COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP /DE/
8-A12G/A, 1998-12-23
RADIO & TV BROADCASTING & COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT
Previous: ARTESYN TECHNOLOGIES INC, 8-A12G, 1998-12-23
Next: LEE SARA CORP, 8-K, 1998-12-23



                       SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
                             Washington, D.C. 20549

                                   ----------

                                 AMENDMENT NO. 1
                                       TO
                                    FORM 8-A

                FOR REGISTRATION OF CERTAIN CLASSES OF SECURITIES
                     PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE
                         SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934



                        COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP.
             ----------------------------------------------------- 
             (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



                   DELAWARE                            11-2139466
   ---------------------------------------  --------------------------------
   (State of incorporation or organization) (IRS Employer Identification No.)



    105 BAYLIS ROAD, MELVILLE, NEW YORK                     11747
  ----------------------------------------            -----------------
  (Address of principal executive offices)                (Zip Code)


    Securities to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None


    Securities to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

                    SERIES A PREFERRED STOCK PURCHASE RIGHTS
      --------------------------------------------------------------------
                    (Title of each class to be so registered)

<PAGE>



Item 2.   EXHIBITS.

     4.1  Rights  Agreement  dated  as of  December  15,  1998  between  Comtech
          Telecommunications   Corp.  and  American  Stock  Transfer  and  Trust
          Company,  as Rights Agent, with the form of Certificate of Designation
          of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock attached as Exhibit A
          thereto,  the form of Right Certificate  attached as Exhibit B thereto
          and the  Summary of Rights to  Purchase  Shares  attached as Exhibit C
          thereto. Pursuant to the Rights Agreement,  printed Right Certificates
          will not be mailed until as soon as  practicable  after the earlier of
          the date of public  announcement  that a person or group has  acquired
          beneficial  wnership  of 15% or more of the shares of Common  Stock or
          the tenth  business  day (or such later date as may be  determined  by
          action  of the  Corporation's  Board  of  Directors)  after  a  person
          commences or announces  its intention to commence a tender or exchange
          offer  the  consummation  of  which  would  result  in the  beneficial
          ownership  by a person or group of 15% or more of the shares of Common
          Stock.



                                        2

<PAGE>



                                    SIGNATURE


     Pursuant to the requirement of Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


Dated:   December 23, 1998


                                  COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP.

                                  By:   /s/ J. Preston Windus, Jr.
                                        Name:  J. Preston Windus, Jr.
                                        Title: Senior Vice President





                                        3

<PAGE>


                                  EXHIBIT LIST


4.1  Rights   Agreement   dated  as  of  December  15,  1998   between   Comtech
     Telecommunications  Corp. and American Stock Transfer and Trust Company, as
     Rights  Agent,  with the form of  Certificate  of  Designation  of Series A
     Junior  Participating  Preferred  Stock attached as Exhibit A thereto,  the
     form of Right Certificate  attached as Exhibit B thereto and the Summary of
     Rights to Purchase  Shares  attached as Exhibit C thereto.  Pursuant to the
     Rights  Agreement,  printed Right  Certificates will not be mailed until as
     soon as  practicable  after the earlier of the date of public  announcement
     that a person or group has acquired beneficial  ownership of 15% or more of
     the shares of Common Stock or the tenth business day (or such later date as
     may be determined by action of the Corporation's  Board of Directors) after
     a person  commences  or  announces  its  intention  to commence a tender or
     exchange  offer the  consummation  of which would result in the  beneficial
     ownership  by a  person  or group of 15% or more of the  shares  of  Common
     Stock.



                                        4

                                                                 Exhibit 4.1

                        COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP.

                                       and

                    AMERICAN STOCK TRANSFER AND TRUST COMPANY

                                 as Rights Agent

                                Rights Agreement

                          Dated as of December 15, 1998

















<PAGE>



                                RIGHTS AGREEMENT

         RIGHTS AGREEMENT, dated as of December 15, 1998 (the "Agreement"),
between Comtech Telecommunications Corp., a Delaware corporation (the
"Company"), and American Stock Transfer and Trust Company, a New York
corporation (the "Rights Agent").


         The Board of Directors of the Company has authorized and declared a
dividend distribution of one right (a "RIGHT") for each share of the common
stock, par value $.10, of the Company outstanding as of the close of business on
January 4, 1999 (the "RECORD DATE"), and authorized and directed the issuance of
one Right in respect of each such share of common stock of the Company that
shall become outstanding between the Record Date and the earlier of the
Distribution Date and the Expiration Date (as such terms are hereinafter
defined); provided, however, that Rights may be issued in accordance with the
provisions of Section 22 hereof with respect to shares of such common stock that
become outstanding after the Distribution Date and prior to the Termination
Date.

         Accordingly, in consideration of the premises and the mutual agreements
herein set forth, the parties hereby agree as follows:

         Section 1.     CERTAIN DEFINITIONS For purposes of this Agreement,
the following terms have the meanings indicated:

         (a)     "Acquiring Person" shall mean any Person who or which,
together with all Affiliates and Associates of such Person, shall be the
Beneficial Owner of 15% or more of the then outstanding shares of Common Stock
(other than as a result of a Permitted Offer, as defined below) or was such a
Beneficial Owner at any time after the Close of Business on the date hereof,
whether or not such Person continues to be the Beneficial Owner of 15% or more
of the then outstanding shares of Common Stock. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
(A) the term "Acquiring Person" shall not include (i) the Company, (ii) any
Subsidiary of the Company, (iii) any employee benefit plan of the Company or of
any Subsidiary of the Company (a "BENEFIT PLAN"), or (iv) any Person or entity
organized, appointed or established by the Company for or pursuant to the terms
of any Benefit Plan, and (B) no Person shall become an "Acquiring Person":

         (i)     as a result of the acquisition of shares of Common Stock by
         the Company which, by reducing the number of shares of Common Stock
         outstanding, increases the proportional number of shares beneficially
         owned by such Person together with all Affiliates and Associates of
         such Person; provided, however, that if (A) a Person (including,
         without limitation, any Grandfathered Stockholder) would be or become
         an Acquiring Person (but for the operation of this subparagraph (i)) as
         a result of the acquisition of shares of Common Stock by the Company,
         and (B) after such share acquisition by the Company, such Person, or an
         Affiliate or Associate of such Person,




<PAGE>



         becomes the Beneficial Owner of any additional shares of Common Stock,
         then such Person shall be deemed an Acquiring Person; or

         (ii)    if the Board of Directors determines in good faith that a 
         Person who would otherwise be an "Acquiring Person" has become such
         inadvertently, and such Person (A) does not attempt to exercise any
         control over the business affairs or management of the Company,
         including by means of a proxy solicitation, and (B) divests as promptly
         as practicable a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock so that
         such Person would no longer be an "Acquiring Person", then such Person
         shall not be deemed an "Acquiring Person" for any purposes of this
         Agreement.

         (b)     "Affiliate" and "Associate" shall have the respective
         meanings ascribed to such terms in Rule 12b-2 of the General Rules and
         Regulations promulgated under the Exchange Act, as in effect on the 
         date hereof.

         (c)     A Person shall be deemed the "Beneficial Owner" of, and shall
         be deemed to "beneficially own," any securities:

         (i)     which such Person or any of such Person's Affiliates or 
         Associates beneficially owns, directly or indirectly;

         (ii)    which such Person or any of such Person's Affiliates or
         Associates, directly or indirectly, has (A) the right to acquire
         (whether such right is exercisable immediately or only after the
         passage of time or the fulfillment of a condition or both) pursuant to
         any agreement, arrangement or understanding (whether or not in
         writing), or upon the exercise of conversion rights, exchange rights,
         rights (other than the Rights), warrants or options, or otherwise;
         provided, however, that a Person shall not be deemed the Beneficial
         Owner of, or to beneficially own, securities tendered pursuant to a
         tender offer or exchange offer made by or on behalf of such Person or
         any of such Person's Affiliates or Associates until such tendered
         securities are accepted for purchase or exchange; or (B) the right to
         vote pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding (whether
         or not in writing); provided, however, that a Person shall not be
         deemed the Beneficial Owner of, or to beneficially own, any security if
         the agreement, arrangement or understanding to vote such security (x)
         arises solely from a revocable proxy given in response to a public
         proxy or consent solicitation made pursuant to, and in accordance with,
         the applicable rules and regulations under the Exchange Act and (y) is
         not also then reportable on Schedule 13D under the Exchange Act (or any
         comparable or successor report); or

         (iii)   which are beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, by any
         other Person (or any Affiliate or Associate thereof) with which the
         Person whose beneficial ownership is being determined (or any of such
         Person's Affiliates or Associates) has any agreement, arrangement or
         understanding (whether or not in writing), other than customary


                                       2

<PAGE>



         agreements with and between underwriters and selling group members with
         respect to a bona fide public offering of securities, for the purpose
         of acquiring, holding, voting (except pursuant to a revocable proxy as
         described in the proviso to clause (B) of subparagraph (ii) of this
         paragraph (d)) or disposing of any voting securities of the Company.

Notwithstanding anything in this definition of Beneficial Ownership to the
contrary, the phrase "then outstanding", when used with reference to a Person's
Beneficial Ownership of securities of the Company, shall mean the number of such
securities then issued and outstanding together with the number of such
securities not then actually issued and outstanding which such Person would be
deemed to own beneficially hereunder.

         (d)     "Board of Directors" shall mean the Board of Directors of
the Company.

         (e)     "Business Day" shall mean any day other than a Saturday,
Sunday, Federal holiday or a day on which banking institutions in New York City
are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close.

         (f)     "Close of Business" on any given date shall mean 5:00 P.M.,
New York City time, on such date; provided, however, that if such date is not a
Business Day it shall mean 5:00 P.M., New York City time, on the next succeeding
Business Day.

         (g)     "Common Stock," when used with respect to the Company, shall
mean the common stock, $.10 par value, of the Company or, in the event of a
subdivision, combination, or consolidation with respect to such shares of Common
Stock, the shares of Common Stock resulting from such subdivision, combination
or consolidation. "Common Stock," when used with reference to any Person other
than the Company, shall mean the capital stock (or equity interests) with the
greatest voting power of such other Person, or if such other Person is a
Subsidiary of another Person, the Person or Persons that ultimately control such
first-mentioned Person.

         (h)     The "current market price" shall have the meaning set forth
in Section 11(d) hereof.

         (i)     "Distribution Date" shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 3 hereof.

         (j)     "Exchange Act" shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended.

         (k)     "Expiration Date" shall mean the earlier of the Final
Expiration Date or the date on which the Rights are redeemed as provided in
Section 23 hereof.

         (l)     "Final Expiration Date" shall mean December 15, 2008.



                                       3

<PAGE>



         (m)     "Grandfathered Stockholder" shall mean any Person who or
which, alone or together with any Affiliates or Associates of such Person, at
the Close of Business on the date hereof, shall be the Beneficial Owner of 15%
or more of the shares of Common Stock of the Company then outstanding. Any
Grandfathered Stockholder shall cease to be a Grandfathered Stockholder at the
time such Person, alone or together with any Affiliate or Associate of such
Person, beneficially owns any shares of Common Stock of the Company other than
(i) any shares beneficially owned by such Person at the Close of Business on the
date hereof and (ii) any shares beneficially owned by such Person as a result of
a stock dividend, stock split or reclassification.

         (n)     "Permitted Offer" shall mean a tender or exchange offer
which is for all outstanding shares of Common Stock at a price and on terms
determined, prior to the purchase of shares under such tender or exchange offer,
by resolution adopted the Board of Directors to be adequate (taking into account
all factors that such directors deem relevant) and otherwise in the best
interests of the Company and its stockholders (other than the Person or any
Affiliate or Associate thereof on whose behalf the offer is being made) taking
into account all factors that such directors may deem relevant.

         (o)     "Person" shall mean any individual, firm, corporation,
partnership, limited liability company, trust, association, joint venture, group
(as such term is used in Rule 13d-5 under the Exchange Act) or other entity, and
shall include any successor (by merger or otherwise) of such entity.

         (p)     "Preferred Stock" shall mean shares of Series A Junior
Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock, $.10 par value per share, of the
Company, having the rights, preferences and limitations set forth in the form of
Certificate of Designation attached to this Agreement as Exhibit A.

         (q)     "Principal Party" shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 12(c) hereof.

         (r)     "Right Certificates" shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 3(a) hereof.

         (s)     "Redemption Date" shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 7 hereof.

         (t)     "Section 11(a)(ii) Event" shall mean any event described in 
Section 11(a)(ii) hereof.

         (u)     "Section 12(a) Event" shall mean any event described in
clauses (x), (y) or (z) of Section 12(a) hereof.

         (v)     "Securities Act" means the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended and as in effect on the date of this Agreement.



                                       4

<PAGE>



         (w)     "Stock Acquisition Date" shall mean the first date of public
announcement (which, for purposes of this definition, shall include, without
limitation, a report filed pursuant to the Exchange Act) by the Company or an
Acquiring Person that an Acquiring Person has become such; provided, however,
that if such Person is determined not to have become an Acquiring Person
pursuant to Section 1(a)(ii) hereof, then no Stock Acquisition Date shall be
deemed to have occurred.

         (x)     "Subsidiary" of any Person shall mean any corporation or
other entity of which a majority of the voting power of the voting equity
securities or equity interests is owned, directly or indirectly, by such Person.

         (y)     "Summary of Rights" shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 3(b) hereof.

         (z)     "Transfer" shall mean any sale, assignment, transfer or
other disposition.

         (aa)    "Triggering Event" shall mean any Section 11(a)(ii) Event or 
any Section 12 Event.

         Section 2.     APPOINTMENT OF RIGHTS AGENT The Company hereby
appoints the Rights Agent to act as agent for the Company in accordance with the
terms and conditions hereof, and the Rights Agent hereby accepts such
appointment. The Company may from time to time appoint such co-Rights Agents as
it may deem necessary or desirable.

         Section 3.     ISSUE OF RIGHT CERTIFICATES.

         (a)     Until the earlier of (i) the Stock Acquisition Date, (ii)
the Close of Business on the tenth Business Day, or such later date as may be
determined by resolution of the Board of Directors , after the date of the
commencement by any Person (other than the Company, any Subsidiary of the
Company, or any entity holding Common Stock for or pursuant to the terms of any
Benefit Plan) of a tender or exchange offer the consummation of which would
result in any Person becoming an Acquiring Person (including, in the case of
both (i) and (ii), any such date which is after the date of this Agreement and
prior to the issuance of the Rights), the earlier of (i) and (ii) being herein
referred to as the "DISTRIBUTION DATE"), (x) the Rights will be evidenced
(subject to the provisions of Section 3(b) hereof) by the certificates for
shares of Common Stock registered in the names of the holders thereof (which
certificates shall also be deemed to be Right Certificates (as defined below))
and not by separate Right Certificates, and (y) the right to receive Right
Certificates will be transferable only simultaneously with and together with the
transfer of the underlying shares of Common Stock; provided, however, that if a
tender or exchange offer is terminated prior to the occurrence of a Distribution
Date, then no Distribution Date shall occur as a result of such tender or
exchange offer. Until the Distribution Date, the surrender for transfer of any
certificate for shares of Common Stock outstanding on the Record Date shall also
constitute the transfer of the Rights associated with such shares of Common
Stock. As soon as is practicable after the Distribution Date, the Company will
prepare and


                                       5

<PAGE>



execute, the Rights Agent will countersign, and the Company will send or cause
to be sent (and the Rights Agent will, if requested, send), by first-class,
postage prepaid mail, to each record holder of shares of Common Stock as of the
Close of Business on the Distribution Date, at the address of such holder shown
on the records of the Company, one or more right certificates, in substantially
the form attached hereto as Exhibit B (the "RIGHT CERTIFICATES"), evidencing one
Right for each share of Common Stock so held, subject to adjustment as provided
herein. As of and after the Distribution Date, the Rights will be evidenced
solely by such Right Certificates.

         (b)     As promptly as practicable following the Record Date, the
Company will send a copy of a SUMMARY OF RIGHTS to Purchase Preferred Stock in
the form of EXHIBIT C hereto (the "Summary of Rights"), by first-class,
postage-prepaid mail, to each record holder of shares of Common Stock as of the
Close of Business on the Record Date, at the address of such holder shown on the
records of the Company. With respect to certificates for shares of Common Stock
outstanding as of the Record Date, until the Distribution Date, the Rights
associated with the shares of Common Stock represented by such certificates
shall be evidenced by such certificates together with a copy of the Summary of
Rights attached thereto.

         (c)     Certificates for shares of Common Stock which become
outstanding (including, without limitation, reacquired shares of Common Stock
referred to in the last sentence of this Section 3(c)) after the Record Date but
prior to the earlier of the Distribution Date and the Expiration Date shall be
deemed also to be certificates for Rights, and shall bear the following legend:

                           This certificate also evidences and entitles the
                  holder hereof to certain rights as set forth in a Rights
                  Agreement between Comtech Telecommunications Corp. and
                  American Stock Transfer and Trust Company, dated as of
                  December 15, 1998 (the "Rights Agreement"), the terms of which
                  are hereby incorporated herein by reference and a copy of
                  which is on file at the principal executive offices of Comtech
                  Telecommunications Corp. Under certain circumstances, as set
                  forth in the Rights Agreement, such Rights will be evidenced
                  by separate certificates and will no longer be evidenced by
                  this certificate. Comtech Telecommunications Corp. will mail
                  to the holder of this certificate a copy of the Rights
                  Agreement without charge after receipt of a written request
                  therefor. Under certain circumstances set forth in the Rights
                  Agreement, Rights issued to, or held by, any Person who is,
                  was or becomes an Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or
                  Associate thereof (as defined in the Rights Agreement) and
                  certain related Persons, whether currently held by or on
                  behalf of such Person or by any subsequent holder, may become
                  null and void.



                                       6

<PAGE>



         With respect to such certificates containing the foregoing
legend, until the Distribution Date, the Rights associated with the shares of
Common Stock represented by such certificates shall be evidenced by such
certificates alone and registered owners of shares of Common Stock shall also be
the registered holders of the associated Rights; and the surrender for transfer
of any such certificate shall also constitute the transfer of the Rights
associated with the shares of Common Stock represented thereby. In the event
that the Company purchases or acquires any shares of Common Stock after the
Record Date but prior to the Distribution Date, any Rights associated with such
shares of Common Stock shall be deemed canceled and retired so that the Company
shall not be entitled to exercise any Rights associated with the shares of
Common Stock which are no longer outstanding.

         Section 4.     FORM OF RIGHT CERTIFICATES

         (a)     The Right Certificates (and the forms of election to
purchase shares and of assignment to be printed on the reverse thereof ) shall
be substantially in the form set forth as Exhibit B to this Agreement and may
have such marks of identification or designation and such legends, summaries or
endorsements printed thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and are not
inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement, or as may be required to
comply with any applicable law, rule or regulation or with any rule or
regulation of any stock exchange on which the Rights may from time to time be
listed, or to conform to usage. Subject to the provisions of Section 11 and
Section 22 hereof, the Right Certificates, whenever distributed, shall be dated
as of the Record Date and shall entitle the holders thereof to purchase such
number of one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock as shall be set forth
therein at the price per one one-hundredth of a share of Preferred Stock set
forth therein (the "PURCHASE PRICE"), but the amount and type of securities
purchasable upon the exercise of each Right and the Purchase Price shall be
subject to adjustment as provided herein.

         (b)     Any Right Certificate issued pursuant to Section 3(a) or
Section 22 hereof that represents Rights which are null and void pursuant to
Section 7(e) of this Agreement and any Right Certificate issued pursuant to
Section 6 or Section 11 hereof upon transfer, exchange, replacement or
adjustment of any other Right Certificate referred to in this sentence, shall
contain (to the extent feasible) the following legend:

                           The Rights represented by this Right Certificate are
                  or were beneficially owned by a Person who was or became an
                  Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring
                  Person (as such terms are defined in the Rights Agreement).
                  Accordingly, this Right Certificate and the Rights represented
                  hereby are null and void.

                  The provisions of Section 7(e) of this Rights Agreement shall
be operative whether or not the foregoing legend is contained on any such Right
Certificate.



                                       7

<PAGE>



         Section 5.     COUNTERSIGNATURE AND REGISTRATION The Right
Certificates shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its President or any
Vice President, either manually or by facsimile signature, and have affixed
thereto the Company's seal or a facsimile thereof, and shall be attested by the
Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company, either manually or by
facsimile signature. The Right Certificates shall be manually countersigned by
the Rights Agent and shall not be valid for any purpose unless so countersigned.
In case any officer of the Company whose manual or facsimile signature is
affixed to the Right Certificates shall cease to be such officer of the Company
before countersignature by the Rights Agent and issuance and delivery by the
Company, such Right Certificates may nevertheless be countersigned by the Rights
Agent, issued and delivered with the same force and effect as though the person
who signed such Right Certificates had not ceased to be such officer of the
Company. Any Right Certificate may be signed on behalf of the Company by any
person who, at the actual date of the execution of such Right Certificate, shall
be a proper officer of the Company to sign such Right Certificate, although at
the date of the execution of this Rights Agreement any such person was not such
an officer.

         Following the Distribution Date, the Rights Agent will keep or cause to
be kept, at its office or offices designated as the appropriate place for
surrender of Right Certificates upon exercise or transfer, books for
registration and transfer of the Right Certificates issued hereunder. Such books
shall show the names and addresses of the respective holders of the right
Certificates, the number of Rights evidenced on the face of each of the Right
Certificates, the date of each of the Right Certificates and the Right
Certificate number.

         Section 6.     TRANSFER, SPLIT UP, COMBINATION AND EXCHANGE OF
RIGHT CERTIFICATES; MUTILATED, DESTROYED, LOST OR STOLEN RIGHT CERTIFICATES
Subject to the provisions of Section 4(b), Section 7(e) and Section 14 hereof,
at any time after the Close of Business on the Distribution Date, and at or
prior to the Close of Business on the or the Expiration Date, any Right
Certificate or Right Certificates may be transferred, split up, combined or
exchanged for another Right Certificate or Right Certificates, entitling the
registered holder to purchase a like number of one one-hundredths of a share of
Preferred Stock (or following a Triggering Event, Common Stock, other
securities, cash or other assets, as the case may be) as the Right Certificate
or Right Certificates surrendered then entitled such holder (or former holder in
the case of a transfer) to purchase. Any registered holder desiring to transfer,
split up, combine or exchange any Right Certificate shall make such request in
writing delivered to the Rights Agent, and shall surrender the Right Certificate
or Right Certificates to be transferred, split up, combined or exchanged at the
office of the Rights Agent designated for such purpose. Neither the Rights Agent
nor the Company shall be obligated to take any action whatsoever with respect to
the transfer of any such surrendered Right Certificates until the registered
holder shall have completed and signed the certificate contained in the form of
assignment on the reverse side of such Right Certificate and shall have provided
such additional evidence of the identity of the Beneficial Owner (or former
Beneficial Owner) or Affiliates or Associates thereof as the Company shall
reasonably request. Thereupon the Rights Agent shall countersign and deliver to
the Person entitled thereto a Right Certificate or Right Certificates, as the
case may be, as so requested. The Company may


                                       8

<PAGE>



require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or governmental charge that
may be imposed in connection with any transfer, split up, combination or
exchange of Right Certificates.

         Upon (i) receipt by the Company and the Rights Agent of evidence
reasonably satisfactory to them (a) of the loss, theft, destruction or
mutilation of a Right Certificate, and, (b) in case of loss, theft or
destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to them, (ii) at
the request of the Company, reimbursement to the Company and the Rights Agent of
all reasonable expenses incidental thereto, and (iii) in case of mutilation of a
Right Certificate, surrender to the Rights Agent and cancellation of such Right
Certificate, the Company will issue and deliver a new Right Certificate of like
tenor to the Rights Agent for delivery to the registered owner in lieu of the
Right Certificate so lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated.

         Section 7.     EXERCISE OF RIGHTS; PURCHASE PRICE; 
                        EXPIRATION DATE OF RIGHTS

         (a)     Subject to Section 7(e) hereof, the registered holder of any
Right Certificate may exercise the Rights evidenced thereby (except as otherwise
provided herein) in whole or in part at any time after the Distribution Date
upon surrender of the Right Certificate, with the form of election to purchase
and the certificate on the reverse side thereof duly executed to the Rights
Agent at the office or offices of the Rights Agent designated for each purpose,
together with payment of the aggregate Purchase Price for the total number of
one one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock (or other securities, as the
case may be) as to which the surrendered Rights are exercised, at or prior to
the Close of Business on the Expiration Date.

         (b)     The Purchase Price for each one one-hundredth of a share of
Preferred Stock pursuant to the exercise of a Right shall initially be $60,
shall be subject to adjustment from time to time as provided in Section 11 and
Section 12 hereof and shall be payable in accordance with paragraph (c) of this
Section 7, except to the extent otherwise provided in Section 12(f).

         (c)     Upon receipt of a Right Certificate representing exercisable
Rights, with the form of election to purchase and the certificate duly executed,
accompanied by payment, with respect to each Right so exercised, of the Purchase
Price per one one-hundredth of a share of Preferred Stock (or other securities,
cash or other assets, as the case may be) to be purchased as set forth below and
an amount equal to any applicable tax or charge required to be paid by the
holder of such Right Certificate in accordance with Section 6 of this Agreement,
by certified check, cashier's check or money order payable to the order of the
Company, the Rights Agent shall thereupon promptly (i)(A) requisition from any
transfer agent of the Preferred Stock (or make available, if the Rights Agent is
the transfer agent) certificates for the number of shares of Preferred Stock to
be purchased and the Company hereby irrevocably authorizes its transfer agent to
comply with all such requests, or, (B) if the Company in its sole discretion
shall have elected to deposit the shares of Preferred Stock issuable upon
exercise of the Rights into a depository, requisition from the depositary agent
depositary receipts representing such number of one one-hundredths of a share of
Preferred Stock as are to be purchased (in which case certificates for the
shares of Preferred Stock represented by such receipts shall be deposited by

                                       9


<PAGE>



the transfer agent with the depositary agent) and the Company hereby directs the
depositary agent to comply with such request, (ii) requisition from the Company,
when appropriate, the amount of cash to be paid in lieu of issuance of
fractional shares in accordance with Section 14 hereof, (iii) after receipt of
such requisitioned certificates or depository receipts, promptly cause the same
to be delivered to or upon the order of the registered holder of such Right
Certificate, registered in such name or names as may be designated by such
holder, and (iv) when appropriate, after receipt of such cash, promptly deliver
that cash to or upon the order of the registered holder of such Right
Certificate. In the event that the Company is obligated to issue other
securities (including Common Stock) of the Company, pay cash and/or distribute
other property pursuant to Section 11(a) hereof, the Company will make all
arrangements necessary so that such other securities, cash and/or other property
are available for distribution by the Rights Agent, if and when appropriate.

         (d)     In addition, in the case of an exercise of the Rights by a
holder pursuant to Section 11(a)(ii), the Rights Agent shall return such Right
Certificate to the registered holder thereof after imprinting, stamping or
otherwise indicating thereon that the rights represented by such Right
Certificate no longer include the rights provided by Section 11(a)(ii) of the
Rights Agreement and if less than all the Rights represented by such Right
Certificate were so exercised, the Rights Agent shall indicate on the Right
Certificate the number of Rights represented thereby which continue to include
the rights provided by Section 11(a)(ii).

         (e)     Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary,
from and after the first occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event, any Rights
beneficially owned by (i) an Acquiring Person, or an Associate or Affiliate of
an Acquiring Person, (ii) a transferee of an Acquiring Person (or of any such
Associate or Affiliate) who becomes a transferee after the Acquiring Person
becomes such, or (iii) a transferee of an Acquiring Person (or of any such
Associate or Affiliate) who becomes a transferee prior to or concurrently with
the Acquiring Person becoming such and receives such Rights pursuant to either
(A) a transfer (whether or not for consideration) from the Acquiring Person to
holders of equity interests in such Acquiring Person or to any Person with whom
the Acquiring Person has any continuing agreement, arrangement or understanding
regarding the transferred Rights or (B) a transfer which the Board of Directors
of the Company has determined is part of a plan, arrangement or understanding
which has as a primary purpose or effect the avoidance of this Section 7(e),
shall become null and void without any further action and no holder of such
Rights shall have any rights whatsoever with respect to such Rights, whether
under any provision of this Agreement or otherwise. The Company shall use all
reasonable efforts to insure that the provisions of this Section 7(e) and
Section 4(b) hereof are complied with, but shall have no liability to any holder
of Rights Certificates or other Person as a result of its failure to make any
determinations with respect to an Acquiring Person or any of their respective
Affiliates, Associates or transferees hereunder.

         (f)     In case the registered holder of any Right Certificate shall
exercise fewer than all the Rights evidenced thereby, a new Right Certificate
evidencing Rights equivalent to the Rights remaining unexercised shall be issued
by the Rights Agent to the registered holder of such Right


                                       10

<PAGE>



Certificate or to his duly authorized assigns, subject to the provisions of
Section 14 hereof, or the Rights Agent shall place an appropriate notation on
the Right Certificate with respect to those Rights exercised.

         (g)     Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary,
neither the Rights Agent nor the Company shall be obligated to undertake any
action with respect to a registered holder upon the occurrence of any purported
exercise as set forth in this Section 7 unless such registered holder shall have
(i) properly completed and signed the certificate contained in the form of
election to purchase set forth on the reverse side of the Right Certificate
surrendered for such exercise, and (ii) provided such additional evidence of the
identity of the Beneficial Owner (or former Beneficial Owner) or Affiliates or
Associates thereof as the Company shall reasonably request.

         Section 8.     CANCELLATION AND DESTRUCTION OF RIGHT CERTIFICATES
All Right Certificates surrendered for the purpose of exercise (other than an
exercise pursuant to Section 11(a)(ii)), transfer, split up, combination or
exchange shall, if surrendered to the Company or to any of its agents, be
delivered to the Rights Agent for cancellation or in canceled form, or, if
surrendered to the Rights Agent, shall be canceled by it, and no Right
Certificates shall be issued in lieu thereof except as expressly permitted by
this Agreement. The Company shall deliver to the Rights Agent for cancellation
and retirement, and the Rights Agent shall so cancel and retire, any other Right
Certificate purchased or acquired by the Company otherwise than upon the
exercise thereof. The Rights Agent shall deliver all canceled Right Certificates
to the Company or shall, at the written request of the Company, destroy such
canceled Right Certificates, and in such case shall deliver a certificate of
destruction thereof to the Company.

         Section 9.     RESERVATION AND AVAILABILITY OF CAPITAL STOCK

         (a)     The Company covenants and agrees that it will cause to be
reserved and kept available out of its authorized and unissued shares of
Preferred Stock the number of shares of Preferred Stock that, prior to the
occurrence of a Triggering Event, will be sufficient to permit the exercise in
full of all outstanding Rights. The Company covenants and agrees that at all
times after the occurrence of a Triggering Event it will, to the extent
reasonably practicable, cause to be reserved and kept available out of its
authorized and unissued shares of Common Stock (and/or other securities), or any
authorized and issued shares of Common Stock (and/or other securities) held in
its treasury, the number of shares of Common Stock (and/or other securities, as
the case may be) that will be sufficient to permit the exercise in full of all
outstanding Rights pursuant to this Agreement.

         (b)     So long as the Preferred Stock (and, following the
occurrence of a Triggering Event, Common Stock or other securities) issuable
upon the exercise of Rights may be listed on any national securities exchange,
the Company shall use its best efforts to cause, from and after such time as the
Rights become exercisable, all shares reserved for such issuance to be listed on
such exchange upon official notice of issuance upon such exercise.


                                       11

<PAGE>



         (c)     The Company shall use its best efforts to (i) file, as soon
as is practicable following the Shares Acquisition Date (or, if required by law,
such earlier date following the Distribution Date as is so required), a
registration statement under the Securities Act, with respect to the securities
purchasable upon exercise of the Rights on an appropriate form, (ii) cause such
registration statement to become effective as soon as practicable after such
filing, and (iii) cause such registration statement to remain effective (with a
prospectus at all times meeting the requirements of the Securities Act and the
rules and regulations thereunder) until the date of the expiration of the rights
provided by Section 11(a)(ii). The Company will also take such action as may be
appropriate under, or to ensure compliance with, the securities or "blue sky"
laws of the various states in connection with the exercisability of the Rights.

         (d)     The Company covenants and agrees that it will take all such
action as may be necessary to insure that all one one-hundredths of a share of
Preferred Stock (and, following the occurrence of a Triggering Event, Common
Stock or other securities) delivered upon exercise of Rights shall, at the time
of delivery of the certificates for such securities (subject to payment of the
Purchase Price), be duly and validly authorized and issued and fully paid and
nonassessable securities.

         (e)     The Company further covenants and agrees that it will pay
when due and payable any and all federal and state transfer taxes and charges
which may be payable in respect of the issuance or delivery of the Right
Certificates or of any one one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock (or
shares of Common Stock and/or other securities, as the case may be) upon the
exercise of Rights. The Company shall not, however, be required to pay any tax
or charge which may be payable in respect to any transfer or delivery of Right
Certificates to a person other than, or the issuance or delivery of certificates
or depositary receipts for a number of one one-hundredths of a share of
Preferred Stock (or shares of Common Stock and/or other securities, as the case
may be) in a name other than that of, the registered holder of the Right
Certificate evidencing Rights surrendered for exercise, or to issue or deliver
any certificates for a number of one one-hundredths of a share of Preferred
Stock (or shares of Common Stock and/or other securities, as the case may be)
upon the exercise of any Rights until any such tax has been paid (any such tax
being payable by the holder of such Right Certificate at the time of surrender)
or until it has been established to the Company's satisfaction that no such tax
is due.

         Section 10.     PREFERRED STOCK RECORD DATE. Each person in whose
name any certificate for a number of one one-hundredths of a share of Preferred
Stock (or shares of Common Stock and/or other securities, as the case may be) is
issued upon the exercise of Rights shall for all purposes be deemed to have
become the holder of record of the Preferred Stock (or Common Stock or other
securities, as the case may be) represented thereby on, and such certificate
shall be dated, the date upon which the Right Certificate evidencing such Rights
was duly surrendered and payment of the Purchase Price (and any applicable taxes
or charges) was made; provided, however, that if the date of such surrender and
payment is a date upon which the Preferred Stock (or Common Stock and/or other
securities, as the case may be) transfer books of the Company are closed, such
person shall be deemed to have become the record holder of such shares


                                       12

<PAGE>



(fractional or otherwise) on, and such certificate shall be dated, the next
succeeding Business Day on which the Preferred Stock (or Common Stock and/or
other securities, as the case may be) transfer books of the Company are open.
Prior to the exercise of the Rights evidenced thereby, the holder of a Right
Certificate shall not be entitled to any rights of a stockholder of the Company
with respect to shares for which the Rights shall be exercisable, including,
without limitation, the right to vote, to receive dividends or other
distributions or to exercise any preemptive rights, and shall not be entitled to
receive any notice of any proceedings of the Company, except as provided herein.

         Section 11.     ADJUSTMENT OF PURCHASE PRICE, NUMBER OF SHARES OR
NUMBER OF RIGHTS  The Purchase Price, the number and kind of shares, or 
fractions thereof, covered by each Right and the number of Rights outstanding
are subject to adjustment from time to time as provided in this Section 11.

         (a)     (i)     In the event that the Company shall at any time
after the date of this Agreement (A) declare a dividend on the Preferred Stock
payable in shares of Preferred Stock, (B) subdivide the outstanding Preferred
Stock, (C) combine the outstanding Preferred Stock into a smaller number of
shares, or (D) issue any shares of its capital stock in a reclassification of
the Preferred Stock (including any such reclassification in connection with a
consolidation or merger in which the Company is the continuing or surviving
corporation), except as otherwise provided under this Section 11(a) and Section
7(e) hereof, the Purchase Price in effect at the time of the record date for
such dividend or of the effective date of such subdivision, combination or
reclassification, and the number and kind of shares of Preferred Stock or
capital stock, as the case may be, issuable on such date, shall be
proportionately adjusted so that the holder of any Right exercised after such
time shall be entitled to receive the aggregate number and kind of shares of
Preferred Stock or capital stock, as the case may be, which, if such Right had
been exercised immediately prior such date and at a time when the Preferred
Stock transfer books of the Company were open, such holder would have owned upon
such exercise and been entitled to receive by virtue of such dividend,
subdivision, combination or classification. If an event occurs which would
require an adjustment under both Section 11(a)(i) and Section 11(a)(ii) hereof,
the adjustment provided for in this Section 11(a)(i) shall be in addition to,
and shall be made prior to, any adjustment required pursuant to Section
11(a)(ii) hereof.

                 (ii)   In the event that any Person, alone or together with its
Affiliates and Associates, shall become an Acquiring Person, then proper
provision shall be made so that each holder of a Right, except as provided below
and in Section 7(e) hereof, shall thereafter have the right to receive, upon
exercise thereof at the then-current Purchase Price in accordance with the terms
of this Agreement, in lieu of the number of one one-hundredths of a share of
Preferred Stock for which such Right was otherwise then exercisable, such number
of shares of Common Stock of the Company as shall equal the result obtained by
(x) multiplying the then-current Purchase Price by the then number of one
one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock for which a Right was exercisable
immediately prior to the first occurrence of such Section 11(a)(ii) Event, and
(y) dividing that product by 50% of the current market price per share of the
Common Stock


                                       13

<PAGE>



of the Company (determined pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof) on the date of such
first occurrence (such number of shares being hereinafter referred to as the
"Adjustment Shares") provided, however, that if the transaction that would
otherwise give rise to the foregoing adjustment is also subject to the
provisions of Section 12 hereof, then only the provisions of Section 12 hereof
shall apply and no adjustment shall be made pursuant to this Section 11(a)(ii).
The Company shall notify the Rights Agent as to any Persons who are deemed by
the Company to be Acquiring Persons or any Associates or Affiliates of the
Acquiring Persons and shall identify any Rights pertaining thereto. The Rights
Agent shall have no responsibility to itself identify an Acquiring Person or any
Associate or Affiliate of the Acquiring Person, but shall rely solely on the
Company's identification.

                 (iii)  In the event that the number of shares of Common Stock
which are authorized by the Company's Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as
amended, but not outstanding or reserved for issuance for purposes other than
upon exercise of the Rights are not sufficient to permit the exercise in full of
the Rights in accordance with the foregoing subparagraph (ii) of this Section
11(a)), the Company shall: (A) determine the excess of (1) the value of the
Adjustment Shares issuable upon the exercise of a Right (the "Current Value"),
over (2) the Purchase Price attributable to a Right (such excess, the "Spread")
and (B) with respect to each Right, make adequate provision to substitute for
the Adjustment Shares, upon payment of the applicable Purchase Price, (1) cash,
(2) a reduction in the Purchase Price, (3) other equity securities of the
Company (including, without limitation, shares, or units of shares, of Preferred
Stock which the Board of Directors has determined to have the same value as
shares of Common Stock (such shares of Preferred Stock, "common stock
equivalents")), (4) debt securities of the Company, (5) other assets, or (6) any
combination of the foregoing having an aggregate value equal to the Current
Value, where such aggregate value has been determined by action of the Board of
Directors; provided, however, if the Company shall not have made adequate
provision to deliver value pursuant to clause (B) above within thirty (30) days
following the first occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event, then the Company
shall be obligated to deliver, upon the surrender for exercise of a Right
Certificate and without requiring payment of the Purchase Price, shares of
Common Stock (to the extent available) and, if necessary, cash, securities
and/or assets that in the aggregate are equal to the Spread. If the Board of
Directors shall determine in good faith that it is likely that sufficient
additional shares of Common Stock could be authorized for issuance upon exercise
in full of the Rights, the thirty (30) day period set forth above may be
extended to the extent necessary, but not more than one hundred twenty (120)
days after the first occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event, in order that the
Company may seek stockholder approval for the authorization of such additional
shares (such period as it may be extended, the "Substitution Period"). To the
extent that the Company determines as provided above that some action is to be
taken pursuant to the terms of this Section 11(a)(iii) contained above, the
Company (x) shall provide, subject to Section 7(e) hereof, that such action
shall apply uniformly to all outstanding Rights, and (y) may suspend the
exercisability of the Rights until the expiration of the Substitution Period in
order to seek any authorization of additional shares and/or to decide the
appropriate form of distribution to be made pursuant to the first sentence of
this Section 11(a)(iii) and to determine the value thereof. In the event of any
such suspension, the


                                       14

<PAGE>



Company shall deliver notice to the Rights Agent and issue a public announcement
stating that the exercisability of the Rights has been temporarily suspended, as
well as deliver notice to the Rights Agent and issue a public announcement at
such time as the suspension is no longer in effect. For purposes of this Section
11(a)(iii), the value of the Common Stock shall be the current per share market
price of Common Stock (as determined pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof) on the
date of the first occurrence of the event described in Section 11(a)(ii) hereof,
and the value of any "common stock equivalents" shall be deemed to have the same
value as the Common Stock on such date.

         (b)     In the event the Company shall fix a record date for the
issuance of rights, options or warrants to all holders of Preferred Stock
entitling them for a period expiring within 45 calendar days after such record
date to subscribe for or purchase Preferred Stock (or shares having the same
rights, privileges or preferences as the shares of Preferred Stock ("equivalent
preferred stock") or securities convertible into Preferred Stock or equivalent
preferred stock) at a price per share of Preferred Stock or per share of
equivalent preferred stock (or having a conversion or exercise price per share,
if a security convertible into or exercisable for Preferred Stock or equivalent
preferred stock) less than the "current market price" per share of Preferred
Stock (as defined in Section 11(d) hereof) on such record date, the Purchase
Price to be in effect after such record date shall be determined by multiplying
the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to such record date by a
fraction, the numerator of which shall be the number of shares of Preferred
Stock outstanding on such record date plus the number of shares of Preferred
Stock which the aggregate offering price of the total number of shares of
Preferred Stock and/or equivalent preferred stock so to be offered (and/or the
aggregate initial conversion price of the convertible securities so to be
offered) would purchase at such current market price, and the denominator of
which shall be the number of shares of Preferred Stock outstanding on such
record date, plus the number of additional shares of Preferred Stock and/or
equivalent preferred stock to be offered for subscription or purchase (or into
which the convertible securities so to be offered are initially convertible);
provided, however, that in no event shall the consideration to be paid upon the
exercise of Rights be less than the aggregate par value of the shares of capital
stock of the Company issuable upon exercise of such Rights. In case such
subscription price may be paid in a consideration, part or all of which shall be
in a form other than cash, the value of such consideration shall be as
determined in good faith by the Board of Directors, whose determination shall be
described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent and shall be binding upon
the Rights Agent. Shares of Preferred Stock owned by or held for the account of
the Company shall not be deemed outstanding for the purpose of any such
computation. Such adjustment shall be made successively whenever such a record
date is fixed; and if such rights or warrants are not so issued, the Purchase
Price shall be adjusted to be the Purchase Price which would then be in effect
if such record date had not been fixed.

         (c)     In the event the Company shall fix a record date for the
making of a distribution to all holders of Preferred Stock (including any such
distribution made in connection with a consolidation or merger in which the
Company is the continuing or surviving corporation) of evidences of
indebtedness, cash or other assets (other than a regular quarterly cash dividend
or a


                                       15

<PAGE>



dividend payable in Preferred Stock, but including any dividend payable on stock
other than Preferred Stock) or convertible securities, subscription rights or
warrants (excluding those referred to in Section 11(b) hereof), the Purchase
Price to be in effect after such record date shall be determined by multiplying
the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to such record date by a
fraction, the numerator of which shall be the current market price per share of
the Preferred Stock (as defined in Section 11(d) hereof) on such record date
less the fair market value (as determined in good faith by the Board of
Directors, whose determination shall be described in a statement filed with the
Rights Agent and shall be binding upon the Rights Agent, of the portion of such
evidences of indebtedness, cash or other assets or convertible securities,
subscription rights or warrants applicable to one share of Preferred Stock and
the denominator of which shall be such current market price) per share of
Preferred Stock provided, however, that in no event shall the consideration to
be paid upon the exercise of Rights be less than the aggregate par value of the
shares of capital stock of the Company issuable upon exercise of such Rights.
Such adjustment shall be made successively whenever such a record date is fixed;
and in the event that such distribution is not so made, the Purchase Price shall
again be adjusted to be the Purchase Price which would then be in effect if such
record date had not been fixed.

         (d)     (i)    For the purpose of any computation hereunder, the
"current market price" per share of Common Stock on any date shall be deemed to
be the average of the daily closing prices per share of such Common Stock for
the 30 consecutive Trading Days (as such term is hereinafter defined)
immediately prior to such date; provided, however, that if the current market
price per share of Common Stock is determined during a period following the
announcement by the issuer of such Common Stock of (x) a dividend or
distribution on such Common Stock payable in shares of such Common Stock or
securities convertible into shares of such Common Stock or (y) any subdivision,
combination or reclassification of such Common Stock and prior to the expiration
of thirty (30) Trading Days after the ex-dividend date for such dividend or
distribution, or the record date for such subdivision, combination or
reclassification, then, and in each such case, the current market price per
share of Common Stock shall be appropriately adjusted to reflect the current
market price per share equivalent of Common Stock. The closing price for each
day shall be the last sale price, regular way, or, in case no such sale takes
place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices, regular way,
in either case as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting
system with respect to securities listed or admitted to trading on the New York
Stock Exchange or, if the shares of Common Stock are not listed or admitted to
trading on the New York Stock Exchange, as reported in the principal
consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed on
the principal national securities exchange on which the Common Stock is listed
or admitted to trading or, if the shares of Common Stock are not listed or
admitted to trading on any national securities exchange, the last quoted price
or, if not quoted, the average of the high bid and low asked prices in the
over-the-counter market, as reported by the NASDAQ Stock Market ("NASDAQ") or
such other system then in use, or, if on any such date the shares of Common
Stock are not quoted by any such organization, the average of the closing bid
and asked prices as furnished by a professional market maker making a market in
the Common Stock selected by the Board of Directors. If on any such date no
market maker is making a market in the Common Stock, the


                                       16

<PAGE>



fair value of such shares on such date, as determined in good faith by the Board
of Directors, shall be used. The term "Trading Day" shall mean a day on which
the principal national securities exchange on which the shares of Common Stock
are listed or admitted to trading is open for the transaction of business or, if
the shares of Common Stock are not listed or admitted to trading on any national
securities exchange, a Business Day. If the Common Stock is not publicly held or
not so listed or traded, "current market price" per share shall mean the fair
value per share as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors, whose
determination shall be described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent and
shall be conclusive for all purposes. If on any such date the Common Stock is
not publicly held or not so listed or traded, "current market price" per share
shall mean the fair value per share as determined in good faith by the Board of
Directors, whose determination shall be described in a statement filed with the
Rights Agent and shall be conclusive for all purposes.

                 (ii)   For the purpose of any computation hereunder, the
"current market price" per share of Preferred Stock shall be determined in the
same manner as set forth for the Common Stock in Section 11(d)(i) hereof (other
than the last sentence thereof). If the current market price per share of
Preferred Stock cannot be determined in the manner provided above or if the
Preferred Stock is not publicly held or listed or traded in a manner described
in Section 11(d)(i) hereof, the "current market price" per share of Preferred
Stock shall be conclusively deemed to be an amount equal to 100 (as such number
may be appropriately adjusted for such events as stock splits, stock dividends
and recapitalizations with respect to the Common Stock occurring after the date
of this Agreement) multiplied by the current market price per share of the
Common Stock. If neither the Common Stock nor the Preferred Stock is publicly
held or so listed or traded, "current market price" per share of the Preferred
Stock shall mean the fair value per share as determined in good faith by the
Board of Directors, whose determination shall be described in a statement filed
with the Rights Agent and shall be conclusive for all purposes.

         (e)     Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding (except the
last sentence of this Section 11(e)), no adjustment in the Purchase Price shall
be required unless such adjustment would require an increase or decrease of at
least 1% in such price; provided, however, that any adjustments which by reason
of this Section 11(e) are not required to be made shall be carried forward and
taken into account in any subsequent adjustment. All calculations under this
Section 11 shall be made to the nearest cent or to the nearest ten-thousandth of
a share of Common Stock or other security or one-millionth of a share of
Preferred Stock, as the case may be. Notwithstanding the first sentence of this
Section 11(e), any adjustment required by this Section 11 shall be made no later
than the earlier of (i) three years from the date of the transaction which
mandates such adjustment or (ii) the Expiration Date.

         (f)     If, as a result of an adjustment made pursuant to Section
11(a)(ii) or Section 12(a) hereof, the holder of any Right thereafter exercised
shall become entitled to receive any shares of capital stock other than
Preferred Stock, thereafter the Purchase Price and the number of such other
shares so receivable upon exercise of any Right and the number of Rights
outstanding shall be subject to adjustment from time to time in a manner and on
terms as nearly equivalent as


                                       17

<PAGE>



practicable to the provisions with respect to the Preferred Stock contained in
Section 11(a), (b) and (c) and the provisions of Sections 7, 9, 10, 12 and 14
hereof with respect to the Preferred Stock shall apply on like terms to any such
other shares.

         (g)     All Rights originally issued by the Company subsequent to
any adjustment made to the Purchase Price hereunder shall evidence the right to
purchase, at the adjusted Purchase Price, the number of one one-hundredths of a
share of Preferred Stock purchasable from time to time hereunder upon exercise
of the Rights, all subject to further adjustment as provided herein.

         (h)     Unless the Company shall have exercised its election as
provided in Section 11(i), upon each adjustment of the Purchase Price as a
result of the calculations made in Sections 11(b) and (c), each Right
outstanding immediately prior to the making of such adjustment shall thereafter
evidence the right to purchase, at the adjusted Purchase Price, that number of
one one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock (calculated to the nearest
one-millionth) obtained by (i) multiplying (x) the number of one one-hundredths
of a share covered by a Right immediately prior to such adjustment to the
Purchase Price by (y) the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to such
adjustment of the Purchase Price and (ii) dividing the product so obtained by
the Purchase Price in effect immediately after such adjustment of the Purchase
Price.

         (i)     The Company may elect, on or after the date of any
adjustment of the Purchase Price, to adjust the number of Rights, in
substitution for any adjustment in the number of shares of Preferred Stock
purchasable upon the exercise of a Right. Each of the Rights outstanding after
such adjustment of the number of Rights shall be exercisable for the number of
one one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock for which such Right was
exercisable immediately prior to such adjustment. Each Right held of record
prior to such adjustment of the number of Rights shall become that number of
Rights (calculated to the nearest one ten-thousandth) obtained by dividing the
Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to adjustment of the Purchase Price
by the Purchase Price in effect immediately after adjustment of the Purchase
Price. The Company shall make a public announcement of its election to adjust
the number of Rights, indicating the record date for the adjustment and, if
known at the time, the amount of the adjustment to be made. This record date may
be the date on which the Purchase Price is adjusted or any day thereafter but,
if the Right Certificates have been issued, shall be at least ten days later
than the date of the public announcement. If Right Certificates have been
issued, upon each adjustment of the number of Rights pursuant to this Section
11(i) the Company shall, as promptly as practicable, cause to be distributed to
holders of record of Right Certificates on such record date Right Certificates
evidencing, subject to Section 14 hereof, the additional Rights to which such
holders shall be entitled as a result of such adjustment, or, at the option of
the Company, shall cause to be distributed to such holders of record in
substitution and replacement for the Right Certificates held by such holders
prior to the date of adjustment, and upon surrender thereof, if required by the
Company, new Right Certificates evidencing all the Rights to which such holders
shall be entitled after such adjustment. Right Certificates so to be distributed
shall be issued, executed and countersigned in the manner provided for herein
(and may bear, at the option of the


                                       18

<PAGE>



Company, the adjusted Purchase Price) and shall be registered in the names of
the holders of record of Right Certificates on the record date specified in the
public announcement.

         (j)     Irrespective of any adjustment or change in the Purchase
Price or the number of shares of Preferred Stock, or fraction thereof, issuable
upon the exercise of the Rights, the Right Certificates theretofore and
thereafter issued may continue to express the Purchase Price and the number of
one one-hundredths of a share which were expressed in the initial Right
Certificates issued hereunder.

         (k)     Before taking any action that would cause an adjustment
reducing the Purchase Price below the then par value, if any, of the one
one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock, Common Stock or other securities
issuable upon exercise of the Rights, the Company shall take any corporate
action which may, in the opinion of its counsel, be necessary in order that the
Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable such number
of one one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock, Common Stock or other
securities at such adjusted Purchase Price.

         (l)     In any case in which this Section 11 shall require that an
adjustment in the Purchase Price be made effective as of a record date for a
specified event, the Company may elect to defer until the occurrence of such
event the issuing to the holder of any Right exercised after such record date
the shares of Preferred Stock, or fraction thereof, and any other capital stock
or securities of the Company, if any, issuable upon such exercise, over and
above the shares of Preferred Stock, or fraction thereof, and other capital
stock or securities of the Company, if any, issuable upon such exercise on the
basis of the Purchase Price in effect prior to such adjustment; provided,
however, that the Company shall deliver to such holder a due bill or other
appropriate instrument evidencing such holder's right to receive such additional
shares (fractional or otherwise) or securities upon the occurrence of the event
requiring such adjustment.

         (m)     Anything in this Section 11 to the contrary notwithstanding,
the Board of Directors shall be entitled to make such reductions in the Purchase
Price, in addition to those adjustments expressly required by this Section 11,
as and to the extent that it in its sole discretion shall determine to be
advisable in order that any (i) consolidation or subdivision of the Preferred
Stock, (ii) issuance wholly for cash of any Preferred Stock at less than the
current market price, (iii) issuance wholly for cash of Preferred Stock or
securities which by their terms are convertible into or exchangeable for
Preferred Stock, (iv) stock dividends or (v) issuance of rights, options or
warrants referred to in this Section 11, hereafter made by the Company to the
holders of its Preferred Stock shall not be taxable to such stockholders.

         (n)     The Company covenants and agrees that it shall not at any
time after the Distribution Date (i) consolidate with any other Person (other
than a Subsidiary of the Company in a transaction which complies with Section
11(o) hereof), (ii) merge with or into any other Person (other than a Subsidiary
of the Company in a transaction which complies with Section 11(o) hereof), or
(iii) sell or transfer (or permit any Subsidiary to sell or transfer), in one



                                       19
<PAGE>



or more transactions, assets or earning power aggregating more than 50% of the
assets or earning power of the Company and its Subsidiaries (taken as a whole),
to any other Person or Persons (other than the Company and/or any of its
Subsidiaries) in one or more transactions each of which complies with Section
11(o) hereof), if at the time of or immediately after such consolidation, merger
or sale there are any charter or by-law provisions, securities outstanding
(including but not limited to rights, warrants or other instruments), agreements
in effect or other actions taken which would substantially diminish or otherwise
eliminate the benefits intended to be afforded by the Rights or prior to,
simultaneously with or immediately after such consolidation, merger or sale, the
stockholders of the Person who constitutes, or would constitute, the "Principal
Party" for purposes of Section 12(a) hereof shall have received a distribution
of Rights previously owned by such Person or any of its Affiliates and
Associates. The Company shall not consummate any such consolidation, merger,
sale or transfer unless prior thereto the Corporation and such other Person
shall have executed and delivered to the Rights Agent a supplemental agreement
evidencing compliance with this Section 11(n).

         (o)     The Company covenants and agrees that, after the
Distribution Date, it will not, except as permitted by Section 23 or Section 27
hereof, take (or permit any Subsidiary to take) any action if at the time such
action is taken it is reasonably foreseeable that such action will diminish
substantially or otherwise eliminate the benefits intended to be afforded by the
Rights.

         (p)     In the event that any time after the date of this Agreement
and prior to the Distribution Date, the Company shall (i) declare or pay any
dividend on the Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock or (ii) effect a
subdivision, combination or consolidation of the Common Stock (by
reclassification or otherwise than by payment of dividends in shares of Common
Stock) into a greater or lesser number of shares of Common Stock, then in any
such case (x) the number of one one-hundredths of a Preferred Share purchasable
after such event upon exercise of each Right shall be determined by multiplying
the number of one one-hundredths of a Preferred Share so purchasable immediately
before such event by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares
of Common Stock outstanding immediately before such event and the denominator of
which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such
event, and (y) each share of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such
event shall have issued with respect to it that number of Rights which each
Common Share outstanding immediately prior to such event had issued with respect
to it. The adjustments provided for in this Section 11(p) shall be made
successively whenever such a dividend is declared or paid or such a subdivision,
combination or consolidation is effected.

         (q)     The exercise of Rights under Section 11(a)(ii) shall only
result in the loss of rights under Section 11(a)(ii) to the extent so exercised
and shall not otherwise affect the rights represented by the Rights under this
Rights Agreement, including the rights represented by Section 12.



                                       20

<PAGE>



         Section 12.    CONSOLIDATION, MERGER OR SALE OR TRANSFER OF ASSETS OR 
                        EARNING POWER

         (a)     In the event that, on or following the Stock Acquisition
Date, directly or indirectly, (x) the Company shall consolidate with, or merge
with and into, any other Person, and the Company shall not be the continuing or
surviving corporation of such consolidation or merger, (y) any Person shall
consolidate with the Company or merge with and into the Company, and the Company
shall be the continuing or surviving corporation of such consolidation or
merger, other than, in the case of any transaction described in (x) or (y), a
merger or consolidation which results in all of the securities generally
entitled to vote in the election of directors ("voting securities") of the
Company outstanding immediately prior thereto continuing to represent (either by
remaining outstanding or by being converted into securities of the continuing or
surviving entity) all of the voting securities of the Company or such continuing
or surviving entity outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation
and the holders of such securities not having changed as a result of such merger
or consolidation), or (z) the Company shall sell or otherwise transfer (or one
or more of its Subsidiaries shall sell or otherwise transfer), in one
transaction or series of related transactions, assets or earning power
aggregating 50% or more of the assets or earning power of the Company and its
Subsidiaries (taken as a whole) to any other Person or Persons (other than the
Company or any Subsidiary of the Company in one or more transactions each of
which complies with Section 11(o) hereof), then, and in each such case, proper
provision shall be made so that (i) each holder of a Right, except as provided
in Section 7(e) hereof, shall thereafter have the right to receive, upon the
exercise thereof at the then-current Purchase Price in accordance with the terms
of this Agreement, such number of shares of validly authorized and issued, fully
paid and non-assessable Common Stock of the Principal Party (as defined below),
not subject to any liens, encumbrances, rights of call or first refusal or other
adverse claims, as shall be equal to the result obtained by (A) multiplying the
then-current Purchase Price by the then number of one one-hundredths of a share
of Preferred Stock for which a Right was exercisable immediately prior to the
first occurrence of such Section 12(a) Event (or, if a Section 11(a)(ii) Event
had occurred prior to such Section 12(a) Event, multiplying the number of such
one one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock for which a Right was
exercisable immediately prior to the first occurrence of such Section 11(a)(ii)
Event by the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to such first
occurrence), and dividing that product by (2) 50% of the current market price
per share of the Common Stock of such Principal Party (determined in the manner
described in Section 11(d) on the date of consummation of such Section 12(a)
Event); (ii) the Principal Party shall thereafter be liable for, and shall
assume, by virtue of such consolidation, merger, sale or transfer, all the
obligations and duties of the Company pursuant to this Agreement; (iii) the term
"Company" shall thereafter be deemed to refer to such Principal Party, it being
specifically intended that the provisions of Section 11 hereof shall apply to
such Principal Party following the first occurrence of a Section 12(a) Event;
and (iv) such Principal Party shall take such steps (including, but not limited
to, the reservation of a sufficient number of shares of its Common Stock in
accordance with Section 9 hereof) in connection with such consummation as may be
necessary to assure that the provisions hereof shall thereafter be applicable,
as nearly as reasonably may be, in relation to the shares of its Common Stock
thereafter deliverable upon the exercise of the Right.


                                       21

<PAGE>



         (b)     "Principal Party" shall mean

                        in the case of any transaction described in (x) or
         (y) of the first sentence of Section 12(a), the Person that is the
         issuer of any securities into which shares of Common Stock of the
         Company are converted in such merger or consolidation, and if no
         securities are so issued, the Person that is the other party to such
         merger or consolidation (including, if applicable, the Corporation if
         it is the surviving corporation); and

                        in the case of any transaction described in (z) of
         the first sentence of this Section 12, the Person that is the party
         receiving the greatest portion of the assets or earning power
         transferred pursuant to such transaction or transactions;

provided, however, that in any such case, (x) if the Common Stock of such Person
is not at such time and has not been continuously over the preceding 12-month
period registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act, and such Person is a
direct or indirect Subsidiary of another Person, the Common Stock of which is
and has been so registered, "Principal Party" shall refer to such other Person;
(y) in case such Person is a Subsidiary, directly or indirectly, of more than
one Person, the Common Stock of all of which are and have been so registered,
"Principal Party" shall refer to whichever of such Persons is the issuer of the
Common Stock having the greatest market value of shares held by the public; and
(z) in case such Person is owned, directly or indirectly, by a joint venture
formed by two or more Persons that are not owned, directly or indirectly, by the
same Person, the rules set forth in (x) and (y) above shall apply to each of the
chains of ownership having an interest in such joint venture as if such party
were a "Subsidiary" of both or all of such joint venturers and the Principal
Parties in each such chain shall bear the obligation set forth in this Section
12 in the same ratio as their direct or indirect interests in such Person bear
the total of such interests.

         (c)     The Company shall not consummate any such consolidation,
merger, sale or transfer unless the Principal Party shall have a sufficient
number of its authorized shares of Common Stock which have not been issued or
reserved for issuance to permit the exercise in full of the Rights in accordance
with this Section 12 and unless prior thereto the Company and such Principal
Party shall have executed and delivered to the Rights Agent a supplemental
agreement providing for the terms set forth in Sections 12(a) and (b) hereof and
confirming that all rights of first refusal or preemptive rights in respect of
the issuance of shares of Common Stock of such Principal Party upon exercise of
outstanding Rights have been waived and that such transactions shall not result
in a default by such Principal Party under the Rights Agreement, and further
providing that, as soon as practicable after the date of any consolidation,
merger or sale or transfer of assets or earning power referred to in Section
12(a) hereof, such Principal Party will:

                 (i)    prepare and file a registration statement under the
         Act with respect to the Rights and the securities purchasable upon
         exercise of the Rights on an appropriate form; use its best efforts to
         cause such registration statement to become effective as soon as
         practicable after such filing; and use its best efforts to cause such
         registration statement to


                                       22

<PAGE>



         remain effective (with a prospectus at all times meeting the
         requirements of the Act) until the date of expiration of the Rights,
         and similarly comply with applicable state securities laws;

                 (ii)   use its best efforts to list (or continue the listing 
         of) the Rights and the securities purchasable upon exercise of the 
         Rights on a national securities exchange or to meet the eligibility
         requirements for quotation on the Nasdaq National Market;

                 (iii)  use its best efforts to qualify or register the rights
         and the securities purchasable upon exercise of the Rights under the
         blue sky laws of such jurisdictions as may be necessary or appropriate;
         and

                 (iv)   deliver to holders of the Rights historical financial
         statements for the Principal Party and each of its Affiliates which
         comply in all respects with the requirements for registration on Form
         10 (or any successor form) under the Exchange Act.

The provisions of this Section 12 shall similarly apply to successive mergers or
consolidations or sales or other transfers. The rights under this Section 12
shall be in addition to the rights to exercise Rights and adjustments under
Section 11(a)(ii) and shall survive any exercise thereof.

         (d)     Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary,
this Section 12 shall not be applicable to a transaction described in
subparagraph (x) or (y) of Section 12(a) if: (i) such transaction is consummated
with a Person or Persons which acquired shares of Common Stock pursuant to a
Permitted Offer (or a wholly owned Subsidiary of any such Person or Persons);
(ii) the price per share of Common Stock offered in such transaction is not less
than the price per share of Common Stock paid to all holders of shares of Common
Stock whose shares were purchased pursuant to such Permitted Offer; and (iii)
the form of consideration offered in such transaction is the same as the form of
consideration paid pursuant to such Permitted Offer. Upon consummation of any
such transaction contemplated by this Section 12(d), all Rights hereunder shall
expire.

         Section 13.    CERTIFICATE OF ADJUSTED PURCHASE PRICE OR NUMBER OF 
SHARES  Whenever an adjustment is made as provided in Section 11 or Section 12
of this Agreement, the Company shall (a) promptly prepare a certificate setting
forth such adjustment, and a brief statement of the facts accounting for such
adjustment, (b) promptly file with the Rights Agent, and with each transfer
agent for the Common Stock and Preferred Stock, a copy of such certificate and
(c) mail a brief summary thereof to each holder of a Right Certificate (or if
prior to the Distribution Date, to each holder of a certificate representing
shares of Common Stock in accordance with Section 25 of this Agreement).
Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, the failure of the Company to make such
certificates or give such notice shall not affect the validity or the force or
effect of the requirement for such adjustment, and, prior to the earlier to
occur of the Distribution Date and the Stock Acquisition Date, the Company may,
in its discretion, satisfy the obligation


                                       23

<PAGE>



set forth in clause (c) above by including such summary in its next regular
report to shareholders. The Rights Agent shall be fully protected in relying on
any such certificate and on any adjustment therein contained. Any adjustment to
be made pursuant to Sections 11 and 12 of this Agreement shall be effective as
of the date of the event giving rise to such adjustment.

         Section 14.    FRACTIONAL RIGHTS AND FRACTIONAL SHARES

         (a)     Except as provided in Section 11(i), the Company shall not
be required to issue fractions of Rights or to distribute Right Certificates
which evidence fractional Rights. In lieu of such fractional Rights, at the
election of the Company, there shall be paid to the registered holders of the
Right Certificates with regard to which such fractions of Rights would otherwise
be issuable, an amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the current market
value of a whole Right. For the purposes of this Section 14(a), the current
market value of a whole Right shall be the closing price of the Rights for the
Trading Day immediately prior to the date on which such fractional Rights would
have been otherwise issuable. The closing price for any day shall be the last
sale price, regular way, or, in case no such sale takes place on such day, the
average of the closing bid and asked prices, regular way, in either case as
reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect
to securities listed or admitted to trading on the New York Stock Exchange or,
if the Rights are not listed or admitted to trading on the New York Stock
Exchange, as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system
with respect to securities listed on the principal national securities exchange
on which the Rights are listed or admitted to trading or, if the Rights are not
listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange, the last
quoted price, or, if not so quoted, the average of the high bid and low asked
prices in the over-the-counter market, as reported by NASDAQ or such other
system then in use or, if on any such date the Rights are not quoted by any such
organization, the average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by a
professional market maker (selected by the Board of Directors) making a market
in the Rights. If on any such date no such market maker is making a market in
the Rights, the fair value of the Rights on such date, as determined in good
faith by the Board of Directors, shall be used.

         (b)     The Company shall not be required to issue fractions of
shares of Preferred Stock (other than fractions which are integral multiples of
one one-hundredth of a share of Preferred Stock) upon exercise of the Rights, or
to distribute certificates which evidence fractional shares of Preferred Stock
(other than fractions which are integral multiples of one one-hundredth of a
share of Preferred Stock). Fractions of shares of Preferred Stock in integral
multiples of one one-hundredth of a share of Preferred Stock may, at the
election of the Company, be evidenced by depositary receipts, pursuant to an
appropriate agreement between the Company and a depositary selected by it,
provided that such agreement shall provide that the holders of such depositary
receipts shall have all the rights, privileges and preferences to which they are
entitled as beneficial owners of the shares of Preferred Stock. With respect to
fractional shares of Preferred Stock that are not integral multiples of one
one-hundredth of a share of Preferred Stock, if the Company does not issue
fractional shares of depositary receipts in lieu thereof, the Company shall pay
to the registered holders of Right Certificates at the time such Right
Certificates are


                                       24

<PAGE>



exercised as herein provided an amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the
current market value of one one-hundredth of a share of Preferred Stock. For
purposes of this Section 14(b), the current market value of one one-hundredth of
a share of Preferred Stock shall be one one-hundredth of the closing price of a
share of Preferred Stock (as determined pursuant to Section 11(d)(ii)) for the
Trading Day immediately prior to the date of such exercise.

         (c)     The Company shall not be required to issue fractions of
shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Rights pursuant to Sections
11(a)(ii) or 12(a) hereof or to distribute certificates which evidence
fractional shares of Common Stock. In lieu of fractional shares of Common Stock,
the Company may pay to the registered holders of Right Certificates at the time
such Rights are exercised as herein provided an amount in cash equal to the same
fraction of the current market value of one share of Common Stock. For the
purposes of this Section 14(c), the current market value of one share of Common
Stock shall be the closing price of a share of Common Stock (as determined
pursuant to Section 11(d)(i) hereof) for the Trading Day immediately prior to
the date of such exercise.

         (d)     The holder of a Right, by the acceptance of such Right,
expressly waives his right to receive any fractional Rights or any fractional
shares upon exercise of a Right except as permitted by this Section 14.

         Section 15.    RIGHTS OF ACTION All rights of action in respect of this
Agreement, excepting the rights of action given to the Rights Agent under
Section 18 hereof, are vested in the respective registered holders of the Right
Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution Date, the registered holders of
Common Stock); and any registered holder of any Right Certificate (or, prior to
the Distribution Date, any registered holder of the Common Stock), without the
consent of the Rights Agent or of the holder of any other Right Certificate (or,
prior to the Distribution Date, of the Common Stock), may, in his own behalf and
for his own benefit, enforce, and may institute and maintain any suit, action or
proceeding against the Company to enforce, or otherwise act in respect of, his
right to exercise the Rights evidenced by such Right Certificate in the manner
provided in such Right Certificate and in this Agreement. Without limiting the
foregoing or any remedies available to the holders of Rights, it is specifically
acknowledged that the holders of Rights would not have an adequate remedy at law
for any breach of this Agreement and shall be entitled to specific performance
of the obligations hereunder, and injunctive relief against actual or threatened
violations of the obligations of any Person subject to this Agreement.

         Section 16.    AGREEMENT OF RIGHT HOLDERS Every holder of a Right,
by accepting such Right, consents and agrees with the Company and the Rights
Agent and with every other holder of a Right that:

         (a)     prior to the Distribution Date, the Rights shall be
evidenced by the certificates for shares of Common Stock registered in the name
of the holders of such shares (which certificates

                                       25

<PAGE>



for shares of Common Stock shall also constitute certificates for Rights) and
each Right will be transferable only in connection with the transfer of Common
Stock;

         (b)     after the Distribution Date, the Right Certificates are
transferable only on the registry books of the Rights Agent if surrendered at
the office or offices of the Rights Agent designated for such purpose, duly
endorsed or accompanied by a proper instrument of transfer and with the
appropriate form and certificates fully executed;

         (c)     subject to Section 6 and Section 7(f) hereof, the Company
and the Rights Agent may deem and treat the person in whose name the Right
Certificate (or, prior to the Distribution Date, the associated certificate for
Common Stock) is registered as the absolute owner thereof and of the Rights
evidenced thereby (notwithstanding any notations of ownership or writing on the
Right Certificate or the associated certificate for Common Stock made by anyone
other than the Company or the Rights Agent) for all purposes whatsoever, and
neither the Company nor the Rights Agent, subject to the last sentence of
Section 7(e) hereof, shall be affected by any notice to the contrary; and

         (d)     notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary,
neither the Company nor the Rights Agent shall have any liability to any holder
of a Right or other Person as a result of its inability to perform any of its
obligations under this Agreement by reason of any preliminary or permanent
injunction or other order, decree or ruling issued by a court of competent
jurisdiction or by a governmental, regulatory or administrative agency or
commission, or any statute, rule, regulation or executive order promulgated or
enacted by any governmental authority, that prohibits or otherwise restrains the
performance of such obligation; provided, however, the Company must use its best
efforts to have any such order, decree or ruling lifted or otherwise overturned
as soon as possible.

         Section 17.     RIGHT HOLDER AND RIGHT CERTIFICATE HOLDER NOT
DEEMED A STOCKHOLDER.  No holder, as such, of any Right or Right Certificate
shall be entitled to vote, receive dividends or be deemed for any purpose the
holder of Preferred Stock or any other securities of the Company which may at
any time be issuable on the exercise of the Rights represented thereby, nor
shall anything contained herein or in any Right Certificate be construed to
confer upon the holder of any Right or Right Certificate, as such, any of the
rights of a stockholder of the Company or any right to vote for the election of
directors or upon any matter submitted to stockholders at any meeting thereof,
or to give or withhold consent to any corporate action, or to receive notice of
meetings or other actions affecting stockholders (except as provided in Section
25), or to receive dividends or subscription rights, or otherwise, until the
Right or Rights evidenced by such Right Certificate shall have been exercised in
accordance with the provisions hereof.

         Section 18.    CONCERNING THE RIGHTS AGENT (a) The Company agrees to 
pay to the Rights Agent reasonable compensation for all services rendered by it
hereunder and, from time to time, on demand of the Rights Agent, its reasonable
expenses and counsel fees and other

                                       26


<PAGE>



disbursements incurred in the administration and execution of this Agreement and
the exercise and performance of its duties hereunder. The Company also agrees to
indemnify the Rights Agent for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss,
liability, or expense incurred without negligence, bad faith or willful
misconduct on the part of the Rights Agent for anything done or omitted by the
Rights Agent in connection with the acceptance and administration of this
Agreement, including the costs and expenses of defending against any claim of
liability in the premises.

         (b)     The Rights Agent shall be protected and shall incur no
liability for or in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it in
connection with its administration of this Agreement in reliance upon any Right
Certificate or certificate for Preferred Stock or Common Stock or for other
securities of the Company, instrument of assignment or transfer, power of
attorney, endorsement, affidavit, letter, notice, direction, consent,
certificate, statement, or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine
and to be signed, executed and, where necessary, verified or acknowledged, by
the proper Person or Persons or otherwise upon the advice of counsel as set
forth in Section 20 hereof.

         Section 19.    MERGER OR CONSOLIDATION OR CHANGE OF NAME OF
                        RIGHTS AGENT

         (a)     Any Person into which the Rights Agent or any successor
Rights Agent may be merged or with which it may be consolidated, or any
corporation resulting from any merger or consolidation to which the Rights Agent
or any successor Rights Agent shall be a party, or any Person succeeding to all
or substantially all of the corporate trust or stock transfer business of the
Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent, shall be the successor to the Rights
Agent under this Agreement without the execution or filing of any paper or any
further act on the part of any of the parties hereto, provided that such
corporation would be eligible for appointment as a successor Rights Agent under
the provisions of Section 21 hereof. In case at the time such successor Rights
Agent shall succeed to the agency created by this Agreement, any of the Rights
Certificates shall have been countersigned but not delivered, any such successor
Rights Agent may adopt the counter signature of the predecessor Rights Agent and
deliver such Right Certificates so countersigned; and in case at that time any
of the Right Certificates shall not have been countersigned, any successor
Rights Agent may countersign such Right Certificate either in the name of the
predecessor Rights Agent or in the name of the successor Rights Agent; and in
all such cases such Right Certificates shall have the full force provided in the
Right Certificates and in this Agreement.

         (b)     In case at any time the name of the Rights Agent shall be
changed and at such time any of the Right Certificates shall have been
countersigned but not delivered, the Rights Agent may adopt the counter
signature under its prior name and deliver Right Certificates so countersigned;
and in case at that time any of the Right Certificates shall not have been
countersigned, the Rights Agent may countersign such Right Certificates either
in its prior name or in its changed name; and in all such cases such Right
Certificates shall have the full force provided in the Right Certificates and in
this Agreement.


                                       27

<PAGE>



         Section 20.     DUTIES OF RIGHTS AGENT  The Rights Agent undertakes
the duties and obligations imposed by this Agreement upon the following terms
and conditions, by all of which the Company and the holders of Right
Certificates, by their acceptance thereof, shall be bound:

         (a)     The Rights Agent may consult with legal counsel (which may
be legal counsel for the Company), and the opinion of such counsel shall be full
and complete authorization and protection to the Rights Agent as to any action
taken or omitted by it in good faith and in accordance with such opinion.

         (b)     Whenever in the performance of its duties under this
Agreement the Rights Agent shall deem it necessary or desirable that any fact or
matter (including, without limitation, the identity of any Acquiring Person and
the determination of "current market price") be proved or established by the
Company prior to taking or suffering any action hereunder, such fact or matter
(unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may
be deemed to be conclusively proven and established by a certificate signed or
reasonably believed by the Rights Agent to be signed by any one of the Chairman
of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, any Vice President,
the Treasurer or the Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Rights Agent;
and such certificate shall be full authorization to the Rights Agent for any
action taken or suffered in good faith by it under the provisions of this
Agreement in reliance upon such certificate.

         (c)     The Rights Agent shall be liable hereunder only for its own
negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct.

         (d)     The Rights Agent shall not be liable for or by reason of any
of the statements of fact or recitals contained in this Agreement or in the
Rights Certificate (except its countersignature thereof) or be required to
verify the same, and all such statements and recitals are and shall be deemed 
to have been made by the Company only.

         (e)     The Rights Agent shall not be under any responsibility in
respect of the validity of this Agreement or the execution and delivery hereof
(except the due execution hereof by the Rights Agent) or in respect of the
validity or execution of any Right Certificate (except its countersignature
thereof); nor shall it be responsible for any breach by the Company of any
covenant or condition contained in this Agreement or in any Right Certificate;
nor shall it be responsible for any change in the exercisability of the Rights
or any adjustment required under the provisions of Sections 11 or 12 or
responsible for the manner, method or amount of any such adjustment or the
ascertaining of the existence of facts that would require any such adjustments
(except with respect to the exercise of Rights evidenced by Right Certificates
after receipt of the certificate described in Section 12 hereof); nor shall it
by any act hereunder be deemed to make any representation or warranty as to the
authorization or reservation of any shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock to
be issued pursuant to this Agreement or any Right Certificate or as to whether
any shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock will, when issued, be validly
authorized and issued, fully paid and nonassessable.


                                       28

<PAGE>



         (f)     The Company agrees that it will perform, execute,
acknowledge and deliver or cause to be performed, executed, acknowledged and
delivered all such further and other acts, instruments and assurances as may
reasonably be required by the Rights Agent for the carrying out or performing by
the Rights Agent of the provisions of this Agreement.

         (g)     The Rights Agent is hereby authorized and directed to accept
instructions with respect to the performance of its duties hereunder from the
Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, any Vice
President, the Secretary or the Treasurer of the Company, and to apply to such
officers for advice or instructions in connection with its duties, and it shall
not be liable for any action taken or suffered to be taken by it in good faith
in accordance with instructions of any such officer or for any delay in acting
while waiting for those instructions.

         (h)     The Rights Agent and any stockholder, director, officer or
employee of the Rights Agent may buy, sell or deal in any of the Rights or other
securities of the Company or become pecuniarily interested in any transaction in
which the Company may be interested, or contract with or lend money to the
Company or otherwise act as fully and freely as though it were not the Rights
Agent under this Agreement. Nothing herein shall preclude the Rights Agent from
acting in any other capacity for the Company or for any other legal entity.

         (i)     The Rights Agent may execute and exercise any of the rights
or powers hereby vested in it or perform any duty hereunder either itself or by
or through its attorneys, or agents, and the Rights Agent shall not be
answerable or accountable for any act, default, neglect or misconduct of any
such attorneys, or agents, or for any loss to the Company resulting from any
such act, default, neglect or misconduct, provided reasonable care was exercised
in the selection and continued employment thereof.

         (j)     No provision of this Agreement shall require the Rights
Agent to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability
in the performance of any of its duties hereunder or in the exercise of its
rights if it believes in good faith that repayment of such funds or adequate
indemnification against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it.

         (k)     If, with respect to any Rights Certificate surrendered to
the Rights Agent for exercise or transfer, the certificate attached to the form
of assignment or form of election to purchase, as the case may be, has not been
completed, the Rights Agent shall not take any further action with respect to
such requested exercise of transfer without first consulting with the Company.

         Section 21.    CHANGE OF RIGHTS AGENT  The Rights Agent or any
successor Rights Agent may resign and be discharged from its duties under this
Agreement upon 30 days' notice in writing mailed to the Company and to each
transfer agent of the Common Stock or Preferred Stock by registered or certified
mail, and, subsequent to the Distribution Date, to the holders of the Right
Certificates by first-class mail. The Company may remove the Rights Agent or any



                                       29
<PAGE>



successor Rights Agent upon 30 days notice in writing, mailed to the Rights
Agent or successor Rights Agent, as the case may be, and to each transfer agent
of the Common Stock or Preferred Stock by registered or certified mail, and,
subsequent to the Distribution Date, to the holders of the Right Certificates by
first-class mail. If the Rights Agent shall resign or be removed or shall
otherwise become incapable of acting, the Company shall appoint a successor to
the Rights Agent. If the Company shall fail to make such appointment within a
period of 30 days after such removal or after it has been notified in writing of
such resignation or incapacity by the resigning or incapacitated Rights Agent or
by the holder of a Right Certificate (who shall, with such notice, submit his
Right Certificate for inspection by the Company), then the registered holder of
any Right Certificate may apply to any court of competent jurisdiction for the
appointment of a new Rights Agent. Any successor Rights Agent, whether appointed
by the Company or by such a court, shall be a corporation organized and doing
business under the laws of the United States or one of the States thereof, in
good standing, which is authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust
or stock transfer powers and is subject to supervision or examination by federal
or state authority and which has at the time of its appointment as Rights Agent,
a combined capital and surplus of at least $50 million. After appointment, the
successor Rights Agent shall be vested with the same powers, rights, duties and
responsibilities as if it had been originally named as Rights Agent without
further act or deed; but the predecessor Rights Agent shall deliver and transfer
to the successor Rights Agent any property at the time held by it hereunder, and
execute and deliver any further assurance, conveyance, act or deed necessary for
the purpose. Not later than the effective date of any such appointment, the
Company shall file notice thereof in writing with the predecessor Rights Agent
and each transfer agent of the Common Stock or Preferred Stock, and, subsequent
to the Distribution Date, mail a notice thereof in writing to the registered
holders of the Right Certificates. Failure to give any notice provided for in
this Section 21, however, or any defect therein, shall not affect the legality
or validity of the resignation or removal of the Rights Agent or the appointment
of the successor Rights Agent, as the case may be.

         Section 22.    ISSUANCE OF NEW RIGHT CERTIFICATES Notwithstanding
any of the provisions of this Agreement or of the Rights to the contrary, the
Company may, at its option, issue new Right Certificates evidencing Rights in
such form as may be approved by resolution of its Board of Directors to reflect
any adjustment or change in the Purchase Price and the number or kind of class
of shares of stock or other securities or property purchasable under the Right
Certificates made in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.

         Section 23.    REDEMPTION

         (a)     At any time prior to the earlier of (i) the time that any
Person becomes an Acquiring Person, or (ii) the Final Expiration Date, the Board
of Directors may, at its option, redeem all, but not less than all, the then
outstanding Rights at a redemption price of $.01 per Right, as such amount may
be appropriately adjusted to reflect any stock split, stock dividend or similar
transaction occurring after the date hereof (such redemption price being
hereinafter referred to as the "Redemption Price"). The Company may, at its
option, pay the Redemption


                                       30

<PAGE>



Price either in shares of Common Stock (based on the "current market price" per
share as defined in Section 11(d) hereof, of the shares of Common Stock at the
time of redemption) or cash; provided, however, that if the Company elects to
pay the Redemption Price in shares of Common Stock, the Company shall not be
required to issue any fractional shares of Common Stock and the number of shares
of Common Stock issuable to each holder of Rights shall be rounded down to the
next whole share. The redemption of the Rights by the Board of Directors may be
made effective at such time, on such basis and with such conditions as the Board
of Directors in its sole discretion may establish.

         (b)     Immediately upon the action of the Board of Directors
ordering the redemption of the Rights in accordance with Section 23(a) and
without any further action and without any notice, the right to exercise the
Rights will terminate and the only right thereafter of the holders of Rights
shall be to receive the Redemption Price for each Right so held. Promptly after
the action of the Company ordering the redemption of the Rights, the Company
shall give notice of such redemption to the Rights Agent and the holders of the
then outstanding Rights in the manner set forth in Section 26, provided,
however, that the failure to give, or any defect in, any such notice shall not
affect the validity of such redemption. Any notice which is mailed in the manner
herein provided shall be deemed given, whether or not the holder receives the
notice. Each such notice of redemption will state the method by which the
payment of the Redemption Price will be made. Neither the Company nor any of its
Affiliates or Associates may redeem, acquire or purchase for value any Rights at
any time in any manner other than that specifically set forth in this Section 23
and other than in connection with the purchase of shares of Common Stock prior
to the Distribution Date.

         Section 24.    EXCHANGE

         (a)     Subject to Section 24 (c) and 24(d), the Board of Directors
may, at any time after the time that any Person becomes an Acquiring Person,
exchange all or part of the then outstanding and exercisable Rights (which shall
not include Rights that have become void pursuant to the provisions of Section
7(e)) for shares of Common Stock at an exchange ratio of one share of Common
Stock per Right, appropriately adjusted to reflect any stock split, stock
dividend or similar transaction occurring after the date hereof (such exchange
ratio being hereinafter referred to as the "Exchange Ratio"). Notwithstanding
the foregoing, the Board of Directors shall not be empowered to effect such
exchange at any time after any Person (other than the Company, any Subsidiary of
the Company, any Benefit Plan, any entity holding shares of Common Stock for or
pursuant to the terms of any Benefit Plan, or any trustee, administrator or
fiduciary of any Benefit Plan), together with all Affiliates and Associates of
such Person, becomes the Beneficial Owner of 50% or more of the Common Stock
then outstanding.

         (b)     Immediately upon the action of the Board of Directors of the
Company ordering the exchange of any Rights in accordance with Section 24 and
without any further action and without any notice, the right to exercise such
rights shall terminate and the only right thereafter of a holder of such Rights
shall be to receive that number of shares of Common Stock equal to



                                       31
<PAGE>



the number of such rights held by such holder multiplied by the Exchange Ratio.
The Company shall promptly give public notice of any such exchange; provided,
however, that the failure to give, or any defect in, such notice shall not
affect the validity of such exchange. The Company promptly shall mail a notice
of any such exchange to all of the holders of such Rights at their last
addresses as they appear upon the registry books of the Rights Agent. Any notice
which is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be deemed given, whether or
not the holder receives the notice. Each such notice of exchange will state the
method by which the exchange of shares of Common Stock for Rights will be
effected and, in the event of any partial exchange, the number of Rights which
will be exchanged. Any partial exchange shall be effected pro rata based on the
number of Rights (other than Rights which have become void pursuant to the
provisions of Section 7(e)) held by each holder of Rights.

         (c)     In the event that there shall not be sufficient shares of
Common Stock issued but not outstanding or authorized but unissued (and not
reserved for issuance other than upon exercise of the Rights) to permit any
exchange of Rights as contemplated in accordance with this Section 24, the (i)
Company shall take all such action as may be necessary to authorize additional
shares of Common Stock for issuance upon exchange of the Rights, or (ii) the
Board of Directors may determine to exchange shares of Common Stock for then
outstanding and exercisable Rights at such exchange ratio of less than one share
of Common Stock per Right, appropriately adjusted as set forth in Section 24(a)
above, so that all (and not less than all) of the shares of Common Stock issued
but not outstanding or authorized but unissued (and not reserved for issuance
other than upon exercise of the Rights) are issued in the exchange contemplated
by this Section 24.

         (d)     In any exchange pursuant to this Section 24, the
Corporation, at its option, may substitute common stock equivalents (as defined
in Section 11(a)(iii)) for shares of Common Stock exchangeable for Rights, at
the initial rate of one common stock equivalent for each share of Common Stock,
as appropriately adjusted to reflect adjustments in dividend liquidation and
voting rights of common stock equivalents pursuant to the terms thereof, so that
each common stock equivalent delivered in lieu of each share of Common Stock
shall have essentially the same dividend, liquidation and voting rights as one
share of Common Stock.

         Section 25.    NOTICE OF CERTAIN EVENTS

         (a)     In case the Company propose, at any time after the
Distribution Date, (i) to declare or pay any dividend payable in stock of any
class to the holders of its Preferred Stock or to make any other distribution to
the holders of its Preferred Stock (other than a regular quarterly cash dividend
out of earnings on retained earnings of the Company) or (ii) to offer to the
holders of its Preferred Stock options, rights or warrants to subscribe for or
to purchase any additional Preferred Stock or shares of stock of any class or
any other securities, rights or options, or (iii) to effect any reclassification
of its Preferred Stock (other than a reclassification involving only the
subdivision of outstanding shares of Preferred Stock), or (iv) to effect any
consolidation or merger with or into any other Person (other than a Subsidiary
of the Company in a transaction which complies with Section 11(o) hereof), or to
effect any sale or other transfer (or to permit


                                       32

<PAGE>



one or more of its Subsidiaries to effect any sale or other transfer), in one
transaction or a series of related transactions, of more than 50% of the assets
or earning power of the Company and its Subsidiaries (taken as a whole) to any
other Person or Persons (other than the Company and/or any of its Subsidiaries
in one or more transactions each of which complies with Section 11(o) hereof),
or (v) to effect the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company,
then, in each such case, the Company shall give to each holder of a Right
Certificate, in accordance with Section 26 hereof, a notice of such proposed
action to the extent feasible and file a certificate with the Rights Agent to
that effect, which shall specify the record date for the purposes of such stock
dividend, or distribution of rights or warrants, or the date on which such
reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer, liquidation,
dissolution, or winding up is to take place and the date of participation
therein by the holders of record of the shares of Preferred Stock, if any such
date is to be fixed, and such notice shall be so given in the case of any action
covered by clause (i) or (ii) above at least twenty (20) days prior to the
record date for determining holders of the shares of Preferred Stock for
purposes of such action, and in the case of any such other action, at least
twenty (20) days prior to the date of the taking of such proposed action or the
date of participation therein by the holders of the Preferred Stock, whichever
shall be the earlier. The failure to give notice required by this Section 25 or
any defect therein shall not affect the legality or validity of the action taken
by the Company or the vote upon any such action.

         (b)     Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary,
prior to the Distribution Date, a filing by the Company with the Securities and
Exchange Commission shall constitute sufficient notice to the holders of the
securities of the Company, including the Rights, for purposes of this Agreement
and no other notice need be given to such holders.

         (c)     In case any Section 11(a)(ii) Event shall occur, then, in
any such case, (i) the Company shall as soon as practicable thereafter give to
each holder of a Right Certificate, in accordance with Section 25 hereof, notice
of the occurrence of such event, which notice shall specify the event and the
consequences thereof to holders of Rights under Section 11(a)(ii) hereof, and
(ii) all references in Section 25(a) hereof to Preferred Stock shall be deemed
thereafter to refer to Common Stock and/or, if appropriate, other securities.

         Section 26.    NOTICES.  Notices or demands authorized by this
Agreement to be given or made by the Rights Agent or by the holder of any Right
Certificate to or on the Company shall be sufficiently given or made if sent by
first-class mail, postage prepaid, addressed (until another address is filed in
writing with the Rights Agent) as follows:

                  Comtech Telecommunications Corp.
                  105 Baylis Road
                  Melville, New York  11747
                  Attention:  President



                                       33

<PAGE>



                  with a copy to:

                  Richard L. Goldberg, Esq.
                  Proskauer Rose LLP
                  1585 Broadway
                  New York, NY  10036

         Subject to the provisions of Section 21, any notice or demand
authorized by this Agreement to be given or made by the Company or by the holder
of any Right Certificate to or on the Rights Agent shall be sufficiently given
or made if sent by first-class mail, postage prepaid, addressed (until another
address is filed in writing with the Company) as follows:

                  American Stock Transfer and Trust Company
                  40 Wall Street
                  New York, NY 10005
                  Attn: Corporate Trust Department

         Notices or demands authorized by this Agreement to be given or made by
the Company or the Rights Agent to the holder of any Right Certificate shall be
sufficiently given or made if sent by first-class mail, postage prepaid,
addressed to such holder at the address of such holder as shown on the registry
books of the Company.

         Section 27.    SUPPLEMENTS AND AMENDMENTS Prior to the
Distribution Date, the Company and the Rights Agent shall, if the Company so
directs, supplement or amend any provision of this Agreement without the
approval of any holders of certificates representing shares of Common Stock.
From and after the Distribution Date, the Company and the Rights Agent shall, if
the Company so directs, supplement or amend this Agreement without the approval
of any holders of Right Certificates in order (i) to cure any ambiguity, (ii) to
correct or supplement any provision contained herein which may be defective or
inconsistent with any other provisions herein, (iii) to shorten or lengthen any
time period hereunder or (iv) to change or supplement the provisions hereunder
in any manner which the Company may deem necessary or desirable and which shall
not adversely affect the interests of the holders of Right Certificates (other
than an Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person);
provided, this Agreement may not be supplemented or amended to lengthen,
pursuant to clause (iii) of this sentence, (A) a time period relating to when
the Rights may be redeemed at such time as the Rights are not then redeemable,
or (B) any other time period unless such lengthening is for the purpose of
protecting, enhancing or clarifying the rights of, and/or the benefits to, the
holders of Rights. Upon the delivery of a certificate from an appropriate
officer of the Company which states that the proposed supplement or amendment is
in compliance with the terms of this Section 27, the Rights Agent shall execute
such supplement or amendment, provided that the proposed supplement or amendment
does not adversely affect the rights or obligations of the Rights Agent under
Section 18 or Section 20. Prior to the Distribution Date, the interests of the
holders of Rights shall be deemed coincident with the interests of the holders
of Common Stock.


                                       34

<PAGE>



         Section 28.    SUCCESSORS.  All the covenants and provisions of this 
Agreement by or for the benefit of the Company or the Rights Agent shall bind 
and inure to the benefit of their respective successors and assigns hereunder.

         Section 29.    DETERMINATIONS AND ACTIONS BY THE BOARD OF
DIRECTORS.  The Board of Directors of the Company shall have the exclusive power
and authority to administer this Agreement and to exercise all rights and powers
specifically granted to the Board or to the Company, or as may be necessary or
advisable in the administration of this Agreement, including, without
limitation, the right and power to (i) interpret the provisions of this
Agreement, and (ii) make all determinations deemed necessary or advisable for
the administration of this Agreement (including, without limitation, a
determination to redeem or not redeem the Rights or to amend the Agreement) and
whether any proposed amendment adversely affects the interests of the holders of
Rights Certificates. All such actions, calculations, interpretations and
determinations (including, for purpose of clause (y) below, all omissions with
respect to the foregoing) which are done or made by the Board in good faith, (x)
shall be final, conclusive and binding on the Company, the Rights Agent, the
holders of the Right Certificates and all other parties, and (y) shall not
subject the Board to any liability to the holders of the Right Certificates.

         Section 30.    BENEFITS OF THIS AGREEMENT Nothing in this
Agreement shall be construed to give to any person or corporation other than the
Company, the Rights Agent and the registered holders of the Right Certificates
(and, prior to the Distribution Date, registered holders of the Common Stock)
any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Agreement; but this
Agreement shall be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the Company, the Rights
Agent and the registered holders of the Right Certificates (and, prior to the
Distribution Date, registered holders of the Common Stock).

         Section 31.    SEVERABILITY. If any term, provision, covenant or
restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction or
other authority to be invalid, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the
terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions of this Agreement shall remain in
full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated;
provided, however, that notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the
contrary, if any such term, provision, covenant or restriction is held by such
court or authority to be invalid, void or unenforceable and the Board of
Directors of the Company determines in its good faith judgment that severing the
invalid language from this Agreement would adversely affect the purpose or
effect of this Agreement, the right of redemption set forth in Section 23 hereof
shall be reinstated and shall not expire until the Close of Business on the
tenth day following the date of such determination by the Board of Directors.

         Section 32.    GOVERNING LAW.  This Agreement, each Right and each 
Right Certificate issued hereunder shall be deemed to be a contract made under 
the laws of the State of Delaware and for all purposes shall be governed by and
construed in accordance with the laws of the State


                                       35

<PAGE>



of Delaware applicable to contracts to be made and performed entirely within the
State of Delaware.

         Section 33.    COUNTERPARTS.  This Agreement may be executed in any 
number of counterparts and each of such counterparts shall for all purposes be 
deemed to be an original, and all such counterparts shall together constitute 
but one and the same instrument.

         Section 34.    DESCRIPTIVE HEADINGS Descriptive headings of the
several Sections of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall
not control or affect the meaning or construction of any of the provisions
hereof.



                   [Remainder of Page is Intentionally Blank]



                                       36
<PAGE>



         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be
duly executed, all as of the date first written above.


                                            COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP.

                                            By:  /s/ J. Preston Windus, Jr.
                                                 Name: J. Preston Windus, Jr.
                                                 Title: Senior Vice President


                                               AMERICAN STOCK TRANSFER & TRUST
                                               COMPANY

                                            By:  /s/ Herbert J. Lemmer
                                                 Name: Herbert J. Lemmer
                                                 Title: Vice President



                                       37

<PAGE>



                                    EXHIBIT A

              FORM OF CERTIFICATE OF DESIGNATION OF SERIES A JUNIOR
                          PARTICIPATING PREFERRED STOCK
                                 $.10 Par Value

                                       of

                        COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP.

               Pursuant to Section 151 of the General Corporation
                          Law of the State of Delaware

         The undersigned, Fred Kornberg, President, and Gail Segui, Secretary,
of Comtech Telecommunications Corp. (the "Corporation"), a corporation organized
and existing under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, in
accordance with the provisions of Section 103 thereof, DO HEREBY CERTIFY:

         That pursuant to the authority conferred upon the Board of Directors of
the Corporation by the Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, of the
Corporation (the "Certificate of Incorporation"), the said Board of Directors on
December 15, 1998 adopted the following resolution creating a series of two
hundred thousand (200,000) shares of Preferred Stock designated as the Series A
Junior Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock, $.10 Par Value:

         RESOLVED, that pursuant to the authority vested in the Board of
Directors of the Corporation in accordance with the provisions of its
Certificate of Incorporation, a series of Preferred Stock of the Corporation be,
and it hereby is, created, and that the designation and amount thereof and the
voting powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other
special rights of the shares of such series, and the qualifications, limitations
and restrictions thereof, are as follows:

         Section 1.     DESIGNATION AND AMOUNT. The shares of such series
shall be designated as Series A Junior Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock,
$.01 Par Value (the "Series A Preferred Stock") and the number of shares
constituting such series shall be 200,000. Such number of shares may be
increased or decreased by resolution of the Board of Directors; provided,
however, that no decrease shall reduce the number of shares of Series A
Preferred Stock to a number less than the number of shares then outstanding plus
the number of shares reserved for issuance upon the exercise of outstanding
options, rights or warrants to purchase, or upon the conversion of any
outstanding securities issued by the Corporation convertible into, Series A
Preferred Stock.



                                       A-1

<PAGE>



         Section 2.     DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS.

         (a)     Subject to the rights of the holders of shares of any series
of Preferred Stock ranking prior and superior to the Series A Preferred Stock
with respect to dividends, the holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock, in
preference to the holders of Common Stock, $.10 par value, of the Corporation
(the "Common Stock") and of any other junior stock which may be outstanding,
shall be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors
out of funds legally available for the purpose, quarterly dividends payable in
cash (except as provided below) on the first day of August, November, February
and May in each year (each such date being referred to herein as a "Quarterly
Dividend Payment Date"), commencing on the first Quarterly Dividend Payment Date
after the first issuance of a share or fraction of a share of Series A Preferred
Stock, in an amount per share (rounded to the nearest cent) equal to the greater
of (a) $1.00 per share ($4.00 per annum), or (b) subject to the provision for
adjustment hereinafter set forth, 100 times the aggregate per share amount of
all cash dividends, plus 10 times the aggregate per share amount (payable in
kind) of all non-cash dividends or other distributions, other than a dividend
payable in shares of Common Stock or a subdivision of the outstanding shares of
Common Stock (by reclassification or otherwise), declared on the Common Stock
since the immediately preceding Quarterly Dividend Payment Date or, with respect
to the first Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, since the first issuance of any
share or fraction of a share of Series A Preferred Stock. In the event the
Corporation shall at any time declare or pay any dividend or distribution on
Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, or effect a subdivision or
combination or consolidation of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (by
reclassification or otherwise than by payment of a dividend in shares of Common
Stock) into a greater or lesser number of shares of Common Stock, then in each
such case the amount to which holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock were
entitled immediately prior to such event under clause (b) of the preceding
sentence shall be adjusted by multiplying such amount by a fraction, the
numerator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding
immediately after such event and the denominator of which is the number of
shares of Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to such event.

         (b)     The Corporation shall declare a dividend or distribution on
the Series A Preferred Stock as provided in paragraph (A) of this Section
immediately after it declares a dividend or distribution on the Common Stock
(other than a dividend or distribution payable in shares of Common Stock);
provided, however, that in the event no dividend or distribution shall have been
declared on the Common Stock during the period between any Quarterly Dividend
Payment Date and the next subsequent Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, a dividend
of $1.00 per share ($4.00 per annum) on the Series A Preferred Stock shall
nevertheless be payable on such subsequent Quarterly Dividend Payment Date.

         (c)     Dividends shall begin to accrue and be cumulative on
outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock from the Quarterly Dividend
Payment Date next preceding the date of issue of such shares of Series A
Preferred Stock, unless the date of issue of such shares is prior to the record
date for the first Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, in which case dividends on
such


                                       A-2

<PAGE>



shares shall begin to accrue from the date of issue of such shares, or unless
the date of issue is a Quarterly Dividend Payment Date or is a date after the
record date for the determination of holders of shares of Series A Preferred
Stock entitled to receive a quarterly dividend and before such Quarterly
Dividend Payment Date, in either of which events such dividends shall begin to
accrue and be cumulative from such Quarterly Dividend Payment Date. Accrued but
unpaid dividends shall accumulate but shall not bear interest. Dividends paid on
the shares of Series A Preferred Stock in an amount less than the total amount
of such dividends at the time accrued and payable on such shares shall be
allocated pro rata on a share-by-share basis among all such shares at the time
outstanding. The Board of Directors may fix a record date for the determination
of holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock entitled to receive payment of
a dividend or distribution declared thereon, which record date shall be not more
than 60 days prior to the date fixed for the payment thereof.

         Section 3.     VOTING RIGHTS.  The holders of Shares of Series A 
Preferred Stock shall have the following voting rights:

         (a)     Subject to the provisions for adjustment as hereinafter set
forth, each share of Series A Preferred Stock shall entitle the holder thereof
to 100 votes (and each one one-hundredth of a share of Series A Preferred Stock
shall entitle the holder thereof to one vote) on all matters submitted to a vote
of the stockholders of the Corporation. In the event the Corporation shall at
any time declare or pay any dividend on Common Stock payable in shares of Common
Stock or effect a subdivision or combination or consolidation of the outstanding
shares of Common Stock (by reclassification or otherwise than by payment of a
dividend in shares of Common Stock) into a greater or lesser number of shares of
Common Stock, then in each such case the number of votes per share to which
holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock were entitled immediately prior to
such event shall be adjusted by multiplying such number by a fraction, the
numerator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding
immediately after such event and the denominator of which is the number of
shares of Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to such event.

         (b)     Except as otherwise provided herein, in the Certificate of
Incorporation, or by law, the holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock and
the holders of shares of Common Stock shall vote together as one class on all
matters submitted to a vote of stockholders of the Corporation.

         (c)     In addition, the holders of shares of Series A Preferred
Stock shall have the following special voting rights:

                 (i)    If at any time accrued dividends on any shares of
         Series A Preferred Stock shall be in arrears in the full aggregate
         amount of the last four quarterly dividends accrued thereon (whether or
         not declared), the holders of Series A Preferred Stock and all other
         series of Preferred Stock (in each case to the extent then entitled
         pursuant to the terms of such series), voting together as one class,
         shall have the exclusive and special right to


                                       A-3

<PAGE>



         elect two directors of the Corporation, and the number of directors
         constituting the Board of Directors of the Corporation shall be
         increased by two (if not previously increased in connection with the
         right of other series of Preferred Stock entitled to vote together with
         this Series to elect directors of the Corporation) for such purpose.

                 (ii)   Whenever any such right of the holders of Series shall
         have vested, such right may be exercised initially either at a special
         meeting of the holders of Series A Preferred Stock and all other series
         so entitled to vote, if any, called as hereinafter provided, or at any
         annual meeting of stockholders, and thereafter at annual meetings of
         stockholders. The right of the holders of Series A Preferred Stock
         voting separately as a class with such other series of Preferred Stock
         to elect members of the Board of Directors of the Corporation as
         aforesaid shall continue until such time as all dividends accrued on
         all shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall have been paid in full, or
         declared and set apart for payment, at which time the special right of
         the holders of Series A Preferred Stock so to vote separately as a
         class with such other series of Preferred Stock for the election of
         directors shall terminate, subject to revesting in the event of each
         and every subsequent occurrence of an arrearage specified in paragraph
         (i) above.

                 (iii)  At any time when such special voting power shall have
         vested in the holders of Series A Preferred Stock as provided in the
         preceding paragraph (i), the proper officer of the Corporation shall,
         upon the written request of the holders of record of at least 10% of
         the aggregate then outstanding voting power of shares of Series A
         Preferred Stock and all other series of Preferred Stock entitled to
         vote in the election of such directors addressed to the Secretary of
         the Corporation, call a special meeting of the holders of Series A
         Preferred Stock for the purpose of electing directors pursuant to this
         Section 3(c). Such meeting shall be held at the earliest practicable
         date. If such meeting shall not be called by the proper officer of the
         Corporation within twenty days after personal service of such written
         request upon the Secretary of the Corporation, or within twenty days
         after mailing the same within the United States of America, by
         registered mail addressed to the Secretary of the Corporation at its
         principal office, then the holders of record of at least 10% of the
         aggregate then outstanding voting power of shares of Series A Preferred
         Stock and all other series of Preferred Stock entitled to vote in the
         election of such directors may designate in writing one of their number
         to call such meeting at the expense of the Corporation, and such
         meeting may be called by such person so designated by giving the notice
         required for annual meetings of stockholders. Any holder of Series A
         Preferred Stock so designated shall have access to the stock books of
         the Corporation for the purpose of causing meetings of shareholders to
         be called pursuant to these provisions. Notwithstanding the provisions
         of this paragraph (iii), no such special meeting shall be called during
         the period within ninety days immediately preceding the date fixed for
         the next annual meeting of shareholders.

                 (iv)   At any meeting held for the purpose of electing 
         directors at which the holders of Series A Preferred Stock and any 
         other series of Preferred Stock shall have the


                                       A-4

<PAGE>



         special right to elect directors as provided in this Section 3(c), the
         presence, in person or by proxy, of the holders of one-third of the
         voting power of the then outstanding aggregate number of shares of
         Series A Preferred Stock and such other series of Preferred Stock shall
         be required to constitute a quorum for the election of any director by
         the holders of such series. At any such meeting or adjournment thereof,
         (1) the absence of a quorum shall not prevent the election of directors
         other than those to be elected by all such series of Preferred Stock
         voting separately as a class, and the absence of a quorum for the
         election of such other directors shall not prevent the election of the
         directors to be elected by the Series A Preferred Stock and any other
         series of Preferred Stock that may be voting with it separately as a
         class, and (2) in the absence of either or both such quorums, the
         holders of a majority of the voting power of the shares present in
         person or by proxy of the stock or stocks which lack a quorum shall
         have power to adjourn the meeting for the electing of directors who
         they are entitled to elect from time to time without notice other than
         announcement at the meeting until a quorum shall be present.

                 (v)    During any period when the holders of Series A
         Preferred Stock have the right to vote separately as a class for
         directors as provided in this Section 3(c), (1) the directors so
         elected by the holders of the one or more series of Preferred Stock
         entitled to vote for such directors shall continue in office until the
         next succeeding annual meeting or until their successors, if any, are
         elected by such holders and qualify or, until termination of the right
         of the holders of the one or more series of Preferred Stock entitled to
         vote for such directors to vote separately as a class for directors as
         provided in this Section 3(c) and (2) vacancies in the Board of
         Directors shall be filled only by vote of a majority (even if that be
         only a single director) of the remaining directors theretofore elected
         by the holders of the one or more series of Preferred Stock which
         elected the directors whose office shall have become vacant or, if
         there be no such remaining director, directors to fill such vacancies
         shall be elected by the holders of the one or more series of Preferred
         Stock then entitled to vote for such directors at a special meeting
         called pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (iii) hereof.
         Immediately upon any termination of the right of the holders of Series
         A Preferred Stock and any other series of Preferred Stock to vote
         separately as a class for directors as provided in this Section 3(c),
         the term of office of the directors then in office so elected by the
         holders of Series A Preferred Stock and any such other series of
         Preferred Stock shall terminate. Whenever the term of office of the
         directors so elected by the holders of Series A Preferred Stock and any
         such other series of Preferred Stock shall terminate and the special
         voting power vested in the holders of Series A Preferred Stock and any
         such other series of Preferred Stock as provided in this Section 3(c)
         shall have terminated, the number of directors shall be such number as
         may be provided for in the by-laws irrespective of any increase made
         pursuant to the provisions of this Section 3(c).

         (d)     Nothing herein shall prevent the directors or stockholders
from taking any action to increase the number of authorized shares of Series A
Preferred Stock, increasing the number of authorized shares of Preferred Stock
of the same class as the Series A Preferred Stock or the


                                       A-5

<PAGE>



number of authorized shares of Common Stock, or changing the par value of the
Common Stock or Preferred Stock, or issuing options, warrants, or rights to any
class of stock of this Corporation, as authorized by the Certificate of
Incorporation as now in effect or as it may hereafter be amended.

         (e)     So long as any shares of Series A Preferred Stock are
outstanding, the Corporation shall not, without the affirmative vote of the
holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock,
given by such holders as one class, amend the Certificate of Incorporation in
any manner which would materially alter or change the powers, preferences or
special rights of this Series so as to affect them adversely. Except as provided
herein, in the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation or by law,
holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall have no special voting
rights and their consent shall not be required for taking any corporate action.

         Section 4.     CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS.

         (a)     Whenever quarterly dividends or other dividends or
distributions payable on the Series A Preferred Stock as provided in Section 3
are in arrears, thereafter and until all accrued and unpaid dividends and
distributions, whether or not declared, on shares of Series A Preferred Stock
outstanding shall have been paid in full, the Corporation shall not:

                 (i)    declare or pay dividends on, make any other
         distributions on, or redeem or purchase or otherwise acquire for
         consideration, any shares of stock ranking junior (either as to
         dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up) to the Series
         A Preferred Stock;

                 (ii)   declare or pay dividends, or make any other
         distributions, on or make any other distributions on any shares of
         stock ranking on a parity (either as to dividends or upon liquidation,
         dissolution or winding up) with the Series A Preferred Stock, except
         dividends paid ratably on the Series A Preferred Stock and all such
         parity stock on which dividends are payable or in arrears in proportion
         to the total amounts to which the holders of all such shares are then
         entitled;

                 (iii)  except as provided in the following paragraph (iv),
         redeem or purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration shares of any
         stock ranking on a parity (either as to dividends or upon liquidation,
         dissolution or winding up) with the Series A Preferred Stock, provided
         that the Corporation may at any time redeem, purchase or otherwise
         acquire shares of any such parity stock in exchange for shares of any
         stock of the Corporation ranking junior (both as to dividends and upon
         dissolution, liquidation or winding up) to the Series A Preferred
         Stock; or

                 (iv)   purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration any
         shares of Series A Preferred Stock, or any shares of stock ranking on a
         parity (either as to dividends or upon


                                       A-6

<PAGE>



         liquidation, dissolution or winding up) with the Series A Preferred
         Stock, except in accordance with a purchase offer made in writing or by
         publication (as determined by the Board of Directors) to all holders of
         shares of Series A Preferred Stock and all such other shares upon such
         terms as the Board of Directors, after consideration of the respective
         annual dividend rates and other relative rights and preferences of the
         respective series and classes, shall determine in good faith will
         result in fair and equitable treatment among the respective series or
         classes.

         (b)     The Corporation shall not permit any subsidiary of the
Corporation to purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration any shares of
stock of the Corporation unless the Corporation could, under Section (a),
purchase or otherwise acquire such shares at such time and in such manner.

         Section 5.     REACQUIRED SHARES.  Any shares of Series A Preferred
Stock purchased or otherwise acquired by the Corporation in any manner
whatsoever shall be retired and cancelled promptly after the acquisition
thereof. All such shares shall upon their cancellation become authorized but
unissued shares of preferred stock, without designation as to series, and may be
reissued as part of a new series of preferred stock to be created by resolution
or resolutions of the Board of Directors, subject to the conditions and
restrictions on issuance set forth herein, in the Restated Certificate of
Incorporation, in any other certificate of designation creating a series of
preferred stock or any similar stock or as otherwise required by law.

         Section 6.     LIQUIDATION, DISSOLUTION OR WINDING UP.  Upon any
voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the
Corporation, no distribution shall be made (i) to the holders of shares of stock
ranking junior (either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or
winding up) to the Series A Preferred Stock unless, prior thereto, the holders
of shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall have received the higher of (x) $100
per share plus an amount equal to accrued and unpaid dividends and distributions
thereon, whether or not declared, to the date of such payment, or (y) an
aggregate amount per share, subject to the provision for adjustment hereinafter
set forth, equal to 100 times the aggregate amount to be distributed per share
to holders of Common Stock, or (ii) to the holders of stock ranking on a parity
(either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up) with the
Series A Preferred Stock, except distributions made ratably on the Series A
Preferred Stock and all other such parity stock in proportion to the total
amounts to which the holders of all such shares are entitled upon such
liquidation, dissolution or winding up. In the event the Corporation shall at
any time declare or pay any dividend on Common Stock payable in shares of Common
Stock, or effect a subdivision or combination or consolidation of the
outstanding shares of Common Stock (by reclassification or otherwise than by
payment of a dividend in shares of Common Stock) into a greater or lesser number
of shares of Common Stock, then in each such case the aggregate amount to which
holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock were entitled immediately prior to
such event under clause (i) of the preceding sentence shall be adjusted by
multiplying such amount by a fraction the numerator of which is the number of
shares of Common Stock


                                       A-7

<PAGE>



outstanding immediately after such event and the denominator of which is the
number of shares of Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to such
event.

         Section 7.     CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, ETC. In case the Corporation
shall enter into any consolidation, merger, combination or other transaction in
which the shares of Common Stock are exchanged for or changed into other stock
or securities, cash and/or any other property, or otherwise changed, then in any
such case each share of Series A Preferred Stock shall at the same time be
similarly exchanged or changed into an amount per share (subject to the
provision for adjustment hereinafter set forth) equal to 100 times the aggregate
amount of stock, securities, cash and/or any other property (payable in kind),
as the case may be, into which or for which each share of Common Stock is
changed or exchanged. In the event the Corporation shall at any time declare or
pay any dividend on Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, or effect a
subdivision or combination or consolidation of the outstanding shares of Common
Stock (by reclassification or otherwise than by payment of a dividend in shares
of Common Stock) into a greater or lesser number of shares of Common Stock, then
in each such case the amount set forth in the preceding sentence with respect to
the exchange or change of shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall be adjusted
by multiplying such amount by a fraction the numerator of which is the number of
shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event and the
denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock that were
outstanding immediately prior to such event.

         Section 8.     NO REDEMPTION.  The shares of Series A Preferred Stock
shall not be redeemable.

         Section 9.     RANK. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate
of Incorporation of the Corporation or a Certificate of Designation relating to
a subsequent series of preferred stock of the Corporation, the Series A
Preferred Stock shall rank junior to all other series of the Corporation's
preferred stock as to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets on
liquidation, dissolution or winding up, and senior to the Common Stock of this
Corporation.

         Section 10.    FRACTIONAL SHARES. Series A Preferred Stock may be
issued in fractions of a share which shall entitle the holder, in proportion to
such holder's fractional shares, to exercise voting rights, receive dividends,
participate in distributions and to have the benefit of all other rights of
holders of Series A Preferred Stock.




                                       A-8

<PAGE>



         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Certificate of Designation is executed on 
behalf of the Corporation by its President and attested by its Secretary 
this ___ day of _______________________.



                                                    ____________________________
                                                    President

                                                    ATTEST:

                                                    ____________________________
                                                    Secretary




                                       A-9

<PAGE>



                                    EXHIBIT B

                           [Form of Right Certificate]

Certificate No. R-______                                          ______ Rights

NOT EXERCISABLE AFTER THE EARLIER OF DECEMBER 15, 2008 AND THE DATE ON WHICH 
THE RIGHTS EVIDENCED HEREBY ARE REDEEMED OR EXCHANGED BY THE COMPANY AS SET 
FORTH IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT. AS SET FORTH IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT, RIGHTS 
ISSUED TO, OR HELD BY, ANY PERSON WHO IS, WAS OR BECOMES AN ACQUIRING PERSON OR
AN AFFILIATE OR ASSOCIATE THEREOF (AS SUCH TERMS ARE DEFINED IN THE RIGHTS 
AGREEMENT), WHETHER CURRENTLY HELD BY OR ON BEHALF OF SUCH PERSON OR BY ANY 
SUBSEQUENT HOLDER, MAY BE NULL AND VOID. [THE RIGHTS REPRESENTED BY THIS RIGHT 
CERTIFICATE ARE OR WERE BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY A PERSON WHO WAS OR BECAME AN 
ACQUIRING PERSON OR AN AFFILIATE OR AN ASSOCIATE OF AN ACQUIRING PERSON (AS 
SUCH TERMS ARE DEFINED IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT). THIS RIGHT CERTIFICATE AND THE
RIGHTS REPRESENTED HEREBY MAY BE OR MAY BECOME NULL AND VOID IN THE 
CIRCUMSTANCES SPECIFIED IN SECTION 7(e) OF THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT.]1


                                RIGHT CERTIFICATE

                        COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP.

         This certifies that _____________________________________ , or
registered assigns, is the registered owner of the number of Rights set forth
above, each of which entitles the owner thereof, subject to the terms,
provisions and conditions of the Rights Agreement, dated as of December 15, 
1998 (the "Rights Agreement"), between Comtech Telecommunications Corp., a 
Delaware corporation (the "Company"), and American Stock Transfer and Trust 
Company, a New York corporation (the "Rights Agent"), to purchase from the 
Company at any time after the Distribution Date (as defined in the Rights 
Agreement) and prior to the Expiration Date, one one-hundredth of a fully paid,
nonassessable share of the Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par 
value of $.10 (the "Preferred Stock"), of the Company, at a purchase price of 
$60 per one one-hundredth of a share of Preferred Stock (the "Purchase Price") 
upon presentation and surrender of this Right Certificate with the Form of 
Election to Purchase and related Certificate duly executed.

         Terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein have the meanings
assigned to them in the Rights Agreement.

________________________

1     If applicable, insert this portion of the legend and delete the
preceding sentence.



                                       B-1

<PAGE>



         The number of Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate (and the
number and kind of shares issuable upon exercise of each Right) set forth above
and the Purchase Price set forth above, are as of December 15, 1998, and may
have been, or in the future may be, adjusted as a result of the occurrence of
certain events, as more fully set forth in the Rights Agreement.

         Upon the occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event (as set forth in the
Rights Agreement), if the Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate are
beneficially owned by (i) an Acquiring person or an Affiliate or Associate of
any such Acquiring Person (as such terms are defined in the Rights Agreement),
(ii) a transferee of any such Acquiring Person, Associate or Affiliate, or 
(iii) under certain circumstances specified in the Rights Agreement, a 
transferee of a person who, after such transfer, became an Acquiring Person or 
an Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person, such Rights shall become null
and void and no holder thereof shall have any right with respect to such Rights
from and after the occurrence of such Section 11(a)(ii) Event.

         This Right Certificate is subject to all of the terms, provisions and
conditions of the Rights Agreement, which terms, provisions and conditions are
hereby incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof and to which
Rights Agreement reference is hereby made for a full description of the rights,
limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities hereunder of the
Rights Agent, the Company and the holders of the Right Certificates, which
limitations of Rights include the temporary suspension of the exercisability of
such Rights under the specific circumstances set forth in the Rights Agreement.

         Upon surrender at the principal office or offices of the Rights Agent
designated for such purpose and subject to the terms and conditions set forth 
in the Rights Agreement, any Rights Certificate or Certificates may be 
transferred or exchanged for another Rights Certificate or Certificates 
evidencing a like number of Rights as the Rights Certificate or Certificates 
surrendered.

         Subject to the provisions of the Rights Agreement, the Board of 
Directors of the Company may, at its option,

                 (a)    at any time prior to the earlier of (i) the time
         that any Person becomes an Acquiring Person or (ii) the Final
         Expiration Date, redeem all but not less than all the then outstanding
         Rights at a redemption price of $.01 per Right (subject to 
         adjustment); or

                 (b)    at any time after the time that any Person becomes
         an Acquiring Person (but before such Person, together with all
         Affiliates and Associates of such Person, becomes the Beneficial Owner
         of 50% or more of the Common Shares then outstanding), exchange all or
         part of the then outstanding Rights (other than Rights held by the
         Acquiring Person and certain related Persons) for Common Shares at an
         exchange ratio of one Common Share per Right (subject to adjustment).



                                       B-2

<PAGE>



         No fractional shares of Preferred Stock will be issued upon the
exercise of any Right or Rights evidenced hereby (other than fractions which 
are integral multiples of one one-hundredth of a share of Preferred Stock,
which may, at the election of the Company, be evidenced by depositary 
receipts); but in lieu thereof, a cash payment will be made, as provided in the
Rights Agreement.

         No holder of this Right Certificate as such shall be entitled to vote
or receive dividends or be deemed for any purpose the holder of Preferred Stock
or of any other securities of the Company which may at any time be issuable 
upon the exercise hereof, nor shall anything contained in the Rights Agreement
or herein be construed to confer upon the holder hereof, as such, any of the 
rights of a stockholder of the Company or any right to vote for the election of
directors upon any matter submitted to stockholders at any meeting thereof, or
to give or withhold consent to any corporate action, or to receive notice of
meetings or other actions affecting stockholders (except as provided in the
Rights Agreement), or to receive dividends or subscription rights, or 
otherwise, until the Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate have been 
exercised as provided in the Rights Agreement.

         This Right Certificate shall not be valid or obligatory for any 
purpose until it has been countersigned by the Rights Agent.

         WITNESS the facsimile signature of the proper officers of the Company
and its corporate seal.  Dated as of

Attest:                                        COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP.

By: _________________________                  By: ____________________________
Secretary                                      Title:

Countersigned:

[                            ]

By: _________________________
Authorized Signature


                                       B-3

<PAGE>



                   [Form of Reverse Side of Right Certificate]


                               FORM OF ASSIGNMENT

                (To be executed by the registered holder if such
               holder desires to transfer the Right Certificate.)

FOR VALUE RECEIVED ___________________________ hereby sells, assigns and 
transfers unto ________________________________________________________________
                  (Please print name and address of transferee)

this Right Certificate, together with all right, title and interest therein, 
and does hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint
__________________________________________________ Attorney, to transfer the
Right Certificate on the books of the Company named within, with full power of
substitution.

Dated: ______________________          Signature __________________________


Signature Guaranteed:



                                       B-4

<PAGE>



                                   CERTIFICATE

The undersigned hereby certifies by checking the appropriate boxes that:

         (1)     this Right Certificate [ ] is [ ] is not being sold,
assigned and transferred by or on behalf of a Person who is or was an Acquiring
Person or an Affiliate or Associate of any Acquiring Person (as such terms are
defined pursuant to the Rights Agreement);

         (2)     after due inquiry and to the best knowledge of the
undersigned, it [ ] did [ ] did not acquire the Rights evidenced by this Right
Certificate from any Person who is, was or subsequently became an Acquiring
Person or an Affiliate or Associate of any Acquiring Person.

Dated: ______________________          Signature __________________________

Signature Guaranteed:




                                     NOTICE

The signature to the foregoing Assignment and Certificate must correspond to the
name as written upon the face of this Right Certificate in every particular,
without alteration or enlargement or any change whatsoever.


                                       B-5

<PAGE>



                          FORM OF ELECTION TO PURCHASE

(To be executed if holder desires to exercise Rights represented by the Right
Certificate.)

To:      COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP.

         The undersigned hereby irrevocably elects to exercise ________________
Rights represented by this Right Certificate to purchase the one one-hundredths
of a share of Preferred Stock (or such other number or kind of securities of 
the Company or of any other person which may be issuable upon the exercise of
such Rights) and requests that certificates for such shares be issued in the 
name of:

Please insert social security or other identifying number _____________________

- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (Please print name and address)

Should the number of Rights being exercised hereunder not be all the Rights
evidenced by this Right Certificate, a new Right Certificate for the balance
remaining of such Rights shall be registered in the name of and delivered to:

Please insert social security or other identifying number _____________________

- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         (Please print name and address)


Dated:                     Signature: _________________________________________
                           (Signature must conform in all respects to the name
                           of the holder as specified on the face of this Right
                           Certificate)

Signature Guaranteed:



                                       B-6

<PAGE>



                                   CERTIFICATE

The undersigned hereby certifies by checking the appropriate boxes that:

         (1)     the Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate [ ] are [ ]
are not being exercised by or on behalf of a Person who is or was an Acquiring
Person or an Affiliate or Associate of any Acquiring Person (as such terms are
defined pursuant to the Rights Agreement);

         (2)     after due inquiry and to the best knowledge of the
undersigned, it [ ] did [ ] did not acquire the Rights evidenced by this Right
Certificate from any Person who is, was or subsequently became an Acquiring
Person or an Affiliate or Associate of any Acquiring Person.

Dated: ___________________                    _________________________________
                                              Signature


Signature Guaranteed:




                                     NOTICE

         The signature to the foregoing Election to Purchase and Certificate
must correspond to the name as written upon the face of this Right Certificate
in every particular, without alteration or enlargement or any change 
whatsoever.



                                       B-7

<PAGE>



                                    EXHIBIT C

                  SUMMARY OF RIGHTS TO PURCHASE PREFERRED STOCK

         On December 15, 1998, the Board of Directors of Comtech
Telecommunications Corp. (the "COMPANY") declared a dividend distribution of 
one preferred stock purchase right (a "RIGHT") for each outstanding share of 
Common Stock, $.01 par value, of the Company (the "COMMON STOCK"), payable to 
the stockholders of record on January 4, 1999 (the "RECORD DATE"). The Board of
Directors also authorized and directed the issuance of one Right with respect 
to each Share of Common Stock issued thereafter until the Distribution Date (as
defined below) and, in certain circumstances, with respect to shares of Common
Stock issued after the Distribution Date.

         Except as set forth below, each Right, when it becomes exercisable,
entitles the registered holder to purchase one one-hundredth of a share of
Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, $.10 par value (the "PREFERRED
STOCK"), at a price of $60, subject to adjustment (the "PURCHASE PRICE"). The
description and terms of the Rights are set forth in a Rights Agreement (the
"RIGHTS AGREEMENT") between the Company and American Stock Transfer and Trust
Company, as Rights Agent (the "RIGHTS AGENT"), dated as of December 15, 1998.

         Initially, the Rights will be attached to all certificates representing
shares of Common Stock then outstanding, and no separate Right Certificates will
be distributed. The Rights will separate from the shares of Common Stock upon
the earliest to occur of (i) a person or entity (a "PERSON") or group of
affiliated or associated Persons (a "GROUP") having acquired beneficial
ownership of 15% or more of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (except
pursuant to a Permitted Offer, as hereinafter defined); or (ii) 10 business days
(or such later date as the Board of Directors may determine) following the
commencement of, or announcement of an intention to make, a tender offer or
exchange offer the consummation of which would result in a Person or Group
becoming an Acquiring Person (as hereinafter defined) (the earliest of such
dates being called the "DISTRIBUTION DATE"). A Person or Group whose acquisition
of shares of Common Stock causes a Distribution Date pursuant to clause (i)
above is an "ACQUIRING PERSON." The date that a Person or Group becomes an
Acquiring Person is the "SHARES ACQUISITION DATE."

         Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any stockholders own in excess of
15% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock at the time the plan is adopted,
they and their affiliates and associates ("GRANDFATHERED STOCKHOLDERS") will not
be deemed to be Acquiring Persons and their ownership will not cause a
Distribution Date. Any such Grandfathered Stockholder will, however, be deemed
to be Acquiring Persons at any time that they beneficially own any shares of
Common Stock other than (i) any shares beneficially owned by them on the date of
the Rights Agreement and (ii) any shares beneficially owned by them as a result
of a stock dividend, stock split or reclassification. No transferee of any
Grandfathered Stockholder may, immediately after such transfer, beneficially own
more than 15% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock.



                                       C-1

<PAGE>



         In addition, a Person who acquires shares of Common Stock pursuant to a
tender or exchange offer which is for all outstanding shares of Common Stock at
a price and on terms which the Board of Directors determines (prior to
acquisition) to be adequate and in the best interests of the Company and its
stockholders (other than such Person, its affiliates and associates) (a
"PERMITTED OFFER") will not be deemed to be an Acquiring Person and such
Person's ownership will not constitute a Distribution Date.

         The shares of Preferred Stock purchasable upon exercise of the Rights
will have a minimum preferential quarterly dividend of $1.00 per share, but will
be entitled to receive, in the aggregate, a dividend of 100 times the dividend
declared on the shares of Common Stock. In the event of liquidation, the holders
of the shares of Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive a minimum
liquidation payment of $100 per share, but will be entitled to receive an
aggregate liquidation payment equal to 100 times the payment made per share of
Common Stock. Each share of Preferred Stock will have one hundred votes, voting
together with the shares of Common Stock. In the event of any merger,
consolidation or other transaction in which shares of Common Stock are
exchanged, each share of Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive 100 times
the amount and type of consideration received per share of Common Stock. The
rights of the shares of Preferred Stock as to dividends and liquidation, and in
the event of mergers and consolidation, are protected by customary anti-dilution
provisions.

         The Rights Agreement provides that, until the Distribution Date, the
Rights will be transferred with and only with the shares of Common Stock. Until
the Distribution Date (or earlier redemption or expiration of the Rights), new
Common Stock certificates issued after the Record Date upon the transfer or new
issuance of shares of Common Stock will contain a notation incorporating the
Rights Agreement by reference. Until the Distribution Date (or earlier
redemption or expiration of the Rights), the surrender for transfer of any
certificates for shares of Common Stock outstanding as of the Record Date, even
without such notation or a copy of this Summary of Rights being attached
thereto, will also constitute the transfer of the Rights associated with the
shares of Common Stock represented by such certificate. As soon as practicable
following the Distribution Date, separate certificates evidencing the Rights
("RIGHT CERTIFICATES") will be mailed to holders of record of the Common Stock
as of the close of business on the Distribution Date (and to each initial record
holder of certain shares of Common Stock issued after the Distribution Date),
and such separate Right Certificates alone will evidence the Rights.

         THE RIGHTS ARE NOT EXERCISABLE UNTIL THE DISTRIBUTION DATE, and will
expire at the close of business on December 15, 2008, unless earlier redeemed by
the Company as described below.

         In the event that any person becomes an Acquiring Person, each holder
of Rights (other than Rights that have become null and void as described below)
will thereafter have the right (the "FLIP-IN RIGHT") to receive, upon exercise
of such Rights, the number of shares of Common Stock (or, in certain
circumstances, other securities of the Company) having a value (immediately
prior to such triggering event) equal to two times the aggregate exercise price
of


                                       C-2

<PAGE>



such Rights. For example, if a Person became an Acquiring person at a time when
the current per share market price of the Company's Common Stock is $10 and the
Purchase Price was $60, each holder of a Right (other than a Right which has
become null and void as described herein) would have the right to receive twelve
shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Right and payment of the Purchase
Price of $60.

         The Board, at its option, may exchange each Right (other than those
that have become null and void as described below) for one share of Common Stock
in lieu of the Flip-In Right, provided no Person is the beneficial owner of 50%
or more of the shares of Common Stock at the time of such exchange.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, following the occurrence of the event described
above, all Rights that are or (under certain circumstances specified in the
Rights Agreement) were beneficially owned by any Acquiring Person or any
affiliate or associate thereof or certain transferees thereof will be null and
void.

         In the event that, at any time following the Shares Acquisition Date,
(i) the Company is acquired in a merger or other business combination
transaction in which the holders of all of the outstanding shares of Common
Stock immediately prior to the consummation of the transaction are not the
holders of all of the surviving corporation's voting power, or (ii) more than
50% of the Company's assets or earning power is sold or transferred, then each
holder of Rights (except Rights which previously have been voided as set forth
above) shall thereafter have the right (the "FLIP-OVER RIGHT") to receive, upon
exercise of such Rights, shares of Common Stock of the acquiring company (or in
certain circumstances, its parent) having a value equal to two times the
aggregate exercise price of the Rights. The Flip-Over Right shall not apply to
any transaction described in clause (i) if such transaction is with a Person or
Persons (or a wholly owned subsidiary of any such Person or Persons) that
acquired shares of Common Stock pursuant to a Permitted Offer and the price and
form of consideration offered in such transaction is the same as that paid to
all holders of Common Stock whose shares were purchased pursuant to the
Permitted Offer. The holder of a Right will continue to have the Flip-Over Right
whether or not such holder exercises or surrenders the Flip-In Right.

         The Purchase Price payable, and the number of shares of Common Stock or
other securities issuable, upon exercise of the Rights are subject to adjustment
from time to time to prevent dilution (i) in the event of a stock dividend on,
or a subdivision, combination or reclassification of, the Common Stock, (ii)
upon the grant to holders of the Common Stock of certain rights or warrants to
subscribe for or purchase shares of Common Stock at a price, or securities
convertible into shares of Common Stock with a conversion price, less than the
then current market price of the Common Stock, or (iii) upon the distribution to
holders of the Common Stock of evidences of indebtedness or assets (excluding
regular quarterly cash dividends) or of subscription rights or warrants (other
than those referred to above).

         With certain exceptions, no adjustment in the Purchase Price will be
required until cumulative adjustments require an adjustment of at least 1% in
such Purchase Price. No fractional shares of Common Stock will be issued and, in
lieu thereof, an adjustment in cash will


                                       C-3

<PAGE>



be made based on the market price of the Common Stock on the last trading day
prior to the date of exercise.

         At any time prior to the earlier to occur of (i) a person becoming an
Acquiring Person or (ii) the expiration of the Rights, the Company may redeem
the Rights in whole, but not in part, at a price of $.01 per Right (the
"REDEMPTION PRICE"), which redemption shall be effective at such time, on such
basis and with such conditions as the Board of Directors may establish in its
sole discretion. The Company may, at its option, pay the Redemption Price in
Common Stock.

         All of the provisions of the Rights Agreement may be amended by the
Board of Directors prior to the Distribution Date. After the Distribution Date,
the provisions of the Rights Agreement may be amended by the Board in order to
cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency, to make changes which do not
adversely affect the interests of holders of Rights (excluding the interests of
any Acquiring Person), or, subject to certain limitations, to shorten or
lengthen any time period under the Rights Agreement.

         Until a Right is exercised, the holder thereof, as such, will have no
rights as a stockholder of the Company, including, without limitation, the right
to vote or to receive dividends. While the distribution of the Rights will not
be taxable to stockholders of the Company, stockholders may, depending upon the
circumstances, recognize taxable income should the Rights become exercisable or
upon the occurrence of certain events thereafter.

         A copy of the Rights Agreement has been filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission as an Exhibit to a Registration Statement on Form 8-A. A
copy of the Rights Agreement is available free of charge from the Company. This
summary description of the Rights does not purport to be complete and is
qualified in its entirety by reference to the Rights Agreement, which is
incorporated herein by reference.



                                       C-4

<PAGE>



                                      INDEX

Section 1.     CERTAIN DEFINITIONS ............................................1

Section 2.     APPOINTMENT OF RIGHTS AGENT ....................................5

Section 3.     ISSUE OF RIGHT CERTIFICATES ....................................5

Section 4.     FORM OF RIGHT CERTIFICATES .....................................7

Section 5.     COUNTERSIGNATURE AND REGISTRATION ..............................8

Section 6.     TRANSFER, SPLIT UP, COMBINATION AND EXCHANGE OF RIGHT 
               CERTIFICATES; MUTILATED, DESTROYED, LOST OR STOLEN 
               RIGHT CERTIFICATES .............................................8

Section 7.     EXERCISE OF RIGHTS; PURCHASE PRICE; EXPIRATION DATE 
               OF RIGHTS ......................................................9

Section 8.     CANCELLATION AND DESTRUCTION OF RIGHT CERTIFICATES ............11

Section 9.     RESERVATION AND AVAILABILITY OF CAPITAL STOCK .................11

Section 10.    PREFERRED STOCK RECORD DATE ...................................12

Section 11.    ADJUSTMENT OF PURCHASE PRICE, NUMBER OF SHARES OR 
               NUMBER OF RIGHTS ..............................................13

Section 12.    CONSOLIDATION, MERGER OR SALE OR TRANSFER OF ASSETS 
               OR EARNING POWER ..............................................20

Section 13.    CERTIFICATE OF ADJUSTED PURCHASE PRICE OR NUMBER OF 
               SHARES ........................................................23

Section 14.    FRACTIONAL RIGHTS AND FRACTIONAL SHARES .......................24

Section 15.    RIGHTS OF ACTION ..............................................25

Section 16.    AGREEMENT OF RIGHT HOLDERS ....................................25

Section 17.    RIGHT HOLDER AND RIGHT CERTIFICATE HOLDER NOT DEEMED 
               A STOCKHOLDER .................................................26

Section 18.    CONCERNING THE RIGHTS AGENT ...................................26

Section 19.    MERGER OR CONSOLIDATION OR CHANGE OF NAME OF RIGHTS 
               AGENT .........................................................27

Section 20.    DUTIES OF RIGHTS AGENT ........................................27



                                    (i)

<PAGE>


Section 21.    CHANGE OF RIGHTS AGENT ........................................29

Section 22.    ISSUANCE OF NEW RIGHT CERTIFICATES ............................30

Section 23.    REDEMPTION ....................................................30

Section 24.    EXCHANGE ......................................................31

Section 25.    NOTICE OF CERTAIN EVENTS ......................................32

Section 26.    NOTICES .......................................................33

Section 27.    SUPPLEMENTS AND AMENDMENTS ....................................34

Section 28.    SUCCESSORS ....................................................34

Section 29.    DETERMINATIONS AND ACTIONS BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS ..........34

Section 30.    BENEFITS OF THIS AGREEMENT ....................................35

Section 31.    SEVERABILITY ..................................................35

Section 32.    GOVERNING LAW .................................................35

Section 33.    COUNTERPARTS ..................................................35

Section 34.    DESCRIPTIVE HEADINGS ..........................................36

Exhibit A ...................................................................A-1

Exhibit B ...................................................................B-1

Exhibit C ...................................................................C-1



                                      (ii)

<PAGE>





© 2022 IncJournal is not affiliated with or endorsed by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission