<PAGE>
Exhibit 3.4
AMENDED AND RESTATED
B Y - L A W S
OF
TVIA, INC.
(a Delaware corporation)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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ARTICLE 1 Meeting of Stockholders................................... 1
1.1 Place of Meeting.......................................... 1
1.2 Annual Meeting............................................ 1
1.3 Special Meetings.......................................... 2
1.4 Notice of Meetings........................................ 2
1.5 List of Stockholders...................................... 2
1.6 Organization and Conduct of Business...................... 3
1.7 Quorum and Adjournments................................... 3
1.8 Voting Rights............................................. 3
1.9 Majority Vote............................................. 3
1.10 Record Date for Stockholder Notice and Voting............. 3
1.11 Proxies................................................... 4
1.12 Inspectors of Election.................................... 4
1.13 Action Without a Meeting.................................. 4
ARTICLE 2 Directors................................................. 4
2.1 Number, Election, Tenure and Qualifications............... 4
2.2 Enlargement and Vacancies................................. 6
2.3 Resignation and Removal................................... 6
2.4 Powers.................................................... 6
2.5 Chairman of the Board..................................... 6
2.6 Place of Meetings......................................... 6
2.7 Annual Meetings........................................... 6
2.8 Regular Meetings.......................................... 6
2.9 Special Meetings.......................................... 7
2.10 Quorum, Action at Meeting, Adjournments................... 7
2.11 Action Without Meeting.................................... 7
2.12 Telephone Meetings........................................ 7
2.13 Committees................................................ 7
2.14 Fees and Compensation of Directors........................ 8
ARTICLE 3 Officers.................................................. 8
3.1 Officers Designated....................................... 8
3.2 Election.................................................. 8
3.3 Tenure.................................................... 8
3.4 The Chief Executive Officer............................... 9
3.5 The President............................................. 9
3.6 The Vice President........................................ 9
3.7 The Secretary............................................. 9
3.8 The Assistant Secretary................................... 10
3.9 The Chief Financial Officer............................... 10
3.10 Treasurer and Assistant Treasurers........................ 10
3.11 Bond...................................................... 10
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
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3.12 Delegation of Authority................................... 10
ARTICLE 4 Notices................................................... 11
4.1 Delivery.................................................. 11
4.2 Waiver of Notice.......................................... 11
ARTICLE 5 Indemnification........................................... 11
5.1 Actions Other Than By or in the Right of the Corporation.. 11
5.2 Actions By or in the Right of the Corporation............. 12
5.3 Success on the Merits..................................... 12
5.4 Specific Authorization.................................... 12
5.5 Advance Payment........................................... 12
5.6 Non-Exclusivity........................................... 12
5.7 Insurance................................................. 13
5.8 Severability.............................................. 13
5.9 Intent of Article......................................... 13
ARTICLE 6 Capital Stock............................................. 13
6.1 Certificates for Shares................................... 13
6.2 Transfer of Stock......................................... 14
6.3 Registered Stockholders................................... 14
6.4 Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates.................... 14
ARTICLE 7 Certain Transactions....................................... 14
7.1 Transactions with Interested Parties...................... 14
7.2 Quorum.................................................... 15
ARTICLE 8 General Provisions........................................ 15
8.1 Dividends................................................. 15
8.2 Reserves.................................................. 15
8.3 Checks.................................................... 15
8.4 Corporate Seal............................................ 15
8.5 Fiscal Year............................................... 15
8.6 Execution of Corporate Contracts and Instruments.......... 15
8.7 Representation of Shares of Other Corporations............ 16
ARTICLE 9 Amendments................................................ 16
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AMENDED AND RESTATED
B Y - L A W S
OF
Tvia, INC.
(a Delaware corporation)
ARTICLE 1
Meeting of Stockholders
-----------------------
1.1 Place of Meeting. Meetings of stockholders may be held at such
----------------
place, either within or without of the State of Delaware, as may be designated
by or in the manner provided in these by-laws, or, if not so designated, at the
registered office of the corporation or the principal executive offices of the
corporation.
1.2 Annual Meeting. Annual meetings of stockholders shall be held
--------------
each year at such date and time as shall be designated from time to time by the
Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer and stated in the notice of
the meeting. At such annual meeting, the stockholders shall elect by a plurality
vote the number of directors equal to the number of directors of the class whose
term expires at such meetings (or, if fewer, the number of directors properly
nominated and qualified for election) to hold office until the third succeeding
annual meeting of stockholders after their election. The stockholders shall also
transact such other business as may properly be brought before the meetings.
To be properly brought before the annual meeting, business must be (a)
specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at
the direction of the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer, (b)
otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the
Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer, or (c) otherwise properly
brought before the meeting by a stockholder of record. In addition to any other
applicable requirements, for business to be properly brought before the annual
meeting by a stockholder, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof
in writing to the Secretary of the corporation. To be timely, a stockholder's
notice must be delivered by a nationally recognized courier service or mailed by
first-class United States mail, postage or delivery charges prepaid, and
received at the principal executive offices of the corporation, addressed to the
attention of the Secretary of the corporation, not less than 60 days nor more
than 90 days prior to the scheduled date of the meeting (regardless of any
postponements, deferrals or adjournments of that meeting to a later date);
provided, however, that in the event that less than 75 days' notice or prior
public disclosure of the date of the scheduled meeting is given or made to
stockholders, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so received not
later than the earlier of (a) the close of business on the 15th day following
the day on which such notice of the date of the scheduled annual meeting was
mailed or such public disclosure was made, whichever first occurs, and (b) two
days prior to the date of the scheduled meeting. A stockholder's notice to the
Secretary shall set forth as to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring
before the annual meeting (i) a brief description of the business desired to be
brought before the annual
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meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (ii)
the name and record address of the stockholder proposing such business, (iii)
the class, series and number of shares of the corporation that are owned
beneficially by the stockholder, and (iv) any material interest of the
stockholder in such business.
Notwithstanding anything in these by-laws to the contrary, no business
shall be conducted at the annual meeting except in accordance with the
procedures set forth in this Section; provided, however, that nothing in this
Section shall be deemed to preclude discussion by any stockholder of any
business properly brought before the annual meeting.
The Chairman of the Board of Directors of the corporation (or such other
person presiding at the meeting in accordance with these by-laws) shall, if the
facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that business was not
properly brought before the meeting in accordance with the provisions of this
Section, and if he should so determine, he shall so declare to the meeting and
any such business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be
transacted.
1.3 Special Meetings. Special meetings of the stockholders may be
----------------
called for any purpose or purposes, unless otherwise prescribed by statute or by
the certificate of incorporation, by the Chief Executive Officer or Secretary
only at the request of the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or
President of the corporation or by a resolution duly adopted by the affirmative
vote of a majority of the Board of Directors. Such request shall state the
purpose or purposes of the proposed meeting. Business transacted at any special
meeting shall be limited to matters relating to the purpose or purposes stated
in the notice of meeting.
1.4 Notice of Meetings. Written notice of stockholders' meetings,
------------------
stating the place, date and time of the meeting and, in the case of a special
meeting, the purpose or purposes for which such special meeting is called, shall
be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting not less than 10
nor more than 60 days prior to the meeting.
When a meeting is adjourned to another place, date or time, written
notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the place, date and time
thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken;
provided, however, that if the date of any adjourned meeting is more than 30
days after the date for which the meeting was originally noticed, or if a new
record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, written notice of the place,
date and time of the adjourned meeting shall be given in conformity herewith.
1.5 List of Stockholders. The officer in charge of the stock ledger
--------------------
of the corporation or the transfer agent shall prepare and make, at least 10
days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders
entitled to vote at the meeting arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the
address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of
each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder,
for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a
period of at least 10 days prior to the meeting, at a place within the city
where the meeting is to be held, which place, if other than the place of the
meeting, shall be specified in the notice of the meeting. The list shall also be
produced and kept at the place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and
may be inspected by any stockholder who is present in person thereat.
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1.6 Organization and Conduct of Business. The Chairman of the Board
------------------------------------
of Directors or, in his or her absence, the Chief Executive Officer or President
of the corporation or, in their absence, such person as the Board of Directors
may have designated or, in the absence of such a person, such person as may be
chosen by the holders of a majority of the shares entitled to vote who are
present, in person or by proxy, shall call to order any meeting of the
stockholders and act as Chairman of the meeting. In the absence of the Secretary
of the corporation, the secretary of the meeting shall be such person as the
Chairman appoints.
The Chairman of any meeting of stockholders shall determine the order
of business and the procedure at the meeting, including such regulation of the
manner of voting and the conduct of discussion as seems to him or her in order.
1.7 Quorum and Adjournments. Except where otherwise provided by law
-----------------------
or the certificate of incorporation or these by-laws, the holders of a majority
of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote, present in person or
represented in proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the
stockholders. The stockholders present at a duly called or held meeting at which
a quorum is present may continue to do business until adjournment,
notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to have less than a quorum
if any action taken (other than adjournment) is approved by at least a majority
of the shares required to constitute a quorum. At such adjourned meeting at
which a quorum is present or represented, any business may be transacted which
might have been transacted at the meeting as originally notified. If, however, a
quorum shall not be present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders,
the stockholders entitled to vote thereat who are present in person or
represented by proxy or, if no stockholder is present or represented by proxy,
by any officer entitled to preside at or to act as secretary of such meeting,
shall have the power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice
other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present or
represented.
1.8 Voting Rights. Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of
-------------
incorporation, each stockholder shall at every meeting of the stockholders be
entitled to one vote in person or by proxy for each share of the capital stock
having voting power held by such stockholder.
1.9 Majority Vote. When a quorum is present at any meeting, the vote
-------------
of the holders of a majority of the stock having voting power present in person
or represented by proxy shall decide any question brought before such meeting,
unless the question is one upon which by express provision of the statutes or of
the certificate of incorporation or of these by-laws, a different vote is
required in which case such express provision shall govern and control the
decision of such question.
1.10 Record Date for Stockholder Notice and Voting. For purposes of
---------------------------------------------
determining the stockholders entitled to notice of any meeting of stockholders
or any adjournment thereof, or to vote, or entitled to receive payment of any
dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to
exercise any right in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or
for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in
advance, a record date, which shall not be more than 60 days nor less than 10
days before the date of any such meeting nor more than 60 days before any other
action to which such record date relates. A determination of stockholders of
record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of
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stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however,
that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned
meeting. If the Board of Directors does not so fix a record date, the record
date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting
of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the business day next
preceding the day on which notice is given or, if notice is waived, at the close
of business on the business day next preceding the day on which the meeting is
held. The record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall
be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts
the resolution relating to such purpose.
1.11 Proxies. To the extent permitted by law, any stockholder of
-------
record may appoint a person or persons to act as the stockholder's proxy or
proxies at any stockholder meeting for the purpose of representing and voting
the stockholder's shares. The stockholder may make this appointment by any means
the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware specifically authorizes,
and by any other means the Secretary of the corporation may permit. Prior to any
vote, and subject to any contract rights of the proxy holder, the stockholder
may revoke the proxy appointment either directly or by the creation of a new
appointment, which will automatically revoke the former one. The inspector of
elections appointed for the meeting may establish requirements concerning such
proxy appointments or revocations that the inspector considers necessary or
appropriate to assure the integrity of the vote and to comply with law.
1.12 Inspectors of Election. The corporation shall, in advance of any
----------------------
meeting of stockholders, appoint one or more inspectors of election to act at
the meeting and make a written report thereof. The corporation may designate one
or more persons to act as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who
fails to act. If no inspector or alternate is able to act at a meeting of
stockholders, the person presiding at the meeting shall appoint one or more
inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before entering upon the
discharge of his or her duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to
execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the
best of his or her ability.
1.13 Action Without a Meeting. No action required or permitted to be
------------------------
taken at any annual or special meeting of the stockholders of the corporation
may be taken without a meeting and the power of the stockholders to consent in
writing, without a meeting, to the taking of any action is specifically denied.
ARTICLE 2
Directors
---------
2.1 Number, Election, Tenure and Qualifications. The number of
-------------------------------------------
directors which shall constitute the whole Board of Directors shall be not less
than five nor more than nine. Within such limit, the number of directors that
shall constitute the whole Board of Directors shall be fixed from time to time
by resolution adopted by a majority of the entire Board of Directors.
Thereafter, the number of directors which shall constitute the whole Board of
Directors shall be fixed from time to time by resolution of the Board of
Directors. The classes of directors that shall constitute the whole Board of
Directors shall be as provided in the certificate of incorporation.
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At each annual meeting of the stockholders, directors shall be elected
for that class of directors whose terms are then expiring, except as otherwise
provided in Section 2.2 of this Article, and each director so elected shall hold
office until such director's successor is duly elected and qualified or until
such director's earlier resignation, removal, death or incapacity.
Subject to the rights of holders of any class or series of stock having
a preference over the common stock as to dividends or upon liquidation,
nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors at the annual
meeting, by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, may be made by any
nominating committee or person appointed by the Board of Directors; nominations
may also be made by any stockholder of record of the corporation entitled to
vote for the election of directors at the meeting who complies with the notice
procedures set forth in this Section. Such nominations, other than those made by
or at the direction of the Board of Directors, shall be made pursuant to timely
notice in writing to the Secretary of the corporation. To be timely, a
stockholder's notice shall be delivered by a nationally recognized courier
service or mailed by first-class United States mail postage or delivery charges
prepaid, and received at the principal executive offices of the corporation
addressed to the attention of the Secretary of the corporation not less than 60
days nor more than 90 days prior to the scheduled date of the meeting
(regardless of any postponements, deferrals or adjournments of that meeting to a
later date); provided, however, that in the event that less than 75 days' notice
or prior public disclosure of the date of the scheduled meeting is given or made
to stockholders, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so received not
later than the earlier of (a) the close of business on the 15th day following
the day on which such notice of the date of the scheduled annual meeting was
mailed or such public disclosure was made, whichever first occurs, and (b) two
days prior to the date of the scheduled meeting. Such stockholder's notice to
the Secretary shall set forth (a) as to each person whom the stockholder
proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a director, (i) the name,
age, business address and residence address of the person, (ii) the principal
occupation or employment of the person, (iii) the class, series and number of
shares of capital stock of the corporation that are owned beneficially by the
person, (iv) a statement as to the person's citizenship, and (v) any other
information relating to the person that is required to be disclosed in
solicitations for proxies for election of directors pursuant to Section 14 of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations
promulgated thereunder; and (b) as to the stockholder giving the notice, (i) the
name and record address of the stockholder and (ii) the class, series and number
of shares of capital stock of the corporation that are owned beneficially by the
stockholder. The corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish such
other information as may reasonably be required by the corporation to determine
the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as director of the
corporation. No person shall be eligible for election as a director of the
corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth herein.
In connection with any annual meeting, the Chairman of the Board of
Directors (or such other person presiding at such meeting in accordance with
these by-laws) shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting
that a nomination was not made in accordance with the foregoing procedure, and
if he should so determine, he shall so declare to the meeting and the defective
nomination shall be disregarded.
Directors shall serve as provided in the certificate of incorporation of
the corporation. Directors need not be stockholders.
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2.2 Enlargement and Vacancies. The number of members of the Board of
-------------------------
Directors may be increased at any time by vote of a majority of the directors
then in office. Sole power to fill vacancies and newly created directorships
resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors shall be
vested in the Board of Directors through action by a majority of the directors
then in office, though less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director, and
each director so chosen shall hold office until the next annual election at
which the term of the class to which they have been elected expires and until
such director's successor is duly elected and qualified or until such director's
earlier resignation, removal from office, death or incapacity. If there are no
directors in office, then an election of directors may be held in the manner
provided by statute. In the event of a vacancy in the Board of Directors, the
remaining directors, except as otherwise provided by law or these by-laws, may
exercise the powers of the full board until the vacancy is filled.
2.3 Resignation and Removal. Any director may resign at any time upon
-----------------------
written notice to the corporation at its principal place of business or to the
Chief Executive Officer or the Secretary. Such resignation shall be effective
upon receipt of such notice unless the notice specifies such resignation to be
effective at some other time or upon the happening of some other event. Any
director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed, but only for cause, by
the holders of a majority of the shares then entitled to vote at an election of
directors, unless otherwise specified by law or the certificate of
incorporation.
2.4 Powers. The business of the corporation shall be managed by or
------
under the direction of the Board of Directors which may exercise all such powers
of the corporation and do all such lawful acts and things which are not by
statute or by the certificate of incorporation or by these by-laws directed or
required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.
2.5 Chairman of the Board. If the Board of Directors appoints a
---------------------
Chairman of the Board, such Chairman shall, when present, preside at all
meetings of the stockholders and the Board of Directors. The Chairman shall
perform such duties and possess such powers as are customarily vested in the
office of the Chairman of the Board or as may be vested in the Chairman by the
Board of Directors.
2.6 Place of Meetings. The Board of Directors may hold meetings,
-----------------
both regular and special, either within or without the State of Delaware.
2.7 Annual Meetings. The annual meetings of the Board of Directors
---------------
shall be held immediately following the annual meeting of stockholders, and no
notice of such meeting shall be necessary to the Board of Directors, provided a
quorum shall be present. The annual meetings shall be for the purposes of
organization, and an election of officers and the transaction of other business.
2.8 Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may
----------------
be held without notice at such time and place as may be determined from time to
time by the Board of Directors; provided that any director who is absent when
such a determination is made shall be given prompt notice of such determination.
A regular meeting may be held immediately following the annual meeting of
stockholders, and at the same place as the annual meeting of stockholders.
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2.9 Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may
----------------
be called by the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the
President, the Secretary, or on the written request of two or more directors, or
by one director in the event that there is only one director in office. Notice
of the time and place of special meetings shall be delivered personally or by
telephone to each director, or sent by first-class mail or telegram, cable,
commercial delivery service, telex, facsimile transmission, or electronic means,
charges prepaid, sent to such director's business or home address as they appear
upon the records of the corporation. In case such notice is mailed, it shall be
deposited in the United States mail at least four days prior to the time of
holding of the meeting. In case such notice is delivered personally or by
telegram, cable, commercial delivery service, telex, facsimile transmission, or
electronic means, it shall be so delivered at least four hours prior to the time
of the holding of the meeting. A notice or waiver of notice of a meeting of the
Board of Directors need not specify the purposes of the meeting.
2.10 Quorum, Action at Meeting, Adjournments. At all meetings of the
---------------------------------------
Board of Directors, a majority of directors then in office, but in no event less
than one third of the entire Board of Directors, shall constitute a quorum for
the transaction of business and the act of a majority of the directors present
at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the Board of
Directors, except as may be otherwise specifically provided by law or by the
certificate of incorporation. For purposes of this section, the term "entire"
shall mean the number of directors last fixed by the stockholders or directors,
as the case may be, in accordance with law and these by-laws; provided, however,
that if less than all the number so fixed of directors were elected, the "entire
Board" shall mean the greatest number of directors so elected to hold office at
any one time pursuant to such authorization. If a quorum shall not be present at
any meeting of the Board of Directors, a majority of the directors present
thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than
announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.
2.11 Action Without Meeting. Unless otherwise restricted by the
----------------------
certificate of incorporation or these by-laws, any action required or permitted
to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof
may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board of Directors or
committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing, and the writing or
writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or
committee.
2.12 Telephone Meetings. Unless otherwise restricted by the
------------------
certificate of incorporation or these by-laws, any member of the Board of
Directors or any committee thereof may participate in a meeting of the Board of
Directors or of any committee, as the case may be, by means of conference
telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons
participating in the meeting can hear each other, and such participation in a
meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.
2.13 Committees. The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by
----------
a majority of the whole Board of Directors, designate one or more committees,
each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the corporation.
The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members
of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any
meeting of the committee. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the
resolution of the Board of Directors, shall have and may exercise all the powers
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and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and
affairs of the corporation, and may authorize the seal of the corporation to be
affixed to all papers which may require it; but no such committee shall have the
power or authority in reference to amending the certificate of incorporation,
adopting an agreement of merger or consolidation, recommending to the
stockholders the sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of the
corporation's property and assets, recommending to the stockholders a
dissolution of the corporation or a revocation of a dissolution, or amending the
by-laws of the corporation; and, unless the resolution designating such
committee or the certificate of incorporation expressly so provide, no such
committee shall have the power or authority to declare a dividend or to
authorize the issuance of stock. Such committee or committees shall have such
name or names as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by
the Board of Directors. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its
meetings and make such reports to the Board of Directors as the Board of
Directors may request. Except as the Board of Directors may otherwise determine,
any committee may make rules for the conduct of its business, but unless
otherwise provided by the directors or in such rules, its business shall be
conducted as nearly as possible in the same manner as is provided in these by-
laws for the conduct of its business by the Board of Directors.
2.14 Fees and Compensation of Directors. Unless otherwise restricted
----------------------------------
by the certificate of incorporation or these by-laws, the Board of Directors
shall have the authority to fix the compensation of directors. The directors may
be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board of
Directors and may be paid a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the
Board of Directors and/or a stated salary as director. No such payment shall
preclude any director from serving the corporation in any other capacity and
receiving compensation therefor. Members of special or standing committees may
be allowed like compensation for attending committee meetings.
ARTICLE 3
Officers
--------
3.1 Officers Designated. The officers of the corporation shall be
-------------------
chosen by the Board of Directors and shall be a Chief Executive Officer, a
President, a Secretary, and a Chief Financial Officer or Treasurer. The Board of
Directors may also choose a Chief Operating Officer, one or more Vice
Presidents, and one or more assistant Secretaries or assistant Treasurers. Any
number of offices may be held by the same person, unless the certificate of
incorporation or these by-laws otherwise provide.
3.2 Election. The Board of Directors at its first meeting after each
--------
annual meeting of stockholders shall choose a Chief Executive Officer, a
President, a Secretary, and a Chief Financial Officer or Treasurer. Other
officers may be appointed by the Board of Directors at such meeting, at any
other meeting, or by written consent or may be appointed by the Chief Executive
Officer pursuant to a delegation of authority from the Board of Directors.
3.3 Tenure. The officers of the corporation shall hold office until
------
their successors are chosen and qualify, unless a different term is specified in
the vote choosing or appointing such officer, or until such officer's earlier
death, resignation or removal. Any officer elected or appointed by the Board of
Directors or by the Chief Executive Officer may be removed with or
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without cause at any time by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of
Directors or a committee duly authorized to do so, except that any officer
appointed by the Chief Executive Officer may also be removed at any time by the
Chief Executive Officer. Any vacancy occurring in any office of the corporation
may be filled by the Board of Directors, at its discretion. Any officer may
resign by delivering such officer's written resignation to the corporation at
its principal place of business or to the Chief Executive Officer or the
Secretary. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless it is
specified to be effective at some other time or upon the happening of some other
event.
3.4 The Chief Executive Officer. Subject to such supervisory powers, if
---------------------------
any, as may be given by the Board of Directors to the Chairman of the Board, the
Chief Executive Officer shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and in
the absence of the Chairman of the Board, or if there be none, at all meetings
of the Board of Directors, shall have general and active management of the
business of the corporation and shall see that all orders and resolutions of the
Board of Directors are carried into effect. He or she shall execute bonds,
mortgages and other contracts requiring a seal, under the seal of the
corporation, except where required or permitted by law to be otherwise signed
and executed and except where the signing and execution thereof shall be
expressly delegated by the Board of Directors to some other officer or agent of
the corporation.
3.5 The President. The President shall, in the event there be no Chief
-------------
Executive Officer or in the absence of the Chief Executive Officer or in the
event of his or her disability or refusal to act, perform the duties of the
Chief Executive Officer, and when so acting, shall have the powers of and
subject to all the restrictions upon the Chief Executive Officer. The President
shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as may from time to
time be prescribed for such person by the Board of Directors or the Chief
Executive Officer.
3.6 The Vice President. The Vice President (or in the event there be more
------------------
than one, the Vice Presidents in the order designated by the directors, or in
the absence of any designation, in the order determined by their tenure in
office), shall, in the absence of the President or in the event of his or her
disability or refusal to act, perform the duties of the President, and when so
acting, shall have the powers of and subject to all the restrictions upon the
President. The Vice President(s) shall perform such other duties and have such
other powers as may from time to time be prescribed for them by the Board of
Directors or the Chief Executive Officer.
3.7 The Secretary. The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Board of
-------------
Directors and the stockholders and record all votes and the proceedings of the
meetings in a book to be kept for that purpose and shall perform like duties for
the standing committees, when required. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be
given, notice of all meetings of stockholders and special meetings of the Board
of Directors, and shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be
prescribed by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer, under whose
supervision he or she shall act. The Secretary shall have custody of the seal of
the corporation, and the Secretary, or an Assistant Secretary, shall have
authority to affix the same to any instrument requiring it, and, when so
affixed, the seal may be attested by his or her signature or by the signature of
such Assistant Secretary. The Board of Directors may give general authority to
any other officer to affix the seal of the corporation and to attest the
affixing thereof by his or her signature. The Secretary shall keep, or cause to
be kept, at the principal executive office or at the
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office of the corporation's transfer agent or registrar, as determined by
resolution of the Board of Directors, a share register, or a duplicate share
register, showing the names of all stockholders and their addresses, the number
and classes of shares held by each, the number and date of certificates issued
for the same and the number and date of cancellation of every certificate
surrendered for cancellation.
3.8 The Assistant Secretary. The Assistant Secretary, or if there be more
-----------------------
than one, the Assistant Secretaries in the order designated by the Board of
Directors (or in the absence of any designation, in the order determined by
their tenure in office) shall assist the Secretary in the performance of his or
her duties and, in the absence of the Secretary or in the event of his or her
inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the
Secretary and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as may
from time to time be prescribed by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive
Officer.
3.9 The Chief Financial Officer. The Chief Financial Officer shall have
---------------------------
the custody of the Corporate funds and securities and shall keep full and
accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the
corporation and shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name
and to the credit of the corporation in such depositories as may be designated
by the Board of Directors. The Chief Financial Officer shall disburse the funds
of the corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, taking proper
vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the Chief Executive Officer
and the Board of Directors, at its regular meetings, or when the Board of
Directors so requires, an account of all his or her transactions as Chief
Financial Officer and of the financial condition of the corporation. The Chief
Financial Officer shall perform such other duties and have other powers as may
from time to time be prescribed by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive
Officer.
3.10 Treasurer and Assistant Treasurers. The Treasurer shall have such
----------------------------------
duties as may be specified by the Chief Financial Officer to assist the Chief
Financial Officer in the performance of his or her duties and to perform such
other duties and have other powers as may from time to time be prescribed by the
Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer. It shall be the duty of the
Assistant Treasurers to assist the Treasurer in the performance of his or her
duties and to perform such other duties and have other powers as may from time
to time be prescribed by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer.
3.11 Bond. If required by the Board of Directors, any officer shall give
----
the corporation a bond in such sum and with such surety or sureties and upon
such terms and conditions as shall be satisfactory to the Board of Directors,
including without limitation a bond for the faithful performance of the duties
of such officer's office and for the restoration to the corporation of all
books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in such
officer's possession or under such officer's control and belonging to the
corporation.
3.12 Delegation of Authority. The Board of Directors may from time to time
-----------------------
delegate the powers or duties of any officer to any other officers or agents,
notwithstanding any provision hereof.
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ARTICLE 4
Notices
-------
4.1 Delivery. Whenever, under the provisions of law, or of the certificate
--------
of incorporation or these by-laws, written notice is required to be given to any
director or stockholder, such notice may be given by mail, addressed to such
director or stockholder, at such person's address as it appears on the records
of the corporation, with postage thereon prepaid, and such notice shall be
deemed to be given at the time when the same shall be deposited in the United
States mail or delivered to a nationally recognized courier service. Unless
written notice by mail is required by law, written notice may also be given by
telegram, cable, telecopy, commercial delivery services, telex or similar means,
addressed to such director or stockholder at such person's address as it appears
on the records of the corporation, in which case such notice shall be deemed to
be given when delivered into the control of the persons charged with effecting
such transmission, the transmission charge to be paid by the corporation or the
person sending such notice and not by the addressee. Oral notice or other in-
hand delivery, in person or by telephone, shall be deemed given at the time it
is actually given.
4.2 Waiver of Notice. Whenever any notice is required to be given under
----------------
the provisions of law or of the certificate of incorporation or of these by-
laws, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to
said notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed
equivalent thereto. In addition to the foregoing, notice of a meeting need not
be given to any director who signs a waiver of notice or a consent to holding
the meeting or an approval of the minutes thereof, whether before or after the
meeting, or who attends the meeting without protesting, prior thereto or at its
commencement, the lack of notice to such director. All such waivers, consents
and approvals executed under this Section 5.4 shall be filed with the corporate
records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting.
ARTICLE 5
Indemnification
---------------
5.1 Actions Other Than By or in the Right of the Corporation. Subject to
--------------------------------------------------------
Section 5.4, the corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or
is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action,
suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative
(other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the
fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the
corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a
director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint
venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys'
fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably
incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if
such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed
to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with
respect to any criminal action or proceedings, had no reasonable cause to
believe such person's conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit
or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo
contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that
the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which such person
reasonably believed to be in
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<PAGE>
or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to
any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that such
person's conduct was unlawful.
5.2 Actions By or in the Right of the Corporation. Subject to Section 5.4,
---------------------------------------------
the corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is
threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or
suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by
reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or
agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation
as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership,
joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses (including attorneys'
fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the
defense or settlement of such action or suit if such person acted in good faith
and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the
best interests of the corporation and except that no indemnification shall be
made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have
been adjudged to be liable for negligence or misconduct in the performance of
such person's duty to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the
Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or the court in which such action or
suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication
of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is
fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of
Chancery of the State of Delaware or such other court shall deem proper.
5.3 Success on the Merits. To the extent that any person described in
---------------------
Sections 5.1 or 5.2 of this Article 5 has been successful on the merits or
otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in said
Sections, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, such person shall
be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and
reasonably incurred by such person in connection therewith.
5.4 Specific Authorization. Any indemnification under Sections 5.1 or 5.2
----------------------
of this Article 5 (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the corporation
only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that
indemnification of any person described in said Sections is proper in the
circumstances because such person has met the applicable standard of conduct set
forth in said Sections. Such determination shall be made (1) by the Board of
Directors by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not
parties to such action, suit or proceeding, or (2) if such a quorum is not
obtainable, or even if obtainable a quorum of disinterested directors so
directs, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (3) by the
stockholders of the corporation.
5.5 Advance Payment. Expenses incurred in defending a civil or criminal
---------------
action, suit or proceeding may be paid by the corporation in advance of the
final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding as authorized by the Board
of Directors in the manner provided for in Section 5.4 upon receipt of an
undertaking by or on behalf of any person described in said Section to repay
such amount unless it shall ultimately be determined that such person is
entitled to indemnification by the corporation as authorized in this Article 5.
5.6 Non-Exclusivity. The indemnification provided by this Article 5 shall
---------------
not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking
indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any bylaw,
agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested
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<PAGE>
directors or otherwise, both as to action in such person's official capacity and
as to action in another capacity while holding such office, and shall continue
as to a person who has ceased to be director, officer, employee or agent of the
corporation and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and
administrators of such a person. Any repeal or amendment of any of the
provisions of this Article 5 shall not adversely affect any right or potential
of any indemnitee existing at the time of such repeal or amendment.
5.7 Insurance. The Board of Directors may authorize, by a vote of the
---------
majority of the full Board of Directors, the corporation to purchase and
maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer,
employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the
corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability
asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity,
or arising out of such person's status as such, whether or not the corporation
would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under the
provisions of this Article 5.
5.8 Severability. If any word, clause or provision of this Article 5 or
------------
any award made hereunder shall for any reason be determined to be invalid, the
provisions hereof shall not otherwise be affected thereby but shall remain in
full force and effect.
5.9 Intent of Article. The intent of this Article 5 is to provide for
-----------------
indemnification to the fullest extent permitted by Section 145 of the General
Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. To the extent that such Section or any
successor Section may be amended or supplemented from time to time, this Article
5 shall be amended automatically and construed so as to permit indemnification
to the fullest extent from time to time permitted by law.
ARTICLE 6
Capital Stock
-------------
6.1 Certificates for Shares. The shares of the corporation shall be
-----------------------
represented by certificates or shall be uncertificated. Certificates shall be
signed by, or in the name of the corporation by, the Chairman of the Board, the
Chief Executive Officer, the President or a Vice President and by the Chief
Financial Officer, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the corporation.
Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any
officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature
has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer,
transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued
by the corporation with the same effect as if such person were such officer,
transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue. Certificates may be issued for
partly paid shares and in such case upon the face or back of the certificates
issued to represent any such partly paid shares, the total amount of the
consideration to be paid therefor, and the amount paid thereon shall be
specified.
Within a reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of uncertificated
stock, the corporation shall send to the registered owner thereof a written
notice containing the information required by the General Corporation Law of the
State of Delaware or a statement that the corporation will furnish without
charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers,
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<PAGE>
designations, preferences and relative participating, optional or other special
rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications,
limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights.
6.2 Transfer of Stock. Upon surrender to the corporation or the transfer
-----------------
agent of the corporation of a certificate of shares duly endorsed or accompanied
by proper evidence of succession, assignation or authority to transfer, and
proper evidence of compliance of other conditions to rightful transfer, it shall
be the duty of the corporation to issue a new certificate to the person entitled
thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the transaction upon its books.
Upon receipt of proper transfer instructions and proper evidence of compliance
of other conditions to rightful transfer from the registered owner of
uncertificated share, such uncertificated shares shall be canceled and issuance
of new equivalent uncertificated shares or certificated shares shall be made to
the person entitled thereto and the transaction shall be recorded upon the books
of the corporation.
6.3 Registered Stockholders. The corporation shall be entitled to
-----------------------
recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner
of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and to hold liable
for calls and assessments a person registered on its books as the owner of
shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or
interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not
it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by
the laws of Delaware.
6.4 Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates. The Board of Directors may
--------------------------------------
direct that a new certificate or certificates be issued to replace any
certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the corporation alleged to
have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that
fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or
destroyed. When authorizing the issue of a new certificate or certificates, the
Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the
issuance thereof, require the owner of the lost, stolen or destroyed certificate
or certificates, or his or her legal representative, to give reasonable evidence
of such loss, theft or destruction, to advertise the same in such manner as it
shall require, and/or to give the corporation a bond in such sum as it may
direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the corporation
with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed
or the issuance of such new certificate.
ARTICLE 7
Certain Transactions
--------------------
7.1 Transactions with Interested Parties. No contract or transaction
------------------------------------
between the corporation and one or more of its directors or officers, or between
the corporation and any other corporation, partnership, association or other
organization in which one or more of its directors or officers are directors or
have a financial interest, shall be void or voidable solely for this reason, or
solely because the director or officer is present at or participates in the
meeting of the Board of Directors or committee thereof which authorizes the
contract or transaction or solely because the vote or votes of such director or
officer are counted for such purpose, if:
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(a) the material facts as to such person's relationship or interest and as
to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the Board of
Directors or the committee, and the Board of Directors or committee in good
faith authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative votes of a
majority of the disinterested directors, even though the disinterested directors
be less than a quorum; or
(b) the material facts as to such person's relationship or interest and as
to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the stockholders
entitled to vote thereon, and the contract or transaction is specifically
approved in good faith by vote of the stockholders; or
(c) the contract or transaction is fair as to the corporation as of the
time it is authorized, approved or ratified, by the Board of Directors, a
committee thereof, or the stockholders.
7.2 Quorum. Common or interested directors may be counted in determining
------
the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the Board of Directors or of a
committee which authorizes the contract or transaction.
ARTICLE 8
General Provisions
------------------
8.1 Dividends. Dividends upon the capital stock of the corporation,
---------
subject to any restrictions contained in the General Corporation Law of the
State of Delaware or the provisions of the certificate of incorporation, if any,
may be declared by the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting or
by written consent. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property or in shares of
the capital stock, subject to the provisions of the certificate of
incorporation.
8.2 Reserves. The Board of Directors may set apart out of any funds of the
--------
corporation available for dividends a reserve or reserves for any proper purpose
and may abolish any such reserve.
8.3 Checks. All checks or demands for money and notes of the corporation
------
shall be signed by such officer or officers or such other person or persons as
the Board of Directors may from time to time designate.
8.4 Corporate Seal. The Board of Directors may, by resolution, adopt a
--------------
corporate seal. The corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of the
corporation, the year of its organization and the word "Delaware." The seal may
be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or
otherwise reproduced. The seal may be altered from time to time by the Board of
Directors.
8.5 Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the corporation shall be fixed by
-----------
resolution of the Board of Directors.
8.6 Execution of Corporate Contracts and Instruments. The Board of
------------------------------------------------
Directors, except as otherwise provided in these by-laws, may authorize any
officer or officers, or agent or agents, to enter into any contract or execute
any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the
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corporation; such authority may be general or confined to specific instances.
Unless so authorized or ratified by the Board of Directors or within the agency
power of an officer, no officer, agent or employee shall have any power or
authority to bind the corporation by any contract or engagement or to pledge its
credit or to render it liable for any purpose or for any amount.
8.7 Representation of Shares of Other Corporations. The Chief Executive
----------------------------------------------
Officer, the President or any Vice President, the Chief Financial Officer or the
Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer, or the Secretary or any Assistant
Secretary of this corporation is authorized to vote, represent and exercise on
behalf of this corporation all rights incident to any and all shares of any
corporation or corporations standing in the name of this corporation. The
authority herein granted to said officers to vote or represent on behalf of this
corporation any and all shares held by this corporation in any other corporation
or corporations may be exercised either by such officers in person or by any
other person authorized so to do by proxy or power of attorney duly executed by
said officers.
ARTICLE 9
Amendments
----------
The Board of Directors is expressly empowered to adopt, amend or
repeal these by-laws, provided, however, that any adoption, amendment or repeal
of these by-laws by the Board of Directors shall require the approval of at
least sixty-six and two-thirds percent of the total number of authorized
directors (whether or not there exist any vacancies in previously authorized
directorships at the time any resolution providing for adoption, amendment or
repeal is presented to the Board of Directors). The stockholders shall also have
power to adopt, amend or repeal these by-laws at any regular or special meeting
of stockholders, provided, however, that in addition to any vote of the holders
of any class or series of stock of this corporation required by law or by the
certificate of incorporation of this corporation, the affirmative vote of the
holders of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent of the voting power of all
of the then outstanding shares of the stock of the corporation entitled to vote
generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, shall
be required for such adoption, amendment or repeal by the stockholders of any
provisions of these by-laws and notice of such adoption, amendment or repeal
shall be contained in the notice of such meeting.
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