<PAGE>
Reg. No. 2-34223
Rule 497(e)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACORN FUND AND ACORN INTERNATIONAL ARE OPEN TO NEW INVESTORS.
Shares of Acorn Fund and Acorn International (each, a "Fund") are offered for
sale through WAM Brokerage Services, L.L.C. ("Distributor") without any sales
commission or charges to the Funds or to their shareholders. The Distributor is
wholly-owned by the Funds' investment advisor, Wanger Asset Management, L.P.
("WAM"), and its general partner, Wanger Asset Management, Ltd. The
Distributor's address is 227 West Monroe Street, Chicago, Illinois 60606. Page
32 of the Funds' prospectus outlines the addresses and telephone numbers you
should use to contact the Funds or WAM. All distribution and promotional
expenses relating to the Funds are paid by WAM, including paying or reimbursing
any expenses incurred by the Distributor. Acorn reserves the right to close one
or both of the Funds to new investors if additional cash flow is deemed
detrimental to management of the Fund.
Supplement dated February 27, 1996 to the
Prospectus dated May 1, 1995 of Acorn Investment Trust
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<PAGE>
prospectus 1995
Acorn Fund
Acorn International
No-Load Funds
Prospectus and Application
May 1, 1995
Managed by
Wanger Asset Management, L.P.
<PAGE>
Dear Investor:
Thank you for your interest in the Acorn Funds. We hope you find our prospectus
informative and helpful.
Wanger Asset Management has developed a reputation for finding small high-
quality companies that rise substantially in value. We are pleased that our 25
year old Acorn Fund is considered one of the nation's best small-company growth
funds, with over $2 billion in assets.
Acorn International has grown to nearly $1.4 billion in assets. We are proud of
this toddler and are working hard to find interesting companies to buy here and
overseas.
And remember, investing with us saves you money. Both Acorn Fund and Acorn
International are 100% no-load. There are no sales charges, no 12b-1 fees, and
no hidden expenses. We invest for the long-term (at least 3-5 years), so our
turnover rate is low. This keeps our trading costs down and minimizes
shareholders' taxes.
Providing quality service to our shareholders is very important to us. Starting
with this simplified prospectus, we revamped all of our forms to make doing
business with us even easier. Now, whether you need to change your account
registration, change your IRA beneficiaries, or make another type of
transaction, one of our customer service representatives can help. Simply call
our toll-free number, 1-800-9-ACORN-9 (1-800-922-6769) during regular business
hours for assistance.
We look forward to a long and mutually rewarding relationship with you.
Sincerely,
/s/ Ralph Wanger
Ralph Wanger
President
(Not part of the prospectus.)
<PAGE>
Please read this prospectus before investing, and keep it on file for future
reference. It contains important information, including how the funds invest
and the services available to shareholders.
A Statement of Additional Information ("SAI") dated May 1, 1995 has been filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and is incorporated herein by ref-
erence (is legally considered a part of this prospectus). The SAI is available
free upon request by calling Acorn at 1-800-9-ACORN-9 (1-800-922-6769).
LIKE ALL MUTUAL FUNDS, THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED
BY THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION,
NOR HAS THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMIS-
SION PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTA-
TION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
ACORN FUND
ACORN INTERNATIONAL
NO-LOAD FUNDS
ACORN FUND and ACORN INTERNATIONAL invest for long-term capital growth. Each
fund invests mostly in stocks of small and medium-size companies. Acorn Fund
invests mostly in U.S. companies, but also has significant foreign investments.
Acorn International invests in non-U.S. companies.
PROSPECTUS
MAY 1, 1995
ACORN INVESTMENT TRUST
227 West Monroe Street
Suite 3000
Chicago, Illinois 60606
<PAGE>
ACORN FUND AND ACORN INTERNATIONAL
SUPPLEMENT DATED NOVEMBER 16, 1995
TO ACORN INVESTMENT TRUST PROSPECTUS DATED MAY 1, 1995
Acorn Fund and Acorn International (each, a "Fund") are now open to new
investors. We initially closed the Funds because we did not have adequate
resources to effectively manage the rapid cash inflows. Since then, we have
substantially increased our staff and improved our systems. At a recent
meeting, the Acorn Investment Trust Board of Trustees determined that Wanger
Asset Management, L.P. (the advisor to the Funds) can responsibly manage
additional assets from new investors. The Trustees therefore concluded that it
is in the Funds' best interest to reopen both Acorn Fund and Acorn
International.
Acorn Investment Trust reserves the right to close one or both of the Funds to
new investors if additional cash flows are deemed detrimental to managing the
Funds.
<PAGE>
CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
THE FUNDS AT A GLANCE 4 GOAL, STRATEGY, AND WHO MAY
WANT TO INVEST
EXPENSES AND PERFORMANCE 5 EXPENSES
6 FINANCIAL HISTORY
7 PERFORMANCE
YOUR ACCOUNT 8 DOING BUSINESS WITH ACORN
8 ARE YOU ELIGIBLE TO INVEST?
9 CHOICES FOR YOUR ACCOUNT
REGISTRATION
10 HOW TO BUY SHARES
12 HOW TO SELL SHARES
SHAREHOLDER AND ACCOUNT 15 STATEMENTS AND REPORTS
POLICIES
15 SHARE PRICE
17 ACCOUNT REGISTRATION
17 TELEPHONE TRANSACTIONS
18 EXCHANGE PLAN RESTRICTIONS
DIVIDENDS, CAPITAL GAINS, 20 DISTRIBUTION OPTIONS AND TAXES
AND TAXES
THE FUNDS IN DETAIL 22 ORGANIZATION
22 MANAGEMENT
23 EXPENSES
23 THE ACORN PHILOSOPHY
26 SECURITIES, INVESTMENT
PRACTICES AND RISKS
HOW TO CONTACT US 32 OUR ADDRESSES AND PHONE NUMBERS
</TABLE>
3 PROSPECTUS
<PAGE>
THE FUNDS AT A GLANCE
GOAL
Acorn Fund and Acorn International invest for long-term growth of capital.
STRATEGY
Acorn Fund and Acorn International invest primarily in stocks of small and me-
dium-size companies. The funds look for attractively-priced companies that
Wanger Asset Management, investment adviser to the Funds, thinks will benefit
from favorable long-term social, economic, or political trends. The areas of
emphasis change from time to time. Acorn Fund invests mostly in U.S. companies,
but also has significant foreign investments. Acorn International invests in
non-U.S. companies.
MANAGEMENT
Wanger Asset Management (WAM) chooses investments for the funds. Ralph Wanger
has managed both funds since they commenced opera-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ARE YOU ELIGIBLE TO INVEST?
The funds are closed to new investors. The Acorn funds invest in small and medi-
um-sized companies, so there are often limits on the amount we can (or want to)
invest in a single company. Too much new money to invest could mean that we
would have to buy so many stocks that the portfolios would become unwieldy. See
page 8 to find out if you are eligible to invest.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
tions. WAM has a team of analysts and portfolio managers who concentrate on in-
vestment themes, countries, economic sectors, industries, and companies.
WHO MAY WANT TO INVEST
Acorn Fund and Acorn International are designed for investors who want long-
term growth of capital rather than income and who have the long-term investment
outlook needed for investing in the stocks of small and medium-size companies
in the U.S. and overseas.
The value of each fund's investments and the return it generates vary from day
to day. Performance depends on WAM's skill in identifying the trends that are
the basis for the funds' stock selections, and in picking individual stocks, as
well as general market and economic conditions. When you sell your shares, they
may be worth more or less than what you paid for them.
The stocks of smaller companies often involve more risk than the stocks of
larger companies. Over time, stocks have shown greater growth potential than
other types of securities. In the short term, however, stock prices may fluctu-
ate widely in response to company, market or economic news. The funds do not
pursue income, and are not by themselves a balanced investment plan.
See "Your Account" for how to buy and redeem shares.
PROSPECTUS 4
<PAGE>
EXPENSES AND PERFORMANCE
EXPENSES
SHAREHOLDER TRANSACTION EXPENSES are charges you pay when you buy or sell
shares of a fund.
TRANSACTION EXPENSES
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Maximum sales charge on purchases and reinvested dividends................. NONE
Deferred sales charge on redemptions....................................... NONE
Exchange fee............................................................... NONE
Wire transaction fee....................................................... NONE
</TABLE>
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES. Each fund pays its own operating expenses
including the management fee to WAM. Expenses are factored into a fund's price
or dividends, are subtracted from the share price daily, and are not charged
directly to shareholder accounts.
The following are projections based on historical expenses, and are calculated
as a percentage of average net assets.
ACORN FUND
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Management fee............................................................. .48%
12b-1 fee.................................................................. NONE
Other expenses............................................................. .14%
----
Total fund operating expenses.............................................. .62%
</TABLE>
ACORN INTERNATIONAL
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Management fee............................................................ .85%
12b-1 fee................................................................. NONE
Other expenses............................................................ .39%
-----
Total fund operating expenses............................................. 1.24%
</TABLE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNDERSTANDING EXPENSES
Operating a mutual fund involves a variety of expenses for portfolio management,
shareholder statements, tax reporting, and other services. These costs are paid
from the fund's assets; any quoted share price or return is after expenses.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXAMPLE: Let's say, hypothetically, that each fund's annual return is 5% and
that its operating expenses are exactly as shown in the column to the left. For
every $1,000 you invested, here's how much you would have paid in total ex-
penses if you closed your account after the number of years indicated:
ACORN FUND
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
After 1 year............................................................... $ 6
After 3 years.............................................................. $ 20
After 5 years.............................................................. $ 35
After 10 years............................................................. $ 77
</TABLE>
ACORN INTERNATIONAL
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
After 1 year............................................................... $ 13
After 3 years.............................................................. $ 39
After 5 years.............................................................. $ 68
After 10 years............................................................. $150
</TABLE>
These examples illustrate the effect of expenses, but are not meant to suggest
actual or expected costs or returns, all of which may vary.
5 PROSPECTUS
<PAGE>
EXPENSES AND PERFORMANCE - CONTINUED
FINANCIAL HISTORY
ACORN FUND
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Fiscal periods ended December 31 1994 1993 1992
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net asset value, beginning of year................... $13.95 $11.06 $ 9.32
INCOME FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS
Net investment income................................ .06 .04 .07
Net realized & unrealized gains or (losses) on
securities.......................................... (1.10) 3.50 2.16
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total from investment operations.................... (1.04) 3.54 2.23
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS
Dividends (from net investment income)............... (.11) (.06) (.08)
Distributions (from capital gains reportable for
income tax purposes)................................ (.56) (.59) (.41)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total distributions................................. (.67) (.65) (.49)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net asset value, end of year......................... $12.24 $13.95 $11.06
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total return......................................... -7% 32% 24%
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
Ratio of expenses to average net assets.............. .62% .65% .67%
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets. .55% .30% .72%
Portfolio turnover rate.............................. 18% 20% 25%
Net assets, end of year (in millions)................ $1,983 $2,035 $1,449
</TABLE>
ACORN INTERNATIONAL
<TABLE>
Fiscal periods ended December 31 1994 1993 1992+
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net asset value, beginning of period................ $15.94 $10.69 $10.00
INCOME FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS
Net investment income (loss)........................ .07 .00 (.03)
Net realized & unrealized gains or (losses) on
securities......................................... (.67) 5.25 .72
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total from investment operations................... (.60) 5.25 .69
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS
Dividends (from net investment income).............. (.00) .00 .00
Distributions (from capital gains reportable for
income tax purposes)............................... (.10) .00 .00
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total distributions................................ (.10) .00 .00
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net asset value, end of period...................... $15.24 $15.94 $10.69
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total return........................................ -3.8% 49.1% 6.9%
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
Ratio of expenses to average net assets............. 1.2% 1.21% 2.4%*
Ratio of net investment income to average net
assets............................................. .5% 0.1% (1.4%)*
Portfolio turnover rate............................. 20% 19% 20%
Net assets, end of period (in millions)............. $1,363 $ 907 $30
</TABLE>
*Annualized +From 9/23/92 (commencement of operations) to 12/31/92
------------------------------------------------------------------
This information has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent auditors.
Their unqualified report is included in each fund's Annual Report. The Annual
Reports are incorporated by reference into and are legally a part of the SAI.
PROSPECTUS 6
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
$ 6.51 $8.58 $7.27 $6.48 $7.45 $7.56 $6.18
.11 .12 .13 .12 .14 .13 .12
2.95 (1.62) 1.65 1.47 .12 1.07 1.73
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.06 (1.50) 1.78 1.59 .26 1.20 1.85
(.10) (.13) (.11) (.16) (.15) (.10) (.10)
(.15) (.44) (.36) (.64) (1.08) (1.21) (.37)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(.25) (.57) (.47) (.80) (1.23) (1.31) (.47)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ 9.32 $6.51 $8.58 $7.27 $6.48 $7.45 $7.56
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
47% (18%) 25% 25% 4% 17% 32%
.72% .82% .73% .80% .82% .79% .78%
1.30% 1.60% 1.59% 1.52% 1.85% 1.71% 1.73%
25% 36% 26% 36% 52% 34% 32%
$1,150 $ 767 $ 855 $ 563 $ 418 $ 415 $ 317
</TABLE>
PERFORMANCE
Mutual fund performance is commonly measured as total return.
Total return is the change in value of an investment in a fund over a given pe-
riod, assuming reinvestment of any dividends and capital gains. TOTAL RETURN
reflects actual performance over a stated period of time. AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL
RETURN is a hypothetical rate of return that, if achieved annually, would have
produced the same total return if performance had been constant over the entire
period. Average annual total returns smooth out variations in performance; they
are not the same as actual year-by-year results.
Total returns are based on past results and are not a prediction of future
performance. They do not include the effect of income taxes.
The funds sometimes show their performance compared to stock indexes (described
in the statement of additional information), or give their ratings or rankings
determined by an unrelated organization.
Information about the performance of the funds is contained in each fund's an-
nual report which may be obtained free of charge by calling Acorn at 1-800-9-
ACORN-9 (1-800-922-6769).
7 PROSPECTUS
<PAGE>
YOUR ACCOUNT
DOING BUSINESS WITH ACORN
Acorn provides customers with service Monday through Friday, except
holidays, from 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
Chicago (central) time.
To reach Acorn, call:
. For help in setting up your account, prices, literature, or fund informa-
tion--1-800-9-ACORN-9 (1-800-922-6769) (from outside the U.S.: 1-312-634-
9240)
. For existing IRAs--call our transfer agent at 1-800-962-1585
. To add to your existing account, to redeem shares, or to exchange shares by
phone--call our transfer agent by 3:00 p.m. Chicago (central) time at 1-800-
962-1585 (outside the U.S.: 1-617-774-5000 ext. 6457)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACORN FACTS
. Assets in Acorn mutual funds: over $3 billion
. Number of shareholder accounts: more than 150,000
. Number of portfolio managers and analysts working for the funds: 10
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ARE YOU ELIGIBLE TO INVEST?
Acorn Fund and Acorn International closed to new investors because we believe
that uncontrolled growth might hurt investment performance. As a shareholder,
you may still add to your existing Acorn account. You may open a new account
if--
. you are already a shareholder (in your own name or as beneficial owner of
shares held in someone else's name) in Acorn Fund or Acorn International;
. you are using the exchange plan to move your investment among Acorn Fund,
Acorn International, or the money funds;
. your business or other organization is already a shareholder of Acorn Fund
or Acorn International and you are opening an account for an employee bene-
fit plan sponsored by that organization or an affiliated organization;
. you are transferring or doing a "rollover" into an Acorn IRA from an em-
ployee benefit plan through which you held shares of Acorn Fund or Acorn In-
ternational (if your plan doesn't qualify for rollovers you may still open a
new account with all or part of the proceeds of a distribution from the
plan); or
. you are an Acorn trustee or officer, or a partner or employee of WAM, or a
member of the immediate family of any of those people, or you are a client
of WAM.
You may continue to reinvest your dividends and distributions from the funds.
An employee benefit plan which is a fund shareholder may continue to buy
shares in the ordinary course of the plan's opera-
tions, even for new plan participants.
Call us at 1-800-9-ACORN-9 (1-800-922-6769) if you have questions about your
eligibility to invest.
PROSPECTUS 8
<PAGE>
CHOICES FOR YOUR ACCOUNT REGISTRATION
INDIVIDUAL OR JOINT OWNERSHIP
For your general investment needs
Individual accounts are owned by one person. Joint accounts can have two or
more owners.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GIFT OR TRANSFER TO A MINOR (UGMA, UTMA)
To invest for a minor's education or other future needs
These custodial accounts provide a way to give money to a minor. The
account application must include the minor's social security number.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TRUST OR ESTABLISHED EMPLOYEE BENEFIT OR PROFIT-SHARING PLAN
For money being invested by a trust, employee benefit plan, or profit-sharing
plan
The trust or plan must be established before an account can be opened.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CORPORATION OR OTHER ENTITY
For investment needs of corporations, associations, partnerships, institutions,
or other groups
You will need to send a certified corporate resolution with your application.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RETIREMENT
To shelter your retirement savings from taxes
Retirement plans allow individuals to shelter investment income and capital
gains from current taxes. Contributions to these accounts may be tax deduct-
ible. IRAs require a special application (call 1 800 9-ACORN-9); lower minimum
investments apply.
. ACORN INDIVIDUAL RETIREMENT ACCOUNTS (IRAS) allow anyone of legal age and un-
der 70 1/2 with earned income to save up to $2,000 per tax year. If your
spouse has (or elects to be treated as having) earned income of less than
$250 your spouse may invest in a "Spousal IRA." Each account is subject to
the $2,000 maximum; the maximum for your combined accounts is $2,250.
. ROLLOVER IRAS retain special tax advantages for certain distributions from
employer-sponsored retirement plans.
. SIMPLIFIED EMPLOYEE PENSION PLANS (SEP-IRAS) allow small business owners or
those with self-employment income to make tax-deductible contributions of up
to $30,000 per year for themselves and any eligible employees.
. OTHER RETIREMENT PLANS--The funds may be used as investments in other kinds
of retirement plans, including Keogh or corporate profit sharing and money
purchase plans, 403(b) plans, and 401(k) plans. All of these accounts need to
be established by the trustee of the plan. Acorn does not offer prototypes of
these plans.
9 PROSPECTUS
<PAGE>
YOUR ACCOUNT - CONTINUED
HOW TO BUY SHARES
YOU CAN OPEN A NEW ACCOUNT BY:
. mailing in an application with a check or money order for $1,000 or more, or
. using the exchange plan to move $1,000 or more from an account with Acorn
Fund, Acorn International, or one of the money funds into an identically reg-
istered account in Acorn Fund or Acorn International.
AFTER YOUR ACCOUNT IS OPEN, YOU MAY ADD TO IT BY:
. wiring money from your bank;
. moving money from your bank account by telephone if you participate in the
telephone purchase plan;
. using the telephone exchange plan to move your investment from one fund to
the other, or from one of the money funds; or
. mailing a check or money order with the stub from one of your account state-
ments, or a letter.
You must make your telephone purchases or exchanges from Acorn or Acorn Inter-
national by 3:00 p.m. Chicago (central) time.
See "Shareholder and Account Policies" for more information about the exchange
plan.
IF YOU ARE INVESTING THROUGH AN ACORN IRA for the first time you will need a
special application. Call 1-800-9-ACORN-9 (1-800-922-6769) or complete and re-
turn the enclosed card for information and an application for an Acorn IRA. For
both initial and subsequent IRA investments, please indicate the year for which
the investment is being made.
Acorn Fund and Acorn International are NO-LOAD FUNDS, which means you pay no
sales commissions of any kind. The price you pay for shares is the net asset
value ("NAV") next calculated after your investment is received and accepted.
An order is considered received when the application (for a new account) or in-
formation identifying the account and the money are received. See "Shareholder
and Account Policies" for more information about share price.
MINIMUM INVESTMENTS
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
To open an account $1,000
To open an IRA $ 200
To add to an account $ 100
Minimum balance $1,000
</TABLE>
If you sign up for the Automatic Investment Plan and later wish to change the
amount or frequency of your automatic investments, or stop future investments,
you may do so by simply calling us at 1-800-962-1585 at least one week prior to
your next scheduled investment date.
(continued on page 12)
PROSPECTUS 10
<PAGE>
HOW TO BUY SHARES
PHONE 1-800-962-1585
LOGO
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TO OPEN AN ACCOUNT: TO ADD TO AN ACCOUNT:
. Exchange between funds or from . Exchange between accounts with the same
a money fund account (only if registration, including name, address,
you had invested in the money and taxpayer ID number.
fund by exchanging from Acorn
Fund or Acorn International) . Use the telephone purchase plan to
with the same registration, transfer $100 to $50,000 from your bank
including name, address, and account. Call first to verify that this
taxpayer ID number. service is in place on your account.
(This service is not available for
IRAs.)
You must make your telephone purchases or exchanges from Acorn or Acorn
International by 3:00 p.m. Chicago (central) time.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MAIL
LOGO
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TO OPEN AN ACCOUNT: TO ADD TO AN ACCOUNT:
. Complete and sign the applica- . Make your check payable to "Acorn Fund"
tion. Make your check payable or "Acorn International." Put your fund
to "Acorn Fund" or "Acorn In- account number on your check. Use the
ternational." return envelope that comes with your
statements, or mail to the address on
your statement.
Mail to the address on the application,
or for overnight delivery:
Boston Financial Data Services
Attn: Acorn Funds
2 Heritage Drive
N. Quincy, MA 02171
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WIRE
LOGO
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TO OPEN AN ACCOUNT: TO ADD TO AN ACCOUNT:
. You may not open a new account . Wire to:
by wire. State Street Bank and Trust Co.
Attn: Mutual Funds Boston, MA 02110
Routing #0110-0002-8 Deposit DDA
9902-990-2
Specify the name of the fund and the
name and the number on your account
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTOMATICALLY
LOGO
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TO OPEN AN ACCOUNT: TO ADD TO AN ACCOUNT:
. You may not open a new account . Sign up on the purchase application for
automatically. monthly or quarterly transfers of $100
to $50,000 from your bank account, or
call 1-800-9-ACORN-9 (1-800-922-6769)
for an Account Services form. If you
already have this service, you can eas-
ily change the frequency or amount of
your automatic investments over the
phone by calling 1-800-962-1585.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TDD--Service for the deaf and hearing-impaired: 1-800-306-4567
11 PROSPECTUS
<PAGE>
YOUR ACCOUNT - CONTINUED
HOW TO SELL SHARES
You can arrange to take money out of your fund account at any time by selling
(redeeming) some or all of your shares. Your shares will be sold at the next
NAV (share price) calculated after your order is received and accepted. See
"Shareholder and Account Policies" for more information about share price.
To sell shares in a regular (non-IRA) account, you may use any of the methods
described here. To sell shares in an Acorn IRA, your request must be made in
writing, except for exchanges between funds or to one of the money funds, which
can be requested before 3:00 p.m. Chicago (central) time by phone or in writ-
ing. If you need an IRA Withdrawal Request form, call us at 1-800-9-ACORN-9 (1-
800-922-6769).
THE TELEPHONE REDEMPTION PLAN lets you redeem $100 to $50,000 per day by phone.
You must make your telephone redemptions by 3:00 p.m. Chicago (central) time.
You automatically have the telephone redemption plan unless you decline it on
your application. If you have changed the address on your account by telephone
within 60 days of the telephone redemption request, this service is not avail-
able. You must designate an account on your purchase application, or in writing
with a signature guarantee, to have proceeds of redemption wired to your bank
account.
THE SYSTEMATIC WITHDRAWAL PLAN lets you set up automatic monthly or quarterly
redemptions from your account in specified dollar amounts if you have a $25,000
minimum Acorn account balance. Call 1-800-9-ACORN-9 (1-800-922-6769) for a Do-
ing Business with Acorn form.
SELLING SHARES IN WRITING
Write a "letter of instruction" with:
. your name,
. the fund's name,
. your fund account number,
. the dollar amount or number of shares to be redeemed,
. the stock certificates representing your shares to be redeemed, if you hold
certificates for your shares, and
. any other applicable requirements listed in the table on the next page.
Mail your letter to:
State Street Bank and Trust Co.
Attn: Acorn Funds
P.O. Box 8502
Boston, MA 02266-8502
If you are using overnight mail:
Boston Financial Data Service
Attn: Acorn Funds
2 Heritage Drive
N. Quincy, MA 02171
Do not sign your stock certificates. Send them by registered or certified mail
so that you may receive confirmation of delivery.
continued on page 14
PROSPECTUS 12
<PAGE>
HOW TO SELL SHARES
PHONE 1-800-962-1585
LOGO
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
All accounts except . To verify that the telephone redemption plan is in
IRAs place, call 1-800-9-ACORN-9 (1-800-922-6769). You
automatically have this feature on your account.
. Maximum--$50,000; minimum--$100
All account types . To exchange between identically registered
accounts.
You must make your telephone redemptions by 3:00 p.m. Chicago (central) time.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MAIL
LOGO
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Individuals, Joint Owners, . The letter of instruction must be signed by all
Sole Proprietorships, persons required to sign for transactions
UGMA, UTMA (usually, all owners of the account), exactly as
IRAs their names appear on the account.
. The account owner should complete an IRA
Withdrawal Request form.
Call 1-800-9-ACORN-9 (1-800-922-6769) to request
one.
Trust . The trustee must sign the letter indicating
capacity as trustee. If the account registration
does not include the trustee's name, provide a
copy of the trust document certified within the
last 60 days.
Business or . The person or persons authorized by corporate
Organization resolution to act on the account must sign, in
that person's official capacity, the redemption
request on the corporation's stationery.
. Include a corporate resolution certified within 60
days if the amount to be redeemed exceeds $50,000.
Executor, . Call 1-800-9-ACORN-9 (1-800-922-6769) for
Administrator, instructions.
Conservator, Guardian
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WIRE
LOGO
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
All account types . You must sign up for payment of redemptions by
except IRAs wire before using this feature. Call to verify
that this service is in place--1-800-9-ACORN-9
(1-800-922-6769).
. Minimum wire: $1,000; maximum: $50,000.
You must make your telephone redemptions by 3:00 p.m. Chicago (central) time.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTOMATICALLY
LOGO
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
All account types . Call 1-800-962-1585 to set up monthly or quarterly
automatic exchanges of $100 to $50,000 between
identically registered accounts.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TDD--Service for the deaf and hearing-impaired: 1-800-306-4567
NOTE: Some redemptions require signature guarantees. See page 14.
13 PROSPECTUS
<PAGE>
YOUR ACCOUNT - CONTINUED
CERTAIN REQUESTS MUST INCLUDE A SIGNATURE GUARANTEE, designed to protect you
and Acorn from fraud. Your request must be made in writing and include a signa-
ture guarantee if any of the following situations applies:
. you wish to redeem more than $50,000 worth of shares;
. your account registration has been changed within the last 60 days and the
signature on your letter of instruction was not guaranteed;
. the check is being mailed to an address different from the one on your ac-
count (record address);
. the check is being made payable to someone other than the account owner; or
. you are instructing us to wire the proceeds to a bank or brokerage account
and have not signed up for the telephone redemption by wire plan.
You should be able to obtain a signature guarantee from a bank, broker, dealer,
credit union (if authorized under state law), securities exchange or associa-
tion, clearing agency, or savings association. A notary public cannot provide a
signature guarantee.
The price at which your shares will be redeemed is determined by the time of
day our transfer agent receives your redemption request. The price per share is
always the next net asset value (NAV) per share calculated after your redemp-
tion request, including any required signature guarantee or supporting docu-
ments, is received. The funds calculate NAV as of Closing Time on each day the
New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is open for trading. Closing Time is the close
of regular session trading on the NYSE, which is usually 3:00 p.m. Chicago
(central) time but is sometimes earlier.
To get today's price--
. Use the telephone redemption plan to call your redemption request in before
Closing Time (note that the Closing Time to exchange out of the money funds
is 11:00 a.m. Chicago (central) time).
. Have your written redemption request, with a signature guarantee if required
and any supporting documents, delivered to our
transfer agent before Closing Time.
14
PROSPECTUS
<PAGE>
SHAREHOLDER AND ACCOUNT POLICIES
STATEMENTS AND REPORTS that Acorn sends to you include:
. Confirmation statements (after every transaction in your account or change in
your account registration)
. Account statements (quarterly)
. Reports to shareholders (quarterly)
If you would like us to send duplicate statements to someone, simply call us at
1-800-962-1585, and we can take your request over the phone.
If you need copies of your historical account information, please call 1-800-
962-1585. There is a small charge for historical account information for prior
years.
SHARE PRICE
THE FUNDS ARE OPEN FOR BUSINESS each day the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is
open. THE OFFERING PRICE (price to buy one share) and REDEMPTION PRICE (price
to sell one share) are the fund's net asset value ("NAV") calculated at the
next Closing Time after receipt of your order. Closing Time is the time of the
close of regular session trading on The New York Stock Exchange, which is usu-
ally 3:00 p.m. Chicago (central) time but is sometimes earlier.
A FUND'S NAV is the value of a single share. The NAV is computed by adding up
the value of the fund's investments, cash, and other assets, subtracting its
liabilities, and then dividing the result by the number of shares outstanding.
Each fund's portfolio securities and assets are valued primarily on the basis
of market quotations from the primary market in which they are traded or, if
quotations are not readily available, by a method that the board of trustees
believes accurately reflects a fair value. Values of foreign securities are
translated from the local currency into U.S. dollars using current exchange
rates.
Your purchase or redemption of fund shares will be priced at the next NAV cal-
culated after your investment (including the application, if for a new account,
and the money) or redemption request is received and accepted. An order re-
ceived before Closing Time will get that day's price. No telephone orders will
be accepted after Closing Time.
PURCHASES
. All of your purchases must be made in U.S. dollars and checks must be drawn
on U.S. banks.
. Acorn does not accept cash or credit cards.
. If your check or telephone purchase order does not clear, your purchase will
be cancelled and you will be liable for any losses or fees the fund or its
transfer agent incurs.
15 PROSPECTUS
<PAGE>
SHAREHOLDER AND ACCOUNT POLICIES - CONTINUED
. Your Automatic Investment Plan and Telephone Purchase Plan may be immediately
terminated in the event that any item is unpaid by your financial institu-
tion.
. When you make a purchase by telephone, the money is ordinarily drawn from
your bank account the day AFTER you call and the Acorn shares purchased are
at the NAV calculated after the money is transferred.
EACH FUND RESERVES THE RIGHT TO reject any specific purchase order, including
certain purchases through the exchange plan. See "Exchange Plan Restrictions."
Purchase orders may be refused if, in WAM's opinion, they are of a size that
would disrupt management of the fund.
CERTAIN FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS that have entered into sales agreements with
Acorn may enter confirmed purchase orders or redemption requests on behalf of
customers on an expedited basis, including orders by phone, with payment to
follow no later than the time when the fund is priced on the following business
day. If payment is not received by that time, the financial institution could
be held liable for resulting fees or losses. These institutions may impose
charges for their services, and those charges could constitute a significant
portion of a smaller account. Certain privileges available to record holders of
shares of either fund, including the telephone exchange privilege, may not be
available through brokers and financial institutions.
REDEMPTIONS
. Normally, redemption proceeds will be mailed within seven business days after
State Street Bank receives a request for redemption.
. A fund may hold payment on redemptions until it is reasonably satisfied that
it has received payment for a recent purchase made by check, by the Automatic
Investment Plan, or by the Telephone Purchase Plan, which can take up to fif-
teen days.
. If you elected to participate in the Telephone Redemption by Wire plan, Acorn
will send payment for your redemption to your bank account by wire transfer.
Your bank may impose a fee for the incoming wire. Payment by wire is usually
credited to your bank account on the next business day after your call.
. Redemptions may be suspended or payment dates postponed on days when the NYSE
is closed (other than weekends or holidays), when trading on the NYSE is re-
stricted, or as permitted by the SEC.
. There is ordinarily a 2% redemption fee on shares redeemed within 60 days of
purchase (except by IRAs and retirement plans), but that fee will not be im-
posed while the funds are closed.
PROSPECTUS 16
<PAGE>
IF THE VALUE OF YOUR ACCOUNT FALLS BELOW $1,000, Acorn reserves the right to
close your account and send the proceeds to you. Your shares will be redeemed
at the NAV calculated on the day your account is closed.
If checks representing (1) redemption proceeds, (2) withdrawals under a system-
atic withdrawal plan, or (3) dividend and capital gains distributions are re-
turned "undeliverable" or remain uncashed for six months, the checks shall be
cancelled and the proceeds will be reinvested in the fund issuing the check at
the per share net asset value on the date of cancellation. In addition, after
such six-month period, (1) your systematic withdrawal plan will automatically
be cancelled and future withdrawals will occur only when requested, or (2) your
cash election will automatically be changed and future dividends and distribu-
tions will be reinvested in your fund at the per share net asset value deter-
mined on the date of payment of such distributions.
ACCOUNT REGISTRATION
ADDRESS CHANGES for your account may be made by calling 1-800-962-1585. Acorn
will send a written confirmation of the change to both your old and new
addresses. No telephone redemptions may be made for 60 days after a change of
address by phone. During those 60 days, a signature guarantee will be required
for any written redemption request unless your change of address was made in
writing with a signature guarantee.
NAME CHANGE. If your name has changed (by marriage or divorce, for example),
write us a letter giving your account number(s) and old and new names. Sign the
letter in both the old and new names and have your signature guaranteed.
OTHER ACCOUNT REGISTRATION CHANGES usually must be done in writing. Call us at
1-800-9-ACORN-9 (1-800-922-6769) for information on changing your account reg-
istration.
TELEPHONE TRANSACTIONS
YOU MAY INITIATE MANY TRANSACTIONS BY TELEPHONE. Acorn will not be responsible
for any losses resulting from unauthorized transactions if it follows reason-
able procedures designed to verify the identity of the caller. Those procedures
may include recording the call, requesting additional information, and sending
written confirmation of telephone transactions.
You should verify the accuracy of telephone transactions immediately upon re-
ceipt of your confirmation statement. If you do not want to be able to initiate
transactions by telephone, decline these privileges on your account application
or call Acorn for instructions at 1-800-962-1585.
17 PROSPECTUS
<PAGE>
SHAREHOLDER AND ACCOUNT POLICIES - CONTINUED
IF YOU ARE UNABLE TO REACH ACORN BY PHONE (for example, during periods of unu-
sual market activity), consider placing your order by mail.
TELEPHONE EXCHANGE PLAN. Acorn's telephone exchange plan permits you to ex-
change your investment between Acorn Fund and Acorn International, into one of
the money market mutual funds participating in the plan (money funds) upon tel-
ephone instructions, or from one of the money funds in which you had invested
by exchanging from Acorn Fund or Acorn International. The MONEY FUNDS are:
Short Term Income Fund, Money Market Portfolio; Short Term Income Fund, U.S.
Government Portfolio; Daily Tax Free Income Fund; California Daily Tax Free In-
come Fund; Connecticut Daily Tax Free Income Fund; Florida Daily Tax Free In-
come Fund; Michigan Daily Tax Free Income Fund; New Jersey Daily Municipal In-
come Fund; New York Daily Tax Free Income Fund; North Carolina Daily Municipal
Income Fund; and Pennsylvania Daily Municipal Income Fund.
Each of the money funds is a no-load fund managed by Reich & Tang Asset Manage-
ment L.P. and offers check-writing privileges (for accounts other than IRAs) in
addition to the exchange plan. Only Short Term Income Fund, Money Market Port-
folio is available for IRA accounts.
THE PRICE AT WHICH SHARES ARE EXCHANGED is determined by the time of day we re-
ceive your request. TO GET TODAY'S PRICE:
. For an IRA account, call us at 1-800-962-1585 before Closing Time.
. If you are exchanging between Acorn Fund and Acorn International, or from
Acorn Fund or Acorn International into one of the money funds, call us at
1-800-962-1585 before Closing Time.
. If you are exchanging from one of the money funds to Acorn Fund or Acorn In-
ternational, CALL REICH & TANG AT 1-800-221-3079 BEFORE 11:00 A.M. CHICAGO
TIME.
Because of the time needed to transfer money between the funds and the money
funds, you may not exchange into and out of a money fund on the same or succes-
sive days; there must be at least one day between exchanges.
EXCHANGE PLAN RESTRICTIONS
. Because the funds are closed to new investors, you may not use the exchange
plan to purchase shares of Acorn Fund or Acorn International from a money
fund account unless that account was first opened by exchange from Acorn Fund
or Acorn International.
PROSPECTUS 18
<PAGE>
. The fund you are exchanging into must be registered for sale in your state.
. You may only exchange between accounts that are registered in the same name,
address, and taxpayer identification number.
. If you are opening a new account by exchange, your exchange must be at least
$1,000 or $200 for an IRA account.
. Before exchanging into a fund, you should read its prospectus.
. Exchanges may have tax consequences for you.
. The exchange plan is not available for shares of either fund for which you
have been issued certificates. (If you want to exchange shares between funds,
call 1-800-962-1585 to get instructions for returning your certificates.)
. If your account is subject to backup withholding, you may not use the ex-
change plan.
. Because excessive trading can hurt fund performance and shareholders, the
funds reserve the right to temporarily or permanently terminate the exchange
privilege of any investor who makes excessive use of the exchange plan. The
funds may limit the number of exchanges per calendar year.
. The funds also reserve the right to refuse exchange purchases by any person
or group if Acorn believes the purchase will be harmful to existing share-
holders.
. Your exchanges may be restricted or refused if a fund receives or anticipates
simultaneous orders affecting significant portions of that fund's assets. In
particular, a pattern of exchanges that coincides with a "market timing"
strategy may be disruptive to a fund.
The funds reserve the right to terminate or modify the exchange plan at any
time, but will try to give you prior notice whenever they are reasonably able
to do so.
19 PROSPECTUS
<PAGE>
DIVIDENDS, CAPITAL GAINS, AND TAXES
Each fund distributes substantially all of its net income and capital gains to
shareholders each year. Normally, dividends are paid in July and December, and
capital gains are distributed in December.
DISTRIBUTION OPTIONS
When you open an account, specify on your application how you want to receive
your distributions. If you later want to change your distribution option, call
us at 1-800-962-1585. The funds offer three options:
. REINVESTMENT OPTION. Your dividends and capital gain distributions will be
automatically reinvested in additional shares of the fund. If you do not in-
dicate a choice on your application, you will be assigned this option.
. INCOME-ONLY OPTION. Your capital gain distributions will be automatically re-
invested, but you will be sent a check for each dividend.
. CASH OPTION. You will be sent a check for each dividend and capital gain dis-
tribution.
FOR IRA ACCOUNTS, all distributions are automatically reinvested because pay-
ment of distributions in cash would be a taxable distribution from your IRA,
and might be subject to income tax penalties if you are under 59 1/2 years old.
After you are 59 1/2, you may request payment of distributions in cash.
When you reinvest, the reinvestment price is the fund's NAV at the close of
business on the reinvestment date. The mailing of distribution checks will usu-
ally begin on the payment date, which is usually one week after the ex-dividend
date.
TAXES
As with any investment, you should consider how your investment in a fund will
be taxed. If your account is a tax-deferred account, for example, an IRA or an
employee benefit plan account, the following tax discussion does not apply. If
your account is not a tax-deferred account, however, you should be aware of the
following tax rules:
TAXES ON DISTRIBUTIONS. Distributions are subject to federal income tax, and
may also be subject to state or local taxes. If you live outside the United
States, your distributions could also be taxed by the country in which you re-
side.
Your distributions are taxable when they are paid, whether you take them in
cash or reinvest them in additional shares. However, distributions declared in
December and paid in January are taxable as if they were paid on December 31.
For federal tax purposes, each fund's income and short-term capital gain dis-
tributions are taxed as dividends; long-term capital gain distributions are
taxed as long-term capital gains. Every January, Acorn will send you and the
IRS a state-
PROSPECTUS 20
<PAGE>
ment, called a Form 1099, showing the amount of each taxable distribution you
received in the previous year.
TAXES ON TRANSACTIONS. Your redemptions--including exchanges between funds or
into a money fund--are subject to capital gains tax. A capital gain or loss is
the difference between the cost of your shares and the price you receive when
you sell them.
Whenever you sell shares of either fund, Acorn will send you a confirmation
statement showing how many shares you sold and at what price. You will also re-
ceive a year-end statement every January. It is up to you or your tax preparer
to determine whether any given sale resulted in a capital gain and, if so, the
amount of tax to be paid. Be sure to keep your regular account statements; the
information they contain will be essential in calculating the amount of your
capital gains.
FOREIGN INCOME TAXES
Investment income received by either fund from sources within foreign countries
may be subject to foreign income taxes withheld at the source. If a fund pays
nonrefundable taxes to foreign governments during the year, the taxes will re-
duce that fund's dividends but will still be included in your taxable income.
You may be able to claim an offsetting credit or deduction on your tax return
for your share of foreign taxes paid by Acorn International (but not by Acorn
Fund because not enough of Acorn Fund's assets are invested in foreign securi-
ties for Acorn Fund to be able to pass through the foreign tax credit). Acorn
International will send you this information as part of your annual Form 1099.
WHEN YOU SIGN YOUR ACCOUNT APPLICATION, you will be asked to certify that your
Social Security or taxpayer identification number is correct and that you are
not subject to 31% backup withholding for failing to report income to the IRS.
If you violate IRS regulations, the IRS can require Acorn to withhold 31% of
your taxable distributions and redemptions.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNDERSTANDING DISTRIBUTIONS
As a fund shareholder, you are entitled to your share of a fund's net income and
any net gains realized on its investments.
The funds' income from dividends and interest, and any net realized short-term
capital gain, are paid to you as DIVIDENDS. A fund realizes capital gains when-
ever it sells securities for a higher price than it paid for them. Net realized
long-term gains are paid to you as CAPITAL GAIN DISTRIBUTIONS.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21 PROSPECTUS
<PAGE>
THE FUNDS IN DETAIL
ORGANIZATION
Acorn Fund and Acorn International are series of Acorn Investment Trust
("Acorn" or the "Trust"), an open-end, management investment company. The Acorn
Fund, Inc. began operations in 1970, and was reorganized as the Acorn Fund se-
ries of the Trust on June 30, 1992. The Trust is a Massachusetts business trust
organized on April 21, 1992. Acorn International began operations on September
23, 1992.
Each share of a fund is entitled to participate pro rata in any dividends and
other distributions declared by the board of trustees with respect to that
fund, and all shares of a fund have equal rights in the event of liquidation of
that fund.
THE TRUST IS GOVERNED BY A BOARD OF TRUSTEES, which is responsible for protect-
ing the interests of the shareholders of the funds. The trustees are experi-
enced executives and professionals who meet at regular intervals to oversee the
activities of the Trust and the funds. A majority of trustees are not otherwise
affiliated with Acorn or WAM.
ACORN MAY HOLD SPECIAL MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS to elect or remove trustees,
change fundamental policies, approve a management contract, or for other pur-
poses. Acorn will mail proxy materials in advance, including a voting card and
information about the proposals to be voted on. You are entitled to one vote
for each share of Acorn Fund and Acorn International that you own. Shareholders
not attending these meetings are encouraged to vote by proxy.
MANAGEMENT
The funds are managed by Wanger Asset Management, L.P. (WAM), 227 West Monroe
Street, Suite 3000, Chicago, Illinois 60606; WAM chooses the funds' investments
and handles their business affairs, under the direction of the board of trust-
ees. WAM is a limited partnership managed by its general partner, Wanger Asset
Management, Ltd., which is controlled by Ralph Wanger. WAM manages more than $4
billion in assets.
RALPH WANGER is the funds' portfolio manager and has managed the portfolios
since each fund began (June 1970 for Acorn Fund and September 1992 for Acorn
International). Mr. Wanger has been president and a member of the board of
Acorn (and its predecessor, The Acorn Fund, Inc.) since 1970. He is a principal
of WAM and was a principal of the Fund's prior adviser until July 1992. Mr.
Wanger is primarily responsible for development of the funds' investment strat-
egies.
CHARLES P. MCQUAID and TERENCE M. HOGAN are co-managers of Acorn Fund. Mr. Mc-
Quaid is senior vice president and a trustee of the Trust. Mr. Hogan is a vice
president of the Trust. Mr. McQuaid
PROSPECTUS 22
<PAGE>
and Mr. Hogan have been principals of WAM since July 1992. Before that date,
Mr. McQuaid was a principal and Mr. Hogan was an analyst with the Trust's prior
investment adviser.
LEAH J. ZELL is co-manager of Acorn International and is a vice president of
the Trust. Ms. Zell has been a principal of WAM since July 1992 and was an ana-
lyst with the Trust's prior investment adviser before that date.
The other executive officers are Robert M. Slotky, vice president and treasur-
er, and Merrillyn J. Kosier, vice president and secretary.
State Street Bank and Trust Company is each fund's transfer agent and custodi-
an.
EXPENSES
Like all mutual funds, Acorn Fund and Acorn International pay expenses related
to their daily operations. Expenses paid out of each fund's assets are re-
flected in its share price or dividends.
Each fund pays a MANAGEMENT FEE to WAM for managing its investments and busi-
ness affairs. See "Expenses and Performance." The rates of fee paid by Acorn
International are higher than those paid by most mutual funds, reflecting the
higher costs involved in management of an international portfolio.
Each fund pays the management fee to WAM and the fees of its custodian, trans-
fer agent, auditors, and lawyers. It also pays other expenses such as the cost
of compliance with federal and state laws, proxy solicitations, shareholder re-
ports, taxes, insurance premiums, and the fees of trustees who are not other-
wise affiliated with Acorn or WAM.
THE ACORN PHILOSOPHY
ACORN FUND AND ACORN INTERNATIONAL SEEK LONG-TERM GROWTH OF CAPITAL. Although
income is considered in the selection of securities for Acorn Fund, neither
fund is designed for investors seeking primarily income rather than capital
appreciation.
ACORN PREFERS SMALL COMPANIES. Since large institutions seek highly marketable
stocks, the stocks of large companies are studied in detail by security ana-
lysts, with the result that all investors know much the same thing about large
companies. WAM prefers to work with stocks where values are more attractive be-
cause the facts about the companies are not universally known. Acorn Fund and
Acorn International thus generally concentrate on that segment of the market
where the competition is less intense--companies with a total common stock mar-
ket capitalization of less than $1 billion. WAM wants to be able to understand
any company in which Acorn invests, and smaller companies are easier to compre-
hend than large firms or conglomerates. When a company develops into a multi-
industry giant, it is dif-
23 PROSPECTUS
<PAGE>
THE FUNDS IN DETAIL - CONTINUED
ficult for even the top management of the company to understand its own busi-
ness and even harder for an outsider to follow such widespread activities.
Since WAM insists on understanding Acorn's investments, WAM talks to top man-
agement directly whenever possible. That is easier to do with smaller firms.
LOOKING FOR HIGH QUALITY COMPANIES. The funds look for quality businesses, with
each investment ideally resting on a solid tripod of growth potential, finan-
cial strength, and fundamental value. Not all of the companies in which the
funds invest necessarily have all of these characteristics.
The sources of growth are a growing marketplace for the company's product, good
design, efficient manufacturing, sound marketing, and good profit margins. Fi-
nancial strength means low debt, adequate working capital, and conservative ac-
counting principles. Strong capitalization gives management the stability and
flexibility to reach strategic objectives. In economies with less well-devel-
oped capital markets than those of the U.S., a strong balance sheet is an es-
sential component of competitive advantage. Fundamental value means low rela-
tive price. The existence of a good company does not necessarily make its stock
a good buy. The price of the stock determines value as measured relative to
dividends, earnings, growth rate, book value, and economic replacement value of
assets. The emphasis on fundamentals in relation to price sets Acorn Fund and
Acorn International apart from pure "growth" or "value" funds.
WAM also believes that finding and understanding high quality companies is im-
portant because investing in smaller companies involves relatively higher in-
vestment costs. One way to reduce these costs is to invest with a long-term
time horizon (at least 3-5 years) and to avoid frequent turnover of the stocks
held by the funds. Occasionally, however, securities purchased on a long-term
basis may be sold within 12 months after purchase in light of a change in the
circumstances of a particular company or industry, or in general market or eco-
nomic conditions.
INVESTMENT THEMES. To find long-term investments and reduce portfolio turnover,
the funds seek out areas of the economy that they believe will benefit from fa-
vorable long-term economic and political trends. These areas of emphasis may
change from time to time, and are usually related to identified investment
themes or market niches. A small company frequently can carve out a specialized
niche for itself. The niche can be geographic, like that of a regional bank,
utility, or railroad. It can be technological, based on patents and know-how.
Sometimes the niche is a marketing technique. In international investing, the
niche can be participation in a fast-growth economy. A
PROSPECTUS 24
<PAGE>
well-run business in a growing country has an easier path to a high growth
rate. The most important single theme at this time is the information group
(including communications, media, electronics, and computer systems and soft-
ware).
The funds invest primarily in equity securities, including common and pre-
ferred stocks, warrants or other similar rights, and convertible securities.
The funds may purchase foreign securities in the form of American Depository
Receipts (ADRs), European Depository Receipts (EDRs), or other securities rep-
resenting underlying shares of foreign issuers. The funds may also invest in
any other type of security, including debt securities.
Under normal market conditions, Acorn International invests at least 75% of
its total assets, taken at market value, in foreign securities. Acorn Fund's
investments in foreign securities are limited to no more than one-third of its
total assets. The foreign securities in which the funds invest may be traded
in mature markets (for example, Japan, Canada, and the United Kingdom) and in
emerging markets (Mexico and Indonesia, for example), examples of which are
included in the SAI under "Investment Techniques and Risks--Foreign Securi-
ties." There are no limits on either fund's geographic asset distribution; at
December 31, 1994 Acorn International had investments in 43 countries and
Acorn Fund had investments in 37 countries.
The funds may invest without limit in corporate or government obligations or
hold cash or cash equivalents if WAM determines that a temporary defensive po-
sition is advisable. If investments in foreign securities appear to be rela-
tively unattractive because of current or anticipated adverse political or
economic conditions, Acorn International may hold cash or invest any portion
of its assets in securities of the U.S. government and equity and debt securi-
ties of U.S. companies, as a temporary defensive strategy. The funds use vari-
ous techniques to increase or decrease their exposure to the effects of possi-
ble changes in security prices, currency exchange rates, or other factors that
affect the value of a fund's portfolio. These techniques include buying and
selling options, futures contracts, or options on futures contracts, or enter-
ing into currency exchange contracts or swap agreements.
The investment objective of either Acorn Fund or Acorn International may be
changed by the board of trustees without shareholder approval. If there were
such a change, you should consider whether that fund would remain an appropri-
ate investment in light of your then current financial position and needs. The
funds are not intended, alone or together, to present a balanced investment
program.
25 PROSPECTUS
<PAGE>
THE FUNDS IN DETAIL - CONTINUED
SECURITIES, INVESTMENT PRACTICES, AND RISKS
The following pages contain more detailed information about types of invest-
ments the funds may make, and strategies WAM may employ in pursuit of each
fund's investment objective, including information about the associated risks
and restrictions. All policies stated throughout this prospectus, other than
those identified as fundamental, can be changed without shareholder approval. A
complete statement of each fund's investment restrictions is included in the
SAI. Policies and limitations are considered at the time of purchase; the sale
of instruments is not required because of a subsequent change in circumstances.
WAM may not buy all of these instruments or use all of these techniques to the
full extent permitted unless it believes that doing so will help a fund achieve
its goal.
Common stocks represent an equity (ownership) interest in a corporation. This
ownership interest often gives a fund the right to vote on measures affecting
the company's organization and operations. Although common stocks have a his-
tory of long-term growth in value, their prices tend to fluctuate in the short
term.
Acorn Fund and Acorn International invest mostly in the securities of smaller
companies, that is, companies with a total market capitalization of less than
$1 billion. During some periods, the securities of small companies, as a class,
have performed better than the securities of large companies, and in some peri-
ods they have performed worse. Stocks of small companies tend to be more vola-
tile and less liquid than stocks of large companies. Small companies, as com-
pared to larger companies, may have a shorter history of operations, may not
have as great an ability to raise additional capital, may have a less diversi-
fied product line making them susceptible to market pressure, and may have a
smaller public market for their shares.
Restrictions: Neither fund may acquire securities of any one issuer which at
the time of investment (a) represent more than 10% of the voting securities of
the issuer or (b) have a value greater than 10% of the value of the outstanding
securities of the issuer.*
FOREIGN SECURITIES
International investing allows you to achieve greater diversification and to
take advantage of changes in foreign economies and market conditions. From time
to time, many foreign economies have grown faster than the U.S. economy, and
the returns on investments in these countries have ex-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*These restrictions are "fundamental," which means that they cannot be changed
without shareholder approval.
PROSPECTUS 26
<PAGE>
ceeded those of similar U.S. investments, although there can be no assurance
that these conditions will continue.
Investments in foreign securities provide opportunities different from those
available in the U.S., and risks which in some ways may be greater than in U.S.
investments, including: fluctuations in exchange rates of foreign currencies;
imposition of exchange control regulations or currency restrictions that would
prevent cash from being brought back to the United States; less public informa-
tion with respect to issuers of securities; less governmental supervision of
stock exchanges, securities brokers, and issuers of securities; different ac-
counting, auditing, and financial reporting standards; different settlement pe-
riods and trading practices; less liquidity, frequently greater price volatili-
ty, and higher transaction costs in foreign markets than in the United States;
imposition of foreign taxes; and sometimes less advantageous legal, operation-
al, and financial protections applicable to foreign sub-custodial arrangements.
Investing in countries outside the U.S. also involves political risk. A foreign
government might restrict investments by foreigners, expropriate assets, seize
or nationalize foreign bank deposits or other assets, establish exchange con-
trols, or enact other policies that could affect investment in these nations.
Economies in individual markets may differ favorably or unfavorably from the
U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rates of in-
flation, currency depreciation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency
and balance of payments positions. Many emerging market countries have
experienced extremely high rates of inflation for many years. That has had and
may continue to have very negative effects on the economies and securities mar-
kets of those countries.
The securities markets of emerging countries are substantially smaller, less
developed, less liquid, and more volatile than the securities markets of the
United States and other more developed countries. Disclosure and regulatory
standards in many respects are less stringent than in the U.S. There also may
be a lower level of monitoring and regulation in emerging markets of traders,
insiders, and investors. Enforcement of existing regulations has been extremely
limited.
The funds may invest in ADRs that are not sponsored by the issuer of the under-
lying security. To the extent a fund does so, it would probably bear its pro-
portionate share of the expenses of the depository and might have greater dif-
ficulty in receiving copies of the issuer's share-
27 PROSPECTUS
<PAGE>
THE FUNDS IN DETAIL - CONTINUED
holder communications than would be the case with a sponsored ADR.
The funds may invest in securities purchased on a when-issued and delayed de-
livery basis. Although the payment terms of these securities are established at
the time a fund enters into the commitment, the securities may be delivered and
paid for a month or more after the date of purchase, when their value may have
changed. A fund will make such commitments only with the intention of actually
acquiring the securities, but may sell the securities before settlement date if
WAM considers it advisable for investment reasons.
Restrictions. Under normal market conditions, Acorn International invests at
least 75% of its total assets in foreign securities. Acorn Fund's investments
in foreign securities are limited to not more than 33% of its total assets.
MANAGING INVESTMENT EXPOSURE
The funds use various techniques to increase or decrease their exposure to the
effects of possible changes in security prices, currency exchange rates or
other factors that affect the value of the funds' portfolios. These techniques
include buying and selling options, futures contracts, or options on futures
contracts, or entering into currency exchange contracts or swap agreements.
These techniques are used by WAM to adjust the risk and return characteristics
of the funds' portfolios. If WAM judges market conditions incorrectly or em-
ploys a strategy that does not correlate well with a fund's investments, or if
the counterparty to the transaction does not perform as promised, the transac-
tion could result in a loss. Use of these techniques may increase the volatil-
ity of a fund and may involve a small investment of cash relative to the magni-
tude of the risk assumed. These techniques are used by the funds for hedging,
risk management or portfolio management purposes and not for speculation.
CURRENCY EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS. A currency exchange transaction may be con-
ducted either on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the spot rate for purchasing or
selling currency prevailing in the foreign exchange market or through a forward
currency exchange contract ("forward contract"). A forward contract is an
agreement to purchase or sell a specified currency at a specified future date
(or within a specified time period) and price set at the time of the contract.
Forward contracts are usually entered into with banks and broker-dealers, are
not exchange-traded and are usually for less than one year, but may be renewed.
Currency exchange transactions may involve currencies of the different coun-
tries in which the funds may invest, and serve as hedges against possible vari-
ations in the ex-
PROSPECTUS 28
<PAGE>
change rate between these currencies. The funds' currency transactions are
limited to TRANSACTION HEDGING and PORTFOLIO HEDGING involving either specific
transactions or actual or anticipated portfolio positions. Transaction hedging
is the purchase or sale of a forward contract with respect to a specific re-
ceivable or payable of a fund accruing in connection with the purchase or sale
of portfolio securities. Portfolio hedging is the use of a forward contract
with respect to an actual or anticipated portfolio security position denomi-
nated or quoted in a particular currency. The funds may engage in portfolio
hedging with respect to the currency of a particular country in amounts ap-
proximating actual or anticipated positions in securities denominated in that
currency. When a fund owns or anticipates owning securities in countries whose
currencies are linked, WAM may aggregate those positions as to the currency
hedged. Although forward contracts may be used to protect a fund from adverse
currency movements, the use of such hedges may reduce or eliminate the poten-
tially positive effect of currency revaluations on that fund's total return.
OPTIONS AND FUTURES. Each fund may enter into stock index or currency futures
contracts (or options thereon) to hedge a portion of that fund's portfolio, to
provide an efficient means of regulating the fund's exposure to the equity
markets, or as a hedge against changes in prevailing levels of currency ex-
change rates. Each fund may write covered call options and purchase put and
call options on foreign currencies, securities, and stock indices. Futures
contracts and options can be highly volatile. A fund's attempt to use such in-
vestments for hedging purposes may not be successful and could result in
reduction of that fund's total return.
Restrictions. A fund will not use futures contracts for speculation, and will
limit its use of futures contracts so that no more than 5% of that fund's to-
tal assets would be committed to initial margin deposits or premiums on such
contracts. The aggregate market value of each fund's currencies or portfolio
securities covering call or put options will not exceed 10% of that fund's net
assets.
DEBT SECURITIES
Bonds and other debt instruments are methods for an issuer to borrow money
from investors. The issuer pays the investor a fixed or variable rate of in-
terest, and must repay the amount borrowed at maturity. Debt securities have
varying degrees of quality and varying levels of sensitivity to changes in in-
terest rates.
"Investment grade" debt securities are those rated within the four highest
ratings categories of Standard & Poor's Corporation ("S&P") or
29 PROSPECTUS
<PAGE>
THE FUNDS IN DETAIL - CONTINUED
Moody's Investors Services, Inc. ("Moody's") or, if unrated, determined by WAM
to be of comparable quality. Securities rated BBB or Baa are considered to be
medium grade and to have speculative characteristics. Investment in non-in-
vestment grade debt securities is speculative and involves a high degree of
risk.
Lower-rated debt securities (commonly called "junk bonds") are often consid-
ered speculative and involve greater risk of default or price changes due to
changes in the issuer's credit-worthiness. The market prices of these securi-
ties may fluctuate more than higher-rated securities and may decline signifi-
cantly in periods of general economic difficulty.
MONEY MARKET INSTRUMENTS are high-quality, short-term debt securities that
present minimal credit risk. These instruments may carry fixed or variable in-
terest rates.
Restrictions: There are no restrictions on the ratings of debt securities in
which either fund may invest. Acorn Fund does not intend to invest more than
5% of its net assets in securities rated at or lower than the lowest invest-
ment grade. Acorn International will not invest more than 20% of its total as-
sets in debt securities that are of below investment grade quality.
Acorn Fund may invest without limit in corporate or government obligations, or
hold cash or cash equivalents if WAM determines that a temporary defensive po-
sition is advisable. If investments in foreign securities appear to be rela-
tively unattractive because of current or anticipated adverse political or
economic conditions, Acorn International may hold cash or invest any portion
of its assets in securities of the U.S. government and equity and debt securi-
ties of U.S. companies, as a temporary defensive strategy. To meet liquidity
needs (which, under normal market conditions, are not expected to exceed 25%
of its total assets) or for temporary defensive purposes, each fund may hold
cash in domestic and foreign currencies and may invest in domestic and foreign
money market securities.
ILLIQUID AND RESTRICTED
SECURITIES
Some investments may be determined by WAM to be illiquid, which means that
they may be difficult to sell promptly at an acceptable price. Other securi-
ties, such as securities acquired in private placements, may be sold only pur-
suant to certain legal restrictions. Difficulty in selling securities may re-
sult in delays or a loss, or may be costly to the fund.
Restrictions. Acorn Fund may not purchase a security if, as a result, more
than 10% of its assets would be invested in illiquid or restricted securities.
Acorn International is
PROSPECTUS 30
<PAGE>
similarly restricted with respect to 15% of its assets.*
DIVERSIFICATION
Diversifying the funds' investment portfolios can reduce the risks of invest-
ing. This may include limiting the amount of money invested in
any one company or, on a broader scale, limiting the amount invested in any one
industry or country.
Restrictions. Acorn Fund may not invest more than 5% of its total assets in the
securities of any one issuer. Acorn International is similarly limited with re-
spect to 75% of its total assets. Neither fund may invest more than 25% of its
total assets in any one industry. These limitations do not apply to U.S. gov-
ernment securities.*
OTHER INVESTMENT COMPANIES
Certain markets are closed in whole or in part to equity investments by for-
eigners. The funds may be able to invest in such markets solely or primarily
through governmentally- authorized investment companies.
Investment in another investment company may involve the payment of a premium
above the value of the issuer's portfolio securities, and is subject to market
availability. In the case of a purchase of shares of such a company in a public
offering, the purchase price may include an underwriting spread. The funds do
not intend to invest in such circumstances unless, in the judgment of WAM, the
potential benefits of such investment justify the payment of any applicable
premium or sales charge. As a shareholder in an investment company, a fund
would bear its ratable share of that investment company's expenses, including
its advisory and administration fees. At the same time the fund would continue
to pay its own management fees and other expenses.
Restrictions. A fund generally may invest up to 10% of its assets in shares of
other investment companies and up to 5% of its assets in any one investment
company (in each case measured at the time of investment). No investment in an-
other investment company may represent more than 3% of the outstanding voting
stock of the acquired investment company at the time of investment.
OTHER SECURITIES
The funds have the power to invest in repurchase agreements and reverse repur-
chase agreements, but have no present intention of doing so.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*These restrictions are fundamental.
31 PROSPECTUS
<PAGE>
HOW TO CONTACT US
MAIL
LOGO
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
State Street Bank & Trust . for regular mail delivery, including
Co. purchases, written exchanges, redemptions,
Attn: Acorn Funds and IRA contributions
P.O. Box 8502
Boston, MA 02266-8502
Boston Financial Data . for overnight deliveries of purchases,
Service written exchanges, redemptions, or IRA
Attn: Acorn Funds contributions
2 Heritage Drive
N. Quincy, MA 02171
Wanger Asset Management, L.P. . the funds and their advisor
227 W. Monroe St., Suite 3000
Chicago, IL 60606-5016
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PHONE
LOGO
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1-800-9-ACORN-9 . for fund information, account balances,
(1-800-922-6769) literature, prices, and performance
information (from outside the U.S. 1-312-634-
9240)
1-800-962-1585 . for telephone purchases, exchanges and
redemptions, and for IRA information (from
outside the U.S. 1-617-774-5000 ext. 6457)
1-800-221-3079 . to exchange OUT OF a money fund
1-800-306-4567 . TDD service for the deaf and hearing impaired
Customer service is available on business days from 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
Chicago (central) time.
Telephone requests for purchases, redemptions or exchanges from Acorn or Acorn
International must be made by 3:00 p.m. Chicago (central) time.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WIRE
LOGO
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
State Street Bank and Trust Co. . to wire money from your bank to add to an
Attn: Mutual Funds EXISTING account
Boston, MA 02110
Routing #0110-0002-8
Deposit DDA 9902-990-2
Specify the name of the
fund and the name and the
number on your account
32 PROSPECTUS
<PAGE>
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acorn Investment Trust P.O. Box 8502 [LOGO]
Boston, MA 02266-8502
Application
It takes only a few moments to fill out this simple step-by-step application. If
you have questions, call us at 1-800-9-ACORN-9 (1-800-922-6769), weekdays,
8:00am--4:30pm, Chicago (Central) time. Please be sure to print your information
on this application, then simply sign and return it to us in the postage-paid
envelope we've provided.
(Please do not use this form if you are opening an IRA.)
YOUR ACCOUNT REGISTRATION
___ __ ____
Social Security Number (Use minor's social security number for
gifts/transfers to minors) or
__ _______
Taxpayer ID Number
- ---------------------------------------
Your current Acorn Fund account number
- ---------------------------------------
Your current Acorn International account number
================================================================================
____ Individual or Joint* Account
- ----------------------------------------------- ---------
Owner's name: first, middle initial, last Birthdate
- ----------------------------------------------- ---------
Joint owner's name: first, middle initial, last Birthdate
*Joint tenants with right of survivorship, unless you indicate otherwise.
================================================================================
____ Gift/Transfer to a Minor (ugma/utma)
_______________________________________________ as custodian for
Custodian's name: first, middle initial, last
_______________________________________________ under the
Minor's name: first, middle initial, last
____________________________ Uniform Gifts/Transfers to Minors Act.
State
____________________________
Minor's Date of Birth
================================================================================
____ Trust or Established Employee Benefit
or Profit-Sharing Plan
________________________________________ as trustee of
Trustee('s) name(s)
______________________________________________________
Name of Trust Agreement
______________________________________________________
Date of Trust Agreement
Please include copy of first page and last page of trust agreement.
================================================================================
____ Corporation or Other Entity
_______________________________________________________________________
Name of corporation or other entity
_______________________________________________________________________
Type of entity (for example, corporation, partnership, non-profit)
Please attach a certified copy of your corporate resolution showing
the person(s) authorized to act on this account.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ADDRESS
- ------------------------------------------
Street or P.O. Box
- ------------------------------------------
City, State, Zip Code
- ------------------------------------------
Daytime phone, including area code
____ U.S. Citizen ____ Non-citizen residing in U.S.
To invest, you must be a U.S. citizen (or a non-citizen residing in the U.S.)
with a social security or tax identification number.
================================================================================
CHOOSE YOUR INVESTMENTS
There is an initial investment minimum of $1,000 per Fund.
____ Acorn Fund $______________________
____ Acorn International $______________________
Total Investment $______________________
Make check(s) payable to Acorn Fund or Acorn International.
Although the funds are currently closed to new investors,
current shareholders may continue to invest.
================================================================================
DIVIDEND/CAPITAL GAINS PAYMENT OPTIONS
Please choose how you want to receive your income dividends and capital gains.
If no option is checked, all dividends and capital gains will be reinvested
automatically. (Check one box.)
____ Reinvest dividends and capital gains to help keep my
account growing.
____ Pay dividends and capital gains in cash.
____ Pay dividends in cash; reinvest capital gains.
================================================================================
DUPLICATE STATEMENTS
____ Send duplicate statements for my account to:
_____________________________________________________
Name
_____________________________________________________
Street or P.O. Box
_____________________________________________________
City, State, Zip Code
(More on the back.)
<PAGE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTOMATIC INVESTMENT PLAN
To keep building your investments, you can easily add to your fund accounts by
joining the automatic investment plan:
____ Automatic Investment Plan: to add to your Acorn account
automatically
____ Acorn Fund $_________________________
____ monthly ____ quarterly (check only one box)
____ Acorn International $_________________________
____ monthly ____ quarterly (check only one box)
The minimum automatic investment is $100; the maximum is $50,000. Write "void"
across the face of a check from the bank account you will be using, then send
the check with this form.
================================================================================
BANK TRANSFER OPTIONS
To make transactions fast and easy, choose the Telephone Purchase Plan,
Telephone Redemption by Wire Plan, or both. It takes about 10 days to set up
these plans.
____ Telephone Purchase Plan: to add to your Acorn account
or Acorn International account by transferring money from
your bank checking account ($100 minimum, $50,000
maximum per transfer.)
____ Telephone Redemptions by Wire: to redeem shares and
transfer the money to your bank checking account ($1,000
minimum, $50,000 maximum per transaction.)
Telephone requests for purchases or redemptions must be made by 3:00 p.m.
Chicago (central) time.
Write "void" across the face of a check from the bank account you will be using,
then send the check with this form.
================================================================================
TELEPHONE PLANS
You automatically have the ability to exchange and redeem shares by telephone
unless you check the boxes below. Proceeds of telephone redemption requests are
paid by check mailed to the address of record and may not be more than $50,000.
Exchanges must be between identically-registered accounts and requested by 3:00
p.m. Chicago (central) time. See the prospectus for details.
I do not want: ____ telephone exchanges
____ telephone redemptions
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SIGNATURE
By signing this form, I certify that:
I am of legal age, have received and read the Prospectus, and agree to its
terms. I understand that each of the account services, including the telephone
exchange plan, may be terminated or modified by Acorn in the future.
Under penalty of perjury, the Social Security or Tax Identification Number given
is correct. If I fail to give the correct number or sign this form, Acorn Fund
or Acorn International may reject, restrict, or redeem my investment. I may also
be subject to IRS backup withholding on all distributions and redemptions, as
described in the Prospectus.
I authorize Acorn Fund, Acorn International, and their affiliates and agents to
act on any instructions reasonably believed to be genuine for any service
authorized on this form (including telephone transactions). I agree that they
will not be liable for any resulting loss or expense. I certify that I have read
the explanations of and agree to the terms and provisions for the services I
have elected as set forth in the current prospectus of Acorn Fund and Acorn
International, as amended from time to time.
(If you have elected the Automatic Investment Plan or any Bank Transfer Option)
I authorize Acorn Fund, Acorn International and their affiliates and agents to
initiate (1) credit entries (deposits) (if I have elected the telephone
redemption bank transfer option), (2) debit entries (withdrawals) (if I have
elected to participate in the Automatic Investment Plan or telephone purchase
Bank Transfer Option), and (3) debit or credit entries and adjustments for any
entries made in error to my bank account, for which I have attached a voided
check. This authorization will remain effective until I notify Acorn in writing
or by telephone at 1-800-962-1585 of its termination and until Acorn has a
reasonable time to act on that termination.
Under penalty of perjury, I am NOT currently subject to backup withholding for
failure to report dividend or interest income to the IRS. (Please cross out
"NOT" if you are currently subject to withholding.)
Please sign here.
(Joint accounts require both signatures.)
X
- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -----------
Signature (Sign exactly as name appears in Account Registration) Date
X
- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -----------
Signature (Sign exactly as name appears in Account Registration) Date
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acorn Investment Trust P.O. Box 8502 [LOGO]
Boston, MA 02266-8502
<PAGE>
Acorn Investment Trust
P.O. Box 8502
Boston, MA 02266-8502
<PAGE>
ACORN INVESTMENT TRUST
STATEMENT OF
ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
May 1, 1995
Supplemented February 27, 1996
227 West Monroe Street
Chicago, Illinois 60606
Telephone 1-800-9-ACORN-9
1-800-922-6769
ACORN FUND
ACORN INTERNATIONAL
No-Load Funds
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
-----------------
Page
----
<S> <C>
Information About the Funds.................. 2
Investment Objectives and Policies........... 2
Investment Techniques and Risks.............. 2
Investment Restrictions...................... 16
Performance Information...................... 20
Investment Adviser........................... 21
Distributor.................................. 22
The Trust.................................... 22
Trustees and Officers........................ 23
Purchasing and Redeeming Shares.............. 26
Additional Tax Information................... 27
Taxation of Foreign Shareholders............. 28
Portfolio Transactions....................... 28
Custodian.................................... 29
Independent Auditors......................... 30
Appendix - Description of Bond Ratings....... 30
</TABLE>
This Statement of Additional Information ("SAI") is not a prospectus but
provides information that should be read in conjunction with the prospectus of
ACORN FUND and ACORN INTERNATIONAL dated May 1, 1995 and any supplement thereto,
which may be obtained from Acorn at no charge by writing or telephoning Acorn at
its address or telephone number shown above.
<PAGE>
INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS
ACORN FUND and ACORN INTERNATIONAL are series of Acorn Investment Trust
("Acorn" or the "Trust"). Both funds are currently closed to new investors,
except as noted under "Your Account - Are You Eligible to Invest?" in the
prospectus.
The 1994 annual report of each of the funds, copies of which accompany this
SAI, contain financial statements, notes thereto, supplementary information
entitled "Financial Highlights," and a report of independent auditors, all of
which (but no other part of the annual reports) are incorporated herein by
reference. Additional copies of the annual reports may be obtained from Acorn
at no charge by writing or telephoning Acorn at its address or telephone number
shown on the cover page of this SAI.
The discussion below supplements the description in the prospectus of the
funds' investment objectives, policies, and restrictions.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
ACORN FUND and ACORN INTERNATIONAL invest with the objective of long-term
growth of capital. Although income is considered by ACORN FUND in the selection
of securities, the funds are not designed for investors seeking primarily income
rather than capital appreciation.
The funds use the techniques and invest in the types of securities
described below and in the prospectus.
INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES AND RISKS
FOREIGN SECURITIES
The funds invest in foreign securities, which may entail a greater degree
of risk (including risks relating to exchange rate fluctuations, tax provisions,
or expropriation of assets) than does investment in securities of domestic
issuers. The funds may invest in securities of foreign issuers directly or in
the form of American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), European Depositary Receipts
(EDRs), or other securities representing underlying shares of foreign issuers.
Positions in these securities are not necessarily denominated in the same
currency as the common stocks into which they may be converted. ADRs are
receipts typically issued by an American bank or trust company evidencing
ownership of the underlying securities. EDRs are European receipts evidencing a
similar arrangement. Generally ADRs, in registered form, are designed for use
in the U.S. securities markets and EDRs, in bearer form, are designed for use in
European securities markets. The funds may invest in both "sponsored" and
"unsponsored" ADRs. In a sponsored ADR, the issuer typically pays some or all
of the expenses of the depository and agrees to provide its regular shareholder
communications to ADR holders. An unsponsored ADR is created independently of
the issuer of the underlying security. The ADR holders generally pay the
expenses of the depository and do not have an undertaking from the issuer of the
underlying security to furnish shareholder communications. Neither fund expects
to invest 5% or more of its total assets in unsponsored ADRs.
2
<PAGE>
The funds' investment performance is affected by the strength or weakness
of the U.S. dollar against the currencies of the foreign markets in which its
securities trade or in which they are denominated. For example, if the dollar
falls in value relative to the Japanese yen, the dollar value of a yen-
denominated stock held in the portfolio will rise even though the price of the
stock remains unchanged. Conversely, if the dollar rises in value relative to
the yen, the dollar value of the yen-denominated stock will fall. (See
discussion of transaction hedging and portfolio hedging under "Foreign Currency
Exchange Transactions.")
Investors should understand and consider carefully the risks involved in
foreign investing. Investing in foreign securities, positions in which are
generally denominated in foreign currencies, and utilization of forward foreign
currency exchange contracts involve risks and opportunities not typically
associated with investing in U.S. securities. These considerations include:
fluctuations in exchange rates of foreign currencies; possible imposition of
exchange control regulation or currency restrictions that would prevent cash
from being brought back to the United States; less public information with
respect to issuers of securities; less governmental supervision of stock
exchanges, securities brokers, and issuers of securities; different accounting,
auditing, and financial reporting standards; different settlement periods and
trading practices; less liquidity and frequently greater price volatility in
foreign markets than in the United States; imposition of foreign taxes; and
sometimes less advantageous legal, operational, and financial protections
applicable to foreign sub-custodial arrangements.
Although the funds try to invest in companies and governments of countries
having stable political environments, there is the possibility of expropriation
or confiscatory taxation, seizure or nationalization of foreign bank deposits or
other assets, establishment of exchange controls, the adoption of foreign
government restrictions, or other adverse political, social, or diplomatic
developments that could affect investment in these nations.
The countries in which the funds invest include those listed below. A fund
may not invest in all the countries listed, and it may invest in other countries
as well, when such investments are consistent with that fund's investment
objective and policies.
MATURE MARKETS DEVELOPING MARKETS EMERGING MARKETS
- -------------- ------------------ ----------------
Australia Argentina Bangladesh Jordan
Austria Chile Bolivia Morocco
Belgium Greece Brazil Nigeria
Canada Hong Kong China Pakistan
Denmark Indonesia Colombia Peru
Finland Israel Cyprus Philippines
France Malaysia Czech Republic Poland
Germany Mexico Ecuador Sri Lanka
Ireland Portugal Egypt Turkey
Italy Singapore Hungary Uruguay
Japan Taiwan India Venezuela
Luxembourg Thailand Jamaica Vietnam
Netherlands Kenya Zimbabwe
New Zealand
Norway
South Africa
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
United States
3
<PAGE>
It may not be feasible for the funds currently to invest in all of these
countries due to restricted access to their securities markets or inability to
implement satisfactory custodial arrangements.
CURRENCY EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS.
The funds may enter into currency exchange transactions. A currency
exchange transaction may be conducted either on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the
spot rate for purchasing or selling currency prevailing in the foreign exchange
market or through a forward currency exchange contract ("forward contract"). A
forward contract is an agreement to purchase or sell a specified currency at a
specified future date (or within a specified time period) and price set at the
time of the contract. Forward contracts are usually entered into with banks and
broker-dealers, are not exchange traded, and are usually for less than one year,
but may be renewed.
Forward currency transactions may involve currencies of the different
countries in which the funds may invest, and serve as hedges against possible
variations in the exchange rate between these currencies. The funds' currency
transactions are limited to transaction hedging and portfolio hedging involving
either specific transactions or portfolio positions, except to the extent
described below under "Synthetic Foreign Money Market Positions." Transaction
hedging is the purchase or sale of a forward contract with respect to specific
payables or receivables of a fund accruing in connection with the purchase or
sale of portfolio securities. Portfolio hedging is the use of a forward
contract with respect to a portfolio security position denominated or quoted in
a particular currency. The funds may engage in portfolio hedging with respect
to the currency of a particular country in amounts approximating actual or
anticipated positions in securities denominated in that currency. When either
fund owns or anticipates owning securities in countries whose currencies are
linked, WAM may aggregate such positions as to the currency hedged.
If a fund enters into a forward contract hedging an anticipated purchase of
portfolio securities, liquid assets of that fund, such as cash, U.S. government
securities, or other liquid high grade debt obligations, having a value at least
as great as the fund's commitment under such forward contract will be segregated
on the books of the fund and held by the custodian while the contract is
outstanding.
At the maturity of a forward contract to deliver a particular currency, a
fund may either sell the portfolio security related to such contract and make
delivery of the currency, or it may retain the security and either acquire the
currency on the spot market or terminate its contractual obligation to deliver
the currency by purchasing an offsetting contract with the same currency trader
obligating it to purchase on the same maturity date the same amount of the
currency.
It is impossible to forecast with absolute precision the market value of
portfolio securities at the expiration of a forward contract. Accordingly, it
may be necessary for a fund to purchase additional currency on the spot market
(and bear the expense of such purchase) if the market value of the security is
less than the amount of currency that the fund is obligated to deliver and if a
decision is made to sell the security and make delivery of the currency.
Conversely, it may
4
<PAGE>
be necessary to sell on the spot market some of the currency received upon the
sale of the portfolio security if its market value exceeds the amount of
currency that fund is obligated to deliver.
If a fund retains the portfolio security and engages in an offsetting
transaction, that fund will incur a gain or a loss to the extent that there has
been movement in forward contract prices. If the fund engages in an offsetting
transaction, it may subsequently enter into a new forward contract to sell the
currency. Should forward prices decline during the period between a fund's
entering into a forward contract for the sale of a currency and the date it
enters into an offsetting contract for the purchase of the currency, the fund
will realize a gain to the extent the price of the currency it has agreed to
sell exceeds the price of the currency it has agreed to purchase. Should
forward prices increase, a fund will suffer a loss to the extent the price of
the currency it has agreed to purchase exceeds the price of the currency it has
agreed to sell. A default on the contract would deprive the fund of unrealized
profits or force the fund to cover its commitments for purchase or sale of
currency, if any, at the current market price.
Hedging against a decline in the value of a currency does not eliminate
fluctuations in the prices of portfolio securities or prevent losses if the
prices of such securities decline. Such transactions also preclude the
opportunity for gain if the value of the hedged currency should rise. Moreover,
it may not be possible for a fund to hedge against a devaluation that is so
generally anticipated that the fund is not able to contract to sell the currency
at a price above the devaluation level it anticipates. The cost to a fund of
engaging in currency exchange transactions varies with such factors as the
currency involved, the length of the contract period, and prevailing market
conditions. Since currency exchange transactions are usually conducted on a
principal basis, no fees or commissions are involved.
SYNTHETIC FOREIGN MONEY MARKET POSITIONS. The funds may invest in money
market instruments denominated in foreign currencies. In addition to, or in
lieu of, such direct investment, the funds may construct a synthetic foreign
money market position by (a) purchasing a money market instrument denominated in
one currency, generally U.S. dollars, and (b) concurrently entering into a
forward contract to deliver a corresponding amount of that currency in exchange
for a different currency on a future date and at a specified rate of exchange.
For example, a synthetic money market position in Japanese yen could be
constructed by purchasing a U.S. dollar money market instrument, and entering
concurrently into a forward contract to deliver a corresponding amount of U.S.
dollars in exchange for Japanese yen on a specified date and at a specified rate
of exchange. Because of the availability of a variety of highly liquid short-
term U.S. dollar money market instruments, a synthetic money market position
utilizing such U.S. dollar instruments may offer greater liquidity than direct
investment in foreign money market instruments. The results of a direct
investment in a foreign currency and a concurrent construction of a synthetic
position in such foreign currency, in terms of both income yield and gain or
loss from changes in currency exchange rates, in general should be similar, but
would not be identical because the components of the alternative investments
would not be identical. Except to the extent a synthetic foreign money market
position consists of a money market instrument denominated in a foreign
currency, the synthetic foreign money market position shall not be deemed a
"foreign security" for purposes of the policies that, under normal conditions,
(a) ACORN FUND will not invest more than 33% of its total assets in foreign
securities, and (b)
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ACORN INTERNATIONAL will invest at least 75% of its total assets in foreign
securities.
OPTIONS AND FUTURES
The funds may purchase and write both call options and put options on
securities and on indexes, and enter into interest rate and index futures
contracts, and may purchase or sell options on such futures contracts ("futures
options") in order to provide additional revenue, or to hedge against changes in
security prices or interest rates. The funds may also use other types of
options, futures contracts and futures options currently traded or subsequently
developed and traded, provided the board of trustees determines that their use
is consistent with the funds' investment objective.
OPTIONS. An option on a security (or index) is a contract that gives the
purchaser (holder) of the option, in return for a premium, the right to buy from
(call) or sell to (put) the seller (writer) of the option the security
underlying the option (or the cash value of the index) at a specified exercise
price at any time during the term of the option (normally not exceeding nine
months). The writer of an option on an individual security or on a foreign
currency has the obligation upon exercise of the option to deliver the
underlying security or foreign currency upon payment of the exercise price or to
pay the exercise price upon delivery of the underlying security or foreign
currency. Upon exercise, the writer of an option on an index is obligated to
pay the difference between the cash value of the index and the exercise price
multiplied by the specified multiplier for the index option. (An index is
designed to reflect specified facets of a particular financial or securities
market, a specific group of financial instruments or securities, or certain
economic indicators.)
The funds will write call options and put options only if they are
"covered." For example, in the case of a call option on a security, the option
is "covered" if a fund owns the security underlying the call or has an absolute
and immediate right to acquire that security without additional cash
consideration (or, if additional cash consideration is required, cash or cash
equivalents in such amount are held in a segregated account by its custodian)
upon conversion or exchange of other securities held in its portfolio.
If an option written by a fund expires, that fund realizes a capital gain
equal to the premium received at the time the option was written. If an option
purchased by a fund expires, that fund realizes a capital loss equal to the
premium paid.
Prior to the earlier of exercise or expiration, an option may be closed out
by an offsetting purchase or sale of an option of the same series (type,
exchange, underlying security or index, exercise price and expiration). There
can be no assurance, however, that a closing purchase or sale transaction can be
effected when a fund desires.
A fund will realize a capital gain from a closing purchase transaction if
the cost of the closing option is less than the premium received from writing
the option, or, if it is more, the fund will realize a capital loss. If the
premium received from a closing sale transaction is more than the premium paid
to purchase the option, the fund will realize a capital gain or, if it is less,
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the fund will realize a capital loss. The principal factors affecting the
market value of a put or a call option include supply and demand, interest
rates, the current market price of the underlying security or index in relation
to the exercise price of the option, the volatility of the underlying security
or index, and the time remaining until the expiration date.
A put or call option purchased by a fund is an asset of that fund, valued
initially at the premium paid for the option. The premium received for an
option written by a fund is recorded as a deferred credit. The value of an
option purchased or written is marked-to-market daily and is valued at the
closing price on the exchange on which it is traded or, if not traded on an
exchange or no closing price is available, at the mean between the last bid and
asked prices.
OTC DERIVATIVES. The Fund may buy and sell over-the-counter ("OTC")
derivatives. Unlike exchange-traded derivatives, which are standardized with
respect to the underlying instrument, expiration date, contract size, and strike
price, the terms of OTC derivatives (derivatives not traded on exchanges)
generally are established through negotiation with the other party to the
contract. While this type of arrangement allows the Fund greater flexibility to
tailor an instrument to its needs, OTC derivatives generally involve greater
credit risk than exchange-traded derivatives, which are guaranteed by the
clearing organization of the exchanges where they are traded. Each fund will
limit its investments so that no more than 5% of its total assets will be placed
at risk in the use of OTC derivatives.
RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH OPTIONS. There are several risks associated with
transactions in options. For example, there are significant differences between
the securities markets, the currency markets, and the options markets that could
result in an imperfect correlation between these markets, causing a given
transaction not to achieve its objectives. A decision as to whether, when, and
how to use options involves the exercise of skill and judgment, and even a well-
conceived transaction may be unsuccessful to some degree because of market
behavior or unexpected events.
There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist when a fund seeks
to close out an option position. If a fund were unable to close out an option
that it had purchased on a security, it would have to exercise the option in
order to realize any profit or the option would expire and become worthless. If
a fund were unable to close out a covered call option that it had written on a
security, it would not be able to sell the underlying security until the option
expired. As the writer of a covered call option on a security, a fund foregoes,
during the option's life, the opportunity to profit from increases in the market
value of the security covering the call option above the sum of the premium and
the exercise price of the call. As the writer of a covered call option on a
foreign currency, a fund foregoes, during the option's life, the opportunity to
profit from currency appreciation.
If trading were suspended in an option purchased or written by one of the
funds, that fund would not able to close out the option. If restrictions on
exercise were imposed, the fund might be unable to exercise an option it has
purchased.
FUTURES CONTRACTS AND OPTIONS ON FUTURES CONTRACTS. The funds may use
interest rate futures contracts and index futures contracts. An interest rate
or index futures contract provides
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for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified
quantity of a financial instrument or the cash value of an index /1/ at a
specified price and time. A public market exists in futures contracts covering a
number of indexes (including, but not limited to: the Standard & Poor's 500
Index; the Value Line Composite Index; and the New York Stock Exchange Composite
Index) as well as financial instruments (including, but not limited to: U.S.
Treasury bonds; U.S. Treasury notes; Eurodollar certificates of deposit; and
foreign currencies). Other index and financial instrument futures contracts are
available and it is expected that additional futures contracts will be developed
and traded.
The funds may purchase and write call and put futures options. Futures
options possess many of the same characteristics as options on securities and
indexes (discussed above). A futures option gives the holder the right, in
return for the premium paid, to assume a long position (call) or short position
(put) in a futures contract at a specified exercise price at any time during the
period of the option. Upon exercise of a call option, the holder acquires a
long position in the futures contract and the writer is assigned the opposite
short position. In the case of a put option, the opposite is true.
To the extent required by regulatory authorities having jurisdiction over
the funds, the funds will limit their use of futures contracts and futures
options to hedging transactions. For example, the funds might use futures
contracts to hedge against fluctuations in the general level of stock prices,
anticipated changes in interest rates, or currency fluctuations that might
adversely affect either the value of a fund's securities or the price of the
securities that a fund intends to purchase. The funds' hedging may include
sales of futures contracts as an offset against the effect of expected declines
in stock prices or currency exchange rates or increases in interest rates and
purchases of futures contracts as an offset against the effect of expected
increases in stock prices or currency exchange rates or declines in interest
rates. Although other techniques could be used to reduce the funds' exposure to
stock price, interest rate, and currency fluctuations, the funds may be able to
hedge their exposure more effectively and perhaps at a lower cost by using
futures contracts and futures options.
The success of any hedging technique depends on WAM correctly predicting
changes in the level and direction of stock prices, interest rates, currency
exchange rates, and other factors. Should those predictions be incorrect, a
fund's return might have been better had hedging not been attempted; however, in
the absence of the ability to hedge, WAM might have taken portfolio actions in
anticipation of the same market movements with similar investment results but,
presumably, at greater transaction costs.
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/1/ A futures contract on an index is an agreement pursuant to which two
parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to the
difference between the value of the index at the close of the last trading
day of the contract and the price at which the index contract was
originally written. Although the value of a securities index is a function
of the value of certain specified securities, no physical delivery of those
securities is made.
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When a purchase or sale of a futures contract is made by a fund, that fund
is required to deposit with its custodian (or broker, if legally permitted) a
specified amount of cash or U.S. government securities or other securities
acceptable to the broker ("initial margin"). The margin required for a futures
contract is set by the exchange on which the contract is traded and may be
modified during the term of the contract. The initial margin is in the nature
of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the futures contract, which is
returned to the fund upon termination of the contract, assuming all contractual
obligations have been satisfied. The funds expect to earn interest income on
their initial margin deposits. A futures contract held by a fund is valued
daily at the official settlement price of the exchange on which it is traded.
Each day the fund pays or receives cash, called "variation margin," equal to the
daily change in value of the futures contract. This process is known as
"marking-to-market." Variation margin paid or received by a fund does not
represent a borrowing or loan by the fund but is instead settlement between that
fund and the broker of the amount one would owe the other if the futures
contract had expired at the close of the previous day. In computing daily net
asset value, the funds will mark-to-market their open futures positions.
The funds are also required to deposit and maintain margin with respect to
put and call options on futures contracts they write. Such margin deposits will
vary depending on the nature of the underlying futures contract (and the related
initial margin requirements), the current market value of the option, and other
futures positions held by the funds.
Although some futures contracts call for making or taking delivery of the
underlying securities, usually these obligations are closed out prior to
delivery by offsetting purchases or sales of matching futures contracts (same
exchange, underlying security or index, and delivery month). If an offsetting
purchase price is less than the original sale price, the funds realize a capital
gain, or if it is more, the funds realize a capital loss. Conversely, if an
offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, the fund
engaging in the transaction realizes a capital gain, or if it is less, the fund
realizes a capital loss. The transaction costs must also be included in these
calculations.
RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH FUTURES. There are several risks associated with the
use of futures contracts and futures options as hedging techniques. A purchase
or sale of a futures contract may result in losses in excess of the amount
invested in the futures contract. There can be no guarantee that there will be
a correlation between price movements in the hedging vehicle and in the
portfolio securities being hedged. In addition, there are significant
differences between the securities and futures markets that could result in an
imperfect correlation between the markets, causing a given hedge not to achieve
its objectives. The degree of imperfection of correlation depends on
circumstances such as: variations in speculative market demand for futures,
futures options, and the related securities, including technical influences in
futures and futures options trading and differences between the funds'
investments being hedged and the securities underlying the standard contracts
available for trading. For example, in the case of index futures contracts, the
composition of the index, including the issuers and the weighting of each issue,
may differ from the composition of a fund's portfolio, and, in the case of
interest rate futures contracts, the interest rate levels, maturities, and
creditworthiness of the issues underlying the futures contract may differ from
the financial instruments held in a fund's portfolio. A
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decision as to whether, when, and how to hedge involves the exercise of skill
and judgment, and even a well-conceived hedge may be unsuccessful to some degree
because of market behavior or unexpected stock price or interest rate trends.
Futures exchanges may limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in certain
futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit
establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary
either up or down from the previous day's settlement price at the end of the
current trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a futures
contract subject to the limit, no more trades may be made on that day at a price
beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movements during a
particular trading day and therefore does not limit potential losses because the
limit may work to prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. For
example, futures prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several
consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt
liquidation of positions and subjecting some holders of futures contracts to
substantial losses. Stock index futures contracts are not normally subject to
such daily price change limitations.
There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist at a time when a
fund seeks to close out a futures or futures option position. The fund would be
exposed to possible loss on the position during the interval of inability to
close, and would continue to be required to meet margin requirements until the
position is closed. In addition, many of the contracts discussed above are
relatively new instruments without a significant trading history. As a result,
there can be no assurance that an active secondary market will develop or
continue to exist.
LIMITATIONS ON OPTIONS AND FUTURES. A fund will not enter into a futures
contract or purchase an option thereon if, immediately thereafter, the initial
margin deposits for futures contracts held by that fund plus premiums paid by it
for open futures option positions, less the amount by which any such positions
are "in-the-money," /2/ would exceed 5% of the fund's total assets.
When purchasing a futures contract or writing a put option on a futures
contract, a fund must maintain with its custodian (or broker, if legally
permitted) cash or cash equivalents (including any margin) equal to the market
value of such contract. When writing a call option on a futures contract, a
fund similarly will maintain with its custodian cash or cash equivalents
(including any margin) equal to the amount by which such option is in-the-money
until the option expires or is closed out by the fund.
A fund may not maintain open short positions in futures contracts, call
options written on futures contracts, or call options written on indexes if, in
the aggregate, the market value of all such open positions exceeds the current
value of the securities in its portfolio, plus or minus unrealized gains and
losses on the open positions, adjusted for the historical relative volatility of
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/2/ A call option is "in-the-money" if the value of the futures contract that
is the subject of the option exceeds the exercise price. A put option is
"in-the-money" if the exercise price exceeds the value of the futures
contract that is the subject of the opinion.
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the relationship between the portfolio and the positions. For this purpose, to
the extent a fund has written call options on specific securities in its
portfolio, the value of those securities will be deducted from the current
market value of the securities portfolio.
In order to comply with Commodity Futures Trading Commission Regulation 4.5
and thereby avoid being deemed a "commodity pool operator," the "underlying
commodity value" of each long position in a commodity contract in which the Fund
invests will not at any time exceed the sum of:
(1) The value of short-term U.S. debt obligations or other U.S.
dollar denominated high-quality short-term money market
instruments and cash set aside in an identifiable manner,
plus any funds deposited as margin on the contract;
(2) Unrealized appreciation on the contract held by the broker; and
(3) Cash proceeds from existing investments due in not more than 30 days.
"Underlying commodity value" means the size of the contract multiplied by
the daily settlement price of the contract.
As long as the funds continue to sell their shares in certain states, each
fund's options and futures transactions will also be subject to certain non-
fundamental investment restrictions set forth under "Investment Restrictions" in
this SAI. Moreover, neither fund will purchase puts, calls, straddles, spreads,
or any combination thereof if by reason of such purchase more than 10% of that
fund's total assets would be invested in such securities.
SWAP AGREEMENTS. A swap agreement is generally individually negotiated and
structured to include exposure to a variety of different types of investments or
market factors. Depending on its structure, a swap agreement may increase or
decrease the Fund's exposure to changes in the value of an index of securities
in which the Fund might invest, the value of a particular security or group of
securities, or foreign currency values. Swap agreements can take many different
forms and are known by a variety of names. A Fund may enter into any form of
swap agreement if WAM determines it is consistent with the Fund's investment
objective and policies, but each Fund will limit its use of swap agreements so
that no more than 5% of its total assets will be placed at risk.
A swap agreement tends to shift the Fund's investment exposure from one
type of investment to another. For example, if the Fund agrees to exchange
payments in dollars at a fixed rate for payments in a foreign currency the
amount of which is determined by movements of a foreign securities index, the
swap agreement would tend to increase the Fund's exposure to foreign stock
market movements and foreign currencies. Depending on how it is used, a swap
agreement may increase or decrease the overall volatility of the Fund's
investments and its net asset value.
The performance of a swap agreement is determined by the change in the
specific currency, market index, security, or other factors that determine the
amounts of payments due to
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and from the Fund. If a swap agreement calls for payments by the Fund, the Fund
must be prepared to make such payments when due. If the counterparty's
creditworthiness declines, the value of a swap agreement would be likely to
decline, potentially resulting in a loss. The Fund expects to be able to
eliminate its exposure under any swap agreement either by assignment or by other
disposition, or by entering into an offsetting swap agreement with the same
party or a similarly creditworthy party.
The Fund will segregate liquid assets (such as cash, U.S. government
securities, or other liquid high grade debt obligations) of the Fund to cover
its current obligations under swap agreements. If the Fund enters into a swap
agreement on a net basis, it will segregate assets with a daily value at least
equal to the excess, if any, of the Fund's accumulated obligations under the
swap agreement over the accumulated amount the Fund is entitled to receive under
the agreement. If the Fund enters into a swap agreement on other than a net
basis, it will segregate assets with a value equal to the full amount of the
Fund's accumulated obligations under the agreement.
ILLIQUID SECURITIES
The funds may not invest in illiquid securities, if as a result they would
comprise more than 10% and 15% of the value of the net assets of ACORN FUND and
ACORN INTERNATIONAL, respectively./3/
Restricted securities may be sold only in privately negotiated transactions
or in a public offering with respect to which a registration statement is in
effect under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "1933 Act"). Where registration is
required, a fund may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration
expenses and a considerable period may elapse between the time of the decision
to sell and the time the fund may be permitted to sell a security under an
effective registration statement. If, during such a period, adverse market
conditions were to develop, the fund might obtain a less favorable price than
prevailed when it decided to sell. Restricted securities will be priced at fair
value as determined in good faith by the board of trustees. If through the
appreciation of illiquid securities or the depreciation of liquid securities,
ACORN FUND or ACORN INTERNATIONAL should be in a position where more than 10% or
15% of the value of its net assets, respectively, are invested in illiquid
assets, including restricted securities, that fund will take appropriate steps
to protect liquidity.
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/3/ In addition, the funds must comply with certain state regulations that may
impose additional restrictions. As long as shares of a fund are offered for
sale in Wisconsin, that fund may not invest more than 10% of its total
assets in securities of issuers which the fund is restricted from selling
to the public without registration under the Securities Act of 1933,
excluding Rule 144A securities, and not more than 5% of its total assets in
equity securities which are not readily marketable. Arkansas regulations
currently prohibit investment of more than 10% of a fund's assets in
restricted securities.
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Notwithstanding the above, a fund may purchase securities that have been
privately placed but that are eligible for purchase and sale under Rule 144A
under the 1933 Act. That rule permits certain qualified institutional buyers,
such as the funds, to trade in privately placed securities that have not been
registered for sale under the 1933 Act. WAM, under the supervision of the board
of trustees, will consider whether securities purchased under Rule 144A are
illiquid and thus subject to a fund's restriction of investing no more than 10%
(for ACORN FUND) or 15% (for ACORN INTERNATIONAL) of its assets in illiquid
securities. A determination of whether a Rule 144A security is liquid or not is
a question of fact. In making this determination WAM will consider the trading
markets for the specific security taking into account the unregistered nature of
a Rule 144A security. In addition, WAM could consider the (1) frequency of
trades and quotes, (2) number of dealers and potential purchasers, (3) dealer
undertakings to make a market, and (4) nature of the security and of market
place trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of
soliciting offers and the mechanics of transfer). The liquidity of Rule 144A
securities would be monitored and if, as a result of changed conditions, it is
determined that a Rule 144A security is no longer liquid, the funds' holdings of
illiquid securities would be reviewed to determine what, if any, steps are
required to assure that a fund does not invest more than 10% (for ACORN FUND) or
15% (for ACORN INTERNATIONAL) of its assets in illiquid securities. Investing
in Rule 144A securities could have the effect of increasing the amount of a
fund's assets invested in illiquid securities if qualified institutional buyers
are unwilling to purchase such securities.
DEBT SECURITIES
The funds may invest in debt securities, including lower-rated securities
(i.e., securities rated BB or lower by Standard & Poor's Corporation ("S&P") or
Ba or lower by Moody's Investor Services, Inc. ("Moody's"), commonly called
"junk bonds"), and securities that are not rated. There are no restrictions as
to the ratings of debt securities acquired by the funds or the portion of a
fund's assets that may be invested in debt securities in a particular ratings
category, except that ACORN INTERNATIONAL may not invest more than 20% of its
assets in securities rated below investment grade or considered by the Adviser
to be of comparable credit quality. Neither fund expects to invest more than 5%
of its net assets in such securities during the current fiscal year.
Securities rated BBB or Baa are considered to be medium grade and to have
speculative characteristics. Lower-rated debt securities are predominantly
speculative with respect to the issuer's capacity to pay interest and repay
principal. Investment in medium- or lower-quality debt securities involves
greater investment risk, including the possibility of issuer default or
bankruptcy. An economic downturn could severely disrupt the market for such
securities and adversely affect the value of such securities. In addition,
lower-quality bonds are less sensitive to interest rate changes than higher-
quality instruments and generally are more sensitive to adverse economic changes
or individual corporate developments. During a period of adverse economic
changes, including a period of rising interest rates, the junk bond market may
be severely disrupted, and issuers of such bonds may experience difficulty in
servicing their principal and interest payment obligations.
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Medium- and lower-quality debt securities may be less marketable than
higher-quality debt securities because the market for them is less broad. The
market for unrated debt securities is even narrower. During periods of thin
trading in these markets, the spread between bid and asked prices is likely to
increase significantly, and a fund may have greater difficulty selling its
portfolio securities. See "Net Asset Value." The market value of these
securities and their liquidity may be affected by adverse publicity and investor
perceptions.
A more complete description of the characteristics of bonds in each ratings
category is included in the appendix to this SAI.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
Repurchase agreements are transactions in which a fund purchases a security
from a bank or recognized securities dealer and simultaneously commits to resell
that security to the bank or dealer at an agreed-upon price, date, and market
rate of interest unrelated to the coupon rate or maturity of the purchased
security. Although repurchase agreements carry certain risks not associated
with direct investments in securities, a fund will enter into repurchase
agreements only with banks and dealers believed by WAM to present minimum credit
risks in accordance with guidelines approved by the board of trustees. WAM will
review and monitor the creditworthiness of such institutions, and will consider
the capitalization of the institution, WAM's prior dealings with the
institution, any rating of the institution's senior long-term debt by
independent rating agencies, and other relevant factors.
A fund will invest only in repurchase agreements collateralized at all
times in an amount at least equal to the repurchase price plus accrued interest.
To the extent that the proceeds from any sale of such collateral upon a default
in the obligation to repurchase were less than the repurchase price, the fund
would suffer a loss. If the financial institution which is party to the
repurchase agreement petitions for bankruptcy or otherwise becomes subject to
bankruptcy or other liquidation proceedings there may be restrictions on a
fund's ability to sell the collateral and the fund could suffer a loss.
However, with respect to financial institutions whose bankruptcy or liquidation
proceedings are subject to the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, each fund intends to comply
with provisions under such Code that would allow it immediately to resell such
collateral.
The funds have no present intention of investing in repurchase agreements.
WHEN-ISSUED AND DELAYED-DELIVERY SECURITIES; REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
The funds may purchase securities on a when-issued or delayed-delivery
basis. Although the payment and interest terms of these securities are
established at the time the fund enters into the commitment, the securities may
be delivered and paid for a month or more after the date of purchase, when their
value may have changed. A fund makes such commitments only with the intention
of actually acquiring the securities, but may sell the securities before the
settlement date if WAM deems it advisable for investment reasons. A fund may
utilize spot and forward foreign currency exchange transactions to reduce the
risk inherent in fluctuations in the exchange rate
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between one currency and another when securities are purchased or sold on a
when-issued or delayed-delivery basis.
A fund may enter into reverse repurchase agreements with banks and
securities dealers. A reverse repurchase agreement is a repurchase agreement in
which the fund is the seller of, rather than the investor in, securities and
agrees to repurchase them at an agreed-upon time and price. Use of a reverse
repurchase agreement may be preferable to a regular sale and later repurchase of
securities because it avoids certain market risks and transaction costs.
At the time a fund enters into a binding obligation to purchase securities
on a when-issued basis or enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, liquid
assets of the fund having a value at least as great as the purchase price of the
securities to be purchased will be segregated on the books of the fund and held
by the custodian throughout the period of the obligation. The use of these
investment strategies, as well as any borrowing by a fund, may increase net
asset value fluctuation.
The funds have no present intention of investing in reverse repurchase
agreements.
TEMPORARY STRATEGIES
The funds have the flexibility to respond promptly to changes in market and
economic conditions. In the interest of preserving shareholders' capital, WAM
may employ a temporary defensive investment strategy if it determines such a
strategy to be warranted. Pursuant to such a defensive strategy, a fund
temporarily may hold cash (U.S. dollars, foreign currencies, multinational
currency units) and/or invest up to 100% of its assets in high quality debt
securities or money market instruments of U.S. or foreign issuers, and most or
all of the fund's investments may be made in the United States and denominated
in U.S. dollars. It is impossible to predict whether, when, or for how long a
fund might employ defensive strategies.
In addition, pending investment of proceeds from new sales of fund shares
or to meet ordinary daily cash needs, a fund temporarily may hold cash (U.S.
dollars, foreign currencies, or multinational currency units) and may invest any
portion of its assets in money market instruments.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
Although the funds do not purchase securities with a view to rapid
turnover, there are no limitations on the length of time that portfolio
securities must be held. Portfolio turnover can occur for a number of reasons
such as general conditions in the securities markets, more favorable investment
opportunities in other securities, or other factors relating to the desirability
of holding or changing a portfolio investment. The funds' portfolio turnover
rates have been low (in 1994, 18% for Acorn Fund and 20% for Acorn
International). A high rate of portfolio turnover, if it should occur, would
result in increased transaction expenses which must be borne by each fund. High
portfolio turnover may also result in the realization of capital gains or losses
and, to the extent net short-term capital gains are realized, any distributions
resulting from such gains will be considered ordinary income for federal income
tax purposes.
15
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
In pursuing its investment objective ACORN FUND will not:
1. Invest more than 5% of its assets (valued at time of investment) in
securities of any one issuer, except in government obligations;
2. Acquire securities of any one issuer which at the time of investment (a)
represent more than 10% of the voting securities of the issuer or (b) have a
value greater than 10% of the value of the outstanding securities of the issuer;
3. Invest more than 25% of its assets (valued at time of investment) in
securities of companies in any one industry;
4. Invest more than 5% of its assets (valued at time of investment) in
securities of issuers with less than three years' operation (including
predecessors);
5. Purchase or retain securities of a company if all of the trustees and
officers of the Trust and of its investment adviser who individually own
beneficially more than 1/2% of the securities of the company collectively own
beneficially more than 5% of such securities;
6. Borrow money except (a) from banks for temporary or emergency purposes at
fixed rates of interest in amounts not exceeding 10% of the value of the fund's
assets at the time of borrowing, and (b) in connection with transactions in
options and in securities index futures [the fund will not purchase additional
securities when its borrowings, less amounts receivable on sales of portfolio
securities, exceed 5% of total assets];
7. Pledge, mortgage or hypothecate its assets, except for temporary or emergency
purposes and then to an extent not greater than 15% of its assets at cost, and
except in connection with transactions in options and in securities index
futures;
In pursuing its investment objective ACORN INTERNATIONAL will not:
1. With respect to 75% of the value of the fund's total assets, invest more than
5% of its total assets (valued at time of investment) in securities of a single
issuer, except securities issued or guaranteed by the government of the U.S., or
any of its agencies or instrumentalities;
2. Acquire securities of any one issuer that at the time of investment (a)
represent more than 10% of the voting securities of the issuer or (b) have a
value greater than 10% of the value of the outstanding securities of the issuer;
3. Invest more than 25% of its assets (valued at time of investment) in
securities of companies in any one industry;
4. Make loans, but this restriction shall not prevent the fund from (a) buying a
part of an issue of bonds, debentures, or other obligations that are publicly
distributed, or from investing up to an aggregate of 15% of its total assets
(taken at market value at the time of each purchase) in parts of issues of
bonds, debentures or other obligations of a type privately placed with financial
institutions, (b) investing in repurchase agreements, or (c) lending portfolio
securities, provided that it may not lend securities if, as a result, the
aggregate value of all securities loaned would exceed 33% of its total assets
(taken at market value at the time of such loan);/4/
5. Borrow money except (a) from banks for temporary or emergency purposes in
amounts not exceeding 10% of the value of the fund's total assets at the time of
borrowing, and (b) in connection with transactions in options, futures and
options on futures. [The fund will not purchase additional securities when its
borrowings, less amounts receivable on sales of portfolio securities, exceed 5%
of total assets.];
- ----------------------------------
/4/ The funds have no present intention of investing in repurchase agreements
or lending their portfolio securities.
16
<PAGE>
8. Underwrite the distribution of securities of other issuers; however the fund
may acquire "restricted" securities which, in the event of a resale, might be
required to be registered under the Securities Act of 1933 on the ground that
the fund could be regarded as an underwriter as defined by that act with respect
to such resale; but the fund will limit its total investment in restricted
securities and in other securities for which there is no ready market to not
more than 10% of its total assets at the time of acquisition;
9. Purchase and sell real estate or interests in real estate, although it may
invest in marketable securities of enterprises which invest in real estate or
interests in real estate;
10. Purchase and sell commodities or commodity contracts, except that it may
enter into (a) futures and options on futures and (b) forward contracts;
11. Make margin purchases of securities, except for use of such short-term
credits as are needed for clearance of transactions and except in connection
with transactions in options, futures and options on futures;
12. Sell securities short or maintain a short position, except short sales
against-the-box;
13. Participate in a joint or on a joint or several basis in any trading
account in securities;
14. Invest in companies for the purpose of management or the exercise of
control;
15. Issue any senior security except to the extent permitted under the
Investment Company Act of 1940.
Restrictions 1 through 15 above (except the portions in brackets) are
"fundamental," which means that they cannot be changed without the approval of
the lesser of (i) 67% of ACORN FUND'S shares present at a meeting if more than
50% of the shares outstanding are present or (ii) more than 50% of ACORN FUND'S
outstanding shares. It is also a fundamental policy of ACORN FUND to make loans
to the extent that investment in debt securities may be considered to constitute
the making of loans (subject to the 10% limitation stated in restriction 8
above.
6. Underwrite the distribution of securities of other issuers; however the fund
may acquire "restricted" securities which, in the event of a resale, might be
required to be registered under the Securities Act of 1933 on the ground that
the fund could be regarded as an underwriter as defined by that act with respect
to such resale; but the fund will limit its total investment in restricted
securities and in other securities for which there is no ready market, including
repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days, to not more than 15% of
its total assets at the time of acquisition;
7. Purchase and sell real estate or interests in real estate, although it may
invest in marketable securities of enterprises that invest in real estate or
interests in real estate;
8. Purchase and sell commodities or commodity contracts, except that it may
enter into (a) futures and options on futures and (b) forward contracts;
9. Make margin purchases of securities, except for use of such short-term
credits as are needed for clearance of transactions and except in connection
with transactions in options, futures and options on futures;
10. Sell securities short or maintain a short position, except short sales
against-the-box.
11. Issue any senior security except to the extent permitted under the
Investment Company Act of 1940.
Restrictions 1 through 11 above (except the portions in brackets) are
"fundamental," which means that they cannot be changed without the approval of
the lesser of (i) 67% of ACORN INTERNATIONAL'S shares present at a meeting if
more than 50% of the shares outstanding are present or (ii) more than 50% of the
shares outstanding are present or (ii) more than 50% of ACORN INTERNATIONAL'S
outstanding shares.
In addition, ACORN INTERNATIONAL is subject to a number of restrictions that may
be changed by the board of trustees without shareholder approval. Under those
non-fundamental restrictions, ACORN INTERNATIONAL will not:
17
<PAGE>
In addition, ACORN FUND is subject to a number of restrictions that may be
changed by the board of trustees without shareholder approval. Under those
nonfundamental restrictions, ACORN FUND will not:
a. Invest in oil, gas or other mineral leases or exploration or development
programs, although it may invest in marketable securities of enterprises engaged
in oil, gas or mineral exploration;
b. Invest more than 5% of its net assets (valued at time of investment) in
warrants, valued at the lower of cost or market, including not more than 2% of
its net assets in warrants not listed on the New York or American stock
exchanges; provided that warrants acquired in units or attached to securities
shall be deemed to be without value for purposes of this restriction;
c. Acquire securities of other registered investment companies except in
compliance with the Investment Company Act of 1940 and applicable state law;
d. Purchase a put or call option if the aggregate premiums paid for all put and
call options exceed 20% of its net assets (less the amount by which any such
positions are in-the-money), excluding put and call options purchased as closing
transactions; nor
e. Invest more than 33% of its total assets (valued at time of investment) in
securities of foreign issuers.
a. Invest in companies for the purpose of management or the exercise of control;
b. Invest in oil, gas or other mineral leases or exploration or development
programs, although it may invest in marketable securities of enterprises engaged
in oil, gas or mineral exploration;
c. Invest more than 10% of its net assets (valued at time of investment) in
warrants, valued at the lower of cost or market; provided that warrants acquired
in units or attached to securities shall be deemed to be without value for
purposes of this restriction;
d. Invest more than 5% of its total assets (valued at time of investment) in
securities of issuers with less than three years' operation (including
predecessors);
e. Acquire securities of other registered investment companies except in
compliance with the Investment Company Act of 1940 and applicable state law;
f. Purchase or retain securities of a company if all of the trustees, directors
and officers of the Trust and of its investment adviser who individually own
beneficially more than 1/2% of the securities of the company collectively own
beneficially more than 5% of such securities;
g. Pledge, mortgage or hypothecate its assets, except as may be necessary in
connection with permitted borrowings or in connection with short sales, options,
futures and options on futures;
h. Purchase a put or call option if the aggregate premiums paid for all put and
call options exceed 20% of its net assets (less the amount by which any such
positions are in-the-money), excluding put and call options purchased as closed
transactions.
Notwithstanding the foregoing investment restrictions, ACORN INTERNATIONAL may
purchase securities pursuant to the exercise of subscription rights, provided
that such purchase will not result in the fund's ceasing to be a diversified
investment company. Japanese and European corporations frequently issue
additional capital stock by means of subscription rights offerings to
18
<PAGE>
existing shareholders at a price
substantially below the market price
of the shares. The failure to
exercise such rights would result in
ACORN INTERNATIONAL'S interest in the
issuing company being diluted. The
market for such rights is not well
developed in all cases and,
accordingly, ACORN INTERNATIONAL may
not always realize full value on the
sale of rights. The exception applies
in cases where the limits set forth in
the investment restrictions would
otherwise be exceeded by exercising
rights or would have already been
exceeded as a result of fluctuations
in the market value of ACORN
INTERNATIONAL'S portfolio securities
with the result that the fund would be
forced either to sell securities at a
time when it might not otherwise have
done so, or to forego exercising its
rights.
19
<PAGE>
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
From time to time the funds may quote total return figures. "Total Return"
for a period is the percentage change in value during the period of an
investment in shares of a fund, including the value of shares acquired through
reinvestment of all dividends and capital gains distributions. "Average Annual
Total Return" is the average annual compounded rate of change in value
represented by the Total Return for the period.
Average Annual Total Return is computed as follows:
ERV = P(1+T)/n/
Where: P = the amount of an assumed initial investment in shares of a fund
T = average annual total return
n = number of years from initial investment to the end of the period
ERV = ending redeemable value of shares held at the end of the
period
For example, as of December 31, 1994 the Total Return and Average Total
Return on a $1,000 investment in the funds for the following periods were:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ACORN FUND
- ---------- Average Annual
Total Return Total Return
--------------- ---------------
<S> <C> <C>
1 year............................ -7.4% -7.4%
5 years........................... 85.0 13.1
10 years.......................... 362.3 16.5
Life of Fund (inception 6/10/70).. 4,017.5 16.3
ACORN INTERNATIONAL Average Annual
- ------------------- Total Return Total Return
-------------- --------------
1 year............................ -3.8% -3.8%
Life of Fund (inception 9/23/92).. 53.3 20.7
</TABLE>
The funds impose no sales charges and pay no distribution expenses. Income
taxes are not taken into account. Performance figures quoted by the funds are
not necessarily indicative of future results. Each fund's performance is a
function of conditions in the securities markets, portfolio management, and
operating expenses. Although information about past performance is useful in
reviewing a fund's performance and in providing some basis for comparison with
other investment alternatives, it should not be used for comparison with other
investments using different reinvestment assumptions or time periods.
In advertising and sales literature, each fund's performance may be
compared with those of market indexes and other mutual funds. In addition to
the performance information described above, a fund might use comparative
performance as computed in a ranking or rating determined
20
<PAGE>
by Lipper Analytical Services, Inc., an independent service that monitors the
performance of over 1,000 mutual funds, Morningstar, Inc., or another service.
The funds may note their mention or recognition in newsletters, newspapers,
magazines, or other media. The funds may similarly note mention or recognition
of WAM, or appearances of principals of WAM, in the media.
INVESTMENT ADVISER
The funds' investment adviser, Wanger Asset Management, L.P. ("WAM"),
furnishes continuing investment supervision to the funds and is responsible for
overall management of the funds' business affairs. It furnishes office space,
equipment, and personnel to the funds; it assumes substantially all expenses for
bookkeeping, and assumes the expenses of printing and distributing the funds'
prospectus and reports to prospective investors.
For its services to ACORN FUND WAM receives a quarterly fee (paid in three
monthly installments) at the annual rate of .75% of the net asset value of the
fund up to $100 million, .50% of the net asset value in excess of $100 million
and up to $1.5 billion, and .40% of the net asset value in excess of $1.5
billion, as determined as of the beginning of each calendar quarter. Prior to
July 1, 1992, ACORN FUND'S former investment adviser, Harris Associates L.P.,
received a monthly fee at the annual rate of .75% of the net asset value of the
fund up to $100 million, .625% of the net asset value in excess of $100 million
and up to $500 million, and .50% of the net asset value in excess of $500
million, as determined as of the beginning of each calendar quarter. The
investment advisory fees of the fund for 1994, 1993, and 1992 were $9,750,000,
$8,528,000, and $6,555,000, respectively.
For its services to ACORN INTERNATIONAL, WAM receives a fee paid monthly at
the annual rate of 1.25% of the net asset value of the fund up to $100 million,
1% of the net asset value in excess of $100 million and up to $500 million, and
.80% of the net asset value in excess of $500 million, as determined as of the
beginning of each calendar quarter, reduced by any amount necessary to cause the
fund's expenses to be within the limitation described below. The investment
advisory fees of ACORN INTERNATIONAL for the fiscal years ended December 31,
1994 and December 31, 1993 and for the fiscal period from September 23 through
December 31, 1992 were $11,561,000, $2,543,000, and $24,000, respectively.
The staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission has advised Acorn that
the annual advisory fees paid by most mutual funds are less than .75% of average
net assets. In 1994 ACORN FUND'S advisory fee was .48% of average net assets,
and ACORN INTERNATIONAL'S fee was 0.85 % of its average net assets.
The funds pay the cost of custodial, stock transfer, dividend disbursing,
audit, and legal services. They also pay other expenses such as the cost of
maintaining the registration of their shares under federal and state securities
laws and of proxy solicitations, printing and distributing notices and copies of
the prospectus and shareholder reports furnished to existing shareholders,
taxes, insurance premiums, and the fees of trustees not affiliated with WAM.
21
<PAGE>
The investment advisory agreement provides that the total annual expenses
of each fund, exclusive of taxes, interest, and extraordinary litigation
expenses, but including fees paid to WAM, shall not exceed the limits prescribed
by any state in which that fund's shares are being offered for sale. Acorn
believes that currently the most restrictive limits are 2.5% of the first $30
million of the average net asset value, 2% of the next $70 million, and 1.5% of
the average net asset value in excess of $100 million. Brokers' commissions and
other charges relating to the purchase and sale of securities are not regarded
as expenses for this purpose. Moreover, for purposes of calculating the
expenses subject to this limitation, the excess custodian costs attributable to
investments in foreign securities compared to the custodian costs which would
have been incurred had the investments been in domestic securities are excluded.
For the purpose of determining whether the fund is entitled to any reduction in
advisory fee or expense reimbursement, the fund's expenses are calculated
monthly and any reduction in fee or reimbursement is made monthly. Each fund's
operating expenses have been well below those limitations.
WAM advanced all of ACORN INTERNATIONAL'S organizational expenses, which
are being amortized and reimbursed to WAM through September, 1997.
WAM is a limited partnership managed by its general partner, Wanger Asset
Management, Ltd., which is controlled by Ralph Wanger. WAM commenced operations
in 1992. Ralph Wanger and Charles P. McQuaid, who are officers of the Trust,
are limited partners of WAM. WAM has approximately $4 billion under management.
DISTRIBUTOR
Shares of each Fund are distributed by WAM Brokerage Services, L.L.C. ("WAM
BD") under a Distribution Agreement as described in the supplement to the
prospectus dated February 27, 1996, which is incorporated herein by reference.
The Distribution Agreement continues in effect from year to year, provided such
continuance is approved annually (i) by a majority of the trustees or by a
majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust, and (ii) by a
majority of the trustees who are not parties to the Agreement or interested
persons of any such party. The Trust has agreed to pay all expenses in
connection with registration of its shares with the Securities and Exchange
Commission and auditing and filing fees in connection with registration of its
shares under the various state blue sky laws. WAM bears all sales and
promotional expenses, including the cost of prospectuses and other materials
used for sales and promotional purposes by WAM BD.
As agent, WAM BD offers shares of each Fund to investors in states where
the shares are qualified for sale, at net asset value without sales commissions
or other sales loads to the investor. In addition, no sales commission or "12b-
1" payment is paid by the Funds. WAM BD offers the Funds' shares only on a best
efforts basis.
THE TRUST
The Declaration of Trust may be amended by a vote of either the Trust's
shareholders or its trustees. The Trust may issue an unlimited number of
shares, in one or more series as the
22
<PAGE>
board of trustees may authorize. Any such series of shares may be further
divided, without shareholder approval, into two or more classes of shares having
such preferences or special or relative rights or privileges as the trustees may
determine. The shares of the funds are not currently divided into classes. Acorn
Fund and Acorn International are the only series of the Trust currently being
offered. The board of trustees may authorize the issuance of additional series
if deemed advisable, each with its own investment objective, policies, and
restrictions. All shares issued will be fully paid and non-assessable and will
have no preemptive or conversion rights.
On any matter submitted to a vote of shareholders, shares are voted in the
aggregate and not by individual series except that shares are voted by
individual series when required by the Investment Company Act of 1940 or other
applicable law, or when the board of trustees determines that the matter affects
only the interests of one series, in which case shareholders of the unaffected
series are not entitled to vote on such matters. All shares of the Trust are
voted together in the election of trustees.
TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS
The trustees and officers of the Trust and their ages and principal
business activities during the past five years are:
Irving B. Harris, trustee and chairman
Two North LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60602; age 84; chairman of
the executive committee and director, Pittway Corporation (multi-
product manufacturer and publisher); chairman, William Harris
Investors, Inc. (investment adviser); chairman, The Harris Foundation
(charitable foundation); director, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries,
Inc. (pharmaceutical manufacturer)
Ralph Wanger, trustee and president
227 West Monroe Street, Suite 3000, Chicago, Illinois 60606; age 60;
trustee and president, Wanger Advisors Trust; principal, Wanger Asset
Management, L.P. since July 1992; prior thereto, principal, Harris
Associates L.P.
James H. Lorie, trustee and vice chairman
1101 East 58th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637; age 73; Eli B. and
Harriet B. Williams Professor of Business Administration Emeritus,
University of Chicago Graduate School of Business; director, Ardco,
Inc. (refrigeration equipment manufacturer); director, Pittway
Corporation (multi-product manufacturer and publisher); director,
Thornburg Mortgage Asset Corp. (REIT)
Leo A. Guthart, trustee
165 Eileen Way, Syosset, New York 11791; age 57; vice chairman, Pittway
Corporation (multi-product manufacturer and publisher); chief executive
officer, Pittway Corporation's Security Group of Companies which
include ADEMCO (manufacturer of alarm equipment), ADI (distributor of
security equipment), FIN Burglary Instruments (supplier of security
control panels), First Alert Professional (alarm dealers), Cylink
Corporation (supplier of encryption equipment), and Alarm Net (cellular
radio service);
23
<PAGE>
director, AptarGroup, Inc. (producer of dispensing valves, pumps and
closures); director, Cylink Corporation; chairman of the board of
trustees, Hofstra University; chairman, Tech Transfer Island Corp.
(private investment partnership); director, Long Island Research
Institute.
Jerome Kahn, Jr., trustee
Two North LaSalle Street, Suite 505, Chicago, Illinois 60602; age 61;
vice president, William Harris Investors, Inc. (investment adviser);
director, Pittway Corporation (multi-product manufacturer and
publisher)
David C. Kleinman, trustee
1101 East 58th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637; age 59; senior lecturer
in business administration, University of Chicago Graduate School of
Business; business consultant; director, Irex Corporation (insulation
contractor)
Charles P. McQuaid, trustee and senior vice president
227 West Monroe Street, Suite 3000, Chicago, Illinois 60606; age 41;
trustee and senior vice president, Wanger Advisors Trust; principal,
Wanger Asset Management, L.P. since July 1992; prior thereto,
principal, Harris Associates L.P.
Roger S. Meier, trustee
1211 S. W. Fifth Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97204; age 69; president,
AMCO, Inc. (investment and real estate management); director, Fred
Meyer, Inc. (retail chain); director, Red Lion Inns Limited Partnership
(hotel chain); director, Key Bank of Oregon (banking)
Adolph Meyer, Jr., trustee
1511 West Webster Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60614; age 71; president,
Gulco Corp. (leather manufacturer)
Malcolm N. Smith, trustee
309 Maple Avenue, Highland Park, Illinois 60035; age 74; president,
Macromatic Division, Milwaukee Electronics Corporation (timing devices
manufacturer); president, Newmac, Inc. (importers of Sheffield cutlery)
Terence M. Hogan, vice president
227 West Monroe Street, Suite 3000, Chicago, Illinois 60606; age 33;
trustee and vice president, Wanger Advisors Trust; principal, analyst,
and portfolio manager, Wanger Asset Management, L.P., since July 1992;
prior thereto, analyst, Harris Associates L.P.
Leah J. Zell, vice president
227 West Monroe Street, Suite 3000, Chicago, Illinois 60606; age 55;
trustee and vice president, Wanger Advisors Trust; principal, analyst,
and portfolio manager, Wanger Asset Management, L.P., since July 1992;
prior thereto, analyst, Harris Associates L.P.
Robert M. Slotky, vice president and treasurer
227 West Monroe Street, Suite 3000, Chicago, Illinois 60606; age 47;
vice president and treasurer, Wanger Advisors Trust; chief financial
officer, Wanger Asset Management, L.P., since July 1992; prior thereto,
senior vice president and treasurer, Calamos Asset Management, Inc.
(investment adviser) and Calamos Financial Services, Inc. (broker-
dealer) and trustee and officer, CFS Investment Trust (investment
company)
24
<PAGE>
Merrillyn J. Kosier, vice president and secretary
227 West Monroe Street, Suite 3000, Chicago, Illinois 60606; age 35;
vice president and secretary, Wanger Advisors Trust; director of
marketing and shareholder services, Wanger Asset Management, L.P.,
since September 1993; prior thereto, vice president of marketing,
Kemper Financial Services, Inc..
Messrs. McQuaid and Wanger are trustees who are interested persons of Acorn
as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, and of WAM. Messrs. Harris,
Lorie, and Wanger are members of the executive committee, which has authority
during intervals between meetings of the board of trustees to exercise the
powers of the board, with certain exceptions.
At December 31, 1994 the trustees and officers as a group owned
beneficially 2,674,794.601 shares (1.65% of the outstanding shares) of ACORN
FUND and 344,651.206 shares (.39% of the outstanding shares) of ACORN
INTERNATIONAL. No person was known by the Trust to own of record or
beneficially 5% or more of either fund. During 1994 the funds paid fees
aggregating $200,500 to board members who were not affiliated with WAM.
The following table sets forth the total compensation paid by the Trust
during the fiscal year ended December 31, 1994 to each of the trustees of the
trust. The trust has no retirement or pension plan. The officers and trustees
affiliated with Wanger Asset Management, L.P. serve without any compensation
from the Trust.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AGGREGATE
COMPENSATION
NAME OF TRUSTEES FROM ACORN/(1)/
- ----------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
Irving B. Harris $77,500
Marshall M. Holleb 18,000
Jerome Kahn, Jr. 18,000
David C. Kleinman 18,500
James H. Lorie 17,500
Charles P. McQuaid -0-
Roger S. Meier 17,500
Aldolph Meyer, Jr. 16,000
Malcolm N. Smith 17,500
Ralph Wanger -0-
- ----------------------------------------------
(1)Acorn is not part of a fund complex.
</TABLE>
25
<PAGE>
PURCHASING AND REDEEMING SHARES
Purchases and redemptions are discussed in the funds' prospectus under the
headings "How to Buy Shares," "How to Sell Shares," and "Transaction Services."
All of that information is incorporated herein by reference.
For purposes of computing the net asset value of a share of either fund, a
security traded on a securities exchange, or in an over-the-counter market in
which transaction prices are reported, is valued at the last sales price at the
time of valuation. A security for which there is no reported sale on the
valuation date is valued at the mean of the latest bid and ask quotations or, if
there is no ask quotation, at the most recent bid quotation. Securities for
which quotations are not available and any other assets are valued at a fair
value as determined in good faith by the board of trustees. Money market
instruments having a maturity of 60 days or less from the valuation date are
valued on an amortized cost basis. All assets and liabilities initially
expressed in foreign currencies are converted into U.S. dollars at the mean of
the bid and offer prices of such currencies against U.S. dollars quoted by any
major bank or dealer. If such quotations are not available, the rate of
exchange will be determined in accordance with policies established in good
faith by the board of trustees.
The funds' net asset values are determined only on days on which the New
York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") is open for trading. The NYSE is regularly closed
on Saturdays and Sundays and on New Year's Day, the third Monday in February,
Good Friday, the last Monday in May, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving,
and Christmas. If one of these holidays falls on a Saturday or Sunday, the NYSE
will be closed on the preceding Friday or the following Monday, respectively.
Trading in the portfolio securities of the funds may take place in various
foreign markets on certain days (such as Saturday) when the funds are not open
for business and do not calculate their net asset values. Conversely, trading
in the funds' portfolio securities may not occur on days when the funds are
open. Therefore, the calculation of net asset value does not take place
contemporaneously with the determinations of the prices of many of the funds'
portfolio securities and the value of the funds' portfolios may be significantly
affected on days when shares of the funds may not be purchased or redeemed.
Computation of net asset value (and the sale and redemption of fund shares)
may be suspended or postponed during any period when (a) trading on the NYSE is
restricted, as determined by the Securities and Exchange Commission, or that
exchange is closed for other than customary weekend and holiday closings, (b)
the Commission has by order permitted such suspension, or (c) an emergency, as
determined by the Commission, exists making disposal of portfolio securities or
valuation of the net assets of the funds not reasonably practicable.
Acorn has elected to be governed by Rule 18f-1 under the Investment Company
Act of 1940 pursuant to which it is obligated to redeem shares solely in cash up
to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net asset value of a fund during any 90-
day period for any one shareholder. Redemptions in excess of the above amounts
will normally be paid in cash, but may be paid wholly or partly by a
distribution in kind of securities. If a redemption is made in
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kind, the redeeming shareholder would bear any transaction costs incurred in
selling the securities received.
Due to the relatively high cost of maintaining smaller accounts, Acorn
reserves the right to redeem shares in any account for their then-current value
(which will be promptly paid to the investor) if at any time the shares in the
account do not have a value of at least $500. An investor will be notified that
the value of his account is less than that minimum and allowed at least 30 days
to bring the value of the account up to at least $500 before the redemption is
processed. The Agreement and Declaration of Trust also authorizes Acorn to
redeem shares under certain other circumstances as may be specified by the board
of trustees.
In connection with the Switch Plan, WAM acts as a shareholder servicing
agent for the Money Funds. For its services it receives a fee at the rate of
0.35% of the average annual net assets of each account in a Money Fund
established through the Switch Plan, pursuant to a 12b-1 plan adopted by the
Money Funds.
ADDITIONAL TAX INFORMATION
Each fund intends to qualify, as it did in its last fiscal year, to be
taxed as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code so as to
be relieved of federal income tax on its capital gains and net investment income
currently distributed to its shareholders.
At the time of your purchase, a fund's net asset value may reflect
undistributed income, capital gains, or net unrealized appreciation of
securities held by that fund. A subsequent distribution to you of such amounts,
although constituting a return of your investment, would be taxable either as a
dividend or capital gain distribution.
Foreign currency gains and losses, including the portion of gain or loss on
the sale of debt securities attributable to foreign exchange rate fluctuations,
are taxable as ordinary income. If the net effect of these transactions is a
gain, the income dividend paid by a fund will be increased; if the result is a
loss, the income dividend paid by a fund will be decreased.
Dividends paid by ACORN INTERNATIONAL are not eligible for the dividends-
received deduction for corporate shareholders, if as expected, none of that
fund's income consists of dividends paid by United States corporations. A
portion of the dividends paid by ACORN FUND is expected to be eligible for the
dividends-received deduction. Capital gain distributions paid from either fund
are never eligible for this deduction.
Income received by the funds from sources within various foreign countries
will be subject to foreign income taxes withheld at the source. Under the
Internal Revenue Code, if more than 50% of the value of a fund's total assets at
the close of its taxable year comprises securities issued by foreign
corporations, that fund may file an election with the Internal Revenue Service
to "pass through" to its shareholders the amount of foreign income taxes paid by
that fund. Pursuant to this election, shareholders will be required to: (i)
include in gross income, even though not actually received, their respective pro
rata share of foreign taxes paid by the fund; (ii) treat their pro rata share of
foreign taxes as paid by them; and (iii) either deduct their pro rata
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share of foreign taxes in computing their taxable income, or use it as a foreign
tax credit against U.S. income taxes (but not both). No deduction for foreign
taxes may be claimed by a shareholder who does not itemize deductions.
ACORN INTERNATIONAL intends to meet the requirements of the Code to "pass
through" to its shareholders foreign income taxes paid, but there can be no
assurance that it will be able to do so. Each shareholder will be notified
within 60 days after the close of each taxable year of ACORN INTERNATIONAL, if
the foreign taxes paid by the fund will "pass through" for that year, and, if
so, the amount of each shareholder's pro rata share (by country) of (i) the
foreign taxes paid, and (ii) ACORN INTERNATIONAL'S gross income from foreign
sources. Of course, shareholders who are not liable for federal income taxes,
such as retirement plans qualified under Section 401 of the Code, will not be
affected by any such "pass through" of foreign tax credits. ACORN FUND does not
expect to be able to "pass through" foreign tax credits.
TAXATION OF FOREIGN SHAREHOLDERS
The Code provides that dividends from net income, which are deemed to
include for this purpose each shareholder's pro rata share of foreign taxes paid
by ACORN INTERNATIONAL (see discussion of "pass through" of the foreign tax
credit to U.S. shareholders), will be subject to U.S. tax. For shareholders who
are not engaged in a business in the U.S., this tax would be imposed at the rate
of 30% upon the gross amount of the dividend in the absence of a Tax Treaty
providing for a reduced rate or exemption from U.S. taxation. Distributions of
net long-term capital gains are not subject to tax unless the foreign
shareholder is a nonresident alien individual who was physically present in the
U.S. during the tax year for more than 182 days.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
Portfolio transactions of the funds are placed with those securities
brokers and dealers that WAM believes will provide the best value in transaction
and research services for each fund, either in a particular transaction or over
a period of time. Although some transactions involve only brokerage services,
many involve research services as well.
In valuing brokerage services, WAM makes a judgment as to which brokers are
capable of providing the most favorable net price (not necessarily the lowest
commission) and the best execution in a particular transaction. Best execution
connotes not only general competence and reliability of a broker, but specific
expertise and effort of a broker in overcoming the anticipated difficulties in
fulfilling the requirements of particular transactions, because the problems of
execution and the required skills and effort vary greatly among transactions.
In valuing research services, WAM makes a judgment of the usefulness of
research and other information provided to WAM by a broker in managing each
fund's investment portfolio. In some cases, the information, e.g., data or
recommendations concerning particular securities, relates to the specific
transaction placed with the broker, but for the greater part the research
consists of a wide variety of information concerning companies, industries,
investment strategy, and economic, financial, and political conditions and
prospects, useful to WAM in advising that fund.
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The reasonableness of brokerage commissions paid by the funds in relation
to transaction and research services received is evaluated by WAM's staff on an
ongoing basis. The general level of brokerage charges and other aspects of each
fund's portfolio transactions are reviewed periodically by the board of trustees
and its committee on portfolio transactions.
WAM is the principal source of information and advice to the funds, and is
responsible for making and initiating the execution of investment decisions by
the funds. However, the board of trustees recognizes that it is important for
WAM, in performing its responsibilities to the funds, to continue to receive and
evaluate the broad spectrum of economic and financial information that many
securities brokers have customarily furnished in connection with brokerage
transactions, and that in compensating brokers for their services, it is in the
interest of the funds to take into account the value of the information received
for use in advising the funds. The extent, if any, to which the obtaining of
such information may reduce WAM's expenses in providing management services to
the funds is not determinable. In addition, the board of trustees understands
that other clients of WAM might benefit from the information obtained for the
funds, in the same manner that the funds might benefit from information obtained
by WAM in performing services to others.
Transactions of the funds in the over-the-counter market and the third
market are executed with primary market makers acting as principal except where
it is believed that better prices and execution may be obtained otherwise.
Brokerage commissions incurred by ACORN FUND for 1994, 1993, and 1992
aggregated approximately $1,870,000, $1,922,000, and $1,615,000, respectively,
not including the gross underwriting spread on securities purchased in
underwritten public offerings. During 1994 ACORN FUND paid brokerage
commissions aggregating approximately $906,000 in connection with portfolio
transactions involving purchases and sales aggregating approximately $215
million to brokers who furnished investment research services to the fund.
Brokerage commissions incurred by ACORN INTERNATIONAL for 1994, 1993 and
1992 aggregated approximately $3,775,000, $3,292,000, and $114,172,
respectively, not including the gross underwriting spread on securities
purchased in underwritten public offerings. In 1994 ACORN INTERNATIONAL paid
brokerage commissions aggregating approximately $761,000 in connection with
portfolio transactions involving purchases and sales aggregating approximately
$161 million to brokers who furnished investment research services to the fund.
Although investment decisions for the funds are made independently from
those for other investment advisory clients of WAM, it may develop that the same
investment decision is made for one or both of the funds and one or more other
advisory clients. If one or both of the funds and other clients purchase or
sell the same class of securities on the same day, the transactions will be
allocated as to amount and price in a manner considered equitable to each.
CUSTODIAN
State Street Bank and Trust Company, P.O. Box 8502, Boston Massachusetts
02266-8502, is the custodian for the funds. It is responsible for holding all
securities and cash of the
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funds, receiving and paying for securities purchased, delivering against payment
securities sold, receiving and collecting income from investments, making all
payments covering expenses of the funds, and performing other administrative
duties, all as directed by authorized persons of the funds. The custodian does
not exercise any supervisory function in such matters as purchase and sale of
portfolio securities, payment of dividends, or payment of expenses of the funds.
The funds have authorized the custodian to deposit certain portfolio securities
of the funds in central depository systems as permitted under federal law. The
funds may invest in obligations of the custodian and may purchase or sell
securities from or to the custodian.
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
Ernst & Young LLP, Sears Tower, 233 South Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois
60606 audits and reports on the funds' annual financial statements, reviews
certain regulatory reports and the funds' tax returns, and performs other
professional accounting, auditing, tax, and advisory services when engaged to do
so by the funds.
APPENDIX - DESCRIPTION OF BOND RATINGS
A rating of a rating service represents the service's opinion as to the
credit quality of the security being rated. However, the ratings are general
and are not absolute standards of quality or guarantees as to the
creditworthiness of an issuer. Consequently, WAM believes that the quality of
debt securities in which the funds invest should be continuously reviewed. A
rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell or hold a security, because it
does not take into account market value or suitability for a particular
investor. When a security has received a rating from more than one service,
each rating should be evaluated independently. Ratings are based on current
information furnished by the issuer or obtained by the ratings services from
other sources which they consider reliable. Ratings may be changed, suspended
or withdrawn as a result of changes in or unavailability of such information, or
for other reasons.
The following is a description of the characteristics of ratings used by
Moody's Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody's") and Standard & Poor's Corporation
("S&P").
MOODY'S RATINGS
Aaa--Bonds rated Aaa are judged to be the best quality. They carry the
smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as "gilt-edge".
Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin
and principal is secure. Although the various protective elements are likely to
change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the
fundamentally strong position of such bonds.
Aa--Bonds rated Aa are judged to be high quality by all standards.
Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as high grade
bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection
may not be as large as in Aaa bonds or fluctuation of protective elements may be
of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present which make the long
term risk appear somewhat larger than in Aaa bonds.
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A--Bonds rated A possess many favorable investmeent attributes and are to
be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving security to
principal and interest are considered adequate but elements may be present which
suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.
Baa--Bonds rated Baa are considered as medium grade obligations, i.e., they
are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and
principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective
elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great
length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in
fact have speculative characteristics as well.
Ba--Bonds rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements; their future
cannot be considered as well assured. Often the protection of interest and
principal payments may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during
both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes
bonds in this class.
B--Bonds rated B generally lack characteristics of the desirable
investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of
other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
Caa--Bonds rated Caa are of poor standing. Such bonds may be in default or
there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or interest.
Ca--Bonds rated Ca represent obligations which are speculative in a high
degree. Such bonds are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.
S&P RATINGS
AAA--Bonds rated AAA have the highest rating. Capacity to pay principal
and interest is extremely strong.
AA--Bonds rated AA have a very strong capacity to pay principal and
interest and differ from AAA bonds only in small degree.
A--Bonds rated A have a strong capacity to pay principal and interest,
although they are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in
circumstances and economic conditions than bonds in higher rated categories.
BBB--Bonds rated BBB are regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay
principal and interest. Whereas they normally exhibit protection parameters,
adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to
a weakened capacity to pay principal and interest for bonds in this capacity
than for bonds in higher rated categories.
BB--B--CCC--CC--Bonds rated BB, B, CCC and CC are regarded, on balance, as
predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer's capacity to pay interest
and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation. BB
indicates the lowest degree of speculation
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among such bonds and CC the highest degree of speculation. Although such bonds
will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these are
outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions.
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