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Exhibit 3.2
BY-LAWS
of
CORECOMM MERGER SUB, INC.
(A Delaware Corporation)
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ARTICLE 1
DEFINITIONS
As used in these By-laws, unless the context otherwise
requires, the term:
1.1 "Assistant Secretary" means an Assistant Secretary of the
Corporation.
1.2 "Assistant Treasurer" means an Assistant Treasurer of the
Corporation.
1.3 "Board" means the Board of Directors of the Corporation.
1.4 "By-laws" means the initial by-laws of the Corporation, as
amended from time to time.
1.5 "Certificate of Incorporation" means the initial
certificate of incorporation of the Corporation, as amended, supplemented or
restated from time to time.
1.6 "Chairman" means the Chairman of the Board of Directors of
the Corporation.
1.7 "Corporation" means CoreComm Merger Sub, Inc.
1.8 "Directors" means directors of the Corporation.
1.9 "Entire Board" means all directors of the Corporation in
office, whether or not present at a meeting of the Board, but disregarding
vacancies.
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1.10 "General Corporation Law" means the General Corporation
Law of the State of Delaware, as amended from time to time.
1.11 "Office of the Corporation" means the executive office of
the Corporation, anything in Section 131 of the General Corporation Law to the
contrary notwithstanding.
1.12 "President" means the President of the Corporation.
1.13 "Secretary" means the Secretary of the Corporation.
1.14 "Stockholders" means stockholders of the Corporation.
1.15 "Treasurer" means the Treasurer of the Corporation.
1.16 "Vice President" means a Vice President of the
Corporation.
ARTICLE 2
STOCKHOLDERS
2.1 Place of Meetings. Every meeting of stockholders shall be
held at the office of the Corporation or at such other place within or without
the State of Delaware as shall be specified or fixed in the notice of such
meeting or in the waiver of notice thereof.
2.2 Annual Meeting. A meeting of stockholders shall be held
annually for the election of Directors and the transaction of other business at
such hour and on such business day in August or September or as may be
determined by the Board and designated in the notice of meeting.
2.3 Deferred Meeting for Election of Directors, Etc. If the
annual meeting of stockholders for the election of Directors and the transaction
of other business
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is not held within the months specified in Section 2.2 hereof, the Board shall
call a meeting of stockholders for the election of Directors and the transaction
of other business as soon thereafter as convenient.
2.4 Other Special Meetings. A special meeting of stockholders
(other than a special meeting for the election of Directors), unless otherwise
prescribed by statute, may be called at any time by the Board or by the
President or by the Secretary. At any special meeting of stockholders only such
business may be transacted as is related to the purpose or purposes of such
meeting set forth in the notice thereof given pursuant to Section 2.6 hereof or
in any waiver of notice thereof given pursuant to Section 2.7 hereof.
2.5 Fixing Record Date. For the purpose of (a) determining the
Stockholders entitled (i) to notice of or to vote at any meeting of Stockholders
or any adjournment thereof, (ii) unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of
Incorporation to express consent to corporate action in writing without a
meeting or (iii) to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or
allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any
change, conversion or exchange of stock; or (b) any other lawful action, the
Board may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon
which the resolution fixing the record date was adopted by the Board and which
record date shall not be (x) in the case of clause (a)(i) above, more than sixty
nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting, (y) in the case of
clause (a)(ii) above, more than 10 days after the date upon which the resolution
fixing the record date was
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adopted by the Board and (z) in the case of clause (a)(iii) or (b) above, more
than sixty days prior to such action. If no such record date is fixed:
2.5.1 the record date for determining Stockholders
entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be
at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which
notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on
the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held;
2.5.2 the record date for determining stockholders
entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a
meeting (unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of
Incorporation), when no prior action by the Board is required under the
General Corporation Law, shall be the first day on which a signed
written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken
is delivered to the Corporation by delivery to its registered office in
the State of Delaware, its principal place of business, or an officer
or agent of the Corporation having custody of the book in which
proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded; and when prior
action by the Board is required under the General Corporation Law, the
record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to
corporate action in writing without a meeting shall be at the close of
business on the date on which the Board adopts the resolution taking
such prior action; and
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2.5.3 the record date for determining stockholders
for any purpose other than those specified in Sections 2.5.1 and 2.5.2
shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board adopts
the resolution relating thereto.
When a determination of Stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any
meeting of Stockholders has been made as provided in this Section 2.5, such
determination shall apply to any adjournment thereof unless the Board fixes a
new record date for the adjourned meeting. Delivery made to the Corporation's
registered office in accordance with Section 2.5.2 shall be by hand or by
certified or registered mail, return receipt requested.
2.6 Notice of Meetings of Stockholders. Except as otherwise
provided in Sections 2.5 and 2.7 hereof, whenever under the provisions of any
statute, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws, Stockholders are
required or permitted to take any action at a meeting, written notice shall be
given stating the place, date and hour of the meeting and, in the case of a
special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. Unless
otherwise provided by any statute, the Certificate of Incorporation or these
By-laws, a copy of the notice of any meeting shall be given, personally or by
mail, not less than ten nor more than sixty days before the date of the meeting,
to each Stockholder entitled to notice of or to vote at such meeting. If mailed,
such notice shall be deemed to be given when deposited in the United States
mail, with postage prepaid, directed to the Stockholder at his or her address as
it appears on the records of the Corporation. An affidavit of the Secretary or
an Assistant Secretary or of the transfer agent of the Corporation that the
notice required by this Section 2.6 has been
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given shall, in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts
stated therein. When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, notice
need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place thereof are
announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken, and at the adjourned
meeting any business may be transacted that might have been transacted at the
meeting as originally called. If, however, the adjournment is for more than
thirty days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the
adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each
Stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.
2.7 Waivers of Notice. Whenever the giving of any notice is
required by statute, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws, a waiver
thereof, in writing, signed by the Stockholder or Stockholders entitled to said
notice, whether before or after the event as to which such notice is required,
shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance by a Stockholder at a meeting
shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting except when the Stockholder
attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the
meeting, to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting has
not been lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at,
nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the Stockholders need be
specified in any written waiver of notice unless so required by statute, the
Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws.
2.8 List of Stockholders. The Secretary shall prepare and
make, or cause to be prepared and made, at least ten days before every meeting
of Stockholders, a complete list of the Stockholders entitled to vote at the
meeting, arranged in alphabetical
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order, and showing the address of each Stockholder and the number of shares
registered in the name of each Stockholder. Such list shall be open to the
examination of any Stockholder, the Stockholder's agent, or attorney, at the
Stockholder's expense, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary
business hours, for a period of at least ten days prior to the meeting, either
at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be
specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so specified, at the place
where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be produced and kept at the
time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be
inspected by any Stockholder who is present. The Corporation shall maintain the
Stockholder list in written form or in another form capable of conversion into
written form within a reasonable time. Upon the willful neglect or refusal of
the Directors to produce such a list at any meeting for the election of
Directors, they shall be ineligible for election to any office at such meeting.
The stock ledger shall be the only evidence as to who are the Stockholders
entitled to examine the stock ledger, the list of Stockholders or the books of
the Corporation, or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of
Stockholders.
2.9 Quorum of Stockholders; Adjournment. Except as otherwise
provided by any statute, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws, the
holders of one-third of all outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote at any
meeting of Stockholders, present in person or represented by proxy, shall
constitute a quorum for the transaction of any business at such meeting. When a
quorum is once present to organize a meeting of Stockholders, it is not broken
by the subsequent withdrawal of any Stockholders. The holders of a majority of
the shares of stock present in person or repre-
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sented by proxy at any meeting of Stockholders, including an adjourned meeting,
whether or not a quorum is present, may adjourn such meeting to another time and
place. Shares of its own stock belonging to the Corporation or to another
corporation, if a majority of the shares entitled to vote in the election of
directors of such other corporation is held, directly or indirectly, by the
Corporation, shall neither be entitled to vote nor be counted for quorum
purposes; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not limit the right of the
Corporation to vote stock, including but not limited to its own stock, held by
it in a fiduciary capacity.
2.10 Voting; Proxies. Unless otherwise provided in the
Certificate of Incorporation, every Stockholder of record shall be entitled at
every meeting of Stockholders to one vote for each share of capital stock
standing in his or her name on the record of Stockholders determined in
accordance with Section 2.5 hereof. If the Certificate of Incorporation provides
for more or less than one vote for any share on any matter, each reference in
the By-laws or the General Corporation Law to a majority or other proportion of
stock shall refer to such majority or other proportion of the votes of such
stock. The provisions of Sections 212 and 217 of the General Corporation Law
shall apply in determining whether any shares of capital stock may be voted and
the persons, if any, entitled to vote such shares; but the Corporation shall be
protected in assuming that the persons in whose names shares of capital stock
stand on the stock ledger of the Corporation are entitled to vote such shares.
Holders of redeemable shares of stock are not entitled to vote after the notice
of redemption is mailed to such holders and a sum sufficient to redeem the
stocks has been deposited with a bank, trust company,
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or other financial institution under an irrevocable obligation to pay the
holders the redemption price on surrender of the shares of stock. At any meeting
of Stockholders (at which a quorum was present to organize the meeting), all
matters, except as otherwise provided by statute or by the Certificate of
Incorporation or by these By-laws, shall be decided by a majority of the votes
cast at such meeting by the holders of shares present in person or represented
by proxy and entitled to vote thereon, whether or not a quorum is present when
the vote is taken. All elections of Directors shall be by written ballot unless
otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation. In voting on any other
question on which a vote by ballot is required by law or is demanded by any
Stockholder entitled to vote, the voting shall be by ballot. Each ballot shall
be signed by the Stockholder voting or the Stockholder's proxy and shall state
the number of shares voted. On all other questions, the voting may be viva voce.
Each Stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of Stockholders or to express
consent or dissent to corporate action in writing without a meeting may
authorize another person or persons to act for such Stockholder by proxy. The
validity and enforceability of any proxy shall be determined in accordance with
Section 212 of the General Corporation Law. A Stockholder may revoke any proxy
that is not irrevocable by attending the meeting and voting in person or by
filing an instrument in writing revoking the proxy or by delivering a proxy in
accordance with applicable law bearing a later date to the Secretary.
2.11 Voting Procedures and Inspectors of Election at Meetings
of Stockholders. The Board, in advance of any meeting of Stockholders, may
appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting and make a written report
thereof. The Board
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may designate one or more persons as alternate inspectors to replace any
inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or alternate has been appointed or
is able to act at a meeting, the person presiding at the meeting may appoint,
and on the request of any Stockholder entitled to vote thereat shall appoint,
one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before entering
upon the discharge of his or her duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully
to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the
best of his or her ability. The inspectors shall (a) ascertain the number of
shares outstanding and the voting power of each, (b) determine the shares
represented at the meeting and the validity of proxies and ballots, (c) count
all votes and ballots, (d) determine and retain for a reasonable period a record
of the disposition of any challenges made to any determination by the
inspectors, and (e) certify their determination of the number of shares
represented at the meeting and their count of all votes and ballots. The
inspectors may appoint or retain other persons or entities to assist the
inspectors in the performance of their duties. Unless otherwise provided by the
Board, the date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each
matter upon which the Stockholders will vote at a meeting shall be determined by
the person presiding at the meeting and shall be announced at the meeting. No
ballot, proxies or votes, or any revocation thereof or change thereto, shall be
accepted by the inspectors after the closing of the polls unless the Court of
Chancery of the State of Delaware upon application by a Stockholder shall
determine otherwise.
2.12 Organization. At each meeting of Stockholders, the
President, or in the absence of the President, the Chairman, or if there is no
Chairman or if there be one
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and the Chairman is absent, a Vice President, and in case more than one Vice
President shall be present, that Vice President designated by the Board (or in
the absence of any such designation, the most senior Vice President, based on
age, present), shall act as chairman of the meeting. The Secretary, or in his or
her absence, one of the Assistant Secretaries, shall act as secretary of the
meeting. In case none of the officers above designated to act as chairman or
secretary of the meeting, respectively, shall be present, a chairman or a
secretary of the meeting, as the case may be, shall be chosen by a majority of
the votes cast at such meeting by the holders of shares of capital stock present
in person or represented by proxy and entitled to vote at the meeting.
2.13 Order of Business. The order of business at all meetings
of Stockholders shall be as determined by the chairman of the meeting, but the
order of business to be followed at any meeting at which a quorum is present may
be changed by a majority of the votes cast at such meeting by the holders of
shares of capital stock present in person or represented by proxy and entitled
to vote at the meeting.
2.14 Written Consent of Stockholders Without a Meeting. Unless
otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, any action required by
the General Corporation Law to be taken at any annual or special meeting of
stockholders may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a
vote, if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken,
shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the
minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action
at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted
and shall be delivered (by hand or by certified or registered mail,
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return receipt requested) to the Corporation by delivery to its registered
office in the State of Delaware, its principal place of business, or an officer
or agent of the Corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of
meetings of stockholders are recorded. Every written consent shall bear the date
of signature of each stockholder who signs the consent and no written consent
shall be effective to take the corporate action referred to therein unless,
within 60 days of the earliest dated consent delivered in the manner required by
this Section 2.14, written consents signed by a sufficient number of holders to
take action are delivered to the Corporation as aforesaid. Prompt notice of the
taking of the corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written
consent shall be given to those Stockholders who have not consented in writing.
ARTICLE 3
Directors
3.1 General Powers. Except as otherwise provided in the
Certificate of Incorporation, the business and affairs of the Corporation shall
be managed by or under the direction of the Board. The Board may adopt such
rules and regulations, not inconsistent with the Certificate of Incorporation or
these By-laws or applicable laws, as it may deem proper for the conduct of its
meetings and the management of the Corporation. In addition to the powers
expressly conferred by these By-laws, the Board may exercise all powers and
perform all acts that are not required, by these By-laws or the Certificate of
Incorporation or by statute, to be exercised and performed by the Stockholders.
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3.2 Number; Qualification; Term of Office. The Board shall
consist of one or more members. The number of Directors shall be fixed initially
by the incorporator and may thereafter be changed from time to time by action of
the stockholders or by action of the Board. Directors need not be stockholders.
Each Director shall hold office until a successor is elected and qualified or
until the Director's death, resignation or removal.
3.3 Election. Directors shall, except as otherwise required by
statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation, be elected by a plurality of the
votes cast at a meeting of stockholders by the holders of shares entitled to
vote in the election.
3.4 Newly Created Directorships and Vacancies. Unless
otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, newly created
Directorships resulting from an increase in the number of Directors and
vacancies occurring in the Board for any other reason, including the removal of
Directors without cause, may be filled by the affirmative votes of a majority of
the entire Board, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining Director,
or may be elected by a plurality of the votes cast by the holders of shares of
capital stock entitled to vote in the election at a special meeting of
stockholders called for that purpose. A Director elected to fill a vacancy shall
be elected to hold office until a successor is elected and qualified, or until
the Director's earlier death, resignation or removal.
3.5 Resignation. Any Director may resign at any time by
written notice to the Corporation. Such resignation shall take effect at the
time therein specified,
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and, unless otherwise specified in such resignation, the acceptance of such
resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.
3.6 Removal. Subject to the provisions of Section 141(k) of
the General Corporation Law, any or all of the Directors may be removed with or
without cause by vote of the holders of a majority of the shares then entitled
to vote at an election of Directors.
3.7 Compensation. Each Director, in consideration of his or
her service as such, shall be entitled to receive from the Corporation such
amount per annum or such fees for attendance at Directors' meetings, or both, as
the Board may from time to time determine, together with reimbursement for the
reasonable out-of-pocket expenses, if any, incurred by such Director in
connection with the performance of his or her duties. Each Director who shall
serve as a member of any committee of Directors in consideration of serving as
such shall be entitled to such additional amount per annum or such fees for
attendance at committee meetings, or both, as the Board may from time to time
determine, together with reimbursement for the reasonable out-of-pocket
expenses, if any, incurred by such Director in the performance of his or her
duties. Nothing contained in this Section 3.7 shall preclude any Director from
serving the Corporation or its subsidiaries in any other capacity and receiving
proper compensation therefor.
3.8 Times and Places of Meetings. The Board may hold meetings,
both regular and special, either within or without the State of Delaware. The
times and places for holding meetings of the Board may be fixed from time to
time by resolution of the Board or (unless contrary to a resolution of the
Board) in the notice of the meeting.
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3.9 Annual Meetings. On the day when and at the place where
the annual meeting of stockholders for the election of Directors is held, and as
soon as practicable thereafter, the Board may hold its annual meeting, without
notice of such meeting, for the purposes of organization, the election of
officers and the transaction of other business. The annual meeting of the Board
may be held at any other time and place specified in a notice given as provided
in Section 3.11 hereof for special meetings of the Board or in a waiver of
notice thereof.
3.10 Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board may be
held without notice at such times and at such places as shall from time to time
be determined by the Board.
3.11 Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board may be
called by the Chairman, the President or the Secretary or by any two or more
Directors then serving on at least one day's notice to each Director given by
one of the means specified in Section 3.14 hereof other than by mail, or on at
least three days' notice if given by mail. Special meetings shall be called by
the Chairman, President or Secretary in like manner and on like notice on the
written request of any two or more of the Directors then serving.
3.12 Telephone Meetings. Directors or members of any committee
designated by the Board may participate in a meeting of the Board or of such
committee by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment
by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other,
and participation in a meeting pursuant to this Section 3.12 shall constitute
presence in person at such meeting.
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3.13 Adjourned Meetings. A majority of the Directors present
at any meeting of the Board, including an adjourned meeting, whether or not a
quorum is present, may adjourn such meeting to another time and place. At least
one day's notice of any adjourned meeting of the Board shall be given to each
Director whether or not present at the time of the adjournment, if such notice
shall be given by one of the means specified in Section 3.14 hereof other than
by mail, or at least three days' notice if by mail. Any business may be
transacted at an adjourned meeting that might have been transacted at the
meeting as originally called.
3.14 Notice Procedure. Subject to Sections 3.11 and 3.17
hereof, whenever, under the provisions of any statute, the Certificate of
Incorporation or these By-laws, notice is required to be given to any Director,
such notice shall be deemed given effectively if given in person or by
telephone, by mail addressed to such Director at such Director's address as it
appears on the records of the Corporation, with postage thereon prepaid, or by
telegram, telex, telecopy or similar means addressed as aforesaid.
3.15 Waiver of Notice. Whenever the giving of any notice is
required by statute, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws, a waiver
thereof, in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to said notice,
whether before or after the event as to which such notice is required, shall be
deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance by a person at a meeting shall
constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting except when the person attends a
meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting,
to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting has not been
lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the
purpose of,
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any regular or special meeting of the Directors or a committee of Directors need
be specified in any written waiver of notice unless so required by statute, the
Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws.
3.16 Organization. At each meeting of the Board, the Chairman,
or in the absence of the Chairman, the President, or in the absence of the
President, a chairman chosen by a majority of the Directors present, shall
preside. The Secretary shall act as secretary at each meeting of the Board. In
case the Secretary shall be absent from any meeting of the Board, an Assistant
Secretary shall perform the duties of secretary at such meeting; and in the
absence from any such meeting of the Secretary and all Assistant Secretaries,
the person presiding at the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary
of the meeting.
3.17 Quorum of Directors. The presence in person of a majority
of the entire Board shall be necessary and sufficient to constitute a quorum for
the transaction of business at any meeting of the Board, but a majority of a
smaller number may adjourn any such meeting to a later date.
3.18 Action by Majority Vote. Except as otherwise expressly
required by statute, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws, the act
of a majority of the Directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present
shall be the act of the Board.
3.19 Action Without Meeting. Unless otherwise restricted by
the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws, any action required or
permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board or of any committee thereof
may be taken without a meeting if all Directors or members of such committee, as
the case may be, consent
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thereto in writing, and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of
proceedings of the Board or committee.
ARTICLE 4
COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD
The Board may, by resolution passed by a vote of a majority of
the entire Board, designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of
one or more of the Directors of the Corporation. The Board may designate one or
more Directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent
or disqualified member at any meeting of such committee. If a member of a
committee shall be absent from any meeting, or disqualified from voting thereat,
the remaining member or members present and not disqualified from voting,
whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may, by a unanimous
vote, appoint another member of the Board to act at the meeting in the place of
any such absent or disqualified member. Any such committee, to the extent
provided in the resolution of the Board passed as aforesaid, shall have and may
exercise all the powers and authority of the Board in the management of the
business and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the
Corporation to be impressed on all papers that may require it, but no such
committee shall have the power or authority of the Board in reference to
amending the Certificate of Incorporation, adopting an agreement of merger or
consolidation under section 251 or section 252 of the General Corporation Law,
recommending to the stockholders (a) the sale, lease or exchange of all or
substantially all of the Corporation's property and assets, or (b) a dissolution
of the Corporation or a revocation of a dissolution, or amending the By-laws
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of the Corporation; and, unless the resolution designating it expressly so
provides, no such committee shall have the power and authority to declare a
dividend, to authorize the issuance of stock or to adopt a certificate of
ownership and merger pursuant to Section 253 of the General Corporation Law.
Unless otherwise specified in the resolution of the Board designating a
committee, at all meetings of such committee a majority of the total number of
members of the committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of
business, and the vote of a majority of the members of the committee present at
any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the committee. Each
committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings. Unless the Board otherwise
provides, each committee designated by the Board may make, alter and repeal
rules for the conduct of its business. In the absence of such rules each
committee shall conduct its business in the same manner as the Board conducts
its business pursuant to Article 3 of these By-laws.
ARTICLE 5
OFFICERS
5.1 Positions. The officers of the Corporation shall be a
President, a Secretary, a Treasurer and such other officers as the Board may
appoint, including a Chairman, one or more Vice Presidents and one or more
Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers, who shall exercise such powers
and perform such duties as shall be determined from time to time by the Board.
The Board may designate one or more Vice Presidents as Executive Vice Presidents
and may use descriptive words or phrases to designate the standing, seniority or
areas of special competence of the Vice Presidents
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elected or appointed by it. Any number of offices may be held by the same person
unless the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws otherwise provide.
5.2 Appointment. The officers of the Corporation shall be
chosen by the Board at its annual meeting or at such other time or times as the
Board shall determine.
5.3 Compensation. The compensation of all officers of the
Corporation shall be fixed by the Board. No officer shall be prevented from
receiving a salary or other compensation by reason of the fact that the officer
is also a Director.
5.4 Term of Office. Each officer of the Corporation shall hold
office for the term for which he or she is elected and until such officer's
successor is chosen and qualifies or until such officer's earlier death,
resignation or removal. Any officer may resign at any time upon written notice
to the Corporation. Such resignation shall take effect at the date of receipt of
such notice or at such later time as is therein specified, and, unless otherwise
specified, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it
effective. The resignation of an officer shall be without prejudice to the
contract rights of the Corporation, if any. Any officer elected or appointed by
the Board may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by vote of a
majority of the entire Board. Any vacancy occurring in any office of the
Corporation shall be filled by the Board. The removal of an officer without
cause shall be without prejudice to the officer's contract rights, if any. The
election or appointment of an officer shall not of itself create contract
rights.
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5.5 Fidelity Bonds. The Corporation may secure the fidelity of
any or all of its officers or agents by bond or otherwise.
5.6 Chairman. The Chairman, if one shall have been appointed,
shall preside at all meetings of the Board and shall exercise such powers and
perform such other duties as shall be determined from time to time by the Board.
5.7 President. The President shall be the Chief Executive
Officer of the Corporation and shall have general supervision over the business
of the Corporation, subject, however, to the control of the Board and of any
duly authorized committee of Directors. The President shall preside at all
meetings of the Stockholders and at all meetings of the Board at which the
Chairman (if there be one) is not present. The President may sign and execute in
the name of the Corporation deeds, mortgages, bonds, contracts and other
instruments except in cases in which the signing and execution thereof shall be
expressly delegated by the Board or by these By-laws to some other officer or
agent of the Corporation or shall be required by statute otherwise to be signed
or executed and, in general, the President shall perform all duties incident to
the office of President of a corporation and such other duties as may from time
to time be assigned to the President by the Board.
5.8 Vice Presidents. At the request of the President, or, in
the President's absence, at the request of the Board, the Vice Presidents shall
(in such order as may be designated by the Board, or, in the absence of any such
designation, in order of seniority based on age) perform all of the duties of
the President and, in so performing, shall have all the powers of, and be
subject to all restrictions upon, the President. Any
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Vice President may sign and execute in the name of the Corporation deeds,
mortgages, bonds, contracts or other instruments, except in cases in which the
signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board or by
these By-laws to some other officer or agent of the Corporation, or shall be
required by statute otherwise to be signed or executed, and each Vice President
shall perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to such
Vice President by the Board or by the President.
5.9 Secretary. The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the
Board and of the Stockholders and shall record all the proceedings of the
meetings of the Board and of the stockholders in a book to be kept for that
purpose, and shall perform like duties for committees of the Board, when
required. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all special
meetings of the Board and of the stockholders and shall perform such other
duties as may be prescribed by the Board or by the President, under whose
supervision the Secretary shall be. The Secretary shall have custody of the
corporate seal of the Corporation, and the Secretary, or an Assistant Secretary,
shall have authority to impress the same on any instrument requiring it, and
when so impressed the seal may be attested by the signature of the Secretary or
by the signature of such Assistant Secretary. The Board may give general
authority to any other officer to impress the seal of the Corporation and to
attest the same by such officer's signature. The Secretary or an Assistant
Secretary may also attest all instruments signed by the President or any Vice
President. The Secretary shall have charge of all the books, records and papers
of the Corporation relating to its organization and management, shall see that
the reports, statements and other documents required by statute are properly
kept and filed
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and, in general, shall perform all duties incident to the office of Secretary of
a corporation and such other duties as may from time to time be assigned to the
Secretary by the Board or by the President.
5.10 Treasurer. The Treasurer shall have charge and custody
of, and be responsible for, all funds, securities and notes of the Corporation;
receive and give receipts for moneys due and payable to the Corporation from any
sources whatsoever; deposit all such moneys and valuable effects in the name and
to the credit of the Corporation in such depositaries as may be designated by
the Board; against proper vouchers, cause such funds to be disbursed by checks
or drafts on the authorized depositaries of the Corporation signed in such
manner as shall be determined by the Board and be responsible for the accuracy
of the amounts of all moneys so disbursed; regularly enter or cause to be
entered in books or other records maintained for the purpose full and adequate
account of all moneys received or paid for the account of the Corporation; have
the right to require from time to time reports or statements giving such
information as the Treasurer may desire with respect to any and all financial
transactions of the Corporation from the officers or agents transacting the
same; render to the President or the Board, whenever the President or the Board
shall require the Treasurer so to do, an account of the financial condition of
the Corporation and of all financial transactions of the Corporation; exhibit at
all reasonable times the records and books of account to any of the Directors
upon application at the office of the Corporation where such records and books
are kept; disburse the funds of the Corporation as ordered by the Board; and, in
general, perform all duties incident to the office of Treasurer of a
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corporation and such other duties as may from time to time be assigned to the
Treasurer by the Board or the President.
5.11 Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers. Assistant
Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers shall perform such duties as shall be
assigned to them by the Secretary or by the Treasurer, respectively, or by the
Board or by the President.
ARTICLE 6
CONTRACTS, CHECKS, DRAFTS, BANK ACCOUNTS, ETC.
6.1 Execution of Contracts. The Board, except as otherwise
provided in these By-laws, may prospectively or retroactively authorize any
officer or officers, employee or employees or agent or agents, in the name and
on behalf of the Corporation, to enter into any contract or execute and deliver
any instrument, and any such authority may be general or confined to specific
instances, or otherwise limited.
6.2 Loans. The Board may prospectively or retroactively
authorize the President or any other officer, employee or agent of the
Corporation to effect loans and advances at any time for the Corporation from
any bank, trust company or other institution, or from any firm, corporation or
individual, and for such loans and advances the person so authorized may make,
execute and deliver promissory notes, bonds or other certificates or evidences
of indebtedness of the Corporation, and, when authorized by the Board so to do,
may pledge and hypothecate or transfer any securities or other property of the
Corporation as security for any such loans or advances. Such authority conferred
by the Board may be general or confined to specific instances, or otherwise
limited.
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6.3 Checks, Drafts, Etc. All checks, drafts and other orders
for the payment of money out of the funds of the Corporation and all evidences
of indebtedness of the Corporation shall be signed on behalf of the Corporation
in such manner as shall from time to time be determined by resolution of the
Board.
6.4 Deposits. The funds of the Corporation not otherwise
employed shall be deposited from time to time to the order of the Corporation
with such banks, trust companies, investment banking firms, financial
institutions or other depositaries as the Board may select or as may be selected
by an officer, employee or agent of the Corporation to whom such power to select
may from time to time be delegated by the Board.
ARTICLE 7
STOCK AND DIVIDENDS
7.1 Certificates Representing Shares. The shares of capital
stock of the Corporation shall be represented by certificates in such form
(consistent with the provisions of Section 158 of the General Corporation Law)
as shall be approved by the Board. Such certificates shall be signed by the
Chairman, the President or a Vice President and by the Secretary or an Assistant
Secretary or the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer, and may be impressed with
the seal of the Corporation or a facsimile thereof. The signatures of the
officers upon a certificate may be facsimiles, if the certificate is
countersigned by a transfer agent or registrar other than the Corporation itself
or its employee. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed
or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon any certificate shall have
ceased to be such
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officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, such
certificate may, unless otherwise ordered by the Board, be issued by the
Corporation with the same effect as if such person were such officer, transfer
agent or registrar at the date of issue.
7.2 Transfer of Shares. Transfers of shares of capital stock
of the Corporation shall be made only on the books of the Corporation by the
holder thereof or by the holder's duly authorized attorney appointed by a power
of attorney duly executed and filed with the Secretary or a transfer agent of
the Corporation, and on surrender of the certificate or certificates
representing such shares of capital stock properly endorsed for transfer and
upon payment of all necessary transfer taxes. Every certificate exchanged,
returned or surrendered to the Corporation shall be marked "Cancelled," with the
date of cancellation, by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or the transfer
agent of the Corporation. A person in whose name shares of capital stock shall
stand on the books of the Corporation shall be deemed the owner thereof to
receive dividends, to vote as such owner and for all other purposes as respects
the Corporation. No transfer of shares of capital stock shall be valid as
against the Corporation, its stockholders and creditors for any purpose, except
to render the transferee liable for the debts of the Corporation to the extent
provided by law, until such transfer shall have been entered on the books of the
Corporation by an entry showing from and to whom transferred.
7.3 Transfer and Registry Agents. The Corporation may from
time to time maintain one or more transfer offices or agents and registry
offices or agents at such place or places as may be determined from time to time
by the Board.
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7.4 Lost, Destroyed, Stolen and Mutilated Certificates. The
holder of any shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall immediately
notify the Corporation of any loss, destruction, theft or mutilation of the
certificate representing such shares, and the Corporation may issue a new
certificate to replace the certificate alleged to have been lost, destroyed,
stolen or mutilated. The Board may, in its discretion, as a condition to the
issue of any such new certificate, require the owner of the lost, destroyed,
stolen or mutilated certificate, or his or her legal representatives, to make
proof satisfactory to the Board of such loss, destruction, theft or mutilation
and to advertise such fact in such manner as the Board may require, and to give
the Corporation and its transfer agents and registrars, or such of them as the
Board may require, a bond in such form, in such sums and with such surety or
sureties as the Board may direct, to indemnify the Corporation and its transfer
agents and registrars against any claim that may be made against any of them on
account of the continued existence of any such certificate so alleged to have
been lost, destroyed, stolen or mutilated and against any expense in connection
with such claim.
7.5 Rules and Regulations. The Board may make such rules and
regulations as it may deem expedient, not inconsistent with these By-laws or
with the Certificate of Incorporation, concerning the issue, transfer and
registration of certificates representing shares of its capital stock.
7.6 Restriction on Transfer of Stock. A written restriction on
the transfer or registration of transfer of capital stock of the Corporation, if
permitted by Section 202 of the General Corporation Law and noted conspicuously
on the certificate
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representing such capital stock, may be enforced against the holder of the
restricted capital stock or any successor or transferee of the holder, including
an executor, administrator, trustee, guardian or other fiduciary entrusted with
like responsibility for the person or estate of the holder. Unless noted
conspicuously on the certificate rep resenting such capital stock, a
restriction, even though permitted by Section 202 of the General Corporation
Law, shall be ineffective except against a person with actual knowledge of the
restriction. A restriction on the transfer or registration of transfer of
capital stock of the Corporation may be imposed either by the Certificate of
Incorporation or by an agreement among any number of stockholders or among such
stockholders and the Corporation. No restriction so imposed shall be binding
with respect to capital stock issued prior to the adoption of the restriction
unless the holders of such capital stock are parties to an agreement or voted in
favor of the restriction.
7.7 Dividends, Surplus, Etc. Subject to the provisions of the
Certificate of Incorporation and of law, the Board:
7.7.1 may declare and pay dividends or make other
distributions on the outstanding shares of capital stock in such
amounts and at such time or times as it, in its discretion, shall deem
advisable giving due consideration to the condition of the affairs of
the Corporation;
7.7.2 may use and apply, in its discretion, any of
the surplus of the Corporation in purchasing or acquiring any shares of
capital stock of the Corporation, or purchase warrants therefor, in
accordance with law, or any
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of its bonds, debentures, notes, scrip or other securities or evidences
of indebtedness; and
7.7.3 may set aside from time to time out of such
surplus or net profits such sum or sums as, in its discretion, it may
think proper, as a reserve fund to meet contingencies, or for
equalizing dividends or for the purpose of maintaining or increasing
the property or business of the Corporation, or for any purpose it may
think conducive to the best interests of the Corporation.
ARTICLE 8
INDEMNIFICATION
8.1 Indemnity Undertaking. To the extent not prohibited by
law, the Corporation shall indemnify any person who is or was made, or
threatened to be made, a party to any threatened, pending or completed action,
suit or proceeding (a "Proceeding"), whether civil, criminal, administrative or
investigative, including, without limitation, an action by or in the right of
the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor, by reason of the fact that
such person, or a person of whom such person is the legal representative, is or
was a Director or officer of the Corporation, or, at the request of the
Corporation, is or was serving as a director or officer of any other corporation
or in a capacity with comparable authority or responsibilities for any
partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise (an
"Other Entity"), against judgments, fines, penalties, excise taxes, amounts paid
in settlement and costs, charges and expenses (including attorneys' fees,
disbursements and other charges). Persons who are not directors or officers of
the Corporation (or otherwise entitled to indemnification pursuant
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to the preceding sentence) may be similarly indemnified in respect of service to
the Corporation or to an Other Entity at the request of the Corporation to the
extent the Board at any time specifies that such persons are entitled to the
benefits of this Article 8.
8.2 Advancement of Expenses. The Corporation shall, from time
to time, reimburse or advance to any Director or officer or other person
entitled to indemnification hereunder the funds necessary for payment of
expenses, including attorneys' fees and disbursements, incurred in connection
with any Proceeding, in advance of the final disposition of such Proceeding;
provided, however, that, if required by the General Corporation Law, such
expenses incurred by or on behalf of any Director or officer or other person may
be paid in advance of the final disposition of a Proceeding only upon receipt by
the Corporation of an undertaking, by or on behalf of such Director or officer
(or other person indemnified hereunder), to repay any such amount so advanced if
it shall ultimately be determined by final judicial decision from which there is
no further right of appeal that such Director, officer or other person is not
entitled to be indemnified for such expenses.
8.3 Rights Not Exclusive. The rights to indemnification and
reimbursement or advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to,
this Article 8 shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which a
person seeking indemnification or reimbursement or advancement of expenses may
have or hereafter be entitled under any statute, the Certificate of
Incorporation, these By-laws, any agreement, any vote of stockholders or
disinterested Directors or otherwise, both as to action in his or her official
capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office.
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8.4 Continuation of Benefits. The rights to indemnification
and reimbursement or advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant
to, this Article 8 shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a Director
or officer (or other person indemnified hereunder) and shall inure to the
benefit of the executors, administrators, legatees and distributees of such
person.
8.5 Insurance. The Corporation shall have power to purchase
and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director,
officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the
request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of an Other
Entity, against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such
person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person's status as such,
whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person
against such liability under the provisions of this Article 8, the Certificate
of Incorporation or under section 145 of the General Corporation Law or any
other provision of law.
8.6 Binding Effect. The provisions of this Article 8 shall be
a contract between the Corporation, on the one hand, and each Director and
officer who serves in such capacity at any time while this Article 8 is in
effect and any other person entitled to indemnification hereunder, on the other
hand, pursuant to which the Corporation and each such Director, officer or other
person intend to be, and shall be legally bound. No repeal or modification of
this Article 8 shall affect any rights or obligations with respect to any state
of facts then or theretofore existing or thereafter arising or any proceeding
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theretofore or thereafter brought or threatened based in whole or in part upon
any such state of facts.
8.7 Procedural Rights. The rights to indemnification and
reimbursement or advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to,
this Article 8 shall be enforceable by any person entitled to such
indemnification or reimbursement or advancement of expenses in any court of
competent jurisdiction. The burden of proving that such indemnification or
reimbursement or advancement of expenses is not appropriate shall be on the
Corporation. Neither the failure of the Corporation (including its Board of
Directors, its independent legal counsel and its stockholders) to have made a
determination prior to the commencement of such action that such indemnification
or reimbursement or advancement of expenses is proper in the circumstances nor
an actual determination by the Corporation (including its Board of Directors,
its independent legal counsel and its stockholders) that such person is not
entitled to such indemnification or reimbursement or advancement of expenses
shall constitute a defense to the action or create a presumption that such
person is not so entitled. Such a person shall also be indemnified for any
expenses incurred in connection with successfully establishing his or her right
to such indemnification or reimbursement or advancement of expenses, in whole or
in part, in any such proceeding.
8.8 Service Deemed at Corporation's Request. Any Director or
officer of the Corporation serving in any capacity (a) another corporation of
which a majority of the shares entitled to vote in the election of its directors
is held, directly or indirectly, by
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the Corporation or (b) any employee benefit plan of the Corporation or any
corporation referred to in clause (a) shall be deemed to be doing so at the
request of the Corporation.
8.9 Election of Applicable Law. Any person entitled to be
indemnified or to reimbursement or advancement of expenses as a matter of right
pursuant to this Article 8 may elect to have the right to indemnification or
reimbursement or advancement of expenses interpreted on the basis of the
applicable law in effect at the time of the occurrence of the event or events
giving rise to the applicable Proceeding, to the extent permitted by law, or on
the basis of the applicable law in effect at the time such indemnification or
reimbursement or advancement of expenses is sought. Such election shall be made,
by a notice in writing to the Corporation, at the time indemnification or
reimbursement or advancement of expenses is sought; provided, however, that if
no such notice is given, the right to indemnification or reimbursement or
advancement of expenses shall be determined by the law in effect at the time
indemnification or reimbursement or advancement of expenses is sought.
ARTICLE 9
BOOKS AND RECORDS
9.1 Books and Records. There shall be kept at the principal
office of the Corporation correct and complete records and books of account
recording the financial transactions of the Corporation and minutes of the
proceedings of the stockholders, the Board and any committee of the Board. The
Corporation shall keep at its principal office, or at the office of the transfer
agent or registrar of the Corporation, a record containing the names and
addresses of all stockholders, the number and class of
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shares held by each and the dates when they respectively became the owners of
record thereof.
9.2 Form of Records. Any records maintained by the Corporation
in the regular course of its business, including its stock ledger, books of
account, and minute books, may be kept on, or be in the form of, punch cards,
magnetic tape, photographs, microphotographs, or any other information storage
device, provided that the records so kept can be converted into clearly legible
written form within a reasonable time. The Corporation shall so convert any
records so kept upon the request of any person entitled to inspect the same.
9.3 Inspection of Books and Records. Except as otherwise
provided by law, the Board shall determine from time to time whether, and, if
allowed, when and under what conditions and regulations, the accounts, books,
minutes and other records of the Corporation, or any of them, shall be open to
the stockholders for inspection.
ARTICLE 10
SEAL
The corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of
the Corporation, the year of its organization and the words "Corporate Seal,
Delaware." The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be
impressed or affixed or otherwise reproduced.
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ARTICLE 11
FISCAL YEAR
The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed, and may be
changed, by resolution of the Board.
ARTICLE 12
PROXIES AND CONSENTS
Unless otherwise directed by the Board, the Chairman, the
President, any Vice President, the Secretary or the Treasurer, or any one of
them, may execute and deliver on behalf of the Corporation proxies respecting
any and all shares or other ownership interests of any Other Entity owned by the
Corporation appointing such person or persons as the officer executing the same
shall deem proper to represent and vote the shares or other ownership interests
so owned at any and all meetings of holders of shares or other ownership
interests, whether general or special, and/or to execute and deliver consents
respecting such shares or other ownership interests; or any of the aforesaid
officers may attend any meeting of the holders of shares or other ownership
interests of such Other Entity and thereat vote or exercise any or all other
powers of the Corporation as the holder of such shares or other ownership
interests.
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ARTICLE 13
EMERGENCY BY-LAWS
Unless the Certificate of Incorporation provides otherwise, the
following provisions of this Article 13 shall be effective during an emergency,
which is defined as when a quorum of the Corporation's Directors cannot be
readily assembled because of some catastrophic event. During such emergency:
13.1 Notice to Board Members. Any one member of the Board or
any one of the following officers: Chairman, President, any Vice President,
Secretary, or Treasurer, may call a meeting of the Board. Notice of such meeting
need be given only to those Directors whom it is practicable to reach, and may
be given in any practical manner, including by publication and radio. Such
notice shall be given at least six hours prior to commencement of the meeting.
13.2 Temporary Directors and Quorum. One or more officers of
the Corporation present at the emergency Board meeting, as is necessary to
achieve a quorum, shall be considered to be Directors for the meeting, and shall
so serve in order of rank, and within the same rank, in order of seniority. In
the event that less than a quorum of the Directors are present (including any
officers who are to serve as Directors for the meeting), those Directors present
(including the officers serving as Directors) shall constitute a quorum.
13.3 Actions Permitted To Be Taken. The Board as constituted
in Section 13.2, and after notice as set forth in Section 13.1 may:
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13.3.1 prescribe emergency powers to any officer of
the Corporation;
13.3.2 delegate to any officer or Director, any of
the powers of the Board;
13.3.3 designate lines of succession of officers and
agents, in the event that any of them are unable to discharge their
duties;
13.3.4 relocate the principal place of business, or
designate successive or simultaneous principal places of business; and
13.3.5 take any other convenient, helpful or
necessary action to carry on the business of the Corporation.
ARTICLE 14
AMENDMENTS
These By-laws may be amended or repealed and new By-laws may
be adopted by a vote of the holders of shares entitled to vote in the election
of Directors or by the Board. Any By-laws adopted or amended by the Board may be
amended or repealed by the Stockholders entitled to vote thereon.
