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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20549
FORM 10-K
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1998
OR
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 1-4298
COHU, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
DELAWARE 95-1934119
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
Incorporation or Organization)
5755 KEARNY VILLA ROAD, SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 92123
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (619) 277-6700
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, $1.00 par value
Preferred Stock Purchase Rights, $1.00 par value
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No
--- ---
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. [X]
The aggregate market value of voting stock held by nonaffiliates of the
registrant was approximately $217,000,000 as of February 15, 1999. Shares of
common stock held by each officer and director and by each person or group who
owns 5% or more of the outstanding common stock have been excluded in that such
persons or groups may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of
affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other
purposes.
As of February 15, 1999, the Registrant had 9,795,648 shares of its $1.00
par value common stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Part I and Part II incorporate certain information by reference from the
Annual Report to Stockholders for the year ended December 31, 1998. Part III
incorporates certain information by reference from the Proxy Statement for the
1999 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
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PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains certain forward-looking statements
within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, and is subject to the Safe Harbor provisions created by that statute.
The words "anticipate", "expect", "believe" and similar expressions are intended
to identify such statements. Such statements are subject to certain risks and
uncertainties, including but not limited to those discussed herein and, in
particular, under the caption "Business and Market Risks" that could cause
actual results to differ materially from those projected.
A predecessor of Cohu, Inc. (the "Company" or "Cohu") was incorporated under the
laws of California in 1947 as Kalbfell Lab., Inc. and commenced active
operations in the same year. Its name was changed to Kay Lab in 1954. In 1957
the Company was reincorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware as Cohu
Electronics, Inc. and in 1972 its name was changed to Cohu, Inc.
The Company has two reportable segments as defined by FASB Statement No. 131,
Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information. The
semiconductor equipment segment designs, manufactures and sells semiconductor
test handling equipment to semiconductor manufacturers throughout the world. The
television camera segment designs, manufactures and sells closed circuit
television cameras and systems to original equipment manufacturers, contractors
and government agencies. The Company's other operating segments include Fisher
Research Laboratory, Inc. ("FRL"), a metal detection business, and Broadcast
Microwave Services, Inc. ("BMS"), a microwave radio equipment company.
Sales by segment, expressed as a percentage of total consolidated net sales, for
the last three years were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1997 1996
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Semiconductor equipment 80% 81% 79%
Television cameras 12 13 14
Other 8 6 7
--- --- ---
100% 100% 100%
==== ==== ====
</TABLE>
Additional financial information on industry segments for each of the last three
years is included on pages 2 (Selected Financial Data) and 11 and 12 (Note 7) in
the 1998 Annual Report to Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.
SEMICONDUCTOR EQUIPMENT
Cohu's Semiconductor Equipment Group ("SEG") is the largest U. S. based and one
of the world's largest suppliers of semiconductor test handling equipment. SEG's
operating units, Delta Design (San Diego, California) and Daymarc (Littleton,
Massachusetts) design, manufacture, market and service a broad range of test
handlers, capable of handling virtually any type of integrated circuit ("IC")
package. Test handlers are electromechanical systems, which are used to automate
the IC final test process. Testing determines the quality and performance of the
IC prior to shipment to customers. While testers are designed for specific IC
types, such as microprocessor, logic, DRAM or mixed signal, handlers are
engineered to process one or more of the various plastic or ceramic packages
which protect the micro-circuitry and provide electrical connection to the
printed circuit board or substrate.
Most test handlers use either gravity-feed or pick-and-place technologies to
process ICs. Delta Design's systems utilize pick-and-place handling, while
Daymarc's equipment mainly employs gravity-feed techniques. The IC package type
normally determines the appropriate handling approach. Because gravity-feed
handling is simple, reliable and fast, it is the preferred technique for
packages with leads on only two sides, including the dual-in-line ("DIP") and
Small Outline ("SOIC"). ICs with leads on all four sides, such as the Quad Flat
Pack and certain ICs with leads on two sides, such as the thin small outline
package ("TSOP"), are predominately run in pick-and-place systems. In
gravity-feed handlers, ICs are unloaded from plastic tubes or metal magazines at
the top of the machine and flow through the system, from top to bottom,
propelled along
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precision trackwork by the force of gravity. At the output of the handler, the
ICs are sorted and reloaded into tubes or magazines for additional process steps
or for shipment. In pick-and-place systems, ICs are automatically removed from
waffle-like trays, placed in precision transport boats, or carriers, and cycled
through the system. ICs are sorted and reloaded into designated trays, based on
test results.
As a significant portion of IC test is performed at hot and/or cold
temperatures, many of the Company's test handlers are designed to provide a
controlled test environment over the range of -60 degrees C to +160 degrees C.
Over the years, the Company has developed considerable expertise in the design
of reliable, precision mechanisms which operate in these extreme temperatures
and in controlling test temperature during test. As semiconductor manufacturers
continue to reduce the size of ICs while providing higher performance and speed,
test handler manufacturers have faced the additional and substantial challenge
of dissipating large amounts of heat which are generated during the test
process. This heat is capable of damaging or destroying the IC and can also
result in downgrading, when devices fail to operate at full specification during
test. Device yields are extremely important and directly affect the
profitability of the semiconductor manufacturer. In addition to temperature
capability, other key factors in the design of test handlers are equipment
speed, flexibility, parallel test capability and size.
Handlers are complex, electromechanical systems, which are used in high
production environments and many are in service twenty-four hours per day, seven
days a week. Customers continuously strive to increase the utilization of their
production test equipment and expect high reliability from test handlers. The
availability of trained technical support personnel is an important competitive
factor in the marketplace. The Company deploys service engineers worldwide,
often within customer production facilities, who work with customer personnel on
continuous equipment improvement programs.
DELTA DESIGN
Equipment flexibility is important to semiconductor manufacturers and Delta
Design's pick-and-place test handlers may be configured for virtually any
semiconductor package type, through the use of tooling known as package
dedication kits. Delta has a large installed base of pick-and-place test
handlers, with nearly 2,000 systems installed at over 130 locations worldwide.
The Delta Nitro Flex(TM), available in three models with various levels of
automation, provides hot/cold test capability and unmatched versatility in IC
package and media (tray or tube) handling. The "Flex" is considered an industry
workhorse and more Flexes have been sold than any other logic pick-and-place
test handler. Through Delta's continuous product improvement process, the
handler has been successfully adapted to meet the evolving needs of IC
manufacturers.
The Model 2040, or RFS(TM), is a fast-index time pick-and-place handler,
designed for high production applications. The handler's large environmental
storage capacity enables uninterrupted operation in short test applications and
parallel testing of up to four devices. The RFS(TM) utilizes a patented
contactor indexing mechanism to achieve an index time of approximately 500
milliseconds.
The Model 1688 is an ambient pick-and-place handler, which uses the same fast
contactor indexing mechanism as the RFS(TM). The handler's small footprint of
only eleven square feet, combined with high speed and dependable operation, make
the 1688 a highly cost effective solution for test applications where
environmental capability is not required.
Delta's Castle handlers incorporate an innovative vertical tray handling system
which provides high input/output automation in an extremely small footprint. The
system is available in both memory and logic configurations. Castle Mx32
provides parallel testing of up to thirty-two devices. Castle Lx offers the same
benchmark small footprint as the Mx32 and a fast index time to maximize test
system utilization.
Delta's newest handler, Summit, is designed to meet the requirements of
manufacturers of advanced microprocessors and other high speed, high power
devices. Summit utilizes chilled fluid to control test temperatures and
dissipate the considerable heat generated by these devices during test.
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DAYMARC
Daymarc, acquired by Cohu in 1994, was among the first companies to introduce
fully automatic, gravity-feed test handlers. Daymarc manufactures four lines of
test handlers: the 717 Series, 3000 Series and 4000 Series of gravity handlers
and the newly introduced Enterprise test-in-tray handler line.
The 717 Series test handlers accommodate SOIC packages. The small dimensions and
high-speed applications of the SOIC package require a handler with minimal
transition distances, high performance contacting and automation features to
reduce the need for operator intervention. The 717 ambient and tri-temperature
handlers provide index times as low as 350 and 500 milliseconds, respectively.
The systems can be adapted to handle many different package types.
The 3000 Series Handlers are designed for a wide range of gravity feed devices,
including DIPs and SOICs. These handlers may be configured to test 1-32 devices
in parallel and accommodate a wide range of package types at throughput rates up
to 4,200 units per hour ("UPH"). The 3000 Series handlers provide
tri-temperature operation and input/output automation for increased
productivity.
The 4000 Series handlers combine high speed SOIC handling with multi-site
capability. The 4100 is a fully automated, high-speed handler designed for
high-volume, ambient test applications. The system operates at speeds up to
18,000 UPH in dual or quad site configurations.
Daymarc's newest handler, Enterprise, employs a handling technique known as
test-in-tray. Unlike pick-and-place handlers, which remove ICs from trays and
process them in boats, or carriers, Enterprise transports the devices through
the handler in the storage tray, greatly reducing the amount of device handling.
Test-in-tray is particularly suited for parallel test applications. Daymarc
shipped a significant number of Enterprise handlers during 1998. Test-in-tray is
a relatively new concept that requires the IC manufacturer to make certain
changes to conventional IC handling and test processes. While the benefits may
be significant, it is difficult to predict how widespread the use of this
technology will become.
TELEVISION CAMERAS
The Electronics Division of the Company has been a designer, manufacturer and
seller of closed circuit television ("CCTV") cameras and systems for over 40
years. The customer base for these products is broadly distributed between
machine vision, scientific imaging and security/surveillance markets. The
current product line represents a comprehensive array of indoor and outdoor CCTV
cameras as well as camera control equipment. To support its camera lines, the
Electronics Division offers a wide selection of accessories including monitors,
lenses and camera test equipment.
OTHER BUSINESSES
FRL designs, manufactures and sells metal detectors and related underground
detection devices for consumer and industrial markets. All products are sold
under the Fisher M-Scope label. Industrial products include pipe and cable
locators, water leak detectors, property marker locators and instruments for
locating reinforcing bars in concrete.
BMS designs, manufactures and sells microwave radio equipment, antenna systems
and associated equipment. These products are used in the transmission of
telemetry, data, video and audio signals. Customers include government test
ranges, law enforcement agencies, unmanned air vehicle programs and television
broadcasters.
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CUSTOMERS
SEMICONDUCTOR EQUIPMENT
The Company's customer base includes companies that manufacture semiconductor
devices primarily for internal use and companies that manufacture devices for
sale to others. Repeat sales to existing customers represent a significant
portion of the Company's sales in this business segment. The Company believes
that its installed customer base represents a significant competitive advantage.
The Company relies on a limited number of customers for a substantial percentage
of its net sales. In 1998 Motorola, Micron Technology and Intel accounted for
22%, 17% and 12%, respectively, of the Company's net sales. In 1997 Motorola,
Intel and Micron Technology accounted for 17%, 14% and 11%, respectively, of the
Company's net sales. In 1996 Micron Technology and Motorola represented 14% and
12%, respectively, of the Company's net sales. The loss of or a significant
reduction in orders by these or other significant customers, including
reductions due to market, economic or competitive conditions in the
semiconductor industry, would adversely affect the Company's financial condition
and results of operations.
TELEVISION CAMERAS AND OTHER BUSINESSES
The Company's customer base in the television cameras industry segment is
diverse and includes government agencies, original equipment manufacturers,
contractors and value-added resellers throughout the world. No single customer
of this segment accounted for 10% or more of the Company's consolidated net
sales in 1998, 1997 or 1996.
The Company's customer base in the other operating businesses (FRL and BMS) is
also diverse and includes government agencies, original equipment manufacturers,
contractors, distributors and consumers throughout the world. No single customer
of either FRL or BMS accounted for 10% or more of the Company's consolidated net
sales in 1998, 1997 or 1996.
Contracts, including subcontract work, with U. S. Government agencies accounted
for net sales of $4.7 million, $5.3 million and $4.8 million in 1998, 1997 and
1996, respectively. Such contracts are frequently subject to termination
provisions at the convenience of the Government.
MARKETING
The Company markets its products worldwide through a combination of direct sales
force and independent sales representatives. In a geographic area where the
Company believes there is sufficient sales potential, the Company maintains
sales offices staffed with its own sales personnel. The Company maintains U. S.
sales offices for the semiconductor equipment business in Santa Clara,
California and Austin, Texas. In 1993, a foreign subsidiary was formed in
Singapore to handle the sales and service requirements of semiconductor
manufacturers located in Southeast Asia. In 1995 a branch of the Singapore sales
and service subsidiary was opened in Taipei, Taiwan. The sales in Europe are
derived primarily through sales representatives.
COMPETITION
The semiconductor equipment industry is intensely competitive and is
characterized by rapid technological change and demanding worldwide service
requirements. Significant competitive factors include product performance, price
and reliability, customer support and installed base of products. While the
Company believes it is the largest U. S. based supplier of semiconductor test
handling equipment, it faces substantial competition in the U. S. and throughout
the world. The Japanese market for this equipment is large and represents a
significant percentage of the worldwide market. During the last five years the
Company has had limited sales to Japanese customers who have historically
purchased test handling equipment from Japanese suppliers or their affiliates.
Some of the Company's competitors have substantially greater financial,
engineering, manufacturing and customer support capabilities and offer more
extensive product offerings than the Company. To remain competitive the Company
believes it will require significant financial resources to offer a broad range
of products, maintain customer support and service centers worldwide and to
invest in research and development of new products. Failure to introduce new
products in a timely manner or the introduction by competitors of products with
perceived or actual advantages could result in a loss of
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competitive position and reduced sales of existing products. No assurance can be
given that the Company will continue to compete successfully in the U. S. or
throughout the world.
The Company's products in the television cameras segment and other businesses
are sold in highly competitive markets throughout the world, where competition
is on the basis of price, product integration with customer requirements,
service and product quality and reliability. Many of the Company's competitors
are divisions or segments of large, diversified companies with substantially
greater financial, engineering, marketing, manufacturing and customer support
capabilities than the Company. No assurance can be given that the Company will
continue to compete successfully in this business segment.
BACKLOG
The dollar amount of order backlog of the Company as of December 31, 1998 was
$28.1 million as compared to $55.5 million at December 31, 1997. Of these
amounts, $20.8 million ($44.5 million in 1997) was in semiconductor test
handling equipment, $5.3 million ($7.6 million in 1997) was in television
cameras and $2.0 million ($3.4 million in 1997) from FRL and BMS. Virtually all
backlog is expected to be shipped within the next twelve months. Due to the
possibility of customer changes in delivery schedules, cancellation of orders
and potential delays in product shipments, the Company's backlog as of any point
in time may not be representative of actual sales in any future period. All
orders are subject to cancellation or rescheduling by the customer with limited
penalty. There is no significant seasonal aspect to the business of the Company.
MANUFACTURING AND RAW MATERIALS
The Company's manufacturing activities take place in San Diego, California (BMS,
Delta Design and the Electronics Division), Littleton, Massachusetts (Daymarc)
and Los Banos, California (FRL). Many of the components and subassemblies are
standard products, although certain items are made to Company specifications.
Certain components are obtained or are available from a limited number of
suppliers. The Company seeks to reduce its dependence on sole and limited source
suppliers, however in some cases the complete or partial loss of certain of
these sources could have at least a temporary negative effect on the Company's
operations while it attempted to locate and qualify replacement suppliers.
PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS
The Company protects its proprietary technology through various intellectual
property laws. However, the Company believes that, due to the rapid pace of
technological change in the semiconductor equipment industry, the successful
manufacture and sales of its products generally depend upon its experience,
technological know-how, manufacturing and marketing skills and speed of response
to sales opportunities, rather than on the legal protection afforded to any one
or more items of intellectual property, such as patents, trademarks, copyrights
and trade secrets. In the absence of patent protection the Company may be
vulnerable to competitors who attempt to copy or imitate the Company's products
or processes. Although the Company believes its intellectual property has value
(and includes trademark rights and trade names other than Cohu), and the Company
has in the past and will in the future take actions it deems appropriate to
protect such property from misappropriation, there can be no assurance such
actions will provide meaningful protection from competition. Protecting the
Company's intellectual property rights or defending against claims brought by
other holders of such rights, either directly against the Company or against
customers the Company has agreed to indemnify, would likely be expensive and
time consuming and could have a material adverse effect on the Company and its
operations.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Certain of the markets served by the Company, particularly the semiconductor
equipment industry, are characterized by rapid technological change. Research
and development activities are carried on in the various subsidiaries and
division of the Company and are directed toward development of new products and
equipment, as well as enhancements to existing products and equipment. Total
research and development expenses were $20.4 million in 1998, $17.5 million in
1997 and $14.0 million in 1996. Total dollar expenditures increased primarily
due to increased spending for R & D on semiconductor test handling equip-
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ment. There was no significant customer-sponsored product development during
these years.
The Company works closely with its key customers to make improvements on its
existing products and in the development of new products. The Company expects to
continue to invest heavily in research and development and must manage product
transitions successfully as introductions of new products could adversely impact
sales of existing products.
ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
Compliance with Federal, State and local laws which have been enacted or adopted
regulating the discharge of materials into the environment or otherwise relating
to the protection of the environment has not had a material effect and is not
expected to have a material effect upon the capital expenditures, results of
operations or competitive position of the Company.
EMPLOYEES
At December 31, 1998 the Company had approximately 900 employees. None of these
employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements. The Company believes
that a great part of its future success will depend on its continued ability to
attract and retain qualified employees. Competition for the services of certain
personnel, particularly those with technical skills, is intense. The Company
considers its relations with its employees to be good.
BUSINESS AND MARKET RISKS
INDUSTRY CYCLES
The Company's operating results are substantially dependent on its semiconductor
equipment business. This capital equipment business is in turn highly dependent
on the overall strength of the semiconductor industry. Historically, the
semiconductor industry has been highly cyclical with recurring periods of
oversupply and excess capacity, which often have had a significant effect on the
semiconductor industry's demand for capital equipment, including equipment of
the type manufactured and marketed by the Company. The Company believes that the
markets for newer generations of semiconductors may also be subject to similar
cycles and severe downturns such as those experienced in 1996 and 1998.
Reductions in capital equipment investment by semiconductor manufacturers will
adversely affect the Company's financial position and results of operations.
RAPID TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND NEW PRODUCTS
Semiconductor equipment and processes are subject to rapid technological change.
The Company believes that its future success will depend in part on its ability
to enhance existing products and develop new products with improved performance
capabilities. The Company expects to continue to invest heavily in research and
development and must manage product transitions successfully as introductions of
new products could adversely impact sales or margins of existing products. In
addition, the introduction of new products increases the risk that existing
products will become obsolete resulting in greater excess and obsolete inventory
exposure. This increased exposure may result in increased inventory reserve
requirements similar to or in excess of those recorded in 1998 that could have a
material adverse impact on the Company's financial condition and results of
operations.
The design, development, manufacture and commercial introduction of new
semiconductor test handling equipment is an inherently complex process that
involves a number of risks and uncertainties. These risks include potential
problems in meeting customer performance requirements, integration of the test
handler with other suppliers' equipment and the customers' manufacturing
processes and the ability of the equipment to satisfy the semiconductor
industry's constantly evolving needs and achieve commercial acceptance at prices
that produce satisfactory profit margins. The design and development of new test
handling equipment is heavily influenced by changes in integrated circuit (IC)
back-end manufacturing processes and IC package design changes. The Company
believes that the rate of change in such processes and IC packages is
accelerating. As a result of these changes and other factors, assessing the
market potential and commercial viability of new test handling products is
extremely difficult and subject to a great deal of risk. In addition, not all IC
manufacturers employ the same manufacturing processes. Differences in
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such processes make it difficult to design standard semiconductor test handler
products that are capable of achieving broad market acceptance. No assurance can
be made that the Company will accurately assess the semiconductor industry's
future test handler requirements and design and develop products that meet such
requirements and achieve market acceptance. Failure to accurately assess
customer requirements and market trends for new semiconductor test handler
products may have a materially adverse impact on the Company's operations,
financial condition and results of operations.
The transition from product development to the manufacture of new semiconductor
equipment is a difficult process and delays in product introductions are common.
During 1998 the Company experienced delays in the introduction of its new
Enterprise and Castle test handlers and difficulties in manufacturing and volume
production of these products. In addition, after sale support and warranty costs
are typically greater with new test handlers than with established products.
There can be no assurance that future technologies, processes and product
developments will not render the Company's current or future product offerings
obsolete or that the Company will be able to develop and introduce new products
or enhancements to its existing products in a timely manner to satisfy customer
needs or achieve market acceptance. Furthermore, there is no assurance that the
Company will realize acceptable profit margins on such products.
HIGHLY COMPETITIVE INDUSTRY
The semiconductor equipment industry is intensely competitive and the Company
faces substantial competition from numerous companies throughout the world. Some
of these competitors have substantially greater financial, engineering,
manufacturing and customer support capabilities and offer more extensive product
offerings than the Company. In addition, there are smaller, emerging
semiconductor equipment companies that provide or may provide innovative
technology incorporated in products that may compete favorably against those of
the Company. The Company expects its competitors to continue to improve the
design and performance of their current products and to introduce new products
with improved performance capabilities. Failure to introduce new products in a
timely manner, the introduction by competitors of products with perceived or
actual advantages or disputes over rights of the Company or its competitors to
use certain intellectual property or technology could result in a loss of the
Company's competitive position and reduced sales of or margins on existing
products.
CUSTOMER CONCENTRATION
As is common in the semiconductor equipment industry, the Company relies on a
limited number of customers for a substantial percentage of its net sales. In
1998, three customers of the semiconductor equipment segment accounted for 51%
of the Company's net sales. The loss of or a significant reduction in orders by
these or other significant customers would adversely impact the Company's
financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, the concentration of
the Company's revenues in a limited number of large customers may cause
significant fluctuations in the Company's future annual and quarterly operating
results.
FOREIGN SALES
In 1998, 44% of the Company's total net sales were exported to foreign
countries, including 51% of the sales in the semiconductor equipment segment.
The majority of the Company's export sales are made to destinations in Asia.
Instability in global economic markets, particularly in Asia, may adversely
impact the demand for capital equipment, including equipment of the type
manufactured and marketed by the Company. In addition, changes in the amount or
price of semiconductors produced in Asia could impact the profitability or
capital equipment spending programs of the Company's foreign and domestic
customers.
WORK FORCE REDUCTIONS
During 1996 and 1998 the Company reduced the size of its work force and
implemented other cost reduction measures. Cost reduction measures may have a
negative impact on the Company's operations and operating results. Furthermore,
no assurance can be made that such cost reduction measures will be implemented
successfully.
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MARKET RISKS
At December 31, 1998 the Company's investment portfolio includes fixed-income
securities of $79.6 million. These securities are subject to interest rate risk
and will decline in value if interest rates increase. Due to the short duration
of the Company's investment portfolio, an immediate 10 percent increase in
interest rates would have no material impact on the Company's financial
condition or results of operations.
The Company generally conducts business, including sales to foreign customers,
in U. S. dollars and as a result has limited foreign currency exchange rate
risk. Monetary assets and liabilities of the Company's Singapore and Taiwan
operations are not significant. The effect of an immediate 10 percent change in
foreign exchange rates would not have a material impact on the Company's
financial condition or results of operations.
YEAR 2000 RISKS
The Company has a Year 2000 ("Y2K") Task Force focusing on four key readiness
areas: 1) Internal Infrastructure Readiness, addressing internal hardware and
software, including both information technology and non-information technology
systems; 2) Product Readiness, addressing product functionality; 3) Supplier
Readiness, addressing the preparedness of key suppliers to the Company and 4)
Customer Readiness, addressing customer support. For each readiness area, the
Company is performing a risk assessment, conducting testing and remediation,
developing contingency plans to mitigate unknown risks and communicating with
employees, suppliers, customers and other third parties to raise awareness of
the Y2K problem.
Internal Infrastructure Readiness: The Company, assisted by third parties, has
completed an assessment of internal applications and computer hardware. Some
software applications have been made Y2K compliant and resources have been
assigned to address other applications based on their importance and the time
required to make them Y2K compliant. All software remediation is expected to be
completed no later than June 1999. The Y2K compliance evaluation of hardware,
including hubs, routers, telecommunication equipment, workstations and other
items is expected to be completed by April 1999. In addition to applications and
information technology hardware, the Company is in the process of assessing,
testing and remediating its non-information technology systems including
embedded systems, facilities and other operations, such as financial and banking
systems.
Product Readiness: This program focuses on identifying and resolving Y2K issues
existing in the Company's products. The program encompasses a number of
activities including testing, evaluation, engineering and manufacturing
implementation. Customers are being notified of known risk areas and proposed
remediation plans. The Company plans to make Y2K retrofits available to certain
customers during the first calendar quarter of 1999 and to have retrofits
available for all customers by June 1999. A contingency team will be available
after June 1999 to assist those customers experiencing difficulties with the
Company's products.
Supplier Readiness: This program focuses on minimizing the risks associated with
key suppliers. The Company has identified and contacted key suppliers to solicit
information on their Y2K readiness. To date, the Company has received responses
from the majority of its key suppliers most of whom indicate that they believe
products provided to the Company are either Y2K compliant or will be made Y2K
complaint on a timely basis. Based on the Company's assessment of each
supplier's progress to adequately address the Y2K issue, the Company is
developing a supplier action list and contingency plans. Supplier readiness
issues that potentially affect the Company's products are expected to be
addressed by April 1999.
Customer Readiness: This program focuses on customer support, including the
coordination of retrofit activity and developing contingency plans where
appropriate. The Company is currently working with its customers to develop and
implement potential retrofit or upgrade programs and offering assistance in
making its products Y2K compliant.
The Company estimates that total Y2K costs will be approximately $500,000, the
great majority of which will be incurred by January 2000. Y2K costs incurred
through December 31, 1998 have been charged to operations and have not been
material. The Company is continuing its assessments and developing alternatives
that will necessitate refinement of this estimate over time. There can be no
assurance, however, that there will not be a delay in, or increased costs
associated with, the programs described in this section.
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Since the efforts described above are ongoing, all potential Y2K complications
have not yet been identified. Therefore, the potential impact of these
complications on the Company's financial condition and results of operations
cannot be determined at this time. If computer systems used by the Company or
its suppliers, the performance of products provided to the Company by suppliers,
or the software applications used in products manufactured and sold by the
Company, fail or experience significant difficulties related to Y2K, the
Company's results of operations and financial condition could be materially
adversely affected.
Due to all the above and other factors, historical results may not be indicative
of results of operations for any future period. In addition, certain matters
discussed above are forward-looking statements that are subject to the risks and
uncertainties noted herein and the other risks and uncertainties listed from
time to time in the Company's filings with the Securities and Exchange
Commission that could cause actual results to differ materially from those
projected or forecasted. The Company undertakes no obligation to update the
information, including the forward-looking statements, in this Annual Report on
Form 10-K.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Certain information concerning the Company's principal properties at December
31, 1998 identified by business segment is set forth below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
APPROXIMATE
LOCATION SQ. FOOTAGE OWNERSHIP
- -------- ------------ ---------
<S> <C> <C>
Littleton, MA. (1) 102,000 Owned
San Diego, CA. (1) 52,000 Owned
San Diego, CA. (1) 52,000 Owned
San Diego, CA. (1) 10,000 Leased
San Diego, CA. (2) 52,000 Owned
San Diego, CA. (3) 15,000 Leased
Los Banos, CA. (4) 23,000 Owned
</TABLE>
(1) Semiconductor equipment
(2) Television cameras
(3) BMS
(4) FRL
In addition to the locations listed above the Company leases other properties
for sales and service offices in various locations including Austin, Texas,
Santa Clara, California, Singapore and Taipei, Taiwan. The Company believes its
facilities are suitable for their respective uses and are adequate for the
Company's present needs.
In May 1996 the Company acquired approximately 12 acres of land in Poway,
California. The land is being held for future expansion needs although no such
expansion is currently contemplated.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company is not presently a party to any material legal proceedings, other
than ordinary routine litigation incidental to the business.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
Not applicable.
10
<PAGE> 11
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND SIGNIFICANT EMPLOYEES OF THE REGISTRANT
The following sets forth the names and ages of and the positions and offices
held by all executive officers and significant employees of the Company as of
February 15, 1999. Executive Officers serve at the discretion of the Board of
Directors, until their successors are appointed.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME AGE POSITION
- ---- --- --------
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS:
<S> <C> <C>
Charles A. Schwan 59 President & Chief Executive Officer, Director
John H. Allen 47 Vice President, Finance & Chief Financial
Officer, Secretary
SIGNIFICANT EMPLOYEES:
James M. Brown 61 President, Cohu Electronics Division
Graham Bunney 43 President, BMS
Roger A. Cimino 51 President, FRL
James A. Donahue 50 President, Cohu Semiconductor Equipment Group
</TABLE>
Mr. Schwan has been employed by the Company since 1971 and became President &
Chief Executive Officer on March 1, 1996. Mr. Schwan had been Treasurer since
1972, Vice President, Finance since 1983 and Executive Vice President & Chief
Operating Officer since September 1995. Mr. Schwan has been a member of the
Board of Directors since 1990 and served as Secretary from 1988 until September
1995.
Mr. Allen has been employed by the Company since June 1995. He was Director of
Finance until September 1995, became Vice President, Finance and Secretary in
September 1995 and was appointed Chief Financial Officer in October 1995. Prior
to joining the Company, Mr. Allen held various positions with Ernst & Young LLP
from 1976 until June 1995 and had been a partner with that firm since 1987.
Mr. Brown has been employed by the Cohu Electronics Division since 1980 and has
been President of that division since 1983.
Mr. Bunney has been employed by BMS since 1985. Mr. Bunney was a project manager
until June 1994, manufacturing manager from June 1994 until January 1996 and was
promoted to President of BMS in January 1996.
Mr. Cimino has been employed by FRL since December 1998 and has been President
of FRL since February 1999. Prior to joining FRL Mr. Cimino held various
positions with Cummins Engine Company, Inc. from 1989 until 1998 including Vice
President and General Manager of the Cadec Systems subsidiary from 1993 to 1998.
Mr. Donahue has been employed by Delta Design since 1978 and was President of
Delta Design from May 1983 until May 1998. In May 1998 Mr. Donahue was promoted
to President of the Cohu Semiconductor Equipment Group.
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER
MATTERS
Information regarding the market prices of the Company's stock, markets for that
stock, the number of stockholders and dividend information is contained on the
inside back cover of the 1998 Annual Report to Stockholders under " Cohu Stock
Information". Such information is incorporated herein by reference.
11
<PAGE> 12
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
"Selected Financial Data" on page 2 of the 1998 Annual Report to Stockholders is
incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations" on pages 14 through 16 of the 1998 Annual Report to Stockholders is
incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Information regarding the Company's market risk is set forth under "Market
Risks" on page 16 of the 1998 Annual Report to Stockholders and is incorporated
herein by reference.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The consolidated financial statements of the Company, including the report
thereon of Ernst & Young LLP, on pages 7 - 13 and the unaudited Quarterly
Financial Data contained on the inside back cover of the 1998 Annual Report to
Stockholders is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Information regarding directors of the Company is set forth under "Election Of
Directors" in the Company's Proxy Statement for the 1999 Annual Meeting of
Stockholders ("the Proxy Statement"), which information is incorporated herein
by reference. Information concerning the executive officers of the Company is
included in Part I, on page 11. Information in the Proxy Statement under
"Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance" is also incorporated
herein by reference.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Information regarding the Company's compensation of its executive officers and
directors and certain other information is set forth in the Proxy Statement
under "Board of Directors and Committees", "Compensation of Executive Officers
and Other Information" and "Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider
Participation" and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
Information regarding security ownership of certain beneficial owners and
management is set forth in the Proxy Statement under "Security Ownership Of
Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" and is incorporated herein by
reference.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Information regarding certain relationships and related transactions is set
forth in the Proxy Statement under "Certain Relationships and Related
Transactions" and is incorporated herein by reference.
12
<PAGE> 13
PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a) 1. Financial Statements
The financial statements listed in the accompanying index to
financial statements and financial statement schedules are
incorporated herein by reference as part of this Annual Report on
Form 10-K.
2. Financial Statement Schedules
The financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index
to financial statements and financial statement schedules is
filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
3. Exhibits
The exhibits listed in the accompanying index to exhibits are
filed or incorporated herein by reference as part of this Annual
Report on Form 10-K.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K
No reports on Form 8-K were filed during the quarter ended December
31, 1998.
13
<PAGE> 14
COHU, INC.
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(Item 14(a))
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Pages incorporated
from Annual Report
(a) 1. Financial Statements to Stockholders
- --------------------------- ------------------
<S> <C>
Consolidated balance sheets at
December 31, 1998 and 1997 7
Consolidated statements of income for
each of the three years in the
period ended December 31, 1998 8
Consolidated statements of cash flows
for each of the three years in
the period ended December 31, 1998 9
Consolidated statements of stockholders'
equity for each of the three years
in the period ended December 31, 1998 9
Notes to consolidated financial
statements 10 - 13
(a) 2. Financial Statement Schedule 10-K Page
- ----------------------------------- ---------
Schedule II -- Valuation and Qualifying Accounts 18
</TABLE>
All other schedules are omitted because they are not required, are not
applicable, or because the information required is included in the consolidated
financial statements and the notes thereto.
The consolidated financial statements listed in the above index which are
included in the Annual Report to Stockholders of Cohu, Inc. for the year ended
December 31, 1998 are incorporated herein by reference. With the exception of
the pages listed in the above index and the Items referred to in Items 1, 5, 6,
7, 7A and 8, the 1998 Annual Report to Stockholders is not to be deemed filed as
part of this report.
14
<PAGE> 15
COHU, INC.
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
(Item 14(a)3)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT DESCRIPTION
- ------- -----------
<S> <C>
3.1 Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Cohu, Inc. incorporated
herein by reference from the 1981 Form 10-K, Exhibit 1
3.1(a) Certificate of Amendment of Restated Certificate of Incorporation of
Cohu, Inc., incorporated herein by reference from the Company's 1996
Form 10-K, Exhibit 3.1(a)
3.1(b) Provisions of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of
Cohu, Inc., incorporated herein by reference from the Company's Form
10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1998, Exhibit 3.1(a)
3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws, of Cohu, Inc. incorporated herein by
reference from the Company's Form 8-K, filed December 12, 1996, Exhibit
3.2
4.1 Rights Agreement dated November 15, 1996, between Cohu, Inc. and
ChaseMellon Shareholder Services, L.L.C, as Rights Agent, incorporated
herein by reference from the Company's Form 8-K, filed December 12,
1996, Exhibit 4.1
10.1 Description of Cohu, Inc. Executive Incentive Bonus Plan, incorporated
herein by reference from the Company's 1990 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.3*
10.2 Termination Agreement between Cohu, Inc. and Charles A. Schwan,
incorporated herein by reference from the Company's 1990 Form 10-K,
Exhibit 10.5*
10.3 The Cohu, Inc. 1992 Stock Option Plan, incorporated herein by reference
from the Company's Proxy Statement for its 1992 Annual Meeting of
Stockholders*
10.4 The Cohu, Inc. 1994 Stock Option Plan, incorporated herein by reference
from the Company's Proxy Statement for its 1995 Annual Meeting of
Stockholders*
10.5 Agreement of Purchase and Plan of Merger by and among Cohu, Inc.,
Daymarc Corporation, Cohu Acquisition Corporation, N.J. Cedrone and
Melvyn Bosch as of June 16, 1994, incorporated herein by reference from
the Company's June 22, 1994 Form 8-K, Exhibit 2.1
10.6 The Cohu, Inc. 1996 Stock Option Plan, incorporated herein by reference
from the Company's Proxy Statement for its 1996 Annual Meeting of
Stockholders*
10.7 Employment Agreement between Cohu, Inc. and James W. Barnes,
incorporated herein by reference from the Company's 1995 Form 10-K,
Exhibit 10.9*
10.8 Credit Agreement between Bank of America National Trust and Savings
Association and the Company, dated June 15, 1998, incorporated herein by
reference from the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30,
1998, Exhibit 10.1
10.9 Termination Agreement between Cohu, Inc. and John H. Allen, incorporated
herein by reference from the Company's 1996 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.11*
10.10 The Cohu, Inc 1996 Outside Directors Stock Option Plan, incorporated
herein by reference from the Company's 1996 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.12*
</TABLE>
15
<PAGE> 16
COHU, INC.
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
(Item 14(a)3)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT DESCRIPTION
- ------- -----------
<S> <C>
10.11 The Cohu, Inc. 1997 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, incorporated herein by
reference from the Company's 1996 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.13*
10.12 The Cohu, Inc. Key Executive Long Term Incentive Plan incorporated
herein by reference from the Company's 1997 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.13*
10.13 The Cohu, Inc. 1998 Stock Option Plan incorporated herein by reference
from the Company's 1997 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.14*
10.14 Termination Agreement between Cohu, Inc. and James A. Donahue
incorporated herein by reference from the Company's Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended June 30, 1998, Exhibit 10.2*
13 1998 Annual Report to Stockholders (Provided for information only except
as specifically incorporated by reference)
21 Cohu, Inc. has the following wholly owned subsidiaries:
Delta Design, Inc., a Delaware corporation
Fisher Research Laboratory, Inc., a Delaware corporation
Broadcast Microwave Services, Inc., a Delaware corporation
Daymarc, Inc., a Delaware corporation
Cohu Foreign Sales Ltd., a Barbados corporation
23 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors
27 Financial Data Schedule
</TABLE>
* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement
16
<PAGE> 17
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
COHU, INC.
Date: March 4, 1999 By /s/ Charles A. Schwan
-------------------------------------
Charles A. Schwan
President & Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this
report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the
registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
--------- ----- ----
<S> <C> <C>
/s/ William S. Ivans Chairman of the Board March 4, 1999
- ---------------------------
William S. Ivans
/s/ Charles A. Schwan President & Chief Executive Officer, March 4, 1999
- --------------------------- Director (Principal Executive Officer)
Charles A. Schwan
/s/ John H. Allen Vice President, Finance & Chief March 4, 1999
- --------------------------- Financial Officer, Secretary (Principal
John H. Allen Financial & Accounting Officer)
/s/ James W. Barnes Director March 4, 1999
- ---------------------------
James W. Barnes
/s/ Harry L. Casari Director March 4, 1999
- ---------------------------
Harry L. Casari
/s/ Frank W. Davis Director March 4, 1999
- ---------------------------
Frank W. Davis
/s/ Harold Harrigian Director March 4, 1999
- ---------------------------
Harold Harrigian
/s/ Gene E. Leary Director March 4, 1999
- ----------------------------
Gene E. Leary
</TABLE>
17
<PAGE> 18
COHU, INC.
SCHEDULE II
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(in thousands)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Balance at Additions Balance at
Beginning Charged Deductions End of
Description of Year to Expense (Write-offs) Year
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Allowance for doubtful accounts:
Year ended December 31, 1996 $1,565 $498 $236 $1,827
Year ended December 31, 1997 $1,827 $148 $187 $1,788
Year ended December 31, 1998 $1,788 $147 $597 $1,338
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Reserve for excess and obsolete inventory:
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Year ended December 31, 1996 $14,928 $ 1,988 $1,226 $15,690
Year ended December 31, 1997 $15,690 $ 1,471 $2,067 $15,094
Year ended December 31, 1998 $15,094 $10,583 $7,255 $18,422
</TABLE>
18
<PAGE> 1
EXHBIT 13
================================================================================
COMPANY PROFILE
Cohu, Inc. is the largest U. S. based and one of the world's largest suppliers
of test handling equipment used by semiconductor manufacturers in final test
operations. The Company, with sales and service personnel worldwide, also
manufactures closed circuit television, metal detection and microwave radio
equipment.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
(in thousands, except per share data)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
OPERATIONS: 1998 1997
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
ORDERS $144,122 $209,334
NET SALES 171,511 187,756
NET INCOME 11,646 29,187
EARNINGS PER SHARE:
BASIC 1.20 3.09
DILUTED 1.17 2.93
BALANCE SHEET:
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS 86,703 53,550
WORKING CAPITAL 120,143 106,201
TOTAL ASSETS 162,231 162,892
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY 137,463 126,211
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ORDERS SALES NET INCOME STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(in millions) (in millions) (in millions) (in millions)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1994 $106.8 $102.7 $10.1 $47.4
1995 189.4 178.8 23.6 72.0
1996 147.9 159.4 24.2 96.3
1997 209.3 187.8 29.2 126.2
1998 144.1 171.5 11.6 137.5
</TABLE>
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of
Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is subject
to the Safe Harbor provisions created by that statute. The words "anticipate",
"expect", "believe" and similar expressions are intended to identify such
statements that are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, including but
not limited to those discussed under the caption "Business and Market Risks"
beginning on page 14 of this Annual Report, that could cause actual results to
differ materially from those projected. Readers are cautioned not to place undue
reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date
hereof.
<PAGE> 2
LETTER TO STOCKHOLDERS:
================================================================================
Sales for 1998 were $171.5 million compared to $187.8 million for 1997.
Net income for 1998 was $11.6 million or $1.17 per share, compared to
$29.2 million or $2.93 per share in 1997.
Orders for 1998 were $144.1 million compared to $209.3 million in 1997.
Backlog at the end of 1998 was $28.1 million compared to year end 1997 backlog
of $55.5 million.
Sales of test handling equipment decreased 11% from 1997 levels and
accounted for 80% of 1998 total sales. In 1998 sales of television cameras and
related equipment accounted for 12% of sales and metal detection and microwave
equipment contributed 8% of sales.
International sales for 1998 were $74.9 million compared to 1997
international sales of $96.9 million and accounted for 44% of consolidated sales
compared to 52% for the prior year. Most of these sales were to off-shore
operations of major multinational semiconductor manufacturers. The largest
segment of international sales is supported by our subsidiary located in
Singapore with additional service personnel located in Malaysia, Hong Kong,
Taiwan, Thailand, China and the Philippines.
Our 1998 results were adversely impacted by the slowdown experienced by
the entire semiconductor equipment industry. During the year we aligned our
resources and production capacity with the reduced demand while increasing
new product development spending. At the same time our cash resources increased
from $54 million in 1997 to $87 million in 1998.
Although the semiconductor equipment industry is seeing some signs of
improvement, we remain cautious. We believe our strong balance sheet and global
market presence place the Company in a position to benefit from the positive
long-term outlook of the semiconductor and semiconductor equipment industries.
Dividends of $3.1 million or $.32 per share were paid in 1998, the 20th
consecutive year of cash dividend payments and the 12th year in a row in which
dividends were increased.
We thank our customers and stockholders for their confidence and our
employees and suppliers for their support and loyalty.
Sincerely,
Charles A. Schwan
President and Chief Executive Officer
January 28, 1999
1
<PAGE> 3
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
================================================================================
(in thousands, except per share data)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994
- ------------------------------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales:
Semiconductor equipment $ 136,323 $ 152,668 $ 126,236 $ 146,093 $ 72,502
Television cameras 21,001 23,553 22,298 21,570 19,926
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Net sales for reportable segments 157,324 176,221 148,534 167,663 92,428
All other 14,187 11,535 10,819 11,096 10,298
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Total consolidated net sales $ 171,511 $ 187,756 $ 159,353 $ 178,759 $ 102,726
========= ========= ========= ========= =========
Operating profit (loss):
Semiconductor equipment $ 14,213 $ 41,167 $ 35,298 $ 37,704 $ 15,408
Television cameras 1,570 3,056 2,866 2,280 2,006
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Operating profit for reportable
segments 15,783 44,223 38,164 39,984 17,414
All other (1,094) 159 145 (14) (33)
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Total consolidated operating profit 14,689 44,382 38,309 39,970 17,381
Other unallocated amounts:
Corporate expenses (955) (1,337) (1,273) (1,051) (547)
Interest income 3,469 2,999 1,960 704 60
Interest expense -- -- -- (12) (206)
Goodwill amortization and write-down (1,157) (157) (157) (689) (70)
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Income before income taxes 16,046 45,887 38,839 38,922 16,618
Provision for income taxes 4,400 16,700 14,600 15,300 6,500
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Net income $ 11,646 $ 29,187 $ 24,239 $ 23,622 $ 10,118
========= ========= ========= ========= =========
Earnings per share:
Basic $ 1.20 $ 3.09 $ 2.62 $ 2.63 $ 1.19
Diluted 1.17 2.93 2.50 2.46 1.15
Cash dividends per share, paid quarterly $ 0.32 $ 0.24 $ 0.20 $ 0.16 $ 0.12
Depreciation and amortization deducted in
arriving at operating profit:
Semiconductor equipment $ 1,953 $ 1,321 $ 833 $ 620 $ 428
Television cameras 424 420 410 387 388
All other 265 250 253 188 295
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
2,642 1,991 1,496 1,195 1,111
Goodwill amortization 157 157 157 689 70
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
$ 2,799 $ 2,148 $ 1,653 $ 1,884 $ 1,181
========= ========= ========= ========= =========
Capital expenditures:
Semiconductor equipment $ 1,356 $ 3,513 $ 3,586 $ 4,932 $ 649
Television cameras 162 341 294 192 194
All other 208 275 1,256 163 177
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
$ 1,726 $ 4,129 $ 5,136 $ 5,287 $ 1,020
========= ========= ========= ========= =========
AT DECEMBER 31
Total assets by segment:
Semiconductor equipment $ 50,754 $ 79,978 $ 39,981 $ 48,708 $ 45,316
Television cameras 8,728 10,696 10,573 10,886 10,948
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Total assets for reportable segments 59,482 90,674 50,554 59,594 56,264
All other operating segments 7,537 8,307 7,449 8,240 7,782
Corporate 95,212 63,911 59,923 36,100 3,922
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Total consolidated assets $ 162,231 $ 162,892 $ 117,926 $ 103,934 $ 67,968
========= ========= ========= ========= =========
Working capital $ 120,143 $ 106,201 $ 78,003 $ 57,228 $ 37,680
Long-term debt -- -- -- -- 1,400
Stockholders' equity 137,463 126,211 96,272 72,029 47,371
</TABLE>
2
<PAGE> 4
SEMICONDUCTOR TEST HANDLING EQUIPMENT
================================================================================
Cohu's Semiconductor Equipment Group ("SEG") is the largest U. S. based and
one of the world's largest suppliers of semiconductor test handling equipment.
SEG's operating units, Delta Design (San Diego, California) and Daymarc
(Littleton, Massachusetts) design, manufacture, market and service a broad range
of test handlers, capable of handling virtually any type of integrated circuit
("IC") package. Test handlers are electromechanical systems that are used to
automate the IC final test process. Testing determines the quality and
performance of the IC prior to shipment to customers. While testers are designed
for specific IC types, such as microprocessor, logic, DRAM or mixed signal,
handlers are engineered to process one or more of the various plastic or ceramic
packages which protect the micro-circuitry and provide electrical connection to
the printed circuit board or substrate.
Most test handlers use either gravity-feed or pick-and-place technologies
to process ICs. Delta Design's systems utilize pick-and-place handling, while
Daymarc's equipment mainly employs gravity-feed techniques. The IC package type
normally determines the appropriate handling approach. Because gravity-feed
handling is simple, reliable and fast, it is the preferred technique for
packages with leads on only two sides, including the dual-in-line ("DIP") and
small outline ("SOIC"). ICs with leads on all four sides, such as the Quad Flat
Pack and certain ICs with leads on two sides, such as the thin small outline
package ("TSOP"), are predominately run in pick-and-place systems. In
gravity-feed handlers, ICs are unloaded from plastic tubes or metal magazines at
the top of the machine and flow through the system, from top to bottom,
propelled along precision trackwork by the force of gravity. At the output of
the handler, the ICs are sorted and reloaded into tubes or magazines for
additional process steps or for shipment. In pick-and-place systems, ICs are
automatically removed from waffle-like trays, placed in precision transport
boats, or carriers, and cycled through the system. ICs are sorted and reloaded
into designated trays, based on test results.
As a significant portion of IC test is performed at hot and/or cold
temperatures, many of the Company's test handlers are designed to provide a
controlled test environment over the range of -60 degrees C to +160 degrees C.
Over the years, the Company has developed considerable expertise in the design
of reliable, precision mechanisms which operate in these extreme temperatures
and in controlling test temperature during test. As semiconductor manufacturers
continue to reduce the size of ICs while providing higher performance and speed,
test handler manufacturers have faced the additional and substantial challenge
of dissipating large amounts of heat which are generated during the test
process. This heat is capable of damaging or destroying the IC and can also
result in downgrading, when devices fail to operate at full specification during
test. Device yields are extremely important and directly affect the
profitability of the semiconductor manufacturer. In addition to temperature
capability, other key factors in the design of test handlers are equipment
speed, flexibility, parallel test capability and size.
Handlers are complex, electromechanical systems that are used in high
production environments and many are in service twenty-four hours per day, seven
days a week. Customers continuously strive to increase the utilization of their
production test equipment and expect high reliability from test handlers. The
availability of trained technical support personnel is an important competitive
factor in the marketplace. The Company deploys service engineers worldwide,
often within customer production facilities, who work with customer personnel on
continuous equipment improvement programs.
The past year was a difficult one for the semiconductor equipment industry.
The Company entered 1998 with a strong backlog, but order rates declined during
Q1, and by mid-year had fallen to less than fifty percent of earlier year
levels. In response to these conditions and like most companies in the industry,
we reduced our work force and production rates significantly throughout the
year. However, we continued to fund product development at record levels, as a
continuous stream of new products is vital to our long-term success. Despite the
challenging conditions in the industry, we maintained our focus on customer
support and for the second consecutive year, Delta Design was awarded the
prestigious Supplier Excellence Award from Texas Instruments.
3
<PAGE> 5
================================================================================
DELTA DESIGN
Equipment flexibility is important to semiconductor manufacturers and Delta
Design's pick-and-place test handlers may be configured for virtually any
semiconductor package type, through the use of tooling known as package
dedication kits. Delta has a large installed base of pick-and-place test
handlers, with nearly 2,000 systems installed at over 130 locations worldwide.
The Delta Nitro Flex(TM), available in three models with various levels of
automation, provides hot/cold test capability and unmatched versatility in IC
package and media (tray or tube) handling. The "Flex" is considered an industry
workhorse and more Flexes have been sold than any other logic pick-and-place
test handler. Through Delta's continuous product improvement process, the
handler has been successfully adapted to meet the evolving needs of IC
manufacturers.
The Model 2040, or RFS(TM), is a fast-index time pick-and-place handler,
designed for high production applications. The handler's large environmental
storage capacity enables uninterrupted operation in short test applications and
parallel testing of up to four devices. The RFS(TM) utilizes a patented
contactor indexing mechanism to achieve an index time of approximately 500
milliseconds.
The Model 1688 is an ambient pick-and-place handler, which uses the same
fast contactor indexing mechanism as the RFS(TM). The handler's small footprint
of only eleven square feet, combined with high speed and dependable operation,
make the 1688 a highly cost effective solution for test applications where
environmental capability is not required. [PHOTO]
CASTLE LOGIC HANDLER
Delta's Castle handlers incorporate an innovative vertical tray handling
system which provides high input/output automation in an extremely small
footprint. The system is available in both memory and logic configurations.
Castle Mx32 provides parallel testing of up to thirty-two devices. Castle Lx
offers the same benchmark small footprint as the Mx32 and a fast index time to
maximize test system utilization.
Delta's newest handler, Summit, is designed to meet the requirements of
manufacturers of advanced microprocessors and other high speed, high power
devices. Summit utilizes chilled fluid to control test temperatures and
dissipate the considerable heat generated by these devices during test.
DAYMARC
Daymarc, acquired by Cohu in 1994, was among the first companies to
introduce fully automatic, gravity-feed test handlers. Daymarc manufactures four
lines of test handlers: the 717 Series, 3000 Series and 4000 Series of gravity
handlers and the newly introduced Enterprise test-in-tray handler line.
The 717 Series test handlers accommodate SOIC packages. The small
dimensions and high-speed applications of the SOIC package require a handler
with minimal transition distances, high performance contacting and automation
features to reduce the need for operator intervention. The 717 ambient and
tri-temperature handlers provide index times as low as 350 and 500 milliseconds,
respectively. The systems can be adapted to handle many different package types.
4
<PAGE> 6
================================================================================
The 3000 Series handlers are designed for a wide range of gravity-feed
devices, including DIPs and SOICs. These handlers may be configured to test 1-32
devices in parallel and accommodate a wide range of package types at throughput
rates up to 4,200 units per hour ("UPH"). The 3000 Series handlers provide
tri-temperature operation and input/output automation for increased
productivity.
The 4000 Series handlers combine high speed SOIC handling with multi-site
capability. The 4100 is a fully automated, high-speed handler designed for
high-volume, ambient test applications. The system operates at speeds up to
18,000 UPH in dual or quad site configurations.
Daymarc's newest handler, Enterprise, employs a handling technique known as
test-in-tray. Unlike pick-and-place handlers, which remove ICs from trays and
process them in boats, or carriers, Enterprise transports the devices through
the handler in the storage tray, greatly reducing the amount of device handling.
Test-in-tray is particularly suited for parallel test applications. Daymarc
shipped a significant number of Enterprise handlers during 1998. Test-in-tray is
a relatively new concept that requires the IC manufacturer to make certain
changes to conventional IC handling and test processes. While the benefits may
be significant, it is difficult to predict how widespread the use of this
technology will become.
ELECTRONICS DIVISION (TELEVISION CAMERAS)
The Electronics Division has been a leading American designer and
manufacturer of closed circuit television ("CCTV") cameras and systems for more
than 40 years. The customer base is broadly distributed between machine vision,
scientific imaging and security/surveillance markets. (PHOTO)
TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT CAMERA &
CONTROL SYSTEM
The current product line represents a comprehensive array of indoor and
outdoor CCTV cameras as well as camera control equipment. The Division is most
readily differentiated from the competition by its willingness and ability to
create quality products that solve a customer's unique requirements. Cohu's long
established role in advanced CCTV technology is based on a continuing commitment
to quality, product performance and competitiveness.
Cohu has been called upon to create CCTV solutions for such diverse
applications as aircraft de-icing equipment in Canada, surveillance of the
Alaska Pipeline, security at sports stadiums, vision for airborne weapons and
process monitoring at waste treatment plants.
The Division manufactures video cameras for a number of Original Equipment
Manufacturer ("OEM") customers that integrate Cohu components into their
products. Other distribution channels for television products include direct
sales to end users, contractors and value-added resellers.
In 1998 Cohu won a number of contracts for traffic surveillance cameras,
including systems in North Carolina, Georgia, and Minnesota. In addition to
sales of standard cameras to state and federal highway departments, the Division
is an OEM provider to a key manufacturer of wide area detection products for
traffic control.
The OEM sales team helps customers meet automated assembly challenges. In
1998 this resulted in a contract to build a seven-sensor camera for a
manufacturer of advanced circuit board assembly equipment. This advanced vision
technology increases throughput by presenting components for multiple picking
and placing. Opportunities for Cohu cameras also exist in scientific industries
using video technology. The product line includes cameras that are integrated
into systems for fluorescing gel analysis, medical research and x-ray.
5
<PAGE> 7
================================================================================
The Division continues to pursue opportunities in the international market
through distributors, contractors and OEM accounts. Process monitoring, security
and advanced imaging applications provide the majority of international sales.
The Division has been involved with a number of large-scale construction
projects where specialized design expertise is provided to major engineering
firms. Installations include process monitoring for waste handling, water works
and hazardous material and facility security.
The Division is registered compliant to ISO-9001 standards, the most rigid
of five levels of standards in the ISO 9000 series. ISO registration is a
competitive advantage in market areas where ISO 9000 is heavily supported, such
as Europe and the Middle East.
In 1999 key markets for Cohu CCTV products are expected to include
applications for transportation, machine vision, microscopy and surveillance.
FRL
Fisher Research Laboratory ("FRL") designs, manufactures and sells metal
detectors and other underground detection devices for industrial and consumer
markets.
Industrial products include pipe and cable locators, water leak detectors,
property marker locators and instruments for locating reinforcing bars in
concrete. FRL's XLT-20 water leak detector can detect the sound of escaping
water and pinpoint small leaks in buried pipes to a depth of six feet.
Consumer metal detectors include models for prospectors, relic hunters,
sport divers and weekend treasure hunters. As with the industrial line, FRL's
consumer products have a well earned reputation for quality, performance and
durability. As a result, several of the models designed for hobby use are also
used by law enforcement agencies, archaeologists and professional treasure
salvors.
FRL's products are sold worldwide with major markets in the U. S., Western
Europe, Canada and the Pacific Rim. Emerging markets include such countries as
Russia, China and Mexico. Export sales were approximately 26% of sales in 1998.
BMS
Broadcast Microwave Services, Inc. ("BMS") manufactures high quality
microwave radio equipment, antenna systems and related support items. These
products are used in the transmission of telemetry, data, video and audio
signals. Customers include government test ranges, law enforcement agencies,
unmanned air vehicle programs and television broadcasters.
BMS has seen an increase in business related to unmanned air vehicles and
this trend may continue as government related projects consider switching from
large development programs to available standard equipment. This application
requires transmitters, receivers, airborne antennas and automatic tracking
antenna and control systems. Similar products are also being sold for coastal
surveillance applications.
We believe opportunities in the broadcast television market may exist as
older point-to-point microwave links and electronic news gathering equipment is
replaced. New product development has been directed at these markets. Additional
growth opportunities may be created in the future as television stations add the
capability to transmit high definition television signals.
6
<PAGE> 8
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
================================================================================
(in thousands, except par value)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
December 31,
ASSETS 1998 1997
-------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 74,446 $ 39,736
Short-term investments 12,257 13,814
Accounts receivable less allowance for doubtful
accounts of $1,338 in 1998 and $1,787 in 1997 18,800 31,934
Inventories:
Raw materials and purchased parts 8,388 21,224
Work in process 5,124 15,657
Finished goods 12,365 8,018
-------- --------
25,877 44,899
Deferred income taxes 10,477 9,669
Prepaid expenses 1,541 1,478
-------- --------
Total current assets 143,398 141,530
Property, plant and equipment, at cost:
Land and land improvements 2,501 2,114
Buildings and building improvements 12,102 12,293
Machinery and equipment 17,801 17,524
-------- --------
32,404 31,931
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization 14,791 12,982
-------- --------
Net property, plant and equipment 17,613 18,949
Goodwill, net of accumulated amortization of $1,972
in 1998 and $815 in 1997 1,155 2,312
Other assets 65 101
-------- --------
$162,231 $162,892
======== ========
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable $ 3,016 $ 16,166
Commissions payable 883 1,663
Income taxes payable 3,070 3,421
Accrued compensation and benefits 5,369 7,574
Accrued warranty 4,060 3,157
Customer advances 3,978 --
Other accrued liabilities 2,879 3,348
-------- --------
Total current liabilities 23,255 35,329
Accrued retiree medical benefits 993 1,004
Deferred income taxes 520 348
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $1 par value; 1,000 shares
authorized, none issued -- --
Common stock, $1 par value; 40,000 shares
authorized, 9,779 shares issued and
outstanding in 1998 and 9,549 shares in 1997 9,779 9,549
Paid in excess of par 11,169 8,677
Retained earnings 116,515 107,985
-------- --------
Total stockholders' equity 137,463 126,211
-------- --------
$162,231 $162,892
======== ========
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes.
7
<PAGE> 9
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
================================================================================
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Years ended December 31,
1998 1997 1996
-------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales $171,511 $187,756 $159,353
Cost and expenses:
Cost of sales 116,427 105,991 88,578
Research and development 20,400 17,513 13,968
Selling, general and administrative 21,107 21,364 19,928
Goodwill write-down 1,000 -- --
-------- -------- --------
158,934 144,868 122,474
-------- -------- --------
Income from operations 12,577 42,888 36,879
Interest income 3,469 2,999 1,960
-------- -------- --------
Income before income taxes 16,046 45,887 38,839
Provision for income taxes 4,400 16,700 14,600
-------- -------- --------
Net income $ 11,646 $ 29,187 $ 24,239
======== ======== ========
Earnings per share:
Basic $ 1.20 $ 3.09 $ 2.62
======== ======== ========
Diluted $ 1.17 $ 2.93 $ 2.50
======== ======== ========
Weighted average shares used in computing earnings per share:
Basic 9,726 9,437 9,268
======== ======== ========
Diluted 9,970 9,950 9,677
======== ======== ========
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes.
8
<PAGE> 10
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
================================================================================
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(in thousands) Years ended December 31,
Cash flows from operating activities: 1998 1997 1996
-------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net income $ 11,646 $ 29,187 $ 24,239
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net
cash provided from operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 2,799 2,148 1,653
Loss on asset write-downs and disposals 420 -- --
Goodwill write-down 1,000 -- --
Purchase consideration paid with stock -- 551 589
Deferred income taxes (636) 204 (310)
Increase (decrease) in accrued retiree
medical benefits (11) 88 57
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable 13,134 (12,764) 8,402
Inventories 19,022 (29,317) 5,662
Prepaid expenses (63) (312) (193)
Accounts payable (13,150) 11,702 (2,989)
Commissions payable (780) 98 (170)
Income taxes payable 49 2,669 (5,200)
Customer advances 3,978 -- --
Accrued compensation, warranty and
other liabilities (1,771) 1,078 (1,597)
-------- -------- --------
Net cash provided from operating
activities 35,637 5,332 30,143
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of short-term investments (21,280) (23,779) (28,326)
Maturities of short-term investments 22,837 38,291 --
Purchases of property, plant and equipment (1,726) (4,129) (5,136)
Other assets 36 (40) --
-------- -------- --------
Net cash provided from (used for)
investing activities (133) 10,343 (33,462)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Issuance of stock, net 2,322 1,671 961
Dividends paid (3,116) (2,270) (1,856)
-------- -------- --------
Net cash used for financing activities (794) (599) (895)
-------- -------- --------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 34,710 15,076 (4,214)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 39,736 24,660 28,874
-------- -------- --------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 74,446 $ 39,736 $ 24,660
======== ======== ========
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the year for:
Income taxes, net of refunds $ 5,191 $ 13,827 $ 20,110
</TABLE>
upper half
<PAGE> 11
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
================================================================================
(in thousands, except par value and per share amounts)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996
---------------------------------------------------------
Common Stock Paid in Retained
$1 par value excess of par earnings Total
------------ ------------- ------------ ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at December 31, 1995 $9,092 $ 4,252 $ 58,685 $ 72,029
Cash dividends -- $.20 per share -- -- (1,856) (1,856)
Daymarc acquisition 29 560 -- 589
Repurchase and retirement of stock (1) (30) -- (31)
Exercise of stock options 221 771 -- 992
Tax benefit from stock options -- 310 -- 310
Net income -- -- 24,239 24,239
------ ------- -------- --------
Balance at December 31, 1996 9,341 5,863 81,068 96,272
Cash dividends -- $.24 per share -- -- (2,270) (2,270)
Daymarc acquisition 18 533 -- 551
Repurchase and retirement of stock (3) (67) -- (70)
Exercise of stock options 185 1,350 -- 1,535
Shares issued under employee stock
purchase plan 8 198 -- 206
Tax benefit from stock options -- 800 -- 800
Net income -- -- 29,187 29,187
------ ------- -------- --------
Balance at December 31, 1997 9,549 8,677 107,985 126,211
Cash dividends -- $.32 per share -- -- (3,116) (3,116)
Repurchase and retirement of stock (1) (27) -- (28)
Exercise of stock options 195 1,452 -- 1,647
Shares issued under employee stock
purchase plan 36 667 -- 703
Tax benefit from stock options -- 400 -- 400
Net income -- -- 11,646 11,646
------ ------- -------- --------
Balance at December 31, 1998 $9,779 $11,169 $116,515 $137,463
====== ======= ======== ========
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes.
bottom half
9
<PAGE> 12
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
================================================================================
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
PRESENTATION - The consolidated financial statements include the accounts
of Cohu, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (the "Company"). All significant
intercompany accounts and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
INVESTMENTS - Highly liquid investments with insignificant interest rate
risk and original maturities of three months or less are classified as cash and
cash equivalents. Investments with maturities greater than three months are
classified as short-term investments. All of the Company's investments are
classified as available-for-sale and are reported at fair value with unrealized
gains and losses, net of tax, recorded in stockholders' equity. Gross unrealized
gains and losses were not significant at December 31, 1998 and 1997. The Company
manages its cash equivalents and short-term investments as a single portfolio of
highly marketable securities, all of which are intended to be available for the
Company's current operations.
CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK - Financial instruments that potentially
subject the Company to significant credit risk consist principally of cash
equivalents, short-term investments and trade accounts receivable. The Company
invests in a variety of financial instruments and by policy limits the amount of
credit exposure with any one issuer. The Company's customers include
semiconductor manufacturers and others located throughout the world. The Company
performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and generally requires no
collateral.
LONG-LIVED ASSETS - Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and
equipment is calculated principally on the straight-line method based on
estimated useful lives of five to forty years for buildings and building
improvements and three to ten years for machinery and equipment. Through
December 31, 1998, goodwill was amortized on the straight-line method over
twenty years. Commencing January 1999 goodwill will be amortized over four
years. The carrying amount and useful life of long-lived assets are reviewed if
facts and circumstances suggest there has been impairment. If this review
indicates that long-lived assets will not be recoverable, as determined based on
estimated undiscounted cash flows, the carrying amount and useful life are
reduced.
EARNINGS PER SHARE - Earnings per share are computed in accordance with
FASB Statement No. 128, Earnings per Share. Basic earnings per share are
computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during
each period. Diluted earnings per share include the dilutive effect of common
shares potentially issuable upon the exercise of stock options. In 1998 options
to purchase 238,000 shares of common stock at an average exercise price of
$33.62 were excluded from the diluted computation. The following table
reconciles the denominators used in computing basic and diluted earnings per
share:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(in thousands) 1998 1997 1996
----- ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Weighted average common
shares outstanding 9,726 9,437 9,268
Effect of dilutive
stock options 244 513 409
------ ----- -----
9,970 9,950 9,677
===== ===== =====
</TABLE>
INVENTORIES - Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, determined on a
current average or first-in, first-out basis, or market.
REVENUE RECOGNITION - Revenue is generally recognized upon shipment or, in
instances where products are required to meet certain customer requirements,
upon successful completion of such requirements. Product warranty costs are
accrued in the period sales are recognized.
STOCK BASED COMPENSATION - The Company applies APB Opinion No. 25 and
related interpretations in accounting for its stock option and employee stock
purchase plans.
USE OF ESTIMATES - The preparation of financial statements in conformity
with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make
estimates and assumptions about the future that effect the amounts reported in
the consolidated financial statements. These estimates include assessing the
collectibility of accounts receivable, usage and recoverability of inventory and
long-lived assets and incurrence of warranty costs. Actual results could differ
from those estimates.
2. FOURTH QUARTER ADJUSTMENTS
In the fourth quarter of 1998 the Company recorded net pretax charges for
inventory and related reserves of approximately $3,500,000 and a goodwill
write-down of $1,000,000 primarily as a result of changes in customer demand for
certain semiconductor handler products. In addition, the credit for income taxes
in the fourth quarter of 1998 was favorably impacted by approximately $1,000,000
as a result of the settlement of tax examinations for earlier years.
3. INVESTMENTS
Investments at December 31, 1998 and 1997, were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(in thousands) 1998 1997
------- -------
<S> <C> <C>
U.S. Treasuries and obligations of U.S. Government Agencies $ -- $ 1,000
Corporate debt securities 79,554 48,852
------ ------
Total investments 79,554 49,852
Less amounts classified as cash equivalents (67,297) (36,038)
------- -------
Short-term investments $12,257 $13,814
======= =======
</TABLE>
10
<PAGE> 13
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
================================================================================
At December 31, 1998 and 1997 the estimated fair value of the Company's
investments approximated amortized cost and, except for $3,138,000 of
investments at December 31, 1998 that mature in 2000, all investments mature in
1999.
4. LINE OF CREDIT
The Company maintains a $10,000,000 unsecured bank line-of-credit facility
bearing interest at the bank's prime reference rate. The facility requires
compliance with certain financial covenants and expires in May 1999. No
borrowings were outstanding at December 31, 1998 or 1997.
5. INCOME TAXES
Significant components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(in thousands) 1998 1997 1996
------ ------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Current:
Federal $4,329 $14,131 $12,283
State 707 2,365 2,627
------ ------- -------
Total current 5,036 16,496 14,910
Deferred:
Federal (478) 189 (256)
State (158) 15 (54)
------ ------- -------
Total deferred (636) 204 (310)
------ ------- -------
$4,400 $16,700 $14,600
====== ======= =======
</TABLE>
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences
between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting
and tax purposes. Significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets
and liabilities are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(in thousands) December 31,
Deferred tax assets: 1998 1997
------- -------
<S> <C> <C>
Reserves and accrued warranty costs $ 9,531 $ 8,236
Accrued state income taxes 203 662
Accrued employee benefits 1,164 1,157
Other 573 608
------- -------
Total deferred tax assets 11,471 10,663
------- -------
Deferred tax liabilities:
Tax over book depreciation 1,514 1,342
------- -------
Net deferred tax assets $ 9,957 $ 9,321
======= =======
</TABLE>
The reconciliation of income tax computed at the U.S. federal statutory tax
rate to the provision for income taxes is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(in thousands) 1998 1997 1996
------- ------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Tax at U.S. statutory rate $ 5,616 $16,060 $13,594
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit 357 1,547 1,672
FSC benefit (641) (1,477) (1,100)
Nondeductible goodwill and performance-based
consideration expense 405 248 261
Settlement of prior year tax examinations (1,049) -- --
Other -- net (288) 322 173
------- ------- -------
$ 4,400 $16,700 $14,600
======= ======= =======
</TABLE>
6. STOCKHOLDER RIGHTS PLAN
In November 1996 the Company adopted a Stockholder Rights Plan and declared
a dividend distribution of one Right for each share of Common Stock, payable to
holders of record on December 3, 1996. Under certain conditions, each Right may
be exercised to purchase 1/100 of a share of Series A Preferred Stock at a
purchase price of $90, subject to adjustment. The Rights are not presently
exercisable and will only become exercisable following the occurrence of certain
specified events. If these specified events occur, each Right will be adjusted
to entitle its holder to receive upon exercise Common Stock having a value equal
to two times the exercise price of the Right or each Right will be adjusted to
entitle its holder to receive common stock of the acquiring company having a
value equal to two times the exercise price of the Right, depending on the
circumstances. The Rights expire on November 14, 2006 and may be redeemed by the
Company for $0.001 per Right. The Rights do not have voting or dividend rights
and, until they become exercisable, have no dilutive effect on the earnings per
share of the Company.
7. SEGMENT AND RELATED INFORMATION
The Company has two reportable segments as defined by FASB Statement No.
131, Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information.
Statement No. 131 became effective in 1998 and segment data for prior periods
has been restated to conform to the provisions of this statement. The Company's
reportable segments are business units that offer different products and are
managed separately because each business requires different technology and
marketing strategies. The semiconductor equipment segment designs, manufactures
and sells semiconductor test handling equipment to semiconductor manufacturers
throughout the world and accounted for 80% of net sales in 1998. The television
camera segment designs, manufactures and sells closed circuit television cameras
and systems to original equipment manufacturers, contractors and government
agencies and accounted for 12% of net sales in 1998. The Company's other
operating segments include a metal detection business and a microwave radio
equipment company. Neither of these other segments met any of the quantitative
thresholds for determining reportable segments. Information regarding industry
segments for 1998, 1997, and 1996 contained in the Selected Financial Data on
page 2 is an integral part of these financial statements.
The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those
described in the summary of significant accounting policies. The Company
allocates resources and evaluates the performance of segments based on pretax
profit or loss from operations, excluding unusual gains or losses. Intersegment
sales were not significant for any period.
One customer of the semiconductor equipment segment accounted for 22%, 17%,
and 12% of net sales in 1998, 1997, and 1996, respectively. Another customer of
the same segment accounted for 17%, 11%, and 14%, of net
11
<PAGE> 14
sales in 1998, 1997, and 1996, respectively. A third customer of this segment
accounted for 12% of net sales in 1998 and 14% in 1997.
Assets located in foreign countries were not significant. Net sales to
customers, attributed to countries based on the location of the customer, were
as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(in thousands) 1998 1997 1996
-------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
United States $ 96,645 $ 90,820 $ 87,673
Malaysia 19,222 23,210 10,224
Philippines 19,141 14,736 7,867
Singapore 8,101 11,810 17,659
Taiwan 6,301 15,157 9,432
Other foreign countries 22,101 32,023 26,498
-------- -------- --------
Total $171,511 $187,756 $159,353
======== ======== ========
</TABLE>
8. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
RETIREMENT PLANS - The Company has voluntary defined contribution
retirement 401(k) plans whereby it will match contributions up to 4% of employee
compensation. Company contributions to the plans were $1,179,000 in 1998,
$991,000 in 1997, and $841,000 in 1996. Certain of the Company's foreign
employees participate in a defined benefit pension plan. The related expense and
benefit obligation of this plan were not significant.
RETIREE MEDICAL BENEFITS - The Company provides post-retirement health
benefits under a noncontributory plan to certain executives and directors. The
net periodic benefit cost was $78,000, $95,000, and $78,000 in 1998, 1997, and
1996, respectively. The Company funds benefits as costs are incurred. Benefits
paid and other changes in the benefit obligation for each of the three years in
the period ended December 31, 1998 were not significant. The weighted average
discount rate used in determining the accumulated post-retirement benefit
obligation was 7.0% in 1998 and 7.5% in 1997 and 1996. Annual rates of increase
of the cost of health benefits were assumed to be approximately 8.50% in 1999.
These rates were then assumed to decrease 0.25% per year to 6% in 2009 and
remain level thereafter. A 1% increase (decrease) in health care cost trend
rates would increase (decrease) the 1998 net periodic benefit cost by
approximately $12,000 ($10,000) and the accumulated post-retirement benefit
obligation as of December 31, 1998 by approximately $137,000 ($113,000).
EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN - In May 1997 the Company adopted the Cohu,
Inc. 1997 Employee Stock Purchase Plan providing for the issuance of a maximum
of 300,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock. Under the Plan, eligible
employees may purchase shares of common stock through payroll deductions. The
price paid for the common stock is equal to 85% of the fair market value of the
Company's Common Stock on specified dates. In 1998 and 1997, 35,479 and 7,890
shares, respectively, were issued under the Plan.
The estimated weighted average fair values of purchase rights granted in
1998 and 1997 were $9.01 and $10.51, respectively. The fair value of the
purchase rights was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with
the following assumptions for 1998 and 1997; risk-free interest rates ranging
from 4.4% to 5.3%; dividend yield of 1%; expected life of 6 months and
volatility of 54% to 56%.
STOCK OPTIONS - Under the Company's stock option plans, options may be
granted to key employees and outside directors to purchase a fixed number of
shares of the Company's Common Stock at prices not less than 100% of the fair
market value at the date of grant. The Cohu, Inc. 1996 Outside Directors Stock
Option Plan was approved by the Company's stockholders in May 1997. All options
become exercisable one-fourth annually beginning one year after the grant date
and expire 10 years from the grant date. Options to purchase a total of 239,750
and 221,600 shares were granted to employees in exchange for an equal number of
canceled options pursuant to exchange plans approved by the Board of Directors
in November 1996 and December 1998, respectively. The newly granted options have
exercise prices equal to the fair market value on the date of grant and become
exercisable over the four-year periods ended November 2000 and December 2002. At
December 31, 1998 447,949 and 60,000 shares were available for future grants
under the employee and outside director plans, respectively.
The estimated weighted average fair value of options granted during 1998,
1997 and 1996 was $13.19, $15.60, and $9.24, respectively. The fair value of
each option grant was estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes
option-pricing model with the following assumptions for 1998, 1997, and 1996:
risk-free interest rates ranging from 4.2% to 6.8%; dividend yield of 1%;
expected life of 5 years and volatility of 48% to 56%.
Had compensation cost for the Company's stock option and purchase plan
grants from 1995 through 1998 been determined based on the fair value at the
date of grant accounting consistent with FASB Statement No. 123, Accounting for
Stock-Based Compensation, the Company's pro forma net income and earnings per
share would have been as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(in thousands,
except per share) 1998 1997 1996
------- ------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Pro forma net income $10,598 $28,035 $24,178
Pro forma earnings per share:
Basic 1.09 2.97 2.61
Diluted 1.08 2.85 2.51
</TABLE>
The Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in
estimating the fair value of traded options which have no vesting restrictions
and are fully transferable. Because the Company's employee stock option and
purchase plans have characteristics significantly different from those of traded
options, in management's opinion, this model does not necessarily provide a
reliable single measure of the fair value of its employee stock option and
purchase plans.
12
<PAGE> 15
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
================================================================================
Stock option activity under all option plans was as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(in thousands, except per
share data) 1998 1997 1996
------------------ ------------------ -----------------
WT. AVG. WT. AVG. WT. AVG.
SHARES EX. PRICE SHARES EX. PRICE SHARES EX. PRICE
------ --------- ------ --------- ------ ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Outstanding, beginning of year 857 $17.13 839 $11.28 878 $ 9.11
Granted 403 26.71 234 31.28 471 20.17
Exercised (195) 8.44 (185) 8.29 (221) 4.48
Canceled (266) 32.62 (31) 18.71 (289) 24.41
---- ------ ---- ------ ---- ------
Outstanding, end of year 799 $18.93 857 $17.13 839 $11.28
=== ====== === ====== === ======
Options exercisable at year end 305 $12.44 341 $ 9.53 378 $ 7.74
=== ====== === ======= === =======
</TABLE>
Information about stock options outstanding at December 31, 1998 is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(options in thousands)
Options Outstanding Options Exercisable
----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
Number Approximate Wt. Avg. Number
Range of Outstanding Remaining Wt. Avg. Exercisable Wt. Avg.
Exercisable Prices at 12/31/98 Life Ex. Price at 12/31/98 Ex. Price
- ------------------ ----------- -------------------- --------- ----------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
$ 8.06 to $ 9.69 175 5.6 years $ 8.08 175 $ 8.08
15.38 to 27.00 565 8.9 years 20.05 130 18.24
35.75 to 43.50 59 9.2 years 40.32 -- --
--- ------ --- ------
799 $18.93 305 $12.44
=== ====== === ======
</TABLE>
================================================================================
REPORT OF ERNST & YOUNG LLP, INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Cohu, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Cohu, Inc.
as of December 31, 1998 and 1997, and the related consolidated statements of
income, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the
period ended December 31, 1998. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly,
in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Cohu, Inc. at
December 31, 1998 and 1997, and the consolidated results of its operations and
its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31,
1998, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP
San Diego, California
January 27, 1999
13
<PAGE> 16
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
================================================================================
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
1998 COMPARED TO 1997
In 1998 the Company was impacted by the worldwide slowdown in demand for
semiconductor equipment and as a result net sales decreased 9% to $171.5 million
in 1998 compared to net sales of $187.8 million in 1997. Sales of semiconductor
equipment in 1998 decreased 11% compared to 1997 and accounted for 80% of
consolidated net sales in 1998 versus 81% in 1997. In 1998 sales of television
cameras accounted for 12% of sales while the combined sales of metal detection
and microwave radio equipment contributed 8% of sales. Export sales accounted
for 44% of net sales in 1998 compared to 52% in 1997.
Gross margin as a percentage of net sales declined to 32.1% in 1998 versus
43.5% in 1997 primarily due to lower margins in the semiconductor equipment
business. Within the semiconductor equipment segment, margins decreased in 1998
primarily as a result of provisions for warranty and excess inventories, changes
in product mix, including new handler products that had significantly lower
margins, reduced business volume, sales price reductions and certain cost
increases. Research and development expense as a percentage of net sales
increased to 11.9% in 1998 compared to 9.3% in 1997 as a result of an increase
in new product development efforts in the semiconductor equipment business.
Selling, general and administrative ("S, G & A") expense as a percentage of net
sales increased to 12.3% in 1998 from 11.4% in 1997 primarily as a result of the
decrease in business volume offset by a reduction in performance-based
compensation expense. Interest income was $3.5 million in 1998 and $3 million in
1997. The provision for income taxes expressed as a percentage of pre-tax income
was 27.4% in 1998 vs. 36.4% in 1997. The decrease in the effective tax rate was
largely attributable to a decline in state income taxes and the favorable impact
of the settlement of tax examinations for earlier years.
In the fourth quarter of 1998 the Company recorded net pretax charges for
inventory and related reserves of approximately $3.5 million and a goodwill
write-down of $1 million primarily as a result of changes in customer demand for
certain semiconductor handler products. The goodwill write-down was based on an
analysis of future estimated undiscounted cash flows. In addition, the credit
for income taxes in the fourth quarter of 1998 was favorably impacted by
approximately $1 million as a result of the settlement of tax examinations for
earlier years.
1997 COMPARED TO 1996
Net sales increased 18% to $187.8 million in 1997 compared to net sales of
$159.4 million in 1996. Sales of semiconductor test handling equipment increased
21% and accounted for 81% of consolidated net sales in 1997 versus 79% in 1996.
In 1997 sales of television cameras accounted for 13% of sales and metal
detection and microwave radio equipment contributed 6% of sales. Export sales
accounted for 52% of net sales in 1997 compared to 45% in 1996.
Gross margin as a percentage of net sales was 43.5% in 1997 versus 44.4% in
1996 as a result of lower margins in the semiconductor equipment business.
Within the semiconductor equipment segment, margins decreased in 1997 as a
result of changes in product mix and certain cost increases. Research and
development expense as a percentage of net sales was 9.3% in 1997 up from 8.8%
in 1996 and reflected the Company's increased investment in new product
development, particularly in the semiconductor equipment business. S, G & A
expense as a percentage of net sales declined to 11.4% in 1997 from 12.5% in
1996 as the percentage increase in net sales exceeded the percentage increase in
S, G & A. Interest income in 1997 increased 53% to $3 million due to the
significant increase in average cash equivalents and short-term investments
during 1997. The provision for income taxes expressed as a percentage of pre-tax
income was 36.4% in 1997 vs. 37.6% in 1996. The decrease in the effective tax
rate was largely attributable to a decline in state income taxes.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The Company's net cash flows generated from operating activities in 1998
totaled $35.6 million. The major components of cash flows from operating
activities were net income of $11.6 million and decreases in accounts receivable
and inventories of $13.1 million and $19.0 million, respectively, offset by a
decrease in accounts payable of $13.2 million. The decreases in accounts
payable, accounts receivable and inventories were attributable to the decrease
in sales volume between December 1997 and 1998. Net cash used for investing
activities was $.1 million in 1998. Cash provided by investing activities
included a decrease in short-term investments of $1.6 million offset by
purchases of property, plant and equipment totaling $1.7 million. Net cash used
for financing activities was $.8 million. Cash used for financing activities
included $3.1 million for the payment of dividends offset by $2.3 million
received from the issuance of stock under the Company's stock option and
purchase plans. The Company had $10 million available under its bank line of
credit and working capital of $120.1 million at December 31, 1998. The Company
anticipates that present working capital will be sufficient to meet the
Company's 1999 operating requirements including estimated capital expenditures
during 1999 of approximately $4 million.
BUSINESS AND MARKET RISKS
INDUSTRY CYCLES
The Company's operating results are substantially dependent on its
semiconductor equipment business. This capital equipment business is in turn
highly dependent on the overall strength of the semiconductor industry.
Historically, the semiconductor industry has been highly cyclical with recurring
periods of oversupply and excess capacity, which often have had a significant
effect on the semiconductor industry's demand for capital equipment, including
equipment of the type manufactured and marketed by the Company. The Company
believes that the markets for newer generations of semiconductors may also be
subject to similar cycles and severe downturns such as those experienced in 1996
and 1998. Reductions in capital equipment investment by semiconductor
manufacturers will adversely affect the Company's financial position and results
of operations.
14
<PAGE> 17
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
================================================================================
RAPID TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND NEW PRODUCTS
Semiconductor equipment and processes are subject to rapid technological
change. The Company believes that its future success will depend in part on its
ability to enhance existing products and develop new products with improved
performance capabilities. The Company expects to continue to invest heavily in
research and development and must manage product transitions successfully as
introductions of new products could adversely impact sales or margins of
existing products. In addition, the introduction of new products increases the
risk that existing products will become obsolete resulting in greater excess and
obsolete inventory exposure. This increased exposure may result in increased
inventory reserve requirements similar to or in excess of those recorded in 1998
that could have a material adverse impact on the Company's financial condition
and results of operations.
The design, development, manufacture and commercial introduction of new
semiconductor test handling equipment is an inherently complex process that
involves a number of risks and uncertainties. These risks include potential
problems in meeting customer performance requirements, integration of the test
handler with other suppliers' equipment and the customers' manufacturing
processes and the ability of the equipment to satisfy the semiconductor
industry's constantly evolving needs and achieve commercial acceptance at prices
that produce satisfactory profit margins. The design and development of new test
handling equipment is heavily influenced by changes in integrated circuit (IC)
back-end manufacturing processes and IC package design changes. The Company
believes that the rate of change in such processes and IC packages is
accelerating. As a result of these changes and other factors, assessing the
market potential and commercial viability of new test handling products is
extremely difficult and subject to a great deal of risk. In addition, not all IC
manufacturers employ the same manufacturing processes. Differences in such
processes make it difficult to design standard semiconductor test handler
products that are capable of achieving broad market acceptance. No assurance can
be made that the Company will accurately assess the semiconductor industry's
future test handler requirements and design and develop products that meet such
requirements and achieve market acceptance. Failure to accurately assess
customer requirements and market trends for new semiconductor test handler
products may have a materially adverse impact on the Company's operations,
financial condition and results of operations.
The transition from product development to the manufacture of new
semiconductor equipment is a difficult process and delays in product
introductions are common. During 1998 the Company experienced delays in the
introduction of its new Enterprise and Castle test handlers and difficulties in
manufacturing and volume production of these products. In addition, after sale
support and warranty costs are typically greater with new test handlers than
with established products. There can be no assurance that future technologies,
processes and product developments will not render the Company's current or
future product offerings obsolete or that the Company will be able to develop
and introduce new products or enhancements to its existing products in a timely
manner to satisfy customer needs or achieve market acceptance. Furthermore,
there is no assurance that the Company will realize acceptable profit margins on
such products.
HIGHLY COMPETITIVE INDUSTRY
The semiconductor equipment industry is intensely competitive and the
Company faces substantial competition from numerous companies throughout the
world. Some of these competitors have substantially greater financial,
engineering, manufacturing and customer support capabilities and offer more
extensive product offerings than the Company. In addition, there are smaller,
emerging semiconductor equipment companies that provide or may provide
innovative technology incorporated in products that may compete favorably
against those of the Company. The Company expects its competitors to continue to
improve the design and performance of their current products and to introduce
new products with improved performance capabilities. Failure to introduce new
products in a timely manner, the introduction by competitors of products with
perceived or actual advantages or disputes over rights of the Company or its
competitors to use certain intellectual property or technology could result in a
loss of the Company's competitive position and reduced sales of or margins on
existing products.
CUSTOMER CONCENTRATION
As is common in the semiconductor equipment industry, the Company relies on
a limited number of customers for a substantial percentage of its net sales. In
1998, three customers of the semiconductor equipment segment accounted for 51%
of the Company's net sales. The loss of or a significant reduction in orders by
these or other significant customers would adversely impact the Company's
financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, the concentration of
the Company's revenues in a limited number of large customers may cause
significant fluctuations in the Company's future annual and quarterly operating
results.
FOREIGN SALES
In 1998, 44% of the Company's total net sales were exported to foreign
countries, including 51% of the sales in the semiconductor equipment segment.
The majority of the Company's export sales are made to destinations in Asia.
Instability in global economic markets, particularly in Asia, may adversely
impact the demand for capital equipment, including equipment of the type
manufactured and marketed by the Company. In addition, changes in the amount or
price of semiconductors produced in Asia could impact the profitability or
capital equipment spending programs of the Company's foreign and domestic
customers.
WORK FORCE REDUCTIONS
During 1996 and 1998 the Company reduced the size of its work force and
implemented other cost reduction measures. Cost reduction measures may have a
negative impact on the Company's operations and operating results.
15
<PAGE> 18
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
================================================================================
Furthermore, no assurance can be made that such cost reduction measures will be
implemented successfully.
MARKET RISKS
At December 31, 1998 the Company's investment portfolio includes
fixed-income securities of $79.6 million. These securities are subject to
interest rate risk and will decline in value if interest rates increase. Due to
the short duration of the Company's investment portfolio, an immediate 10
percent increase in interest rates would have no material impact on the
Company's financial condition or results of operations.
The Company generally conducts business, including sales to foreign
customers, in U. S. dollars and as a result has limited foreign currency
exchange rate risk. Monetary assets and liabilities of the Company's Singapore
and Taiwan operations are not significant. The effect of an immediate 10 percent
change in foreign exchange rates would not have a material impact on the
Company's financial condition or results of operations.
YEAR 2000 RISKS
The Company has a Year 2000 ("Y2K") Task Force focusing on four key
readiness areas: 1) Internal Infrastructure Readiness, addressing internal
hardware and software, including both information technology and non-information
technology systems; 2) Product Readiness, addressing product functionality; 3)
Supplier Readiness, addressing the preparedness of key suppliers to the Company
and 4) Customer Readiness, addressing customer support. For each readiness area,
the Company is performing a risk assessment, conducting testing and remediation,
developing contingency plans to mitigate unknown risks and communicating with
employees, suppliers, customers and other third parties to raise awareness of
the Y2K problem.
Internal Infrastructure Readiness: The Company, assisted by third parties,
has completed an assessment of internal applications and computer hardware. Some
software applications have been made Y2K compliant and resources have been
assigned to address other applications based on their importance and the time
required to make them Y2K compliant. All software remediation is expected to be
completed no later than June 1999. The Y2K compliance evaluation of hardware,
including hubs, routers, telecommunication equipment, workstations and other
items is expected to be completed by April 1999. In addition to applications and
information technology hardware, the Company is in the process of assessing,
testing and remediating its non-information technology systems including
embedded systems, facilities and other operations, such as financial and banking
systems.
Product Readiness: This program focuses on identifying and resolving Y2K
issues existing in the Company's products. The program encompasses a number of
activities including testing, evaluation, engineering and manufacturing
implementation. Customers are being notified of known risk areas and proposed
remediation plans. The Company plans to make Y2K retrofits available to certain
customers during the first calendar quarter of 1999 and to have retrofits
available for all customers by June 1999. A contingency team will be available
after June 1999 to assist those customers experiencing difficulties with the
Company's products.
Supplier Readiness: This program focuses on minimizing the risks associated
with key suppliers. The Company has identified and contacted key suppliers to
solicit information on their Y2K readiness. To date, the Company has received
responses from the majority of its key suppliers most of whom indicate that they
believe products provided to the Company are either Y2K compliant or will be
made Y2K complaint on a timely basis. Based on the Company's assessment of each
supplier's progress to adequately address the Y2K issue, the Company is
developing a supplier action list and contingency plans. Supplier readiness
issues that potentially affect the Company's products are expected to be
addressed by April 1999.
Customer Readiness: This program focuses on customer support, including the
coordination of retrofit activity and developing contingency plans where
appropriate. The Company is currently working with its customers to develop and
implement potential retrofit or upgrade programs and offering assistance in
making its products Y2K compliant.
The Company estimates that total Y2K costs will be approximately $500,000,
the great majority of which will be incurred by January 2000. Y2K costs incurred
through December 31, 1998 have been charged to operations and have not been
material. The Company is continuing its assessments and developing alternatives
that will necessitate refinement of this estimate over time. There can be no
assurance, however, that there will not be a delay in, or increased costs
associated with, the programs described in this section.
Since the efforts described above are ongoing, all potential Y2K
complications have not yet been identified. Therefore, the potential impact of
these complications on the Company's financial condition and results of
operations cannot be determined at this time. If computer systems used by the
Company or its suppliers, the performance of products provided to the Company by
suppliers, or the software applications used in products manufactured and sold
by the Company, fail or experience significant difficulties related to Y2K, the
Company's results of operations and financial condition could be materially
adversely affected.
Due to all the above and other factors, historical results may not be
indicative of results of operations for any future period. In addition, certain
matters discussed above are forward-looking statements that are subject to the
risks and uncertainties noted herein and the other risks and uncertainties
listed from time to time in the Company's filings with the Securities and
Exchange Commission, including but not limited to the 1998 Annual Report on Form
10-K, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected
or forecasted. The Company undertakes no obligation to update the information,
including the forward-looking statements, in this Annual Report.
16
<PAGE> 19
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
WILLIAM S. IVANS
Chairman of the Board
JAMES W. BARNES
Retired President and Chief Executive
Officer of the Company
HARRY L. CASARI
Retired Partner
Ernst & Young LLP
FRANK W. DAVIS
Retired President of Convair
Aerospace Division of
General Dynamics
San Diego, California
HAROLD HARRIGIAN
Retired Partner & Director
of Corporate Finance
Crowell, Weedon & Co.
GENE E. LEARY
Retired Executive at
Honeywell, Inc. and
Control Data Corporation
CHARLES A. SCHWAN
President and Chief Executive Officer
of the Company
CORPORATE OFFICERS
CHARLES A. SCHWAN
President and Chief Executive Officer
JOHN H. ALLEN
Vice President, Finance and
Chief Financial Officer, Secretary
TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR
ChaseMellon Shareholder Services
85 Challenger Road
Ridgefield Park, NJ 07660
(800) 356-2017
www.chasemellon.com
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
Ernst & Young LLP
San Diego, California
LEGAL COUNSEL
Gray Cary Ware & Freidenrich LLP
San Diego, California
COHU STOCK INFORMATION
Cohu, Inc. stock is traded on the NASDAQ National Market under the symbol
"COHU". Cohu declared cash dividends at the rate of $0.08 per share per quarter
in 1998 and $0.06 per share per quarter in 1997.
The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices as reported on the
NASDAQ National Market during the last two years.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1997
-------------- --------------
HIGH LOW High Low
---- --- ---- ---
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
First Quarter $48.63 $28.13 $28.50 $22.25
Second Quarter 39.25 23.50 36.38 21.50
Third Quarter 24.88 14.25 57.50 30.75
Fourth Quarter 25.25 12.00 57.75 29.00
</TABLE>
At December 31, 1998 the Company had approximately 10,000 total stockholders
including 1,407 holders of record.
A COPY OF THE COMPANY'S ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION FOR 1998 AND OTHER INFORMATION ABOUT COHU IS AVAILABLE
WITHOUT CHARGE BY CONTACTING:
Investor Relations
Cohu, Inc.
5755 Kearny Villa Road
San Diego, CA 92123-1111
(619) 514-6203
or visit our website at www.cohu.com
QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands, except per share data)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FIRST SECOND THIRD FOURTH YEAR
------- ------- ------- ------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales: 1998 $56,691 $55,202 $34,277 $25,341 $171,511
1997 34,762 44,642 52,769 55,583 187,756
Gross profit: 1998 23,324 19,577 8,671 3,512 * 55,084
1997 14,854 19,542 23,245 24,124 81,765
Net income
(loss): 1998 8,216 5,313 466 (2,349)* 11,646
1997 4,714 6,926 8,527 9,020 29,187
Earnings (loss)
per share:
Basic 1998 .85 .55 .05 (.24)* 1.20
1997 .50 .74 .90 .95 3.09
Diluted 1998 .82 .53 .05 (.24)* 1.17
1997 .48 .70 .85 .90 2.93
</TABLE>
*Impacted by asset write-downs. See Note 2 to Consolidated Financial Statements
ANNUAL MEETING
The annual meeting of stockholders will be held at 2:00 p.m. on Tuesday, May 11,
1999 at the Company's corporate headquarters.
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 21
Cohu, Inc. has the following wholly owned subsidiaries:
Delta Design, Inc., a Delaware corporation
Fisher Research Laboratory, Inc., a Delaware corporation
Broadcast Microwave Services, Inc., a Delaware corporation
Daymarc, Inc., a Delaware corporation
Cohu Foreign Sales Ltd., a Barbados corporation
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 23
CONSENT OF ERNST & YOUNG LLP, INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Annual Report (Form 10-K)
of Cohu, Inc. of our report dated January 27, 1999, included in the 1998 Annual
Report to Stockholders of Cohu, Inc.
Our audit also included the financial statement schedule of Cohu, Inc. listed in
Item 14(a). This schedule is the responsibility of the Company's management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion based on our audits. In our opinion, the
financial statement schedule referred to above, when considered in relation to
the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material
respects the information set forth therein.
We also consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements
(Form S-8) and in the related Prospectuses pertaining to the Cohu, Inc. 1992,
1994, 1996 and 1998 Stock Option Plans, 1996 Outside Directors Stock Option Plan
and 1997 Employee Stock Purchase Plan of our report dated January 27, 1999, with
respect to the consolidated financial statements of Cohu, Inc., incorporated
herein by reference and our report included in the preceding paragraph with
respect to the financial statement schedule included in this Annual Report (Form
10-K) of Cohu, Inc.
/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP
San Diego, California
March 4, 1999
<TABLE> <S> <C>
<ARTICLE> 5
<LEGEND>
THIS SCHEDULE CONTAINS SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION EXTRACTED FROM 1998
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND IS QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY BY REFERENCE TO SUCH
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
</LEGEND>
<MULTIPLIER> 1,000
<S> <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE> YEAR
<FISCAL-YEAR-END> DEC-31-1998
<PERIOD-START> JAN-01-1998
<PERIOD-END> DEC-31-1998
<CASH> 74,446
<SECURITIES> 12,257
<RECEIVABLES> 18,800
<ALLOWANCES> 0
<INVENTORY> 25,877
<CURRENT-ASSETS> 143,398
<PP&E> 32,404
<DEPRECIATION> 14,791
<TOTAL-ASSETS> 162,231
<CURRENT-LIABILITIES> 23,255
<BONDS> 0
0
0
<COMMON> 9,779
<OTHER-SE> 127,684
<TOTAL-LIABILITY-AND-EQUITY> 162,231
<SALES> 171,511
<TOTAL-REVENUES> 171,511
<CGS> 116,427
<TOTAL-COSTS> 116,427
<OTHER-EXPENSES> 0
<LOSS-PROVISION> 0
<INTEREST-EXPENSE> 0
<INCOME-PRETAX> 16,046
<INCOME-TAX> 4,400
<INCOME-CONTINUING> 11,646
<DISCONTINUED> 0
<EXTRAORDINARY> 0
<CHANGES> 0
<NET-INCOME> 11,646
<EPS-PRIMARY> 1.20
<EPS-DILUTED> 1.17
</TABLE>
