Reg. No.
33-84802
SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC
20549
POST-EFFECTIVE
AMENDMENT NO. 6
TO
REGISTRATION
STATEMENT
UNDER THE
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
MASSACHUSETTS
MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
(Exact name of
registrant as specified in its charter)
MASSACHUSETTS
(State or other
jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
04-1590850
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
1295 State
Street
Springfield,
Massachusetts 01111
(413)
744-8411
(Address,
including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant
s principal executive offices)
Lawrence V.
Burkett, Jr.
Executive Vice
President and General Counsel
Massachusetts
Mutual Life Insurance Company
1295 State
Street
Springfield, MA
01111
(413)
744-6053
(Name, address,
including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for
service)
Approximate date
of commencement of proposed sale to the public: May 1, 2000
If any of the securities being registered on
this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to
Rule 415 under the Securities Act, check the following box. x
MASSACHUSETTS
MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
Cross Reference
Sheet Pursuant to
Regulation S-K,
Item 501(b)
Form S-2 Item
Number and Caption Heading in Prospectus
1. |
|
Forepart of the
Registration Statement and Outside Front Cover
Page of Prospectus |
|
Outside Front Cover
Page |
|
2. |
|
Inside Front and
Outside Back Pages of Prospectus |
|
Inside Front
Cover |
|
3. |
|
Summary
Information, Risk Factors and Ratio of Earnings to
Fixed Charges |
|
Product Description,
Financial Statements |
|
4. |
|
Use of
Proceeds |
|
Investments by
MassMutual |
|
5. |
|
Determination of
Offering Price |
|
Not
Applicable |
|
6. |
|
Dilution |
|
Not
Applicable |
|
7. |
|
Selling Security
Holders |
|
Not
Applicable |
|
8. |
|
Plan of
Distribution |
|
Distribution of
Contracts |
|
9. |
|
Description of
Securities to be Registered |
|
Product
Description |
|
10. |
|
Interests and Named
Experts and Counsel |
|
Not
Applicable |
|
11. |
|
Information with
Respect to the Registrant |
|
MassMutual
Description of the
Business; Managements Discussion
and Analysis; Financial Statements |
|
12. |
|
Incorporation of
Certain Information by Reference |
|
Not
Applicable |
|
13. |
|
Disclosure of
Commission Position on Indemnification for
Securities Act Liabilities |
|
Not
Applicable |
Massachusetts
Mutual
Life Insurance
Company
Fixed Account with
Market Value Adjustment
This prospectus
describes the fixed account with market value adjustment offered by
Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company (MassMutual). The
fixed account is available as an investment option for owners of the
LifeTrust variable annuity contract (the contract). You, the
contract owner, may allocate purchase payments or transfer contract values,
in accordance with the contracts transfer rules, to the fixed account.
Since the fixed account is available only through the contract, you should
carefully review the discussion of the contract contained in the attached
prospectus for the contract. We limit the focus of this prospectus to the
fixed accounts operations and features.
We guarantee specific
rates of interest for amounts you allocate to the fixed account for specific
periods of time. The interest rate we guarantee for a particular period is
an annual effective yield. The guaranteed rates will fluctuate, but we
guarantee they will never go below 3%. Our general account assets, including
amounts allocated to the fixed account, are available to meet the guarantees
associated with the fixed account. These general account assets are also
available to support liabilities arising from other business of the company.
You may make purchase payments and transfers of contract value among the
fixed account and the funds in the contract.
We will apply a
market value adjustment to amounts removed from the fixed
account:
|
if you take a full
or partial withdrawal;
|
|
if you transfer
contract value from the fixed account;
|
|
if we pay a death
benefit upon the death of the contract owner who is not the annuitant;
or
|
|
if we begin making
annuity payments.
|
We will not apply a
market value adjustment if the amounts are removed from the fixed account
during the 30-day period before the end of the guarantee period. The market
value adjustment may be positive or negative. Therefore you may experience a
negative investment return.
Please read this
prospectus before investing in the fixed account. You should keep it for
future reference. It contains important information.
This prospectus must
be accompanied by the LifeTrust variable annuity contract prospectus and the
prospectus for the funds underlying the LifeTrust variable annuity
contract.
|
The SEC has not
approved these contracts or determined that this prospectus is accurate or
complete. Any representation that it has is a criminal
offense.
|
May 1,
2000
Table Of
Contents
We have tried to make
this prospectus as readable and understandable for you as possible. By the
very nature of the contract, however, certain technical words or terms are
unavoidable. We have identified the following as some of these words or
terms. The page that is indicated here is where we believe you will find the
best explanation for the word or term.
|
|
Page |
|
|
Expiration
Date |
|
5 |
|
|
Fixed
Account |
|
3 |
|
|
Guarantee
Period |
|
3 |
|
|
Guaranteed
Rate |
|
5 |
|
|
Market Value
Adjustment |
|
3 |
|
|
Segment |
|
5 |
|
|
Withdrawal |
|
3 |
2
Table of
Contents/Index Of Special Terms
The investment
option described in this prospectus is a fixed account with market
value adjustment (MVA) available in conjunction with the
Life Trust variable annuity (contract). The contract
provides for the accumulation of values prior to maturity and for the
distribution of annuity payments after the maturity date.
Additionally, a death benefit is also available under the
contract.
The earnings
on purchase payments or contract value you allocate to the fixed
account will have an impact on your contracts value, its
maturity value, its cash redemption value and the death benefit. We
believe that we have adequate resources to meet our obligations with
regard to the fixed account and the contract.
We have
described the contract in greater detail in the attached prospectus
for the contract. You should review that prospectus in conjunction
with this prospectus before deciding whether to invest in the
contract or allocate money to the fixed account. The fixed account is
not available in all states.
The Fixed Account and the Market Value Adjustment
Feature
The fixed
account is available during the accumulation phase of the contract.
The fixed account offers different guarantee periods, which provide
the option of earning interest at various guaranteed rates on all or
a portion of your contract value in the fixed account. Please note
that amounts credited to a guarantee period at different times may
have different guaranteed rates, current rates, and expiration dates
since we change the current and guaranteed rates
periodically.
You may
allocate purchase payments or transfer all or a portion of your
contract value to the fixed account. Amounts credited to the fixed
account earn interest at the guaranteed rate applicable for the
guarantee period you select on the date the amounts are credited. The
applicable guaranteed rate does not change during the guarantee
period. The guaranteed rate may never be less than 3%. Allocations to
a guarantee period (or fixed account segment) must be for at least
$1,000. The value of your contract in the fixed account is not
guaranteed against the claims of our creditors.
We may make
guarantee periods available in periods of one to ten years. To the
extent permitted by law, we reserve the right at any time to offer
guarantee periods that differ from those available when we issued
your contract. We also reserve the right, at any time, to stop
accepting purchase payments, transfers or renewals for a particular
guarantee period. Since the specific guarantee periods available may
change periodically, please contact our Annuity Service Center to
determine the guarantee periods we are currently
offering.
Any withdrawal
of your contract value from the fixed account will be subject to a
MVA unless the effective date of the withdrawal is within 30 days
before the end of a guarantee period. If the allocated amount remains
in the fixed account until the applicable expiration date, its value
will be equal to:
|
the amount
originally allocated,
|
|
multiplied
on an annually compounded basis, by its guaranteed
rate.
|
For this
purpose, we also treat transfers, death benefits based on a contract
owners death (where the contract owner and the annuitant are
different), and annuity payments as withdrawals.
We will not
apply a MVA upon the payment of a death benefit following the death
of the annuitant. We will apply the MVA to the amount being
withdrawn, after the deduction of any applicable administrative
charge and before the deduction of any applicable contingent deferred
sales charge. The MVA can be positive or negative. Therefore, the
amount being withdrawn after our application of the MVA can be
greater than or less than the amount withdrawn before our application
of the MVA.
Product
Description
The MVA will
reflect the relationship between the current rate (as defined later)
for the contract value being withdrawn and the guaranteed rate. It
also reflects the time remaining in the applicable guarantee period.
Generally, if the guaranteed rate is lower than the applicable
current rate, then our application of the MVA will result in a lower
payment upon withdrawal. Similarly, if the guaranteed rate is higher
than the applicable current rate, our application of the MVA will
result in a higher payment upon withdrawal.
We determine
the market value adjustment which we apply to the amount being
withdrawn by using the following formula:
MVA =
Amount x[( |
1+i |
)
|
n
|
|
|
] |
|
365 |
|
1 |
1+j |
where,
Amount
is the amount being withdrawn from a given fixed account segment
less any applicable administrative charges; and
i is
the guaranteed rate we are crediting to the contract value subject to
the MVA; and
j, the
current rate, is the guaranteed rate, available as of the
effective date of our application of the MVA, for current allocations
to the fixed account segment whose guarantee period equals the number
of years remaining, both partial and full, for the amount being
withdrawn; and
n, is
the number of days remaining in the guarantee period of the amount
subject to the MVA.
In our
determining j, if we do not currently offer the required
segment, we will base j on the rates available for
currently offered segments.
EXAMPLES
The following
examples illustrate how the MVA operates on amounts held in a
particular segment:
Example
1
$1,000 is
applied on May 10, 1994, into a segment with a 5 year guarantee
period. The guaranteed rate for amounts applied to this segment on
May 10, 1994, is 6%. If the $1,000 is left in that segment until May
10, 1999, it will accumulate at a 6% effective annual rate of
interest for the full 5 years to $1,338.23.
If, however,
you withdraw the full amount from the segment as of May 10,
1998:
(1)
|
The
guaranteed rate applied on May 10, 1998, to amounts credited to a
1-year segment is 4%;
|
(2)
|
The
accumulated amount prior to the application of the MVA as of May
10, 1998, equals:
|
|
$1,000 x
1.06
4
=
$1,262.48
|
(3)
|
The number
of days remaining = 365 and
|
(4)
|
The MVA
equals $24.28, and is calculated according to the following
formula:
|
$24.28 =
$1,262.48 x[( |
1.06 |
)
|
365 |
|
|
] |
|
365 |
|
1 |
1.04 |
Therefore, a
withdrawal on May 10, 1998, of the amount credited to the 5-year
segment on May 10, 1994, is equal to $1,286.76 ($1,262.48 +
$24.28).
Example
2
$1,000 is
applied to a 7-year segment on May 10, 1992, with a guaranteed rate
of 5%. If the $1,000 is left in that segment until May 10, 1999, it
will accumulate at a 5% effective annual rate of interest to
$1,407.10.
If, however,
you withdraw the full amount from the segment as of May 10,
1995:
(1)
|
The
guaranteed rate applied on May 10, 1995, to amounts credited to a
4-year segment is 10%;
|
(2)
|
The
accumulated amount prior to the application of MVA as of May 10,
1995, equals:
|
|
$1,000 x
1.05
3
=
$1,157.63
|
(3)
|
The period
of time from May 10, 1995, to the end of the guarantee period is 4
years or 1460 days, and
|
4
Product
Description
(4)
|
The MVA
equals $-196.56, and is calculated according to the following
formula:
|
$-196.56
= $1,157.63 x[( |
1.05 |
)
|
1460 |
|
|
] |
|
365 |
|
1 |
1.10 |
Therefore, a
withdrawal on May 10, 1995, of the amount credited to the 7-year
segment on May 10, 1992, is equal to $961.07 ($1,157.63- $196.56 =
$961.07).
These
examples are hypothetical and are not indicative of future or past
performance.
Accumulation Phase of a Contract
Variable
annuities are designed to permit you to accumulate values over a
period of time. Generally, you will use such contract values for long
term needs such as retirement planning. Accordingly, amounts you
allocate to the fixed account will be subject to several guarantee
periods over the life of the contract in many instances.
The end of a
guarantee period for a specific amount credited to a segment is
called its expiration date. At least 45 days, but not more than 75
days, before the expiration date for your contract value in the fixed
account segment, we will inform you of the guaranteed rates we are
offering and the guarantee periods available as of the date of such
notice. The guaranteed rates on the date of a renewal may be more or
less than the rates we quoted in such notice.
The guarantee
period normally renews. In the absence of instructions
from you on the expiration date, we will begin crediting interest for
a new guarantee period lasting the same amount of time as the one
that just ended. The contract value in the fixed account segment then
earns interest at the new guaranteed rate applicable at the time of
renewal.
At the
expiration date for a guarantee period, you may also choose different
guarantee periods from among those we are then offering, or you may
transfer all or a portion of the contract value in the fixed account
segment to the funds underlying the contract.
If your fixed
account segment is no longer available to receive new amounts, or you
choose a different segment that is no longer available, we will try
to reach you so that you may make another choice. If you have not
made a choice at this point, we will apply your fixed account
contract value to the fixed account segment with the next shorter
guarantee period available. If that segment is not available, we will
apply your fixed account contract value to the fixed account segment
with the next longer period.
We will make
the final determination about future guarantee rates for future
purchase payments, transfers or renewals. Although we cannot predict
future guarantee rates, they will never be less than three percent
(3%) per year.
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge
We will apply
an MVA if you partially or fully withdraw contract value from the
fixed account segment unless the effective date of the withdrawal is
within 30 days before the end of the guarantee period. When you make
a withdrawal, we will reduce your contract value by the amount you
withdraw from the fixed account segment prior to any MVA.
Any contract
value you withdraw may also be subject to a contingent deferred sales
charge under the contract as follows:
Full
Years Since
Purchase Payment |
|
Contingent
Deferred
Sales Charge |
|
0 |
|
7% |
1 |
|
6% |
|
2 |
|
5% |
3 |
|
4% |
|
4 |
|
3% |
5 |
|
2% |
|
6 |
|
1% |
7 or
more |
|
0% |
Product
Description
We assess a
contingent deferred sales charge because we do not assess a sales
charge when we receive a purchase payment. We base the amount of the
contingent deferred sales charge on the length of time between the
date we receive the particular payment and the date it is
withdrawn.
Purchase
payments you withdraw after 7 full years are not subject to a
contingent deferred sales charge. Amounts in the fixed account,
however, continue to be subject to a market value adjustment. We will
not assess a contingent deferred sales charge against transfers,
certain annuity payments, and certain death benefit payments. For
more information concerning the application of the contingent
deferred sales charge, please consult the contract
prospectus.
6
Product
Description
We must invest
our assets in accordance with the requirements established by
applicable state laws regarding the nature and quality of investments
that may be made by life insurance companies and the percentage of
their assets that may be committed to any particular type of
investment. In general, these laws permit investments, within
specified limits and subject to certain qualifications, in federal,
state and municipal obligations, corporate bonds, preferred and
common stocks, real estate mortgages, real estate, and certain other
investments.
Proceeds from
the fixed account are allocated to a non-unitized segment of our
general account, which is organized as a separate account for
accounting purposes. We will use proceeds to fund our obligations
under the contract and amounts not required to fund such obligations
may accrue to us as profit. Obligations under the contract are also
met through the operation of the divisions to which a contract owner
has allocated accumulated value. All of our general account assets
are available to meet the contract guarantees.
In
establishing guaranteed rates, we take into account the yields
available on the instruments in which we intend to invest the
contract proceeds. Our investment strategy with respect to the
proceeds attributable to allocations made to the fixed account will
generally be to invest in investment-grade debt instruments having
durations tending to match the applicable guarantee
periods.
Distribution of Contracts
MML
Distributors, LLC (MML Distributors) serves as principal
underwriter for the contracts. MML Investors Services, Inc. (
MMLISI) serves as co-underwriter for the contracts. Their
purpose as underwriters is to distribute the contracts. We indirectly
wholly-own MML Distributors and MMLISI. Both are located at 1414 Main
Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01144-1013.
We will pay
commissions to broker-dealers who sell the contracts. We pay
commissions based on a percentage of purchase payments or a
combination percentage of purchase payments and contract value.
Currently, we pay an amount up to 6.25% of purchase payments. We may
pay a commission of up to 0.25% of contract values each contract
year.
From
time-to-time, MML Distributors may enter into special arrangements
with certain broker-dealers. These special arrangements may provide
for the payment of higher compensation to such broker-dealers for
selling the contracts.
Investments/Distribution of Contracts
We have
prepared the accompanying statutory financial information in
conformity with the statutory accounting practices of the National
Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) and the
accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the Commonwealth of
Massachusetts Division of Insurance (statutory accounting
practices).
The
accompanying statutory financial statements are different in some
respects from financial statements prepared in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The more
significant differences are as follows:
(a)
|
acquisition
costs, such as commissions and other costs directly related to
acquiring new business, are charged to current operations as
incurred, whereas GAAP would require these expenses to be
capitalized and recognized over the life of the
policies;
|
(b)
|
statutory
policy reserves are based upon the commissioners reserve
valuation methods and statutory mortality, morbidity and interest
assumptions, whereas GAAP reserves would generally be based upon
net level premium and estimated gross margin methods and
appropriately conservative estimates of future mortality,
morbidity, and interest assumptions;
|
(c)
|
bonds are
generally carried at amortized cost whereas GAAP generally requires
they be reported at fair value;
|
(d)
|
deferred
income taxes are not provided for book-tax timing differences as
would be required by GAAP;
|
(e)
|
payments
received for universal and variable life products, variable
annuities, and investment related products are reported as premium
income and changes in reserves, whereas under GAAP, these payments
would be recorded as deposits to policyholders account
balances; and
|
(f)
|
majority
owned subsidiaries are accounted for using the equity method,
whereas GAAP would require these entities to be
consolidated.
|
We record our
investments in accordance with rules established by the NAIC.
Generally, we value:
|
bonds at
amortized cost, using the interest method;
|
|
preferred
stocks in good standing at cost;
|
|
common
stocks at fair value;
|
|
mortgage
loans at unpaid principal net of unamortized premium or
discount;
|
|
real estate
at cost less accumulated depreciation, impairment allowances, and
mortgage encumbrances;
|
|
policy loans
at the outstanding loan balance less amounts unsecured by the cash
surrender value of the policy;
|
|
short-term
investments at amortized cost; and
|
|
investments
in unconsolidated subsidiaries and affiliates, joint ventures and
other forms of partnerships using the equity method.
|
We calculate
depreciation on real estate using the straight-line and constant
yield methods.
We develop
policyholders reserves for life insurance contracts using
accepted actuarial methods computed principally on the net level
premium and the Commissioners Reserve Valuation Method bases
using the American Experience and the 1941, 1958 and the 1980
Commissioners Standard Ordinary mortality tables with assumed
interest rates ranging from 2.50% to 6.75%.
We develop
reserves for individual annuities, guaranteed investment contracts,
and deposit administration and immediate participation guarantee
contracts based on accepted actuarial methods principally at interest
rates ranging from 2.25% to 11.25%.
Disability
income policy reserves are generally calculated using the two-year
preliminary term, net level premium, and fixed net premium methods,
and various morbidity tables with assumed interest rates ranging from
2.50% to 5.50%.
8
Accounting
Practices
Provision for
federal income taxes are based upon our estimate of our tax
liability. No deferred tax effect is recognized for temporary
differences that may exist between financial reporting and taxable
income. Accordingly, the reporting of miscellaneous temporary
differences, such as reserves and policy acquisition costs, and of
permanent differences such as equity tax, resulted in effective tax
rates, which differ from the statutory tax rate.
In compliance
with regulatory requirements, we maintain an Asset Valuation Reserve (
AVR) and an Interest Maintenance Reserve (IMR
). The AVR and other investment reserves stabilize policyholders
contingency reserves against fluctuations in the value of
stocks, as well as declines in the value of bonds, mortgage loans and
real estate investments. The IMR defers after-tax realized capital
gains and losses, which result from changes in the overall level of
interest rates for all types of fixed income investments and interest
related hedging activities. The IMR amortizes these interest rate
related gains and losses into net investment income using the grouped
method over the remaining life of the investment sold or over the
remaining life of the underlying asset.
In March 1998,
the NAIC adopted the Codification of Statutory Accounting Principles (
Codification). Codification provides a comprehensive
guide of statutory accounting principles for use by insurers in all
states and is expected to become effective January 1, 2001. We will
report the effect of adopting Codification as an adjustment to
policyholders contingency reserves on the effective date. We
are currently reviewing the impact of Codification; however, due to
the nature of certain required accounting changes and their
sensitivity to factors, such as interest rates, we cannot determine
at this time the actual impact of adoption.
The
preparation of financial statements requires us to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities, as well as disclosures of contingent assets and
liabilities, at the date of the financial statements. We must also
make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of revenues
and expenses during the reporting period. Future events, including
changes in the levels of mortality, morbidity, interest rates,
persistency and asset valuations, could cause our actual results to
differ from the estimates we used in the financial
statements.
Accounting
Practices
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations
Management
s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations should be read in conjunction with the audited Statutory
Financial Statements, Notes to Statutory Financial Statements, and
Selected Historical Financial Data. This Managements Discussion
and Analysis reviews our financial condition at December 31, 1999 and
1998, our results of operations for the past three years and, where
appropriate, factors that may affect our future financial
performance.
We and our
subsidiaries comprise a growth-oriented, diversified financial
services company that seeks to provide superior value for
policyholders and other customers by achieving exceptional results.
We are in the business of helping our customers achieve financial
success while protecting their families and business. We are
committed to maintaining a position of preeminent financial strength
by achieving consistent and long-term profitable growth. This will be
done by:
|
developing
and distributing a broad and superior portfolio of innovative
financial products and services,
|
|
sophisticated asset/liability management,
|
|
rigorous
expense control,
|
|
prudent
underwriting standards,
|
|
the adoption
of efforts to improve persistency and retention levels,
and
|
|
continued
commitment to the high credit quality of our general account
investment portfolio.
|
Our efforts
have produced strong financial performance, with statutory net income
of $467 million in 1999, $366 million in 1998 and $257 million in
1997. At December 31, 1999, we had $65.1 billion in total statutory
assets, 2.5 million individual policyholders and $197.1 billion of
individual life insurance in force. Our total adjusted capital, as
defined by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (
NAIC), has grown to $4.9 billion at December 31, 1999,
compared to $4.7 billion at December 31, 1998, and $4.2 billion at
December 31, 1997.
The following
table sets forth the calculation of total adjusted
capital:
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
1999
|
|
1998
|
|
1997
|
|
|
(In
Millions) |
Policyholders
contingency reserves |
|
$3,411 |
|
$3,189 |
|
$2,873 |
Asset
valuation reserve |
|
959 |
|
975 |
|
864 |
One-half of
the
apportioned dividend
liability |
|
530 |
|
505 |
|
472 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
adjusted capital
(1)
|
|
$4,900 |
|
$4,669 |
|
$4,209 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
Defined by
the NAIC as surplus plus consolidated AVR and one half of the
consolidated apportioned dividend liability.
|
In our total
adjusted capital we include $100 million of surplus notes issued in
1994, and $250 million of surplus notes issued in 1993; less a
reserve of $7 million in 1999, $24 million in 1998 and $28 million in
1997 for contingencies associated with the issuance of the notes, as
a component of our policyholders contingency reserves. We
include this special surplus note contingency reserve in investment
reserves.
In 1999, we
had several changes in our senior management. The Board of Directors
appointed Robert J. OConnell as President and Chief Executive
Officer. In addition, Robert W. Crispin is the new head of our life
insurance business. Christine M. Modie has joined us as our new Chief
Information Officer. Howard E. Gunton is our new Chief Financial
Officer. Andrew Oleksiw now leads our international operations. Ivor
K.H. Tham is directing our e-commerce initiatives. John K. Skar is
our new Chief Actuary.
10
Management
s Discussion and Analysis
In January
2000, Robert J. OConnell, President and Chief Executive
Officer, was appointed Chairman of the Board as Thomas B. Wheeler
retired from the position. Mr. Wheeler remains a member of our Board
of Directors.
Objective
testimony to the companys strong performance and market
position is reflected in our ratings: AAA for financial strength from
Standard & Poors; A++ (Superior) for financial strength
from A.M. Best; AAA for claims-paying from Duff & Phelps; and Aa1
(Excellent) for financial strength from Moodys Investors
Services. Each rating agency independently assigns ratings based on
its own separate review and takes into account a variety of factors,
which are subject to change in making its decision. Accordingly,
there can be no assurance of the ratings that will be afforded us in
the future.
Forward-Looking Information
The Private
Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a Safe harbor
for forward- looking statements, which are identified as such
and are accompanied by the identification of important factors, which
could cause a material difference from the forward-looking
statements.
Certain
information contained in this discussion is or may be considered
forward-looking.
Forward-looking statements are those not based on historical
information, but rather, relate to future operations, strategies,
financial results or other developments, and contain terms such as
may, expects, should,
believes, anticipates, intends,
estimates, projects, goals,
objectives or similar expressions.
Forward-looking statements are based upon estimates and
assumptions. These statements may change due to business, economic
and competitive uncertainties and other factors, many of which are
beyond our control. Additionally, our business decisions are also
subject to change. We do not publicly update or revise any
forward-looking statements, as a result of new information, future
developments or otherwise.
Management
s Discussion and Analysis
Total
Company
The following
table sets forth the components of our net income:
|
|
Years
Ended December 31,
|
|
|
1999
|
|
1998
|
|
1997
|
|
% Change
99 vs. 98
|
|
% Change
98 vs. 97
|
|
|
($ In
Millions) |
Revenue: |
Premium
income |
|
$
7,630 |
|
$
7,482 |
|
$
6,765 |
|
|
2 |
% |
|
11 |
% |
Net
investment income |
|
3,076 |
|
2,957 |
|
2,870 |
|
|
4 |
|
|
3 |
|
Fees and
other income |
|
184 |
|
154 |
|
127 |
|
|
19 |
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
revenue |
|
10,890 |
|
10,593 |
|
9,762 |
|
|
3 |
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Benefits
and expenses: |
Policyholders
benefits and payments |
|
7,294 |
|
5,874 |
|
6,584 |
|
|
24 |
|
|
(11 |
) |
Addition to
policyholders reserves and funds |
|
1,127 |
|
2,300 |
|
827 |
|
|
(51 |
) |
|
178 |
|
Commissions |
|
282 |
|
299 |
|
315 |
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
(5 |
) |
Operating
expenses, state taxes, licenses and fees |
|
533 |
|
598 |
|
533 |
|
|
(11 |
) |
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
benefits and expenses |
|
9,236 |
|
9,071 |
|
8,259 |
|
|
2 |
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net gain
from operations before federal income taxes
and dividends |
|
1,654 |
|
1,522 |
|
1,503 |
|
|
9 |
|
|
1 |
|
Federal
income taxes |
|
161 |
|
199 |
|
284 |
|
|
(19 |
) |
|
(30 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net gain
from operations before dividends |
|
1,493 |
|
1,323 |
|
1,219 |
|
|
13 |
|
|
9 |
|
Dividends to
policyholders |
|
1,031 |
|
983 |
|
919 |
|
|
5 |
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net gain
from operations |
|
462 |
|
340 |
|
300 |
|
|
36 |
|
|
13 |
|
Net realized
capital gain (loss) |
|
5 |
|
26 |
|
(43 |
) |
|
(81 |
) |
|
160 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
income |
|
$
467 |
|
$
366 |
|
$
257 |
|
|
28 |
% |
|
42 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
increased in 1999 due to a 44% increase in net income for the
Individual Line, partially offset by an 11% decrease in Retirement
Services. The 1999 increase in net income is attributable to
increased premium, net investment and fee income, a decrease in
addition to policyholders reserves and funds, lower operating
expenses, state taxes, licenses and fees, and federal income taxes,
partially offset by an increase in policyholders benefits and
payments and higher dividends to policyholders.
Net income
increased in 1998 primarily due to a 19% increase in Individual Line
net income and a 166% increase in Retirement Services net income.
Premium income, fees and other income, and net realized capital gains
increased in 1998 in both the Individual Line and Retirement
Services, partially offset by increased addition to policyholders
reserves and funds in both segments.
Premium income
increased in 1999 and 1998. 1999 results are driven by a 33% increase
in Retirement Services, offset by a 17% decrease in the Individual
Line. For 1998, premium income increased by 7% for the Individual
Line and 16% for Retirement Services. See Analysis of Results
of Operations by Line of Business.
12
Management
s Discussion and Analysis
The
components of net investment income are set forth below:
|
|
Years
Ended December 31,
|
|
|
1999
|
|
1998
|
|
1997
|
|
% Change
99 vs. 98
|
|
% Change
98 vs. 97
|
|
|
($ In
Millions) |
Gross
investment income: |
Bonds |
|
$1,856 |
|
$1,887 |
|
|
$1,860 |
|
|
(2 |
)% |
|
1 |
% |
Common
stocks |
|
4 |
|
6 |
|
|
3 |
|
|
(33 |
) |
|
100 |
|
Mortgage
loans |
|
516 |
|
441 |
|
|
446 |
|
|
17 |
|
|
(1 |
) |
Real
estate |
|
352 |
|
336 |
|
|
317 |
|
|
5 |
|
|
6 |
|
Other
investments |
|
195 |
|
104 |
|
|
104 |
|
|
88 |
|
|
- |
|
Policy
loans |
|
397 |
|
385 |
|
|
370 |
|
|
3 |
|
|
4 |
|
Cash and
short-term investments |
|
74 |
|
103 |
|
|
73 |
|
|
(28 |
) |
|
41 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total gross
investment income |
|
3,394 |
|
3,262 |
|
|
3,173 |
|
|
4 |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment
expenses |
|
(336) |
|
(314 |
) |
|
(302 |
) |
|
(7 |
) |
|
(4 |
) |
Interest
expense |
|
(34) |
|
(33 |
) |
|
(35 |
) |
|
(3 |
) |
|
6 |
|
IMR
amortization and gain from separate accounts |
|
52 |
|
42 |
|
|
34 |
|
|
24 |
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
investment income |
|
$3,076 |
|
$2,957 |
|
|
$2,870 |
|
|
4 |
% |
|
3 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment
income increased in 1999 primarily due to a $100 million dividend we
received from our unconsolidated non-insurance subsidiaries,
reflected as gross investment income from other investments in the
chart above. Additionally, in 1999 and 1998 net investment income
increased due to an increase in invested assets in our general
account. Our overall gross portfolio yields were 8.0% in 1999, 8.0%
in 1998 and 8.1% in 1997. In 1999, increasing yields on mortgage
loans and other investments offset declining yields on bonds and real
estate. For 1998, increased yields on real estate and short-term
investments partially offset declining yields on mortgage
loans.
In 1999, gross
bond income decreased due to declining yields, as older higher
yielding bonds were replaced with bonds at lower market rates. This
was partially offset by a 2% increase in the average bond holdings
over 1998. Gross bond income increased in 1998 due to a 2% increase
in our average investment in bonds. Our overall bond yields remained
unchanged in 1998 as private placement interest spreads offset the
impact from lower market interest rates on publicly traded
securities.
Mortgage loan
gross income increased in 1999 due to increased interest income from
the growing portfolio, partially offset by higher yielding loans
leaving the portfolio at maturity or through prepayments. We
attribute the decrease in gross mortgage loan income in 1998 to
declining yields, as older higher yielding loans were replaced with
mortgage loans at lower market rates.
The 1999
increase in real estate gross income is primarily due to a 13%
increase in our average investments in real estate, partially offset
by reduced revenue due to vacancies at two large hotel properties
undergoing renovations. We attribute the increase in gross real
estate income in 1998 to higher yields driven by improvement in
occupancy rates and increases in rents charged per square
foot.
Investment
income from other investments increased in 1999 primarily due to a
$100 million dividend received from our unconsolidated non-insurance
subsidiaries and increased derivative income due to fixed interest
rate swaps, partially offset by lower earnings in joint ventures and
other partnerships. In 1998 there was no change in gross income from
other investments. An increase in earnings on partnerships and joint
ventures was offset in 1998 by a decrease in earnings on preferred
stock, derivative instruments, and affiliated common
stock.
Gross
investment income from cash and short-term investments decreased in
1999 due to a reduction in the accrual of short-term bond discount, a
result of market conditions, and the timing of purchases. In
addition, the average short-term investments decreased in 1999 to
$1,241 million from $1,439 million in 1998. The 1998 increase in
gross income from cash and short-term investments is the result of an
increase
in the average short-term holdings to $1,439 million in 1998 from
$1,370 million in 1997 and a significant improvement in market yields
on these securities.
In 1999,
investment expenses increased due to higher salary and benefit costs,
partially offset by lower investment real estate depreciation
expense. We attribute the 1998 increase in investment expenses to
normal growth.
In 1999 and
1998, the amortization of IMR continues to grow as we amortize into
net investment income the deferral of prior year interest related
capital gains. We believe the growth trend will slow down, due to the
1999 deferral of interest related realized capital
losses.
Fees and other
income increased in 1999 and 1998 primarily due to higher separate
account fees caused by higher asset levels reflecting equity market
appreciation and growth in our business. In 1999, additional fee
income was generated from annuity surrender charges, partially offset
by a decline in fee income from annuity sales.
Policyholders
benefits and payments increased in 1999 primarily due to
higher surrender activity in our group and individual annuity
products, higher mortality costs in individual life products, higher
morbidity costs in disability income, and increased benefit payments
for defined contribution contracts. These increases are partially
offset by lower withdrawals from non-participating guaranteed
investment contracts. Policyholders benefits and payments
decreased in 1998 primarily due to lower withdrawals from
non-participating guaranteed investment contracts and separate
account products and decreases in supplementary and large corporate
market benefits and payments, partially offset by increases in
annuity withdrawals and benefits, and higher life insurance
surrenders and claims. Surrenders of group annuity contracts
increased by $1,122 million to $3,612 million in 1999, from $2,490
million in 1998 and $2,786 million in 1997. Withdrawals and benefits
for individual annuity and supplementary contracts increased by $273
million in 1999, ending the year at $1,054 million compared to $781
million in 1998 and $677 million in 1997. Lapses of our individual
life products, measured as a percent of in force business, were 5.5%
in 1999, 5.8% in 1998 and 6.2% in 1997.
In 1999,
addition to policyholders reserves and funds decreased
primarily due to higher surrenders in our group and individual
annuity products and lower individual line sales. This decrease is
partially offset by an increase in the Retirement Services separate
account deposits and deposits generated by the re-introduction of our
non-participating guaranteed investment contracts (GICs)
in 1999. We had previously stopped selling our guaranteed investment
contract products in 1992. Withdrawals of GICs totaled $221 million
in 1999, $384 million in 1998, and $891 million in 1997. In 1998,
addition to policyholders reserves and funds increased due to a
$1,122 million increase in the Retirement Services line, caused by
higher premium income and a reduction in withdrawals of
GICs.
Commissions
decreased in 1999 and 1998 primarily due to changes in our business
mix and the 1999 decrease in Individual Line sales. 1998 Individual
Line commissions declined, with the decrease in commissions on whole
life products partially offset by increases in commissions for
variable products, which have a lower commission rate. Commissions do
not correlate to total premium income since commissions are driven by
the growth and changing product sales mix for commission paying
business, such as individual life and annuity products versus
Retirement Services products, which do not generate significant
commissions.
Operating
expenses, state taxes, licenses and fees decreased in 1999 primarily
due to a corporate wide expense savings program, lower agent life and
health insurance costs, reduced technology costs and lower premium
taxes related to reduced Individual Line premiums. In 1998, operating
expenses, state taxes, licenses and fees increased primarily due to
our continued investment in technology and a natural increase in
general expense levels based on our business growth.
Federal income
taxes decreased in 1999 and 1998 primarily due to favorable impacts
relating to tax audit activity. In addition, 1998 federal income
taxes were also lower as a result of reduced mutual company equity
taxes.
In 1999 and
1998, dividends to policyholders increased primarily due to normal
dividend growth, the pass through of distributed earnings from other
businesses, and favorable mortality and expense experience in 1998.
The new dividend schedule, annually approved by the Board of
Directors in the fourth quarter, is reflected in net income in the
year the dividend is declared.
14
Management
s Discussion and Analysis
Net realized
capital gains (losses) were comprised of the following:
|
|
Years
Ended December 31,
|
|
|
1999
|
|
1998
|
|
1997
|
|
% Change
99 vs. 98
|
|
% Change
98 vs. 97
|
|
|
($ In
Millions) |
Realized
capital gain (loss): |
Bonds |
|
$
(29 |
) |
|
$284 |
|
|
$132 |
|
|
(110 |
)% |
|
115 |
% |
Common
stocks |
|
50 |
|
|
62 |
|
|
83 |
|
|
(19 |
) |
|
(25 |
) |
Mortgage
loans |
|
(3 |
) |
|
5 |
|
|
(57 |
) |
|
(160 |
) |
|
109 |
|
Real
estate |
|
16 |
|
|
34 |
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
(53 |
) |
|
NM |
|
Hedging
instruments |
|
(31 |
) |
|
(39 |
) |
|
(33 |
) |
|
21 |
|
|
(18 |
) |
Other
investments |
|
(3 |
) |
|
33 |
|
|
13 |
|
|
(109 |
) |
|
154 |
|
Federal and
state taxes |
|
(24 |
) |
|
(155 |
) |
|
(73 |
) |
|
85 |
|
|
(112 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net realized
capital gains (losses) before deferral into
IMR |
|
(24 |
) |
|
224 |
|
|
59 |
|
|
(111 |
) |
|
280 |
|
(Gains)
losses deferred into IMR |
|
45 |
|
|
(305 |
) |
|
(158 |
) |
|
115 |
|
|
(93 |
) |
Less: taxes
on net deferred gains (losses) |
|
(16 |
) |
|
107 |
|
|
56 |
|
|
(115 |
) |
|
91 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net deferred
into IMR |
|
29 |
|
|
(198 |
) |
|
(102 |
) |
|
115 |
|
|
(94 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net realized
capital gain (loss) |
|
$
5 |
|
|
$
26 |
|
|
$
(43 |
) |
|
(81 |
)% |
|
160 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NM=not
meaningful or in excess of 200%
In 1999,
realized capital gains (losses) decreased primarily due to the sale
of bonds in a rising interest rate market. Net realized capital gains
also decreased due to lower realized capital gains on common stock
and real estate and realized capital losses in mortgage loans and
other investments. In 1999 and 1998, mortgage loans and real estate
results remained favorable compared to 1997 reflecting the continuing
positive market environment for these types of investments. We
attribute the increase in 1998 net realized capital gains (losses)
primarily to higher realized capital gains related to mortgage loans
and real estate, which are not transferred to the IMR, partially
offset by taxes.
The realized
capital gain (loss) results presented for each year do not reflect
the changes in Asset Valuation Reserves (AVR) and General
Investment Reserves (GIR), which are recorded as a change
in policyholders contingency reserves. Changes in these
reserves are discussed in the Investments
section.
(Gains) losses
deferred into the IMR for 1999 decreased compared to 1998 and 1997
due to the deferral of net interest related losses in 1999 versus the
deferral of net interest related gains in 1998 and 1997.
Fluctuations
in market conditions will impact future investment
results.
Net realized
capital gains (losses) from the sale of bonds were comprised of the
following:
|
|
Years
Ended December 31,
|
|
|
1999
|
|
1998
|
|
1997
|
|
% Change
99 vs. 98
|
|
% Change
98 vs. 97
|
|
|
($ In
Millions) |
Gross
capital gains |
|
$103 |
|
|
$
332 |
|
|
$
201 |
|
|
(69 |
)% |
|
65 |
% |
Gross
capital losses |
|
(132 |
) |
|
(48 |
) |
|
(69 |
) |
|
(175 |
) |
|
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net realized
capital gains (losses) |
|
$
(29 |
) |
|
$
284 |
|
|
$
132 |
|
|
(110 |
)% |
|
115 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Management
s Discussion and Analysis
The following
table sets forth the realized capital gains and losses from hedging
instruments:
|
|
Years
Ended December 31,
|
|
|
1999
|
|
1998
|
|
1997
|
|
% Change
99 vs. 98
|
|
% Change
98 vs. 97
|
|
|
($ In
Millions) |
Equity-related losses |
|
$(15 |
) |
|
$(24 |
) |
|
$(16 |
) |
|
38 |
% |
|
(50 |
)% |
Interest-related losses |
|
(16 |
) |
|
(15 |
) |
|
(19 |
) |
|
(7 |
) |
|
21 |
|
Other
gains |
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
2 |
|
|
- |
|
|
(100 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$(31 |
) |
|
$(39 |
) |
|
$(33 |
) |
|
21 |
% |
|
(18 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Analysis of Results
of Operations by Line of Business
Individual Line
Operations
Our Individual
Line provides a wide range of products and services through our
network of general agents, agents, and affiliated distributors. The
principal products offered include whole life insurance, variable
life insurance, universal life insurance, term and corporate owned
life insurance, individual annuity products, and disability income
insurance.
Sales of our
Individual Line products are primarily targeted to affluent and
emerging affluent market segments including professionals, business
owners, principals and partners. Our products are designed to solve
complex financial concerns including estate planning and business
succession planning needs.
The following
table sets forth the components of net income for the Individual Line
operations:
|
|
Years
Ended December 31,
|
|
|
1999
|
|
1998
|
|
1997
|
|
% Change
99 vs. 98
|
|
% Change
98 vs. 97
|
|
|
($ In
Millions) |
Revenue: |
Premium
income |
|
$3,814 |
|
$4,614 |
|
$4,299 |
|
|
(17 |
)% |
|
7 |
% |
Net
investment income |
|
2,429 |
|
2,298 |
|
2,159 |
|
|
6 |
|
|
6 |
|
Fees and
other income |
|
147 |
|
137 |
|
113 |
|
|
7 |
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
revenue |
|
6,390 |
|
7,049 |
|
6,571 |
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Benefits
and expenses: |
Policyholders
benefits and payments |
|
3,087 |
|
2,640 |
|
2,547 |
|
|
17 |
|
|
4 |
|
Addition to
policyholders reserves and funds |
|
1,056 |
|
2,197 |
|
1,846 |
|
|
(52 |
) |
|
19 |
|
Commissions |
|
261 |
|
282 |
|
302 |
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
(7 |
) |
Operating
expenses, state taxes, licenses and fees |
|
458 |
|
523 |
|
462 |
|
|
(12 |
) |
|
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
benefits and expenses |
|
4,862 |
|
5,642 |
|
5,157 |
|
|
(14 |
) |
|
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net gain
from operations before federal income taxes
and dividends |
|
1,528 |
|
1,407 |
|
1,414 |
|
|
9 |
|
|
- |
|
Federal
income taxes |
|
142 |
|
193 |
|
271 |
|
|
(26 |
) |
|
(29 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net gain
from operations before dividends |
|
1,386 |
|
1,214 |
|
1,143 |
|
|
14 |
|
|
6 |
|
Dividends to
policyholders |
|
1,029 |
|
981 |
|
916 |
|
|
5 |
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net gain
from operations |
|
357 |
|
233 |
|
227 |
|
|
53 |
|
|
3 |
|
Net realized
capital gain (loss) |
|
13 |
|
24 |
|
(11 |
) |
|
(46 |
) |
|
318 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
income |
|
$
370 |
|
$
257 |
|
$
216 |
|
|
44 |
% |
|
19 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We attribute
the 1999 increase in net income primarily to an increase in net
investment income, a lower addition to policyholders reserves
and funds, a decrease in operating expenses, and lower federal income
taxes, partially offset by a decrease in premium income, higher
policyholders benefits and payments, and an increase in
policyholders dividends.
The 1998
increase is attributable to increased premium income, net investment
income, realized capital gains, and decreased federal income taxes,
partially offset by increased addition to policyholders
reserves and funds, policyholders benefits and payments, and
dividends to policyholders.
Selected
premium and life insurance information is presented
below:
|
|
Years
Ended December 31,
|
|
|
1999
|
|
1998
|
|
1997
|
|
% Change
99 vs. 98
|
|
% Change
98 vs. 97
|
|
|
($ In
Millions) |
Premium
Income: |
Whole
life |
|
$
2,584 |
|
$
2,551 |
|
$
2,515 |
|
1 |
% |
|
1 |
% |
Term
life |
|
160 |
|
137 |
|
138 |
|
17 |
|
|
(1 |
) |
Universal,
variable & corporate owned life |
|
468 |
|
815 |
|
379 |
|
(43 |
) |
|
115 |
|
Annuities
and supplemental contracts |
|
299 |
|
820 |
|
981 |
|
(64 |
) |
|
(16 |
) |
Disability
income |
|
303 |
|
291 |
|
286 |
|
4 |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$
3,814 |
|
$
4,614 |
|
$
4,299 |
|
(17 |
)% |
|
7 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Life
Insurance Sales Face Amount: |
Whole
life |
|
$
3,991 |
|
$
4,556 |
|
$
5,729 |
|
(12 |
)% |
|
(20 |
)% |
Term
life |
|
8,002 |
|
5,289 |
|
5,392 |
|
51 |
|
|
(2 |
) |
Universal,
variable & corporate owned life |
|
5,605 |
|
8,323 |
|
2,751 |
|
(33 |
) |
|
NM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$
17,598 |
|
$
18,168 |
|
$
13,872 |
|
(3 |
)% |
|
31 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Life
Insurance In Force Face Amount: |
Whole
life |
|
$
126,608 |
|
$
124,336 |
|
$
127,366 |
|
2 |
% |
|
(2 |
)% |
Term
life |
|
33,672 |
|
37,991 |
|
42,676 |
|
(11 |
) |
|
(11 |
) |
Universal,
variable & corporate owned life |
|
36,831 |
|
33,158 |
|
29,125 |
|
11 |
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$
197,111 |
|
$
195,485 |
|
$
199,167 |
|
1 |
% |
|
(2 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In Whole
Units) |
Number of
Policies In Force: |
Whole
life |
|
1,583,134 |
|
1,636,365 |
|
1,759,312 |
|
(3 |
)% |
|
(7 |
)% |
Term
life |
|
171,544 |
|
204,882 |
|
281,494 |
|
(16 |
) |
|
(27 |
) |
Universal,
variable & corporate owned life |
|
98,245 |
|
94,052 |
|
88,676 |
|
4 |
|
|
6 |
|
Annuities |
|
311,017 |
|
322,781 |
|
314,189 |
|
(4 |
) |
|
3 |
|
Disability
income |
|
292,905 |
|
286,756 |
|
288,244 |
|
2 |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
2,456,845 |
|
2,544,836 |
|
2,731,915 |
|
(3 |
)% |
|
(7 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NM=not
meaningful or in excess of 200%
A reduction in
premium income from universal, variable and corporate owned life and
annuity and supplemental contracts drove a 17% reduction in
individual line premiums for 1999. The decrease in universal,
variable and corporate owned life premium income is due to a decrease
in sales of our corporate owned life insurance to the banking
industry, partially offset by an increase in sales of variable life
insurance, which reflects our customers increasing demand for
non-traditional life products. The annuities and supplemental
contracts decrease in premium income is primarily due to a decrease
in annuity sales, partially offset by an increase in supplemental
contracts. The decrease in annuity premium is primarily due to a drop
in supplemental distribution channel sales and our decision to shift
most sales of these products to one of our subsidiary life insurance
companies.
In 1998, the
growth in universal, variable and corporate owned life is primarily
the result of increases in sales of corporate owned life insurance to
the banking industry and increases in variable life insurance,
partially offset by a decrease in universal life. The decrease in
universal life is primarily the result of our decision to shift most
sales of these products to our subsidiary life insurance
companies.
Net investment
income increased in 1999 primarily due to mortgage loan and real
estate asset growth, partially offset by a decrease in income due to
lower bond yields and lower earnings on other investments, which
includes earnings on joint ventures and other forms of partnerships.
Additionally, the Individual Lines portion of allocated net
investment income increased in 1999 primarily due to the inclusion of
a $100 million dividend from our non-insurance subsidiaries, of which
the Individual Line was allocated $82 million, and increased income
from derivative instruments. Allocated net investment income
represents the earnings on surplus contributed by the Individual Line
products. Assets and earnings on surplus are allocated to the
Individual Line and Retirement Services, based upon ownership
percentages.
Net investment
income increased in 1998 primarily due to a 7% increase in invested
assets, partially offset by a decline in investment
yields.
Fees and other
income increased in 1999 and 1998 primarily due to higher separate
account fees caused by higher asset levels reflecting equity market
appreciation and new customer deposits. In 1999, additional fee
income was generated from annuity surrender charges, partially offset
by a decline in fee income from annuity sales.
Policyholders
benefits and payments increased in 1999 primarily due to
higher individual annuity withdrawals and surrenders of $266 million.
In addition, there were increases in death benefits of $64 million
and disability income benefits of $22 million. We believe the
increased rate of individual annuity surrenders is primarily due to
two factors: 1) the investment fund options currently offered with
our individual annuity products use a value based
investment philosophy that has temporarily fallen out of favor when
compared to other investment options, such as growth
funds, due to recent market conditions, and 2) a natural increase in
the dollar amount of surrenders as business growth causes a higher
level of annuity customer account values. Though it is not known if
an increased level of surrenders will continue, we have and are
taking steps that we believe will reduce surrender activity by
enhancing product offerings through the addition of new fund options
and other product features. Policyholders benefits and payments
increased in 1998 due to increases in annuity withdrawals and
benefits of $140 million, higher death claims of $10 million, and
higher life insurance surrenders of $13 million. This increase was
partially offset by decreases in supplemental contract payments of
$36 million and corporate owned life insurance benefits and payments
of $41 million.
Addition to
policyholders reserves and funds includes transfers to and from
separate accounts, based upon policyholder elections, and the change
in general account reserves. Addition to policyholders reserves
and funds decreased in 1999 primarily due to lower sales and premium
income from annuity and corporate owned life insurance products, as
well as an increase in individual annuity separate account
withdrawals and surrenders, discussed above. The increase in 1998 is
primarily due to increased sales of corporate owned life insurance,
partially offset by a decrease in annuity premiums.
Commissions
decreased in 1999 and 1998 primarily due to changes in our business
mix and a 1999 decrease in premiums. The 1999 decrease is due to
lower annuity sales and lower sales of whole life products, partially
offset by an increase in commissions in disability income due to
increased sales. In 1998, commissions decreased as a result of lower
sales of whole and variable life insurance products, partially offset
by an increase in commissions from sales of corporate owned life
insurance products, which are at lower commission rates. Overall,
Individual Line commissions are declining as the decrease in
commissions on whole life products is only partially offset by
increases in commissions for variable and corporate owned life
insurance products, which have a lower commission rate. Commissions
do not correlate to total premium income since commissions are driven
by the growth and changing product sales mix for commission paying
business.
Operating
expenses, state taxes, licenses and fees decreased in 1999, primarily
in the life insurance business, due to a corporate wide expense
savings program, lower agent life and health insurance costs, and
lower premium taxes related to reduced premiums. Operating expenses,
state taxes, licenses and fees increased in 1998 due to higher
premiums and state income taxes relating to higher premium income and
continued investment in technology.
18
Management
s Discussion and Analysis
Federal
income taxes decreased in 1999 and 1998 primarily due to favorable
impacts relating to tax audit activity. In addition, 1998 federal
income taxes were also lower as a result of reduced mutual company
equity taxes.
In 1999 and
1998, dividends to policyholders increased primarily due to normal
dividend growth, the pass through of distributed earnings from other
businesses, and favorable mortality and expense experience in 1998.
The new dividend schedule, annually approved by the Board of
Directors in the fourth quarter, is reflected in the Individual Line
s operating results in the year the dividend is
declared.
Realized
capital gains (losses) decreased in 1999 primarily due to losses
generated by the sale of bonds in a rising interest rate market and
decreased gains in mortgage loans and other investments, partially
offset by increased gains in common stock and hedging instruments. In
1999 and 1998, mortgage loans and real estate results remained
favorable compared to 1997 reflecting the continuing positive market
environment for these types of investments.
We attribute
the increase in 1998 net realized capital gains (losses) primarily to
higher realized capital gains related to mortgage loans and real
estate, which are not deferred into the IMR, partially offset by
taxes.
Retirement Services
Operations
Retirement
Services offers retirement plan sponsors and participants a full
range of products and services in the defined contribution, defined
benefit and non-qualified deferred compensation plan
markets.
Primarily
serving companies with $5 million to $100 million in retirement plan
assets, this line of business meets the needs of more than 3,800 plan
sponsors and 500,000 participants, providing companies with the
valuable ability to entirely outsource their retirement benefit
operations. As of December 31, 1999, Retirement Services was among
the top 50 pension asset managers in the U.S., in terms of assets
under management.
The following
table sets forth the components of net income for the Retirement
Services operations:
|
|
Years
Ended December 31,
|
|
|
1999
|
|
1998
|
|
1997
|
|
% Change
99 vs. 98
|
|
% Change
98 vs. 97
|
|
|
($ In
Millions) |
Revenue: |
Premium
income |
|
$3,816 |
|
|
$2,868 |
|
$2,466 |
|
|
33 |
% |
|
16 |
% |
Net
investment income |
|
647 |
|
|
659 |
|
711 |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
(7 |
) |
Fees and
other income |
|
37 |
|
|
17 |
|
14 |
|
|
118 |
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
revenue |
|
4,500 |
|
|
3,544 |
|
3,191 |
|
|
27 |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Benefits
and expenses: |
Policyholders
benefits and payments |
|
4,207 |
|
|
3,234 |
|
4,037 |
|
|
30 |
|
|
(20 |
) |
Addition to
policyholders reserves and funds |
|
71 |
|
|
103 |
|
(1,019 |
) |
|
(31 |
) |
|
110 |
|
Commissions |
|
21 |
|
|
17 |
|
13 |
|
|
24 |
|
|
31 |
|
Operating
expenses, state taxes, licenses and fees |
|
75 |
|
|
75 |
|
71 |
|
|
- |
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
benefits and expenses |
|
4,374 |
|
|
3,429 |
|
3,102 |
|
|
28 |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net gain
from operations before federal income taxes
and dividends |
|
126 |
|
|
115 |
|
89 |
|
|
10 |
|
|
29 |
|
Federal
income taxes |
|
19 |
|
|
6 |
|
13 |
|
|
NM |
|
|
(54 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net gain
from operations before dividends |
|
107 |
|
|
109 |
|
76 |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
43 |
|
Dividends to
policyholders |
|
2 |
|
|
2 |
|
3 |
|
|
- |
|
|
(33 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net gain
from operations |
|
105 |
|
|
107 |
|
73 |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
47 |
|
Net realized
capital gain (loss) |
|
(8 |
) |
|
2 |
|
(32 |
) |
|
NM |
|
|
106 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
income |
|
$
97 |
|
|
$
109 |
|
$
41 |
|
|
(11) |
% |
|
166 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NM=not
meaningful or in excess of 200%
Management
s Discussion and Analysis
Net income
decreased in 1999 primarily due to a net realized capital loss,
higher federal income taxes, and increased policyholders
benefits and payments, partially offset by increased premium from
sales growth and higher fee income due to the growth of our assets
under management. We attribute the 1998 increase primarily to net
realized capital gains as compared with a net realized capital loss
in the prior year, improved investment spreads, lower federal income
taxes, and income resulting from increased assets under
management.
Selected
premium and sales information is presented below:
|
|
Years
Ended December 31,
|
|
|
1999
|
|
1998
|
|
1997
|
|
%
Change
99 vs. 98
|
|
%
Change
98 vs. 97
|
|
|
($ In
Millions) |
Premium
Income: |
Defined
contribution |
|
$2,847 |
|
$2,281 |
|
$1,635 |
|
25 |
% |
|
39 |
% |
GIC and
single premium annuity contracts |
|
553 |
|
3 |
|
9 |
|
NM |
|
|
(67 |
) |
Separate
accounts |
|
240 |
|
365 |
|
530 |
|
(34 |
) |
|
(31 |
) |
Defined
benefit |
|
87 |
|
69 |
|
97 |
|
26 |
|
|
(29 |
) |
Other |
|
89 |
|
150 |
|
195 |
|
(41 |
) |
|
(23 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$3,816 |
|
$2,868 |
|
$2,466 |
|
33 |
% |
|
16 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current
Year New Sales |
|
$1,803 |
|
$1,436 |
|
$1,070 |
|
26 |
% |
|
34 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NM=not
meaningful or in excess of 200%
We attribute
the 1999 and 1998 increase in premium income primarily due to
continued growth in our Superflex and RMAP defined contribution
products. In addition, our re-entry into the GIC market benefited
1999 premium results. New sales increases in 1999 are primarily
attributable to an increase in the volume of large case sales coupled
with domestic GIC sales, while new sales increases in 1998 are
primarily attributable to an increase in the volume of large case
sales. The volume of large case sales increased to 72% of sales in
1999 from 67% in 1998 and 54% in 1997.
Net investment
income decreased in 1999 primarily due to lower bond yields, as older
higher yielding bonds were replaced with bonds at lower market rates,
and lower earnings on other investments, partially offset by
increases in the lines general account assets due to new GIC
sales. Allocated net investment income increased in 1999 due to the
inclusion of a $100 million dividend from our non-insurance
subsidiaries, of which $18 million was allocated to Retirement
Services. Net investment income decreased in 1998 primarily due to a
decline in the lines general account assets, resulting from the
trend of new deposits favoring separate account options, and the
scheduled maturities of non-participating GICs and withdrawals of
participating business.
Fees and other
income increased in 1999 and 1998 primarily due to an increase in
assets under management attributable to growth in the separate
accounts from market appreciation and positive cash flows from new
sales.
Policyholders
benefits and payments increased in 1999 primarily due to
surrenders on group annuity products. Surrenders on group annuity
contracts increased by $1,122 million to $3,612 million in 1999, from
$2,490 million in 1998 and $2,786 million in 1997, with the majority
of the withdrawals coming from the separate accounts. We believe the
increased rate of group annuity surrenders is primarily due to two
factors: (1) increased merger and acquisition activity within our
client base resulting in contract surrenders to the acquiring company
s plan and (2) a natural increase in the dollar amount of
surrenders as business growth and market appreciation causes a higher
level of account values. The 1999 increase in policyholders
benefits and payments is also due to increased defined contribution
contract payments, partially offset by lower withdrawals from
non-participating GICs. The decrease in GIC withdrawals is attributed
to a slow down in the run off of this product before its
reintroduction in June of 1999. We attribute the 1998 decrease in
policyholder benefits and payments primarily to lower withdrawals
from non-participating GIC and separate account business. Withdrawals
of non-participating GICs decreased by $507 million in
1998.
20
Management
s Discussion and Analysis
Addition to
policyholders reserves and funds includes transfers to and from
separate accounts, based upon policyholder elections, and the change
in general account reserves. Addition to policyholders reserves
and funds decreased in 1999 primarily due to the increase in
surrenders and other transfers discussed above, partially offset by a
$483 million increase in separate account deposits. General account
reserves increased $725 million in 1999 primarily due to a $708
million increase in GIC reserves. We attribute the 1998 increase
primarily to higher premium income and lower withdrawals.
Commissions
increased in 1999 and 1998 primarily due to increased new sales and
continued growth in our full service defined contribution
business.
Federal income
taxes increased in 1999 primarily due to a favorable audit settlement
in 1998. In 1998, federal income taxes were lower as a result of
reduced mutual company equity taxes and the favorable audit
settlement.
Net realized
capital gain (loss) decreased in 1999 primarily due to a decrease in
bond gains arising from the sales of bonds in a rising interest rate
market, an increase in hedging instrument losses and a decrease in
other investment gains. Net realized capital gain (loss) increased in
1998 primarily due to net gains in bonds, mortgage loans, real
estate, and other investments.
In 1999 and
1998, mortgage loan and real estate results remain favorable compared
to 1997, reflecting the continued positive market environment for
these types of investments.
Statement of Financial Position
The following
table sets forth our more significant assets, liabilities and
policyholders contingency reserves:
|
|
Years
Ended December 31,
|
|
|
1999
|
|
1998
|
|
%
Change
|
|
|
($ In
Millions) |
Assets: |
Bonds |
|
$24,598 |
|
$25,216 |
|
(2 |
)% |
Common
stocks |
|
294 |
|
296 |
|
(1 |
) |
Mortgage
loans |
|
6,541 |
|
5,917 |
|
11 |
|
Real
estate |
|
2,139 |
|
1,740 |
|
23 |
|
Other
investments |
|
2,517 |
|
2,264 |
|
11 |
|
Policy
loans |
|
5,467 |
|
5,224 |
|
5 |
|
Cash and
short-term investments |
|
1,786 |
|
1,123 |
|
59 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
investments |
|
43,342 |
|
41,780 |
|
4 |
|
Other
assets |
|
1,331 |
|
1,306 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
44,673 |
|
43,086 |
|
4 |
|
Separate
account assets |
|
20,453 |
|
19,590 |
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
assets |
|
$65,126 |
|
$62,676 |
|
4 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities: |
Policyholders
reserves and funds |
|
$37,192 |
|
$35,277 |
|
5 |
% |
Policyholders
dividends |
|
1,071 |
|
1,022 |
|
5 |
|
Policyholders
claims and other benefits |
|
329 |
|
332 |
|
(1 |
) |
Federal
income taxes |
|
734 |
|
635 |
|
16 |
|
Asset
valuation and other investment reserves |
|
994 |
|
1,053 |
|
(6 |
) |
Other
liabilities |
|
943 |
|
1,579 |
|
(40 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
41,263 |
|
39,898 |
|
3 |
|
Separate
account liabilities |
|
20,452 |
|
19,589 |
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
liabilities |
|
61,715 |
|
59,487 |
|
4 |
|
Policyholders contingency reserves |
|
3,411 |
|
3,189 |
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
liabilities and policyholders contingency
reserves |
|
$65,126 |
|
$62,676 |
|
4 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Management
s Discussion and Analysis
Assets
Total assets
increased in 1999 primarily due to the continued growth in our
separate account assets, our re-entry into the GIC market, and
positive net cash flow from new premiums and deposits on life
insurance products. Separate accounts increased due to market
appreciation on existing assets and new net cash flow from defined
contribution pension products, partially offset by increased
individual and group annuity surrenders. Statutory assets of the
Individual Line increased 3% in 1999 to $45.1 billion from $43.7
billion at the end of 1998. The increase is primarily due to positive
net cash flow in the separate accounts, new business, and normal
growth in reserves. Statutory assets of Retirement Services increased
by 5% to $20.0 billion from $19.0 billion at the end of 1998. The
increase is primarily due to market appreciation, positive net cash
flow and the re-introduction of our GIC products.
Bonds
decreased in 1999 primarily due to a shift of funds to higher
yielding asset types such as mortgage loans and real estate, and a
transfer of funds late in the year to more liquid assets such as cash
and short-term investments. The decrease in bonds includes $18.9
billion in purchases offset by $19.6 billion in maturities and sales
proceeds. Bonds and short-term securities in NAIC Classes 1 and 2
were 55% of general investment account assets at December 31, 1999,
as compared to 57% at December 31, 1998. The percentage of general
investment account assets representing bonds and short-term
investments in NAIC Classes 3 through 6 was 5% at December 31, 1999,
and 6% at December 31, 1998. See Investments section for
more discussion of NAIC Investment classes.
Mortgage loans
increased in 1999 primarily due to a continuation of our strategy of
increasing investments in higher yielding assets. For the year ended
December 31, 1999, $1,900 million in new loans were issued, $1,272
million were repaid and $13 million were foreclosed.
Real estate
increased in 1999 primarily due to our continued strategy of
capitalizing on investments with enhanced yields. We believe that by
increasing our investments in hotels and commercial office buildings,
we are leveraging our expertise in this field. In 1999, we invested
$584 million in improvements and purchases, incurred $80 million in
depreciation expense, and received $121 million in proceeds from the
sale of real estate.
Other
investments consisting of joint ventures, partnerships, derivatives,
preferred stocks, and affiliated common stocks, increased in 1999.
This increase is primarily due to capital contributions of $125
million that we made to certain unconsolidated subsidiaries and a
$129 million joint venture acquisition.
Policy loans
increased in 1999 due to natural growth, as individual and corporate
owned life policyholders use loan proceeds to take advantage of other
market opportunities such as returns in the equity
markets.
Liabilities
Total
liabilities increased in 1999 primarily due to continued growth in
policyholders reserves and funds, growth in separate accounts,
and increases in policyholders dividends and federal income
taxes, partially offset by decreases in other
liabilities.
Policyholders
reserves and funds increased primarily due to a $1,207 million
growth in individual life and disability income reserves, a $450
million increase in reserves for corporate owned life insurance
clients and a $297 million increase in Retirement Services
reserves, partially offset by a $40 million decrease in general
account individual annuity reserves.
The liability
for policyholders dividends increased in 1999 due to the
increase in apportioned dividends for 2000, driven by the
pass-through of distributed earnings from other businesses, favorable
investment results, and ongoing expense reductions throughout the
company.
Federal income
taxes increased in 1999 primarily due to federal tax expense on
operations of $161 million and $24 million of realized capital gains
taxes, partially offset by federal tax payments of $83
million.
Asset
valuation and other investment reserves decreased in 1999 primarily
due to a $44 million decrease in other investment reserves, driven by
the continued improvements in the underlying investment risks of both
the mortgage and real estate loan portfolios, and a $17 million
decrease in the special contingency reserve for surplus notes. For a
rollforward of these reserve balances, see Investment Reserves
in the Investments section.
22
Management
s Discussion and Analysis
Other
liabilities decreased in 1999 primarily due to a $444 million
decrease in payables for securities purchased, and a $242 million
decline in our liability for unapplied premiums and amounts due to
brokers.
Policyholders
Contingency Reserves
The increase
in policyholders contingency reserves was due to:
|
1999 net
income of $467 million and
|
|
an increase
of $60 million due to the change in AVR and other investment
reserves,
|
partially
offset by:
|
a decrease
of $202 million from net unrealized capital losses, of which $157
million is due to the change in unrealized gains on unconsolidated
subsidiaries that includes the impact of the $100 million dividend
received from a non-insurance subsidiary;
|
|
a decrease
of $79 million due to benefit plan enhancements, and
|
|
a decrease
of $24 million from change in prior year policyholders
reserves, nonadmitted assets, and other changes.
|
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity
Cash and
short-term investments increased to $1,786 million at December 31,
1999, as a result of increased funds available for investment
provided by operating activities and a transfer of funds late in the
year to more liquid assets.
Net cash
provided by operating activities increased $324 million, or 18%, to
$2,153 million in 1999 from $1,829 million in 1998, following an
increase of $1,216 million, or 198%, from $613 million in
1997.
We attribute
the increase in 1999 to higher net income and a $438 million increase
in addition to policyholders reserves, funds and policy
benefits, net of transfers to separate accounts. We attribute the
increase in 1998 to higher net income and a $1,052 million increase
in addition to policyholders reserves, funds and policy
benefits, net of transfers to separate accounts.
Loans and
purchases of investments decreased $1.8 billion, or 11%, to $14.2
billion in 1999 from $16.0 billion in 1998. Sales and maturities of
investments and receipts from repayments of loans decreased $645
million, or 5%, to $12.7 billion in 1999 from $13.3 billion in 1998.
We attribute these decreases to a general reduction in bond investing
activity due to changes in the bond markets, partially offset by
increased activity in mortgage loans, real estate and short-term
investments.
We utilize
sophisticated asset/liability analysis techniques in order to set the
investment policy for each liability class. Additionally, we test the
adequacy of the projected cash flows provided by assets to meet all
of our future policyholder and other obligations. We perform these
studies using stress tests regarding future credit and other asset
losses, market interest rate fluctuations, claim losses and other
considerations. The result is a complete picture of the adequacy of
the underlying assets, reserves and capital.
We have
structured our investment portfolio to ensure we have a strong
liquidity position in order to permit timely payment of policy and
contract benefits without requiring an untimely sale of assets. We
manage our liquidity position by matching our exposure to cash
demands with adequate sources of cash and other liquid
assets.
Our principal
sources of liquidity are operating cash flow and holdings of cash,
cash equivalents and other readily marketable assets. Our primary
cash flow sources include investment income, principal repayments on
invested assets, and life insurance premiums. Historically, we have
consistently experienced net positive cash flow from
operations.
Our liquid
assets include U.S. Treasury bond holdings, short-term money market
investments, stocks and marketable long-term fixed income securities.
The carrying value of highly liquid securities, including NAIC Class
1 and 2 publicly traded bonds, short-term securities, and the common
stock portfolio, was approximately $13.5 billion at December 31,
1999.
We proactively
manage our liquidity position on an ongoing basis to meet cash needs
while minimizing adverse impacts on investment returns. We analyze a
variety of scenarios modeling potential demands on liquidity, taking
into account the provisions of our policies and
contracts in force, our cash flow position, and the volume of cash and
readily marketable securities in our portfolio.
One of our
primary liquidity concerns is the risk of early contractholder and
policyholder withdrawal. The three most affected products are
individual life insurance and individual deferred annuities offered
by the Individual Line and the participating products offered by the
Retirement Services line. Life insurance policies are less
susceptible to withdrawal than annuity contracts because annuities
are primarily used as investment vehicles, while life policies are
used to fulfill longer-term financial planning needs. A substantial
part of our individual life insurance exposure is focused on a
well-seasoned, mature block of business. We closely evaluate and
manage our liquidity risk by, for example, seeking to include
provisions such as contingent deferred sales charges limiting
withdrawal rights to discourage surrenders.
Our exposure
to early withdrawal under the Retirement Services and Individual Line
annuity businesses, as of the dates indicated, can be described as
follows:
Withdrawal
Characteristics of Annuity Reserves and Deposit Fund
Liabilities
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
1999
|
|
1998
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
% of
Total
|
|
Amount
|
|
% of
Total
|
|
|
($ In
Millions) |
Subject to
discretionary withdrawal with adjustment: |
With market
value adjustment |
|
$
3,867 |
|
13 |
% |
|
$
4,530 |
|
15 |
% |
At market
value |
|
19,949 |
|
66 |
|
|
18,592 |
|
62 |
|
At book
value less surrender charge |
|
141 |
|
- |
|
|
124 |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23,957 |
|
79 |
|
|
23,246 |
|
77 |
|
Subject to
discretionary withdrawal without adjustment: |
At book
value (minimal or no charge or adjustment) |
|
2,597 |
|
9 |
|
|
3,429 |
|
12 |
|
Not subject
to discretionary withdrawal |
|
3,656 |
|
12 |
|
|
3,392 |
|
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
annuity reserves and deposit fund liabilities |
|
$30,210 |
|
100 |
% |
|
$30,067 |
|
100 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Based on our
ongoing monitoring and analysis of our liquidity sources and demands,
we believe that we are in a strong liquidity position.
Capital
Resources
As of December
31, 1999, our total adjusted capital as defined by the NAIC was
$4,900 million. The NAIC uses a risk-based capital (RBC)
model to compare the total adjusted capital with a standard designed
to reflect an insurance companys risk profile. Although we
believe that there is no single appropriate means of measuring RBC
needs, we feel that the NAIC approach to RBC measurement is
reasonable, and we manage our capital position with significant
attention to maintaining adequate total adjusted capital relative to
RBC. Our total adjusted capital was well in excess of all RBC
standards at December 31, 1999 and 1998. We believe that we enjoy a
strong capital position and that we are well positioned to meet
policyholder and other obligations.
Inflation
A large
portion of our operating expenses consist of salaries, which are
subject to wage increases that are at least partially affected by the
rate of inflation. Our continuing efforts to control expenses may
reduce the impact of inflation on operating expenses.
Inflation also
indirectly affects us. To the extent that the governments
economic policy to control the level of inflation results in changes
in interest rates, our new sales and surrenders of insurance and
retirement products and investment income are affected.
24
Management
s Discussion and Analysis
General
As shown on
our statement of financial position, approximately 31% of our assets
are policyholders investments in our separate accounts. We
record the assets in our separate accounts at market value, and all
investment risks are borne by our policyholders. The following
discussion focuses on the general investment account portfolio, which
does not include our separate account assets.
At December
31, 1999, we had $43.3 billion of invested assets in our general
investment account. We manage the portfolio of invested assets to
support the general account liabilities of the business in light of
yield, liquidity, and diversification considerations.
The following
table sets forth our invested assets in the general investment
account and the related gross investment yield thereon, after
deducting real estate operating expenses and taxes, as of the dates
indicated.
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
1999
|
|
1998
|
|
1997
|
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
% of
Total
|
|
Yield
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
% of
Total
|
|
Yield
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
% of
Total
|
|
Yield
|
|
|
($ In
Millions) |
Bonds |
|
$24,598 |
|
57 |
% |
|
7.7 |
% |
|
$25,216 |
|
60 |
% |
|
8.1 |
% |
|
$23,508 |
|
59 |
% |
|
8.1 |
% |
Common
stocks |
|
294 |
|
1 |
|
|
1.4 |
|
|
296 |
|
1 |
|
|
1.7 |
|
|
355 |
|
1 |
|
|
1.0 |
|
Mortgage
loans |
|
6,541 |
|
15 |
|
|
8.6 |
|
|
5,917 |
|
14 |
|
|
8.2 |
|
|
5,246 |
|
13 |
|
|
9.2 |
|
Real
estate |
|
2,139 |
|
5 |
|
|
12.3 |
|
|
1,740 |
|
4 |
|
|
13.3 |
|
|
1,698 |
|
4 |
|
|
11.7 |
|
Other
investments |
|
2,517 |
|
6 |
|
|
8.5 |
|
|
2,264 |
|
5 |
|
|
5.1 |
|
|
1,964 |
|
5 |
|
|
6.3 |
|
Policy
loans |
|
5,467 |
|
12 |
|
|
7.7 |
|
|
5,224 |
|
13 |
|
|
7.9 |
|
|
4,950 |
|
13 |
|
|
7.9 |
|
Cash and
short-term
investments |
|
1,786 |
|
4 |
|
|
5.2 |
|
|
1,123 |
|
3 |
|
|
7.0 |
|
|
1,941 |
|
5 |
|
|
4.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
investments |
|
$43,342 |
|
100 |
% |
|
8.0 |
% |
|
$41,780 |
|
100 |
% |
|
8.0 |
% |
|
$39,662 |
|
100 |
% |
|
8.1 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We calculate
the yield on each investment category, before federal income taxes,
as: (a) two times gross investment income, which for real estate
deducts operating expenses and real estate taxes, divided by (b) the
sum of assets at the beginning of the year and assets at the end of
the year, less gross investment income. If indirect expenses
including depreciation on real estate investments were deducted, net
yields would be 7.5%, 7.5% and 7.6%, for the years ended December 31,
1999, 1998, and 1997 respectively.
Bonds
The following
table provides certain information regarding the maturity
distribution of bonds, excluding short-term securities:
|
|
December
31, 1999
|
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
% of
Total
|
|
|
($ In
Millions) |
Due in one
year or less |
|
$
426 |
|
2 |
% |
Due after
one year through
five years |
|
4,289 |
|
17 |
|
Due after
five years through
ten years |
|
9,919 |
|
40 |
|
Due after
ten years |
|
4,167 |
|
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18,801 |
|
76 |
|
Mortgage-backed securities
1
|
|
5,797 |
|
24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$24,598 |
|
100 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
Average life is 6.9
years, including securities guaranteed by the U.S.
Government.
We invest a
significant portion of our investment funds in high quality publicly
traded bonds in order to maintain and manage liquidity and reduce the
risk of default in the portfolio.
Management
s Discussion and Analysis
As of
December 31, 1999, mortgage-backed securities in the bond portfolio
consisted of $3.2 billion of Government National Mortgage Association
(GNMA), and Federal National Mortgage Association (
FNMA) commitments, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
(FHLMC) and Federal Housing Authority (FHA)
mortgage-backed pass-through securities, and $2.6 billion of
government agency-backed collateralized mortgage
obligations.
The tables
below set forth the carrying value, gross unrealized gains and
losses, net unrealized gains and losses and estimated fair value of
our bond portfolio, excluding short-term securities, at December 31,
1999 and 1998:
|
|
December
31, 1999
|
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
|
|
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
|
|
Net
Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
|
|
Estimated
Fair
Value
|
|
|
(In
Millions) |
U.S.
Treasury securities and obligations of
U.S. government corporations and agen-
cies |
|
$
3,871 |
|
$
106 |
|
$
100 |
|
$
6 |
|
|
$
3,877 |
Debt
securities issued by foreign govern-
ments |
|
24 |
|
2 |
|
- |
|
2 |
|
|
26 |
Mortgage-backed securities |
|
3,468 |
|
65 |
|
93 |
|
(28 |
) |
|
3,440 |
State and
local governments |
|
296 |
|
12 |
|
11 |
|
1 |
|
|
297 |
Corporate
debt securities |
|
14,393 |
|
277 |
|
507 |
|
(230 |
) |
|
14,163 |
Utilities |
|
802 |
|
37 |
|
19 |
|
18 |
|
|
820 |
Affiliates |
|
1,744 |
|
4 |
|
3 |
|
1 |
|
|
1,745 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$24,598 |
|
$
503 |
|
$
733 |
|
$
(230 |
) |
|
$24,368 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December
31, 1998
|
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
|
|
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
|
|
Net
Unrealized
Gains
|
|
Estimated
Fair
Value
|
|
|
(In
Millions) |
U.S.
Treasury securities and obligations of
U.S. government corporations and agen-
cies |
|
$
4,945 |
|
$
473 |
|
$
21 |
|
$
452 |
|
|
$
5,397 |
Debt
securities issued by foreign govern-
ments |
|
41 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
- |
|
|
41 |
Mortgage-backed securities |
|
3,735 |
|
188 |
|
14 |
|
174 |
|
|
3,909 |
State and
local governments |
|
361 |
|
33 |
|
8 |
|
25 |
|
|
386 |
Corporate
debt securities |
|
14,133 |
|
845 |
|
118 |
|
727 |
|
|
14,860 |
Utilities |
|
886 |
|
103 |
|
- |
|
103 |
|
|
989 |
Affiliates |
|
1,115 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
- |
|
|
1,115 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$25,216 |
|
$
1,644 |
|
$
163 |
|
$
1,481 |
|
|
$26,697 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Substantially
all of our publicly traded and privately placed bonds are evaluated
by the NAIC Securities Valuation Office (SVO) which
assigns securities to one of six NAIC investment classes, with Class
1 securities being the highest quality and Class 6 securities being
the lowest quality. Classes 1 and 2 are investment grade, Class 3 is
medium quality and Classes 4, 5 and 6 are non-investment
grade.
For
securities, which have not as yet been rated by the NAIC, we use an
internal rating system. We believe that our internal rating system is
similar to that used by the SVO.
26
Management
s Discussion and Analysis
The table
below sets forth the NAIC SVO ratings for our bond portfolio
(including short-term securities) along with what we believe are the
equivalent rating agency designations.
At December
31, 1999 and 1998, 92% and 91%, respectively, of the portfolio was
invested in NAIC Class 1 and 2 securities.
Bond Credit
Quality
(includes
short-term securities)
|
|
|
|
December
31,
|
NAIC
Bond
Classes
|
|
Rating
Agency
Equivalent Designation
|
|
1999
|
|
1998
|
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
% of
Total
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
% of
Total
|
|
|
|
|
($ In
Millions) |
1 |
|
Aaa/Aa/A |
|
$15,328 |
|
59 |
% |
|
$16,014 |
|
61 |
% |
2 |
|
Baa |
|
8,496 |
|
33 |
|
|
7,931 |
|
30 |
|
3 |
|
Ba |
|
1,121 |
|
4 |
|
|
1,498 |
|
6 |
|
4 |
|
B |
|
765 |
|
3 |
|
|
752 |
|
3 |
|
5 |
|
Caa and
lower |
|
215 |
|
1 |
|
|
35 |
|
- |
|
6 |
|
In or near
default |
|
104 |
|
- |
|
|
35 |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$26,029 |
|
100 |
% |
|
$26,265 |
|
100 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The tables
below set forth the NAIC SVO ratings for our publicly traded and
privately placed bond portfolios, including short-term securities,
along with what we believe are the equivalent rating agency
designations:
Publicly
Traded Bond Credit Quality
(includes
short-term securities)
|
|
|
|
December
31,
|
NAIC
Bond
Classes
|
|
Rating
Agency
Equivalent Designation
|
|
1999
|
|
1998
|
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
% of
Total
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
% of
Total
|
|
|
|
|
($ In
Millions) |
1 |
|
Aaa/Aa/A |
|
$10,447 |
|
76 |
% |
|
$11,921 |
|
80 |
% |
2 |
|
Baa |
|
2,786 |
|
20 |
|
|
2,374 |
|
16 |
|
3 |
|
Ba |
|
228 |
|
2 |
|
|
356 |
|
2 |
|
4 |
|
B |
|
316 |
|
2 |
|
|
328 |
|
2 |
|
5 |
|
Caa and
lower |
|
42 |
|
- |
|
|
17 |
|
- |
|
6 |
|
In or near
default |
|
17 |
|
- |
|
|
1 |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$13,836 |
|
100 |
% |
|
$14,997 |
|
100 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Management
s Discussion and Analysis
Privately
Placed Bond Credit Quality
(includes
short-term securities)
|
|
|
|
December
31,
|
NAIC
Bond
Classes
|
|
Rating
Agency
Equivalent Designation
|
|
1999
|
|
1998
|
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
% of
Total
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
% of
Total
|
|
|
|
|
($ In
Millions) |
1 |
|
Aaa/Aa/A |
|
$
4,881 |
|
40 |
% |
|
$
4,093 |
|
37 |
% |
2 |
|
Baa |
|
5,710 |
|
47 |
|
|
5,557 |
|
49 |
|
3 |
|
Ba |
|
893 |
|
7 |
|
|
1,142 |
|
10 |
|
4 |
|
B |
|
449 |
|
4 |
|
|
424 |
|
4 |
|
5 |
|
Caa and
lower |
|
173 |
|
1 |
|
|
18 |
|
- |
|
6 |
|
In or near
default |
|
87 |
|
1 |
|
|
34 |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$12,193 |
|
100 |
% |
|
$11,268 |
|
100 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We utilize our
investments in the privately placed bond portfolio to enhance the
value of the overall portfolio, increase diversification and obtain
higher yields than are possible with comparable quality public market
securities. To control risk when utilizing privately placed
securities, we rely upon:
|
broader
access to management information,
|
|
strengthened
negotiated protective covenants,
|
|
call
protection features, and
|
|
a higher
level of collateralization than can customarily be achieved in the
public market.
|
The strength
of the privately placed bond portfolio is demonstrated by the
predominance of NAIC Classes 1 and 2 securities.
The following
table sets forth by industry category the total bond portfolio,
including short-term securities, as of December 31, 1999:
Bond
Portfolio By Industry
(includes
short-term securities)
|
|
December
31, 1999
|
|
|
Public
|
|
Private
|
|
Total
|
Industry
Category
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
% of
Total
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
% of
Total
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
% of
Total
|
|
|
($ In
Millions) |
Collateralized
1
|
|
$
6,662 |
|
48 |
% |
|
$
1,185 |
|
10 |
% |
|
$
7,847 |
|
30 |
% |
Finance |
|
1,213 |
|
9 |
|
|
3,162 |
|
26 |
|
|
4,375 |
|
17 |
|
Other
services |
|
464 |
|
3 |
|
|
1,845 |
|
15 |
|
|
2,309 |
|
9 |
|
Natural
resources |
|
1,018 |
|
7 |
|
|
1,186 |
|
10 |
|
|
2,204 |
|
9 |
|
Producer
goods |
|
519 |
|
4 |
|
|
1,387 |
|
11 |
|
|
1,906 |
|
7 |
|
Government |
|
1,735 |
|
13 |
|
|
64 |
|
- |
|
|
1,799 |
|
7 |
|
Utilities |
|
574 |
|
4 |
|
|
448 |
|
4 |
|
|
1,022 |
|
4 |
|
Transportation |
|
236 |
|
2 |
|
|
586 |
|
5 |
|
|
822 |
|
3 |
|
Media |
|
338 |
|
2 |
|
|
462 |
|
4 |
|
|
800 |
|
3 |
|
Consumer
goods |
|
314 |
|
2 |
|
|
441 |
|
4 |
|
|
755 |
|
3 |
|
Technology |
|
159 |
|
1 |
|
|
536 |
|
4 |
|
|
695 |
|
3 |
|
Telecommunications |
|
411 |
|
3 |
|
|
157 |
|
1 |
|
|
568 |
|
2 |
|
Retail |
|
114 |
|
1 |
|
|
336 |
|
3 |
|
|
450 |
|
2 |
|
Health
care |
|
67 |
|
1 |
|
|
250 |
|
2 |
|
|
317 |
|
1 |
|
Others |
|
12 |
|
- |
|
|
148 |
|
1 |
|
|
160 |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$13,836 |
|
100 |
% |
|
$12,193 |
|
100 |
% |
|
$26,029 |
|
100 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
These bonds are
collateralized by mortgages backed by FNMA, GNMA, FHLMC or FHA and
include collateralized mortgage obligations and pass-through
securities. These amounts also include asset backed securities such
as credit card and automobile securities.
28
Management
s Discussion and Analysis
Bond Portfolio
Surveillance and Under-Performing Investments
To identify
under-performing investments, we review all bonds on a regular basis
utilizing the following criteria:
|
material
declines in revenues or margins,
|
|
significant
uncertainty regarding the issuers industry,
|
|
debt service
coverage or cash flow ratios that fall below industry-specific
thresholds,
|
|
violation of
financial covenants,
|
|
trading of
public securities at a substantial discount due to specific credit
concerns, and
|
|
other
subjective factors that relate to the issuer.
|
We actively
review the bond portfolio to estimate the likelihood and amount of
financial defaults or write-downs in the portfolio and to make timely
decisions as to the potential sale or renegotiation of terms of
specific investments.
The NAIC
defines under-performing bonds as those whose deferral of interest
and/or principal payments are deemed to be caused by the inability of
the obligor to make such payments as called for in the bond
contract.
The following
table sets forth bonds in NAIC Classes 5 and 6, split between
performing and under-performing status:
NAIC Class
5 and 6 Bonds
Carrying
Value
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
1999
|
|
1998
|
|
|
(In
Millions) |
Performing: |
|
|
|
|
Public |
|
$
42 |
|
$
17 |
Private |
|
173 |
|
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total
performing |
|
215 |
|
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
Under-performing: |
|
|
|
|
Public |
|
17 |
|
1 |
Private |
|
87 |
|
34 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total
under-performing |
|
104 |
|
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$319 |
|
$
70 |
|
|
|
|
|
As a result of
our conservative monitoring process, we generate an internal watch
list, which includes certain securities that would not be classified
as under-performing under the SVO credit rating system. At December
31, 1999, our internal watch list contains bonds having a carrying
value of $682 million, or 3%, of the total bond portfolio, excluding
short-term securities. Our internal watch list is comprised of bonds
that have the following NAIC ratings:
|
$33 million
NAIC Class 1,
|
|
$164 million
NAIC Class 2,
|
|
$102 million
NAIC Class 3,
|
|
$296 million
NAIC Class 4,
|
|
$84 million
NAIC Class 5, and
|
|
$3 million
NAIC Class 6.
|
Mortgage
Loans
Mortgage loans
represented 15% of the total investments in the general investment
account at December 31, 1999, compared to 14% at December 31, 1998.
Mortgage loans consist of commercial mortgage loans and residential
mortgage loan pools. Commercial mortgage loans as a percentage of the
mortagage loan portfolio were 79% at December 31, 1999, and 78% at
December 31, 1998.
The following
table provides certain information regarding the contractual maturity
distribution of mortgage loans:
|
|
December
31,
1999
|
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
% of
Total
|
|
|
($ In
Millions) |
Commercial: |
|
|
|
|
|
Due in one
year or less |
|
$
250 |
|
4 |
% |
Due after
one year through
five years |
|
1,301 |
|
20 |
|
Due after
five years through
ten years |
|
1,871 |
|
29 |
|
Due after
ten years |
|
1,736 |
|
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
commercial |
|
5,158 |
|
79 |
|
Residential |
|
1,383 |
|
21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$6,541 |
|
100 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expected
maturities will differ from contractual maturities because a borrower
may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without
prepayment penalties.
Management
s Discussion and Analysis
Commercial
Our commercial
mortgage loan portfolio consists of fixed and floating rate loans on
completed, income producing properties. The majority of the portfolio
is fixed rate mortgages.
At December
31, 1999 and 1998, 83% of the commercial mortgage loan portfolio
consisted of bullet loans. Bullet loans are loans that do not fully
amortize over their term.
We had $340
million of bullet loans scheduled to mature during 1999, of which,
$312 million, or 92%, were paid in full at maturity and $28 million,
or 8%, were foreclosed or paid off at a discount.
During 1999,
all renewed bullet loans were performing assets prior to renewal and
all loan renewals reflected market conditions. Past experience with
regard to bullet maturities, however, is not necessarily indicative
of future results.
We consider
the maturities of commercial mortgage loans to be sufficiently
diversified, and we carefully monitor and manage them in light of our
liquidity needs.
The following
tables set forth the commercial mortgage loan portfolio by property
type and geographic distribution:
Commercial
Mortgage Loans by
Property
Type
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
1999
|
|
1998
|
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
% of
Total
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
% of
Total
|
|
|
($ In
Millions) |
Office |
|
$2,056 |
|
40 |
% |
|
$1,484 |
|
32 |
% |
Apartments |
|
1,068 |
|
21 |
|
|
552 |
|
12 |
|
Hotels &
Motels |
|
881 |
|
17 |
|
|
706 |
|
16 |
|
Retail |
|
605 |
|
12 |
|
|
700 |
|
15 |
|
Industrial
&
Other |
|
548 |
|
10 |
|
|
1,153 |
|
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$5,158 |
|
100 |
% |
|
$4,595 |
|
100 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial
Mortgage Loans by
Geographic
Distribution
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
1999
|
|
1998
|
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
% of
Total
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
% of
Total
|
|
|
($ In
Millions) |
West |
|
$1,171 |
|
23 |
% |
|
$
976 |
|
21 |
% |
Midwest |
|
959 |
|
19 |
|
|
731 |
|
16 |
|
Northeast |
|
833 |
|
16 |
|
|
778 |
|
17 |
|
Southwest |
|
779 |
|
15 |
|
|
764 |
|
17 |
|
Mid-Atlantic |
|
750 |
|
14 |
|
|
620 |
|
13 |
|
Southeast |
|
666 |
|
13 |
|
|
726 |
|
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$5,158 |
|
100 |
% |
|
$4,595 |
|
100 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Residential
The
residential mortgage loan portfolio consists of conventional and
Federal Housing Authority (FHA)/Veteran Administration (
VA) mortgage pools. These investments have provided us
with excellent loss/risk experience. We impose rigorous investment
standards, including governmental agency guarantees, seasoned pools,
and discount pricing as protection against prepayment
risk.
Mortgage Loan
Portfolio Surveillance and Under-Performing
Investments
We actively
monitor, manage and directly service our commercial mortgage loan
portfolio. Our personnel perform or review all aspects of loan
origination and portfolio management, including:
|
property
transfer analysis,
|
|
economic and
financial reviews,
|
|
oversight of
default and bankruptcy proceedings.
|
We re-value
all properties each year and re-inspect all properties either each
year or every other year based on internal quality
ratings.
30
Management
s Discussion and Analysis
We use the
following criteria to determine whether a current or potential
problem exists:
|
major tenant
bankruptcies,
|
|
requests for
restructuring,
|
|
delinquent
tax payments,
|
|
loan-to-value or debt service coverage deficiencies,
and
|
|
overall
vacancy levels.
|
The carrying
values of current and potential problem commercial mortgage loans as
of the dates indicated were as follows:
Current and
Potential Problem
Commercial
Mortgage Loans
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
1999
|
|
1998
|
|
|
(In
Millions) |
Restructured |
|
$
82 |
|
$127 |
In Process
of Foreclosure |
|
17 |
|
6 |
In
Default |
|
14 |
|
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$113 |
|
$147 |
|
|
|
|
|
The AVR
contains a commercial mortgage loan component which totaled $145
million at the end of 1999. In addition, at December 31, 1999, we
maintained a separate voluntary commercial mortgage loan investment
reserve of $25 million for properties in the process of foreclosure
and for other anticipated losses. See Investment Reserves.
The following
tables set forth current and potential problem commercial mortgage
loans aggregated by property type and geographic
distribution:
Commercial
Mortgage Loan Distribution
By Property
Type
|
|
December
31, 1999
|
|
|
Total
Loan
Amount
|
|
Problem
Loan
Amount
|
|
% of
Total
Loan
Amount
|
|
|
($ In
Millions) |
Office |
|
$2,056 |
|
$
59 |
|
3 |
% |
Apartments |
|
1,068 |
|
21 |
|
2 |
|
Hotels &
Motels |
|
881 |
|
- |
|
- |
|
Retail |
|
605 |
|
15 |
|
2 |
|
Industrial
& Other |
|
548 |
|
18 |
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$5,158 |
|
$
113 |
|
2 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial
Mortgage Loan Distribution
By
Geographic Distribution
|
|
December
31, 1999
|
|
|
Total
Loan
Amount
|
|
Problem
Loan
Amount
|
|
% of
Total
Loan
Amount
|
|
|
($ In
Millions) |
West |
|
$1,171 |
|
$
34 |
|
3 |
% |
Midwest |
|
959 |
|
26 |
|
3 |
|
Northeast |
|
833 |
|
20 |
|
2 |
|
Southwest |
|
779 |
|
3 |
|
- |
|
Mid-Atlantic |
|
750 |
|
20 |
|
3 |
|
Southeast |
|
666 |
|
10 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$5,158 |
|
$
113 |
|
2 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following
is a comparison of our commercial mortgage loan experience against
the latest available industry averages as provided by the American
Council of Life Insurance (ACLI). We establish reserves
for commercial mortgage loans in the process of foreclosure, and
recognize losses on such commercial mortgage loans upon
foreclosure.
Management
s Discussion and Analysis
MassMutual
and Life Insurance Industry
Commercial
Mortgage Loan Comparisons
|
|
December
31, 1999
|
|
December
31, 1998
|
|
|
MassMutual
|
|
ACLI
|
|
MassMutual
|
|
ACLI
|
Delinquent
1
|
|
0.27 |
% |
|
0.16 |
% |
|
0.31 |
% |
|
0.17 |
% |
Restructured
2
|
|
1.57 |
|
|
2.41 |
|
|
2.76 |
|
|
3.02 |
|
In foreclo-
sure |
|
0.33 |
|
|
0.15 |
|
|
0.13 |
|
|
0.31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal |
|
2.17 |
|
|
2.72 |
|
|
3.20 |
|
|
3.50 |
|
Foreclosed |
|
0.25 |
|
|
0.26 |
|
|
0.38 |
|
|
0.44 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
2.42 |
% |
|
2.98 |
% |
|
3.58 |
% |
|
3.94 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
Commercial mortgage
loans are classified as delinquent when two or more payments are past
due.
2
Commercial mortgage
loans are classified as restructured when they are in good standing,
but the basic terms such as interest rate or maturity date have been
modified as a result of an actual or anticipated
delinquency.
We also
compare our residential mortgage loan experience to Mortgage Bankers
Survey industry averages. At December 31, 1999, our
delinquency rate was 2.80% as compared to the industry average of
2.25%.
Real
Estate
The real
estate portfolio includes real estate properties originally acquired
as investments, occupied by us, and real estate we acquired through
foreclosure. Foreclosed real estate had a carrying value, net of
write-downs, of $50 million and $54 million at December 31, 1999 and
1998, respectively.
The following
tables illustrate the diversity of the real estate portfolio by
property type and geographic distribution:
Real Estate
by Property Type
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
1999
|
|
1998
|
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
% of
Total
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
% of
Total
|
|
|
($ In
Millions) |
Office |
|
$
884 |
|
41 |
% |
|
$
652 |
|
37 |
% |
Hotels &
Motels |
|
787 |
|
37 |
|
|
572 |
|
33 |
|
Apartments |
|
226 |
|
11 |
|
|
170 |
|
10 |
|
Retail |
|
192 |
|
9 |
|
|
222 |
|
13 |
|
Industrial
& Other |
|
50 |
|
2 |
|
|
124 |
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$2,139 |
|
100 |
% |
|
$1,740 |
|
100 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real Estate
by Geographic Distribution
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
1999
|
|
1998
|
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
% of
Total
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
% of
Total
|
|
|
($ In
Millions) |
Northeast |
|
$
524 |
|
25 |
% |
|
$
434 |
|
25 |
% |
West |
|
408 |
|
19 |
|
|
258 |
|
15 |
|
Mid-Atlantic |
|
329 |
|
16 |
|
|
277 |
|
16 |
|
Southwest |
|
328 |
|
15 |
|
|
184 |
|
10 |
|
Southeast |
|
307 |
|
14 |
|
|
316 |
|
18 |
|
Midwest |
|
243 |
|
11 |
|
|
271 |
|
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$2,139 |
|
100 |
% |
|
$1,740 |
|
100 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At the close
of 1999, our real estate portfolio consisted of 137 properties with a
statement value in excess of $2.1 billion. The portfolio is primarily
unleveraged with only $51 million in third party non-recourse debt
outstanding at December 31, 1999.
We review
individual property valuations on a regular basis. Asset managers, at
our regional offices, first establish our real estate valuations
using a third party valuation software projecting income on a
lease-by-lease basis. We also reflect budgeted expenses, leasing
assumptions, and capital expenditures. The appraisal section of our
real estate investment division reviews these valuations for
technical accuracy, methodology and the appropriateness of the
assumed rates of return. We prepare these valuations on an interim
basis between the months of February and September, with a final
valuation prepared for the end of the year. Additionally, in 1999,
external independent appraisers appraised a sample of properties
constituting 24.9% of the portfolios market value.
32
Management
s Discussion and Analysis
At December 31, 1999, our real estate AVR totaled $155 million. In
addition, we maintained a separate General Investment Reserve (
GIR) of $25 million for properties held for sale during
the upcoming year.
Investment
Reserves
When we
determine that it is probable that the net realizable value of an
invested asset is less than our carrying value, we establish and
record appropriate write-downs or investment reserves in accordance
with statutory practice.
We determine
the net realizable value of bonds in accordance with principles
established by the SVO using criteria such as:
|
the net
worth and capital structure of the borrower,
|
|
the value of
the collateral,
|
|
the presence
of additional credit support and
|
|
our
evaluation of the borrowers ability to compete in a relevant
market.
|
In the case of
real estate and commercial mortgage loans, we make borrower and
property-specific assessments as well.
In compliance
with regulatory requirements, we maintain an AVR. The AVR stabilizes
policyholders contingency reserves against fluctuations in the
value of stocks, as well as declines in the value of bonds, mortgage
loans, and real estate investments.
We maintain a
GIR which is not mandated by regulation, in anticipation of future
losses on specific real estate properties and mortgage loans,
particularly mortgage loans in the process of
foreclosure.
Our total
investment reserves at December 31, 1999 were $994 million, a 5.6%
decrease from December 31, 1998, consisting of AVR of $937 million
and other investment reserves of $57 million. Other investment
reserves were comprised of $50 million for mortgage loans and real
estate and $7 million for a special contingency reserve related to
the surplus notes.
Asset
valuation and other investment reserves decreased in 1999 primarily
due to a $44 million decrease in the other investment reserves,
driven by continued improvements in the underlying investment risks
of both the mortgage and real estate loan portfolios and a $17
million decrease in the special contingency reserve for surplus
notes.
Management
s Discussion and Analysis
The following
table presents the change in total investment reserves for the years
1999 and 1998:
|
|
Total
Investment Reserves
|
|
|
Bonds,
Preferred
Stocks and
Short-term
Investments
|
|
Mortgage
Loans
|
|
Real
Estate
and Other
Invested Assets
|
|
Common
Stock
|
|
Special
Contingency
Reserve for
Surplus
Notes
|
|
Total
|
|
|
(In
Millions) |
Balance
at December 31, 1997
1
|
|
$
248 |
|
|
$
152 |
|
|
$
270 |
|
|
$
274 |
|
|
$
28 |
|
|
$
972 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reserve
contributions
2
|
|
39 |
|
|
34 |
|
|
(46 |
) |
|
(19 |
) |
|
(4 |
) |
|
4 |
|
Transfers
among categories |
|
(4 |
) |
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net realized
capital gains (losses)
3
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
(7 |
) |
|
53 |
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
64 |
|
Unrealized
capital gains (losses)
4
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net change
to policyholders contin-
gency reserves
5
|
|
18 |
|
|
31 |
|
|
7 |
|
|
29 |
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
81 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance
at December 31, 1998
1
|
|
$
266 |
|
|
$
183 |
|
|
$
277 |
|
|
$
303 |
|
|
$
24 |
|
|
$1,053 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reserve
contributions
2
|
|
57 |
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
21 |
|
|
(17 |
) |
|
68 |
|
Transfers
among categories |
|
14 |
|
|
(14 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net realized
capital gains (losses)
3
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
(6 |
) |
|
17 |
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
|
|
35 |
|
Unrealized
capital gains (losses)
4
|
|
(53 |
) |
|
|
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
(101 |
) |
|
|
|
|
(162 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net change
to policyholders contin-
gency reserves
5
|
|
14 |
|
|
(13 |
) |
|
9 |
|
|
(52 |
) |
|
(17 |
) |
|
(59 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance
at December 31, 1999
1
|
|
$
280 |
|
|
$
170 |
|
|
$
286 |
|
|
$
251 |
|
|
$
7 |
|
|
$
994 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
The balance is
comprised of the AVR and Other Investment Reserves which are recorded
as liabilities on the Statement of Financial Position as
follows:
|
|
AVR
|
|
Other
Investment
Reserves
|
|
Total
|
|
|
(In
Millions) |
Balance at December
31, 1997 |
|
$
841 |
|
$
131 |
|
$
972 |
Balance at December
31, 1998 |
|
$
952 |
|
$
101 |
|
$
1,053 |
Balance at December
31, 1999 |
|
$
937 |
|
$
57 |
|
$
994 |
2
Amounts represent
contributions calculated on a statutory formula plus amounts we deem
necessary. The statutory formula provides for maximums that when
exceeded cause us to have a negative contribution. Additionally,
these amounts represent the net impact on policyholders
contingency reserves for investment gains and losses not related to
changes in interest rates.
3
These amounts offset
realized capital gains (losses), net of tax, that have been recorded
as a component of net income. Amounts include realized capital gains
and losses, net of tax, on sales not related to interest
fluctuations, such as repayments of mortgage loans at a discount,
mortgage loan foreclosures, and real estate permanent
write-downs.
4
These amounts offset
unrealized capital gains (losses), recorded as a change in
policyholders contingency reserves. Amounts include unrealized
losses due to market value reductions of securities with a NAIC
quality rating of 6 and net changes in the undistributed earnings of
subsidiaries.
5
Amounts represent the
reserve contribution (note 2) less amounts already recorded (notes 3
and 4). This net change in reserves is recorded as a change in
policyholders contingency reserves.
34
Management
s Discussion and Analysis
Quantitative and Qualitative Information about Market
Risk
We developed
the following discussion of our risk-management activities using
forward-looking statements that are based on estimates
and assumptions. While we believe that the assumptions we have made
are reasonably possible in the near term, actual results could differ
materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. In
addition, we would likely take certain actions to mitigate the
impacts of the assumed market changes, thereby reducing the negative
impact discussed below.
We have
excluded all non-guaranteed separate account assets and liabilities
from the following discussion since all market risks associated with
those accounts are assumed by the contract holders.
Our assets,
such as bonds, stocks, mortgage loans, policy loans and derivatives
are financial instruments and are subject to the risk of market
volatility and potential market disruptions. These risks may reduce
the value of our financial instruments, or impact future cash flows
and earnings from those instruments. We do not hold or issue any
financial instruments for the purposes of trading.
Our primary
market risk exposure is changes in interest rates, which can cause
changes in the fair value, cash flows, and earnings of certain
financial instruments. To manage our exposure to interest rate
changes, we use sophisticated quantitative asset/liability management
techniques. Asset/liability management allows us to match the market
sensitivity of assets with the liabilities they support. If these
sensitivities are matched perfectly, the impact of interest rate
changes is effectively offset on an economic basis as the change in
value of the asset is offset by a corresponding change in the value
of the supported liability. In addition, we invest a significant
portion of our investment funds in high quality bonds in order to
maintain and manage liquidity and reduce the risk of default in the
portfolio.
Based upon the
information and assumptions we used in our asset/liability analysis
as of December 31, 1999, we estimate that a hypothetical immediate
10% increase in interest rates would decrease the net fair value of
our financial instruments by $1,049 million. A change in interest
rates of 10% would not have a material impact on our future earnings
or cash flows. A significant portion of our liabilities, e.g.,
insurance policy and claim reserves, are not considered financial
instruments and are excluded from the above analysis. Because of our
asset/liability management, a corresponding change in fair values of
these liabilities, based on the present value of estimated cash
flows, would significantly offset the net decrease in fair value of
assets estimated above.
We also use
derivative financial instruments to manage our investment risks;
primarily to reduce interest rate and duration imbalances determined
in asset/liability analyses. We do not hold or issue these financial
instruments for trading purposes.
The notional
amounts described below do not represent amounts exchanged by the
parties and, thus, are not a measure of our exposure. The amounts
exchanged are calculated on the basis of the notional amounts and the
other terms of the instruments, which relate to interest rates,
exchange rates, security prices, or financial or other
indexes.
We utilize
interest rate swap agreements, options, and purchased caps and floors
to reduce interest rate exposures arising from mismatches between
assets and liabilities and to modify portfolio profiles to manage
other risks identified. Under interest rate swaps, we agree to an
exchange, at specified intervals, between streams of variable rate
and fixed rate interest payments. The amount exchanged is calculated
by reference to an agreed upon notional principal amount. We had
outstanding swaps with notional amounts of $9.4 billion at December
31, 1999, and $4.4 billion at December 31, 1998.
Options grant
us the right to buy or sell a security or enter into a derivative
transaction at a stated price within a stated period. Our option
contracts have terms of up to fifteen years. We had option contracts
with notional amounts of $11.8 billion at December 31, 1999, and
$12.7 billion at December 31, 1998. Our credit risk exposure was
limited to the unamortized costs of $77 million at December 31, 1999,
and $93 million at December 31, 1998.
Interest rate
cap agreements grant us the right to receive the excess of a
referenced interest rate over a stated rate calculated by reference
to an agreed upon notional amount. Interest rate floor
agreements grant us the right to receive the excess of a stated rate
over a referenced interest rate calculated by reference to an agreed
upon notional amount. At December 31, 1999, we had agreements with
notional amounts of $3.3 billion, and $4.3 billion at December 31,
1998. Our credit risk exposure was limited to the unamortized costs
of $11 million at December 31, 1999, and $23 million at December 31,
1998.
We enter into
forward U.S. Treasury, Government National Mortgage Association (
GNMA), and Federal National Mortgage Association (
FNMA) commitments. We enter into these forward
commitments for the purpose of managing interest rate exposure. We
generally do not take delivery on these commitments. Instead of
taking delivery, we settle these commitments with offsetting
transactions. We had outstanding commitments with contractual amounts
of $175 million at December 31, 1999, and $603 million at December
31, 1998.
We utilize
other agreements to reduce exposures to various risks. At December
31, 1999, we had other agreements with notional amounts of $583
million, and $384 million at December 31, 1998.
We are exposed
to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by
counterparties to derivative financial instruments. This exposure is
limited to contracts with a positive fair value. The amounts at risk
in a net gain position were $60 million at December 31, 1999, and
$273 million at December 31, 1998. We monitor exposure to ensure
counterparties are credit worthy and concentration of exposure is
minimized. Additionally, we have obtained collateral positions with
counterparties when considered prudent.
Description of the Business
We are a
mutual life insurance company organized in the Commonwealth of
Massachusetts as a corporation and were originally chartered in 1851.
As a mutual life insurance company, we have no shareholders. Our
primary business is ordinary life insurance. We also provide,
directly or through our subsidiaries, a wide range of annuity and
disability products, and pension and pension-related products and
services, as well as investment services to individuals, corporations
and other institutions, in all 50 states of the United States and the
District of Columbia. We, or our subsidiaries, are also licensed to
transact business in Puerto Rico, six provinces of Canada, Chile,
Argentina, Bermuda and Luxembourg, however, these operations are not
material.
Our principal
lines of business are
|
Individual
Line of Business, which includes life, disability, annuities,
corporate owned life insurance, and investment products and
services; and
|
|
Retirement
Services, which provides retirement plan sponsors and participants
a full range of products and services in the defined contribution,
defined benefit and non-qualified deferred compensation plan
markets.
|
The MassMutual
Investment Group (MMIG), whose operations effective
January 1, 2000, were merged into David L. Babson and Company, Inc.,
a MassMutual wholly-owned subsidiary, provides investment advisory
services to us, our affiliates and various outside individual and
institutional investors through our investment management staff and
our subsidiaries: Oppenheimer Acquisition Corporation, which owns
Oppenheimer Funds Inc.; DLB Acquisition Corporation, which owns David
L. Babson and Company, Inc.; Antares Capital Corporation; and
Cornerstone Real Estate Advisers, Inc. The results of operations of
MMIG are allocated to and reflected in the financial results of the
other product lines.
Prior to March
1996, a fourth line, Life and Health Benefits Management Operations,
which provided group life and health insurance products and related
services to corporations and other institutions, was also a principal
line of business. That line was transferred to one of our
subsidiaries in December 1994, and the subsidiary was subsequently
sold in March of 1996.
On March 1,
1996, the operations of the former Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance
Company were merged into our operations. The merger was accounted for
under the pooling of interests method of accounting. Our financial
information has been restated to reflect the merger as if it had
occurred on January 1, 1995. This is in conformity with statutory
accounting practices.
36
Description of
the Business
The following
table sets forth financial data for the periods
indicated.
|
|
(Unaudited) |
|
|
Years
Ended December 31,
|
|
|
1999
|
|
1998
|
|
1997
|
|
1996
|
|
1995
|
|
|
(In
Millions) |
Premium
Income: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Individual
line operations |
|
$
3,814 |
|
$
4,614 |
|
$
4,299 |
|
$
4,286 |
|
$
3,924 |
Retirement
services operations |
|
3,816 |
|
2,868 |
|
2,466 |
|
2,043 |
|
1,804 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total premium
income |
|
$
7,630 |
|
$
7,482 |
|
$
6,765 |
|
$
6,329 |
|
$
5,728 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
Investment Income: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Individual
line operations |
|
$
2,429 |
|
$
2,298 |
|
$
2,159 |
|
$
2,037 |
|
$
1,952 |
Retirement
services operations |
|
647 |
|
659 |
|
711 |
|
797 |
|
890 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total net
investment income |
|
$
3,076 |
|
$
2,957 |
|
$
2,870 |
|
$
2,834 |
|
$
2,842 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
Income: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Individual
line operations |
|
$
370 |
|
$
257 |
|
$
216 |
|
$
225 |
|
$
165 |
Retirement
services operations |
|
97 |
|
109 |
|
41 |
|
40 |
|
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total net
income |
|
$
467 |
|
$
366 |
|
$
257 |
|
$
265 |
|
$
190 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
Assets (at period end): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Individual
line operations |
|
$45,092 |
|
$43,687 |
|
$40,072 |
|
$36,361 |
|
$33,902 |
Retirement
services operations |
|
20,034 |
|
18,989 |
|
17,563 |
|
16,986 |
|
16,595 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
assets |
|
$65,126 |
|
$62,676 |
|
$57,635 |
|
$53,347 |
|
$50,497 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Individual
Line
Our Individual
Line provides a wide range of products and services through our
network of general agents, agents and affiliated distributors.
Registered variable contracts, mutual funds, including the
Oppenheimer Funds, and other investment products are distributed
through MML Investors Services, Inc. (MMLISI), a
registered broker-dealer that we indirectly wholly-own. MMLISI also
provides securities brokerage services. MML Distributors, LLC, also
one of our indirectly wholly-owned, registered broker-dealer
subsidiaries acts as the principal underwriter for many of our
registered variable annuity and variable life insurance
products.
Products
The principal
products offered by the Individual Line include:
whole life
insurance, variable universal life insurance, term, and corporate
owned life insurance products,
individual
annuity products, and
individual
disability income insurance products.
The majority
of these products offer a range of riders that provide such benefits
as waiver of premium, accidental death benefits, long-term care
coverage, paid-up additions of insurance, and accelerated death
benefits. See MassMutual Investment Group for additional
information on related investment management services.
Set forth
below is a description of the Individual Lines principal
products:
Whole
Life. Whole life insurance is a
participating product that provides guaranteed minimum death benefits
and guaranteed cash values in return for periodic premium payments of
a fixed amount. We offer several types of whole life products,
including products with premiums due for the life of the insured and
products with guaranteed limited payment periods. We also offer
survivorship whole life, a product that pays a death benefit upon the
death of the second of two insureds.
Universal
Life. Universal life insurance provides
the policyholder with flexible premiums and death benefits as well as
no lapse guarantees. We credit premiums in excess of specified sales
charges to the account value of the policy, which are allocated to
the fixed account backed by our general investment account. That
account value
includes a guaranteed principal with a minimum interest credit. The
policy value is the net result of the premium payments plus interest
credits minus expense and cost of insurance charges minus the amount
of any partial surrenders. In 1999, the Company introduced an
innovative UltraCare Life product (or linked policy rider
) that enhances standard life insurance protection by allowing
for the acceleration of the death benefit to cover long-term care
costs.
Variable
Universal Life. Variable universal life
insurance provides the policyholder, within guidelines established by
the terms of the policy, the ability to select and change premium
levels, amounts of death benefits, and investment options. We credit
premiums in excess of specified sales charges to the account value of
the policy. We apply net premiums, as instructed by the policyholder,
to a guaranteed principal account backed by our general investment
account, or to one or more of our separate accounts. The policyholder
bears the investment risk for cash values in the separate accounts.
We deduct the cost of insurance and administrative charges from the
accumulating account value to which we credit the premiums. We also
offer various corporate-owned fixed or variable universal life
products sold in connection with corporate benefit plans, including
several products designed for sale to large corporate purchasers for
funding deferred compensation and post-retirement health
benefits.
Term
Insurance. Term insurance provides life
insurance protection for a fixed period and has no cash value. We
offer a variety of term insurance products designed to meet varying
client needs. Almost all term insurance products allow conversion
within a specified time period to one of our other insurance
products.
Annuities. Annuity products
provide for the payment of periodic benefits at regular intervals
beginning at a specified date and continuing for a specific period of
time or for life and are offered in a variety of forms. Individual
and group deferred annuities provide for the accumulation of net
premiums at various guaranteed interest rates. These contracts
provide for either single premiums or flexible premiums and may
accumulate indefinitely, or for a specified period of time. The
premium may be deposited in a fixed account backed by our general
investment account and credited with interest at a rate which we
periodically reset subject to a minimum guarantee. Single premium
immediate annuities are individual, non-participating contracts
providing income for life to either one or two lives with the first
annuity payment starting any time up to one year from the issue date.
Variable annuities are individual or group non-participating
contracts which provide for either a single or periodic premium,
which may be directed to a fixed account backed by our general
investment account or to one of several separate account investment
options for which the investment risk is borne by the contract
holder.
Disability
Income Insurance. Disability income
insurance provides income payments to the insured (including payments
for business overhead expenses) when employment or income is
interrupted or terminated because of illness, sickness or accident.
The level, timing and duration of payments vary by policy
type.
Product Pricing and
Management
We design the
pricing of Individual Line products to produce surplus sufficient to
generate a level of capital consistent with our financial strength
objectives. We achieve long-term value for policyholders by
competitively managing performance in the key financial fundamentals
for each individual product, including investment returns, expenses,
persistency, mortality and morbidity (the incidence and duration of
sickness or injury). The pricing of most products over time reflects
actual experience subject to minimum guarantees. For whole life
products, we reflect the actual experience in dividends that are, in
effect, returns resulting from more favorable interest, mortality,
expense and persistency experiences than those reflected in the
premiums, as well as the pass through of distributed earnings from
other businesses. For other products, we reflect the actual
experience in interest, mortality and/or expense rates.
Principal Markets,
Marketing and Distribution
Sales of our
Individual Line products are primarily targeted to affluent and
emerging affluent market segments including professionals, business
owners, principals and partners. Our
products are designed to solve complex financial concerns including
estate planning and business succession planning needs.
We sell our
Individual Line products nationwide primarily through approximately
93 general agents who contract with more than 4,302 full-time career
agents. In 1999, 81% of the Individual Lines premiums were
generated by policies sold by our career agents. The remaining 19% of
premiums were generated by policies sold by other producers,
including independent brokers, who contract with the general agents,
consultants and independent broker-dealers. In addition, we issue the
LifeTrust variable annuity product for marketing and distribution
through the Oppenheimer registered representatives. The LifeTrust
variable annuity product accounted for 4.9% of individual annuity
sales in 1999.
Underwriting
We carefully
balance the risk assessment process to ensure an evaluation of
relative risks consistent with the issuance of new business and
competitive product performance.
Competition
The life
insurance industry is highly competitive. There are more than 1,500
life insurance companies in the United States, many of which offer
individual insurance products similar to those marketed by the
Individual Line. In addition to competition within the industry,
insurers are increasingly facing competition from non-traditional
sources in the financial services industry, including mutual funds,
banks, securities brokerage houses, and other financial services
entities, many of which provide alternative investment and savings
vehicles for consumers. Federal legislative initiatives are affecting
the financial services industry, thereby changing the environment in
which we compete. For example, the Gramm, Leach and Bliley Act
(Financial Modernization Act) was passed in 1999, thereby
establishing a framework in which banks, insurance companies and
securities firms can enter into each others business. See
Regulation section below for a more detailed discussion
concerning the impact of this bill.
Competition
for large life insurance sales consists mostly of no greater than 20
financially strong companies. Our clients advisors,
consultants, attorneys and accountants are involved in the selling
process for these large cases. Sales of these products tend to be
unpredictable, causing volatility in our sales results. These
products also contribute to an increase in the average size of
policies. In addition, there is substantial competition for smaller
cases due to the large number of companies and agents in these
markets nationwide.
Currently,
more insurance companies, banks and mutual fund companies are
entering the annuity business. We effectively compete in this market
through our use of multiple distribution channels, our customer
service orientation, variety of fund options, and offering of desired
product features.
In the
disability income market, competitor strategies are diverging due to
poor financial results. The individual disability market is heavily
concentrated with the five largest companies, including MassMutual,
representing more than 50% of the market.
Objective
testimony to the companys strong performance and market
position is reflected in our ratings: AAA for financial strength from
Standard & Poors; A++ (Superior) for financial strength
from A.M. Best; AAA for claims-paying from Duff & Phelps; and Aa1
(Excellent) for financial strength from Moodys Investors
Services. Each rating agency independently assigns ratings based on
its own separate review and takes into account a variety of factors,
which are subject to change in making its decision. Accordingly,
there can be no assurance of the ratings that will be afforded us in
the future.
Retirement
Services
Retirement
Services offers retirement plan sponsors and participants a full
range of products and services in the defined contribution, defined
benefit and non-qualified deferred compensation plan
markets.
Primarily
serving companies with $5 million to $100 million in retirement plan
assets, this line of business meets the needs of more than 3,800 plan
sponsors and 500,000 participants, providing companies with the
valuable ability to entirely outsource their retirement benefit
operations.
Description of
the Business
Products
Set forth
below is a description of our principal retirement
products:
Defined
Contribution:
Superflex.
Superflex is a full-service (investment, administrative
and consultative) defined contribution product sold to larger plans,
generally involving more than $20 million of first year assets.
Superflex offers a complete array of separate account investment
options to participants. The guaranteed investment option provided by
Superflex is funded in our general investment account, with minimum
interest rate guarantees.
Flexinvest.
Flexinvest is a full service (investment, administrative
and consultative) defined contribution product typically sold to
plans with less than $20 million of first year assets. Flexinvest
offers a complete array of our separate accounts as investment
options to participants. We also offer a guaranteed investment option
funded in our general investment account. One-year interest rate
guarantees are offered, reflecting past experience as well as
expected future experience.
Retirement
Matters Accumulation Product (RMAP). RMAP is a
defined contribution product, sold directly by our career agency
system and wholesalers. RMAP can be either administrated by a third
party administrator, full service (investment, administrative and
consultative), or no service. This product is typically sold to plans
with less than $1 million of first year assets. RMAP offers a
complete array of our separate accounts as investment options to
participants. We also offer one-year interest rate guarantees,
reflecting past experience as well as expected future
experience.
Guaranteed
Investment Contracts and Single Premium Annuity
Contracts:
We sell
traditional guaranteed investment contracts (GICs) along
with European guaranteed investment contracts (Euro-GICs
). Both are non-participating general investment account
products, which provide a guarantee of principal and a fixed rate of
return for a fixed period of time. A lump sum payment is provided at
contract maturity.
Traditional
GICs ordinarily are offered to both defined benefit and defined
contribution plans. The defined contribution version typically
provides benefit responsiveness by permitting withdrawals
for the payment of plan benefits and transfers to other plan options
by plan participants. Euro-GICs are primarily offered to
international fixed-income investors who want guaranteed rate
products from U.S. insurance companies with longer-dated maturities
than maturities offered by traditional guaranteed investment
contracts.
Single premium
annuity contracts (SPACs) are no longer actively being
sold. SPACs guarantee the payment of monthly pension benefits to
retirees of defined benefit plans in return for a single premium paid
by the plan sponsor.
Separate
Accounts:
Separate
accounts are non-guaranteed pooled separate accounts in which the
investment results of the assets, net of a management fee, are passed
directly to the contract holders. Currently, we offer separate
accounts that invest in large and small capitalization equities,
bonds, international equities and money market instruments. We offer
separate accounts without services to both defined benefit and
defined contribution plans, or with services in conjunction with the
Flexinvest, Superflex, RMAP and Defined Benefit products. In response
to the popularity of mutual funds with plan sponsors due to the high
level of regulatory oversight and disclosure requirements, we have
added an array of mutual funds to our product line, including
non-proprietary funds.
Defined
Benefit:
Defined
Benefit products include the Deposit Administration contract (DA
), the Immediate Participation contract (IP) and
the Pension Funding contract (PF). These products are
funded in our general investment account and are participating.
Nominal interest rate guarantees are provided in the DA contract. All
three contracts provide for annuity purchases, on either a
participating basis (DA) or non-participating basis (IP and PF). We
offer separate accounts in conjunction with these products. We also
offer full investment, administrative and consultative
services.
40
Description of
the Business
Other
Products:
Interest
Guarantee. The Interest Guarantee product is an investment
only participating general investment account product with minimum
interest rate guarantees being provided up to periods of five years.
It is sold primarily to plans with $250 thousand or more of deposits
over five years, and it is offered to both defined contribution and
defined benefit plans.
Participating
Guaranteed. In response to demands for alternatives to
traditional guaranteed investment contract products, we market
participating guaranteed products through pooled separate accounts or
single customer separate accounts. We pass through the investment
results of the separate account assets to the contract holders and we
guarantee the return of principal plus accrued interest and future
minimum guaranteed interest over the contract term. Participating
guaranteed products are typically sold to defined contribution
plans.
Principal Markets,
Marketing and Distribution
Our goal in
the retirement marketplace is to grow our defined contribution and
defined benefit businesses. Our focus is on the large and mid-size
market. Currently we meet the needs of more than 3,800-plan sponsor
and 500,000 participants.
We sell our
pension products through 26 pension field employees (
representatives) in 19 offices located in major cities in
the United States. Our representatives distribute products through
our agents, brokers, primarily agents of other companies, and
consultants.
Competition
Our Retirement
Services operations, with $20.0 billion in statutory assets at
December 31, 1999, is among the top 50 pension asset managers in the
United States in terms of assets under management. In recent years,
we have faced increased competition in the retirement product and
services market as a result of the dissolution of traditional
industry boundaries and the entrance of mutual funds and other
non-traditional pension management entities which have significant
name recognition and retail servicing capabilities. The increased
diversity in providers of retirement products and services, and the
increasing number of companies entering the market are anticipated to
increase price and investment performance pressures. We believe that
our diverse product line, which includes mutual funds, flexibility in
servicing levels, and use of technology will enhance our position as
an experienced retirement services entity, and that the marketplace
itself is poised for further expansion due to increased attention
focused on retirement planning and savings.
Life and Health
Benefits Management
On March 31,
1996, we sold MassMutual Holding Company Two, Inc., a wholly-owned
subsidiary, and its subsidiaries, including Mirus Life Insurance
Company which is currently doing business as UniCARE Life and Health
Insurance Company. This comprised our group life and health business.
We cede our group life, accident and health business to UniCARE Life
and Health Insurance Company, pursuant to a 1994 reinsurance
agreement. Accordingly, our gain from operations does not include
income generated by the GLA&H business.
As a result of
reinsurance, we had no net premiums, policyholders benefits and
payments or addition to policyholders reserves in this line
since 1994. Direct premium, prior to reinsurance with UniCARE, was $2
million in 1999, a decrease of $22 million, or 90.9%, from $24
million in 1998, which in turn was a decrease of 85.7% from $168
million in 1997. Direct premiums are decreasing due to the fact that
when our contracts come up for renewal, they are being replaced with
UniCARE contracts.
MassMutual
Investment Group
MassMutual
Investment Group (MMIG) provides investment advisory
services to us, our affiliates, and various unaffilliated individual
and institutional investors through our investment management staff
and our subsidiaries:
|
Oppenheimer
Acquisition Corporation (OAC), with $123.3 billion of
assets under management (AUM) at December 31, 1999, is
one of the largest mutual fund companies in the United
States;
|
|
DLB
Acquisition Corporation, with $18.9 billion of AUM at December 31,
1999, manages funds for both individual clients and institutional
investors;
|
Description of
the Business
|
Charter Oak
Capital Management, Inc., with $3.6 billion of AUM at December 31,
1999;
|
|
Cornerstone
Real Estate Advisers, Inc., with $3.3 billion of AUM at December
31, 1999, is a manager of and adviser on commercial real estate;
and
|
|
Antares
Capital Corporation, a finance company which lends and syndicates
loans to smaller companies.
|
In addition,
through a private placement team, MMIG markets high-yield private
investment funds to external parties.
Through MMIG
s management of our general investment account (GIA
), our GIAs AUM has grown substantially in recent years,
reaching $43.3 billion at December 31, 1999. The results of
operations of MMIG, excluding unconsolidated subsidiaries such as
OAC, are allocated to and are reflected in the financial results of
our other product lines.
Our investment
management services focus on supporting the liabilities of the lines
of business in light of yield, liquidity and diversification
considerations. The GIA, which backs most of our participating and
non-participating insurance and pension products, is divided into a
number of separate portfolios, each of which is structured to meet
the obligations of particular liabilities. The goal of
asset/liability management for the GIA is to optimize and control,
particularly in volatile financial markets, the investment return and
liquidity of a portfolio given the unique set of liabilities it
supports. We utilize a wide array of investment instruments to carry
out our portfolio management activities. The investment strategies
MMIG uses in managing our separate accounts are generally aimed at
maximizing the total rate of return against an agreed upon market
benchmark.
In January
2000, the many functions of the Investment Management Group and our
Charter Oak Capital Management, Inc. subsidiary were consolidated
into David L. Babson, creating a significantly larger entity with $66
billion in assets under management. This new organization has
enhanced resources to better serve its many clients, which include
public and private pension funds, endowment foundations, insurance
companies, banks, personal holding companies, personal trusts, and
individuals.
Reinsurance
We cede all of
our group life and health business to UniCARE Life and Health
insurance Company and enter into other reinsurance agreements with
other insurance companies in the normal course of business. Premiums,
benefits to policyholders and provisions for future benefits are
stated net of reinsurance. We remain liable to the insured for the
payments of benefits if the reinsurer cannot meet its obligations
under the reinsurance agreements.
As a result of
the merger with Connecticut Mutual, we have a modified coinsurance
agreement with our subsidiary C.M. Life Insurance Company (C.M.
Life) whereby we assume certain universal life policies sold by
C.M. Life, as well as an assumption stop-loss reinsurance agreement
on all of C.M. Lifes policies.
Effective
January 1, 1997, we entered into an assumption stop-loss agreement
with our subsidiary MML Bay State Life Insurance Company on all of
its policies.
As of December
31, 1999, our maximum retention limit for an individual life was $15
million. We may issue up to an additional $5 million of coverage on
the same individual in connection with survivorship whole life
policies. Amounts in excess of our retention limits are ceded to
reinsurers.
We also have
catastrophic reinsurance arrangements that provide us reimbursement
of losses in excess of specified deductibles resulting from
catastrophic events.
Unconsolidated
Subsidiaries
We provide
other financial products and services through our subsidiaries. We
have two primary insurance subsidiaries, C.M. Life, which writes
variable annuities, variable life and universal life insurance, and
MML Bay State, which writes variable life and annuity business. Our
wholly-owned subsidiary, MassMutual Holding Company, indirectly owns
numerous non-insurance subsidiaries, including:
|
Oppenheimer
Acquisition Corporation and subsidiaries;
|
42
Description of
the Business
|
DLB
Acquisition Corporation and subsidiaries;
|
|
Cornerstone
Real Estate Advisers, Inc; and
|
|
Antares
Capital Corporation.
|
In addition,
MassMutual Holding Company owns MassMutual International, with life
insurance operations in Bermuda, Luxembourg, Chile and Argentina, as
well as other affiliates.
We account for
the value of our investments in subsidiaries at their underlying net
equity. We reflect operating results, less dividends declared, for
such subsidiaries as net unrealized capital gains. We record net
investment income to the extent that the subsidiaries declare
dividends. We hold $1,626 million of debt issued by MassMutual
Holding Company and its subsidiaries as of December 31,
1999.
In 1999, we
formed the the MassMutual Trust Company to further diversify our
services. This new business operates as a federal savings bank. This
company offers a range of fiduciary, private investment and trust
custody services, enabling our representative to provide clients with
an array of lifelong financial solutions to meet their changing
investment needs.
Financial
information for our unconsolidated subsidiaries as of December 31,
and for the year then ended is summarized below:
|
|
1999
|
|
1998
|
|
1997
|
|
|
(In
millions) |
Domestic
life insurance
subsidiaries: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues |
|
$1,587 |
|
|
$1,152 |
|
|
$1,087 |
Net income
(loss) |
|
(26 |
) |
|
(3 |
) |
|
1 |
Assets |
|
5,947 |
|
|
4,753 |
|
|
3,767 |
|
|
Other
Subsidiaries: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues |
|
1,393 |
|
|
1,137 |
|
|
967 |
Net
income |
|
115 |
|
|
74 |
|
|
75 |
Assets |
|
3,542 |
|
|
2,840 |
|
|
2,019 |
Regulation
General. We are licensed to
transact our insurance business in, and are subject to regulation
and supervision by, all 50 states of the United States, the District
of Columbia, Puerto Rico and six provinces of Canada. Our insurance
subsidiaries are licensed, regulated and supervised in all
jurisdictions where they conduct insurance business. The extent of
such regulation varies. However, most jurisdictions have laws and
regulations requiring the licensing of insurers and their agents and
setting standards of solvency and business conduct to be maintained
by licensed insurance companies, and may regulate withdrawal from
certain markets. In addition, statutes and regulations usually
require the approval of policy forms and, for certain lines of
insurance, the approval of rates. Such statutes and regulations in
certain states also prescribe the permitted types and concentration
of investments. We, along with each of our insurance subsidiaries,
are required to file detailed annual financial statements with
supervisory agencies in each of the jurisdictions in which we do
business. Our operations and accounts are also subject to
examination by such agencies. We are also subject to federal and
state laws and regulations affecting the conduct of our
businesses.
State
insurance regulatory authorities may from time to time make
inquiries regarding our compliance with regulations regarding the
conduct of our insurance business. We endeavor to respond to such
inquiries in an appropriate way and to take corrective action if
warranted. Based upon regulatory inquiries which have been made, it
is our opinion that any regulatory proceedings which might be
initiated following such inquiries are not likely to have a material
adverse effect on our financial position or results of
operations.
Holding
Company Regulations. We are subject to
the Massachusetts Insurance Holding Company System Registration Act.
Each of our United States insurance subsidiaries is subject to
similar regulation in their state of domicile. The act contains
certain reporting requirements as well as restrictions on
transactions involving an insurer and its subsidiaries and
affiliates.
The insurance
holding company acts of each state also restrict the payment of
dividends by United States insurance subsidiaries and require prior
regulatory approval for payments of dividends beyond specified
levels. Our insurance subsidiaries do not at present, and are not
currently expected to, make dividend payments to us.
Guaranty
Funds. All 50 states of the United
States, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico have insurance
guaranty fund laws requiring insurance companies doing business,
within those jurisdictions, to participate in guaranty
associations. Guaranty associations are organized to cover, subject to
limits, contractual obligations under insurance policies, and
certificates issued under group insurance policies, issued by
impaired or insolvent life insurance companies. These associations
levy assessments, up to prescribed limits, on each member insurer
doing business in a particular state on the basis of their
proportionate share of the premiums written by all member insurers
in the lines of business in which the impaired or insolvent insurer
is engaged. Some states permit member insurers to recover
assessments paid through full or partial premium tax offsets,
usually over a period of years. Assessments levied against us by
guaranty associations during each of the past five years have not
been material. While we cannot accurately predict the amount of
future assessments, we believe that assessments with respect to
other pending insurance company impairments and insolvencies will
not be material to our financial position.
Policy and
Contract Reserve Sufficiency Analysis.
Massachusetts and other states have adopted an NAIC model law
and regulation with respect to policy and contract reserve
sufficiency. The law and regulation expand the annual analysis of
reserve sufficiency to include all life and health insurance
reserves in addition to interest sensitive single premium life and
annuity reserves. Each year we must submit an opinion of a qualified
actuary that states that our reserves, when considered in light of
the assets held with respect to the reserves, make good and
sufficient provision for our associated contractual obligations and
related expenses. If an opinion cannot be provided, we must set up
additional reserves by moving funds from surplus. As part of our
1999 Annual Statement, we provided an actuarial opinion without
qualifications regarding these reserve requirements as of December
31, 1999.
Risk-Based
Capital. The NAIC Risk-Based Capital (
RBC) Model Act requires life insurance companies to
submit an annual RBC Report which compares a companys total
adjusted capital with its risk-based capital as calculated by an RBC
formula. The RBC formula takes into account the risk characteristics
of an insurance companys investments and products. The formula
is used as an early warning tool to identify possible weakly
capitalized companies for purposes of initiating further regulatory
action. The formula is not intended as a means to rank insurers. The
standards give state insurance commissioners explicit
regulatory authority to require various actions by, or take various
actions against, insurance companies whose total adjusted capital
does not meet the RBC standards. Broad confidentiality requirements
have been imposed on those engaged in the insurance business,
including insurers, agents, brokers and others, as to the use and
publication of RBC data. The RBC formula includes capital
requirements for four categories of risk:
|
interest
rate risk, and
|
For each
category, the capital requirement is determined by applying
specified factors to various asset, premium and reserve and other
items, with the factor being higher for those items with greater
underlying risk, and lower for items with less risk. Our RBC at
December 31, 1999, was substantially in excess of all RBC minimum
standards.
Policyholder Dividend Requirements.
The Massachusetts insurance law limits the amount of surplus
that a domestic life insurance company may accumulate. In our case,
Massachusetts insurance law generally limits the amount of our
surplus attributable to participating business to 12% of our
reserves for participating business, unless the Commissioner
approves a greater amount. We are in compliance with that
limit.
We distribute
amounts of divisible surplus annually in the form of dividends on
our participating policies in accordance with dividend scales
approved annually by our Board of Directors.
Regulation
of Investments. We are subject to state
laws and regulations that require diversification of our investment
portfolios and limit the amount of investments in certain investment
categories; such as below investment grade fixed income securities,
real estate and equity investments. Failure to comply with these
laws and regulations would cause investments exceeding regulatory
limitations to be treated as non-admitted assets for purposes of
measuring statutory surplus, and, in some instances, require
divestiture. At December 31, 1999, our investments complied with all
such laws and regulations.
44
Description
of the Business
In 1996, the
NAIC adopted a model law governing legal investments for life and
non-life insurers in an effort to impose uniform regulatory
standards for insurance company investments. This so-called
defined standards version of the model law prescribes
permitted classes of legal investments, and certain prohibited
investments, and establish qualitative and quantitative limitations
for each class of investment. At present, a limited number of states
have approved the defined standards version of the model law. In
1998, the NAIC adopted a second, defined limits version
of the model law which relies more on the exercise of prudence by
insurers in their investment activity rather than the establishment
of strict quantitative limits on investments. Each state can approve
either the defined standards or defined limits version of the model
law, or a hybrid of both model laws. We are unsure how regulation of
investments pursuant to a model law will affect us, since no
legislation has been introduced in Massachusetts to adopt any
version of the NAIC model law. Our investments will not be subject
to the model law, in any form, until such a law is enacted in
Massachusetts.
Financial
Services Legislation. On November 4,
1999, both the House and Senate passed the conference report to
The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (the Act
). President Clinton signed the Act into law in November,
1999. The Act repeals the depression era law (the
Glass-Steagall Act), separating commercial and investment
banking, as well as a companion law that had prevented banking
organizations from underwriting insurance. In its place, the new law
sets up a framework in which banks, insurance companies and
securities firms can enter into each others business. The Act
attempts both to preserve state regulation of insurance and to
prevent the states from discriminating against national banks
engaged in insurance. Thus, the Act preserves much of state
regulation of insurance, provided that the regulation of banks is
not discriminatory. Here are some of the highlights of the Act from
our perspective. The Act:
|
creates a
financial services holding company that may conduct a
broad range of financial activity, including banking, insurance
and securities as well as real estate development activities. The
Federal Reserve Board is designated as the umbrella regulator
of the holding company. The Act prohibits holding companies
from engaging in commercial activities.
|
|
permits
cross industry acquisitions 120 days after enactment, or March 12,
2000.
|
|
provides
for functional regulation of insurance activities by the states
regardless of the nature of the entity that is engaging in those
activities.
|
|
prohibits
direct bank sales and underwriting of insurance by
banks.
|
|
permits
insurance sales activities in a bank, a bank affiliate, or in a
bank-operating subsidiary.
|
|
limits
insurance underwriting to bank affiliates.
|
|
requires
financial institutions to develop and disclose privacy policies to
customers at the beginning of a customer relationship and annually
thereafter.
|
|
requires
financial institutions to give their customers the right to object
to sharing personal information with unaffiliated third parties
(to opt out). However, consumers are not required to
consent to information sharing with affiliates or pursuant to
joint marketing arrangements or to facilitate a third party
servicing of customer accounts.
|
|
prevents
states from enacting laws that prevent or significantly
interfere with national banks sales. However, the Act
establishes 13 separate safe harbor provisions. These
safe harbors set forth-specified types of state law
that cannot be preempted.
|
|
creates a
federal definition of insurance for underwriting
purposes.
|
|
establishes
a dispute resolution process by which preemption challenges to
insurance regulation enacted in the future will be decided on the
merits, without giving unequal deference to the views of either
the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) or state insurance
regulators.
|
|
provides
for the creation of the National Association of Registered Agents
and Brokers (NARAB), a clearinghouse for insurance agents who are
licensed in more than one state. NARAB will not come into
existence if a majority of states enact uniform licensing or
reciprocity laws within three years of the enactment of the
legislation.
|
Description
of the Business
Many of
these provisions will be implemented by regulations to be issued by
the Federal Reserve Board, the Office of Comptroller of Currency,
the Federal Trade Commission, the Securities and Exchange
Commission, and other federal regulatory agencies. MassMutual is
subject to many, but not all of the provisions of the
Act.
Federal
Income Taxation. Under the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986 as amended (The Code), we are taxed
on our life insurance company taxable income. In 1990, the Code was
amended to require the capitalization and amortization of certain
policy acquisition expenses. Previously, we deducted these expenses
as incurred. In addition, as a mutual life insurance company, we are
subject to a tax on our surplus, commonly known as mutual company
equity tax.
In addition,
existing federal laws and regulations affect the taxation of life
insurance, annuity, retirement, and investment products, and the
holders of those products, and the relative desirability of various
personal investment vehicles.
Congress has
from time to time considered proposals that, if enacted, would have
had an adverse impact on the federal income tax treatment of certain
annuity and life insurance policies we offer. If these proposals
were adopted, they would adversely affect our ability to sell such
products and could result in the surrender of existing contracts and
policies. We cannot predict whether future legislation will contain
provisions that will alter the tax treatment of these
products.
Securities
Laws. We, along with certain of our
subsidiaries and certain policies and contracts offered by them, are
subject to various levels of regulation under the federal securities
laws. We and several of our direct and indirect subsidiaries, are
investment advisors registered under the Investment Advisers Act of
1940. Our investment advisor subsidiaries include:
|
Cornerstone
Real Estate Advisers, Inc.,
|
|
David L.
Babson and Company, Inc.,
|
|
Charter Oak
Capital Management, Inc., and
|
In addition,
certain of our separate accounts and a variety of our mutual funds
and other pooled investment vehicles are registered under the
Investment Company Act of 1940. These include:
|
MML Series
Investment Fund,
|
|
Oppenheimer
Variable Account Funds,
|
|
Panorama
Series Fund, Inc.,
|
|
Oppenheimer
Series Fund, Inc.,
|
|
six mutual
funds advised by David L. Babson and Company, Inc.,
|
|
MassMutual
Corporate Investors, and
|
|
MassMutual
Participation Investors.
|
Certain
insurance and annuity contracts issued by us, MML Bay State Life
Insurance Company, and C.M. Life Insurance Company are registered
under the Securities Act of 1933.
MML Investors
Services Inc., MML Distributors, LLC, OppenheimerFunds Distributors,
Inc., Babson Securities Corporation, and other direct and indirect
subsidiaries, are registered as broker-dealers under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934.
These laws
and regulations are primarily intended to benefit investors in the
securities markets and generally grant supervisory agencies broad
administrative powers, including the power to limit or restrict the
carrying on of business for failure to comply with such laws and
regulations. We, and our subsidiaries, may also be subject to
similar laws and regulations in the states and foreign countries in
which we provide investment advisory services, offer the products
described above, or conduct other securities-related
activities.
Environmental Considerations.
As owners and operators of real property, we are subject to
extensive federal, state and local environmental laws and
regulations. Inherent in such ownership and operation, is the risk
that there may be potential environmental liabilities and costs in
connection with any required remediation of such properties. We
routinely conduct environmental assessments for real estate we are
acquiring for investment and before taking title to real property
through collateralizing mortgages we hold. Based on these
environmental assessments, and compliance with our internal
environmental procedures, we believe that any costs associated with
compliance with environmental laws and regulations or any
remediation of such properties would not be material to our
financial position.
46
Description
of the Business
We, and
certain of our subsidiaries, hold equity stakes in entities that
could potentially be subject to environmental liabilities. We
believe, based on our assessment of the businesses and properties of
these entities and our level of involvement in the operation and
management of such entities, we would not be subject to any material
environmental liabilities with respect to these investments.
However, unexpected environmental liabilities can arise.
ERISA
Considerations. When we and our insurance
subsidiaries act as fiduciaries for employee benefit plans governed
by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (
ERISA), we are subject to regulation by the United
States Department of Labor (the DOL). ERISA restricts
the activities of a fiduciary of an employee benefit plan covered by
that law, including an investment manager or advisor with respect to
the plans assets.
In 1993, the
United States Supreme Court issued an opinion in John Hancock
Mutual Life Insurance Co. v. Harris Trust and Savings Bank (
Harris Trust), holding that certain contract holder
funds held by John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Company in its
general investment account under a participating group annuity
contract were plan assets, and therefore, subject to
ERISAs fiduciary provisions. At this time we cannot determine
with complete certainty the overall effect of that opinion on our
general account contracts and operations. However, even if the
Supreme Courts decision in Harris Trust were otherwise
deemed applicable to us, the Department of Labor has granted
Prohibited Transaction Class Exemption 95-60, a class exemption from
ERISAs prohibited transaction provisions which applies to
external investments made with general account assets.
Furthermore,
The Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996 provided insurance
companies some relief from the effects of the Harris Trust
decision. That law requires the DOL to issue regulations
establishing guidelines and procedures under which insurance company
general account assets will not be considered plan assets on account
of contracts issued on or prior to December 31, 1998. The DOL issued
final regulations on January 5, 2000 (Transition Policy
Regulation). Under the law, if an insurance company complies
with those regulations, no claim may be maintained that the
insurance companys general account contained plan assets
subject to fiduciary requirements of ERISA on the basis of contracts
issued on or prior to December 31, 1998. This provision, however, is
not applicable to cases filed before November 7, 1995. We intend to
comply with the Transition Policy Regulation. We have also taken
action to assure that our contracts issued on or after January 1,
1999, comply with any applicable ERISA requirements.
Properties
We own seven
buildings located in Springfield, Massachusetts on approximately
88.64 acres, comprising our North Campus office complex. We occupy
all of the approximately 1.199 million square feet of gross building
area in such buildings. We also own or lease three buildings in
Hartford, Connecticut, comprising our South Campus office
complex.
We have
approximately 116 leases for our home office and field office
operations. Such leases typically have terms of three to ten years
with renewal options. Our annual rental obligations under these
leases aggregated approximately $30 million at December 31,
1999.
We believe
that such owned and leased properties are suitable and adequate for
our current business operations.
Employees and
Agents
As of
December 31, 1999, we, and our subsidiaries, employed approximately
8,045 people.
Our general
agents employ approximately 4,163 full-time agents and 120 retired
agents who continue to be licensed to sell our products. In
addition, approximately 11,257 independent brokers are licensed to
sell certain of our insurance products. Approximately, 3,295 of the
full-time agents and 1,541 of the independent brokers are licensed
to sell registered investment products. None of our employees are
represented by a labor union. We believe that our employee relations
are generally good.
Description
of the Business
Experts and Additional Available Information
Experts
We included
our 1999 audited statutory financial statements in this prospectus
in reliance on the report of Deloitte & Touche LLP, independent
auditors, given on the authority of that firm as experts in
accounting and auditing. These statements include the statutory
statement of financial position as of December 31, 1999, and the
related statutory statements of income, changes in policyholders
contingency reserves, and cash flows for the year ended
December 31, 1999.
We included
our 1998 and 1997 audited statutory financial statements in this
prospectus in reliance on the reports of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP,
independent accountants, given on the authority of that firm as
experts in accounting and auditing. These statements include the
statutory statement of financial position as of December 31, 1998,
and related statutory statements of income, changes in policyholders
contingency reserves, and cash flows for each of the years in
the two year period ended December 31, 1998.
Additional
Available Information
We file
registration statements, reports and informational statements with
the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under the
Securities Act of 1933. These filings contain information not
contained in this Prospectus. You can review and copy such
registration statements, reports, information statements and other
information at the public reference facilities maintained by the
SEC. The SEC is located at Room 1024, 450 Fifth Street, N.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20549. The SECs New York and Chicago regional
offices are located at the following addresses:
|
Northeast
Regional Office, 7 World Trade Center, Suite 1300, New York, New
York, 10046; and
|
|
Midwest
Regional Office, 500 West Madison Street, Suite 1400, Chicago,
Illinois 60661.
|
The SEC also
maintains a Web site that contains these filings. The SECs
internet address is http://www.sec.gov.
Selected Historical Financial Data
We have
prepared our financial information on the basis of statutory
accounting practices. For a description of the accounting principles
applicable to this financial information and certain differences
between statutory accounting practices and generally accepted
accounting principles, see Accounting Practices
.
The following
statutory information as of and for the years ended December 31,
1999, 1998, 1997, 1996 and 1995 has been derived from our audited
statutory financial statements. The 1999 statutory financial
statements have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP,
independent auditors. The statutory financial statements for
the years 1995 through 1998 were audited by other
auditors.
This
information should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in
its entirety by, Managements Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the
financial statements and other information included elsewhere in
this prospectus. The results for past accounting periods are not
necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future
accounting period.
48
Experts and
Additional Available Information
Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
Selected
Historical Financial Data
|
|
Years
Ended December 31,
|
|
|
1999
|
|
1998
|
|
1997
|
|
1996
|
|
1995
|
|
|
(In
Millions) |
Statement of Operations Data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premium
income |
|
$
7,630 |
|
$
7,482 |
|
$
6,765 |
|
|
$
6,329 |
|
$
5,728 |
|
Net
investment income |
|
3,076 |
|
2,957 |
|
2,870 |
|
|
2,834 |
|
2,842 |
|
Fees and
other income |
|
184 |
|
154 |
|
127 |
|
|
117 |
|
130 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
revenue |
|
10,890 |
|
10,593 |
|
9,762 |
|
|
9,280 |
|
8,700 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Benefits
and expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Policyholders benefits and payments |
|
7,294 |
|
5,874 |
|
6,584 |
|
|
6,048 |
|
5,152 |
|
Addition to
policyholders reserves and funds |
|
1,127 |
|
2,300 |
|
827 |
|
|
945 |
|
1,279 |
|
Commissions |
|
282 |
|
299 |
|
315 |
|
|
336 |
|
302 |
|
Operating
expenses, state taxes, licenses and fees |
|
533 |
|
598 |
|
533 |
|
|
523 |
|
622 |
|
Merger
restructuring costs
1
|
|
- |
|
- |
|
- |
|
|
66 |
|
44 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total benefits and
expenses |
|
9,236 |
|
9,071 |
|
8,259 |
|
|
7,918 |
|
7,399 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net gain
before federal income taxes and dividends |
|
1,654 |
|
1,522 |
|
1,503 |
|
|
1,362 |
|
1,301 |
|
Federal
income taxes |
|
161 |
|
199 |
|
284 |
|
|
277 |
|
206 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net gain
from operations before dividends |
|
1,493 |
|
1,323 |
|
1,219 |
|
|
1,085 |
|
1,095 |
|
Dividends
to policyholders
2
|
|
1,031 |
|
983 |
|
919 |
|
|
860 |
|
819 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net gain
from operations |
|
462 |
|
340 |
|
300 |
|
|
225 |
|
276 |
|
Net
realized capital gain (loss) |
|
5 |
|
26 |
|
(43 |
) |
|
40 |
|
(86 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
income |
|
$
467 |
|
$
366 |
|
$
257 |
|
|
$
265 |
|
$
190 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance
Sheet Data: (at period end) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
General
account assets |
|
$44,673 |
|
$43,086 |
|
$40,832 |
|
|
$39,783 |
|
$39,187 |
|
Separate
account assets |
|
20,453 |
|
19,590 |
|
16,803 |
|
|
13,564 |
|
11,310 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
assets |
|
$65,126 |
|
$62,676 |
|
$57,635 |
|
|
$53,347 |
|
$50,497 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Policyholders reserves and funds
3
|
|
$37,192 |
|
$35,277 |
|
$33,783 |
|
|
$33,342 |
|
$32,893 |
|
Policyholders dividends |
|
1,071 |
|
1,022 |
|
954 |
|
|
885 |
|
833 |
|
Long-term
debt |
|
22 |
|
11 |
|
3 |
|
|
- |
|
107 |
|
AVR and
other investment reserves |
|
994 |
|
1,053 |
|
972 |
|
|
897 |
|
755 |
|
Separate
account liabilities |
|
20,452 |
|
19,589 |
|
16,803 |
|
|
13,563 |
|
11,310 |
|
Other
liabilities |
|
1,984 |
|
2,535 |
|
2,247 |
|
|
2,021 |
|
1,998 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
liabilities |
|
61,715 |
|
59,487 |
|
54,762 |
|
|
50,708 |
|
47,896 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Policyholders contingency reserves:
1,3,8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding
surplus notes
5
|
|
343 |
|
326 |
|
322 |
|
|
318 |
|
315 |
|
Designated
surplus |
|
3 |
|
3 |
|
3 |
|
|
3 |
|
38 |
|
Unassigned
funds
6
|
|
3,065 |
|
2,860 |
|
2,548 |
|
|
2,318 |
|
2,248 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
policyholders contingency reserves |
|
3,411 |
|
3,189 |
|
2,873 |
|
|
2,639 |
|
2,601 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
liabilities and policyholders contingency
reserves |
|
$65,126 |
|
$62,676 |
|
$57,635 |
|
|
$53,347 |
|
$50,497 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
Adjusted Capital Data:
7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
policyholders contingency reserves |
|
$
3,411 |
|
$
3,189 |
|
$
2,873 |
|
|
$
2,639 |
|
$
2,601 |
|
Asset valuation
reserve |
|
959 |
|
975 |
|
864 |
|
|
707 |
|
585 |
|
One-half the
apportioned dividend liability
4
|
|
530 |
|
505 |
|
472 |
|
|
438 |
|
411 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
adjusted capital |
|
$
4,900 |
|
$
4,669 |
|
$
4,209 |
|
|
$
3,784 |
|
$
3,597 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selected
Historical Financial Data
1
In 1995, charges for
employee separation and transition expenses directly attributable to
our merger with Connecticut Mutual Insurance Company were $44
million before-tax for us and $45 million after-tax for Connecticut
Mutual. The expenses we incurred were recorded in the statement of
operations and the expenses incurred by Connecticut Mutual were
recorded as a component of changes in policyholders
contingency reserves, as permitted by each companys regulatory
authority. During 1996, we incurred and recorded an additional $66
million of merger-related expenses in the statement of
operations.
2
Dividends to
policyholders are discretionary and subject to the approval of our
Board of Directors.
3
During 1995, we
supplemented reserves for certain disability income contracts. We
recorded the effects of these changes, $108 million in 1995, as
decreases to policyholders contingency reserves. As a result
of the merger, during 1996, we strengthened policyholder reserves
attributable to the disability income line of business by $75
million, increased the real estate valuation reserves by $50
million, and the prepaid pension asset by $10 million, with the
related charges being reflected in policyholders contingency
reserves.
4
Statutory accounting
practices require that the liability for policyholders
dividends include dividends currently payable and the full amount of
dividends apportioned for payment over the 12 months following the
date of the applicable financial statement. One-half of such
apportioned dividends is unearned at any point in time and we
include this in the calculation of total adjusted
capital.
5
We issued surplus
notes of $100 million at 7.5 percent during 1994, and $250 million
at 7.625 percent during 1993. We recorded the proceeds of the notes,
less a special reserve for contingencies of $7 million for 1999, $24
million for 1998, $28 million for 1997, and $32 million for 1996 and
1995, as a component of our policyholders contingency
reserves.
6
Pursuant to approval
by the Commissioner, any payment of interest or principal of the
Notes, and any redemption payment, may be made only to the extent
that our unassigned funds contain sufficient funds to cover the
amount of such payment.
7
Defined by the NAIC
as surplus plus consolidated AVR and one-half the consolidated
apportioned dividend liability.
8
In 1999, we recorded
a $78.9 million reduction in policyholders contingency
reserves as a result of benefit plan enhancements associated with an
early retirement program.
We have
reclassified certain prior year amounts to conform with current year
presentation.
50
Selected
Historical Financial Data
Report
of Independent Auditors
To the
Board of Directors and Policyholders of
Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance
Company
We have
audited the accompanying statutory statement of financial position
of Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company as of December 31,
1999, and the related statutory statements of income, changes in
policyholders contingency reserves, and cash flows for the
year then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility
of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express
an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. The
statutory financial statements of the Company for the years ended
December 31, 1998 and 1997, were audited by other auditors. Their
report, dated February 25, 1999, expressed an opinion that these
statements were not fairly presented in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles; however, such report also expressed
an unqualified opinion on those financial statements
conformity with the statutory basis of accounting described in Note
1 to the financial statements.
We conducted
our audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards.
Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free
of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test
basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the
financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement
presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis
for our opinion.
As described
more fully in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company has
prepared these financial statements using statutory accounting
practices prescribed or permitted by the Commonwealth of
Massachusetts Division of Insurance, which practices differ from
generally accepted accounting principles. The effects on the
financial statements of the variances between the statutory basis of
accounting and generally accepted accounting principles, although
not reasonably determinable, are presumed to be
material.
In our
opinion, because of the effects of the matters discussed in the
preceding paragraph, the 1999 financial statements referred to above
do not present fairly, in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles, the financial position of Massachusetts
Mutual Life Insurance Company as of December 31, 1999, or the
results of its operations or its cash flows for the year then
ended.
In our
opinion, the 1999 statutory financial statements referred to above
present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of
Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company at December 31, 1999,
and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year
then ended on the statutory basis of accounting described in Note
1.
DELOITTE
& TOUCHE
LLP
Hartford,
Connecticut
February 1,
2000
Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance
Company
STATUTORY
STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
|
|
December
31, |
|
|
1999 |
|
1998 |
|
|
(In
Millions) |
Assets: |
|
Bonds |
|
$24,598.4 |
|
$25,215.8 |
Common
stocks |
|
294.4 |
|
296.3 |
Mortgage
loans |
|
6,540.8 |
|
5,916.5 |
Real
estate |
|
2,138.8 |
|
1,739.8 |
Other
investments |
|
2,516.9 |
|
2,263.7 |
Policy
loans |
|
5,466.9 |
|
5,224.2 |
Cash and short-term
investments |
|
1,785.8 |
|
1,123.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total invested
assets |
|
43,342.0 |
|
41,779.6 |
Other
assets |
|
1,330.7 |
|
1,306.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
44,672.7 |
|
43,085.8 |
Separate account
assets |
|
20,453.0 |
|
19,589.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
assets |
|
$65,125.7 |
|
$62,675.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
See Notes
to Statutory Financial Statements.
FF-2
Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance
Company
STATUTORY
STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION, Continued
|
|
December
31, |
|
|
1999 |
|
1998 |
|
|
(In
Millions) |
Liabilities: |
|
Policyholders
reserves and funds |
|
$37,191.6 |
|
$35,277.0 |
Policyholders
dividends |
|
1,070.8 |
|
1,021.6 |
Policyholders
claims and other benefits |
|
328.8 |
|
332.4 |
Federal income
taxes |
|
734.3 |
|
634.9 |
Asset valuation and
other investment reserves |
|
993.9 |
|
1,053.4 |
Other
liabilities |
|
943.0 |
|
1,578.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
41,262.4 |
|
39,898.2 |
|
Separate account
liabilities |
|
20,452.0 |
|
19,588.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
liabilities |
|
61,714.4 |
|
59,486.7 |
|
Policyholders
contingency reserves |
|
3,411.3 |
|
3,188.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
and policyholders contingency reserves |
|
$65,125.7 |
|
$62,675.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
See Notes
to Statutory Financial Statements.
FF-3
Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance
Company
STATUTORY
STATEMENTS OF INCOME
|
|
Years Ended
December 31, |
|
|
1999 |
|
1998 |
|
1997 |
|
|
(In
Millions) |
Revenue: |
|
Premium
income |
|
$7,630.3 |
|
$7,482.2 |
|
$6,764.8 |
|
Net investment
income |
|
3,075.8 |
|
2,956.8 |
|
2,870.2 |
|
Fees and other
income |
|
184.3 |
|
154.0 |
|
126.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
revenue |
|
10,890.4 |
|
10,593.0 |
|
9,761.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Benefits and
expenses: |
|
Policyholders
benefits and payments |
|
7,294.0 |
|
5,873.9 |
|
6,583.8 |
|
Addition to
policyholders reserves and funds |
|
1,127.6 |
|
2,299.6 |
|
826.8 |
|
Operating
expenses |
|
450.7 |
|
509.5 |
|
450.8 |
|
Commissions |
|
281.8 |
|
299.3 |
|
315.3 |
|
State taxes,
licenses and fees |
|
82.4 |
|
88.1 |
|
81.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total benefits and
expenses |
|
9,236.5 |
|
9,070.4 |
|
8,258.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net gain before
federal income taxes and dividends |
|
1,653.9 |
|
1,522.6 |
|
1,503.5 |
|
|
Federal income
taxes |
|
160.9 |
|
199.3 |
|
284.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net gain from
operations before dividends |
|
1,493.0 |
|
1,323.3 |
|
1,219.1 |
|
|
Dividends to
policyholders |
|
1,031.0 |
|
982.9 |
|
919.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net gain from
operations |
|
462.0 |
|
340.4 |
|
299.6 |
|
|
Net realized
capital gain (loss) |
|
5.4 |
|
25.4 |
|
(42.5 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
income |
|
$
467.4 |
|
$
365.8 |
|
$
257.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Notes
to Statutory Financial Statements.
FF-4
Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance
Company
STATUTORY
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN POLICYHOLDERS CONTINGENCY
RESERVES
|
|
Years Ended
December 31, |
|
|
1999 |
|
1998 |
|
1997 |
|
|
(In
Millions) |
|
Policyholders
contingency reserves, beginning of year |
|
$3,188.8 |
|
|
$2,873.3 |
|
|
$2,638.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increases
(decreases) due to: |
Net
income |
|
467.4 |
|
|
365.8 |
|
|
257.1 |
|
Net unrealized
capital gains (losses) |
|
(201.7 |
) |
|
17.4 |
|
|
119.1 |
|
Change in asset
valuation and other investment reserves |
|
59.5 |
|
|
(81.0 |
) |
|
(76.0 |
) |
Change in prior
year policyholders reserves |
|
(13.0 |
) |
|
8.6 |
|
|
(55.4 |
) |
Benefit plan
enhancements |
|
(78.9 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
(10.8 |
) |
|
4.7 |
|
|
(10.1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
222.5 |
|
|
315.5 |
|
|
234.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Policyholders
contingency reserves, end of year |
|
$3,411.3 |
|
|
$3,188.8 |
|
|
$2,873.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Notes
to Statutory Financial Statements.
FF-5
Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance
Company
STATUTORY
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
|
|
Years Ended
December 31, |
|
|
1999 |
|
1998 |
|
1997 |
|
|
(In
Millions) |
Operating
activities: |
Net
income |
|
$
467.4 |
|
|
$
365.8 |
|
|
$
257.1 |
|
Addition to
policyholders reserves, funds and policy benefits,
net of transfers to separate
accounts |
|
1,911.0 |
|
|
1,472.8 |
|
|
421.3 |
|
Net realized
capital (gain) loss |
|
(5.4 |
) |
|
(25.4 |
) |
|
42.5 |
|
Other
changes |
|
(220.2 |
) |
|
15.4 |
|
|
(108.1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided
by operating activities |
|
2,152.8 |
|
|
1,828.6 |
|
|
612.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investing
activities: |
Loans and purchases
of investments |
|
(14,180.3 |
) |
|
(15,981.2 |
) |
|
(12,292.7 |
) |
Sales and
maturities of investments and receipts from
repayment of loans |
|
12,690.0 |
|
|
13,334.7 |
|
|
12,545.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided
by (used in) investing activities |
|
(1,490.3 |
) |
|
(2,646.5 |
) |
|
253.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase (decrease)
in cash and short-term investments |
|
662.5 |
|
|
(817.9 |
) |
|
865.8 |
|
|
Cash and short-term
investments, beginning of year |
|
1,123.3 |
|
|
1,941.2 |
|
|
1,075.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and short-term
investments, end of year |
|
$
1,785.8 |
|
|
$
1,123.3 |
|
|
$
1,941.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Notes
to Statutory Financial Statements.
FF-6
Notes
to Statutory Financial Statements
Massachusetts
Mutual Life Insurance Company (the Company or
MassMutual) is a mutual life insurance company and as
such has no shareholders. The Companys primary business is
individual life insurance, annuity and disability income products
distributed primarily through career agents. The Company also
provides either directly or through its subsidiaries a wide range of
pension products and services, as well as investment services to
individuals, corporations and institutions in all 50 states and the
District of Columbia.
1. SUMMARY
OF ACCOUNTING PRACTICES
|
The
accompanying statutory financial statements have been prepared in
conformity with the statutory accounting practices, except as to
form, of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (
NAIC) and the accounting practices prescribed or
permitted by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Division of
Insurance and are different in some respects from financial
statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles (GAAP). The more significant
differences are as follows: (a) acquisition costs, such as
commissions and other costs directly related to acquiring new
business, are charged to current operations as incurred, whereas
GAAP would require these expenses to be capitalized and recognized
over the life of the policies; (b) statutory policy reserves are
based upon the commissioners reserve valuation methods and
statutory mortality, morbidity and interest assumptions, whereas
GAAP reserves would generally be based upon net level premium and
estimated gross margin methods and appropriately conservative
estimates of future mortality, morbidity and interest assumptions;
(c) bonds are generally carried at amortized cost whereas GAAP
generally requires they be reported at fair value; (d) deferred
income taxes are not provided for book-tax timing differences as
would be required by GAAP; (e) payments received for universal and
variable life products, variable annuities and investment related
products are reported as premium income and changes in reserves,
whereas under GAAP, these payments would be recorded as deposits
to policyholders account balances; and (f) majority owned
subsidiaries are accounted for using the equity method, whereas
GAAP would require these entities to be consolidated.
|
|
In March
1998, the NAIC adopted the Codification of Statutory Accounting
Principles (Codification). Codification provides a
comprehensive guide of statutory accounting principles for use by
insurers in all states and is expected to become effective January
1, 2001. The effect of adopting Codification shall be reported as
an adjustment to policyholders contingency reserves on the
effective date. The Company is currently reviewing the impact of
Codification; however, due to the nature of certain required
accounting changes and their sensitivity to factors such as
interest rates, the actual impact upon adoption cannot be
determined at this time.
|
|
The
preparation of financial statements requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of
assets and liabilities, as well as disclosures of contingent
assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements.
Management must also make estimates and assumptions that affect
the amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.
Future events, including changes in the levels of mortality,
morbidity, interest rates, persistency and asset valuations, could
cause actual results to differ from the estimates used in the
financial statements.
|
|
The
following is a description of the Companys principal
accounting policies and practices.
|
|
Bonds and
stocks are valued in accordance with rules established by the
NAIC. Generally, bonds are valued at amortized cost, using the
interest method, preferred stocks in good standing at cost, and
common stocks at fair value.
|
|
Mortgage
loans are valued at unpaid principal net of unamortized premium or
discount. The Company discontinues the accrual of interest on
mortgage loans which are delinquent more than 90 days or when
collection is uncertain. Real estate is valued at cost less
accumulated depreciation, impairment allowances and mortgage
encumbrances. Encumbrances totaled $50.8 million in 1999 and $63.5
million in 1998. Depreciation on investment real estate is
calculated using the straight-line and constant yield
methods.
|
|
Policy
loans are carried at the outstanding loan balance less amounts
unsecured by the cash surrender value of the policy.
|
|
Short-term
investments are stated at amortized cost.
|
Notes
to Statutory Financial Statements,
Continued
|
Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries and affiliates, joint
ventures and other forms of partnerships are included in other
investments on the Statutory Statements of Financial Position and
are accounted for using the equity method. During 1999, MassMutual
contributed additional paid-in capital of $125.0 million to
certain unconsolidated subsidiaries.
|
|
In
compliance with regulatory requirements, the Company maintains an
Asset Valuation Reserve (AVR) and an Interest
Maintenance Reserve (IMR). The AVR and other
investment reserves stabilize the policyholders contingency
reserves against fluctuations in the value of stocks, as well as
declines in the value of bonds, mortgage loans and real estate
investments. The IMR defers after-tax realized capital gains and
losses which result from changes in the overall level of interest
rates for all types of fixed income investments and interest
related hedging activities. These interest rate related gains and
losses are amortized into net investment income using the grouped
method over the remaining life of the investment sold or over the
remaining life of the underlying asset. Net realized after tax
capital losses of $29.2 million in 1999 and net realized after tax
capital gains of $189.1 million in 1998, and $95.4 million in 1997
were deferred into to the IMR. Amortization of the IMR into net
investment income amounted to $52.0 million in 1999, $40.3 million
in 1998, and $31.0 million in 1997.
|
|
Realized
capital gains and losses, less taxes, not includable in the IMR,
are recognized in net income. Realized capital gains and losses
are determined using the specific identification method.
Unrealized capital gains and losses are included in policyholders
contingency reserves.
|
|
Separate
account assets and liabilities represent segregated funds
administered and invested by the Company for the benefit of
pension, variable annuity and variable life insurance
contractholders. Assets consist principally of marketable
securities reported at fair value. Premiums, benefits and expenses
of the separate accounts are reported in the Statutory Statements
of Income. The Company receives administrative and investment
advisory fees from these accounts.
|
|
Assets
designated as non-admitted include furniture, certain
equipment and other receivables and are excluded from the
Statutory Statements of Financial Position by an adjustment to
policyholders contingency reserves.
|
d.
|
Policyholders Reserves and
Funds
|
|
Policyholders reserves for life insurance contracts
are developed using accepted actuarial methods computed
principally on the net level premium and the Commissioners
Reserve Valuation Method bases using the American Experience and
the 1941, 1958 and 1980 Commissioners Standard Ordinary
mortality tables with assumed interest rates ranging from 2.50 to
6.75 percent.
|
|
Reserves
for individual annuities, guaranteed investment contracts and
deposit administration and immediate participation guarantee
contracts are based on accepted actuarial methods principally at
interest rates ranging from 2.25 to 11.25 percent.
|
|
Disability
income policy reserves are generally calculated using the two-year
preliminary term, net level premium and fixed net premium methods,
and various morbidity tables with assumed interest rates ranging
from 2.50 to 5.50 percent.
|
e.
|
Premium and Related Expense
Recognition
|
|
Life
insurance premium revenue is recognized annually on the
anniversary date of the policy. Annuity premium is recognized when
received. Disability income premiums are recognized as revenue
when due. Commissions and other costs related to issuance of new
policies, and policy maintenance and settlement costs are charged
to current operations when incurred.
|
f.
|
Policyholders
Dividends
|
|
The Board
of Directors annually approves dividends to be paid in the
following year. These dividends are allocated to reflect the
relative contribution of each group of policies to policyholders
contingency reserves and consider investment and mortality
experience, expenses and federal income tax charges. The liability
for policyholders dividends is the estimated amount of
dividends to be paid during the following calendar
year.
|
Notes
to Statutory Financial Statements,
Continued
g.
|
Cash and Short-term Investments
|
|
The Company
considers all highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity
of twelve months or less to be short-term investments.
|
h.
|
Policyholders Contingency
Reserves
|
|
Policyholders contingency reserves represent surplus
of the Company as reported to regulatory authorities and are
intended to protect policyholders against possible adverse
experience.
|
2. SURPLUS
NOTES
|
The Company
issued surplus notes of $100.0 million at 7.5 percent and $250.0
million at 7.625 percent in 1994 and 1993, respectively. These
notes are unsecured and subordinate to all present and future
indebtedness of the Company, policy claims and prior claims
against the Company as provided by the Massachusetts General Laws.
Issuance was approved by the Commissioner of Insurance of the
Commonwealth of Massachusetts (the Commissioner
).
|
|
All
payments of interest and principal are subject to the prior
approval of the Commissioner. Sinking fund payments are due as
follows: $62.5 million in 2021, $87.5 million in 2022, $150.0
million in 2023 and $50.0 million in 2024.
|
|
Interest on
the notes issued in 1994 is scheduled to be paid on March 1 and
September 1 of each year, to holders of record on the preceding
February 15 or August 15, respectively. Interest on the notes
issued in 1993 is scheduled to be paid on May 15 and November 15
of each year, to holders of record on the preceding May 1 or
November 1, respectively. Interest expense is not recorded until
approval for payment is received from the Commissioner. Interest
of $26.6 million was approved and paid in 1999, 1998 and
1997.
|
|
The
proceeds of the notes, less a $6.7 million reserve in 1999 and a
$24.4 million reserve in 1998 for contingencies associated with
the issuance of the notes, are recorded as a component of the
Companys policyholders contingency reserves as
permitted by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Division of
Insurance. These surplus note contingency reserves are included in
asset valuation and other investment reserves on the Statutory
Statements of Financial Position.
|
3. BENEFIT
PLANS
|
The Company
provides multiple benefit plans to employees, agents and retirees,
including retirement plans and life and health
benefits.
|
|
On June 1,
1999, the Company converted its two non-contributory defined
benefit plans into a cash balance pension plan. The cash balance
pension plan covers substantially all of its employees. Benefits
are expressed as an account balance which is increased with pay
credits and interest credits. Prior to June 1, 1999, the Company
offered two non-contributory defined benefit plans covering
substantially all of its employees. One plan included active
employees and retirees previously employed by Connecticut Mutual
Life Insurance Company (Connecticut Mutual) which
merged with MassMutual in 1996; the other plan included all other
eligible employees and retirees. Benefits were based on the
employees years of service, compensation during the last
five years of employment and estimated social security retirement
benefits.
|
|
The Company
accounts for these plans following Financial Accounting Standards
Board Statement No. 87, Employers Accounting for
Pensions. Accordingly, as permitted by the Commonwealth of
Massachusetts Division of Insurance, the Company has recognized a
pension asset of $214.4 million and $216.0 million at December 31,
1999 and 1998, respectively. Company policy is to fund pension
costs in accordance with the requirements of the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 and, based on such
requirements, no funding was required for the years ended December
31, 1999 and 1998. The assets of the plans are invested in the
Companys general account and separate accounts.
|
Notes
to Statutory Financial Statements,
Continued
|
The
Company also has defined contribution plans for employees and
agents. The Company funds the plans by matching employee
contributions, subject to statutory limits. Company contributions
and any earnings on them are vested based on years of service
using a graduated vesting schedule. In 1999, the Company changed
its vesting schedule to 40 percent after one year of service, 80
percent after two years of service and 100 percent after three
years of service.
|
|
During
1999, the Company offered an early retirement program to employees
over the age of 50 with more than 10 years of service. Employees
that elected this program received enhanced benefits that included
an additional five years of credited service and an additional
five years of attained age. Additionally, a 25% cash bonus was
offered for those electing a lump sum settlement of their benefit.
Employee pension benefits, including the early retirement program
enhancements, are paid directly from plan assets. The Company
recorded a $78.9 million reduction to Policyholders
Contingency Reserves in 1999, as a result of these benefit plan
enhancements.
|
|
Life and
health insurance benefits are provided to employees and agents
through group insurance contracts. Substantially all of the Company
s employees and agents may become eligible for continuation
of certain of these benefits if they retire as active employees or
agents of the Company. The Company adopted the NAIC accounting
standard for post retirement life and health benefit costs,
requiring these benefits to be accounted for using the accrual
method for employees and agents eligible to retire and current
retirees. The initial transition obligation of $137.9 million is
being amortized over twenty years through 2012. At December 31,
1999 and 1998, the net unfunded accumulated benefit obligation was
$168.7 million and $164.6 million, respectively, for employees and
agents eligible to retire or currently retired and $31.0 million
and $41.6 million, respectively, for participants not eligible to
retire. During 1998, the Company transferred the administration of
the retiree life and health plan benefit obligations and
supporting assets to an unconsolidated subsidiary.
|
|
The status
of the defined benefit plans as of December 31 is as
follows:
|
|
|
Retirement |
|
Life and
Health |
|
|
1999 |
|
1998 |
|
1999 |
|
1998 |
|
|
(In
Millions) |
Accumulated benefit
obligation at December 31 |
|
$
777.8 |
|
$
822.8 |
|
$
189.1 |
|
|
$
185.6 |
|
Fair value of plan
assets at December 31 |
|
1,120.9 |
|
1,160.2 |
|
20.4 |
|
|
21.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Funded
status |
|
$
343.1 |
|
$
337.4 |
|
$(168.7 |
) |
|
$(164.6 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
following rates were used in determining the actuarial present
value of the accumulated benefit obligations.
|
|
|
Retirement |
|
Life and
Health |
|
|
1999 |
|
1998 |
|
1999 |
|
1998 |
Discount
rate |
|
7.50% |
|
6.75% |
|
7.50% |
|
6.75% |
Increase in future
compensation levels |
|
4.00% |
|
4.00-5.00% |
|
5.00% |
|
5.00% |
Long-term rate of
return on assets |
|
9.00-10.00% |
|
9.00-10.00% |
|
6.75% |
|
6.75% |
Assumed increases
in medical cost rates in the first year |
|
|
|
|
|
9.00% |
|
7.00% |
declining
to |
|
|
|
|
|
5.00% |
|
4.25% |
within |
|
|
|
|
|
5 years |
|
5 years |
|
A one
percent increase in the annual assumed inflation rate of medical
costs would increase the 1999 accumulated post retirement benefit
liability and benefit expense by $10.2 million and $1.3 million,
respectively. A one percent decrease in the annual assumed
inflation rate of medical costs would decrease the 1999
accumulated post retirement benefit liability and benefit expense
by $9.4 million and $1.1 million, respectively.
|
|
The expense
charged to operations for all employee benefit plans was $28.9
million in 1999, $32.1 million in 1998 and $23.9 million in 1997.
In 1997, there was a significant reduction in plan participants in
the Connecticut Mutual plan, which resulted in recognition of a
pension plan curtailment gain of $10.7 million.
|
Notes
to Statutory Financial Statements,
Continued
4.
FEDERAL INCOME TAXES
|
Provision
for federal income taxes is based upon the Companys estimate
of its tax liability. No deferred tax effect is recognized for
temporary differences that may exist between financial reporting
and taxable income. Accordingly, the reporting of miscellaneous
temporary differences, such as reserves and policy acquisition
costs, and of permanent differences such as equity tax, resulted
in effective tax rates which differ from the statutory tax
rate.
|
|
The Company
plans to file its 1999 federal income tax return on a consolidated
basis with its eligible life insurance affiliates and its non-life
affiliates. The Company and its eligible life affiliates and
non-life affiliates are subject to a written tax allocation
agreement, which allocates the groups consolidated tax
liability for payment purposes. Generally, the agreement provides
that group members shall be compensated for the use of their
losses and credits by other group members.
|
|
The
Internal Revenue Service has completed examining the Company
s income tax returns through the year 1994 for Massachusetts
Mutual and 1995 for Connecticut Mutual. The Internal Revenue
Service is currently examining Massachusetts Mutual for the years
1995 through 1997 and Connecticut Mutual for its pre-merger 1996
tax year. The Company believes adjustments which may result from
such examinations will not materially affect its financial
position.
|
|
Components
of the formula authorized by the Internal Revenue Service for
determining deductible policyholder dividends have not been
finalized for 1999 or 1998. The Company records the estimated
effects of anticipated revisions in the Statutory Statements of
Income.
|
|
Federal tax
payments were $82.5 million in 1999, $152.4 million in 1998 and
$353.4 million in 1997.
|
5.
INVESTMENTS
|
The Company
maintains a diversified investment portfolio. Investment policies
limit concentration in any asset class, geographic region,
industry group, economic characteristic, investment quality or
individual investment. In the normal course of business, the
Company enters into commitments to purchase privately placed
bonds, mortgage loans and real estate, which at December 31, 1999,
totaled $773.9 million.
|
|
The
carrying value and estimated fair value of bonds are as
follows:
|
|
|
December 31,
1999 |
|
|
Carrying
Value |
|
Gross
Unrealized
Gains |
|
Gross
Unrealized
Losses |
|
Estimated
Fair
Value |
|
|
(In
Millions) |
U. S. Treasury
securities and obligations of U. S.
government corporations and agencies |
|
$
3,870.8 |
|
$
105.8 |
|
$
99.9 |
|
$
3,876.7 |
Debt securities
issued by foreign governments |
|
24.2 |
|
1.6 |
|
0.1 |
|
25.7 |
Mortgage-backed
securities |
|
3,468.5 |
|
64.8 |
|
93.5 |
|
3,439.8 |
State and local
governments |
|
295.7 |
|
12.9 |
|
11.1 |
|
297.5 |
Corporate debt
securities |
|
14,393.3 |
|
277.2 |
|
507.0 |
|
14,163.5 |
Utilities |
|
801.6 |
|
36.7 |
|
18.5 |
|
819.8 |
Affiliates |
|
1,744.3 |
|
3.9 |
|
2.9 |
|
1,745.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL |
|
$24,598.4 |
|
$ 502.9 |
|
$733.0 |
|
$24,368.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes
to Statutory Financial Statements,
Continued
|
|
December 31,
1998 |
|
|
Carrying
Value |
|
Gross
Unrealized
Gains |
|
Gross
Unrealized
Losses |
|
Estimated
Fair
Value |
|
|
(In
Millions) |
U. S. Treasury
securities and obligations of U. S.
government corporations and agencies |
|
$
4,945.3 |
|
$
473.0 |
|
$
20.4 |
|
$
5,397.9 |
Debt securities
issued by foreign governments |
|
41.2 |
|
1.5 |
|
1.3 |
|
41.4 |
Mortgage-backed
securities |
|
3,734.4 |
|
188.0 |
|
13.9 |
|
3,908.5 |
State and local
governments |
|
360.5 |
|
33.2 |
|
7.9 |
|
385.8 |
Corporate debt
securities |
|
14,133.3 |
|
845.3 |
|
118.4 |
|
14,860.2 |
Utilities |
|
885.8 |
|
102.6 |
|
0.3 |
|
988.1 |
Affiliates |
|
1,115.3 |
|
0.6 |
|
0.9 |
|
1,115.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL |
|
$25,215.8 |
|
$1,644.2 |
|
$163.1 |
|
$26,696.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
carrying value and estimated fair value of bonds at December 31,
1999, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected
maturities will differ from contractual maturities because
borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or
without prepayment penalties.
|
|
|
Carrying
Value |
|
Estimated
Fair
Value |
|
|
(In
Millions) |
Due in one year or
less |
|
$
425.6 |
|
$
480.1 |
|
Due after one year
through five years |
|
4,289.5 |
|
4,286.7 |
|
Due after five
years through ten years |
|
9,919.5 |
|
9,725.8 |
|
Due after ten
years |
|
4,166.9 |
|
4,135.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18,801.5 |
|
18,627.6 |
|
Mortgage-backed
securities, including securities guaranteed by the
U.S. government |
|
5,796.9 |
|
5,740.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL |
|
$24,598.4 |
|
$24,368.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds
from sales of investments in bonds were $10,621.2 million during
1999, $11,663.4 million during 1998 and $11,427.8 million during
1997. Gross capital gains of $103.3 million in 1999, $331.8
million in 1998 and $200.7 million in 1997 and gross capital
losses of $132.0 million in 1999, $47.3 million in 1998 and $68.8
million in 1997 were realized on those sales, portions of which
were deferred into the IMR.
|
b. Common
Stocks
|
Common
stocks had a cost of $255.3 million in 1999 and $238.4 million in
1998.
|
c.
Mortgages
|
The Company
had restructured loans with book values of $81.1 million and
$126.6 million at December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively. These
loans typically have been modified to defer a portion of the
contractual interest payments to future periods. Interest deferred
to future periods was immaterial in 1999, 1998 and
1997.
|
|
At December
31, 1999, scheduled commercial mortgage loan maturities were as
follows: 2000 $249.6 million; 2001
$250.0 million; 2002 $327.5 million; 2003
$359.4 million; 2004 $363.7
million and $3,607.5 million thereafter.
|
Notes
to Statutory Financial Statements,
Continued
|
The
carrying value of investments which were non-income producing for
the preceding twelve months was $18.8 million and $13.2 million at
December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively.
|
6.
PORTFOLIO RISK MANAGEMENT
|
The Company
uses common derivative financial instruments to manage its
investment risks, primarily to reduce interest rate and duration
imbalances determined in asset/liability analyses. These financial
instruments described below are not recorded in the financial
statements, unless otherwise noted. The Company does not hold or
issue these financial instruments for trading
purposes.
|
|
The
notional amounts described do not represent amounts exchanged by
the parties and, thus, are not a measure of the exposure of the
Company. The amounts exchanged are calculated on the basis of the
notional amounts and the other terms of the instruments, which
relate to interest rates, exchange rates, security prices or
financial or other indexes.
|
|
The Company
utilizes interest rate swap agreements, options, and purchased
caps and floors to reduce interest rate exposures arising from
mismatches between assets and liabilities and to modify portfolio
profiles to manage other risks identified. Under interest rate
swaps, the Company agrees to an exchange, at specified intervals,
between streams of variable rate and fixed rate interest payments
calculated by reference to an agreed upon notional principal
amount. Gains and losses realized on the termination of contracts
are deferred and amortized through the IMR over the remaining life
of the associated contract. IMR amortization is included in net
investment income on the Statutory Statements of Income. Net
amounts receivable and payable are accrued as adjustments to net
investment income and included in other assets on the Statutory
Statements of Financial Position. At December 31, 1999 and 1998,
the Company had swaps with notional amounts of $9,403.5 million
and $4,382.0 million, respectively.
|
|
Options
grant the purchaser the right to buy or sell a security or enter
into a derivative transaction at a stated price within a stated
period. The Companys option contracts have terms of up to
fifteen years. The amounts paid for options purchased are
amortized into net investment income over the life of the contract
on a straight-line basis. Unamortized costs are included in other
investments on the Statutory Statements of Financial Position.
Gains and losses on these contracts are recorded at the expiration
or termination date and are deferred and amortized through the IMR
over the remaining life of the option contract. At December 31,
1999 and 1998, the Company had option contracts with notional
amounts of $11,825.5 million and $12,704.4 million, respectively.
The Companys credit risk exposure was limited to the
unamortized costs of $76.9 million and $92.5 million at December
31, 1999 and 1998, respectively.
|
|
Interest
rate cap agreements grant the purchaser the right to receive the
excess of a referenced interest rate over a stated rate calculated
by reference to an agreed upon notional amount. Interest rate
floor agreements grant the purchaser the right to receive the
excess of a stated rate over a referenced interest rate calculated
by reference to an agreed upon notional amount. Amounts paid for
interest rate caps and floors are amortized into net investment
income over the life of the asset on a straight-line basis.
Unamortized costs are included in other investments on the
Statutory Statements of Financial Position. Amounts receivable and
payable are accrued as adjustments to net investment income and
included in the Statutory Statements of Financial Position as
other assets. Gains and losses on these contracts, including any
unamortized cost, are recognized upon termination and are deferred
and amortized through the IMR over the remaining life of the
associated cap or floor agreement. At December 31, 1999 and 1998,
the Company had agreements with notional amounts of $3,264.2
million and $4,337.9 million, respectively. The Companys
credit risk exposure on these agreements is limited to the
unamortized costs of $11.1 million and $22.7 million at December
31, 1999 and 1998, respectively.
|
|
The Company
enters into forward U.S. Treasury, Government National Mortgage
Association (GNMA) and Federal National Mortgage
Association (FNMA) commitments for the purpose of
managing interest rate exposure. The Company generally does not
take delivery on forward commitments. These commitments are
instead settled with offsetting transactions. Gains and losses on
forward commitments are recorded when the commitment is closed and
deferred and amortized through the IMR over the remaining life of
the asset. At December 31, 1999 and 1998, the Company had U. S.
Treasury, GNMA and FNMA purchase commitments which will settle
during the following year with contractual amounts of $175.1
million and $603.4 million, respectively.
|
Notes
to Statutory Financial Statements,
Continued
|
The
Company utilizes certain other agreements to reduce exposures to
various risks. Notional amounts relating to these agreements
totaled $582.6 million and $384.2 million at December 31, 1999 and
1998, respectively.
|
|
The Company
is exposed to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance
by counterparties to derivative financial instruments. This
exposure is limited to contracts with a positive fair value. The
amounts at risk in a net gain position were $59.9 million and
$272.5 million at December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively. The
Company monitors exposure to ensure counterparties are credit
worthy and concentration of exposure is minimized. Additionally,
collateral positions are obtained with counterparties when
considered prudent.
|
7. FAIR
VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
|
Fair values
are based on quoted market prices, when available. In cases where
quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on
estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. These
valuation techniques require management to develop a significant
number of assumptions, including discount rates and estimates of
future cash flow. Derived fair value estimates cannot be
substantiated by comparison to independent markets or to
disclosures by other companies with similar financial instruments.
These fair value disclosures do not purport to be the amount that
could be realized in immediate settlement of the financial
instrument. The following table summarizes the carrying value and
fair values of the Companys financial instruments at
December 31, 1999 and 1998.
|
|
|
1999 |
|
1998 |
|
|
Carrying
Value |
|
Fair
Value |
|
Carrying
Value |
|
Fair
Value |
|
|
(In
Millions) |
Financial
assets: |
Bonds |
|
$24,598.4 |
|
$24,368.3 |
|
|
$25,215.8 |
|
$26,696.9 |
Common
stocks |
|
294.4 |
|
294.4 |
|
|
296.3 |
|
296.3 |
Preferred
stocks |
|
117.9 |
|
115.6 |
|
|
123.2 |
|
116.0 |
Mortgage
loans |
|
6,540.8 |
|
6,410.6 |
|
|
5,916.5 |
|
6,178.8 |
Policy
loans |
|
5,466.9 |
|
5,466.9 |
|
|
5,224.2 |
|
5,224.2 |
Cash &
short-term investments |
|
1,785.8 |
|
1,785.8 |
|
|
1,123.3 |
|
1,123.3 |
|
Financial
liabilities: |
Investment type
insurance contracts |
|
8,016.4 |
|
7,621.9 |
|
|
7,734.6 |
|
7,940.6 |
Off-balance sheet
financial instruments: |
Interest rate swap
agreements |
|
|
|
(137.3 |
) |
|
|
|
84.1 |
Financial
options |
|
76.9 |
|
73.8 |
|
|
92.5 |
|
161.9 |
Interest rate caps
& floors |
|
11.1 |
|
4.8 |
|
|
22.7 |
|
43.9 |
Forward
commitments |
|
|
|
174.1 |
|
|
|
|
604.1 |
Other |
|
|
|
(20.3 |
) |
|
|
|
7.2 |
|
The
following methods and assumptions were used in estimating fair
value disclosures for financial instruments:
|
|
Bonds,
common and preferred stocks: The estimated fair value of bonds and
stocks is based on quoted market prices when available. If quoted
market prices are not available, fair values are determined by the
Company using a pricing matrix.
|
|
Mortgage
loans: The estimated fair value of mortgage loans is determined
from a pricing matrix for performing loans and the estimated
underlying real estate value for non-performing loans.
|
|
Policy
loans, cash and short-term investments: Fair values for these
instruments approximate the carrying amounts reported in the
Statutory Statements of Financial Position.
|
|
Investment-type insurance contracts: The estimated fair
value for liabilities under investment-type insurance contracts
are determined by discounted cash flow projections.
|
Notes
to Statutory Financial Statements,
Continued
|
Off-balance
sheet financial instruments: The fair values for off-balance sheet
financial instruments are based upon market prices or prices
obtained from brokers.
|
8. RELATED
PARTY TRANSACTIONS
|
The Company
has management and service contracts or cost sharing arrangements
with various subsidiaries and affiliates whereby the Company, for
a fee, will furnish a subsidiary or affiliate, as required,
operating facilities, human resources, computer software
development and managerial services. Fees earned under the terms
of the contracts or arrangements were $241.9 million, $205.0
million, and $137.3 million for 1999, 1998 and 1997,
respectively.
|
|
The Company
has reinsurance agreements with its subsidiaries, C.M. Life
Insurance Company and MML Bay State Life Insurance Company,
including stop-loss and modified coinsurance agreements on life
insurance products. Total premiums assumed on these agreements
were $39.2 million in 1999, $41.3 million in 1998 and $41.9
million in 1997. Total policyholder benefits assumed on these
agreements were $43.8 million in 1999, $40.6 million in 1998 and
$42.4 million in 1997.
|
9.
INVESTMENTS IN UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
|
MassMutual
has two primary insurance subsidiaries, C.M. Life Insurance
Company (C.M. Life), which primarily writes variable
annuities and universal and variable life insurance, and MML Bay
State Life Insurance Company (MML Bay State), which
primarily writes variable life and annuity business. MassMutual
s wholly-owned non-insurance subsidiary MassMutual Holding
Company, Inc. (MMHC) owns subsidiaries which include
retail and institutional asset management, registered broker
dealer and international life and annuity operations.
|
|
MassMutual
accounts for the value of its investments in subsidiaries at their
underlying net equity. Operating results, less dividends declared,
for such subsidiaries are reflected as net unrealized capital
gains in the Statements of Changes in Policyholders
Contingency Reserves. Net investment income is recorded by
MassMutual to the extent that dividends are declared by the
subsidiaries. During 1999, MassMutual received $100.0 million in
dividends from MMHC. In the normal course of business, MassMutual
provides specified guarantees and funding to its subsidiaries,
including contributions, if needed, to C.M. Life and MML Bay State
to meet regulatory capital requirements. The Company holds debt
issued by MMHC and its subsidiaries of $1,625.6 million and
$1,080.1 million at December 31, 1999 and 1998,
respectively.
|
|
Below is
summarized financial information for the unconsolidated
subsidiaries as of December 31 and for the year then
ended:
|
|
|
1999 |
|
1998 |
|
|
(In
Millions) |
Domestic life
insurance subsidiaries: |
Total
revenue |
|
$1,587.3 |
|
|
$1,151.8 |
|
Net loss |
|
$
(26.1 |
) |
|
$
(2.9 |
) |
Assets |
|
$5,947.3 |
|
|
$4,752.9 |
|
|
Other
subsidiaries: |
Total
revenue |
|
$1,393.4 |
|
|
$1,137.4 |
|
Net
income |
|
$
115.1 |
|
|
$
73.6 |
|
Assets |
|
$3,541.8 |
|
|
$2,839.5 |
|
10.
REINSURANCE
|
The Company
enters into reinsurance agreements with other insurance companies
in the normal course of business. Premiums, benefits to
policyholders and provisions for future benefits are stated net of
reinsurance. The Company remains liable to the insured for the
payment of benefits if the reinsurer cannot meet its obligations
under the reinsurance agreements. Total premiums ceded were $141.7
million in 1999, $183.9 million in 1998 and $294.6 million in
1997.
|
Notes
to Statutory Financial Statements,
Continued
11.
BUSINESS RISKS AND CONTINGENCIES
|
The Company
is subject to insurance guaranty fund laws in the states in which
it does business. These laws assess insurance companies amounts to
be used to pay benefits to policyholders and claimants of
insolvent insurance companies. Many states allow these assessments
to be credited against future premium taxes. The Company believes
such assessments in excess of amounts accrued will not materially
affect its financial position, results of operations or
liquidity.
|
|
The Company
is involved in litigation arising in and out of the normal course
of business, including class action and purported class action
suits which seek both compensatory and punitive damages. While the
Company is not aware of any actions or allegations which should
reasonably give rise to any material adverse effect, the outcome
of litigation cannot be foreseen with certainty. It is the opinion
of management, after consultation with legal counsel, that the
ultimate resolution of these matters will not materially affect
its financial position, results of operations or
liquidity.
|
12.
SUBSIDIARIES AND AFFILIATED COMPANIES
|
A summary
of ownership and relationship of the Company and its subsidiaries
and affiliated companies as of December 31, 1999, is illustrated
below. The Company provides management or advisory services to
these companies. Subsidiaries are wholly-owned, except as
noted.
|
|
Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
|
|
Subsidiaries of Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance
Company
|
|
CM Benefit
Insurance Company
|
|
C.M. Life
Insurance Company
|
|
MassMutual
Holding Company
|
|
MML Bay
State Life Insurance Company
|
|
MassMutual
Mortgage Finance, LLC
|
|
Subsidiaries of MassMutual Holding
Company
|
|
MassMutual
Holding Trust I
|
|
MassMutual
Holding Trust II
|
|
MassMutual
Holding MSC, Inc.
|
|
MassMutual
International, Inc.
|
|
MML
Investor Services, Inc.
|
|
Subsidiaries of MassMutual Holding Trust
I
|
|
Antares
Capital Corporation 80.0%
|
|
Charter Oak
Capital Management, Inc. 80.0%
|
|
Cornerstone
Real Estate Advisors, Inc.
|
|
DLB
Acquisition Corporation 91.3%
|
|
Oppenheimer
Acquisition Corporation 91.91%
|
|
Subsidiaries of MassMutual Holding Trust
II
|
|
CM Property
Management, Inc.
|
|
MassMutual
Benefits Management, Inc.
|
Notes
to Statutory Financial Statements,
Continued
|
Subsidiaries of MassMutual International, Inc.
|
|
MassMutual
Internacional (Argentina) S.A. 85%
|
|
MassLife
Seguros de Vida S. A. 99.9%
|
|
MassMutual
International (Bermuda) Ltd.
|
|
MassMutual
Internacional (Chile) S. A. 85%
|
|
MassMutual
International (Luxembourg) S. A. 85%
|
|
MassMutual Holding MSC, Inc.
|
|
MassMutual
Corporate Value Limited 40.93%
|
|
Affiliates of Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance
Company
|
|
MML Series
Investment Fund
|
|
MassMutual
Institutional Funds
|
PART
II.
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN A PROSPECTUS
Item 14.
Other Expenses of Issuance and
Distribution
Not applicable.
Item 15.
Indemnification of Directors and
Officers
MassMutual directors and
officers are indemnified under its by-laws. No indemnification is
provided with respect to any liability to any entity which is
registered as an investment company under the Investment Company Act
of 1940 or to the security holders thereof, where the basis for such
liability is willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or
reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of
office.
Insofar as indemnification for
liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be
permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of
MassMutual pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise,
MassMutual has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities
and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public
policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933, and is,
therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for
indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by
MassMutual of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or
controlling person of MassMutual in the successful defense of any
action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or
controlling person in connection with the securities being
registered, MassMutual will, unless in the opinion of its counsel
the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a
court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such
indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the
Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final
adjudication of such issue.
Item 16.
Exhibits
Exhibit
Number
|
|
Description
|
|
Method
of Filing
|
1(a) |
|
Form of
Underwriting Agreement with MML Investors Services,
Inc. |
|
* |
|
|
1(b) |
|
Form of
Underwriting Agreement with MML Distributors, LLC |
|
** |
|
|
4 |
|
Form of
Individual Annuity Contract |
|
**** |
|
|
5 |
|
Opinion re
legality |
|
Filed
herewith |
|
|
23(i) |
|
Consent of
Independent Auditors, Deloitte & Touche LLP |
|
Filed
herewith |
|
|
23(ii) |
|
Consent of
Independent Accountants, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP |
|
Filed
herewith |
|
|
23(iii) |
|
Opinion of
Independent Accountants, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP |
|
Filed
herewith |
|
|
24(a) |
|
Powers of
Attorney |
|
*** |
|
|
24(b) |
|
Powers of
Attorney for:
Robert J. OConnell
Thomas B. Wheeler |
|
***** |
|
|
24(c) |
|
Power of
Attorney for Howard Gunton |
|
****** |
|
|
27 |
|
Financial
Data Schedule |
|
Filed
herewith |
*
|
Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2
to Registration Statement File No.
33-84802, filed and effective May 1, 1996.
|
**
|
Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 3
to Registration Statement File No.
33-84802, filed and effective May 1, 1997.
|
***
|
Incorporated by reference to Registration Statement File
No. 333-22557, filed on February 28, 1997.
|
****
|
Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 4
the Registration Statement File No.
33-84802, filed and effective May 1, 1998.
|
*****
|
Incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1
to Registration Statement No. 333-65887 filed on Form S-6 on
January 28, 1999.
|
******
|
Incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1
to Registration Statement No. 333-80991, filed on September 20,
1999.
|
Item 17.
Undertakings
(a) The undersigned
registrant hereby undertakes:
|
(1) To file, during
any period in which offers or sales are being made, a
post-effective amendment to this registration
statement:
|
|
(i) To include any
prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of
1933;
|
|
(i) To reflect in the
prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of
the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective
amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate,
represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the
registration statement;
|
|
(iii) To include any material
information with respect to the plan of distribution not
previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material
change to such information in the registration statement,
including (but not limited to) any addition or deletion of a
managing underwriter;
|
|
(2) That, for the
purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of
1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a
new registration statement relating to the securities offered
therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be
deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
|
|
(3) To remove from
registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the
securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination
of the offering.
|
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the
requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant certifies
that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the
requirements for filing on Form S-2 and has caused this
Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to Registration Statement No.
33-84802 to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto
duly authorized, all in the city of Springfield and the Commonwealth
of Massachusetts, on the 22nd day of March, 2000.
|
MASSACHUSETTS
MUTUAL
LIFE
INSURANCE
COMPANY
|
|
/s/
ROBERT
J. OCONNELL
*
|
|
Director, Chairman, President and
Chief Executive Officer
|
|
Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance
Company
|
|
On March
22, 2000, as Attorney-in-Fact
|
|
pursuant
to power of attorney.
|
As required by the Securities
Act of 1933, this Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to Registration
Statement No. 33-84802 has been signed by the following persons in
the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature
|
|
Title
|
|
Date
|
|
|
/s/
ROBERT
J. OCONNELL
*
Robert
J. OConnell |
|
Director,
Chairman, President
and Chief Executive Officer |
|
March 22,
2000 |
|
|
/s/
HOWARD
GUNTON
*
Howard
Gunton |
|
Senior Vice
President,
Chief Financial Officer &
Chief Accounting Officer |
|
March 22,
2000 |
|
|
/s/
ROGER
G. ACKERMAN
*
Roger G.
Ackerman |
|
Director |
|
March 22,
2000 |
|
|
/s/
JAMES
R. BIRLE
*
James R.
Birle |
|
Director |
|
March 22,
2000 |
|
|
/s/
GENE
CHAO
*
Gene
Chao |
|
Director |
|
March 22,
2000 |
|
|
/s/
PATRICIA
DIAZ
DENNIS
*
Patricia
Diaz Dennis |
|
Director |
|
March 22,
2000 |
|
|
/s/
ANTHONY
DOWNS
*
Anthony
Downs |
|
Director |
|
March 22,
2000 |
Signature
|
|
Title
|
|
Date
|
|
|
/s/
JAMES
L. DUNLAP
*
James L.
Dunlap |
|
Director |
|
March 22,
2000 |
|
|
/s/
WILLIAM
B. ELLIS
*
William
B. Ellis |
|
Director |
|
March 22,
2000 |
|
|
/s/
ROBERT
M. FUREK
*
Robert
M. Furek |
|
Director |
|
March 22,
2000 |
|
|
/s/
CHARLES
K. GIFFORD
*
Charles
K. Gifford |
|
Director |
|
March 22,
2000 |
|
|
/s/
WILLIAM
N. GRIGGS
*
William
N. Griggs |
|
Director |
|
March 22,
2000 |
|
|
/s/
GEORGE
B. HARVEY
*
George
B. Harvey |
|
Director |
|
March 22,
2000 |
|
|
/s/
BARBARA
B. HAUPTFUHRER
*
Barbara
B. Hauptfuhrer |
|
Director |
|
March 22,
2000 |
|
|
/s/
SHELDON
B. LUBAR
*
Sheldon
B. Lubar |
|
Director |
|
March 22,
2000 |
|
|
/s/
WILLIAM
B. MARX
, JR
.*
William
B. Marx, Jr. |
|
Director |
|
March 22,
2000 |
|
|
/s/
JOHN
F. MAYPOLE
*
John F.
Maypole |
|
Director |
|
March 22,
2000 |
|
|
/s/
THOMAS
B. WHEELER
*
Thomas
B. Wheeler |
|
Director |
|
March 22,
2000 |
|
|
/s/
ALFRED
M. ZEIEN
*
Alfred
M. Zeien |
|
Director |
|
March 22,
2000 |
|
|
/s/
RICHARD
M. HOWE
*Richard
M. Howe |
|
On March
22, 2000, as
Attorney-in-Fact pursuant to
powers of attorney. |
|
|
LIST OF
EXHIBITS
Exhibit
5 |
|
Opinion re
legality |
|
Exhibit
23(i) |
|
Consent of
Independent Auditors, Deloitte & Touche LLP |
|
Exhibit
23(ii) |
|
Consent of
Independent Accountants, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP |
|
Exhibit
23(iii) |
|
Opinion of
Independent Accountants, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP |
|
Exhibit
27 |
|
Financial
Data Schedule |