EXHIBIT 3.2
BY LAWS
OF
NOVUS ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
ARTICLE I - OFFICES
-------------------
SECTION 1. REGISTERED OFFICE. -- The registered office shall be established
and maintained at 4001 Kennett Pike #134, Wilmington, in the County of New
Castle, in the State of Delaware.
SECTION 2. OTHER OFFICES. --The corporation may have other offices, either
within or without the State of Delaware, at such place or places as the Board of
Directors may from time to time appoint or the business of the corporation may
require.
ARTICLE II - MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
------------------------------------
SECTION I. ANNUAL MEETINGS. --Annual meetings of stockholders for the
election of directors and for such other business as may be stated in the notice
of the meeting, shall be held at such place, either within or without the State
of Delaware, and at such time and date as the Board of Directors, by resolution,
shall determine and as set forth in the notice of the meeting. In the event the
Board of Directors fails to so determine the time, date and place of meeting,
the annual meeting of stockholders shall be held at the registered office of the
corporation in Delaware on NOVEMBER 6.
If the date of the annual meeting shall fall upon a legal holiday, the meeting
shall be held on the next succeeding business day. At each annual meeting, the
stockholders entitled to vote shall elect a Board of Directors and may transact
such other corporate business as shall be stated in the notice of the meeting.
SECTION 2. OTHER MEETINGS. --Meetings of stockholders for any purpose other than
the election of directors may be held at such time and place, within or without
the State of Delaware, as shall be stated in the notice of the meeting.
SECTION 3. VOTING. --Each stockholder entitled to vote in accordance with the
terms and provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and these By-Laws shall
be entitled to one vote, in person or by proxy, for each share of stock entitled
to vote held by such stockholder, but no proxy shall be voted after three years
from its date unless such proxy provides for a longer period. Upon the demand
of any stockholder, the vote for directors and upon any question before the
meeting shall be by ballot. All elections for directors shall be decided by
plurality vote; all other questions shall be decided by majority vote except as
otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation or the laws of the State
of Delaware.
SECTION 4. STOCKHOLDER LIST. --The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of
the corporation shall at least 10 days before each meeting of stockholders
prepare a complete alphabetical addressed list of the stockholders entitled to
vote at the ensuing election, with the number of shares held by each. Said list
shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to
the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten days
prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to
be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not
so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall be
available for inspection at the meeting.
SECTION 5. QUORUM. --Except as otherwise required by law, by the Certificate of
Incorporation or by these By-Laws, the presence, in person or by proxy, of
stockholders holding a majority of the stock of the corporation entitled to vote
shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders. In case a quorum
shall not be present at any meeting, a majority in interest of the stockholders
entitled to vote thereat, present in person or by proxy, shall have power to
adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at
the meeting, until the requisite amount of stock entitled to vote shall be
present. At any such adjourned meeting at which the requisite amount of stock
entitled to vote shall be represented, any business may be transacted which
might have been transacted at the meeting as originally noticed; but only those
stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting as originally noticed shall be
entitled to vote at any adjournment or adjournments thereof.
SECTION 6. SPECIAL MEETINGS. --Special meetings of the stockholders, for any
purpose, unless otherwise prescribed by statue or by the Certificate of
Incorporation, may be called by the president and shall be called by the
President or secretary at the request in writing of a majority of the directors
or stockholders entitled to vote. Such request shall state the purpose of the
proposed meeting.
SECTION 7. NOTICE OF MEETINGS. --Written notice, stating the place, date and
time of the meeting, and the general nature of the business to be considered,
shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote thereat at his address as it
appears on the records of the corporation, not less than ten nor more than fifty
days before the date of the meeting.
SECTION 8. BUSINESS TRANSACTED. --No business other than that stated in the
notice shall be transacted at any meeting without the unanimous consent of all
the stockholders entitled to vote thereat.
SECTION 9. ACTION WITHOUT MEETING. --Except as otherwise provided by the
Certificate of Incorporation, whenever the vote of stockholders at a meeting
thereof is required or permitted to be taken in connection with any corporate
action by any provisions of the statutes or the Certificate of Incorporation or
of these By-Laws, the meeting and vote of stockholders may be dispensed with, if
all the stockholders who would have been entitled by vote upon the action if
such meeting were held, shall consent in writing to such corporate action being
taken.
ARTICLE III - DIRECTORS
-----------------------
SECTION 1. NUMBER AND TERM. --The number of directors shall be one.
The directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of the stockholders and
each director shall be elected to serve until his successor shall be elected and
shall qualify. The number of directors may be increased at any time pursuant to
Article 3 section 5 of these Bylaws.
SECTION 2. RESIGNATIONS. --Any director, member of a committee or other officer
may resign at any time. Such resignation shall be made in writing, and shall
take effect at the time specified therein, and if no time be specified, at the
time of its receipt by the President or Secretary. The acceptance of a
resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.
SECTION 3. VACANCIES. --If the office of any director, member of a committee or
other officer becomes vacant, the remaining directors in office, though less
than a quorum by a majority vote, may appoint any qualified person to fill such
vacancy, who shall hold office for the unexpired term and until his successor
shall be duly chosen.
SECTION 4. REMOVAL. --Any director or directors may be removed either for or
without cause at any time by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority
of all the shares of stock outstanding and entitled to vote, at a special
meeting of the stockholders called for the purpose and the vacancies thus
created may be filled, at the meeting held for the purpose of removal, by the
affirmative vote of a majority in interest of the stockholders entitled to vote.
SECTION 5. INCREASE OF NUMBER. --The number of directors may be increased by
amendment of these By-Laws by the affirmative vote of a majority of the
directors, though less than a quorum, or, by the affirmative vote of a majority
in interest of the stockholders, at the annual meeting or at a special meeting
called for that purpose, and by like vote the additional directors may be chosen
at such meeting to hold office until the next annual election and until their
successors are elected and qualify.
SECTION 6. COMPENSATION. --Directors shall not receive any stated salary for
their services as directors or as members of committees, but by resolution of
the board a fixed fee and expenses of attendance may be allowed for attendance
at each meeting. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any
director from serving the corporation in any other capacity as an officer, agent
or otherwise, and receiving compensation therefore.
SECTION 7. ACTION WITHOUT MEETING. --Any action required or permitted to be
taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors, or of any committee thereof, may
be taken with out a meeting, if prior to such action a written consent thereto
is signed by all members of the board, or of such committee as the case may be,
and such written consent is filed with the minutes of proceedings of the board
or committee.
ARTICLE IV - OFFICERS
---------------------
SECTION 1. OFFICERS. --The officers of the corporation shall consist of a
President, a Treasurer, and a Secretary, and shall be elected by the Board of
Directors and shall hold office until their successors are elected and
qualified. In addition, the Board of Director may elect a Chairman, one or more
Vice-Presidents and such Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers as it
may deem proper. None of the officers of the corporation need be directors.
The officers shall be elected at the first meeting of the Board of Directors
after each annual meeting. More than two offices may be held by the same
person.
SECTION 2. OTHER OFFICERS AND AGENTS. --The Board of Directors may appoint such
officers and agents as it may deem advisable, who shall hold their offices for
such terms and shall exercise such power and perform such duties as shall be
determined from time to time by the Board of Directors.
SECTION 3. CHAIRMAN. --The Chairman of the Board of Directors if one be elected,
shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors and he shall have and
perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by the
Board of Directors.
SECTION 4. PRESIDENT. --The President shall be the chief executive officer of
the corporation and shall have the general powers and duties of supervision and
management usually vested in the office of President of a corporation. He shall
preside at all meetings of the stockholders if present thereat, and in the
absence or non-election of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, at all
meetings of the Board of Directors, and shall have general supervision,
direction and control of the business of the corporation Except as the Board of
Directors shall authorize the execution thereof in some other manner, he shall
execute bonds, mortgages, and other contracts in behalf of the corporation, and
shall cause the seal to be affixed to any instrument requiring it and when so
affixed the seal shall be attested by the signature of the Secretary or the
Treasurer or an Assistant Secretary or an Assistant Treasurer.
SECTION 5. VICE-PRESIDENT. --Each Vice-President shall have such powers and
shall perform such duties as shall be assigned to him by the directors.
SECTION 6. TREASURER. --The Treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate
funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate account of receipts and
disbursement in books belonging to the corporation. He shall deposit all moneys
and other valuables in the name and to the credit of the corporation in such
depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors.
The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the corporation as may be ordered by
the Board of Directors, or the President, taking proper vouchers for such
disbursement. He shall render to the President and Board of Directors at the
regular meetings of the Board of Directors, or whenever they may request it, an
account of all his transactions as Treasurer
and of the financial condition of the corporation. If required by the Board of
Directors, he shall give the corporation a bond for the faithful discharge of
his duties in such amount and with such surety as the board shall prescribe.
SECTION 7. SECRETARY. --The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice
of all meetings of stockholders and directors, and all other notices required by
law or by these By-Laws, and in case of his absence or refusal or neglect so to
do, any such notice may be given by any person thereunto directed by the
President, or by the directors, or stockholders, upon whose requisition the
meeting is called as provided in these By-Laws. He shall record all the
proceedings of the meetings of the corporation and of directors in a book to be
kept for that purpose. He shall keep in safe custody the seal of the
corporation, and when authorized by the Board of Directors, affix the same to
any instrument requiring it, and when so affixed, it shall be attested by his
signature or by the signature of any assistant secretary.
SECTION 8. ASSISTANT TREASURERS & ASSISTANT SECRETARIES. --Assistant Treasurers
and Assistant Secretaries, if any, shall be elected and shall have such powers
and shall perform such duties as shall be assigned to them, respectively, by the
directors.
ARTICLE V
---------
SECTION I. CERTIFICATES OF STOCK. --Every holder of stock in the corporation
shall be entitled to have a certificate, signed by, or in the name of the
corporation by, the chairman or vice-chairman of the board of directors, or the
president or a vice-president and the treasurer or an assistant treasurer, or
the secretary of the corporation, certifying the number of shares owned by him
in the corporation. If the corporation shall be authorized to issue more than
one class of stock or more than one series of any class, the designations,
preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of
each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations, or
restrictions of such preferences and/or rights shall be set forth in full or
summarized on the face or back of the certificate which the corporation shall
issue to represent such class of series of stock, provided that, except as other
wise provided in section 202 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, in lieu
of the foregoing requirements, there may be set forth on the face or back of the
certificate which the corporation shall issue to represent such class or series
of stock, a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge to each
stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and relative,
participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series
thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences
and/or rights. Where a certificate is countersigned (1) by a transfer agent
other than the corporation or its employee, or (2) by a registrar other than the
corporation or its employee, the signatures of such officers may be facsimiles.
SECTION 2. LOST CERTIFICATES --New certificates of stock may be issued in the
place of any certificate therefore issued by the corporation, alleged to have
been lost or destroyed, and the directors may, in their discretion, require the
owner of the lost or
destroyed certificate or his legal representatives, to give the corporation a
bond, in such sum as they may direct, not exceeding double the value of the
stock, to indemnify the corporation against it on account of the alleged loss of
any such new certificate.
SECTION 3. TRANSFER OF SHARES. --The shares of stock of the corporation shall be
transferable only upon its books by the holders thereof in person or by their
duly authorized attorneys or legal representatives, and upon such transfer the
old certificates shall be surrendered to the corporation by the delivery thereof
to the person in charge of the stock and transfer books and ledgers, or to such
other persons as the directors may designate, by who they shall be cancelled,
and new certificates shall thereupon be issued. A record shall be made of each
transfer and whenever a transfer shall be made for collateral security, and not
absolutely, it shall be so expressed in the entry of the transfer.
SECTION 4. STOCKHOLDERS RECORD DATE. --In order that the corporation may
determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of
stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or to express consent to corporate
action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any
dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to
exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or
for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in
advance, a record date, which shall not be more than sixty nor less than ten
days before the day of such meeting, nor more than sixty days prior to any other
action. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to
vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting;
provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the
adjourned meeting.
SECTION 5. DIVIDENDS. --Subject to the provisions of the Certificate of
Incorporation the Board of Directors may, out of funds legally available
therefor at any regular or special meeting, declare dividends upon the capital
stock of the corporation as and when they deem expedient. Before declaring any
dividends there may be set apart out of any funds of the corporation available
for dividends, such sum or sums as the directors from time to time in their
discretion deem proper working capital or as a reserve fund to meeting
contingencies or for equalizing dividends or for such other purposes as the
directors shall deem conducive to the interests of the corporation.
SECTION 6. SEAL. --The corporate seal shall be circular in form and shall
contain the name of the corporation, the year of its creation and the words
"CORPORATE SEAL DELAWARE." Said seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile
thereof to be impressed or affixed or otherwise reproduced.
SECTION 7. FISCAL YEAR. --The fiscal year of the corporation shall be determined
by resolution of the Board of Directors.
SECTION 8. CHECKS --All checks, drafts, or other orders for the payment of
money,
notes or other evidences of indebtedness issued in the name of the corporation
shall be signed by the officer or officers, agent or agents of the corporation,
and in such manner as shall be determined from time to time by resolution of the
Board of Directors.
SECTION 9. NOTICE AND WAIVER OF NOTICE. --Whenever any notice is required by
these By-Laws to be given, personal notice is not meant unless expressly stated,
and any notice so required shall be deemed to be sufficient if given by
depositing the same in the United States mail, postage prepaid, addressed to the
person entitled thereto at his address as it appears on the records of the
corporation, and such notice shall be deemed to have been given on the day of
such mailing. Stockholders not entitled to vote shall not be entitled to
receive notice of any meetings except as otherwise provided by statute.
Whenever any notice whatever is required to be given under the provisions of any
law, or under the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation of the
corporation or these By-Laws, a waiver thereof in writing signed by the person
or persons entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time stated
therein, shall be deemed proper notice.
ARTICLE VI - AMENDMENTS
-----------------------
These By-Laws may be altered and repealed and By-Laws may be made at any annual
meeting of the stockholders or at any special meeting thereof if notice thereof
is contained in the notice of such special meeting by the affirmative vote of a
majority of the stock issued and outstanding or entitled to vote thereat, or by
the regular meeting of the Board of Directors, at any regular meeting of the
Board of Directors, or at any special meeting of the Board of Directors, if
notice thereof is contained in the notice of such special meeting.
Adopted this 6th day of NOVEMBER, 1997
By:/S_______________________
Charlene Kalk, Director
<PAGE>
