CIT GROUP HOLDINGS INC /DE/
424B3, 1994-03-15
SHORT-TERM BUSINESS CREDIT INSTITUTIONS
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                       SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
                                WASHINGTON, D.C.
                                     20549
                                    FORM T-1
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   STATEMENT OF ELIGIBILITY AND QUALIFICATION
                    UNDER THE TRUST INDENTURE ACT OF 1939 OF
                   A CORPORATION DESIGNATED TO ACT AS TRUSTEE
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             SOCIETY NATIONAL BANK
                             ---------------------
              (Exact name of Trustee as specified in its charter)

National Banking Association                34-0797057
- ----------------------------------          -----------------------------------
(State of Incorporation                     (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
if not a National Bank)

127 Public Square, Cleveland, Ohio          44114
- ----------------------------------          ------------------------------------
(Address of principal executive             (Zip Code)
 offices)

                          THE CIT GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              (Exact Name of Obligor as specified in its charter)

Delaware                                          13-2994534
- ---------------------------------------     ------------------------------------
(State or other jurisdiction of             (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
incorporation or organization)

1211 Avenue of the Americas
New York, New York                                10036
- ---------------------------------------      -----------------------------------
(Address of principal executive offices)    (Zip Code)

                                Debt Securities
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      (Title of the Indenture Securities)




<PAGE>

Item 1.       General Information
- -------       -------------------

              Furnish the following information as to the trustee-

              (a)   Name and address of each examining or supervising  authority
                    to which it is subject.

                    Comptroller  of  the  Currency,   Washington,  D.C.  Federal
                    Deposit Insurance Corporation, Washington, D.C.

              (b)   Whether it is authorized to exercise corporate trust powers

                    Yes.

Item 2.       Affiliations with Obligor and Underwriters
- -------       ------------------------------------------

              If the  obligor is an  affiliate  of the  trustee,  describe  such
              affiliation.

              The obligor is not an affiliate of the trustee.

No responses are included for Items 3-15 of this Form T-1 because the Obligor is
not in default as provided under Item 13.

Item 16.      List of Exhibits
- --------      ----------------

              List  below  all  exhibits  filed as a part of this  statement  of
              eligibility and qualification.

              1. Exhibit T1A(a)    A copy of the Amended Articles of Association
                                   of Society National Bank as now in effect.

              2. Exhibit T1A(b)    Certificate   of  Authority   of  Trustee  to
                                   Commence Business.

              3. Exhibit T1A(c)    Authorization  of  the  Trustee  to  exercise
                                   Corporate Trust Powers.

              4. Exhibit T1B       A copy of By-Laws of Society National Bank as
                                   now in effect.

              5. Exhibit T1C       A  copy of each Indenture referred to in Item
                                   4.  Not Applicable.
                                       ---------------

              6. Exhibit T1D       The Trustee's  consent  required  by  Section
                                   321(b) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939.



                                       2
<PAGE>

              7. Exhibit T1E       A  copy of the latest  report of condition of
                                   the  Trustee published pursuant to law or the
                                   requirements of its  supervising or examining
                                   authority.

              8. Exhibit  T1F      A copy  of any  order  pursuant to  which the
                                   foreign trustee is  authorized to act as sole
                                   trustee  under indentures  qualified or to be
                                   qualified  under the Act. Not Applicable.
                                                             ---------------

              9. Exhibit  T1G      Foreign  trustees  are required  to furnish a
                                   consent to service of process (see Rule 10a-4
                                   under the Act). Not Applicable.
                                                   ---------------



                                       3
<PAGE>

                                   SIGNATURE
                                   ---------

    Pursuant  to the  requirements  of the  Trust  Indenture  Act of  1939,  the
Trustee,  Society  National Bank, a national banking  association  organized and
existing  under the laws of the United  States of America,  has duly caused this
statement  of  eligibility  to be  signed  on its  behalf  by  the  undersigned,
thereunto duly  authorized,  all in the City of Cleveland,  and State of Ohio on
the 15th day of March, 1994.

                                         SOCIETY NATIONAL BANK



                                         By:      C.M. Nagy
                                           ---------------------------------
                                                  C.M. Nagy

                                         Its:   Vice President

[Corporate Seal]

ATTEST:


By:        D. Kovach
     --------------------------------
           D. Kovach
Its:  Assistant Secretary




                                       4
<PAGE>
                                                                     EXHIBIT T1A

                                   EXHIBIT A

                             SOCIETY NATIONAL BANK

                                    AMENDED
                            ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION


         First.  The title of this Association shall be Society National Bank.

         Second.  The main  office of this  Association  shall be in  Cleveland,
Ohio,  County of Cuyahoga.  The general  business of this  Association  shall be
conducted at its main office and its branches.

         Third. The Board of Directors of this Association  shall consist of not
less than five nor more than twenty-five  members, the exact number of Directors
within such minimum and maximum limits to be fixed and  determined  from time to
time by resolution of a majority of the full Board of Directors or by resolution
of the shareholders at any annual or special meeting thereof. In accordance with
12  U.S.C.  Section  72,  each  director,  during  the  full  term of his or her
directorship,  shall own in his or her own right either  shares of capital stock
of the  Association  the aggregate par value of which is not less than $1,000 or
an equivalent interest, as determined by the Comptroller of the Currency, in any
company which has control over the  Association  within the meaning of 12 U.S.C.
Section 1841.  Unless otherwise  provided by the laws of the United States,  any
vacancy in the Board of Directors  for any reason,  including an increase in the
number thereof, may be filled by action of the Board of Directors.

         Fourth.  The annual  meeting of the  shareholders  for the  election of
Directors and the  transaction  of whatever other business may be brought before
said  meeting  shall be held at the main office or such other place as the Board
of Directors may designate,  on the day of each year  specified  therefor in the
Bylaws, but if no election is held on that day, it may be held on any subsequent
day  according  to the  provisions  of law,  and  all  elections  shall  be held
according  to such  lawful  regulations  as may be  prescribed  by the  Board of
Directors.

         Fifth. The amount of authorized capital stock of this Association shall
be Two Hundred and Six Million  Eight  Hundred and  Sixty-Two  Thousand and Five
Hundred Dollars  ($206,862,500) divided into 2,068,625 shares of common stock of
the par value of One Hundred Dollars ($100) per share but said capital stock may
be increased or decreased  from time to time, in accordance  with the provisions
of the laws of the United States.

         No holder of shares of capital  stock of any class of this  Association
shall have any pre-emptive or  preferential  right of subscription to any shares
of any class of stock of this Association,  whether now or hereafter authorized,
or to any  obligations  convertible  into stock of this  Association,  issued or
sold, nor any right of  subscription  to any thereof other than such, if any, as


                                       5
<PAGE>


the Board of Directors,  in its discretion,  may from time to time determine and
at such price as the Board of Directors may from time to time fix.

         This Association,  at any time and from time to time, may authorize and
issue debt  obligations,  whether or not  Subordinated,  without the approval of
shareholders.

         Sixth.  The  Board  of  Directors  shall  appoint  one of  its  members
President of this  Association,  who shall be Chairman of the Board,  unless the
Board appoints another Director to be the Chairman. The Board of Directors shall
have the power to appoint one or more Vice  Presidents  and to appoint a Cashier
and such other  officers  and  employees  as may be  required  to  transact  the
business of this Association.

         The Board of Directors shall have the power to define the duties of the
officers and  employees of this  Association;  to fix the salaries to be paid to
them;  to  dismiss  them;  to  require  bonds  from them and to fix the  penalty
thereof;  to  regulate  the manner in which any  increase of the capital of this
Association  shall be made; to manage and administer the business and affairs of
this Association; to make all Bylaws that it may be lawful for them to make; and
generally  to do and  perform  all  acts  that it may be  legal  for a Board  of
Directors to do and perform.

         Seventh.  The Board of  Directors  shall  have the power to change  the
location of the main office to any other place  within the limits of  Cleveland,
Ohio,  without the approval of the  shareholders  but subject to the approval of
the Comptroller of the Currency, and shall have the power to establish or change
the location of any branch or branches of the Association to any other location,
without the  approval  of the  shareholders  but subject to the  approval of the
Comptroller of the Currency.

         Eighth.  The corporate  existence of this  Association  shall  continue
until terminated in accordance with the laws of the United States.

         Ninth. The Board of Directors of this Association,  or any shareholders
owning,  in the  aggregate,  not less than 10 percent (10%) of the stock of this
Association,  may call a special  meeting of  shareholders  at any time.  Unless
otherwise  provided by the laws of the United States,  a notice of time,  place,
and purpose of every  annual and special  meeting of the  shareholders  shall be
given by first-class  mail,  postage prepaid,  mailed at least ten days prior to
the date of such meeting to each  shareholder  of record at his address as shown
upon  the  books  of this  Association,  except  as to any  shareholder  who has
specifically waived notice of such meeting.

         Tenth.  (a)  This  Association  shall  indemnify,  to the  full  extent
permitted or authorized by the Ohio General  Corporation Law as it may from time
to time be  amended,  any person  made or  threatened  to be made a party to any
threatened,  pending or completed  action,  suit or  proceeding,  whether civil,
criminal,  administrative, or investigative, by reason of the fact that he is or
was a director,  officer, or employee of this Association,  or is or was serving
at the request of this Association as a director,  trustee, officer, or employee
of another association, corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other


                                       6
<PAGE>

enterprise;  in the case of a person serving at the request of this Association,
such request  shall be evidenced by a resolution  of the Board of Directors or a
duly-authorized committee thereof or by a writing executed by an officer of this
Association   pursuant  to  a  resolution   of  the  Board  of  Directors  or  a
duly-authorized committee thereof. In the case of a merger into this Association
of a constituent  association  which,  if its separate  existence had continued,
would have been  required to  indemnify  directors,  officers,  or  employees in
specified  situations prior to the merger,  any person who served as a director,
officer, or employee of the constituent association, or served at the request of
the  constituent  association as a director,  trustee,  officer,  or employee of
another association,  corporation,  partnership,  joint venture, trust, or other
enterprise,  shall be entitled to  indemnification  by this  Association (as the
surviving association) for acts, omissions, or other events or occurrences prior
to the merger to the same extent he would have been entitled to  indemnification
by the  constituent  association if its separate  existence had  continued.  The
indemnification  provided  by this TENTH  shall not be deemed  exclusive  of any
other rights to which any person seeking  indemnification may be entitled by law
or under these Articles or the Bylaws, or any agreement, vote of shareholders or
disinterested  directors,  or  otherwise,  both  as to  action  in his  official
capacity and as to action in another  capacity  while  holding such office,  and
shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, trustee, officer,
or  employee  and  shall  inure to the  benefit  of the  heirs,  executors,  and
administrators of such a person.

         (b) Notwithstanding  division (a) of this TENTH, no director,  officer,
or employee of this Association shall be indemnified against expenses, including
attorneys'  fees,  penalties  or other  payments  incurred in an  administrative
proceeding  or action  instituted  by the  Comptroller  of the Currency or other
appropriate  bank regulatory  agency when such proceeding or action results in a
final order assessing civil money penalties  against,  or requiring  affirmative
action of, such director,  officer,  or employee in the form of payments to this
Association.

         (c) This  Association  may purchase  and maintain  insurance or furnish
similar protection, including but not limited to trust funds, letters of credit,
or  self-insurance  on behalf  of or for any  person  who is or was a  director,
officer,  employee,  or agent of this  Association,  or is or was serving at the
request of this Association as a director,  trustee, officer, employee, or agent
of another association, corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other
enterprise,  against any liability  asserted  against him and incurred by him in
any  capacity,  or  arising  out of his  status  as  such,  whether  or not this
Association  would have the power to indemnify him against  liability  under the
provisions  of this  TENTH or of the Ohio  General  Corporation  Law;  provided,
however, such insurance shall explicitly exclude insurance coverage for a formal
order assessing civil money penalties against a director,  officer,  or employee
of this  Association  as a result  of an  administrative  proceeding  or  action
instituted  by the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency  or  other  appropriate  bank
regulatory  agency.  Insurance may be purchased from or maintained with a person
in which this Association has a financial interest.

         (d)  Expenses  (including  attorney's  fees)  incurred by a director in
defending any action,  suit,  or proceeding  referred to in division (a) of this
TENTH commenced or threatened  against the director for any action or failure to
act as a director shall be paid by this  Association,  as they are incurred,  in


                                       7
<PAGE>

advance of final disposition of the action,  suit, or proceeding upon receipt of
an  undertaking  by or on behalf of the  director in which he agrees both (i) to
repay the amount if it is proved by clear and convincing  evidence in a court of
competent  jurisdiction  that his action or failure  to act  involved  an act or
omission  undertaken with deliberate  intent to cause injury to this Association
or undertaken with reckless disregard for the best interests of this Association
and (ii) to reasonably  cooperate with this  Association  concerning the action,
suit, or proceeding.  The  provisions of this  paragraph  shall not apply if the
only liability asserted against the director in such action, suit, or proceeding
is for (i) the  payment  of a  dividend  or  distribution,  or the  making  of a
distribution  of assets to  shareholders,  or the purchase or redemption of this
Association's own shares,  contrary in any such case to law or these Articles of
Association, or (ii) a distribution of assets to shareholders during the winding
up of the affairs of the Association,  on dissolution or otherwise,  without the
payment of all known obligations of the Association,  or without making adequate
provision therefor.

Expenses  (including  attorney's fees) incurred by a director (to the extent the
expenses are not required to be advanced  pursuant to the preceding  paragraph),
officer, or employee in defending any action, suit, or proceeding referred to in
division  (a) of  this  TENTH  may be  paid by  this  Association,  as they  are
incurred, in advance of final disposition of the action, suit, or proceeding, as
authorized  by the Board of Directors in the specific  case,  upon receipt of an
undertaking by or on behalf of the director,  officer,  or employee to repay the
amount if it is ultimately  determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified
by this Association.

         (e)  Notwithstanding  division (d) of this TENTH,  expenses,  including
attorneys' fees, incurred by a present or former director,  officer, or employee
of  this  Association  in  defending  an  administrative  proceeding  or  action
instituted  by the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency  or  other  appropriate  bank
regulatory  agency that seeks a final order  assessing  civil money penalties or
requiring  affirmative  action by an  individual or  individuals  in the form of
payments  to this  Association,  may be paid by  this  Association  as they  are
incurred in advance of the final disposition of the action, suit, or proceeding,
only in the event that:

         (i)  the  Board  of  Directors  of this  Association,  in  good  faith,
              determines  in writing that all of the  following  conditions  are
              met:

              (A)  the  director,   officer,   or  employee  has  a  substantial
                   likelihood of prevailing on the merits;

              (B)  in the event the  director,  officer,  or  employee  does not
                   prevail,  he will have the financial  capability to reimburse
                   this Association;

              (C)  all applicable  laws and  regulations  affecting loans to the
                   director,  officer,  or employee will be complied with in the
                   event reimbursement is required;

              (D)  payment of expenses by this  Association  will not  adversely
                   affect this Association's safety and soundness; and


                                       8
<PAGE>

         (ii) the director,  officer,  or employee enters into an agreement with
              this Association to repay such amount if:

              (A)  such  administrative  proceeding or action  instituted by the
                   Comptroller  of  the  Currency  or  other   appropriate  bank
                   regulatory  agency results in a final order  assessing  civil
                   money penalties against, or requiring  affirmative action of,
                   such director,  officer,  or employee in the form of payments
                   to this Association; or

              (B)  the Board of  Directors  of this  Association  finds that the
                   director,   officer,  or  employee  willfully  misrepresented
                   factors relevant to the Board of Directors'  determination of
                   conditions (A) or (B) set forth in (i), above.

              If at any time the Board of Directors of this Association believes
              that any of the  conditions  set  forth in (i) above are no longer
              met, such expenses will no longer be paid by this Association.

         (f) Notwithstanding divisions (a) through (e) of this TENTH, all of the
provisions  of this  TENTH are  subject  to the  authority  of the Office of the
Comptroller   of  the   Currency  to  direct  a   modification   of  a  specific
indemnification by a national bank through appropriate administrative action.

         Eleventh.  These Articles of Association  may be amended at any regular
or special meeting of the shareholders by the affirmative vote of the holders of
a majority of the stock of this Association, unless the vote of the holders of a
greater  amount of stock is required by law, and in that case by the vote of the
holders of such greater amount.



                                       9
<PAGE>
                                                                     EXHIBIT T1B

         The following  Bylaws were adopted by the Board of Directors of Society
National Bank on July l6, l992.

                                   BYLAWS OF
                             SOCIETY NATIONAL BANK

                                   ARTICLE I
                            MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS


Section 1. Annual Meeting.  The annual meeting of shareholders  for the election
of Directors,  and the  transaction of whatever other business may properly come
before the meeting,  shall be held at the main office of the Bank, or such other
place  authorized by the Board of Directors or the Chairman of the Board, on the
Thursday  after the third  Wednesday in January of each year, or such other date
authorized  by the Board of Directors or the Chairman of the Board.  If, for any
cause, the election of Directors is not held on that day, the Board of Directors
shall order the election to be held on some  subsequent  day, as soon thereafter
as practicable,  according to the provisions of law, and notice thereof shall be
given in the manner herein provided for the annual meeting.

Section 2.  Special  Meetings.  Except as  otherwise  specifically  provided  by
statute,  special  meetings of the shareholders may be called for any purpose at
any time by the Chairman of the Board, the President, the Board of Directors, or
by any shareholder or shareholders  owning, in the aggregate,  not less than ten
per centum (10%) of the stock of the Bank.

Section 3. Notice of Meetings.  Unless otherwise  provided by law, these Bylaws,
or the  Articles of  Association,  a notice of the time,  place,  and purpose of
every annual  meeting and every  special  meeting of the  shareholders  shall be
given by first-class  mail,  postage prepaid,  mailed not less than ten days nor
more than sixty days prior to the date of such meeting,  to each  shareholder of
record at such  shareholder's  address as shown upon the books of the Bank.  The
attendance of any shareholder at a shareholder meeting without protesting, prior
to or at the  commencement of the meeting,  the lack of proper notice,  shall be
deemed a waiver by such shareholder of notice of such meeting.

Section 4. Proxies.  Shareholders may vote at any meeting of the shareholders by
proxies duly authorized in writing,  but no officer or employee of this Bank may
act as a proxy.  Proxies  shall be valid only for one  meeting,  to be specified
therein, and any adjournments of such meeting.  Proxies shall be dated and shall
be filed in the  Bank's  records.  The person  appointed  as proxy need not be a
shareholder.  Unless the writing  appointing  a proxy  otherwise  provides,  the
presence  at a meeting of the person who  appointed a proxy shall not operate to
revoke the  appointment.  Notice to the Bank, in writing or in open meeting,  of
the  revocation of the  appointment  of a proxy shall not affect any vote or act
previously taken or authorized by such proxy.

                                       10
<PAGE>

Section 5. Quorum;  Adjournment.  Except as may otherwise be provided by law, at
any  meeting  of the  shareholders,  the  holders  of shares  entitling  them to
exercise a  majority  of the  voting  power of the Bank  present in person or by
proxy shall  constitute a quorum for such meeting;  provided,  however,  that no
action  required by law to be authorized or taken by a designated  proportion of
the shares may be authorized or taken by a lesser proportion; provided, further,
that, if a quorum is not present, the holders of a majority of the voting shares
represented thereat may adjourn such meeting or any adjournment  thereof. If any
meeting is adjourned,  notice of such  adjournment need not be given if the time
and place to which such  meeting is  adjourned  are fixed and  announced at such
meeting.

Section 6. Voting Power;  Cumulative  Voting. In voting on issues at meetings of
shareholders,  except on the election of Directors,  each  shareholder  shall be
entitled  to one vote for each share of stock  held.  A  majority  of votes cast
shall decide each issue submitted to the shareholders at any meeting,  except in
cases where by law or by the Articles of  Association a larger vote is required.
In all elections of Directors, each shareholder shall have the right to vote the
number of shares  owned by such  shareholder  for as many  persons  as there are
Directors to be elected,  or to cumulate  such shares and give one  candidate as
many  votes  as the  number  of  Directors  multiplied  by the  number  of  such
shareholder's  shares shall equal,  or to distribute  them on the same principle
among as many candidates as such shareholder chooses.

Section 7. Record of Shareholders and Votes. At any meeting of the shareholders,
a record showing the names of  shareholders  present and the number of shares of
stock  held by each,  the  names of  shareholders  represented  by proxy and the
number of shares held by each, and the names of the proxies shall be made.  This
record  also  shall  show the  number  of  shares  voted on each  action  taken,
including  the  number  of  shares  voted  for each  candidate  for the Board of
Directors. This record shall be included in the minute book of the Bank.

                                   ARTICLE II
                               BOARD OF DIRECTORS


Section  1.  Authority.  The Board of  Directors  shall have power to manage and
administer the business and affairs of the Bank.  Except as expressly limited by
law,  all  corporate  powers of the Bank shall be vested in and  exercised by or
under the authority of the Board of Directors.

Section 2. Number.  The Board of Directors  shall  consist of not less than five
nor more than  twenty-five  members;  the exact  number  within such minimum and
maximum limits shall be fixed and determined  from time to time by resolution of
a majority of the full Board of Directors or by resolution  of the  shareholders
at any meeting thereof; provided,  however, that a majority of the full Board of
Directors  may not increase the number of Directors to a number which exceeds by
more than:  (i) two the number of  Directors  last fixed and  determined  by the
shareholders  where such number was fifteen or less,  or (ii) four the number of
Directors  last fixed and determined by the  shareholders  where such number was
sixteen or more.

                                       11
<PAGE>



Section 3. Election of Directors;  Vacancies.  The Directors shall be elected at
each  annual  meeting of  shareholders  or at a special  meeting  called for the
purpose of electing  Directors.  Any vacancy or vacancies occurring in the Board
of  Directors,  including  vacancies  created by an  increase  in the numbers of
Directors,  shall be filled by  appointment  by the  remaining  Directors at any
regular  or special  meeting of the Board,  and any  Director  or  Directors  so
appointed  shall hold office  until the next  election.  Each person  elected or
appointed a Director must take the oath of such office in the form prescribed by
the Comptroller of the Currency. No person elected or appointed a Director shall
exercise the  functions  of such office  until he has taken such oath.  The Bank
shall  transmit  evidence  of  such  oath or  oaths  to the  Comptroller  of the
Currency.

Section 4. Term of Office;  Resignations.  Directors shall hold office until the
next annual meeting of  shareholders  or until their  successors are elected and
have  qualified,  or until their earlier  resignation,  removal from office,  or
death. Any Director may resign at any time by oral statement to that effect made
at a meeting of the Board of Directors, or in a writing to that effect delivered
to the Secretary or an Assistant  Secretary of the Bank; such resignation  shall
take effect  immediately  or at such other time as the  Director  may specify at
such meeting or in such writing.  At a meeting of shareholders  called expressly
for that purpose,  any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed,
with or without cause, by a vote of the holders of a majority of the shares then
entitled to vote at an election of directors.  If permitted by law, the majority
of the Board of Directors may remove a director for cause.

Section 5. Organization  Meeting.  Following the annual meeting of shareholders,
the  Directors-elect  shall  hold an  organization  meeting  for the  purpose of
appointing  officers and  transacting  such other  business as properly may come
before the meeting.  Such  organization  meeting shall be held on the day of the
election or as soon thereafter as practicable  and, in any event,  within thirty
days thereof. Notice of such meeting need not be given if held on the day of the
election.

Section 6. Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be
held,  without notice,  on the Thursday after the third Wednesday of each month,
at the main office of the Bank or at such other times and places  authorized  by
the Board of Directors,  the Chairman of the Board, or in such person's absence,
a Vice Chairman of the Board. When any regular meeting of the Board falls upon a
holiday,  the meeting shall be held on the next banking  business day unless the
Board shall designate some other day.

Section 7. Special  Meetings.  Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be
called by the  Chairman  of the Board,  by the  President,  or at the request of
three or more Directors.  Notice of special meetings, stating the time and place
thereof,  and whether  telephone  or similar  communications  equipment  will be
utilized, shall be given in person or by mailing,  telephoning,  or telegraphing
such  notice at least 24 hours prior to the  meeting;  provided,  however,  that
attendance of any Director at such meeting  without  protesting,  prior to or at
the  commencement of the meeting,  the lack of proper notice,  shall be deemed a
waiver by such  Director of notice of such  meeting.  Notice of a meeting may be
waived in writing or by telegram  either  before or after such  meeting.  Unless
otherwise indicated in the notice of the meeting, any business may be transacted
at such meeting.

                                       12
<PAGE>

Section 8. Quorum; Adjournment. A quorum of the Board of Directors shall consist
of a majority of the Directors  then in office;  provided that a majority of the
Directors  then  present  at a meeting  duly  held,  whether  or not a quorum is
present,  may  adjourn  such  meeting  from  time to  time.  If any  meeting  is
adjourned, notice of such adjournment need not be given if the time and place to
which such meeting is adjourned are fixed and announced at such meeting. At each
meeting of the Board of Directors at which a quorum is present, all issues shall
be determined by a majority vote of those present except as otherwise  expressly
provided in these Bylaws or by law. A Director  cannot vote or otherwise  act by
proxy at a meeting of the Board of Directors.

                                  ARTICLE III
                                    OFFICERS


Section 1. Election and  Designation of Officers.  The Board of Directors  shall
elect or  appoint  a  Chairman  of the  Board,  a  President,  one or more  Vice
Presidents,  a  Secretary,  and  such  other  officers  as the  Board  may  deem
necessary.  The Chairman of the Board and the President  shall be members of the
Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may delegate the authority to appoint
and dismiss officers to officers of the Bank or to a committee  composed of such
officers. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person, but no officer
shall execute,  acknowledge,  or verify any instrument in more than one capacity
if the instrument is required to be executed,  acknowledged,  or verified by two
or more  officers.  The Board of Directors  shall  approve the  compensation  of
officers,  except that the Board of Directors may delegate to a committee of the
Board  of  Directors,  or to  officers  of the  Bank,  authority  for  approving
officers' compensation.

Section 2. Term of Office; Vacancies. The officers of the Bank shall hold office
until their  successors  are elected or appointed and  qualified,  except in the
case of resignation,  dismissal or removal from office,  or death.  The Board of
Directors may dismiss or remove any officer at any time,  with or without cause,
by a majority vote of the  Directors  then in office,  without  prejudice to the
contract rights of such officer;  an election or appointment of an officer shall
not of itself  create  any  contract  rights.  Any  vacancy in any office may be
filled in the manner  provided herein for the election or appointment of office.
The Board of Directors is not required to annually elect or appoint officers.

Section 3. Chairman of the Board. The Chairman of the Board shall preside at all
meetings of  shareholders  and the Board of  Directors.  He also shall serve the
Bank in such  capacity  and perform such other duties as may be assigned to him,
from  time to time,  by the Board of  Directors.  In the  absence  of, or at the
direction of, the Chairman of the Board,  the President,  or such other Director
designated  by the  Chairman  of the  Board,  shall  preside at a meeting of the
shareholders or the Board of Directors, as the case maybe.

Section 4. President. The President shall have general executive powers over the
management  and business of the Bank,  subject to the  direction of the Board of
Directors and the Chairman of the Board.

                                       13
<PAGE>

Section 5. Vice  Presidents.  Each Vice  President  shall  have such  powers and
duties as may be  assigned  to him by the  Board of  Directors  or as  otherwise
provided  for  herein;  the Board of  Directors  may  authorize  one of the Vice
Presidents to perform the duties of the President in the President's  absence or
if the President is unable to act.

Section 6. Secretary.  The Board of Directors shall appoint a Secretary or other
designated officer (who, in the absence of a Cashier,  shall have all the powers
and duties of a Cashier)  who shall be  Secretary  of the Board and of the Bank.
The Secretary shall give or provide for giving of all notices required by law or
these Bylaws to be given,  shall be custodian of the  corporate  seal,  records,
documents,  and papers of the Bank,  shall keep accurate minutes of all meetings
covered by these Bylaws,  and shall perform such other duties as may be assigned
from time to time by the Board of Directors.

Section 7. Other  Officers.  Other officers shall have such powers and duties as
may be assigned by the Board of Directors.

Section 8.  Delegation  of  Duties.  The Board of  Directors  is  authorized  to
delegate the  assignment of the duties of any officer,  to control the action of
the  officers,  and to require  the  performance  of duties in addition to those
mentioned herein, to any other officer.

                                   ARTICLE IV
                                   COMMITTEES


Section 1. Executive Committee.  The Board of Directors may appoint an Executive
Committee which shall consist of the Chairman of the Board,  the President,  and
not less than three other  Directors.  Each member of the Board of Directors who
is not a member of the  Committee  shall be an alternate  and, at the request of
the  officer  who is to  preside at the  meeting,  may serve in the place of any
regular member who is unable to attend a committee  meeting for any reason.  The
Chairman of the Board shall  preside at all meetings of the  Committee;  if such
officer is absent,  a Vice Chairman shall preside.  If none of these officers is
available,  the President  shall  preside.  If none of the foregoing  persons is
available,  the non-officer  Director  members of the Executive  Committee shall
select a Director, who need not be an officer, to preside.

Section 2. Powers of Executive Committee. The Executive Committee shall have and
may  exercise,  as far as permitted by law, all the powers and  authority of the
Board of  Directors  and  other  committees  of the Board of  Directors  between
meetings  of such  Board or such  committees.  At each  meeting  of the Board of
Directors,  the minutes of all previous meetings of the Executive  Committee not
theretofore   submitted  to  the  Board  shall  be  presented   for  review  and
ratification by the Board. Any action of the Board disapproving any prior action
of the Executive  Committee shall not affect the rights of third parties dealing
with the Bank, if such rights have attached by virtue of action of the Executive
Committee within the scope of the corporate powers of the Bank.

                                       14
<PAGE>



Section 3. Other Committees.  The Board of Directors may, by resolutions adopted
by a majority of the full Board,  establish one or more other  committees;  each
committee shall consist of two or more members of the Board of Directors  which,
to the extent  provided in such  resolution or  resolutions  or in these Bylaws,
shall  have  and may  exercise  the  powers  of the  Board of  Directors  in the
management  of the  business  and  affairs of the Bank and may have the power to
authorize the seal of the Bank to be affixed to all papers which may require it.
Such  committee or committees  shall have such name or names as may be stated in
these Bylaws or as may be determined from time to time by resolution  adopted by
the  Board of  Directors.  The  Board of  Directors  may  designate  one or more
Directors as alternate  members of any committee,  who may serve in the place of
any regular  member who is unable to attend a committee  meeting for any reason.
Each  committee  shall keep  regular  minutes of its  meetings  and present such
minutes for review to the Board of Directors.

Section 4. Notice of Meetings. Meetings of the Board committees shall be held at
the  principal  office of the Bank in the City of  Cleveland,  or at such  other
place as may be designated in the notice of the meeting at any time upon call by
the Chairman of the Board, the Vice Chairman of the Board, the President, or the
Chairman of the  Committee.  Notice of each such meeting  shall be given to each
member of the Committee in person or by mailing,  telephoning,  or  telegraphing
such  notice at least 24 hours prior to the  meeting;  provided,  however,  that
attendance by any Director at such meeting,  without  protesting  prior to or at
the  commencement  of such meeting,  the lack of proper notice shall be deemed a
waiver by such Director of the notice of such meeting. Notice of the meeting may
be waived in writing or by  telegram by any member  either  before or after such
meeting.  Unless otherwise indicated in the notice of the meeting,  any business
may be transacted at such meeting.

                                   ARTICLE V
                                     TRUSTS
                                     ------

Section 1. Trust  Department.  There shall be a department  of the Bank known as
the  Trust  Department  or  similar  name  which  shall  perform  the  fiduciary
responsibilities of the Bank.

Section  2. Trust  Department  Files.  There  shall be  maintained  in the Trust
Department files containing all fiduciary  records  necessary to assure that its
fiduciary responsibilities have been properly undertaken and discharged.

Section  3.  Trust  Investments.  Funds held in a  fiduciary  capacity  shall be
invested  in  accordance   with  the  instrument   establishing   the  fiduciary
relationship and local law. Where such instrument does not specify the character
and class of investments to be made and does not vest in the Bank  discretion in
the  matter,  funds  held  pursuant  to such  instrument  shall be  invested  in
investments in which corporate fiduciaries may invest under local law.

                                       15
<PAGE>



                                   ARTICLE VI
                                  RECORD DATES
                                  ------------

The Board of Directors  may fix, or  authorize  the Chairman of the Board or the
President to fix, a record date for any lawful purpose.  The record date for the
purpose of the  determination  of the  shareholders  who are entitled to receive
notice of or to vote at a  meeting  of  shareholders  shall  continue  to be the
record date for all  adjournments  of such  meeting.  The Board of Directors may
close the share  transfer  books against  transfer of shares during the whole or
any part of the period  provided for in this Article,  including the date of the
meeting of  shareholders  and the period  ending with the date, if any, to which
the meeting is adjourned.

                                  ARTICLE VII
                            CERTIFICATES FOR SHARES
                            -----------------------

Section 1. Form of Certificates  and Signatures.  Each holder of shares shall be
entitled to one or more  certificates  signed by the Chairman of the Board,  the
President or a Vice President,  and by the Secretary or an Assistant  Secretary.
The signature of any of such officers of the Bank may be a facsimile,  engraved,
stamped, or printed. In case any such officer whose legal or facsimile signature
has been  placed  upon such  certificate  ceases to be such  officer  before the
certificate is delivered,  such certificate  nevertheless  shall be effective in
all respects when delivered.

Section 2. Transfer of Shares. Shares of the Bank shall be transferable upon the
books of the Bank by the holders  thereof,  in person,  or by a duly  authorized
attorney,  upon surrender and  cancellation of certificates for a like number of
shares of the same class,  with duly executed  assignment  and power of transfer
endorsed thereon or attached thereto, and with such proof of the authenticity of
such  signatures to such  certificates  and power of transfer as the Bank or its
agents may reasonably require.

Section 3. Corporate Seal. The following is an impression of the seal adopted by
the Board of Directors of the Bank.

                                (to be inserted)




Any officer  shall have  authority to affix the  corporate  seal to any document
requiring  such seal and to attest  the same.  Failure  to affix the seal to any
instrument  executed on behalf of the Bank shall not affect the validity of such
instrument unless such action is required by law.


                                       16
<PAGE>


                                  ARTICLE VIII
                                 BANKING HOURS
                                 -------------

The main office and branch  offices of the Bank shall be open for business  upon
such  days of the year  and for such  hours  as the  Board of  Directors  or the
officers of the Bank may from time to time determine.

                                   ARTICLE IX
                                 MISCELLANEOUS
                                 -------------

Section 1. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Bank shall be the calendar year.

Section 2. Definitions. The word "person" wherever used in these Bylaws shall be
taken  to  mean  and  include  individuals,   partnerships,   associations,  and
corporations  when  the text so  requires.  "Vice  President",  as used in these
Bylaws,  shall  include Vice Chairman and such titles as Senior  Executive  Vice
President,  Executive Vice President,  and Senior Vice  President.  Words of the
singular  number  shall be taken to  include  the plural and those of the plural
number shall be taken to include the singular  whenever  appropriate.  Nouns and
pronouns  of  the  masculine   gender  shall   include  the  feminine   whenever
appropriate.

Section 3. Execution of Instruments.  The Chief Executive  Officer may from time
to time  prescribe in writing the  authority  of the  officers,  employees,  and
agents of the Bank with  respect to the making,  execution,  and delivery in the
name and on behalf of the Bank of documents and instruments in writing necessary
to  the  transaction  of  its  business,  whether  in a  fiduciary  capacity  or
otherwise,  and with respect to the approval  orally,  or by conduct  other than
signing of  agreements,  of  transactions  in the name and on behalf of the Bank
necessary to the carrying  out of the business of the Bank;  provided,  however,
that if the Chief  Executive  Officer  fails to take such  action,  the Board of
Directors shall, by resolution, establish such authorities in writing. Where any
such  resolution  or any such writing has been  certified by the Secretary or an
Assistant  Secretary as to its full force and effect, any instrument executed or
transaction  effected in conformity  with such resolution or such writing may be
relied upon by any person. Authority granted to officers,  employees, and agents
of the  Bank,  pursuant  to  this  Section  3  shall  apply  to  all  documents,
instruments,  and  conduct  relating  to any  entity  for  which  the  Bank is a
successor in interest, whether by merger or otherwise.

Section 4. Use of Communications Equipment at Meetings.  Members of the Board of
Directors  may  participate  in  regular  or  special  meetings  of the Board of
Directors,  and members of  committees  appointed by the Board of Directors  may
participate in regular or special meetings of those  committees,  through use of
conference telephone or similar communications equipment, as long as all members
participating in such meeting can hear one another.


                                       17
<PAGE>


Section 5. Action Without a Meeting.  Any action which may be taken at a meeting
of the Bank's  shareholders,  Board of  Directors,  or committee of the Board of
Directors,  may be taken without a meeting by the unanimous vote of approval of,
and in a  writing  or  writings  signed  by,  all of  the  Bank's  shareholders,
Directors,  or  committee  members,  respectively,  entitled  to  notice of such
meeting;  such  writing or writings  shall be included in the minute book of the
Bank.

Section 6. Waivers of Notice.  Any  shareholder or Director may waive the giving
of any notice required to be given to him under these Bylaws.

Section 7. Telegram.  Any action  required or permitted to be taken hereunder by
telegram may be taken by telex, fax, or similar communication equipment.

Section  8.  Records.  The  Articles  of  Association,  these  Bylaws,  and  the
proceedings  of all meetings of the  shareholders,  the Board of Directors,  and
committees of the Board,  shall be recorded in appropriate minute books provided
for that purpose.  The minutes of each meeting shall be signed by the Secretary,
an Assistant  Secretary,  or other officer  appointed to act as secretary of the
meeting.

Section 9. Interest  Rates and  Assessments  and Loans.  The Bank may assess and
collect  from  borrowers  interest  at any rate  agreed upon by the Bank and the
borrower as specified in the loan agreement.  In addition to such interest,  the
Bank may assess and collect any dues, fines,  premiums,  or other assessments on
loans  made  in  such  amount  as may be  agreed  upon  in the  loan  agreement,
including,  but not limited to, the following:  origination fees; guarantee fees
or charges for any insurance  protecting a creditor against a borrower's default
or other credit loss; late, default, or delinquency charges;  deferment charges;
annual or other periodic  membership fees; charges for returned checks and other
forms of payment;  overlimit charges; cash advance fees; stop payment fees; ATM,
electronic,  or similar  interchange  access fees;  transaction  fees;  currency
conversion  charges;  fees for  replacement of credit cards,  access checks,  or
other access devices;  minimum charges;  research charges; charges for providing
documentation or other evidence;  credit,  property, or other types of insurance
premiums,  including  premiums for  insurance  in lieu of  perfecting a security
interest;  collection costs;  court costs;  attorney's fees;  applications fees;
credit report fees;  investigation fees;  commitment fees; finder's fees; broker
fees; assumption fees; processing fees; credit report fees;  investigation fees;
points;  survey and appraisal fees;  title  examination  and report fees;  title
insurance premiums;  abstract of title fees; escrow fees; trustee fees; official
fees and taxes;  filing and  recording  fees;  fees for  taking or  releasing  a
security interest; document preparation and notarization fees; prepayment fees.

                                   ARTICLE X
                                   AMENDMENTS
                                   ----------

These Bylaws may be amended,  altered,  or  repealed,  at any regular or special
meeting of the Board of  Directors,  by a vote of a majority of the whole number
of the Directors.


                                       18
<PAGE>







  [Certificate of Authority of Trustee to Commence Business December 17, 1958]

                                       19
<PAGE>

                                                                     EXHIBIT T1D


                  Consent for Records of Governmental Agencies
                     to be Made Available to the Commission


     The  undersigned,  Society  National  Bank, of Cleveland,  Ohio pursuant to
Section 321(b) of The Trust Indenture Act of 1939,  hereby  authorizes the Board
of Governors of the Federal  Reserve  System,  the Federal  Reserve  Banks,  the
Treasury  Department,  the  Comptroller of the Currency and the Federal  Deposit
Insurance  Corporation,  under such  conditions as they may have  available with
respect to the  undersigned  as a  prospective  trustee under an indenture to be
qualified  under the aforesaid  Trust  Indenture Act of 1939 and to make through
their examiners or other  employees for the use of the Commission,  examinations
of the undersigned prospective Trustee.

     The  undersigned  also,  pursuant to Section 321(b) of said Trust Indenture
Act of 1939,  consents  that  reports  of  examination  by the  Federal,  State,
Territorial or District  authorities may be furnished by such authorities to the
Commission upon request therefor.

     Date this 15th day of March, 1994



                             SOCIETY NATIONAL BANK


                             By: /s/ C.M. Nagy
                                -----------------------------------
                                C.M. Nagy, Vice President



     [Corporate Seal]


     ATTEST:

     /s/ D. Kovach
     ------------------------------------
     D. Kovach, Assistant Secretary


                                       20
<PAGE>

                                                                     Exhibit T1E



Legal Title of Bank:  Society National Bank           Call Date: 12/31/93
Address:              127 Public Square               ST-BK: 39-1495  FFIEC 031
City, State  Zip:     Cleveland, OH  44114-1306       Page RC-1
FDIC Certificate No.: 17534



Consolidated Report of Condition for Insured Commercial
and State-Chartered Savings Banks for December 31, 1993


All  schedules  are to be reported in  thousands  of dollars.  Unless  otherwise
indicated,  report the amount  outstanding  as of the last  business  day of the
quarter.



Schedule RC--Balance Sheet


<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                                                                                                  C400
                                                            Dollar Amounts in Thousands             RCFD  Bil Mil Thou
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assets
<S>                                                                                                 <C>     <C>         <C>
 1. Cash and balances due from depository institutes (from Schedule RC-A):
    a. Noninterest-bearing balances and currency and coin(1) .................................      0081     1,170,605   1.a.
    b. Interest-bearing balances(2) ..........................................................      0071           147   1.b.
 2. Securities (from Schedule RC-B) ..........................................................      0390     4,697,949   2.
 3. Federal funds sold and securities purchased under the agreements to resell
    in domestic offices of the bank and of its Edge and Agreement subsidiaries, and
    in IBFs:
    a. Federal funds sold ....................................................................      0267       199,485   3.a.
    b. Securities purchased under agreements to resell .......................................      0277       228,652   3.b.
 4. Loans and lease financing receivables:
    a. Loans and leases, net of unearned income (from Schedule RC-C) ..      RCFD 2122  14,856,796                       4.a.
    b. LESS: Allowance for loan and lease losses ......................      RCFD 3123     407,938                       4.b.
    c. LESS: Allocated transfer risk reserve ..........................      RCFD 3128           0                       4.c.
    d. Loans and leases, net of unearned income,
       allowance, and reserve (item 4.a minus 4.b and 4.c) ...................................      2125    14,448,858   4.d.
 5. Assets held in trading accounts ..........................................................      2146        35,462   5.
 6. Premises and fixed assets (including capitalized leases) .................................      2145       333,562   6.
 7. Other real estate owned (from Schedule RC-M) .............................................      2150        36,419   7.
 8. Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries and associated companies (from Schedule RC-M) .      2130             0   8.
 9. Customers' liability to this bank on acceptances outstanding .............................      2155         9,218   9.
10. Intangible assets (from Schedule RC-M) ...................................................      2143       109,209  10.
11. Other assets (from Schedule RC-F) ........................................................      2160       538,631  11.
12. Total assets (sum of items 1 through 11) .................................................      2170    21,808,197  12.

</TABLE>

- ------------
(1) Includes cash items in process of collection and unposted debits.
(2) Includes time certificates of deposit not held in trading accounts.




                                       21
<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<S>                    <C>                          <C>                                                            
Legal Title of Bank:   Society National Bank        Call Date:  12/31/93  ST-BK: 39-1495  FFIEC 031
Address:               127 Public Square                                                  Page RC-2
City, State  Zip:      Cleveland, OH  44114-1306
FDIC Certificate No.:  17534

</TABLE>

Schedule RC--Continued
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>


                                                       Dollar Amounts in Thousands                         Bil Mil Thou
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S>                                                   <C>               <C>                    <C>          <C>         <C>

LIABILITIES

13.  Deposits:
     a.  In domestic offices (sum of totals of columns A and C from Schedule RC-E, part I) ..  RCON 2200    13,710,001  13.a.
         (1)  Noninterest-bearing (1) .............   RCON 6631         3,370,845                                       13.a.(1)
         (2)  Interest-bearing ....................   RCON 6636         10,339,156                                      13.a.(2)
     b.  In foreign officer, Edge and Agreement subsidiaries, and IBFs (from Schedule RC-E,
         part II)                                                                              RCFN 2200     2,495,533  13.b.
         (1)  Noninterest-bearing (1) .............   RCFN 6631                 0                                       13.b.(1)
         (2)  Interest-bearing ....................   RCFN 6636         2,495,533                                       13.b.(2)
14.  Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase in domestic
     offices of the bank and of its Edge and Agreement subsidiaries, and in IBFs:
     a.  Federal funds purchased ............................................................  RCFD 0278     1,760,997  14.a.
     b.  Securities sold under agreements to repurchase .....................................  RCFD 0279       393,857  14.b.
15.  Demand notes issued to the U.S. Treasury ...............................................  RCON 2840       405,000  15.
16.  Other borrowed money ...................................................................  RCFD 2850       802,185  16.
17.  Mortgage indebtedness and obligations under capitalized leases .........................  RCFD 2910        10,399  17.
18.  Bank's liability on acceptances executed and outstanding ...............................  RCFD 2910         9,218  18.
19.  Subordinated notes and debentures ......................................................  RCFD 2930       344,646  19.
20.  Other liabilities (from Schedule RC-G) .................................................  RCFD 2930       344,425  20.
21.  Total liabilities (sum of items 13 through 20) .........................................  RCFD 2948    20,330,261  21.

22.  Limited-life preferred stock and related surplus .......................................  RCFD 3282             0  22.

EQUITY CAPITAL

23.  Perpetual preferred stock and related surplus ..........................................  RCFD 3838             0  23.
24.  Common stock ...........................................................................  RCFD 3230       206,863  24.
25.  Surplus (exclude all surplus related to preferred stock) ...............................  RCFD 3839       707,165  25.
26.  a.  Undivided profits and capital reserves .............................................  RCFD 3632       563,908  26.a.
     b.  LESS:  Net unrealized loss on marketable equity securities .........................  RCFD 0297             0  26.b.
27.  Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments ....................................  RCFD 3284             0  27.
28.  Total equity capital (sum of items 23 through 27) ......................................  RCFD 3210     1,477,936  28.
29.  Total liabilities, limited-life preferred stock, and equity capital (sum of items 21, 22,
     and 28) ................................................................................  RCFD 3300    21,808,197  29.

Memorandum

To be reported only with the March Report of Condition.
1.  Indicate in the box at the right the number of the statement below that best describes the
    most comprehensive level of auditing work performed for the bank by independent external                  Number
    auditors as of any date during 1992 .....................................................  RCFD 6724        N/A     M.1.

</TABLE>

1 =  Independent  audit of the  bank  conducted  in  accordance  with  generally
     accepted  auditing  standards by a certified  public  accounting firm which
     submits a report on the bank

2 =  Independent  audit  of the  bank's  parent  holding  company  conducted  in
     accordance with generally accepted auditing standards by a certified public
     accounting firm which submits a report on the consolidated  holding company
     (but not on the bank separately)

3 =  Directors'  examination of the bank conducted in accordance  with generally
     accepted  auditing  standards by a certified public accounting firm (may be
     required by state chartering authority)

4 =  Directors'  examination of the bank  performed by other  external  auditors
     (may be required by state chartering authority)

5 =  Review of the bank's financial statements by external auditors

6 =  Compilation of the bank's financial statements by external auditors

7 =  Other audit procedures (excluding tax preparation work)

8 =  No external audit work

- ---------------
(1)  Includes  total demand  deposits and  noninterest-bearing  time and savings
     deposits.





                                       22



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