<PAGE> 1
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 25, 1997
Registration No. 333-________
================================================================================
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
----------------------
FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
Under
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
----------------------
BOWNE & CO., INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
----------------------
NEW YORK 13-2618477
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) Identification No.)
345 HUDSON STREET
NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10014
(212) 924-5500
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code, of registrant's principal executive offices)
----------------------
DOUGLAS F. BAUER, ESQ.
345 HUDSON STREET
NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10014
(212) 924-5500
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone
number, including area code, of agent for service)
----------------------
Copies to:
Vincent Pagano, Jr., Esq.
Simpson Thacher & Bartlett
425 Lexington Avenue
New York, New York 10017-3909
APPROXIMATE DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF PROPOSED SALE TO THE PUBLIC: From
time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.
If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered
pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following
box. / /
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be
offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the
Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with
dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. /X/
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering
pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box
and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier
effective registration statement number of the earlier effective registration
statement for the same offering. / /
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule
462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities
Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration
statement for the same offering. / /
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule
434, please check the following box. / /
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
================================================================================================================
PROPOSED MAXIMUM PROPOSED MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF
TITLE OF SHARES AMOUNT TO AGGREGATE PRICE AGGREGATE REGISTRATION
TO BE REGISTERED BE REGISTERED PER UNIT(1) OFFERING PRICE(1) FEE
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Common Stock, par value $.01 30,000 $25.75 $772,500 $234.09
================================================================================================================
</TABLE>
(1) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee
pursuant to Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, on
the basis of the average of the high and low prices of the Common Stock on
the American Stock Exchange on April 24, 1997.
----------------------
THE REGISTRANT HEREBY AMENDS THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON SUCH DATE OR DATES
AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO DELAY ITS EFFECTIVE DATE UNTIL THE REGISTRANT SHALL FILE
A FURTHER AMENDMENT WHICH SPECIFICALLY STATES THAT THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT
SHALL THEREAFTER BECOME EFFECTIVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 8(a) OF THE
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL
BECOME EFFECTIVE ON SUCH DATE AS THE COMMISSION, ACTING PURSUANT TO SAID SECTION
8(a), MAY DETERMINE.
================================================================================
<PAGE> 2
INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS SUBJECT TO COMPLETION OR AMENDMENT. A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATING TO THESE SECURITIES HAS BEEN FILED WITH THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. THESE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE SOLD NOR MAY
OFFERS TO BUY BE ACCEPTED PRIOR TO THE TIME THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT BECOMES
EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS SHALL NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR THE
SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY NOR SHALL THERE BE ANY SALE OF THESE SECURITIES
IN ANY STATE IN WHICH SUCH OFFER, SOLICITATION OR SALE WOULD BE UNLAWFUL PRIOR
TO REGISTRATION OR QUALIFICATION UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY SUCH STATE.
Subject to Completion, dated April 25, 1997
PROSPECTUS
Bowne & Co., Inc.
30,000 Shares of Common Stock
$.01 Par Value
This Prospectus relates to an aggregate of 30,000 shares of Common Stock,
par value $.01 per share (the "Common Stock"), of Bowne & Co., Inc., a New York
corporation (the "Company"). All of the Common Stock offered hereby may be sold
from time to time by and for the account of the Selling Stockholders named in
this Prospectus (the "Selling Stockholders"). See "Selling Stockholders" herein.
The methods of sale of the Common Stock offered hereby are described under
the heading "Plan of Distribution." The Company will receive none of the
proceeds from such sales. The Company will pay all expenses (other than
underwriting and brokerage expenses, fees, discounts, and commissions, all of
which will be paid by the Selling Stockholders) incurred in connection with the
offering described in this Prospectus.
The Selling Stockholders and any broker-dealers that participate in the
distribution of the Common Stock offered hereby may be deemed to be
"underwriters" within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the
"1933 Act"), and any commission or profit on the resale of shares received by
such broker-dealers may be deemed to be underwriting commissions and discounts
under the 1933 Act. Upon the Company's being notified by the Selling
Stockholders that any material arrangement has been entered into with a broker
or dealer for the sale of the shares through a secondary distribution, or a
purchase by a broker or dealer, a supplemented Prospectus will be filed, if
required, disclosing among other things the names of such brokers and dealers,
the number of shares involved, the price at which such shares are being sold and
the commissions paid or the discounts or concessions allowed to such
broker-dealers.
The Common Stock of the Company is listed on the American Stock Exchange
(symbol: BNE). On April 24, 1996, the closing price of the Common Stock was
$25.625 per share.
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES
COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF
THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE
CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
The date of this Prospectus is ________ __, 1997.
<PAGE> 3
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
The Company is subject to the informational requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and in accordance
therewith files reports, proxy statements and other information with the
Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission"). Reports, proxy statements
and other information filed by the Company may be inspected and copied at the
public reference facilities maintained by the Commission, 450 Fifth Street,
N.W., Judiciary Plaza, Room 1024, Washington, D.C. 20549; and at regional
offices of the Commission at the Citicorp Center, 500 West Madison, Suite 1400,
Chicago, Illinois 60661 and at 7 World Trade Center, New York, New York 10048.
Copies of such material may be obtained by mail from the Public Reference
Section of the Commission at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549, at
prescribed rates. Such material may also be inspected and copied at the offices
of the American Stock Exchange, 86 Trinity Place, New York, New York 10006-1881,
on which the Company's Common Stock is listed. In addition, the Commission
maintains a site on the World Wide Web portion of the Internet that contains
reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding
registrants that file electronically with the Commission. The address of such
site is http://www.sec.gov.
As permitted by the rules and regulations of the Commission, this
Prospectus omits certain information contained in the Registration Statement on
Form S-3, as amended (the "Registration Statement"), of which this Prospectus is
a part. For further information with respect to the Company and the Common
Stock, reference is made to the Registration Statement and the exhibits thereto.
Statements made in this Prospectus as to the contents of any contract, agreement
or other document are not necessarily complete; and while the Company believes
the descriptions of the material provisions of such contracts, agreements and
other documents contained in this Prospectus are accurate summaries of such
material provisions, reference is made to such contract, agreement or other
document filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement for a more complete
description of the matter involved, and each such statement is qualified in its
entirety by such reference.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
The Company hereby incorporates by reference in this Prospectus the
following documents previously filed with the Commission pursuant to the
Exchange Act: (i) Annual Report of the Company on Form 10-K for the fiscal year
ended October 31, 1996; (ii) Quarterly Report of the Company on Form 10-Q for
the fiscal quarter ended January 31, 199; and (iii) Current Report of the
Company on Form 8-K dated February 10, 1997.
Each document filed by the Company pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or
15(d) of the Exchange Act subsequent to the date of this Prospectus and prior to
the termination of the offering of the Common Stock pursuant hereto shall be
deemed to be incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and to be a part of
this Prospectus from the date of filing of such document. Any statement
contained in this Prospectus or in a document incorporated or deemed to be
incorporated by reference in this Prospectus shall be deemed to be modified or
superseded for purposes of the Registration Statement and this Prospectus to the
extent that a statement contained in this Prospectus or in any subsequently
filed document that also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference in this
Prospectus modifies or supersedes such statement. Any such statement so modified
or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to
constitute a part of the Registration Statement or this Prospectus.
The Company will provide without charge to each person to whom this
Prospectus is delivered, upon the written or oral request of any such person, a
copy of any or all of the documents that are incorporated by reference in this
Prospectus, other than exhibits to such documents (unless such exhibits are
specifically incorporated by reference into such documents). Requests should be
directed to Bowne & Co., Inc., Attention: Douglas F. Bauer, Counsel & Corporate
Secretary, 345 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, telephone (212)
924-5500.
2
<PAGE> 4
THE COMPANY
The Company was incorporated in the State of New York in 1968. The Company,
through its subsidiaries, is engaged in providing the timely and accurate
preparation and distribution of documentation related to corporate and
governmental financing, information management and compliance documentation
services throughout the United States and Canada and also in London, Paris,
Frankfurt, Hong Kong, Singapore, Jakarta and Mexico City, among other places,
with affiliates worldwide.
The Company's principal executive offices are located at 345 Hudson Street,
New York, New York 10014, and the Company's telephone number is (212) 924-5500.
USE OF PROCEEDS
The Company will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the
Common Stock offered by the Selling Stockholders.
SELLING STOCKHOLDERS
The shares of the Company's Common Stock to which this Prospectus relates
are being offered by the Selling Stockholders. On March 7, 1997, the Company
entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the "Acquisition Agreement") with
Peter Jay Stafford and Rosamaria Caballero Stafford (collectively the "Selling
Stockholders"), pursuant to which the Company acquired all the outstanding
stock of The Internet Factory, Inc., a Michigan corporation ("Internet
Factory"). The Acquisition Agreement calls for the issuance of an aggregate of
30,000 shares of Common Stock to the Selling Stockholders in three installments
of 10,000 shares each. The first 10,000 shares have already been issued to the
Selling Stockholders as joint tenants, and the remainder of 20,000 shares will
be issued to the Selling Stockholders in two equal installments on January 2,
1998, and January 2, 1999 respectively.
The following table states the number of shares of the outstanding Common
Stock of the Company issued or to be issued to the Selling Stockholders as of
April 25, 1997, the number of such shares which may be sold for the account of
the Selling Stockholders, and the number of such shares that will be owned by
the Selling Stockholders assuming the sale of all the shares offered hereby.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF
NUMBER OF SHARES OF SHARES OF NUMBER OF SHARES
COMMON STOCK ISSUED COMMON STOCK TO OF COMMON STOCK
SELLING STOCKHOLDER OR TO BE ISSUED BE SOLD OWNED AFTER SALE
- ----------------------------------------- ------------------ --------------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Peter Jay Stafford and
Rosamaria Caballero Stafford ......... 30,000 30,000 0
</TABLE>
- --------------------
Prior to the Company's acquisition of Internet Factory, the Selling
Shareholders were employees of Internet Factory, and on the date hereof Peter
Jay Stafford continues to be an employee of Internet Factory, now a wholly-owned
subsidiary of the Company. Neither of the Selling Stockholders was an employee
or benefactor of the Company itself.
DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK
The Company is authorized to issue two classes of capital stock: Common
Stock, par value one cent ($.01) per share, of which 60,000,000 shares are
authorized; and Preferred Stock issuable in series, par value one cent ($.01)
per share (herein referred to as the "Preferred Stock"), of which 1,000,000
shares are authorized. On April 18, 1997, 18,106,304 shares of Common Stock
were issued and outstanding and no shares of Preferred Stock were issued or
outstanding. The following is a brief summary of the provisions of the Common
Stock and certain information relative to the Preferred Stock.
DIVIDENDS; VOTING RIGHTS; ELECTION OF DIRECTORS
Dividends may be paid on the Common Stock at the discretion of the Board of
Directors of the Company out of any funds of the Company legally available
therefor after provision for dividends payable on the Preferred Stock, if any,
as the Board of Directors may fix. Each holder of Common Stock is entitled to
one vote for every share of Common Stock outstanding in his name on the stock
register of the Company.
3
<PAGE> 5
The Board of Directors of the Company, which is elected by the stockholders, is
divided into three classes, with each class being as nearly equal in number as
possible and with the three classes being elected in successive years. Each
director is elected to serve for a term of three years or until his successor is
elected and qualified. Each class currently consists of three directors. The
holders of Common Stock have non-cumulative voting rights, which means that,
until any series of Preferred Stock is issued, the holders of more than 50% of
the stock voting for the election of directors can over a period of three years
elect all of the directors if they choose to do so and, in such event, the
holders of less than 50% of the stock remaining will not be able to elect any
person or persons as directors.
LIQUIDATION RIGHTS
Upon any distribution of the assets of the Company, the holders of the
Common Stock are entitled to distribution of all assets of the Company remaining
after the holders of each series of the Preferred Stock have been paid the
preference or redemption price for their shares, if any, fixed by the Board of
Directors of the Company at the time of the issuance of such series of Preferred
Stock.
OTHER PROVISIONS
No shares of the Common Stock of the Company are liable to any further
calls or assessment or to any sinking fund provisions, preemptive rights,
conversion rights or redemption provisions.
PREFERRED STOCK
The Board of Directors of the Company is authorized, without further action
by the stockholders, to designate the terms, limitations, relative rights and
preferences of, and to issue, series of Preferred Stock. Such series may be
superior to the Common Stock as to dividends, distributions of assets (upon
liquidation or otherwise), voting rights and sinking fund provisions, and may be
convertible into shares of any other series or class of stock, including the
Common Stock of the Company, if the Board of Directors so determines. No shares
of Preferred Stock will be entitled to any preemptive rights.
STOCKHOLDER RIGHTS PLAN
On January 30, 1997, the Board of Directors of the Company declared, and
subsequently distributed, a dividend of one preferred share purchase right (a
"Right") for each outstanding share of Common Stock. Each Right entitles the
registered holder to purchase from the Company one one-thousandth of a share of
Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $.01 per share at a
price of $125 each, subject to adjustment. The Rights will expire on January
30, 2007, unless previously redeemed or exercised, although the Board may
redeem the Rights at any time before they become exercisable. A full
description and the terms of the Rights are set forth in a Rights Agreement
dated as of January 30, 1997.
Basically, the Rights will become exercisable if a person or group of
affiliated or associated persons acquire beneficial ownership of 20% or more of
the outstanding shares of the Common Stock, or if a tender offer or exchange
offer is commenced or announced which would result in the beneficial ownership
of 20% or more of the outstanding Common Stock by any person or group. The
principal purpose of the Rights is to protect stockholders against coercive or
unfair takeover attempts on terms less favorable than would be available in a
transaction negotiated by the Board of Directors. The Rights are evidenced by
the existing certificates for the Common Stock, and separate Rights
certificates will be issued only in the event that the Rights become
exercisable.
TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR
The Transfer Agent and Registrar for the Common Stock is The Bank of New
York.
4
<PAGE> 6
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
The Company has been advised that the distribution of the Common Stock by
the Selling Stockholders may be effected from time to time in one or more
transactions (which may involve block transactions) (i) on the American Stock
Exchange or such other national security exchanges on which the Company's Common
Stock are listed, in transactions that may include special offerings and
exchange distributions pursuant to and in accordance with the rules of such
exchanges, (ii) in the over-the-counter market, or (iii) in transactions
otherwise than on such exchanges or in the over-the-counter market, or in a
combination of any such transactions. Such transactions may be effected by the
Selling Stockholders at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices
related to such prevailing market prices, at negotiated prices or at fixed
prices. The Selling Stockholders may effect such transactions by selling the
Common Stock to or through broker-dealers and such broker-dealers will receive
compensation in the form of discounts or commissions from the Selling
Stockholders and may receive commissions from the purchasers of the Common Stock
for whom they may act as agent (which discounts or commissions from the Selling
Stockholders or such purchasers will not exceed those customary in the type of
transactions involved).
Any broker-dealers that participate with the Selling Stockholders in the
distribution of the Common Stock, may be deemed to be "underwriters" within the
meaning of the 1933 Act, and any commissions or discounts received by such
broker-dealers and any profit on the resale of the Common Stock by such
broker-dealers might be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions
under such act.
Upon the Company's being notified by the Selling Stockholders that any
material arrangement has been entered into with a broker or dealer for the sale
of the Common Stock through a secondary distribution, or a purchase by a broker
or dealer, a supplemented Prospectus will be filed, if required, pursuant to
Rule 424(b) under the 1933 Act, disclosing (a) the names of such broker-dealers,
(b) the number of shares involved, (c) the price at which such shares are being
sold, (d) the commission paid or the discounts or concessions allowed to such
broker-dealers, (e) where applicable, that such broker-dealers did not conduct
any investigation to verify the information set out or incorporated by reference
in this Prospectus, as supplemented, and (f) other facts material to the
transaction.
LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters in connection with the Common Stock covered by this
Prospectus are being passed upon by Simpson Thacher & Bartlett (a partnership
which includes professional corporations), New York, New York.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements of the Company appearing in the
Company's Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended October 31, 1996, have
been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent auditors, as set forth in their
report thereon included therein and incorporated herein by reference. Such
consolidated financial statements are incorporated herein by reference in
reliance upon such report given upon the authority of such firm as experts in
accounting and auditing.
5
<PAGE> 7
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
ITEM 14. OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION.
The estimated expenses payable by the Company in connection with the
offering described in this Registration Statement are as follows:
Registration fee .................. $ 235
Legal fees and expenses ........... 5,000
Accounting fees and expenses ...... 1,000
Printing and duplicating expenses.. 500
Miscellaneous expenses ............ 0
------
Total ........................... $6,735
======
ITEM 15. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS.
Section 1 of Article X of the Company's By-Laws, as amended, provides that
the Company shall indemnify all persons whom it shall have power to indemnify
from and against all expenses, liabilities or other matters to the fullest
extent permitted by Sections 721 through 726 of the New York Business
Corporation law as from time to time amended. Sections 721 through 726 of the
New York Business Corporation Law set forth the extent to which officers or
directors of the Company may be indemnified against any liabilities which they
may incur in their capacity as such.
Article Eighth of the Company's Certificate of Incorporation, as amended,
furthermore, provides that no director of the Company is personally liable to
the Company or its stockholders for damages for any breach of duty as a director
unless a judgment or other final adjudication adverse to him establishes that
his acts or omissions involved bad faith, intentional misconduct, a knowing
violation of law or certain expressly prohibited acts, or that he personally
gained a financial profit or other advantage to which he was not legally
entitled.
The Company also has liability insurance policies in effect which cover
certain claims against any officer or director of the Company by reason of
certain breaches of duty, neglect, errors, or omissions committed by such person
in his capacity as an officer or director.
ITEM 16. EXHIBITS.
2.1 - Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of March 7, 1997 among
Bowne & Co., Inc. and the Selling Stockholders.
5.1 - Opinion of Simpson Thacher & Bartlett as to the validity of
issuance of the Common Stock.
23.1 - Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.
23.2 - Consent of Simpson Thacher & Bartlett (included in Exhibit 5.1).
24.0 - Powers of Attorney (included on page II-3 hereof).
ITEM 17. UNDERTAKINGS.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a
post effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act");
(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the
effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent
post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate,
represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the
registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or
decrease in the volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of
securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any
deviation from the low or high and of the estimated maximum offering range
may be reflected on the form of prospectus filed with the Commission
pursuant to Rule
II-1
<PAGE> 8
424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no
more than 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set
forth in the "Calculation of Registration Fee" table in the effective
registration statement;
(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of
distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any
material change to such information in the registration statement;
provided, however, that paragraph (1)(i) and (1)(ii) above do not apply if
information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those
paragraphs is contained in periodic reports filed by the registrant pursuant to
Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
(the "Exchange Act") that are incorporated by reference in the registration
statement.
(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities
Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration
statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such
securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering
thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any
of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the
offering.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of
determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the
registrant's annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the
Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan's
annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is
incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a
new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the
offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona
fide offering thereof.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act
may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the
registrant pursuant to the provisions set forth in response to Item 15, or
otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities
and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as
expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event
that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the
payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or
controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action,
suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person
in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless
in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling
precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether
such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the
Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
II-2
<PAGE> 9
SIGNATURES
PURSUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, THE
REGISTRANT CERTIFIES THAT IT HAS REASONABLE GROUNDS TO BELIEVE THAT IT MEETS ALL
OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR FILING ON FORM S-3 AND HAS DULY CAUSED THIS REGISTRATION
STATEMENT TO BE SIGNED ON ITS BEHALF BY THE UNDERSIGNED, THEREUNTO DULY
AUTHORIZED IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, STATE OF NEW YORK, ON APRIL 25, 1997.
BOWNE & CO., INC.
By: /s/ Robert M. Johnson
-----------------------------
Robert M. Johnson
Chairman of the Board
and Chief Executive Officer
POWER OF ATTORNEY
EACH PERSON WHOSE SIGNATURE APPEARS BELOW AUTHORIZES ROBERT M. JOHNSON AND
DENISE K. FLETCHER, OR EITHER OF THEM, TO EXECUTE IN THE NAME OF EACH SUCH
PERSON WHO IS THEN AN OFFICER OR DIRECTOR OF BOWNE & CO., INC. (EACH A
"REGISTRANT") AND TO FILE A REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON FORM S-3 RELATING TO THE
COMMON STOCK, AND ANY AMENDMENTS THERETO (AND ANY ADDITIONAL REGISTRATION
STATEMENT RELATED THERETO PERMITTED BY RULE 462(b) PROMULGATED UNDER THE
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 (AND ALL FURTHER AMENDMENTS INCLUDING POST-EFFECTIVE
AMENDMENTS THERETO)) NECESSARY OR ADVISABLE TO ENABLE THE REGISTRANT TO COMPLY
WITH THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND ANY RULES, REGULATIONS AND
REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, IN RESPECT THEREOF, IN
CONNECTION WITH THE REGISTRATION OF THE SECURITIES WHICH ARE THE SUBJECT OF
SUCH REGISTRATION STATEMENT, WHICH AMENDMENTS MAY MAKE SUCH CHANGES IN SUCH
REGISTRATION STATEMENT AS SUCH ATTORNEY MAY DEEM APPROPRIATE.
PURSUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED,
THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT HAS BEEN SIGNED BY THE FOLLOWING PERSONS IN THE
CAPACITIES AND ON THE DATES INDICATED.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
--------- ----- ----
<S> <C> <C>
/s/ Robert M. Johnson Chairman of the Board and Chief November 21, 1996
- -------------------------- Executive Officer
(Robert M. Johnson)
/s/ Denise K. Fletcher Vice President, Chief Financial November 21, 1996
- -------------------------- Officer (Principal Financial and
(Denise K. Fletcher) Accounting Officer)
/s/ James P. O'Neil President, Chief Operating Officer, November 21, 1996
- -------------------------- and Director
(James P. O'Neil)
/s/ Robert M. Conway Director November 21, 1996
- --------------------------
(Robert M. Conway)
/s/ Edward H. Meyer Director November 21, 1996
- --------------------------
(Edward H. Meyer)
/s/ H. Marshall Schwarz Director November 21, 1996
- --------------------------
(H. Marshall Schwarz)
/s/ Wendell M. Smith Director November 21, 1996
- --------------------------
(Wendell M. Smith)
/s/ Thomas O. Stanley Director November 21, 1996
- --------------------------
(Thomas O. Stanley)
/s/ Vincent Tese Director November 21, 1996
- --------------------------
(Vincent Tese)
/s/ Richard R. West Director November 21, 1996
- --------------------------
(Richard R. West)
</TABLE>
II-3
<PAGE> 10
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SEQUENTIALLY
EXHIBIT NUMBERED
NUMBER DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS PAGES
- ------- ----------------------- ------------
<S> <C> <C>
2.1 - Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of March 7, 1997 among
Bowne & Co., Inc. and the Selling Stockholders.
5.1 - Opinion of Simpson Thacher & Bartlett as to the validity of
issuance of the Common Stock.
23.1 - Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.
23.2 - Consent of Simpson Thacher & Bartlett (included in Exhibit 5.1).
24.0 - Powers of Attorney (included on page II-3 hereof).
</TABLE>
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STOCK PURCHASE AGREEMENT, dated as of March 7, 1997, among Peter Jay
Stafford, Rosamaria Caballero Stafford (collectively, the "Stockholders") and
BOWNE & CO., INC. a New York corporation (the "Buyer").
W I T N E S S E T H :
WHEREAS, the Stockholders are the record and beneficial owners of all
the outstanding capital stock of The Internet Factory, Inc., a Michigan
corporation (the "Company");
WHEREAS, the Buyer desires to purchase from the Stockholders, and the
Stockholders desire to sell to the Buyer, all of the shares of the common
stock, par value $.01 per share ("Company Common Stock"), of the Company, upon
the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein (such purchase, the
"Stock Purchase");
WHEREAS, upon the consummation of the transactions contemplated
herein, the Buyer shall own 100% of the outstanding shares of the Company
Common Stock.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and
agreements set forth in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable
consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged,
the parties hereto agree as follows:
ARTICLE I: DEFINITIONS
As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the following
meanings:
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"Affiliate" when used with respect to another Person shall mean any
Person controlling, controlled by or under common control with such Person.
"Agreement" means this Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of March 7,
1997 among the Buyer, the Company and the Stockholders, as it may be amended
from time to time as provided herein.
"Business" shall have the meaning assigned to it in Section 2.4(d).
"Business Day" means any day that is not a Saturday, Sunday or other
day on which banks are required or authorized by law to be closed in New York,
New York.
"Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
"ERISA" means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as
amended.
"Intellectual Property" means patents, patent applications,
trademarks, tradenames, service marks, copyright registrations or copyright
applications.
"Internet" means the worldwide network of computers. Services in
support of the internet include worldwide web site creation, maintenance and
hosting. Company intranets and extranets are to be considered part of the
Internet for purposes of this Agreement.
"IPO" means the first sale of securities of the Company to an
underwriter for reoffering to the public pursuant to an effective registration
statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
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"Leased Premises" means the premises leased by the Company as lessee
and listed in Schedule 3.1(i) hereto under the name of the Company.
"Lien" means any mortgage, pledge, security interest, option, adverse
claim, encumbrance, lien, or charge of any kind, whether voluntarily incurred
or arising by operation of law or otherwise.
"LIBOR" means the LIBO rate quoted to Bowne by its principal
commercial banking lender from time to time.
"Material Adverse Effect" means any change, effect or circumstance
that, individually or when taken together with all such other changes, effects
or circumstances, is or is reasonably likely to be materially adverse to the
business, results of operations or financial condition of the Company.
"Person" means and includes any natural person, corporation, limited
liability company, partnership, limited partnership, firm, joint venture,
association, joint-stock company, trust, business trust, unincorporated
organization, governmental or regulatory body, or other entity of whatever
nature.
"Subsidiary" means, as to any Person, a corporation, partnership or
other entity of which shares of stock or other ownership interests having
ordinary voting power (other than stock or such other ownership interests
having such power only by reason of the happening of a contingency) to elect a
majority of the board of directors or other managers of such corporation,
partnership or other entity as are at the time owned, or the management of
which is otherwise controlled, directly or
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indirectly through one or more intermediaries, or both, by such Person.
"Transfer" shall be construed broadly and shall include any transfer
by way of issuance, sale, assignment, hypothecation, disposition,
participation, pledge, gift, bequeath, intestate transfer, distribution,
liquidation, merger or consolidation.
ARTICLE II: SALE OF STOCK; CLOSING
2.1 Stock Purchase. On the basis of the representations,
warranties, covenants and agreements and subject to the satisfaction or waiver
of the conditions set forth herein, at the Closing, the Stockholders shall sell
to the Buyer, and the Buyer will purchase from the Stockholders, the Company
Common Stock. At the Closing, the Buyer will deliver by wire transfer, in
immediately available funds, to the account specified by the Stockholders,
$1,500,000 and, within 30 days of the date hereof, will deliver to the
Stockholders 10,000 shares of the Buyer's common stock, par value $.01 per
share (the "Buyer Common Stock"). At the Closing, the Stockholders shall
deliver to the Buyer, free and clear of Liens, certificates representing the
Company Common Stock, with appropriate share transfer forms attached, duly
endorsed in blank, together with evidence of payment of any applicable transfer
taxes. The Stockholders shall be entitled to keep and transfer to themselves
the items listed in Schedule 2.1.
2.2 Delivery of the Buyer Common Stock. In further
consideration of the sale by the Stockholders of the Company
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Common Stock, the Buyer agrees to deliver to the Stockholders (i) 10,000 shares
of the Buyer Common Stock on January 2, 1998, (ii) 10,000 shares of the Buyer
Common Stock on January 2, 1999, and (iii) $562,500 (the "Deferred Cash
Purchase Price") on January 2, 2000 plus accrued interest at a rate of 10% per
annum, such accrued interest to be paid on January 2 of each year. The
Deferred Cash Purchase Price may, however, be prepaid by the Buyer at any time
together with the accrued interest thereon to the date of prepayment. The
Buyer shall pay any applicable stock transfer taxes in connection with the
delivery of the Buyer Common Stock.
2.3 Closing; Closing Date. Upon the terms and subject to
the conditions set forth herein, the closing of the transactions contemplated
herein (the "Closing") will take place on the Closing Date at 2:00 p.m., New
York City time, at the offices of Simpson Thacher & Bartlett, 425 Lexington
Avenue, New York, New York. The "Closing Date" shall be the date on which the
Closing occurs and shall mean March 7, 1997 or such other date and time as may
be agreed by the parties hereto.
2.4 Earn-Out Payments. The Buyer shall pay to the
Stockholders "Annual Earn-Out Payments" and the "Final Earn-Out Payment"
(collectively, the "Earn-Out Payments") as follows:
(a) Annual Earn-Out Payments.
(i) Determination. There shall be three Annual Earn-Out
Payments. Each Annual Earn-Out Payment shall be an
amount equal to twenty percent (20%) of the Business's
Pre-Tax Income for each of calendar years 1997, 1998 and
1999, determined as provided in Section 2.4(c).
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(ii) Payment. One-half of each Annual Earn-Out
Payment (the "Initial Payment") shall be paid by March 31
of the calendar year immediately following the year for
which each Annual Earn- Out Payment is payable (e.g., by
March 31, 1998 with respect to the calendar year ending
on December 31, 1997). The remaining one-half of each
Annual Earn-Out Payment (the "Remaining Balance") will
bear interest at an annual rate of 10% (while not in
default) and at an annual rate of 16% during any period
when such payment is overdue, which interest will begin
to accrue on the March 31 date by which the applicable
Initial Payment is due (the "Required Payment Date").
Accrued interest on each Remaining Balance shall be paid
on each March 31 following the Required Payment Date for
the related Initial Payment until the Remaining Balance
is paid. Each Remaining Balance shall be paid on or
before March 31, 2000, together with accrued interest.
(b) Final Earn-Out Payment.
(i) Determination. The Final Earn-Out Payment shall be
the amount, if any, by which the Business's Pre-Tax
Income for the year ending December 31, 1999 exceeds
$562,500, determined as provided in Section 2.4(c).
(ii) Payment. The Final Earn-Out Payment shall be made
on or before March 31, 2000.
(c) Successors. The Earn-Out Payments shall be paid to the
Stockholders by the Buyer whether or not a Disposition Event
(as defined in Section 2.5) occurs. If an Earn-Out Payment is
not determinable because a Disposition Event has occured prior
to the date such Earn-Out Payment is due, such Earn-Out
Payment shall be calculated based on the Pre-Tax Income of the
Business for the four (4) quarters immediately preceding such
Disposition Event, and such Earn-Out Payment shall be payable
upon the occurence of such Disposition Event pursuant to
Section 2.5.
(d) Determination of Earn-Out Payments. In connection with
determining the amount of Earn-Out Payments, the following
terms shall have the following meanings:
(i) "Pre-Tax Income" shall be determined as follows:
(1) Pre-Tax Income shall include the income of the
Business, considered as an independent corporate entity
prior to any deduction for:
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(x) foreign, federal, state and local
taxes measured by earnings or gross income, the
Michigan Single Business tax, and any income tax
credits;
(y) interest, finance charges,
commitment fees, loan fees, "points" or other
similar charges incurred in connection with
borrowing money or financing the use of tangible or
intangible property other than Interest on Buyer
Advances; and
(z) fees, charges, costs and expenses
paid or payable to Buyer or any Affiliate of Buyer
to the extent that such amounts exceed the amount
which the Business could reasonably be expected to
pay to independent third parties for the goods or
services giving rise to such payments to Buyer or
its Affiliate.
(2) Pre-Tax Income shall be determined in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles
in the United States, consistently applied, but with the
following additional adjustments:
(w) Assets of the Business as of the
Closing shall be valued in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles
consistently applied which were used by the Company
in its financial statement dated December 31, 1996,
and without considering any adjustment to asset
values from any allocation by Buyer of the purchase
price for the Stock Purchase or any other payment
made by Buyer pursuant to this Agreement or
pursuant to any election made pursuant to Section
338(h)(10) of the Code.
(x) Buyer may charge management fees
and expenses to the Company but only to the extent
they comply with Section 2.4(c)(i)(1)(z).
(y) If the Business makes any payment
or distribution to Buyer other than repayment of
any Buyer Advances or Interest on Buyer Advances,
the Business shall be deemed to have made a loan to
Buyer bearing interest at an interest rate equal to
LIBOR.
(z) Pre-Tax Income will exclude
extraordinary items such as the gain or loss
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on sales or divestitures from components of the
Business.
(3) The parties hereto recognize, by reason of the
integration of the Business into the operations of Buyer,
that certain adjustments to Pre-Tax Income may be
necessary, in addition to the types of adjustments set
forth above, in order that the calculation of Pre-Tax
Income will not be distorted from the calculation which
would be made if the Business were considered under
generally accepted accounting principles to be an
independent corporate entity.
(4) Pre-Tax Income for the calendar years ending
December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999 shall be annually
determined by the Company, and shall be set forth in a
statement of Pre-Tax Income for such year (the "Annual
Statement") and delivered to the Stockholders by March 1
of the following year. The Annual Statement shall be
accompanied by a certificate of an officer of the Company
to the effect that such Annual Statement was prepared in
accordance with this Agreement. If the Stockholders
disagree with the Company's formulation of the Annual
Statement, they may have the Annual Statement reviewed by
the independent certified public accountants who are then
auditing the accounts of the Company (the "Company
Accountants") within sixty (60) days following its
receipt, and such Annual Statement shall be accompanied
by a certificate of such accountants to the effect that
such Annual Statement was prepared in accordance with
this Agreement. In addition, the Stockholders may, at
their expense, have the Annual Statement reviewed by a
different nationally recognized firm of certified public
accountants (the "Stockholders Accountants") within
forty-five (45) days following its receipt, and Buyer
will make available to Stockholders and their accountants
such books and records of Buyer and the work papers of
the Company Accountant which are relevant to determining
Pre-Tax Income. If any differences exist between such
accounting firms in the determination of Pre-Tax Income,
the items in dispute shall be submitted to a mutually
acceptable third firm of nationally recognized
independent public accountants (the "Joint Accountants")
for its determination, which shall be binding on the
Stockholders and Buyer. Stockholders shall pay the fees
and expenses of the Stockholders Accountants and one-half
the fees and expenses of the Joint Accountants, unless
(I) the amount of Pre-Tax Income finally determined to
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have been earned exceeds the amount specified by the
Company's Accountants by at least 10%, in which case
Buyer shall pay the fees and expenses of the Stockholders
Accountants and the Joint Accountants, or (II) the amount
of Pre-Tax Income finally determined to have been earned
exceeds the amount specified by the Company's Accountants
by less than 4%, in which case the Stockholders shall pay
the fees and expenses of the Stockholders Accountants and
the Joint Accountants. Buyer shall pay the fees and
expenses of the Company Accountant and one-half of the
fees and expenses of the Joint Accountant except as
provided in the preceding sentence.
(ii) "Interest on Buyer Advances" means interest
calculated at an annual rate of LIBOR on that portion of
Buyer Advances outstanding from time to time which exceed
$2,000,000.
(iii) "Buyer Advances" means the aggregate outstanding
balance of all loans, advances, capital contributions or
other payments from the Buyer or any Affiliate of the
Buyer to the Business. Buyer Advances do not include any
payments made to the Stockholders pursuant to this
Agreement.
(iv) "Business" means the Company, whether maintained as
a separate corporate division, subsidiary or otherwise,
together with its subsidiaries, considered on a
consolidated basis after eliminating all intercorporate
items between units of the Business; provided, however,
that any business acquired or placed under the ownership
or control of the Business after the Closing shall only
be considered to be part of the Business with the consent
of the Stockholders.
2.5 Disposition Payment. The Buyer shall pay to the
Stockholders a Disposition Payment in the circumstances and amounts as follows:
(a) The Disposition Payment shall become payable in the
following circumstances (each a "Disposition Event"):
(i) Buyer sells all or substantially all of the assets
of the Business to an unaffiliated party pursuant to an
agreement made on or before December 31, 2000;
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(ii) Buyer establishes the Business or substantially all
of the Business as a legal entity (the "Business Entity")
and sells an ownership interest in the Business Entity to
an unaffiliated party pursuant to an agreement made on or
before December 31, 2000; or
(iii) The Business Entity issues to an unaffiliated
party its capital stock or other equity securities or
securities which may be converted into equity securities
or pursuant to which equity securities may be acquired on
or before, or pursuant to an agreement made on or before,
December 31, 2000.
(b) The Disposition Payment shall be in the amount, if any,
by which 10% of the "Business Payment" exceeds the sum of
$562,500 and the amount, if any, previously paid as a Final
Earn-Out payment. The Business Payment shall be determined as
follows:
(i) If the Disposition Event is described in Section
2.5(a)(i), the Business Payment shall be an amount equal
to the fair market value of the consideration paid or
payable to the Buyer or an Affiliate of Buyer. If
consideration is to be paid following the initial closing
of the Disposition Event, the portion of the Business
Payment relating to such future consideration shall be
paid to the Stockholders when such future consideration
is received by Buyer or such Affiliate, in the manner
provided in Section 2.5(c) below;
(ii) If the Disposition Event is described in Section
2.5(a)(ii), the Business Payment shall be an amount equal
to the fair market value of the entire Business
determined by using the net proceeds received (or
receivable) for the securities of the Business Entity
which were sold by Buyer or such Affiliate;
(iii) If the Disposition Event is described in Section
2.5(a)(iii), the Business Payment shall be an amount
equal to the fair market value of the entire Business
determined by using the net proceeds received (or
receivable) for the securities of the Business Entity
which were issued or are issuable, but without giving
effect to the proceeds received from the issuance of such
securities.
(c) A Disposition Payment (or portion thereof) shall be paid
to Stockholders within thirty (30) days after
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receipt by Buyer of the related Business Payment (or portion
thereof).
2.6 Closing Actions. At the Closing each of the
following will occur:
(a) Employment Agreements. Peter Jay Stafford shall enter
into an Employment Agreement with Bowne Business Services, Inc.
("BBS"), and the Buyer shall cause BBS to enter into such Employment
Agreement, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit
2.6(a).
(b) Registration Rights Agreement. The Buyer shall enter
into a Registration Rights Agreement (the "Registration Rights
Agreement") with each of the Stockholders, substantially in the form
attached hereto as Exhibit 2.6(b).
(c) Legal Opinion. The Buyer shall have received a legal
opinion from Pepper, Hamilton & Scheetz, dated the Closing Date,
substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 2.6(c).
(d) Legal Opinion. The Company and the Stockholders shall
have received a legal opinion from Simpson Thacher & Bartlett dated
the Closing Date, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit
2.6(d).
(e) Guarantees. Buyer shall, or shall cause the Company to,
agree to take such action as is necessary to cause the obligations
under the personal guarantees of Company indebtedness listed on
Schedule 2.6(e) to be cancelled as promptly following the Closing Date
as is commercially reasonable.
ARTICLE III: REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
3.1 Representations and Warranties of the Company. The
Company represents and warrants to the Buyer as follows:
(a) Due Organization of the Company. The Company is a
corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the
laws of the State of Michigan. The Company does not have any Subsidiaries.
The Company is duly qualified or licensed to do business and is in good
standing in each jurisdiction in which the nature of its business or the
ownership or leasing of
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its properties makes such qualification or licensing necessary, other than in
such jurisdictions where the failure to be so qualified or licensed
(individually or in the aggregate) would not have a Material Adverse Effect.
Accurate and complete copies of the articles of incorporation, including all
amendments thereto and restatements thereof, and bylaws of the Company have
been delivered to the Buyer. Accurate and complete copies of the corporate
minutes and the stock record books of the Company have been made available to
the Buyer. Complete and accurate records with respect to the issuance,
transfer, redemption and cancellation of shares of capital stock of the Company
are contained in the stock record books which have been made available to the
Buyer.
(b) Authorization and Validity of Agreement. The Company has
all requisite corporate power and authority to enter into this Agreement and to
perform its obligations hereunder and to consummate the transactions
contemplated hereby. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of
this Agreement and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated
hereby have been duly authorized by the Board of Directors and stockholders of
the Company, and no other corporate action on the part of the Company is
necessary for the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this
Agreement and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby.
This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and,
assuming due authorization, execution and delivery by the Buyer, is a valid and
legally binding obligation of the Company,
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enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except that such
enforcement may be subject to (i) bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization,
moratorium or other similar laws affecting or relating to enforcement of
creditors' rights generally and (ii) general equitable principles.
(c) Capitalization. As of the date hereof, the authorized
capital stock of the Company is 1,000 shares of Company Common Stock and 100
shares of Company Common Stock are issued and outstanding. Except as set forth
above, no shares of capital stock of the Company are issued, reserved for
issuance or outstanding. Each outstanding share of the Company Common Stock is
duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and not subject
to preemptive rights. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(c), there are no
outstanding bonds, debentures, notes or other indebtedness or other securities
of the Company having the right to vote (or convertible into, or exchangeable
for, securities having the right to vote) on any matters on which stockholders
of the Company may vote. There are no outstanding existing or authorized
subscriptions, options, warrants, calls, rights, or any other agreements of any
character relating to the sale, issuance or voting of any shares of the capital
stock of, or other equity interests in, the Company or any securities
convertible into or evidencing the right to purchase such capital stock or
other equity interests in, the Company, and there are no voting trusts,
stockholder agreements, or other agreements or understandings with respect to
the voting or transfer of the Company Common Stock. As of the date hereof, the
Stockholders
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are the only record and beneficial owners of the Company Common Stock in the
amounts set forth on Schedule 3.1(c).
(d) Subsidiaries. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(d),
the Company has no Subsidiaries and there are no corporations, partnerships,
joint ventures, associations or other entities in which the Company owns, of
record or beneficially, any direct or indirect equity or other interest or any
right (contingent or otherwise) to acquire the same. Except as set forth on
Schedule 3.1(d), the Company is not a member of (nor is any part of the
Company's business conducted through) any partnership, nor is the Company a
participant in any joint venture or similar arrangement.
(e) No Conflict; Consents. The execution, delivery and
performance by the Company of this Agreement and the consummation by it of the
transactions contemplated hereby will not either alone or with the passage of
time or both: (i) violate any provision of any law, rule, regulation, order,
judgment or decree applicable to the Company; (ii) require any consent or
approval of, or filing with or notice to, any governmental or regulatory
authority under any provision of any law applicable to the Company; (iii)
violate the Articles of Incorporation or By-laws (or equivalent organizational
documents) of the Company; and (iv) require any consent, approval or notice
under, and will not conflict with, or result in the breach or termination of,
or constitute a default under, or result in the acceleration of the performance
by the Company, under, any contract, indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, lease,
license,
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franchise, agreement or other instrument to which the Company is a party or by
which any of them, or any of their assets, are bound or encumbered, other than,
in the case of clauses (i), (ii) or (iv), any consent, approval, filing or
notice that would not, if not given or made, or any violation, conflict,
breach, termination, default or acceleration which would not (x) impair in any
material respect the ability of the Company to perform its obligations under
this Agreement or (y) prevent or materially delay the consummation of the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
(f) Financial Statements. The Company heretofore has
delivered to the Buyer (i) a copy of the balance sheet of the Company as at
December 31, 1996 (such balance sheet and any notes thereto being referred to
herein as the "Balance Sheet"), the income statements of the Company for each
year in the two-year period ended December 31, 1996 (such income statements and
any notes thereto being referred to herein as the "Income Statements" and,
collectively with the Balance Sheets and the, the "Financial Statements"). The
Financial Statements were prepared in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles applied on a consistent basis, except that there are no
notes thereto. The Financial Statements accurately reflect the books, records
and accounts of the Company in all material respects and present fairly in all
material respects as of the dates and for the periods stated therein the
financial condition and results of operations of the Company subject, in the
case of unaudited interim period financial statements, to the absence of
footnotes
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and to normal and recurring year-end adjustments which are not expected to be
material. The Financial Statements do not reflect tax distributions which will
be made to Stockholders.
(g) Tax Matters. For purposes of this Section 3.1(g), any
reference to the Company shall include any corporation that merged or was
liquidated with and into the Company. Except as disclosed in Schedule 3.1(g):
(i) All Tax Returns required to be filed by or with respect
to the Company have been timely filed and all such Tax Returns are
complete and correct in all respects. The Company has (i) timely paid
all Taxes that are due, or that have been asserted in writing by any
taxing authority to be due, from or with respect to it for the periods
ending prior to the date hereof (including Taxes attributable to the
period ending on the Closing Date under Section 6.1(a)) or (ii) made
adequate provisions in the Financial Statements for any such Taxes
that have not been paid, whether or not shown as being due on any Tax
Returns.
(ii) No claim for unpaid Taxes has become a lien against the
property of the Company or is being asserted against the Company.
(iii) There are no outstanding agreements, waivers or
arrangements extending the statutory period of limitation applicable
to any claim for, or the period for the collection or assessment of,
Taxes due from or with respect to the Company for any taxable period,
and no power of
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attorney granted by or with respect to the Company relating to Taxes is
currently in force.
(iv) No audit or other proceeding by any governmental entity
has formally commenced and no specific written notification has been
given to the Company that such an audit or other proceeding is pending
or threatened with respect to any Taxes due from or with respect to
the Company or any Tax Return filed by or with respect to the Company.
No assessment of Tax has been proposed in writing to the Company
against the Company or any of its assets or properties.
(v) As of the Closing Date, the Company shall not be a party
to, be bound by or have any obligation under, any Tax sharing
agreement or similar contract or arrangement.
(vi) There is no contract or agreement, plan or arrangement
by the Company covering any person that, individually or collectively,
could give rise to the payment of any amount that would not be
deductible by the Company by reason of section 280G of the Code, as
now in effect.
(vii) The Company has not been and is not currently in
violation (or, with or without notice or lapse of time or both, would
be in violation) of any applicable law or regulation relating to the
payment or withholding of Taxes. The Company has duly and timely
withheld from employee salaries, wages and other compensation and paid
over to the appropriate taxing authorities all amounts required to be
so
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withheld and paid over for all periods under all applicable laws and
regulations.
(viii) The Company has not acquired property from or disposed
of property for proceeds less than fair market value thereof to, any
Person with whom it does not deal at arm's length.
(ix) For all taxable periods prior to the Buyer's purchase of
the Company Common Stock pursuant to this Agreement, the Company was a
"small business corporation" as defined in section 1361(b) of the Code
and has had a valid and effective election under section 1362(a) of
the Code and applicable state law statutes to be an S corporation for
such periods.
(x) Without limiting the foregoing representations in any
way, the Company has collected all sales and use Taxes required to be
collected, and have remitted, or will remit on a timely basis, such
amounts to the appropriate governmental authorities, or have been
furnished properly completed exemption certificates. The Company (i)
has in its possession all records and supporting documents required by
all applicable sales and use Tax statutes and regulations regarding
the collection and payment of all sales and use Taxes required to be
collected and paid over and regarding all exempt transactions for all
periods open under the applicable statute of limitations as of the
Closing Date, and (ii) has maintained all such records and supporting
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documents in the manner required by all applicable sales and use Tax
statutes and regulations.
(xi) As used herein, "Taxes" shall mean all taxes of any
kind, including, without limitation, those on or measured by or
referred to as income, gross receipts, sales, use, ad valorem,
franchise, profits, license, withholding, payroll, employment, excise,
severance, stamp, occupation, premium, value added, property or
windfall profits taxes, customs, duties or similar fees, assessments
or charges of any kind whatsoever, together with any interest and any
penalties, additions to tax or additional amounts imposed by any
governmental entity. As used herein, "Tax Return" shall mean any
return, declaration, report, claim for refund or information return or
statement relating to Taxes, including any schedule or attachment
thereto, and including any amendment thereof.
(h) Insurance. As of the date hereof, the Company maintains
the insurance policies listed on Schedule 3.1(h). All such policies are in
full force and effect, all premiums due thereon have been paid and the Company
has complied in all material respects with the provisions of such policies.
(i) Title to Property; Liens and Encumbrances. (i) The
Company does not own any real property. Schedule 3.1(i) lists all leases
relating to the Leased Premises. The Company owns a valid and subsisting
interest as lessee of the Leased Premises and except as set forth on Schedule
3.1(i) hereto, the interest of the Company in all such Leased Premises is free
and clear of
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all Liens except (i) statutory Liens arising or incurred in the ordinary course
of business with respect to which the underlying obligations are not delinquent
or the validity of which is being contested in good faith by appropriate
proceedings and for which adequate reserves for monies owed are reflected on
the Financial Statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles, (ii) Liens for taxes under the Leases not yet delinquent or the
validity of which are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings
and for which adequate reserves are reflected on the Financial Statements in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and (iii) Liens and
defects in title that are not material to the lessee (the types of Liens
identified in clauses (i) through (iii) above being herein referred to as
"Permitted Liens").
(ii) To the best of the Company's knowledge, all improvements
in the Leased Premises are in compliance with applicable zoning and land use
laws, ordinances and regulations in all respects necessary to conduct the
operation of the Company operating thereon as presently conducted, except for
compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act and except for any
instances of non-compliance which do not and will not in the aggregate have a
material adverse effect on the owner or lessee of such Leased Premises. All
such improvements are in good working condition and repair, subject to ordinary
wear and tear, are insurable at standard rates, and comply in all material
respects with applicable federal, state and local statutes, ordinances and
regulations.
<PAGE> 21
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(iii) Except as specified on Schedule 3.1(i) and except for
Permitted Liens, the Company has good title to the tangible personal property
owned by it free and clear of all Liens. All tangible personal property owned
by any of the Company is in a good state of repair and operating condition
subject to normal repair, maintenance and replacement.
(j) Patents, Trademarks, Tradenames, Service Marks and
Copyrights. Schedule 3.1(j) sets forth all Intellectual Property owned,
licensed or used by or registered in the name of the Company. To the knowledge
of the Company, the Company owns, free and clear of all Liens, and without
infringement on the rights of others, all right and interest in, and right and
authority to use in connection with the conduct of its business as presently
conducted, all Intellectual Property used in such business and there are not
outstanding or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened judicial or
adversary proceedings with respect thereto.
(k) Legal Proceedings. Except as set forth on Schedule
3.1(k), there is no claim, legal action, decree, judgment, order, arbitration
or administrative or other proceeding, suit or governmental investigation
pending, or to the knowledge of the Company, threatened, against the Company
which, individually or in the aggregate, could have a Material Adverse Effect
or which, as of the date hereof, seeks to enjoin or prohibit or otherwise
question the validity of any action to be taken by the Company in connection
with this Agreement. As of the date hereof, to the Company's knowledge, there
are no events or
<PAGE> 22
22
conditions which could reasonably be expected to result in a claim, legal
action, decree, judgment, order, arbitration or administrative or other
proceeding, suit or governmental investigation of the Company which,
individually or in the aggregate, would have a Material Adverse Effect
(l) Conduct of Business in Compliance with Laws. (i) The
Company is not in violation of, or in default with respect to, any order, law,
rule, regulation, judgment, order or decree of any federal, state, foreign,
municipal or governmental department, commission, board, bureau, agency or
instrumentality which affects the Company, except where the violation or
default would not give rise, individually or in the aggregate, to a Material
Adverse Effect and except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(l).
(ii) The Company possess all material governmental licenses,
permits, franchises and other authorizations of any federal, state, local or
foreign governmental authority ("Licenses"). All such Licenses are in full
force and effect except for those whose failure to be in full force and effect
would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. To
the Company's knowledge, no proceeding is pending or threatened seeking the
revocation or limitation of any such License that could, individually or in the
aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.
(m) Absence of Undisclosed Liabilities. Except for
liabilities reflected or reserved against in the Financial Statements, the
Company does not have any liabilities,
<PAGE> 23
23
commitments, indebtedness or obligations of any nature, whether absolute,
accrued, contingent or otherwise, and whether due or to become due that would
be required to be reflected on a balance sheet (or required to be disclosed in
the notes thereto) prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles and that would, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material
Adverse Effect; except the Company is obligated to make distributions prior to
the Closing to the Stockholders sufficient to enable them to pay federal, state
and local income taxes due with respect to 1996 and the period beginning
January 1, 1997 and ending on the Closing Date; provided, however, to the
extent such distributions are not sufficient to enable the Stockholders to pay
federal, state and local income taxes due with respect to 1996 and the period
beginning January 1, 1997 and ending on the Closing Date, Buyer shall, or shall
cause the Company to, make a payment to the Stockholders by March 31, 1997 in
an amount equal to such deficiency.
(n) Absence of Changes or Events. Except as set forth on
Schedule 3.1(n), since December 31, 1996, (i) the business of the Company has
been conducted in all material respects only in the ordinary course, (ii) the
Company has not, except in the ordinary course of business, purchased, sold,
assigned or transferred any of the assets of the Company or made or obligated
itself in any way to make any increase in the compensation, incentive,
opportunity or benefits payable to any employee of the Company, except for
regular periodic employee pay raises consistent with past practice and (iii)
there has not been a
<PAGE> 24
24
Material Adverse Effect in the Company, taken as a whole, except for any change
resulting from general economic, financial or market conditions.
(o) Employee Benefit Plans. (i) Schedule 3.1(o) contains a
true and complete list of each "employee benefit plan" (within the meaning of
section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended
("ERISA"), including, without limitation, stock purchase, stock option,
severance, employment, change-in-control, fringe benefit, bonus, incentive,
deferred compensation and all other employee benefit plans, agreements,
programs, policies or other arrangements, whether or not subject to ERISA
(including any funding mechanism therefor now in effect or required in the
future as a result of the transaction contemplated by this Agreement or
otherwise), whether formal or informal, oral or written, legally binding or
not, under which any employee or former employee of the Company has any present
or future right to benefits or under which the Company has any present or
future liability. All such plans, agreements, programs, policies and
arrangements shall be collectively referred to as the "Company Plans". The
Company is not a party to any collective bargaining agreement. The Company has
never maintained a defined benefit plan or contributed to a multi-employer plan
within the meaning of ERISA section 3(37) and no Company Plan has ever been
subject to Title IV of ERISA.
(ii) With respect to each Company Plan, the Company has
delivered or made available to the Buyer a current, accurate and complete copy
(or, to the extent no such copy exists, an
<PAGE> 25
25
accurate description) thereof and, to the extent applicable: (i) any related
trust agreement or other funding instrument; (ii) the most recent determination
letter, if applicable; (iii) any summary plan description and other written
communications (or a description of any material oral communications) by the
Company to its employees concerning the extent of the benefits provided under a
Company Plan; and (iv) for the three most recent years (A) the Form 5500 and
attached schedules, (B) audited financial statements, if any exist, and (C)
attorney's response to an auditor's request for information.
(iii) (A) Each Company Plan has been established and
administered in accordance with its terms, and in substantial compliance with
the applicable provisions of ERISA, the Code and other applicable laws, rules
and regulations; (B) each Company Plan which is intended to be qualified within
the meaning of Code section 401(a) is so qualified and has received a favorable
determination letter as to its qualification, and nothing has occurred, whether
by action or failure to act, that would cause the loss of such qualification;
(C) no event has occurred and no condition exists that would subject the
Company, either directly or by reason of its affiliation with any member of its
"Controlled Group" (defined as any organization which is a member of a
controlled group of organizations within the meaning of Code sections 414(b),
(c), (m) or (o)), to any tax, fine, lien or penalty imposed by ERISA, the Code
or other applicable laws, rules and regulations; (D) for each Company Plan with
respect to
<PAGE> 26
26
which a Form 5500 has been filed, no material change has occurred with respect
to the matters covered by the most recent Form since the date thereof; and (E)
no non-exempt "prohibited transaction" (as such term is defined in ERISA
section 406 and Code section 4975) has occurred with respect to any Company
Plan.
(iv) With respect to any Company Plan, (i) no actions, suits
or claims (other than routine claims for benefits in the ordinary course) are
pending or, to the Company's knowledge, threatened, and (ii) no facts or
circumstances exist that could give rise to any such actions, suits or claims.
(v) No Company Plan exists that could result in the payment
to any present or former employee of the Company of any money or other property
or accelerate or provide any other rights or benefits to any present or former
employee of the Company as a result of the transaction contemplated by this
Agreement, whether or not such payment would constitute a parachute payment
within the meaning of Code section 280G.
(p) Environmental Matters. (i) Except as would not
reasonably be expected to result individually or in the aggregate in any
material liability under any Environmental Law (as hereinafter defined), all
operations and uses by the Company of the Leased Premises are in compliance
with all currently applicable environmental statutes, ordinances, regulations
and orders relating to the protection of the environment (collectively,
"Environmental Laws"). The Company has obtained all permits necessary under
Environmental Laws for the operation of their businesses, and all such permits
are in full force and
<PAGE> 27
27
effect and the Company is in substantial compliance with the terms and
conditions of all such permits. To the knowledge of the Company, there are no
outstanding Liens on the Company's interest in the Leased Premises under any
Environmental Laws. The Company has not received any notice of, or is
otherwise aware of, any administrative or judicial investigations, proceedings
or actions with respect to violations, alleged or proven, of any Environmental
Laws by the Company or any tenants or subtenants of the Company, or otherwise
involving such Leased Premises or the operations conducted on or in such Leased
Premises.
(ii) To the knowledge of the Company, and except as would not
reasonably be expected to result individually or in the aggregate in any
material liability under any Environmental Law, the Leased Premises are in
compliance with all Environmental Laws and there has been no release (nor, to
the knowledge of the Company, is there any substantial threat of a release) of
any hazardous substance at or from such Leased Premises in amounts or
concentrations requiring remediation under or that would violate current
Environmental Laws. To the knowledge of the Company, there are no hazardous
substances present on such Leased Premises except for ordinary quantities of
properly stored hazardous substances found in consumer or commercial products
that are used in the normal course of the Company's business, including grounds
and building operation and maintenance, or except as otherwise present in
material compliance with Environmental Laws or as would not reasonably be
expected to result individually or in the aggregate in any material liability
under any Environmental Law.
<PAGE> 28
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To the knowledge of the Company, there are no underground
storage tanks, or underground piping associated with such tanks, at such Leased
Premises.
(q) Affiliate Transactions. Except as set forth on Schedule
3.1(q) and except for the Employment Agreement with Peter Jay Stafford being
executed simultaneously herewith, the Company does not have any outstanding
contract, agreement or other arrangement with any of the Stockholders or any of
such Stockholders' Affiliates which will continue in effect subsequent to the
Closing or, other than the movement of monetary assets, has not engaged in any
transaction outside the ordinary course of business consistent with past
practice with the Stockholders or their Affiliates since December 31, 1995
which was (x) material to the business or operations of the Company taken as a
whole or (y) undertaken in contemplation of the sale of the Company.
(r) Material Contracts. Schedule 3.1(r) lists all contracts,
agreements, leases, and licenses, including, without limitation, all collective
bargaining agreements and employment agreements and consulting agreements as to
which the Company is a party or by which it is bound, providing for payments in
excess of $10,000 per year. Such contracts are collectively referred to herein
as "Material Contracts". The Company has delivered or made available to the
Buyer copies of all such Material Contracts. Except as set forth on Schedule
3.1(r) hereto, each Material Contract is valid and binding (except to the
extent that the invalidity or nonbinding nature of any Material Contract would
not have a Material Adverse Effect) and is in full force and
<PAGE> 29
29
effect in accordance with its terms and the Company has not granted any
material waivers or forebearances thereunder nor is the Company, or to the
knowledge of the Company, any third party, in material default in the
performance of any of its obligations under any such Material Contract and no
event or circumstance has occurred which, with the giving of notice or the
lapse of time or both, would constitute a material default by the Company under
any Material Contract. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(r), the
transactions contemplated hereby may be consummated without the consent of any
party to any Material Contract and such sale will not affect the validity or
enforceability of any such Material Contract or cause any material change in
the substantive terms thereof.
(s) Brokers, Finders, etc. The Company has not employed any
broker, finder, consultant or other intermediary who is or will be entitled to
any broker's or finder's fee or any other commission or similar fee in
connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
3.2 Representations and Warranties of the Stockholders. The
Stockholders, jointly and severally, represent and warrant to the Buyer as
follows:
(a) Authorization and Validity of Agreement. Each of the
Stockholders has legal capacity to enter into this Agreement and perform its
obligations hereunder. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by
each Stockholder and, assuming due authorization, execution and delivery by the
Buyer, is a valid and legally binding obligation of such Stockholder,
enforceable
<PAGE> 30
30
against such Stockholder in accordance with its terms, except that such
enforcement may be subject to (i) bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization,
moratorium or other similar laws affecting or relating to enforcement of
creditors' rights generally and (ii) general equitable principles.
(b) Investment Intent. Each Stockholder understands that
except as provided in the Registration Rights Agreement, the Buyer Common Stock
delivered in connection with the transactions contemplated herein will not be
registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act"), or any
other applicable securities laws. Each Stockholder is acquiring the Buyer
Common Stock for investment for his own account and not with a view to, or for
resale in connection with, the distribution or other disposition thereof,
except as contemplated by the Registration Rights Agreement provided for
herein. Each Stockholder agrees and acknowledges that he will not, directly or
indirectly, offer, transfer, sell, assign, pledge, hypothecate or otherwise
dispose of any shares of the Buyer Common Stock received hereunder unless such
transfer, sale, assignment, pledge, hypothecation or other disposition is
pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Act or counsel for
such Stockholder (which counsel shall be acceptable to the Buyer) shall have
furnished the Buyer with an opinion, satisfactory in form and substance to the
Buyer, that no such registration is required because of the availability of an
exemption from registration under the Act. Each Stockholder further represents
and warrants that (i) his financial condition is such that he can afford to
bear the
<PAGE> 31
31
economic risk of holding the Buyer Common Stock for an indefinite period of
time and has adequate means for providing for his current needs and personal
contingencies, (ii) he can afford to suffer a complete loss of his investment
in the Buyer Common Stock, and (iii) his knowledge and experience in financial
and business matters are such that he is capable of evaluating the merits and
risks of his acquisition of the Buyer Common Stock as contemplated by this
Agreement.
3.3 Representations and Warranties of the Buyer. The Buyer
represents and warrants to the Company and the Stockholders as follows:
(a) Due Organization and Power of the Buyer. The Buyer is a
corporation duly organized and validly existing under the laws of the State of
New York. The Buyer is duly qualified or licensed to do business and is in
good standing in each jurisdiction in which the nature of its business or the
ownership or leasing of its properties makes such qualification or licensing
necessary, other than in such jurisdictions where the failure to be so
qualified or licensed (individually or in the aggregate) would not have a
Material Adverse Effect.
(b) Authorization and Validity of Agreement. The Buyer has
all requisite corporate power and authority to enter into this Agreement and
perform its obligations hereunder. The execution, delivery and performance by
the Buyer of this Agreement and the consummation by it of the transactions
contemplated hereby have been duly authorized by its Board of Directors and no
other corporate action on the part of the Buyer
<PAGE> 32
32
including, without limitation, action of the Buyer's stockholders, is necessary
for the execution, delivery and performance by the Buyer of this Agreement and
the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby. This Agreement
has been duly executed and delivered by the Buyer and, assuming due
authorization, execution and delivery by the Company and the Stockholders, is a
valid and legally binding obligation of the Buyer, enforceable against the
Buyer in accordance with its terms, except that such enforcement may be subject
to (i) bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws
affecting or relating to enforcement of creditors' rights generally and (ii)
general equitable principles.
(c) No Conflict; Consents. The execution, delivery and
performance by the Buyer of this Agreement and the consummation by each of them
of the transactions contemplated hereby will not either alone or with the
passage of time or both: (i) violate any provision of any law, rule,
regulation, order, judgment or decree applicable to the Buyer; (ii) require any
consent or approval of, or filing with or notice to, any governmental or
regulatory authority under any provision of any law applicable to the Buyer;
(iii) violate the Certificate of Incorporation or By-laws of the Buyer; and
(iv) require any consent, approval or notice under, and will not conflict with,
or result in the breach or termination of, or constitute a default under, or
result in the acceleration of the performance by the Buyer, under, any
contract, indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, lease, license, franchise,
agreement or other instrument to which
<PAGE> 33
33
the Buyer is a party or by which any of them, or any of their assets, are bound
or encumbered, other than, in the case of clauses (i), (ii) or (iv), any
consent, approval, filing or notice that would not, if not given or made, or
any violation, conflict, breach, termination, default or acceleration which
would not (x) have a Material Adverse Effect, (y) impair in any material
respect the ability of the Buyer to perform its obligations under this
Agreement or (z) prevent or materially delay the consummation of the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
(d) Validity of the Buyer Common Stock. The Buyer Common
Stock to be delivered in consideration for Company Common Stock, when issued
and delivered in accordance with the terms hereof, will be duly authorized and
validly issued in compliance with state and federal securities laws, free and
clear of any liens, encumbrances or claims of other persons (other than liens,
encumbrances or claims resulting from acts of the Company or any Stockholder),
and will be fully paid and nonassessable with no personal liability attached to
the ownership thereof and will not be subject to any preemptive rights under
the New York Business Corporation Law.
(e) The Buyer's SEC Reports. The Buyer has timely filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") all reports, registration
statements and other documents, together with any amendments thereto, required
to be filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the
"Exchange Act") (all such reports, registration statements and documents filed
<PAGE> 34
34
with the SEC since October 31, 1996 are collectively referred to as the
"Buyer's SEC Reports"). As of their respective dates, the Buyer's SEC Reports
complied in all material respects with all rules and regulations promulgated by
the SEC and did not (at the time they were filed (or if amended or superseded
by a filing prior to the date of this Agreement, then on the date of such
filing)) contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a
material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the
statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made,
not misleading.
(f) Financial Statements. The consolidated financial
statements of the Buyer included in the Buyer's SEC Reports (collectively the
"Buyer Financial Statements") present fairly, in all material respects, the
consolidated financial position of the Buyer and its Subsidiaries as of the
respective dates and the results of its operations for the periods covered in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (subject, in the case
of unaudited interim period financial statements, to the absence of footnotes
and to normal and recurring year-end adjustments which are not expected to be
material). Buyer has delivered to the Stockholders the Buyer Financial
Statements.
(g) Absence of Changes or Events. Since October 31, 1996,
(i) the business of the Buyer has been conducted in all material respects only
in the ordinary course and (ii) there has not been a Material Adverse Effect in
the Buyer and its Subsidiaries.
<PAGE> 35
35
(h) Brokers, Finders, etc. Buyer has not employed any
broker, finder, consultant or other intermediary who is or will be entitled to
any broker's or finder's fee or any other commission or similar fee from the
Buyer in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
ARTICLE IV: ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS
4.1 Internet Services and the Business. The Buyer may
continue to do conversions in its normal core business and software
localization on the Internet which are incidental to its other business
operations (the "Incidental Services") and, as further detailed in Schedule
4.1, such Incidental Services shall not constitute part of the Business (as
defined in Section 2.4(c)). Prior to January 1, 2000, except for Incidental
Services, without the consent of the Stockholders (which will not be
unreasonably withheld) Buyer will not provide Internet-related services except
to the extent that they are included in the Business for purposes of
determining Earn-Out Payments and Disposition Payments and are under the
direction and control of the management of the Business. The Buyer will
maintain books and records for the Business as a separate profit center
regardless of whether the Company is maintained as a separate legal entity
separate and apart from the Buyer or any of the Buyer's other Subsidiaries.
4.2 Intercompany Loan. The Buyer agrees to provide
investment capital of at least $2,000,000 to the Company by December 31, 1998,
plus a line of credit for working capital purposes in such amount as from time
to time, subject to sound
<PAGE> 36
36
business principles and appropriate justification, the management of the
Company may dictate. Any such financing will be evidenced by an intercompany
note and at such interest rate and on such terms as the Buyer shall determine;
provided, however, solely for purposes of determining the Earn-Out Payments
interest shall be computed as provided in Section 2.4.
4.3 S Termination Year. Notwithstanding the provisions of
Section 6.1, the transactions contemplated by this Agreement will cause the
Company to terminate its status as an S corporation for United States federal
income tax purposes, effective as of the date preceding the Closing (the
"Termination Date"). Pursuant to section 1362(e)(1) of the Code, the Company
shall have two short taxable years for the year that includes the Closing Date,
an S short year beginning January 1 of such year and ending on the Termination
Date and a C short year beginning on the Closing Date and ending on the next
succeeding close of the Buyer's consolidated return taxable year. The Buyer
and the Stockholders shall elect and shall consent, pursuant to section
1362(e)(3) of the Code, to allocate tax items to the S short year and the C
short year pursuant to normal tax accounting rules (the "closing of the books
method"). The allocation of such items shall be done on a basis consistent
with the Company's past accounting practice and in a manner reasonably
satisfactory to the Buyer and the Seller. The Stockholders covenant and agree
that they have duly included, or will duly include, in their own income tax
returns their allocable share of the Company's items of income, gain, loss,
deduction or credit attributable to the S
<PAGE> 37
37
short year and all prior periods as required by applicable law and shall pay
any and all Taxes required to be paid with respect to such items for such
taxable periods.
4.4 Tax Distributions. By the Closing, Buyer will, or shall
cause the Company to, make distributions to the Stockholders sufficient to
enable the Stockholders to pay federal, state and local taxes due with respect
to 1996 and the period beginning January 1, 1997 and ending on the Closing
Date, provided, however, to the extent such distributions are not sufficient to
enable the Stockholders to pay federal, state and local income taxes due with
respect to 1996 and the period beginning January 1, 1997 and ending on the
Closing Date, Buyer shall, or shall cause the Company to, make a payment to the
Stockholders by March 31, 1997 in an amount equal to such deficiency.
ARTICLE V: INDEMNIFICATION
5.1 Indemnification Against Loss Due to Inaccuracies in
Company's or Stockholders' Representations and Warranties, Etc. (a) The
Stockholders, jointly and severally, indemnify the Buyer and its Subsidiaries
and Affiliates (collectively, the "Buyer Indemnified Parties") against, and
agree to hold the Buyer Indemnified Parties harmless from, all losses, costs,
damages, liabilities, claims, demands, judgments, settlements and expenses of
any nature whatsoever, governmental or non-governmental (including, but not
limited to, reasonable fees and expenses of counsel and expenses of
investigation) (collectively, "Losses") incurred directly or indirectly because
or resulting from or
<PAGE> 38
38
arising out of the fact that any matter which is the subject of a
representation or warranty contained in Section 3.1 or 3.2 is not as
represented or warranted or the failure of the Company or any Stockholder to
fulfill in any respect any of its obligations under this Agreement which is
required to be fulfilled before or after the Closing Date.
(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 5.1(a), the
Buyer will not have a right to make a claim thereunder except for the amount by
which the aggregate of all claims made under Section 5.1(a) which have not
previously been reimbursed to Buyer and as to which Buyer would have been
entitled to receive reimbursement from the Stockholders in the absence of this
Section 5.1(b) exceeds $100,000 (the "Basket Amount"). However, the
limitations set forth in the preceding sentence shall not apply to any claim
for indemnification arising out of or in any manner incident, relating or
attributable to (i) any inaccuracy or incorrectness in any representation or
warranty contained in Sections 3.1(a), (b), (c) or (g) or Section 3.2, (ii) a
breach of a covenant by a Stockholder, or (iii) an inaccurate or incorrect
representation or warranty which, when made, was known by a Stockholder to have
been inaccurate or incorrect. Notwithstanding the provisions of Section
5.1(a), the total obligation of the Stockholders under Section 5.1(a) shall not
exceed the amount of the cash payments pursuant to Stockholders in payment for
their Company Common Stock and with respect to any Buyer Common Stock which has
been sold, the value of such stock on the date of this Agreement.
<PAGE> 39
39
(c) If Buyer, the Company or any of their Affiliates receives
a tax benefit as a result of a matter subject to an indemnification claim under
Section 5.1, Buyer shall apply such tax benefit as follows:
(i) Buyer shall pay Stockholders an amount equal to the
lesser of: (A) the amount of such tax benefit or (B)
amounts previously paid by Stockholders to Buyer pursuant
to Section 5.1(a);
(ii) To the extent such tax benefit exceeds the amount
paid to Buyer pursuant to subclause (i) above, the amount
of such excess shall be an additional Basket Amount; and
(iii) If any such tax benefit is later disallowed by the
taxing authority, then Stockholders shall promptly refund
to Buyer the amount of any payment to Stockholders
pursuant to subclause (i) above plus interest charged by
the taxing authority on such disallowed tax benefit and
any adjustment to the Basket Amount on account of such
tax benefit under subclause (ii) above shall be reversed
and eliminated and Stockholders shall promptly pay to
Buyer any payment which may be due as a result of the
elimination of such adjustment to the Basket Amount.
(d) If any indemnity payment is determined to be taxable
income by any taxing authority, then the Indemnifying Party shall indemnify the
Indemnified Party for any Taxes payable by such Indemnifying Party by reason of
the receipt of such indemnity payment (including any payments under this
Section 5.1(d)), determined at an assumed marginal tax rate equal to the
highest marginal tax rate then in effect for corporate or individual taxpayers,
as the case may be, in the relevant jurisdiction.
<PAGE> 40
40
5.2 Indemnification Against Loss Due to Inaccuracies in the
Buyer's Representations and Warranties, Etc. The Buyer indemnifies the
Stockholders and their Affiliates (the "Stockholder Indemnified Parties")
against, and agrees to hold the Stockholder Indemnified Parties harmless from,
all Losses incurred directly or indirectly because or resulting from or arising
out of the fact that any matter which is the subject of a representation or
warranty contained in Section 3.3 is not as represented or warranted or the
failure of the Buyer to fulfill in any respect any of its obligations under
this Agreement which is required to be fulfilled before or after the Closing
Date.
5.3 Limit on Claims. Any claim for indemnification under
Section 5.1 (other than with respect to the representation contained in Section
3.1(g)) or 5.2 or otherwise under this Agreement must be made by notice as
provided herein not later than March 7, 2000; provided that any claim for
indemnification under Section 5.1 with respect to the representation contained
in Section 3.1(g) must be made within 90 days after the expiration of the
statute of limitations (including extensions thereof) applicable to such Taxes.
Any indemnity obligation of the Stockholders pursuant to Section 5.1 or
otherwise under this Agreement must be satisfied by way of a deduction to any
deferred deliveries or payments due under Section 2.2 or 2.4.
5.4 Procedure. Except as provided in Section 6.8 with
respect to a Tax Claim (as defined below), if any claim or demand by any person
is made against a the Buyer Indemnified Party or a Stockholder Indemnified
Party (collectively, an "Indemnified
<PAGE> 41
41
Party"), and if such Indemnified Party intends to seek indemnity with respect
thereto under this Article V, such Indemnified Party shall promptly notify the
indemnifying party in writing of such claim or demand, provided that the
failure to so notify the indemnifying party shall not relieve the indemnifying
party from any liability which it may have hereunder unless it is actually
prejudiced thereby. The indemnifying party shall have 30 days after receipt of
such notice to undertake, conduct and control, through counsel of its own
choosing and at its own expense, the settlement or defense thereof, and the
Indemnified Party shall cooperate with the indemnifying party in connection
therewith; provided that the Indemnified Party may participate at its own
expense in such settlement or defense through counsel chosen by such
Indemnified Party. The Indemnified Party shall have the right to pay or settle
any such claim; provided that in such event it shall waive any right to
indemnity therefor by the indemnifying party. If the indemnifying party does
not notify the Indemnified Party within 30 days after the receipt of the
Indemnified Party's notice of a claim of indemnity hereunder that it elects to
undertake the defense thereof, the Indemnified Party shall have the right to
contest, settle or compromise the claim in its sole discretion and shall not
thereby waive any right to indemnity therefor pursuant to this Agreement. The
indemnifying party shall not, except with the consent of the Indemnified Party,
enter into any settlement that does not include as an unconditional term
thereof the giving by the person or persons asserting such claim to all
Indemnified Parties an unconditional
<PAGE> 42
42
release from all liability with respect to such claim or consent to entry of
any judgment. Notwithstanding the foregoing, following the Closing, the Buyer
will afford to the Stockholder Indemnified Parties and their counsel,
accountants and other authorized representatives reasonable access during
normal business hours to the properties, books and records of the Buyer (and
permit the Stockholder Indemnified Parties and their counsel, accountants and
other authorized representatives to make copies of such books and records at
their own expense), to the extent that such access may be reasonably required
to facilitate the investigation, litigation and final disposition of any claim
which may have been or may be made against any Stockholder Indemnified Party
relating to the Company or any of the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement. The Stockholder Indemnified Parties shall keep, and shall cause its
agents, attorneys, employees and representatives to keep, confidential all
information obtained by any of them with respect to the Buyer.
5.5 Payment. On each occasion that an Indemnified Party
shall be entitled to indemnification or reimbursement under this Article V, the
indemnifying party shall, at each such time, promptly pay the amount of such
indemnification or reimbursement. If the Indemnified Party shall be entitled
to indemnification under this Article V and the indemnifying party shall not
elect to control any legal proceeding in connection therewith, the indemnifying
party shall pay upon request from time to time to the Indemnified Party an
amount equal to the Indemnified Party's
<PAGE> 43
43
costs and expenses arising as a result of such proceeding which have not been
previously reimbursed.
ARTICLE VI: TAX MATTERS
6.1 Taxable Year of Company. Except as provided in Section
4.3, the Stockholders and the Buyer shall, to the extent permitted by
applicable law, elect with the relevant taxing authority to close the taxable
period of Company at the end of the day on the Closing Date. In any case where
applicable law does not permit the Company to close its taxable year on the
Closing Date, then Taxes attributable to the taxable period of the Company
beginning on or before and ending after the Closing Date (including without
limitation any Taxes resulting from a Tax audit or administrative or court
proceeding) shall be apportioned to the period ending on the Closing Date and
to the period beginning on the day after the Closing Date by means of a closing
of the books and records of the Company as of the close of business on the
Closing Date and, to the extent not susceptible to such allocation, by
apportionment on the basis of elapsed days unless such Tax is transaction based
(such as sales, transfer and other similar Taxes) in which case such Tax shall
be apportioned to the period in which the related transaction occurred/occurs.
6.2 Section 338(h)(10) Election. (a) At the Buyer's
election, Buyer shall prepare and join the Stockholders in making a joint
election under Section 338(h)(10) of the Code and regulations promulgated
thereunder (and any comparable election under state or local tax law). The
Stockholders and the Buyer shall report the transaction consistent with such
elections
<PAGE> 44
44
under Section 338(h)(10) of the Code or any similar state or local tax
provision (the "Elections") and agree not to take any action that could cause
such Elections to be invalid, and shall take no position contrary thereto
unless required to do so pursuant to a determination (as defined in Section
1313(a) of the Code) or any similar state or local tax provision.
(b) The Buyer shall prepare any and all forms necessary to
effectuate the Elections (including, without limitation, Internal Revenue
Service Form 8023 and any similar forms under applicable state and local income
tax laws (the "Section 338 Forms")) and, to the extent possible, the
Stockholders and the Buyer shall execute as of the Closing Date, the Section
338 Forms. In the event, however, any Section 338 Forms are not executed by
the Closing Date, the Stockholders and the Buyer shall complete each such
Section 338 Form no later than 15 days prior to the date such Section 338 Form
is required to be filed. Each of the Stockholders shall execute the Section
338 Forms and the Buyer shall cause the Section 338 Forms to be duly executed
by than authorized person for the Buyer and shall duly and timely file the
Section 338 Forms in accordance with applicable tax laws and the terms of this
Agreement.
6.3 Section 338 Allocation. As soon as practicable after the
Closing Date, the Stockholders and the Buyer shall agree on the fair market
value of the assets of the Company and the allocation of the deemed sales price
of the assets of Company resulting from the Elections (as required pursuant to
Section 338(h)(10) of the Code and regulations promulgated thereunder)
<PAGE> 45
45
among such assets (the "Section 338 Allocation"). If the Stockholders and the
Buyer are unable to agree on the Section 338 Allocation within 30 days after
the Closing, they shall request a nationally recognized accounting firm to
prepare the Section 338 Allocation. The Stockholders and the Buyer shall file
all Tax Returns consistently with the Section 338 Allocation.
6.4 Filing Returns. (a) Buyer shall cause the Company to
prepare and timely file with the appropriate authorities all Tax Returns
required to be filed for Tax periods ending after the Closing Date.
(b) The Stockholders shall cause the Company to prepare
and timely file with the appropriate authorities all Tax Returns required to be
filed for Tax periods ending on or before the Closing Date, including Tax
Returns for any Tax period ending on the Closing Date (referred to as "1997
Short Year Returns").
6.5 Refunds or Credits. Any refunds or credits of Taxes of
the Company relating to any Tax period ending on or before the Closing Date
shall be for the account of the Stockholders, and if received by the Company or
Buyer, shall be promptly forwarded to the Stockholders. Any refunds or credits
of Taxes of the Company for any Tax period beginning after the Closing Date
shall be for the account of Buyer and the Company. Any refunds or credits of
Taxes of the Company for any Tax period that includes (but does not end on) the
Closing Date (a "Straddle Period") shall be equitably apportioned between the
Stockholders and Buyer.
<PAGE> 46
46
6.6 Indemnification of Tax Costs of Section 338(h)(10)
Election. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, Buyer
agrees to indemnify the Stockholders for (i) any Taxes and interest payable to
a taxing authority (including Taxes on amounts paid pursuant to this Section
6.7) incurred by the Stockholders that arise directly or indirectly from the
sale of the Stockholders' stock in the Company accompanied by the Section
338(h)(10) election, and that would not have been incurred upon a sale of the
Stockholders' stock in the Company but for the making of that election, with
such indemnification obligation based on the difference between (A) the tax
liability of the Stockholders and the Company with respect to the sale of the
Stockholders' stock in the Company pursuant to a Section 338(h)(10) election
and (B) the deemed Tax liability of the Stockholders with respect to a deemed
sale of the Stockholders' stock in the Company unaccompanied by a Section
338(h)(10) election, and (ii) reasonable attorneys' fees and other costs
incurred by the Stockholders in any subsequent action or claim successfully
enforcing this indemnification obligation, and that arise after the Closing
Date and that relate to the determination of the amount or timing of Taxes
resulting from the Section 338(h)(10) election. On or before April 30, the
Stockholders shall propose the amount of the initial indemnification. If Buyer
does not approve the proposed amount, Buyer must notify the Stockholders of the
disagreement within 10 days of the notification of the proposed amount, and the
parties shall promptly negotiate in good faith to reconcile the differences.
Without limiting the
<PAGE> 47
47
indemnity agreed to in this Section, the Stockholders shall have no obligation
to join in, and Buyer shall not file a Section 338(h)(10) election, unless
prior to the time for filing the Company or Buyer has paid to the Stockholders
the initial indemnification amount. In the event of any subsequent adjustment
of the Taxes incurred by the Stockholders or by the Company for the account of
the Stockholders, that arise directly or indirectly from the making of the
Section 338(h)(10) election, the amount of Buyer's indemnity obligation will be
recomputed and appropriate payments made between the Stockholders and Buyer as
appropriate.
6.7 Procedures Relating to Indemnification of Tax Claims.
(a) Notice of a Tax Claim. Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 5.4, if
a claim shall be made by any taxing authority, which if successful might result
in an indemnity payment pursuant to Section 6.7, the party receiving notice of
such claim shall promptly notify the other party in writing of such claim (a
"Tax Claim").
(b) Conduct of Proceedings. With respect to any Tax
Claim that might result in an indemnity payment to the Stockholders pursuant to
Section 6.7, Buyer shall control, and bear the costs of, all proceedings
occurring in connection with such Tax Claim. The contest of any Tax Claim that
relates to Taxes of the Company solely for a Straddle Period that could give
rise to a payment to the Buyer pursuant to Section 5.1 shall be controlled
jointly by the Stockholders and Buyer. The Stockholders shall not settle any
Tax Claim that might result in
<PAGE> 48
48
any indemnity payment to the Stockholders pursuant to Section 6.7 without
Buyer's prior written consent. Neither party shall settle a Tax Claim relating
to Taxes of the Company solely for a Straddle Period that could give rise to a
payment to the Buyer pursuant to Section 5.1 without the other party's prior
written consent.
ARTICLE VII: MISCELLANEOUS
7.1 Survival of Representations, Warranties and Agreements.
All covenants and agreements made by the parties in this Agreement not fully
performed as of the Closing Date shall survive the Closing Date until fully
performed. The respective representations and warranties of the Company, the
Stockholders and the Buyer contained in Article III shall survive the
consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement until March 7,
2000 (except that the representations and warranties relating to Taxes made in
Section 3.1(g) shall survive until 90 days after the expiration of the statute
of limitations (including any extensions thereof) applicable to such Taxes) and
shall be binding notwithstanding any due diligence investigation by the Buyer.
7.2 Fees and Expenses. Whether or not the transactions
contemplated hereby are consummated, each of the parties hereto shall pay its
own fees and expenses incident to the negotiation, preparation and execution of
this Agreement, including attorneys', accountants' and other advisors' fees and
the fees and expenses of any broker, finder or agent retained by such party in
connection with the transactions contemplated by
<PAGE> 49
49
the Agreement, except that Buyer will pay the aggregate attorneys' fees of the
Company and the Stockholders, up to a maximum of $15,000.
7.3 Transfer Taxes. Any transfer tax shall be borne by the
Buyer.
7.4 Notices. All notices, requests, demands, waivers and
other communications required or permitted to be given under this Agreement
shall be in writing delivered by hand, facsimile or registered letter with
return receipt requested and shall be deemed to have been duly given or made
when delivered by hand, or, in the case of facsimile note or registered letter,
when received by the addressee, addressed as follows:
(a) if to the Company or the Stockholders, to it at:
319 Henley
Birmingham, Michigan 48009
Attention: Rosamaria Caballero
Telephone: (810) 642-0790
Telecopy: (810) 642-0594
with a copy to:
Pepper, Hamilton & Scheetz
100 Renaissance Center, Suite 3600
Detroit, Michigan 48243-1157
Attention: Michael Staebler
Telephone: (313) 393-7394
Telecopy: (313) 259-7926
(b) if to the Buyer, to it at:
Bowne & Co., Inc.
345 Hudson Street
New York, New York 10014
Attention: Douglas F. Bauer, Secretary
Telephone: (212) 924-5500
Telecopy: (212) 229-3400
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50
with a copy to:
Simpson Thacher & Bartlett
425 Lexington Avenue
New York, New York 10017
Attention: Vincent Pagano, Jr., Esq.
Telephone: (212) 455-2000
Telecopy: (212) 455-2502
or to such other persons or addresses as any party shall specify as to itself
by notice in writing to the other parties.
7.5 Entire Agreement. This Agreement (including the
Schedules hereto) and the other agreements and documents referred to herein
constitute the entire agreement between the parties hereto and supersedes all
prior agreements and understandings, oral and written, between the parties
hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof.
7.6 Binding Effect; Benefit. This Agreement shall inure to
the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto and their respective
successors and assigns. Nothing in this Agreement, expressed or implied, is
intended to confer on any person other than the parties hereto or their
respective successors and assigns, any rights, remedies, obligations or
liabilities under or by reason of this Agreement.
7.7 Assignability. This Agreement shall not be assigned by
either of the parties hereto without the prior written consent of the other
party; provided, however, that the Buyer may, without the prior written consent
of the Company, assign all of its rights hereunder to any direct or indirect
wholly owned subsidiary of the Buyer provided that no such assignment shall
relieve the assigning party of its obligations hereunder.
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51
7.8 Amendment and Modification; Waiver. Subject to
applicable law, this Agreement may be amended, modified and supplemented by a
written instrument authorized and executed by or on behalf of the parties at
any time prior to the Closing Date with respect to any of the terms contained
herein. After the Closing Date, this Agreement may be amended, modified and
supplemented by a written instrument authorized and executed by or on behalf of
the Buyer and the Stockholders. No waiver by any party of any of the
provisions hereof shall be effective unless explicitly set forth in writing and
executed by or on behalf of the party so waiving. Except as provided in the
preceding sentence, no action taken pursuant to this Agreement, including
without limitation, any investigation by or on behalf of any party, shall be
deemed to constitute a waiver by the party taking such action or compliance
with any representations, warranties, covenants, or agreements contained
herein, and in any documents delivered or to be delivered pursuant to this
Agreement and in connection with the Closing hereunder. The waiver by any
party hereto of a breach of any provision of this Agreement shall not operate
or be construed as a waiver of any other or subsequent breach.
7.9 Public Announcements. Unless otherwise required by law
or any regulation or rule of any stock exchange binding upon the Company or the
Buyer, prior to the Closing no news release or other public announcement
pertaining to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement will be made by
or on behalf of any parties hereto without the prior written approval
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52
of the other party (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed).
Where any announcement, communication or circular concerning the transactions
referred to in this Agreement is required by law or any regulation or rule of
any stock exchange it shall be made by the relevant party after consultation,
where reasonably practicable, with the other parties and taking into account
the reasonable requirements (as to timing, contents and manner of making or
despatch of the announcement, communication or circular) of the other parties.
7.10 Section Headings. The section headings contained in this
Agreement are inserted for reference purposes only and shall not affect the
meaning or interpretation of this Agreement.
7.11 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any
number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, and
all of which together shall be deemed to be one and the same instrument.
7.12 Applicable Law. This Agreement and the legal relations
between the parties hereto shall be governed by and construed in accordance
with the laws of the State of New York without regard to conflicts of laws
principles thereof.
7.13 Schedules. Any matter that is disclosed in a Schedule
hereto in such a way as to make its relevance to the information called for by
another Schedule hereto readily apparent shall be deemed to have been included
in such other Schedule, notwithstanding the omission of an appropriate cross
reference thereto.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this
Agreement as of the date first above written.
BOWNE & CO. INC.
By: /s/ Robert M. Johnson
----------------------------
Name: Robert M. Johnson
Title: Chairman and CEO
PETER JAY STAFFORD
/s/ Peter Jay Stafford
--------------------------------
ROSAMARIA CABALLERO STAFFORD
/s/ Rosamaria Caballero Stafford
--------------------------------
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 5.1
[Letterhead of Simpson Thacher & Bartlett]
April 25, 1997
Bowne & Co., Inc.
345 Hudson Street
New York, New York 10014
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as your counsel in connection with the Registration
Statement on Form S-3 (the "Registration Statement") of Bowne & Co., Inc., a New
York corporation (the "Company"), which the Company intends to file with the
Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended
(the "Act"), relating to, among other things, 30,000 shares of the Company's
common stock, par value of $.01 per share (the "Shares"), issued or to be
issued pursuant to a Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of March 7, 1997 among
the Company, Peter Jay Stafford and Rosamaria Caballero Stafford.
We have examined a copy of the Registration Statement (including the
exhibits thereto) and originals or copies, certified or otherwise identified to
our satisfaction, of such corporate records, documents or other instruments of
the Company and have made such other and further investigations as we deemed
necessary to enable us to express the opinions hereinafter set forth.
In such examination, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures,
the legal capacity of natural persons, the authenticity of all documents
submitted to us as originals, the conformity to original documents of all
documents submitted to us as photostatic copies, and the authenticity of the
originals of such letter documents.
Based upon the foregoing, and subject to the qualifications and
limitations stated herein, we are of the opinion that the Shares have been duly
authorized by the Company and are validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.
We are members of the Bar of the State of New York, and we do not
express any opinion herein concerning any law other than the law of the State of
New York and the federal law of the United States of America.
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the
Registration Statement.
Very truly yours,
SIMPSON THACHER & BARTLETT
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
We consent to the reference to our firm under the Caption "Experts"
in the Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333- ________) and related
Prospectus of Bowne and Co., Inc. for the registration of 30,000 shares of its
common stock and to the incorporation by reference therein of our report dated
December 10, 1996, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of
Bowne & Co., Inc. included in its Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended
October 31, 1996, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
ERNST & YOUNG LLP
New York, New York
April 25, 1997
