Exhibit 2. Bylaws.
BYLAWS OF FIRST CONSOLIDATED SECURITIES, INC.
(A NEVADA CORPORATION)
BY-LAWS
BYLAWS OF FIRST CONSOLIDATED SECURITIES, INC..
(A NEVADA CORPORATION)
ARTICLE I
OFFICES
Section 1. Registered Office. The registered office of the corporation in the
State of Nevada shall be in the City of Las Vegas, State of Nevada.
Section 2. Other Offices. The corporation shall also have and maintain an office
or principal place of business at such place as may be fixed by the Board of
Directors, and may also have offices at such other places, both within and
without the State of Nevada as the Board of Directors may from time to time
determine or the business of the corporation may require.
ARTICLE II
CORPORATE SEAL
Section 3. Corporate Seal. The corporate seal shall consist of a die bearing the
name of the corporation and the inscription, "Corporate Seal-Nevada." Said seal
may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or
reproduced or otherwise.
ARTICLE III
STOCKHOLDERS' MEETINGS
Section 4. Place of Meetings. Meetings of the stockholders of the corporation
shall be held at such place, either within or without the State of Nevada, as
may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors, or, if not so
designated, then at the office of the corporation required to be maintained
pursuant to Section 2 hereof.
Section 5. Annual Meeting.
(a.) The annual meeting of the stockholders of the corporation, for the purpose
of election of directors and for such other business as may lawfully come before
it, shall be held on such date and at such time as may be designated from time
to time by the Board of Directors.
(b.) At an annual meeting of the stockholders, only such business shall be
conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. To be properly
brought before an annual meeting, business must be: (A) specified in the notice
of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board
of Directors, (B) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the
direction of the Board of Directors, or (C) otherwise properly brought before
the meeting by a stockholder. For business to be properly brought before an
annual meeting by a stockholder, the stockholder must have given timely notice
thereof in writing to the Secretary of the corporation. To be timely, a
stockholder's notice must be delivered to or mailed and received at the
principal executive offices of the corporation not later than the close of
business on the sixtieth (60th) day nor earlier than the close of business on
the ninetieth (90th) day prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year's
annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that no annual meeting was
held in the previous year or the date of the annual meeting has been changed by
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more than thirty (30) days from the date contemplated at the time of the
previous year's proxy statement, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be
so received not earlier than the close of business on the ninetieth (90th) day
prior to such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the
later of the sixtieth (60th) day prior to such annual meeting or, in the event
public announcement of the date of such annual meeting is first made by the
corporation fewer than seventy (70) days prior to the date of such annual
meeting, the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on
which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made by the
corporation. A stockholder's notice to the Secretary shall set forth as to each
matter the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting: (i) a brief
description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting and
the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (ii) the name
and address, as they appear on the corporation's books, of the stockholder
proposing such business, (iii) the class and number of shares of the corporation
which are beneficially owned by the stockholder, (iv) any material interest of
the stockholder in such business and (v) any other information that is required
to be provided by the stockholder pursuant to Regulation 14A under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "1934 Act"), in his capacity as
a proponent to a stockholder proposal. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in order
to include information with respect to a stockholder proposal in the proxy
statement and form of proxy for a stockholder's meeting, stockholders must
provide notice as required by the regulations promulgated under the 1934 Act.
Notwithstanding anything in these Bylaws to the contrary, no business shall be
conducted at any annual meeting except in accordance with the procedures set
forth in this paragraph (b). The chairman of the annual meeting shall, if the
facts warrant, determine and declare at the meeting that business was not
properly brought before the meeting and in accordance with the provisions of
this paragraph (b), and, if he should so determine, he shall so declare at the
meeting that any such business not properly brought before the meeting shall not
be transacted.
(c.) Only persons who are confirmed in accordance with the procedures set forth
in this paragraph (c) shall be eligible for election as directors. Nominations
of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the corporation may be made
at a meeting of stockholders by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or
by any stockholder of the corporation entitled to vote in the election of
directors at the meeting who complies with the notice procedures set forth in
this paragraph (c). Such nominations, other than those made by or at the
direction of the Board of Directors, shall be made pursuant to timely notice in
writing to the Secretary of the corporation in accordance with the provisions of
paragraph (b) of this Section 5. Such stockholder's notice shall set forth (i)
as to each person, if any, whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for
election or re-election as a director: (A) the name, age, business address and
residence address of such person, (B) the principal occupation or employment of
such person, (c) the class and number of shares of the corporation which are
beneficially owned by such person, (D) a description of all arrangements or
understandings between the stockholder and each nominee and any other person or
persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the nominations are to
be made by the stockholder, and (E) any other information relating to such
person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election
of directors, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A
under the 1934 Act (including without limitation such person's written consent
to being named in the proxy statement, if any, as a nominee and to serving as a
director if elected); and (ii) as to such stockholder giving notice, the
information required to be provided pursuant to paragraph (b) of this Section 5.
At the request of the Board of Directors, any person nominated by a stockholder
for election as a director shall furnish to the Secretary of the corporation
that information required to be set forth in the stockholder's notice of
nomination which pertains to the nominee. No person shall be eligible for
election as a director of the corporation unless nominated in accordance with
the procedures set forth in this paragraph (c). The chairman of the meeting
shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare at the meeting that a
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nomination was not made in accordance with the procedures prescribed by these
Bylaws, and if he should so determine, he shall so declare at the meeting, and
the defective nomination shall be disregarded.
(d.) For purposes of this Section 5, "public announcement" shall mean disclosure
in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or
comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the
corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13,
14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.
Section 6. Special Meetings.
(a.) Special meetings of the stockholders of the corporation may be called, for
any purpose or purposes, by (i) the Chairman of the Board of Directors, (ii) the
Chief Executive Officer, or (iii) the Board of Directors pursuant to a
resolution adopted by a majority of the total number of authorized directors
(whether or not there exist any vacancies in previously authorized directorships
at the time any such resolution is presented to the Board of Directors for
adoption), and shall be held at such place, on such date, and at such time as
the Board of Directors, shall determine.
(b.) If a special meeting is called by any person or persons other than the
Board of Directors, the request shall be in writing, specifying the general
nature of the business proposed to be transacted, and shall be delivered
personally or sent by registered mail or by telegraphic or other facsimile
transmission to the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive
Officer, or the Secretary of the corporation. No business may be transacted at
such special meeting otherwise than specified in such notice. The Board of
Directors shall determine the time and place of such special meeting, which
shall be held not less than thirty-five (35) nor more than one hundred twenty
(120) days after the date of the receipt of the request. Upon determination of
the time and place of the meeting, the officer receiving the request shall cause
notice to be given to the stockholders entitled to vote, in accordance with the
provisions of Section 7 of these Bylaws. If the notice is not given within sixty
(60) days after the receipt of the request, the person or persons requesting the
meeting may set the time and place of the meeting and give the notice. Nothing
contained in this paragraph (b) shall be construed as limiting, fixing, or
affecting the time when a meeting of stockholders called by action of the Board
of Directors may be held.
Section 7. Notice of Meetings.
Except as otherwise provided by law or the Articles of Incorporation, written
notice of each meeting of stockholders shall be given not less than ten (10) nor
more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder
entitled to vote at such meeting, such notice to specify the place, date and
hour and purpose or purposes of the meeting. Notice of the time, place and
purpose of any meeting of stockholders may be waived in writing, signed by the
person entitled to notice thereof, either before or after such meeting, and will
be waived by any stockholder by his attendance thereat in person or by proxy,
except when the stockholder attends a meeting for the express purpose of
objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business
because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Any stockholder so
waiving notice of such meeting shall be bound by the proceedings of any such
meeting in all respects as if due notice thereof had been given.
Section 8. Quorum.
At all meetings of stockholders, except where otherwise provided by statute or
by the Articles of Incorporation, or by these Bylaws, the presence, in person or
by proxy duly authorized, of the holder or holders of not less than one percent
(1%) of the outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote shall constitute a
quorum for the transaction of business. In the absence of a quorum, any meeting
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of stockholders may be adjourned, from time to time, either by the chairman of
the meeting or by vote of the holders of a majority of the shares represented
thereat, but no other business shall be transacted at such meeting. The
stockholders present at a duly called or convened meeting, at which a quorum is
present, may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding
the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum. Except as
otherwise provided by law, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, all
action taken by the holders of a majority of the votes cast, excluding
abstentions, at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be valid and
binding upon the corporation; provided, however, that directors shall be elected
by a plurality of the votes of the shares present in person or represented by
proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the election of directors. Where a
separate vote by a class or classes or series is required, except where
otherwise provided by the statute or by the Articles of Incorporation or these
Bylaws, a majority of the outstanding shares of such class or classes or series,
present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum entitled to
take action with respect to that vote on that matter and, except where otherwise
provided by the statute or by the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the
affirmative vote of the majority (plurality, in the case of the election of
directors) of the votes cast, including abstentions, by the holders of shares of
such class or classes or series shall be the act of such class or classes or
series.
Section 9. Adjournment and Notice of Adjourned Meetings.
Any meeting of stockholders, whether annual or special, may be adjourned from
time to time either by the chairman of the meeting or by the vote of a majority
of the shares casting votes, excluding abstentions. When a meeting is adjourned
to another time or place, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if
the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment
is taken. At the adjourned meeting, the corporation may transact any business
which might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is
for more than thirty (30) days or if after the adjournment a new record date is
fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be
given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.
Section 10. Voting Rights.
For the purpose of determining those stockholders entitled to vote at any
meeting of the stockholders, except as otherwise provided by law, only persons
in whose names shares stand on the stock records of the corporation on the
record date, as provided in Section 12 of these Bylaws, shall be entitled to
vote at any meeting of stockholders. Every person entitled to vote shall have
the right to do so either in person or by an agent or agents authorized by a
proxy granted in accordance with Nevada law. An agent so appointed need not be a
stockholder. No proxy shall be voted after three (3) years from its date of
creation unless the proxy provides for a longer period.
Section 11. Joint Owners of Stock.
If shares or other securities having voting power stand of record in the names
of two (2) or more persons, whether fiduciaries, members of a partnership, joint
tenants, tenants in common, tenants by the entirety, or otherwise, or if two (2)
or more persons have the same fiduciary relationship respecting the same shares,
unless the Secretary is given written notice to the contrary and is furnished
with a copy of the instrument or order appointing them or creating the
relationship wherein it is so provided, their acts with respect to voting shall
have the following effect: (a) if only one (1) votes, his act binds all; (b) if
more than one (1) votes, the act of the majority so voting binds all; (c) if
more than one (1) votes, but the vote is evenly split on any particular matter,
each faction may vote the securities in question proportionally, or may apply to
the Nevada Court for relief as provided in the General Corporation Law of
Nevada, (b). If the instrument filed with the Secretary shows that any such
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tenancy is held in unequal interests, a majority or even-split for the purpose
of subsection (c) shall be a majority or even-split in interest.
Section 12. List of Stockholders.
The Secretary shall prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every
meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at
said meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, showing the address of each
stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder.
Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose
germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least
ten (10) days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the
meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the
meeting, or, if not specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The
list shall be produced and kept at the time and place of meeting during the
whole time thereof and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present.
Section 13. Action Without Meeting.
No action shall be taken by the stockholders except at an annual or special
meeting of stockholders called in accordance with these Bylaws, or by the
written consent of all stockholders.
Section 14. Organization.
(a.) At every meeting of stockholders, the Chairman of the Board of Directors,
or, if a Chairman has not been appointed or is absent, the President, or, if the
President is absent, a chairman of the meeting chosen by a majority in interest
of the stockholders entitled to vote, present in person or by proxy, shall act
as chairman. The Secretary, or, in his absence, an Assistant Secretary directed
to do so by the President, shall act as secretary of the meeting.
(b.) The Board of Directors of the corporation shall be entitled to make such
rules or regulations for the conduct of meetings of stockholders as it shall
deem necessary, appropriate or convenient. Subject to such rules and regulations
of the Board of Directors, if any, the chairman of the meeting shall have the
right and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to
do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chairman, are necessary,
appropriate or convenient for the proper conduct of the meeting, including,
without limitation, establishing an agenda or order of business for the meeting,
rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of
those present, limitations on participation in such meeting to stockholders of
record of the corporation and their duly authorized and constituted proxies and
such other persons as the chairman shall permit, restrictions on entry to the
meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof, limitations on the
time allotted to questions or comments by participants and regulation of the
opening and closing of the polls for balloting on matters which are to be voted
on by ballot. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board of Directors or
the chairman of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to
be held in accordance with rules of parliamentary procedure.
ARTICLE IV
DIRECTORS
Section 15. Number and Qualification.
The authorized number of directors of the corporation shall be not less than one
(1) nor more than twelve (12) as fixed from time to time by resolution of the
Board of Directors; provided that no decrease in the number of directors shall
shorten the term of any incumbent directors. Directors need not be stockholders
unless so required by the Articles of Incorporation. If for any cause, the
directors shall not have been elected at an annual meeting, they may be elected
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as soon thereafter as convenient at a special meeting of the stockholders called
for that purpose in the manner provided in these Bylaws.
Section 16. Powers.
The powers of the corporation shall be exercised, its business conducted and its
property controlled by the Board of Directors, except as may be otherwise
provided by statute or by the Articles of Incorporation.
Section 17. Election and Term of Office of Directors.
Members of the Board of Directors shall hold office for the terms specified in
the Articles of Incorporation, as it may be amended from time to time, and until
their successors have been elected as provided in the Articles of Incorporation.
Section 18. Vacancies.
Unless otherwise provided in the Articles of Incorporation, any vacancies on the
Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, disqualification, removal
or other causes and any newly created directorships resulting from any increase
in the number of directors, shall unless the Board of Directors determines by
resolution that any such vacancies or newly created directorships shall be
filled by stockholder vote, be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority
of the directors then in office, even though less than a quorum of the Board of
Directors. Any director elected in accordance with the preceding sentence shall
hold office for the remainder of the full term of the director for which the
vacancy was created or occurred and until such director's successor shall have
been elected and qualified. A vacancy in the Board of Directors shall be deemed
to exist under this Bylaw in the case of the death, removal or resignation of
any director.
Section 19. Resignation.
Any director may resign at any time by delivering his written resignation to the
Secretary, such resignation to specify whether it will be effective at a
particular time, upon receipt by the Secretary or at the pleasure of the Board
of Directors. If no such specification is made, it shall be deemed effective at
the pleasure of the Board of Directors. When one or more directors shall resign
from the Board of Directors, effective at a future date, a majority of the
directors then in office, including those who have so resigned, shall have power
to fill such vacancy or vacancies, the vote thereon to take effect when such
resignation or resignations shall become effective, and each director so chosen
shall hold office for the unexpired portion of the term of the director whose
place shall be vacated and until his successor shall have been duly elected and
qualified.
Section 20. Removal.
Subject to the Articles of Incorporation, any director may be removed by:
(a.) the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares
of the Corporation then entitled to vote, with or without cause; or
(b.) the affirmative and unanimous vote of a majority of the directors of the
Corporation, with the exception of the vote of the directors to be removed, with
or without cause.
Section 21. Meetings.
(a.) Annual Meetings. The annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held
immediately after the annual meeting of stockholders and at the place where such
meeting is held. No notice of an annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall
be necessary and such meeting shall be held for the purpose of electing officers
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and transacting such other business as may lawfully come before it.
(b.) Regular Meetings. Except as hereinafter otherwise provided, regular
meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held in the office of the
corporation required to be maintained pursuant to Section 2 hereof. Unless
otherwise restricted by the Articles of Incorporation, regular meetings of the
Board of Directors may also be held at any place within or without the state of
Nevada which has been designated by resolution of the Board of Directors or the
written consent of all directors.
(c.) Special Meetings. Unless otherwise restricted by the Articles of
Incorporation, special meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at any
time and place within or without the State of Nevada whenever called by the
Chairman of the Board, the President or any two of the directors.
(d.) Telephone Meetings. Any member of the Board of Directors, or of any
committee thereof, may participate in a meeting by means of conference telephone
or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating
in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting by such means
shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.
(e.) Notice of Meetings. Notice of the time and place of all special meetings of
the Board of Directors shall be orally or in writing, by telephone, facsimile,
telegraph or telex, during normal business hours, at least twenty-four (24)
hours before the date and time of the meeting, or sent in writing to each
director by first class mail, charges prepaid, at least three (3) days before
the date of the meeting. Notice of any meeting may be waived in writing at any
time before or after the meeting and will be waived by any director by
attendance thereat, except when the director attends the meeting for the express
purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any
business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.
(f.) Waiver of Notice. The transaction of all business at any meeting of the
Board of Directors, or any committee thereof, however called or noticed, or
wherever held, shall be as valid as though had at a meeting duly held after
regular call and notice, if a quorum be present and if, either before or after
the meeting, each of the directors not present shall sign a written waiver of
notice. All such waivers shall be filed with the corporate records or made a
part of the minutes of the meeting.
Section 22. Quorum and Voting.
(a.) Unless the Articles of Incorporation requires a greater number and except
with respect to indemnification questions arising under Section 43 hereof, for
which a quorum shall be one-third of the exact number of directors fixed from
time to time in accordance with the Articles of Incorporation, a quorum of the
Board of Directors shall consist of a majority of the exact number of directors
fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors in accordance with the
Articles of Incorporation provided, however, at any meeting whether a quorum be
present or otherwise, a majority of the directors present may adjourn from time
to time until the time fixed for the next regular meeting of the Board of
Directors, without notice other than by announcement at the meeting.
(b.) At each meeting of the Board of Directors at which a quorum is present, all
questions and business shall be determined by the affirmative vote of a majority
of the directors present, unless a different vote be required by law, the
Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws.
Section 23. Action Without Meeting.
Unless otherwise restricted by the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws,
any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of
Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all
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members of the Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, consent
thereto in writing, and such writing or writings are filed with the minutes of
proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee.
Section 24. Fees and Compensation.
Directors shall be entitled to such compensation for their services as may be
approved by the Board of Directors, including, if so approved, by resolution of
the Board of Directors, a fixed sum and expenses of attendance, if any, for
attendance at each regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors and at
any meeting of a committee of the Board of Directors. Nothing herein contained
shall be construed to preclude any director from serving the corporation in any
other capacity as an officer, agent, employee, or otherwise and receiving
compensation therefor.
Section 25. Committees.
(a.) Executive Committee. The Board of Directors may by resolution passed by a
majority of the whole Board of Directors appoint an Executive Committee to
consist of one (1) or more members of the Board of Directors. The Executive
Committee, to the extent permitted by law and provided in the resolution of the
Board of Directors shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of
the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the
corporation, including without limitation the power or authority to declare a
dividend, to authorize the issuance of stock and to adopt a certificate of
ownership and merger, and may authorize the seal of the corporation to be
affixed to all papers which may require it; but no such committee shall have the
power or authority in reference to amending the Articles of Incorporation
(except that a committee may, to the extent authorized in the resolution or
resolutions providing for the issuance of shares of stock adopted by the Board
of Directors fix the designations and any of the preferences or rights of such
shares relating to dividends, redemption, dissolution, any distribution of
assets of the corporation or the conversion into, or the exchange of such shares
for, shares of any other class or classes or any other series of the same or any
other class or classes of stock of the corporation or fix the number of shares
of any series of stock or authorize the increase or decrease of the shares of
any series), adopting an agreement of merger or consolidation, recommending to
the stockholders the sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of the
corporation's property and assets, recommending to the stockholders a
dissolution of the corporation or a revocation of a dissolution, or amending the
bylaws of the corporation.
(b.) Other Committees. The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a
majority of the whole Board of Directors, from time to time appoint such other
committees as may be permitted by law. Such other committees appointed by the
Board of Directors shall consist of one (1) or more members of the Board of
Directors and shall have such powers and perform such duties as may be
prescribed by the resolution or resolutions creating such committees, but in no
event shall such committee have the powers denied to the Executive Committee in
these Bylaws.
(c.) Term. Each member of a committee of the Board of Directors shall serve a
term on the committee coexistent with such member's term on the Board of
Directors. The Board of Directors, subject to the provisions of subsections (a)
or (b) of this Bylaw may at any time increase or decrease the number of members
of a committee or terminate the existence of a committee. The membership of a
committee member shall terminate on the date of his death or voluntary
resignation from the committee or from the Board of Directors. The Board of
Directors may at any time for any reason remove any individual committee member
and the Board of Directors may fill any committee vacancy created by death,
resignation, removal or increase in the number of members of the committee. The
Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of
any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting
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of the committee, and, in addition, in the absence or disqualification of any
member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and
not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum, may
unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the
meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member.
(d.) Meetings. Unless the Board of Directors shall otherwise provide, regular
meetings of the Executive Committee or any other committee appointed pursuant to
this Section 25 shall be held at such times and places as are determined by the
Board of Directors, or by any such committee, and when notice thereof has been
given to each member of such committee, no further notice of such regular
meetings need be given thereafter. Special meetings of any such committee may be
held at any place which has been determined from time to time by such committee,
and may be called by any director who is a member of such committee, upon
written notice to the members of such committee of the time and place of such
special meeting given in the manner provided for the giving of written notice to
members of the Board of Directors of the time and place of special meetings of
the Board of Directors. Notice of any special meeting of any committee may be
waived in writing at any time before or after the meeting and will be waived by
any director by attendance thereat, except when the director attends such
special meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the
meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully
called or convened. A majority of the authorized number of members of any such
committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the act
of a majority of those present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall
be the act of such committee.
Section 26. Organization.
At every meeting of the directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or,
if a Chairman has not been appointed or is absent, the President, or if the
President is absent, the most senior Vice President, or, in the absence of any
such officer, a chairman of the meeting chosen by a majority of the directors
present, shall preside over the meeting. The Secretary, or in his absence, an
Assistant Secretary directed to do so by the President, shall act as secretary
of the meeting.
ARTICLE V
OFFICERS
Section 27. Officers Designated.
The officers of the corporation shall include, if and when designated by the
Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive
Officer, the President, one or more Vice Presidents, the Secretary, the Chief
Financial Officer, the Treasurer, the Controller, all of whom shall be elected
at the annual organizational meeting of the Board of Direction. The Board of
Directors may also appoint one or more Assistant Secretaries, Assistant
Treasurers, Assistant Controllers and such other officers and agents with such
powers and duties as it shall deem necessary. The Board of Directors may assign
such additional titles to one or more of the officers as it shall deem
appropriate. Any one person may hold any number of offices of the corporation at
any one time unless specifically prohibited therefrom by law. The salaries and
other compensation of the officers of the corporation shall be fixed by or in
the manner designated by the Board of Directors.
Section 28. Tenure and Duties of Officers.
(a.) General. All officers shall hold office at the pleasure of the Board of
Directors and until their successors shall have been duly elected and qualified,
unless sooner removed. Any officer elected or appointed by the Board of
Directors may be removed at any time by the Board of Directors. If the office of
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any officer becomes vacant for any reason, the vacancy may be filled by the
Board of Directors.
(b.) Duties of Chairman of the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the Board of
Directors, when present, shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and
the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the Board of Directors shall perform
other duties commonly incident to his office and shall also perform such other
duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors shall designate from
time to time. If there is no President, then the Chairman of the Board of
Directors shall also serve as the Chief Executive Officer of the corporation and
shall have the powers and duties prescribed in paragraph (c) of this Section 28.
(c.) Duties of President. The President shall preside at all meetings of the
stockholders and at all meetings of the Board of Directors, unless the Chairman
of the Board of Directors has been appointed and is present. Unless some other
officer has been elected Chief Executive Officer of the corporation, the
President shall be the chief executive officer of the corporation and shall,
subject to the control of the Board of Directors, have general supervision,
direction and control of the business and officers of the corporation. The
President shall perform other duties commonly incident to his office and shall
also perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of
Directors shall designate from time to time.
(d.) Duties of Vice Presidents. The Vice Presidents may assume and perform the
duties of the President in the absence or disability of the President or
whenever the office of President is vacant. The Vice Presidents shall perform
other duties commonly incident to their office and shall also perform such other
duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the President
shall designate from time to time.
(e.) Duties of Secretary. The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the
stockholders and of the Board of Directors and shall record all acts and
proceedings thereof in the minute book of the corporation. The Secretary shall
give notice in conformity with these Bylaws of all meetings of the stockholders
and of all meetings of the Board of Directors and any committee thereof
requiring notice. The Secretary shall perform perform such other duties and have
such other powers as the Board of Directors shall designate from time to time.
The President may direct any Assistant Secretary to assume and perform the
duties of the Secretary in the absence or disability of the Secretary, and each
Assistant Secretary shall perform other duties commonly incident to his office
and shall also perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board
of Directors or the President shall designate from time to time.
(f.) Duties of Chief Financial Officer. The Chief Financial Officer shall keep
or cause to be kept the books of account of the corporation in a thorough and
proper manner and shall render statements of the financial affairs of the
corporation in such form and as often as required by the Board of Directors or
the President. The Chief Financial Officer, subject to the order of the Board of
Directors, shall have the custody of all funds and securities of the
corporation. The Chief Financial Officer shall perform other duties commonly
incident to his office and shall also perform such other duties and have such
other powers as the Board of Directors or the President shall designate from
time to time. The President may direct the Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer,
or the Controller or any Assistant Controller to assume and perform the duties
of the Chief Financial Officer in the absence or disability of the Chief
Financial Officer, and each Treasurer and Assistant Treasurer and each
Controller and Assistant Controller shall perform other duties commonly incident
to his office and shall also perform such other duties and have such other
powers as the Board of Directors or the President shall designate from time to
time.
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Section 29. Delegation of Authority.
The Board of Directors may from time to time delegate the powers or duties of
any officer to any other officer or agent, notwithstanding any provision hereof.
Section 30. Resignations.
Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Board of
Directors or to the President or to the Secretary. Any such resignation shall be
effective when received by the person or persons to whom such notice is given,
unless a later time is specified therein, in which event the resignation shall
become effective at such later time. Unless otherwise specified in such notice,
the acceptance of any such resignation shall not be necessary to make it
effective. Any resignation shall be without prejudice to the rights, if any, of
the corporation under any contract with the resigning officer.
Section 31. Removal.
Any officer may be removed from office at any time, either with or without
cause, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors in office at the
time, or by the unanimous written consent of the directors in office at the
time, or by any committee or superior officers upon whom such power of removal
may have been conferred by the Board of Directors.
ARTICLE VI
EXECUTION OF CORPORATE INSTRUMENTS AND VOTING OF SECURITIES OWNED BY THE
CORPORATION
Section 32. Execution of Corporate Instrument.
The Board of Directors may, in its discretion, determine the method and
designate the signatory officer or officers, or other person or persons, to
execute on behalf of the corporation any corporate instrument or document, or to
sign on behalf of the corporation the corporate name without limitation, or to
enter into contracts on behalf of the corporation, except where otherwise
provided by law or these Bylaws, and such execution or signature shall be
binding upon the corporation.
Unless otherwise specifically determined by the Board of Directors or otherwise
required by law, promissory notes, deeds of trust, mortgages and other evidences
of indebtedness of the corporation, and other corporate instruments or documents
requiring the corporate seal, and certificates of shares of stock owned by the
corporation, shall be executed, signed or endorsed by the Chairman of the Board
of Directors, or the President or any Vice President, and by the Secretary or
Treasurer or any Assistant Secretary or Assistant Treasurer. All other
instruments and documents requiting the corporate signature, but not requiring
the corporate seal, may be executed as aforesaid or in such other manner as may
be directed by the Board of Directors.
All checks and drafts drawn on banks or other depositaries on funds to the
credit of the corporation or in special accounts of the corporation shall be
signed by such person or persons as the Board of Directors shall authorize so to
do.
Unless authorized or ratified by the Board of Directors or within the agency
power of an officer, no officer, agent or employee shall have any power or
authority to bind the corporation by any contract or engagement or to pledge its
credit or to render it liable for any purpose or for any amount.
Section 33. Voting of Securities Owned by the Corporation.
All stock and other securities of other corporations owned or held by the
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corporation for itself, or for other parties in any capacity, shall be voted,
and all proxies with respect thereto shall be executed, by the person authorized
so to do by resolution of the Board of Directors, or, in the absence of such
authorization, by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive
Officer, the President, or any Vice President.
ARTICLE VII
SHARES OF STOCK
Section 34. Form and Execution of Certificates.
Certificates for the shares of stock of the corporation shall be in such form as
is consistent with the Articles of Incorporation and applicable law. Every
holder of stock in the corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate
signed by or in the name of the corporation by the Chairman of the Board of
Directors, or the President or any Vice President and by the Treasurer or
Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or Assistant Secretary, certifying the
number of shares owned by him in the corporation. Any or all of the signatures
on the certificate may be facsimiles. In case any officer, transfer agent, or
registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a
certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent, or registrar
before such certificate is issued, it may be issued with the same effect as if
he were such officer, transfer agent, or registrar at the date of issue. Each
certificate shall state upon the face or back thereof, in full or in summary,
all of the powers, designations, preferences, and rights, and the limitations or
restrictions of the shares authorized to be issued or shall, except as otherwise
required by law, set forth on the face or back a statement that the corporation
will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers,
designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional, or other
special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications,
limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights. Within a
reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of uncertificated stock, the
corporation shall send to the registered owner thereof a written notice
containing the information required to be set forth or stated on certificates
pursuant to this section or otherwise required by law or with respect to this
section a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge to each
stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and relative
participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series
thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences
and/or rights. Except as otherwise expressly provided by law, the rights and
obligations of the holders of certificates representing stock of the same class
and series shall be identical.
Section 35. Lost Certificates.
A new certificate or certificates shall be issued in place of any certificate or
certificates theretofore issued by the corporation alleged to have been lost,
stolen, or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person
claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen, or destroyed. The
corporation may require, as a condition precedent to the issuance of a new
certificate or certificates, the owner of such lost, stolen, or destroyed
certificate or certificates, or his legal representative, to advertise the same
in such manner as it shall require or to give the corporation a surety bond in
such form and amount as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be
made against the corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have
been lost, stolen, or destroyed.
Section 36. Transfers.
(a.) Transfers of record of shares of stock of the corporation shall be made
only upon its books by the holders thereof, in person or by attorney duly
authorized, and upon the surrender of a properly endorsed certificate or
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certificates for a like number of shares.
(b.) The corporation shall have power to enter into and perform any agreement
with any number of stockholders of any one or more classes of stock of the
corporation to restrict the transfer of shares of stock of the corporation of
any one or more classes owned by such stockholders in any manner not prohibited
by the General Corporation Law of Nevada.
Section 37. Fixing Record Dates.
(a.) In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to
notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof,
the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which record date
shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is
adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall not be more than
sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting. If no
record date is fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining
stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall
be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is
given, or if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next
preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders
of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall
apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of
Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.
(b.) In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to
receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights
or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change,
conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action,
the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which record date
shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is
adopted, and which record date shall be not more than sixty (60) days prior to
such action. If no record date is filed, the record date for determining
stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day
on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.
Section 38. Registered Stockholders.
The corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person
registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends, and to vote
as such owner, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim
to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person whether
or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise
provided by the laws of Nevada.
ARTICLE VIII
OTHER SECURITIES OF THE CORPORATION
Section 39. Execution of Other Securities.
All bonds, debentures and other corporate securities of the corporation, other
than stock certificates (covered in Section 34), may be signed by the Chairman
of the Board of Directors, the President or any Vice President, or such other
person as may be authorized by the Board of Directors, and the corporate seal
impressed thereon or a facsimile of such seal imprinted thereon and attested by
the signature of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, or the Chief Financial
Officer or Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer; provided, however, that where
any such bond, debenture or other corporate security shall be authenticated by
the manual signature, or where permissible facsimile signature, of a trustee
under an indenture pursuant to which such bond, debenture or other corporate
security shall be issued, the signatures of the persons signing and attesting
the corporate seal on such bond, debenture or other corporate security may be
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the imprinted facsimile of the signatures of such persons. Interest coupons
appertaining to any such bond, debenture or other corporate security,
authenticated by a trustee as aforesaid, shall be signed by the Treasurer or an
Assistant Treasurer of the corporation or such other person as may be authorized
by the Board of Directors, or bear imprinted thereon the facsimile signature of
such person. In case any officer who shall have signed or attested any bond,
debenture or other corporate security, or whose facsimile signature shall appear
thereon or on any such interest coupon, shall have ceased to be such officer
before the bond, debenture or other corporate security so signed or attested
shall have been delivered, such bond, debenture or other corporate security
nevertheless may be adopted by the corporation and issued and delivered as
though the person who signed the same or whose facsimile signature shall have
been used thereon had not ceased to be such officer of the corporation.
ARTICLE IX
DIVIDENDS
Section 40. Declaration of Dividends.
Dividends upon the capital stock of the corporation, subject to the provisions
of the Articles of Incorporation, if any, may be declared by the Board of
Directors pursuant to law at any regular or special meeting. Dividends may be
paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the capital stock, subject to the
provisions of the Articles of Incorporation.
Section 41. Dividend Reserve.
Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the
corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the Board of Directors
from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve or
reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or
maintaining any property of the corporation, or for such other purpose as the
Board of Directors shall think conducive to the interests of the corporation,
and the Board of Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve in the manner
in which it was created.
ARTICLE X
FISCAL YEAR
Section 42. Fiscal Year.
The fiscal year of the corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of
Directors.
ARTICLE XI
INDEMNIFICATION Section 43. Indemnification of Directors, Executive Officers,
Other Officers, Employees and Other Agents.
(a.) Directors Officers. The corporation shall indemnify its directors and
officers to the fullest extent not prohibited by the Nevada General Corporation
Law; provided, however, that the corporation may modify the extent of such
indemnification by individual contracts with its directors and officers; and,
provided, further, that the corporation shall not be required to indemnify any
director or officer in connection with any proceeding (or part thereof)
initiated by such person unless (i) such indemnification is expressly required
to be made by law, (ii) the proceeding was authorized by the Board of Directors
of the corporation, (iii) such indemnification is provided by the corporation,
in its sole discretion, pursuant to the powers vested in the corporation under
the Nevada General Corporation Law or (iv) such indemnification is required to
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be made under subsection (d).
(b.) Employees and Other Agents. The corporation shall have power to indemnify
its employees and other agents as set forth in the Nevada General Corporation
Law.
(c.) Expense. The corporation shall advance to any person who was or is a party
or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed
action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or
investigative, by reason of the fact that he is or was a director or officer, of
the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a
director or executive officer of another corporation, partnership, joint
venture, trust or other enterprise, prior to the final disposition of the
proceeding, promptly following request therefor, all expenses incurred by any
director or officer in connection with such proceeding upon receipt of an
undertaking by or on behalf of such person to repay said mounts if it should be
determined ultimately that such person is not entitled to be indemnified under
this Bylaw or otherwise.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, unless otherwise determined pursuant to paragraph
(e) of this Bylaw, no advance shall be made by the corporation to an officer of
the corporation (except by reason of the fact that such officer is or was a
director of the corporation in which event this paragraph shall not apply) in
any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or
investigative, if a determination is reasonably and promptly made (i) by the
Board of Directors by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who
were not parties to the proceeding, or (ii) if such quorum is not obtainable,
or, even if obtainable, a quorum of disinterested directors so directs, by
independent legal counsel in a written opinion, that the facts known to the
decision-making party at the time such determination is made demonstrate clearly
and convincingly that such person acted in bad faith or in a manner that such
person did not believe to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the
corporation.
(d.) Enforcement. Without the necessity of entering into an express contract,
all rights to indemnification and advances to directors and officers under this
Bylaw shall be deemed to be contractual rights and be effective to the same
extent and as if provided for in a contract between the corporation and the
director or officer. Any right to indemnification or advances granted by this
Bylaw to a director or officer shall be enforceable by or on behalf of the
person holding such right in any court of competent jurisdiction if (i) the
claim for indemnification or advances is denied, in whole or in part, or (ii) no
disposition of such claim is made within ninety (90) days of request therefor.
The claimant in such enforcement action, if successful in whole or in part,
shall be entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting his claim. In
connection with any claim for indemnification, the corporation shall be entitled
to raise as a defense to any such action that the claimant has not met the
standard of conduct that make it permissible under the Nevada General
Corporation Law for the corporation to indemnify the claimant for the amount
claimed. In connection with any claim by an officer of the corporation (except
in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or
investigative, by reason of the fact that such officer is or was a director of
the corporation) for advances, the corporation shall be entitled to raise a
defense as to any such action clear and convincing evidence that such person
acted in bad faith or in a manner that such person did not believe to be in or
not opposed in the best interests of the corporation, or with respect to any
criminal action or proceeding that such person acted without reasonable cause to
believe that his conduct was lawful. Neither the failure of the corporation
(including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel or its
stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such
action that indemnification of the claimant is proper in the circumstances
because he has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the Nevada
General Corporation Law, nor an actual determination by the corporation
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(including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel or its
stockholders) that the claimant has not met such applicable standard of conduct,
shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that claimant has not
met the applicable standard of conduct. In any suit brought by a director or
officer to enforce a right to indemnification or to an advancement of expenses
hereunder, the burden of proving that the director or officer is not entitled to
be indemnified, or to such advancement of expenses, under this Article XI or
otherwise shall be on the corporation.
(e.) Non-Exclusivity of Rights. The rights conferred on any person by this Bylaw
shall not be exclusive of any other right which such person may have or
hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the Articles of Incorporation,
Bylaws, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise,
both as to action in his official capacity and as to action in another capacity
while holding office. The corporation is specifically authorized to enter into
individual contracts with any or all of its directors, officers, employees or
agents respecting indemnification and advances, to the fullest extent not
prohibited by the Nevada General Corporation Law.
(f.) Survival of Rights. The rights conferred on any person by this Bylaw shall
continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or
other agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and
administrators of such a person.
(g.) Insurance. To the fullest extent permitted by the Nevada General
Corporation Law, the corporation, upon approval by the Board of Directors, may
purchase insurance on behalf of any person required or permitted to be
indemnified pursuant to this Bylaw.
(h.) Amendments. Any repeal or modification of this Bylaw shall only be
prospective and shall not affect the rights under this Bylaw in effect at the
time of the alleged occurrence of any action or omission to act that is the
cause of any proceeding against any agent of the corporation.
(i.) Saving Clause. If this Bylaw or any portion hereof shall be invalidated on
any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the corporation shall
nevertheless indemnify each director and officer to the full extent not
prohibited by any applicable portion of this Bylaw that shall not have been
invalidated, or by any other applicable law.
(j.) Certain Definitions. For the purposes of this Bylaw, the following
definitions shall apply:
(i.) The term "proceeding" shall be broadly construed and shall include, without
limitation, the investigation, preparation, prosecution, defense, settlement,
arbitration and appeal of, and the giving of testimony in, any threatened,
pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal,
administrative or investigative.
(ii.) The term "expenses" shall be broadly construed and shall include, without
limitation, court costs, attorneys' fees, witness fees, fines, amounts paid in
settlement or judgment and any other costs and expenses of any nature or kind
incurred in connection with any proceeding.
(iii.) The term the "corporation" shall include, in addition to the resulting
corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a
constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate
existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its
directors, officers, and employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a
director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or
was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director,
officer, employee or agent or another corporation, partnership, joint venture,
trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under the provisions
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of this Bylaw with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he would
have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had
continued.
(iv.) References to a "director," "executive officer," "officer," "employee," or
"agent" of the corporation shall include, without limitation, situations where
such person is serving at the request of the corporation as, respectively, a
director, executive officer, officer, employee, trustee or agent of another
corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise.
(v.) References to "other enterprises" shall include employee benefit plans;
references to "fines" shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with
respect to an employee benefit plan; and references to "serving at the request
of the corporation" shall include any service as a director, officer, employee
or agent of the corporation which imposes duties on, or involves services by,
such director, officer, employee, or agent with respect to an employee benefit
plan, its participants, or beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith
and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants
and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a
manner "not opposed to the best interests of the corporation" as referred to in
this Bylaw.
ARTICLE XII
NOTICES
Section 44. Notices.
(a.) Notice to Stockholders. Whenever, under any provisions of these Bylaws,
notice is required to be given to any stockholder, it shall be given in writing,
timely and duly deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, and
addressed to his last known post office address as shown by the stock record of
the corporation or its transfer agent.
(b.) Notice to directors. Any notice required to be given to any director may be
given by the method stated in subsection (a), or by facsimile, telex or
telegram, except that such notice other than one which is delivered personally
shall be sent to such address as such director shall have filed in writing with
the Secretary, or, in the absence of such filing, to the last known post office
address of such director.
(c.) Affidavit of Mailing. An affidavit of mailing, executed by a duly
authorized and competent employee of the corporation or its transfer agent
appointed with respect to the class of stock affected, specifying the name and
address or the names and addresses of the stockholder or stockholders, or
director or directors, to whom any such notice or notices was or were given, and
the time and method of giving the same, shall in the absence of fraud, be prima
facie evidence of the facts therein contained.
(d.) Time Notices Deemed Given. All notices given by mail, as above provided,
shall be deemed to have been given as at the time of mailing, and all notices
given by facsimile, telex or telegram shall be deemed to have been given as of
the sending time recorded at time of transmission.
(e.) Methods of Notice. It shall not be necessary that the same method of giving
notice be employed in respect of all directors, but one permissible method may
be employed in respect of any one or more, and any other permissible method or
methods may be employed in respect of any other or others.
(f.) Failure to Receive Notice. The period or limitation of time within which
any stockholder may exercise any option or right, or enjoy any privilege or
benefit, or be required to act, or within which any director may exercise any
power or right, or enjoy any privilege, pursuant to any notice sent him ill the
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manner above provided, shall not be affected or extended in any manner by the
failure of such stockholder or such director to receive such notice.
(g.) Notice to Person with Whom Communication Is Unlawful. Whenever notice is
required to be given, under any provision of law or of the Articles of
Incorporation or Bylaws of the corporation, to any person with whom
communication is unlawful, the giving of such notice to such person shall not be
require and there shall be no duty to apply to any governmental authority or
agency for a license or permit to give such notice to such person. Any action or
meeting which shall be taken or held without notice to any such person with whom
communication is unlawful shall have the same force and effect as if such notice
had been duly given. In the event that the action taken by the corporation is
such as to require the filing of a certificate under any provision of the Nevada
General Corporation Law, the certificate shall state, if such is the fact and if
notice is required, that notice was given to all persons entitled to receive
notice except such persons with whom communication is unlawful.
(h.) Notice to Person with Undeliverable Address. Whenever notice is required to
be given, under any provision of law or the Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws
of the corporation, to any stockholder to whom (i) notice of two consecutive
annual meetings, and all notices of meetings or of the taking of action by
written consent without a meeting to such person during the period between such
two consecutive annual meetings, or (ii) all, and at least two, payments (if
sent by first class mail) of dividends or interest on securities during a
twelve-month period, have been mailed addressed to such person at his address as
shown on the records of the corporation and have been returned undeliverable,
the giving of such notice to such person shall not be required. Any action or
meeting which shall be taken or held without notice to such person shall have
the same force and effect as if such notice had been duly given. If any such
person shall deliver to the corporation a written notice setting forth his then
current address, the requirement that notice be given to such person shall be
reinstated. In the event that the action taken by the corporation is such as to
require the filing of a certificate under any provision of the Nevada General
Corporation Law, the certificate need not state that notice was not given to
persons to whom notice was not required to be given pursuant to this paragraph.
ARTICLE XII
AMENDMENTS
Section 45. Amendments.
The Board of Directors shall have the power to adopt, amend, or repeal Bylaws as
set forth in the Articles of Incorporation.
ARTICLE XIV
LOANS TO OFFICERS
Section 46. Loans to Officers.
The corporation may lend money to, or guarantee any obligation of, or otherwise
assist any officer or other employee of the corporation or of its subsidiaries,
including any officer or employee who is a Director of the corporation or its
subsidiaries, whenever, in the judgment of the Board of Directors, such loan,
guarantee or assistance may reasonably be expected to benefit the corporation.
The loan, guarantee or other assistance may be with or without interest and may
be unsecured, or secured in such manner as the Board of Directors shall approve,
including, without limitation, a pledge of shares of stock of the corporation.
Nothing in these Bylaws shall be deemed to deny, limit or restrict the powers of
guaranty or warranty of the corporation at common law or under any statute.
Declared as the By-laws of First Consolidated Securities, Inc.. as of the 20th
day of April, 1998.
Signature of Officer /s/John W Vilagi, President and Director
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