (collectively, "Seligman") and all officers,
directors and employees (collectively, "Employees") thereof.
Statement of Policy
No Employee may trade, either personally or on behalf of others, on
material, non-public information or communicate material, non-public information
to another in violation of the law. This policy extends to activities within and
outside their duties at Seligman. Each Employee must read, acknowledge receipt
and retain a copy of these procedures.
Inside Information
The term "insider trading" is not defined in the federal securities laws,
but generally is used to refer to the use of material, non-public information to
trade in securities or to communicate material, non-public information to
others.
While the law concerning insider trading is not static, it is understood
that the law generally prohibits:
A. trading by an insider, while in possession of material, non-public
information, or
B. trading by a non-insider, while knowingly in possession of material,
non-public information, where the information either was disclosed to
the non-insider in violation of an insider's duty to keep it
confidential or was misappropriated, or
C. communicating material, non-public information to others.
11
<PAGE>
The elements of insider trading and the penalties for such unlawful conduct
are discussed below. If you have any questions after reviewing these procedures,
you should consult the Director of Compliance, General Counsel or Associate
General Counsel.
1. Who Is An Insider?
The concept of "insider" is broad. It includes Employees of a company. In
addition, a person can be a "temporary insider" if he or she enters into a
special confidential relationship in the conduct of a company's affairs and
as a result is given access to information solely for the company's
purposes. A temporary insider can include, among others, a company's
attorneys, accountants, consultants, bank lending officers, and the
Employees of such organizations. In addition, Seligman may become a
temporary insider of a company it advises or for which it performs other
services. According to the Supreme Court, the company must expect the
outsider to keep the disclosed non-public information confidential and the
relationship must at least imply such a duty before the outsider will be
considered an insider.
2. What Is Material Information?
Trading on inside information is not a basis for liability unless the
information is material. "Material information" generally is defined as
information for which there is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable
investor would consider it important in making his or her investment
decisions, or information that is reasonably certain to have a substantial
affect on the price of a company's securities. Information that Employees
should consider material includes, but is not limited to: dividend changes,
earnings estimates, changes in previously released earnings estimates,
significant merger or acquisition proposals or agreements, major
litigation, liquidation problems and extraordinary management developments.
In addition, information about major contracts or new customers could also
qualify as material, depending upon the importance of such developments to
the company's financial condition or anticipated performance.
Material information does not have to relate to a company's business. For
example, in Carpenter v. U.S., 408 U.S. 316 (1987), the Supreme Court
considered as material certain information about the contents of a
forthcoming newspaper column that was expected to affect the market price
of a Security. In that case, a Wall Street Journal reporter was found
criminally liable for disclosing to others the dates that reports on
various companies would appear in the Journal and whether those reports
would be favorable or not.
3. What Is Non-Public Information?
Information is non-public until it has been effectively communicated to the
market place. One must be able to point to some fact to show that the
information is generally public. For example, information found in a report
filed with the SEC, or appearing in Dow Jones,
12
<PAGE>
Reuters Economic Services, The Wall Street Journal or other publications of
general circulation would be considered public. However, see Section II,
Paragraph 2.
4. Penalties for Insider Trading
Penalties for trading on or communicating material, non-public information
are severe, both for individuals involved in such unlawful conduct and
their employers. A person can be subject to some or all of the penalties
below even if he or she does not personally benefit from the violation.
Penalties include:
- Civil injunctions
- Disgorgement of profits
- Jail sentences
- Fines for the person who committed the violation of up to three times
the profit gained or loss avoided, whether or not the person actually
benefited, and
- Fines for the employer or other controlling person of up to the
greater of $1,000,000 or three times the amount of the profit gained
or loss avoided.
In addition, any violation of policies and procedures set forth herein can
be expected to result in serious sanctions by Seligman, including dismissal of
the persons involved.
SECTION II. PROCEDURES
Procedures to Implement Policy Against Insider Trading.
The following procedures have been established to assist the Employees of
Seligman in avoiding insider trading, and to aid Seligman in preventing,
detecting and imposing sanctions against insider trading. Every Employee of
Seligman must follow these procedures or risk serious sanctions, including
dismissal, substantial personal liability and criminal penalties. If you have
any questions about these procedures you should consult the Director of
Compliance, the General Counsel or Associate General Counsel.
1. Identifying Inside Information.
Before trading for yourself or others (including investment companies and
private Accounts managed by Seligman), in the securities of a company about
which you may have potential inside information, ask yourself the following
questions:
13
<PAGE>
a. Is the information material? Is this information that an investor
would consider important in making his or her investment decisions? Is
this information that would substantially affect the market price of
the securities if generally disclosed?
b. Is the information non-public? To whom has this information been
provided? Has the information been effectively communicated to the
marketplace in a publication of general circulation or does it fall
within the circumstances set forth in paragraph 2 below.
If, after consideration of the above, you believe that the information is
material and non-public, or if you have questions as to whether the information
is material and non-public, you should take the following steps:
c. Report the matter immediately to the Director of Compliance, General
Counsel or Associate General Counsel.
d. Do not purchase or sell the securities on behalf of yourself or
others, including investment companies or private Accounts managed by
Seligman.
e. Do not communicate the information inside or outside Seligman other
than to the Director of Compliance, General Counsel or Associate
General Counsel.
f. After the Director of Compliance, General Counsel or Associate General
Counsel has reviewed the issue, you will be instructed to continue the
prohibitions against trading and communication, or you will be allowed
to trade and communicate the information.
2. Important Specific Examples
a. If you have a telephone or face-to-face conversation with a senior
executive of a publicly-traded company and are provided information
about the company that you have reason to believe has not yet been
disclosed in a widely-disseminated publication such as a press
release, quarterly report or other public filing, you have received
non-public information. This information is considered non-public even
if you believe that the company executive would provide the same
information to other analysts or portfolio managers who call the
company. Until information has been disclosed in a manner that makes
it available to (or capable of being accessed by) the investment
community as a whole, it is considered non-public. If the information
is material, as described above, you may not trade while in possession
of this information unless you first discuss the matter and obtain
approval from the Director of Compliance, General Counsel or Associate
General Counsel. Although it may be lawful for an analyst to act on
the basis of material information that the company's management has
chosen to disclose selectively to that analyst, where the information
is provided in a one-on-one context, regulators are likely to question
such conduct.
14
<PAGE>
Approval from the Law and Regulation Department will therefore depend
on the specific circumstances of the information and the disclosure.
Under the Supreme Court's important decision of Dirks v. SEC, 463 U.S.
646 (1983), securities analysts may be free to act on selectively
disclosed material information if it is provided by company executives
exclusively to achieve proper corporate purposes.
b. If you obtain material information in the course of an analysts'
conference call or meeting conducted by a publicly-traded company in
the ordinary course of its business in which representatives of
several other firms or investors are also present (as distinguished
from the one-on-one situation described in the preceding paragraph),
you may act on the basis of that information without need to consult
with the Director of Compliance, General Counsel or Associate General
Counsel, even if the information has not yet been published by the
news media. You should be aware, however, that if there is something
highly unusual about the meeting or conference call that leads you to
question whether it has been authorized by the company or is otherwise
suspect, you should first consult with the Director of Compliance,
General Counsel or Associate General Counsel.
c. If you are provided material information by a company and are
requested to keep such information confidential, you may not trade
while in possession of that information before first obtaining the
approval of the Director of Compliance, General Counsel or the
Associate General Counsel.
As these examples illustrate, the legal requirements governing insider
trading are not always obvious. You should therefore always consult with the
Director of Compliance, General Counsel or Associate General Counsel if you have
any question at all about the appropriateness of your proposed conduct.
3. Restricting Access To Material, Non-Public Information
Information in your possession that you identify as material and non-public
may not be communicated to anyone, including persons within Seligman,
except as provided in paragraphs 1 and 2 above. In addition, care should be
taken so that such information is secure. For example, files containing
material, non-public information should be sealed; access to computer files
containing material, non-public information should be restricted.
4. Resolving Issues Concerning Insider Trading
If, after consideration of the items set forth in paragraphs 1 and 2, doubt
remains as to whether information is material or non-public, or if there is
any unresolved question as to the applicability or interpretation of the
foregoing procedures, or as to the propriety of any action, it must be
discussed with the Director of Compliance, General Counsel and or the
Associate General Counsel before trading or communicating the information
to anyone.
15
<PAGE>
5. Personal Securities Trading
All Employees shall follow with respect to personal Securities trading the
procedures set forth in the Code of Ethics. In addition, no Employee shall
establish a brokerage Account with a Firm other than those previously
approved without the prior consent of the Director of Compliance and every
Employee shall be subject to reporting requirements under Section III.5 of
the Code of Ethics. The Director of Compliance, or his designee, shall
monitor the personal Securities trading of all Employees.
16
