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EXHIBIT 2
ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS
ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION
OF
IDREAM.WS, INC.
ARTICLE I
The name of this corporation is Idream.ws, Inc.
ARTICLE II
The purpose of this corporation is to engage in any lawful act or
activity for which a corporation may be organized under the General Corporation
Law of California other than the banking business, the trust company business or
the practice of a profession permitted to be incorporated by the California
Corporations Code.
ARTICLE III
The name and address in the State of California for the corporation's
initial agent for service of process is Kennan E. Kaeder, Attorney at Law, 110
West "C" Street, Suite 1904, San Diego, California 92101.
ARTICLE IV
SECTION 1. CLASSES OF STOCK. This Corporation is authorized to issue
two classes of shares designated respectively Common Stock and Preferred Stock
and referred to either
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as Common Stock or Common shares and Preferred Stock or Preferred Shares,
respectively. The number of shares of Common Stock is 100,000,000, no par value,
and the number of shares of Preferred Stock is 10,000,000.
SECTION 2. POWERS, PREFERENCES, RIGHTS, QUALIFICATIONS, LIMITATIONS AND
RESTRICTIONS OF PREFERRED Stock. The Preferred Stock may be issued from time to
time in one or more series. The Board of Directors is hereby authorized to fix
or alter from time to time the designation, powers, preferences, privileges and
rights of the shares of each such series and the qualifications, limitations or
restrictions thereof, including without limitation the dividend rights, dividend
rate, conversion rights, voting rights, rights and terms of redemption
(including sinking fund provisions), redemption price or prices, and the
liquidation preferences of any wholly unissued series of Preferred Stock, and to
establish from time to time the number of shares constituting such series and
the designation thereof, or any of them; and to increase or decrease the number
of shares of any series subsequent to the issuance of shares of that series, but
not below the number of shares of such series then outstanding. In case the
number of shares of any series shall be decreased in accordance with the
foregoing sentence, the shares constituting such decrease shall resume the
status they had prior to the adoption of the resolution originally fixing the
number of shares of such series.
ARTICLE V
The liability of the directors of the corporation for monetary damages
shall be eliminated to the fullest extent permissible under California law.
ARTICLE VI
This Corporation is authorized to provide indemnification of agents as
defined in Section 317 of the California Corporations Code for breach of duty to
the corporation and its stockholders through by-law provisions or through
agreements with the agents, or both, in excess of the indemnification otherwise
permitted by Section 317 of the California Corporations Code, subject to the
limits on such excess indemnification set forth in Section 204 of the California
Corporations Code.
Dated: March 9, 2000 /s/ Kennan E. Kaeder
Kennan E. Kaeder, Incorporator
I hereby declare that I am the person who executed the above Articles
of Incorporation and such instrument is my act and deed.
/s/ Kennan E. Kaeder
Kennan E. Kaeder, Incorporator
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BYLAWS OF
IDREAM.WS, INC.
(A CALIFORNIA CORPORATION)
ARTICLE I
SHAREHOLDERS' MEETINGS
SECTION 1. TIME. An annual meeting for the election of directors and for the
transaction of any other proper business and any special meeting shall be held
on the date and at the time as the Board of Directors shall from time to time
fix.
Time of Meeting: One o'clock P.M.
Date of Meeting: The first day of May
SECTION 2. PLACE. Annual meetings and special meeting shall be held at such
place, within or without the State of California, as the Directors may, from
time to time, fix. Whenever the Directors shall fail to fix such place, the
meetings shall be held at the principal executive office of the corporation.
SECTION 3. CALL. Annual meetings may be called by the Directors, by the Chairman
of the Board, if any, Vice Chairman of the Board, if any, the President, if any,
the Secretary, or by any officer instructed by the Directors to call the
meeting. Special meetings may be called in like manner and by the holders of
shares entitled to cast not less than ten percent of the votes at the meeting
being called.
SECTION 4. NOTICE. Written notice stating the place, day and hour of each
meeting, and, in the case of a special meeting, the general nature of the
business to be transacted or, in the case of an Annual Meeting, those matters
which the Board of Directors, at the time of mailing of the notice, intends to
present for action by the shareholders, shall be given not less than ten days
(or not less than any such other minimum period of days as may be prescribed by
the General Corporation Law) or more than sixty days (or more than any such
maximum period of days as may be prescribed by the General Corporation Law)
before the date of the meeting, by mail, personally, or by other means of
written communication, charges prepaid by or at the direction of the Directors,
the President, if any, the Secretary or the officer or persons calling the
meeting, addressed to each shareholder at his address appearing on the books of
the corporation or given by him to the corporation for the purpose of notice,
or, if no such address appears or is given, at the place where the principal
executive office of the corporation is located or by publication at least once
in a newspaper of general circulation in the county in which the said principal
executive office is located.
Such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited in the
United States mail with first class postage therein prepaid, or sent by other
means of written communication addressed to the shareholder at his address as it
appears on the stock transfer books of the corporation. The notice of any
meeting at which directors are to be elected shall include the names of nominees
intended at the time of notice to be presented by management for election. At an
annual meeting of shareholders, any matter relating to the affairs of the
corporation, whether or not stated in the notice of the meeting, may be brought
up for action except matters which the General Corporation Law requires to be
stated in the notice of the meeting. The notice of any annual or special meeting
shall also include, or be accompanied by, any additional
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statements, information, or documents prescribed by the General Corporation Law.
When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, notice of the adjourned
meeting need not be given if the time and place thereof are announced at the
meeting at which the adjournment is taken; provided that, if after the
adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of
the adjourned meeting shall be given to each shareholder. At the adjourned
meeting, the corporation may transact any business which might have been
transacted at the original meeting.
SECTION 5. CONSENT. The transaction of any meeting, however called and noticed,
and wherever held, shall be as valid as though a meeting was duly held after
regular call and notice, if a quorum is present and if, either before or after
the meeting, each of the shareholders or his proxy signs a written waiver of
notice or a consent to the holding of the meeting or an approval of the minutes
thereof. All such waivers, consents and approvals shall be filed with the
corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting. Attendance of a
person at a meeting constitutes a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when
the person objects, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any
business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened and except that
attendance at a meeting shall not constitute a waiver of any right to object to
the consideration of matters required by the General Corporation Law to be
included in the notice if such objection is expressly made at the meeting.
Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (f) of Section 601 of the General
Corporation Law, neither the business to be transacted at nor the purpose of any
regular or special meeting need be specified in any written waiver of notice.
SECTION 6. CONDUCT OF MEETING. Meetings of the shareholders shall be presided
over by one of the following officers in the order of seniority and if present
and acting -- the Chairman of the Board, if any, the Vice-Chairman of the Board,
if any, the President, if any, a Vice-President, or, if none of the foregoing is
in office and present and acting, by a chairman to be chosen by the
shareholders. The Secretary of the corporation, or in his absence, an Assistant
Secretary, shall act as secretary of every meeting, but, if neither the
Secretary nor an Assistant Secretary is present, the Chairman of the meeting
shall appoint a secretary of the meeting.
SECTION 7. PROXY REPRESENTATION. Every shareholder may authorize another person
or persons to act as his proxy at a meeting or by written action. No proxy shall
be valid after the expiration of eleven months from the date of its execution
unless otherwise provided in the proxy. Every proxy shall be revocable at the
pleasure of the person executing it prior to the vote or written action pursuant
thereto, except as otherwise provided by the General Corporation Law. As used
herein, a "proxy" shall be deemed to mean a written authorization signed by a
shareholder or a shareholder's attorney in fact giving another person or persons
power to vote or consent in writing with respect to the shares of such
shareholder, and "signed" as used herein shall be deemed to mean the placing of
such shareholder's name on the proxy, whether by manual signature, typewriting,
telegraphic transmission or otherwise by such shareholder or such shareholder's
attorney in fact. Where applicable, the form of any proxy shall comply with the
provisions of Section 604 of the General Corporation Law.
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SECTION 8. INSPECTORS - APPOINTMENT. In advance of any meeting, the Board of
Directors may appoint inspectors of election to act at the meeting and any
adjournment thereof. If inspectors of election are not so appointed, or, if any
persons so appointed fail to appear or refuse to act, the Chairman of any
meeting of shareholders may, and on the request of any shareholder or a
shareholder's proxy shall, appoint inspectors of election, or persons to replace
any of those who so fail or refuse, at the meeting. The number of inspectors
shall be either one or three. If appointed at a meeting on the request of one or
more shareholders or proxies, the majority of shares represented shall determine
whether one or three inspectors are to be appointed.
The inspectors of election shall determine the number of shares
outstanding and the voting power of each, the shares represented at the meeting,
the existence of a quorum, the authenticity, validity, and effect of proxies,
receive votes, ballots, if any, or consents, hear and determine all challenges
and questions in any way arising in connection with the right to vote, count and
tabulate all votes or consents, determine when the polls shall close, determine
the result, and do such acts as may be proper to conduct the election or vote
with fairness to all shareholders. If there are three inspectors of election,
the decision, act, or certificate of a majority shall be effective in all
respects as the decision, act, or certificate of all.
SECTION 9. SUBSIDIARY CORPORATIONS. Shares of this corporation owned by a
subsidiary shall not be entitled to vote on any matter. A subsidiary for these
purposes is defined as a corporation, the shares of which possessing more than
25% of the total combined voting power of all classes of shares entitled to
vote, are owned directly or indirectly through one or more subsidiaries.
SECTION 10. QUORUM; VOTE; WRITTEN CONSENT. The holders of a majority of the
voting shares shall constitute a quorum at a meeting of shareholders for the
transaction of any business. The shareholders present at a duly called or held
meeting at which a quorum is present may continue to do business until
adjournment notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough shareholders to leave less
than a quorum if any action taken, other than adjournment, is approved by at
least a majority of the shares required to constitute a quorum. In the absence
of a quorum, any meeting of shareholders may be adjourned from time to time by
the vote of a majority of the shares represented thereat, but no other business
may be transacted except as hereinbefore provided.
In the election of directors, a plurality of the votes cast shall
elect. No shareholder shall be entitled to exercise the right of cumulative
voting at a meeting for the election of directors unless the candidate's name or
the candidates' names have been placed in nomination prior to the voting and the
shareholder has given notice at the meeting the shareholder's votes. If any one
shareholder has given such notice, all shareholders may cumulate their votes for
such candidates in nomination.
Except as otherwise provided by the General Corporation Law, the
Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to
be taken at a meeting at which
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a quorum is present shall be authorized by the affirmative vote of a majority of
the shares represented at the meeting.
Except in the election of directors by written consent in lieu of a
meeting, and except as may otherwise be provided by the General Corporation Law,
the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action which may be taken at
any annual or special meeting may be taken without a meeting and without prior
notice, if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be
signed by holders of shares having not less than the minimum number of votes
that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which
all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted. Directors may not be
elected by written consent except by unanimous written consent of all shares
entitled to vote for the election of directors. Notice of any shareholder
approval pursuant to Section 310, 317, 1201 or 2007 without a meeting by less
than unanimous written consent shall be given at least ten days before the
consummation of the action authorized by such approval, and prompt notice shall
be given of the taking of any other corporate action approved by shareholders
without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent to those shareholders
entitled to vote who have not consented in writing.
SECTION 11. BALLOT. Elections of directors at a meeting need not be by ballot
unless a shareholder demands election by ballot at the election and before the
voting begins. In all other matters, voting need not be by ballot.
SECTION 12. SHAREHOLDERS' AGREEMENTS. Notwithstanding the above provisions in
the event this corporation elects to become a close corporation, an agreement
between two or more shareholders thereof, if in writing and signed by the
parties thereof, may provide that in exercising any voting rights the shares
held by them shall be voted as provided therein or in Section 706, and may
otherwise modify these provisions as to shareholders' meetings and actions.
ARTICLE II
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONS. The business and affairs of the corporation shall be
managed and all corporate powers shall be exercised by or under the direction of
its Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may delegate the management of
the day-to-day operation of the business of the corporation to a management
company or other person, provided that the business and affairs of the
corporation shall be managed and all corporate powers shall be exercised under
the ultimate direction of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors shall
have authority to fix the compensation of directors for services in any lawful
capacity.
Each director shall exercise such powers and otherwise perform such
duties in good faith, in the manner such director believes to be in the best
interests of the corporation, and with care, including reasonable inquiry, using
ordinary prudence, as a person in a like position would use under similar
circumstances. (Section 309).
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SECTION 2. EXCEPTION FOR CLOSE CORPORATION. Notwithstanding the provisions of
Section 1, in the event that this corporation shall elect to become a close
corporation as defined in Section 186, its shareholders may enter into a
Shareholders' Agreement as provided in section 300 (b). Said Agreement may
provide for the exercise of corporate powers and by the shareholders, provided
however such agreement shall, to the extent and so long as the discretion or
powers of the Board in its management of corporate affairs is controlled by such
agreement, impose upon each shareholder who is a party thereof, liability for
managerial acts performed or omitted by such person pursuant thereto otherwise
imposed upon Directors as provided in Section 300 (d).
SECTION 3. QUALIFICATION AND NUMBER. A director need not be a shareholder of the
corporation, a citizen of the United States, or a resident of the State of
California. The authorized number of directors constituting the Board of
Directors until further changed shall be one. Thereafter, the authorized number
of directors constituting the Board shall be at least three provided that,
whenever the corporation shall have only two shareholders, the number of
directors may be at least two, and, whenever the corporation shall have only one
shareholder, the number of directors may be at least one. Subject to the
foregoing provisions, the number of directors may be changed from time to time
by an amendment of these Bylaws adopted by the shareholders. Any such amendment
reducing the number of directors to fewer than five cannot be adopted if the
votes cast against its adoption at a meeting or the shares not consenting in
writing in the case of action by written consent are equal to more than sixteen
and two-thirds percent of the outstanding shares. No decrease in the authorized
number of directors shall have the effect of shortening the term of any
incumbent director.
SECTION 4. ELECTION AND TERM. The initial Board of Directors shall consist of
the persons elected at the meeting of the incorporator, all of whom shall hold
office until the first annual meeting of shareholders and until their successors
have been elected and qualified, or until their earlier resignation or removal
from office. Thereafter, directors who are elected to replace any or all of the
members of the initial Board of Directors or who are elected at an annual
meeting of shareholders, and directors who are elected in the interim to fill
vacancies, shall hold office until the next annual meeting of shareholders and
until their successors have been elected and qualified, or until their earlier
resignation, removal from office, or death. In the interim between annual
meetings of shareholders or of special meetings of shareholders called for the
election of directors, any vacancies in the Board of Directors, including
vacancies resulting from an increase in the authorized number of directors which
have not been filled by the shareholders, including any other vacancies which
the General Corporation Law authorizes directors to fill, and including
vacancies resulting from the removal of directors which are not filled at the
meeting of shareholders at which any such removal has been effected, if the
Articles of Incorporation or a Bylaw adopted by the shareholders so provides,
may be filled by the vote of a majority of the directors then in office or of
the sole remaining director, although less than a quorum exists. Any director
may resign effective upon giving written notice to the Chairman of the Board, if
any, the President, the Secretary or the Board of Directors, unless the notice
specifies a later time for the effectiveness of such resignation. If the
resignation is effective at a future time, a successor may be elected to the
office when the resignation becomes effective.
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The shareholders may elect a director at any time to fill any vacancy
which the directors are entitled to fill, but which they have not filled. Any
such election by written consent shall require the consent of a majority of the
shares.
SECTION 5. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES AND AGENTS. The
corporation may indemnify any Director, Officer, agent or employee as to those
liabilities and on those terms and conditions as are specified in Section 317.
In any event, the corporation shall have the right to purchase and maintain
insurance on behalf of any such persons whether or not the corporation would
have the power to indemnify such person against the liability insured against.
SECTION 6. MEETINGS.
TIME. Meetings shall be held at such time as the Board shall fix,
except that the first meeting of a newly elected Board shall be held as soon
after its election as the directors may conveniently assemble.
PLACE. Meetings may be held at any place, within or without the State
of California, which has been designated in any notice of the meeting, or, if
not stated in said notice, or, if there is no notice given, at the place
designated by resolution of the Board of Directors.
CALL. Meetings may be called by the Chairman of the Board, if any and
acting, by the Vice Chairman of the Board, if any, by the President, if any, by
any Vice President or Secretary, or by any two directors.
NOTICE AND WAIVER THEREOF. No notice shall be required for regular
meetings for which the time and place have been fixed by the Board of Directors.
Special meetings shall be held upon at least four days' notice by mail or upon
at least forty-eight hours' notice delivered personally or by telephone or
telegraph. Notice of a meeting need not be given to any director who signs a
waiver of notice, whether before or after the meeting, or who attends the
meeting without protesting, prior thereto or at its commencement, the lack of
notice to such director. A notice or waiver of notice need not specify the
purpose of any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors.
SECTION 7. SOLE DIRECTOR PROVIDED BY ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION.
In the event only one director is required by the Bylaws or Articles of
Incorporation, then any reference herein to notices, waivers, consents, meetings
or other actions by a majority quorum of the directors shall be deemed to refer
to such notice, waiver, etc., by such sole director, who shall have all the
rights and duties and shall be entitled to exercise all of the powers and shall
assume all the responsibilities otherwise herein described as given to a Board
of Directors.
SECTION 8. QUORUM AND ACTION. A majority of the authorized number of directors
shall constitute a quorum except when a vacancy or vacancies prevents such
majority,
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whereupon a majority of the directors in office shall constitute a quorum,
provided such majority shall constitute at least either one-third of the
authorized number of directors or at least two directors, whichever is larger,
or unless the authorized number of directors is only one. A majority of the
directors present, whether or not a quorum is present, may adjourn any meeting
to another time and place. If the meeting is adjourned for more than twenty-four
hours, notice of any adjournment to another time or place shall be given prior
to the time of the adjourned meeting to the directors, if any, who were not
present at the time of the adjournment. Except as the Articles of Incorporation,
these Bylaws and the General Corporation Law may otherwise provide, the act or
decision done or made by a majority of the Directors present at a meeting duly
held at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of Directors.
Members of the Board of Directors may participate in a meeting through use of
conference telephone or similar communications equipment, so long as all members
participating in such meeting can hear one another, and participation by such
use shall be deemed to constitute presence in person at any such meeting.
A meeting at which a quorum is initially present may continue to
transact business notwithstanding the withdrawal of directors, provided that any
action which may be taken is approved by at least a majority of the required
quorum for such meeting.
SECTION 9. CHAIRMAN OF THE MEETING. The Chairman of the Board, if any and if
present and acting, the Vice Chairman of the Board, if any and if present and
acting, shall preside at all meetings. Otherwise, the President, if any and
present and acting, or any director chosen by the board, shall preside.
SECTION 10. REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS. The entire Board of Directors or any
individual director may be removed from office without cause by approval of the
holders of at least a majority of the shares provided, that unless the entire
Board is removed, an individual director shall not be removed when the votes
cast against such removal, or not consenting in writing to such removal, would
be sufficient to elect such director if voted cumulatively at an election of
directors at which the same total number of votes were cast, or, if such action
is taken by written consent, in lieu of a meeting, all shares entitled to vote
were voted, and the entire number of directors authorized at the time of the
director's most recent election were then being elected. If any or all directors
are so removed, new directors may be elected at the same meeting or by such
written consent. The Board of Directors may declare vacant the office of any
director who has been declared of unsound mind by an order of court or convicted
of a felony.
SECTION 11. COMMITTEES. The Board of Directors, by resolution adopted by a
majority of the authorized number of directors, may designate one or more
committees, each consisting of two or more directors to serve at the pleasure of
the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may designate one or more
directors as alternate members of any such committee. Any such committee, to the
extent provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors, shall have all the
authority of the Board of Directors except such authority as may not be
delegated by the provisions of the General Corporation Law.
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SECTION 12. INFORMAL ACTION. The transactions of any meeting of the Board of
Directors, however called and noticed or wherever held, shall be as valid as
though had at a meeting duly held after regular call and notice, if a quorum is
present and if, either before or after the meeting each of the directors not
present signs a written waiver of notice, a consent to holding the meeting, or
an approval of the minutes thereof. All such waivers, consents, or approvals
shall be filed with the corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the
meeting.
SECTION 13. WRITTEN ACTION. Any action required or permitted to be taken may be
taken without a meeting if all of the members of the Board of Directors shall
individually or collectively consent in writing to such action. Any such written
consent or consents shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the
Board. Such action by written consent shall have the same force and effect as a
unanimous vote of such directors.
ARTICLE III
OFFICERS
SECTION 1. OFFICERS. The officers of the corporation shall be a Chairman of the
Board or a President or both, a Secretary and a Chief Financial Officer. The
corporation may also have, at the discretion of the Board of Directors, one or
more Vice Presidents, one or more Assistant Secretaries and such other officers
as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 3 of this
Article. One person may hold two or more offices.
SECTION 2. ELECTION. The officers of the corporation, except such officers as
may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 3 or Section 5 of
this Article shall be chosen annually by the Board of Directors, and each shall
hold his office until he shall resign or shall be removed or otherwise
disqualified to serve, or his successor shall be elected and qualified.
SECTION 3. SUBORDINATE OFFICERS, ETC.The Board of Directors may appoint such
other officers as the business of the corporation may require, each of whom
shall hold office for such period, have such authority and perform such duties
as are provided in the Bylaws or as the Board of Directors may from time to time
determine.
SECTION 4. REMOVAL AND RESIGNATION. Any officer may be removed, either with or
without cause, by a majority of the directors at the time in office, at any
regular or special meeting of the Board, or, except in case of an officer chosen
by the Board of Directors, by any officer upon whom such power of removal may be
conferred by the Board of Directors.
Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the
Board of Directors, or to the President, or to the Secretary of the corporation.
Any such resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of such notice
or at any later time specified therein; and, unless otherwise specified therein,
the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.
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SECTION 5. VACANCIES. A vacancy in any office because of death, resignation,
removal, disqualification or any other cause shall be filled in the manner
prescribed in the Bylaws for regular appointments to such office.
SECTION 6. CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD. The Chairman of the Board, if there shall be
such an officer, shall, if present, preside at all meetings of the Board of
Directors, and exercise and perform such other powers and duties as may be from
time to time assigned to him by the Board of Directors or prescribed by the
Bylaws.
SECTION 7. PRESIDENT. Subject to such supervisory powers, if any, as may be
given by the Board of Directors to the Chairman of the Board, if there be such
an officer, the President shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the
corporation and shall, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, have
general supervision, direction and control of the business and officers of the
corporation. He shall preside at all meetings of the shareholders and in the
absence of the Chairman of the Board, or if there be none, at all meetings of
the Board of Directors. He shall be ex officio a member of all the standing
committees, including the Executive Committee, if any, and shall have the
general powers and duties of management usually vested in the office of
President of a corporation, and shall have such other powers and duties as may
be prescribed by the Board of Directors or the Bylaws.
SECTION 8. VICE PRESIDENT. In the absence or disability of the President, the
Vice Presidents, in order of their rank as fixed by the Board of Directors, or
if not ranked, the Vice President designated by the Board of Directors, shall
perform all the duties of the President, and when so acting shall have all the
powers of, and be subject to, all the restrictions upon, the President. The Vice
Presidents shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as from
time to time may be prescribed for them respectively by the Board of Directors
or the Bylaws.
SECTION 9. SECRETARY. The Secretary shall keep, or cause to be kept, a book of
minutes at the principal office or such other place as the Board of Directors
may order, of all meetings of Directors and Shareholders, with the time and
place of holding, whether regular or special, and if special, how authorized,
the notice thereof given, the names of those present at Directors' meetings, the
number of shares present or represented at Shareholders' meetings and the
proceedings thereof.
The Secretary shall keep, or cause to be kept, at the principal office
or at the office of the corporation's transfer agent, a share register, or
duplicate share register, showing the names of the shareholders and their
addresses; the number and classes of shares held by each; the number and date of
cancellation of every certificate surrendered for cancellation.
The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all the
meetings of the shareholders and of the Board of Directors required by the
Bylaws or by law to be given, and he shall keep the seal of the corporation in
safe custody, and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as
may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or by the Bylaws.
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SECTION 10. CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER. This officer shall keep and maintain, or
cause to be kept and maintained in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles, adequate and correct accounts of the properties and business
transactions of the corporation, including accounts of its assets, liabilities,
receipts, disbursements, gains, losses, capital, earnings (or surplus) and
shares. The books of account shall at all reasonable times be open to inspection
by any director.
This officer shall deposit all monies and other valuables in the name
and to the credit of the corporation with such depositories as may be designated
by the Board of Directors. He shall disburse the funds of the corporation as may
be ordered by the Board of Directors, shall render to the President and
directors, whenever they request it, an account of all his transactions and of
the financial condition of the corporation, and shall have such other powers and
perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or the
Bylaws.
ARTICLE IV
CERTIFICATES AND TRANSFERS OF SHARES
SECTION 1. CERTIFICATES FOR SHARES. Each certificate for shares of the
corporation shall set forth therein the name of the record holder of the shares
represented thereby, the number of shares and the class or series of shares
owned by said holder, the par value, if any, of the shares represented thereby,
and such other statements, as applicable, prescribed by sections 416 - 419,
inclusive, and other relevant Sections of the General Corporation Law of the
State of California (the "General Corporation Law") and such other statements,
as applicable, which may be prescribed by the Corporate Securities Law of the
State of California and any other applicable provision of the law. Each such
certificate issued shall be signed in the name of the corporation by the
Chairman of the Board of Directors, if any, or the Vice Chairman of the Board of
Directors, if any, the President, if any, or a Vice President, if any, and by
the Chief Financial Officer or an Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or an
Assistant Secretary. Any or all of the signatures on a certificate for shares
may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has
signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate for
shares shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before
such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the corporation with the same
effect as if such person were an officer, transfer agent or registrar at the
date of issue.
In the event that the corporation shall issue the whole or any part of
its shares as partly paid and subject to call for the remainder of the
consideration to be paid therefor, any such certificate for shares shall set
forth thereon the statements prescribed by Section 409 of the General
Corporation Law.
SECTION 2. LOST OR DESTROYED CERTIFICATES FOR SHARES. The corporation may issue
a new certificate for shares or for any other security in the place of any other
certificate theretofore issued by it, which is alleged to have been lost, stolen
or destroyed. As a condition to such issuance, the corporation may require any
such owner of the allegedly lost, stolen or destroyed certificate or any such
owner's legal representative to give the corporation a bond, or other adequate
security, sufficient to indemnify it against any claim that may be made against
it,
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including any expense or liability, on account of the alleged loss, theft or
destruction of any such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate.
SECTION 3. SHARE TRANSFERS. Upon compliance with any provisions of the General
Corporation Law and/or the Corporate Securities Law of 1968 which may restrict
the transferability of shares, transfers of shares of the corporation shall be
made on the record of shareholders of the corporation by the registered holder
thereof, or by his attorney thereunto authorized by power of attorney duly
executed and filed with the Secretary of the corporation or with a transfer
agent or a registrar, if any, and on surrender of the certificate or
certificates for such shares properly endorsed and the payment of all taxes, if
any, due thereon.
SECTION 4. RECORD DATE FOR SHAREHOLDERS. In order that the corporation may
determine the shareholders entitled to notice of any meeting or to vote or be
entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment
of any rights or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any other lawful
action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance a record date, which shall
not be more than sixty days or fewer than ten days prior to the date of such
meeting or more than sixty days prior to any other action.
If the Board of Directors shall not have fixed a record date as
aforesaid, the record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice of or
to vote at a meeting of shareholders shall be at the close of business on the
business day next preceding the day on which notice is given or, if notice is
waived, at the close of business on the business day next preceding the day on
which the meeting is held; the record date for determining shareholders entitled
to give consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no prior
action by the Board of Directors has been taken, shall be the day on which the
first written consent is given; and the record date for determining shareholders
for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the
Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto, or the sixtieth day
prior to the day of such other action, whichever is later.
A determination of shareholders of record entitled to notice of or to
vote at a meeting of shareholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting
unless the Board of Directors fixes a new record date for the adjourned meeting,
but the Board of Directors shall fix a new record date if the meeting is
adjourned for more than forty-five days from the date set for the original
meeting.
Except as may be otherwise provided by the General Corporation Law,
shareholders on the record date shall be entitled to notice and to vote or to
receive any dividend, distribution or allotment of rights or to exercise the
rights, as the case may be, notwithstanding any transfer of any shares on the
books of the corporation after the record date.
SECTION 5. REPRESENTATION OF SHARES IN OTHER CORPORATIONS. Share of other
corporations standing in the name of this corporation may be voted or
represented and all incidents thereto may be exercised on behalf of the
corporation by the Chairman of the Board, the President or any Vice President of
any other person authorized by resolution of the Board of Directors.
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SECTION 6. MEANING OF CERTAIN TERMS. As used in these Bylaws in respect of the
right to notice of a meeting of shareholders or a waiver thereof or to
participate or vote thereat or to assent or consent or dissent in writing in
lieu of a meeting, as the case may be, the term "share" or "shares" or
"shareholder" or "shareholders" refers to an outstanding share or shares and to
a holder or holders record or outstanding shares when the corporation is
authorized to issue only one class of shares, and said reference is also
intended to include any outstanding share or shares and any holder or holders of
record of outstanding shares of any class upon which or upon whom the Articles
of Incorporation confer such rights here there are two or more classes or series
of shares or upon which or upon whom the General Corporation Law confers such
rights notwithstanding that the Articles of Incorporation may provide for more
than one class or series of shares, one or more of which are limited or denied
such rights thereunder.
SECTION 7. CLOSE CORPORATION CERTIFICATES. All certificates representing shares
of this corporation, in the event it shall elect to becomes a close corporation,
shall contain the legend required by Section 418 (c).
ARTICLE V
EFFECT OF SHAREHOLDERS' AGREEMENT-CLOSE CORPORATION
Any Shareholders' Agreement authorized by Section 300 (b) shall only be
effective to modify the terms of these Bylaws if this corporation elects to
becomes a close corporation with appropriate filing of or amendment to its
Articles as required by Section 202 and shall terminate when this corporation
ceases to be a close corporation. Such an agreement cannot waive or alter
Sections 158 (defining close corporations), 202 (requirements of Articles of
Incorporation), 500 and 501 relative to distributions, 111 (merger), 1201(e)
(reorganization) or Chapters 15 (Records and Reports, 16 (Rights of Inspection),
18 (Involuntary Dissolution) or 2 (Crimes and Penalties). Any other provisions
of the Code or these Bylaws may be altered or waived thereby, but to the extent
they are not so altered or waived, these Bylaws shall be applicable.
ARTICLE VI
CORPORATE CONTRACTS AND INSTRUMENTS - HOW EXECUTED
The Board of Directors, except as in the Bylaws otherwise provided, may
authorize any officer or officers, agent or agents, to enter into any contract
or execute any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the corporation. Such
authority may be general or confined to specific instances. Unless so authorized
by the Board of Directors, no officer, agent or employee shall have any power or
authority to bind the corporation by any contract or agreement to bind the
corporation by any contract or agreement, or to pledge its credit, or to render
it liable for any purposes or any amount, except as provided in Section 313 of
the Corporations Code.
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ARTICLE VII
CONTROL OVER BYLAWS
After the initial Bylaws of the corporation shall have been adopted by
the incorporator or incorporators of the corporation, the Bylaws may be amended
or repealed or new Bylaws may be adopted by the shareholders entitled to
exercise a majority of the voting power or by the Board of Directors; provided,
however, that the Board of Directors shall have no control over any By-Law which
fixes or changes the authorized number of directors of the corporation;
provided, further, that any control over the Bylaws herein vested in the Board
of Directors shall be subject to the authority of the aforesaid shareholders to
amend or repeal the Bylaws or to adopt new Bylaws; and provided further that any
By-Law amendment or new By-Law which changes the minimum number of directors to
fewer than five shall require authorization by the greater proportion of voting
power of the shareholders as hereinbefore set forth.
ARTICLE VIII
BOOKS AND RECORDS
SECTION 1. RECORDS: STORAGE AND INSPECTION. The corporation shall keep at its
principal executive office in the State of California, or, if its principal
executive office is not in the State of California, the original or a copy of
the Bylaws as amended to date, which shall be open to inspection by the
shareholders at all reasonable times during office hours. If the principal
executive office of the corporation is outside the State of California, and, if
the corporation has no principal business office in the State of California, it
shall upon request of any shareholder furnish a copy of the Bylaws to date.
The corporation shall keep adequate and correct books and records of
account and shall keep minutes of the proceedings of its shareholders, Board of
Directors and committees, if any, and of the Board of Directors. The corporation
shall keep at its principal executive office, or at the office of its transfer
agent or registrar, a record of its shareholders, giving the names and addresses
of all shareholders and the number and class of shares held by each. Such
minutes shall be in written form. Such other books and records shall be kept
either in written form or in any other form capable of being converted into
written form.
SECTION 2. RECORD OF PAYMENTS. All checks, drafts or other orders or payment of
money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness, issued in the name of or
payable to the corporation, shall be signed or endorsed by such person or
persons and in such manner as shall be determined from time to time by
resolution of the Board of Directors.
SECTION 3. ANNUAL REPORT. Whenever the corporation shall have fewer than one
hundred shareholders, the Board of Directors shall not be required to cause to
be sent to the shareholders of the corporation the annual report prescribed by
Section 1501 of the General Corporation Law unless it shall determine that a
useful purpose would be served by causing the same to be sent or unless the
Department of Corporations, pursuant to the provisions of the Corporate
Securities Law of 1968, shall direct the sending of the same.
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CERTIFICATE OF ADOPTION OF BYLAWS
ADOPTION BY INCORPORATOR(S) OR FIRST DIRECTOR(S)
The undersigned person(s) appointed in the Articles of Incorporation to
act as the Incorporator(s) or First Director(s) of the above-named corporation
hereby adopt the same as the Bylaws of said corporation.
Executed this 11th day of June, 2000
/s/ Sheldon Silverman
Signature
Sheldon Silverman
Print Name
THIS IS TO CERTIFY:
That I am the duly-elected, qualified and acting Secretary of the
above-named corporation; that the foregoing Bylaws were adopted as the Bylaws of
said corporation on the date set forth above by the person(s) appointed in the
Articles of Incorporation to act as the Incorporator(s) or First Director(s) of
said corporation.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the
corporate seal this 11th day of June, 2000
/s/Sheldon Silverman
Secretary
(SEAL)
CERTIFICATE BY SECRETARY OF ADOPTION BY SHAREHOLDERS' VOTE.
THIS IS TO CERTIFY:
That I am the duly elected, qualified and acting Secretary of the
above-named corporation and that the above and foregoing Code of Bylaws was
submitted to the shareholders at their first meeting held on the date set forth
in the Bylaws and recorded in the minutes thereof, was ratified by the vote of
shareholders entitled to exercise the majority of the voting power of said
corporation.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 11th day of June,
2000
/s/Sheldon Silverman
Secretary
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