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Exhibit 3.2
RESTATED
BY-LAWS
OF
Continental Information Systems Corporation
A New York Corporation
ARTICLE I
OFFICES
SECTION 1. REGISTERED OFFICE. The registered office of the corporation
in the State of New York shall be located at 4 Central Avenue, Albany, New York,
County of Albany. The name of the corporation's registered agent at such address
shall be Corporation Service Company. The registered office and/or registered
agent of the corporation may be changed from time to time by action of the board
of directors.
SECTION 2. OTHER OFFICES. The corporation may also have offices at such
other places, both within and without the State of New York, as the board of
directors may from time to time determine or the business of the corporation may
require.
ARTICLE II
MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS
SECTION 1. PLACE AND TIME OF MEETINGS. An annual meeting of the
shareholders shall be held each year within one hundred fifty (150) days after
the close of the immediately preceding fiscal year of the corporation for the
purpose of electing directors and conducting such other proper business as may
come before the meeting. The date, time and place of the annual meeting shall be
determined by the president of the corporation; provided, that if the president
does not act, the board of directors shall determine the date, time and place of
such meeting.
SECTION 2. SPECIAL MEETINGS. Special meetings of shareholders may be
called for any purpose and may be held at such time and place, within or without
the State of New York, as shall be stated in a notice of meeting or in a duly
executed waiver of notice thereof. Such meetings may be called at any time by
the board of directors, the president or the holders of shares entitled to cast
not less than 50 percent of the votes at the meeting.
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SECTION 3. PLACE OF MEETINGS. The board of directors may designate any
place, either within or without the State of New York, as the place of meeting
for any annual meeting or for any special meeting called by the board of
directors. If no designation is made, or if a special meeting be otherwise
called, the place of meeting shall be the principal executive office of the
corporation.
SECTION 4. NOTICE. Whenever shareholders are required or permitted to
take action at a meeting, written or printed notice stating the place, date,
time, and, in the case of special meetings, the purpose or purposes, of such
meeting, shall be given to each shareholder entitled to vote at such meeting not
less than 10 nor more than 50 days before the date of the meeting. All such
notices shall be delivered, either personally or by mail, by or at the direction
of the board of directors, the president or the secretary, and if mailed, such
notice shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited in the United States mail,
postage prepaid, addressed to the shareholder at his, her or its address as the
same appears on the records of the corporation.
SECTION 5. BOOKS AND RECORDS. The corporation shall keep correct and
complete books and records of account and shall keep minutes of the proceedings
of its shareholders, board of directors and executive committee, if any, and
shall keep at the office of the Corporation in New York or at the office of its
transfer agent or registrar in New York, a record containing the names and
addresses of all shareholders, the number and class of shares held by each and
the dates when they respectively became the owners of record thereof. Any person
who shall have been a shareholder of record of a corporation for at least six
months immediately preceding his demand, or any person holding, or thereunto
authorized in writing by the holders of, at least five percent of any class of
the outstanding shares, upon at least five days written demand shall have the
right to examine in person or by agent or attorney, during usual business hours,
its minutes of the proceedings of shareholders and to make extracts therefrom.
SECTION 6. FIXING A RECORD DATE. For the purpose of determining the
shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of shareholders or
any adjournment thereof, or to express consent to or dissent from any proposal
without a meeting, or for the purpose of determining shareholders entitled to
receive payment of any dividend or the allotment of any rights, or for the
purpose of any other action, the board of directors may fix, in advance, a date
as the record date for any such determination of shareholders, such date shall
not be more than fifty nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting,
nor more than fifty days prior to any other action. If no record date is fixed
by the board of directors, (i) the record date for the determination of
shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of shareholders shall
be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is
given, or, if no notice is given, the day on which the meeting is held, or (ii)
the record date for determining shareholders for any other purpose other than
the determination of shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting
of shareholders, shall be at the close of business on the day on which the
resolution of the board relating thereto is adopted. A
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determination of shareholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at any
meeting of shareholders shall apply to any adjournment thereof, unless the board
of directors fixes a new record date for the adjourned meeting. The officer or
agent of the corporation having charge of the books of the corporation shall
make, not more than fifty but not less than ten days before the date of such
meeting or such action, a complete list of the shareholders of the corporation.
SECTION 7. QUORUM. The holders of a majority of the outstanding shares
of capital stock, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a
quorum at all meetings of the shareholders, except as otherwise provided by
statute or by the certificate of incorporation. If a quorum is not present, the
holders of a majority of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at
the meeting, and entitled to vote at the meeting, may adjourn the meeting to
another time and/or place.
SECTION 8. ADJOURNED MEETINGS. When a meeting is adjourned to another
time and place, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time
and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is
taken. At the adjourned meeting the corporation may transact any business which
might have been transacted at the original meeting. If after the adjournment,
the board of directors fixes a new record date for the adjourned meeting, a
notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each shareholder of record
entitled to such notice.
SECTION 9. VOTE REQUIRED. When a quorum is present, the affirmative
vote of the majority of shares present in person or represented by proxy at the
meeting and entitled to vote on the subject matter shall be the act of the
shareholders, unless the question is one upon which by express provisions of an
applicable law or of the certificate of incorporation a different vote is
required, in which case such express provision shall govern and control the
decision of such question.
SECTION 10. VOTING RIGHTS. Except as otherwise provided by the Business
Corporation Law of the State of New York or by the certificate of incorporation
of the corporation or any amendments thereto and subject to Section 3 of Article
VI hereof, every shareholder of record shall at every meeting of the
shareholders be entitled to one vote in person or by proxy for each share of
common stock held by such shareholder.
SECTION 11. PROXIES. Each shareholder entitled to vote at a meeting of
shareholders or to express consent or dissent to corporate action in writing
without a meeting may authorize another person or persons to act for him or her
by proxy, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after eleven months
from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. A duly executed
proxy shall be irrevocable if it states that it is irrevocable and if, and only
as long as, it is coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an
irrevocable power. Any proxy is suspended when the person executing the proxy is
present at a meeting of shareholders and elects to vote,
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except that when such proxy is coupled with an interest and the fact of the
interest appears on the face of the proxy, the agent named in the proxy shall
have all voting and other rights referred to in the proxy, notwithstanding the
presence of the person executing the proxy.
SECTION 12. ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT. Unless otherwise provided in the
certificate of incorporation, whenever shareholders are required or permitted to
take any action by vote, such action may be taken without a meeting on written
consent, setting forth the action so taken, signed by the holders of all
outstanding shares that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a
meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted and
shall be delivered to the corporation by delivery to its registered office in
the State of New York, or the corporation's principal place of business, or an
officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book or books in which
proceedings of meetings of shareholders are recorded or written consents in lieu
of meetings are kept. All consents properly delivered in accordance with this
section shall be deemed to be recorded when delivered. Any action taken pursuant
to such written consent or consents of the shareholders shall have the same
force and effect as if taken by the shareholders at a meeting thereof.
ARTICLE III
DIRECTORS
SECTION 1. GENERAL POWERS. The business and affairs of the corporation
shall be managed by or under the direction of the board of directors.
SECTION 2. NUMBER, ELECTION AND TERM OF OFFICE. The number of directors
which shall constitute the Board of Directors shall be six (6). The number of
directors shall be established from time to time by resolution of the board of
directors and subject to the limitation by statute. Each director elected shall
hold office until a successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her
earlier death, resignation or removal as hereinafter provided. The chief
executive officer of the corporation shall be a member of the board of
directors.
SECTION 3. REMOVAL AND RESIGNATION. Any director or the entire board of
directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the holders of a
majority of the shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors.
Whenever the holders of any class or series are entitled to elect one or more
directors by the provisions of the corporation's certificate of incorporation,
the provisions of this section shall apply, in respect to the removal without
cause of a director or directors so elected, to the vote of the holders of the
outstanding shares of that class or series and not to the vote of the
outstanding shares as a whole.
SECTION 4. VACANCIES. Newly created directorships resulting from an
increase in the number of directors and vacancies occurring on the board for any
reason, except the removal of directors without cause,
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may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, even if such number
is less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. Vacancies created by the
removal of a director or directors without cause shall be filled by a majority
vote of the holders of the Corporation's stock entitled to vote thereon, except
as provided in the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the corporation,
filed with the Secretary of State on December 21, 1994. Each director so chosen
shall hold office until a successor is duly elected and qualified or until his
or her earlier death, resignation or removal as herein provided.
SECTION 5. ANNUAL MEETINGS. The annual meeting of each newly elected
board of directors shall be held without other notice than by this by-law
immediately after, and at the same place as, the annual meeting of shareholders.
SECTION 6. OTHER MEETINGS AND NOTICE. Regular meetings, other than the
annual meeting, of the board of directors may be held without notice at such
time and at such place as shall from time to time be determined by resolution of
the board of directors. Special meetings of the board of directors may be called
by or at the request of the president or any director on at least 24 hours
notice to each director, either personally, by telephone, by mail or by
telegraph.
SECTION 7. QUORUM, REQUIRED VOTE AND ADJOURNMENT. A majority of the
total number of directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of
business. The vote of a majority of directors present at a meeting at which a
quorum is present shall be the act of the board of directors. If a quorum shall
not be present at any meeting of the board of directors, the directors present
thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than
announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.
SECTION 8. COMMITTEES. The board of directors, by resolution passed by
a majority of the entire board of directors, may designate from among its
members an executive committee and other committees, which to the extent
provided in such resolution or these by-laws shall have all the authority of the
board of directors except as otherwise limited by law. The board of directors
may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who
may replace any absent or disqualified member or members at any meeting of the
committee. Such committee or committees shall have such name or names as may be
determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the board of directors.
Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to
the board of directors when required.
SECTION 9. COMMITTEE RULES. Each committee of the board of directors
may fix its own rules of procedure and shall hold its meetings as provided by
such rules, except as may otherwise be provided by a resolution of the board of
directors designating such committee. Unless otherwise provided in such a
resolution, the presence of at least a majority of the members of the committee
shall be necessary to constitute a quorum. In the event that a member and that
member's alternate, if alternates are designated by the board of directors as
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provided in Section 8 of this Article III, of such committee is or are absent or
disqualified, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not
disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a
quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the board of directors to act
at the meeting in place of any such absent or disqualified member.
SECTION 10. WAIVER OF NOTICE AND PRESUMPTION OF ASSENT. Any member of
the board of directors or any committee thereof who is present at a meeting
shall be conclusively presumed to have waived notice of such meeting except when
such member attends for the express purpose of objecting prior to the conclusion
of the meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not
lawfully called or convened. Such member shall be conclusively presumed to have
assented to any action taken unless his or her dissent shall be entered in the
minutes of the meeting or unless his or her written dissent to such action shall
be filed with the person acting as the secretary of the meeting before the
adjournment thereof or shall be forwarded by registered mail to the secretary of
the corporation immediately after the adjournment of the meeting. Such right to
dissent shall not apply to any member who voted in favor of such action.
SECTION 11. ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT. Unless otherwise restricted by
the certificate of incorporation or these by-laws, any action required or
permitted to be taken at any meeting of the board of directors, or of any
committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if all members of the board of
directors or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing to the
adoption of a resolution authorizing the action, and the writing or writings are
filed with the minutes of proceedings of the board or committee.
SECTION 12. TELEPHONIC PARTICIPATION IN MEETINGS. Any one or more
members of the board of directors or any committee thereof may participate in a
meeting of such board or committee by means of a conference telephone or similar
communications equipment allowing all persons participating in the meeting to
hear each other at the same time.
ARTICLE IV
OFFICERS
SECTION 1. NUMBER. The officers of the corporation shall be elected by
the board of directors and shall consist of a chairman of the board of
directors, a president, one or more vice presidents, a secretary, a treasurer,
and such other officers and assistant officers as may be deemed necessary or
desirable by the board of directors. Any number of offices may be held by the
same person except the offices of president and secretary. In its discretion,
the board of directors may choose not to fill any office for any period as it
may deem advisable.
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SECTION 2. ELECTION AND TERM OF OFFICE. The officers of the corporation
shall be elected annually by the board of directors at its first meeting held
after each annual meeting of shareholders or as soon thereafter as is
convenient. The president shall appoint other officers to serve for such terms
as he or she deems desirable. Vacancies may be filled or new offices created and
filled at any meeting of the board of directors. Each officer shall hold office
until a successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier
death, resignation or removal as hereinafter provided.
SECTION 3. REMOVAL. Any officer or agent elected by the board of
directors may be removed by the board of directors whenever in its judgment the
best interests of the corporation would be served thereby, but such removal
shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so
removed.
SECTION 4. VACANCIES. Any vacancy occurring in any office because of
death, resignation, removal, disqualification or otherwise, may be filled by the
board of directors for the unexpired portion of the term by the board of
directors then in office.
SECTION 5. COMPENSATION. Compensation of all officers shall be fixed by
the board of directors, and no officer shall be prevented from receiving such
compensation by virtue of his or her also being a director of the corporation.
SECTION 6. CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. The chairman of the
board of directors shall preside at all meetings of the board of directors and
shall have such powers and perform such duties as may be prescribed by the board
of directors or provided in these by-laws. Whenever the president is unable to
serve, by reason of sickness, absence or otherwise, the chairman of the board of
directors shall perform all the duties and responsibilities and exercise all the
powers of the president.
SECTION 7. THE PRESIDENT. The president shall be the chief executive
officer of the corporation; shall preside at all meetings of the shareholders at
which he or she is present; subject to the powers of the board of directors,
shall be in the general and active charge of the business, affairs and property
of the corporation, and control over its officers, agents and employees; and
shall see that all orders and resolutions of the board of directors are carried
into effect. The president shall preside at all meetings of the board of
directors at which the chairman is not present and shall have such other powers
and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors or
as may be provided in these by-laws.
SECTION 8. VICE PRESIDENTS. The vice president, or if there shall be
more than one, the vice presidents in the order determined by the board of
directors, shall, in the absence or disability of the president, act with all of
the powers and be subject to all the restrictions of the president. The vice
presidents shall also perform such other duties and have such other powers as
the board of directors, the president or these by-laws may, from time to time,
prescribe.
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SECTION 9. THE SECRETARY AND ASSISTANT SECRETARIES. The secretary shall
attend all meetings of the board of directors, all meetings of the committees
thereof and all meetings of the shareholders and record all the proceedings of
the meetings in a book or books to be kept for that purpose. Under the
president's supervision, the secretary shall give, or cause to be given, all
notices required to be given by these by-laws or by law; shall have such powers
and perform such duties as the board of directors, the president or these
by-laws may, from time to time, prescribe; and shall have custody of the
corporate seal of the corporation. The secretary, or an assistant secretary,
shall have authority to affix the corporate seal to any instrument requiring it
and when so affixed, it may be attested by his or her signature or by the
signature of such assistant secretary. The board of directors may give general
authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the corporation and to
attest the affixing by his or her signature. The assistant secretary, or if
there be more than one, the assistant secretaries in the order determined by the
board of directors, shall, in the absence or disability of the secretary,
perform the duties and exercise the powers of the secretary and shall perform
such other duties and have such other powers as the board of directors, the
president, or secretary may, from time to time, prescribe.
SECTION 10. THE TREASURER AND ASSISTANT TREASURER. The treasurer shall
have the custody of the corporate funds and securities; shall keep full and
accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the
corporation; shall deposit all monies and other valuable effects in the name and
to the credit of the corporation as may be ordered by the board of directors;
shall cause the funds of the corporation to be disbursed when such disbursements
have been duly authorized, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements; and
shall render to the president and the board of directors, at its regular meeting
or when the board of directors so requires, an account of the corporation; shall
have such powers and perform such duties as the board of directors, the
president or these by-laws may, from time to time, prescribe. If required by the
board of directors, the treasurer shall give the corporation a bond (which shall
be rendered every six years) in such sums and with such surety or sureties as
shall be satisfactory to the board of directors for the faithful performance of
the duties of the office of treasurer and for the restoration to the
corporation, in case of death, resignation, retirement, or removal from office,
of all books, papers, vouchers, money, and other property of whatever kind in
the possession or under the control of the treasurer belonging to the
corporation. The assistant treasurer, or if there shall be more than one, the
assistant treasurers in the order determined by the board of directors, shall in
the absence or disability of the treasurer, perform the duties and exercise the
powers of the treasurer. The assistant treasurers shall perform such other
duties and have such other powers as the board of directors, the president or
treasurer may, from time to time, prescribe.
SECTION 11. OTHER OFFICERS, ASSISTANT OFFICERS AND AGENTS. Officers,
assistant officers and agents, if any, other than those whose
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duties are provided for in these by-laws, shall have such authority and perform
such duties as may from time to time be prescribed by resolution of the board of
directors.
SECTION 12. ABSENCE OR DISABILITY OF OFFICERS. In the case of the
absence or disability of any officer of the corporation and of any person hereby
authorized to act in such officer's place during such officer's absence or
disability, the board of directors may by resolution delegate the powers and
duties of such officer to any other officer or to any director, or to any other
person whom it may select.
ARTICLE V
INDEMNIFICATION OF OFFICERS, DIRECTORS AND OTHERS
SECTION 1. NATURE OF INDEMNITY. Each person who was or is made a party
or is threatened to be made a party to or is involved in any action, suit or
proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative
(hereinafter a "proceeding"), by reason of the fact that he or she, or a person
of whom he or she is the legal representative is or was a director or officer of
the corporation or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a
director, officer, employee, fiduciary, or agent of another corporation or of a
partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall be indemnified and
held harmless by the corporation to the fullest extent which it is empowered to
do so unless prohibited from doing so by the Business Corporation Law of the
State of New York, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the
case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the
corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than said law permitted
the corporation to provide prior to such amendment) against all expense,
liability and loss (including attorneys' fees actually and reasonably incurred
by such person in connection with such proceeding and such indemnification shall
inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, executors and administrators;
provided, however, that, except as provided in Section 2 hereof, the corporation
shall indemnify any such person seeking indemnification in connection with a
proceeding initiated by such person only if such proceeding was authorized by
the board of directors of the corporation. The right to indemnification
conferred in this Article V shall be a contract right and, subject to Sections 2
and 5 hereof, shall include the right to be paid by the corporation the expenses
incurred in defending any such proceeding in advance of its final disposition.
The corporation may, by action of its board of directors, provide
indemnification to employees and agents of the corporation with the same scope
and effect as the foregoing indemnification of directors and officers.
SECTION 2. PROCEDURE FOR INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS. Any
indemnification of a director or officer of the corporation under Section 1 of
this Article V or advance of expenses under Section 5 of this Article V shall be
made promptly, and in any event within 30 days, upon the written request of the
director or officer. If a determination by the corporation that the director or
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officer is entitled to indemnification pursuant to this Article V is required,
and the corporation fails to respond within sixty days to a written request for
indemnity, the corporation shall be deemed to have approved the request. If the
corporation denies a written request for indemnification or advancing of
expenses, in whole or in part, or if payment in full pursuant to such request is
not made within 30 days, the right to indemnification or advances as granted by
this Article V shall be enforceable by the director or officer in any court of
competent jurisdiction. Such person's costs and expenses incurred in connection
with successfully establishing his or her right to indemnification, in whole or
in part, in any such action shall also be indemnified by the corporation. It
shall be a defense to any such action (other than an action brought to enforce a
claim for expenses incurred in defending any proceeding in advance of its final
disposition where the required undertaking, if any, has been tendered to the
corporation) that the claimant has not met the standards of conduct which make
it permissible under the Business Corporation Law of the State of New York for
the corporation to indemnify the claimant for the amount claimed, but the burden
of such defense shall be on the corporation. Neither the failure of the
corporation (including its board of directors, independent legal counsel, or its
shareholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such
action that indemnification of the claimant is proper in the circumstances
because he or she has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the
Business Corporation Law of the State of New York, nor an actual determination
by the corporation (including its board of directors, independent legal counsel,
or its shareholders) that the claimant has not met such applicable standard of
conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that the
claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct.
SECTION 3. ARTICLE NOT EXCLUSIVE. The rights to indemnification granted
and the payment of expenses incurred in defending a proceeding in advance of its
final disposition conferred in this Article V shall not be exclusive of any
other right which any person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute,
provision of the certificate of incorporation, by-law, agreement, vote of
shareholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.
SECTION 4. INSURANCE. The corporation may purchase and maintain
insurance on its behalf and on behalf of any person who is or was a director,
officer, employee, fiduciary, or agent of the corporation or was serving at the
request of the corporation as a director, officer, employer or agent of another
corporation, partnership, joint venture trust, or other enterprise against any
liability asserted against him or her and incurred by him or her in any such
capacity, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify such
person against such liability under this Article V.
SECTION 5. EXPENSES. Expenses incurred by any person described in
Section 1 of this Article V in defending a proceeding shall be paid by the
corporation in advance of such proceeding's final disposition unless otherwise
determined by the board of directors in the specific case upon receipt of an
undertaking by or on behalf of the director or
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officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he or she
is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation. Such expenses incurred by
other employees and agents may be so paid upon such terms and conditions, if
any, as the board of directors deems appropriate.
SECTION 6. EMPLOYEES AND AGENTS. Persons who are not covered by the
foregoing provisions of this Article V and who are or were employees or agents
of the corporation, or who are or were serving at the request of the corporation
as employees or agents of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust
or other enterprise, may be indemnified to the extent authorized at any time or
from time to time by the board of directors.
SECTION 7. CONTRACT RIGHTS. The provisions of this Article V shall be
deemed to be a contract right between the corporation and each director or
officer who serves in any such capacity at any time while this Article V and the
relevant provisions of the Business Corporation Law of the State of New York or
other applicable law are in effect, and any repeal or modification of this
Article V or any such law shall not affect any rights or obligations then
existing with respect to any state of facts or proceeding then existing.
SECTION 8. MERGER OR CONSOLIDATION. For purposes of this Article V,
references to "the corporation" shall include, in addition to the resulting
corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a
constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate
existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its
directors, officers, and employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a
director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or
was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director,
officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture,
trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under this Article V
with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he or she would have
with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had
continued.
ARTICLE VI
CERTIFICATES OF STOCK
SECTION 1. FORM. Every holder of stock in the corporation shall be
entitled to have a certificate, signed by, or in the name of the corporation by
the president or a vice president and the secretary or an assistant secretary of
the corporation, certifying the number of shares owned by such holder in the
corporation. If such a certificate is countersigned (1) by a transfer agent or
an assistant transfer agent other than the corporation or its employee or (2) by
a registrar, other than the corporation or its employee, the signature of any
such president, vice president, secretary, or assistant secretary may be
facsimiles. In case any officer or officers who have signed, or whose facsimile
signature or signatures have been used on, any such
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certificate or certificates shall cease to be such officer or officers of the
corporation whether because of death, resignation or otherwise before such
certificate or certificates have been delivered by the corporation, such
certificate or certificates may nevertheless be issued and delivered as though
the person or persons who signed such certificate or certificates or whose
facsimile signature or signatures have been used thereon had not ceased to be
such officer or officers of the corporation. All certificates for shares shall
be consecutively numbered or otherwise identified. The name of the person to
whom the shares represented thereby are issued, with the number of shares and
date of issue, shall be entered on the books of the corporation. Shares of stock
of the corporation shall only be transferred on the books of the corporation by
the holder of record thereof or by such holder's attorney duly authorized in
writing, upon surrender to the corporation of the certificate or certificates
for such shares endorsed by the appropriate person or persons, with such
evidence of the authenticity of such endorsement, transfer, authorization, and
other matters as the corporation may reasonably require, and accompanied by all
necessary stock transfer stamps. In that event, it shall be the duty of the
corporation to issue a new certificate to the person entitled thereto, cancel
the old certificate or certificates, and record the transaction on its books.
The board of directors may appoint a bank or trust company organized under the
laws of the United States or any state thereof to act as its transfer agent or
registrar, or both in connection with the transfer of any class or series of
securities of the corporation.
SECTION 2. LOST CERTIFICATES. The board of directors may direct a new
certificate or certificates to be issued in place of any certificate or
certificates previously issued by the corporation alleged to have been lost,
stolen, or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person
claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen, or destroyed. When
authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates, the board of
directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance
thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen, or destroyed certificate or
certificates, or his or her legal representative, to give the corporation a bond
sufficient to indemnify the corporation against any claim that may be made
against the corporation on account of the loss, theft or destruction of any such
certificate or the issuance of such new certificate.
SECTION 3. FIXING A RECORD DATE FOR DETERMINATION OF SHAREHOLDERS. For
the purpose of determining the shareholders entitled to vote at any meeting a
shareholder or any adjournment thereof, or to express consent or to dissent from
any proposal without a meeting, or for the purpose of determining shareholders
entitled to receive payment of any dividend or the allotment of any rights, or
for the purpose of any other action, the board of directors may fix, in advance,
a date as the record date for any such determination of shareholders, such date
shall not be more than fifty nor less than ten days before the date of such
meeting, nor more than fifty days prior to any other action. If no record date
is fixed by the board of directors, (i) the record date for the determination of
shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a
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meeting of shareholders shall be at the close of business on the day next
preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if no notice is given, the day
on which the meeting is held, or (ii) the record date for determining
shareholders for any purpose other than the determination of shareholders
entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of shareholders, shall be at the
close of business on the day on which the resolution of the board relating
thereto is adopted. A determination of shareholders of record entitled to notice
of or to vote at any meeting of shareholders shall apply to any adjournment
thereof, unless the board of directors fixes a new record date for the adjourned
meeting.
SECTION 4. REGISTERED SHAREHOLDERS. Prior to the surrender to the
corporation of the certificate or certificates for a share or shares of stock
with a request to record the transfer of such share or shares, the corporation
may treat the registered owner as the person entitled to receive dividends, to
vote, to receive notifications, and otherwise to exercise all the rights and
powers of an owner. The corporation shall not be bound to recognize any
equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of
any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof.
SECTION 5. SUBSCRIPTIONS FOR STOCK. Unless otherwise provided for in
the subscription agreement, subscriptions for shares shall be paid in full at
such time, or in such installments and at such times, as shall be determined by
the board of directors. Any call made by the board of directors for payment on
subscriptions shall be uniform as to all shares of the same class or as to all
shares of the same series. In case of default in the payment of any installment
or call when such payment is due, the corporation may proceed to collect the
amount due in the same manner as any debt due the corporation or the board of
directors may declare a forfeiture.
ARTICLE VII
GENERAL PROVISIONS
SECTION 1. DIVIDENDS. Dividends upon the capital stock of the
corporation, subject to the provisions of the certificate of incorporation, if
any, may be declared by the board of directors at any regular or special
meeting, pursuant to law. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, including
the shares or bonds of other corporations, or in shares of the capital stock,
subject to the provisions of the certificate of incorporation. Before payment of
any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the corporation
available for dividends such sum or sums as the directors from time to time, in
their absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve or reserves to meet
contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any
property of the corporation, or any other purpose and the directors may modify
or abolish any such reserve in the manner in which it was created.
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SECTION 2. OPTIONS AND WARRANTS. The board of directors cannot, without
shareholder approval, issue options, warrants or any other securities
convertible into more than fifteen percent (15%) of the authorized shares of
capital stock of the corporation.
SECTION 3. CHECKS, DRAFTS OR ORDERS. All checks, drafts, or other
orders for the payment of money by or to the corporation and all notes and other
evidences of indebtedness issued in the name of the corporation shall be signed
by such officer or officers, agent or agents of the corporation, and in such
manner, as shall be determined by resolution of the board of directors or a duly
authorized committee thereof.
SECTION 4. CONTRACTS. The board of directors may authorize any officer
or officers, or any agent or agents, of the corporation to enter into any
contract or to execute and deliver any instrument in the name of and on behalf
of the corporation, and such authority may be general or confined to specific
instances.
SECTION 5. LOANS. The corporation may lend money to, or guarantee any
obligation of, or otherwise assist any officer or other employee of the
corporation or of its subsidiary, including any officer or employee who is a
director of the corporation or its subsidiary, whenever, in the judgment of the
directors, such loan, guaranty or assistance may reasonably be expected to
benefit the corporation. The loan, guaranty or other assistance may be with or
without interest, and may be secured or unsecured in such manner as the board of
directors shall approve, including, without limitation, a pledge of shares of
stock of the corporation. Nothing in this section contained shall be deemed to
deny, limit or restrict the powers of guaranty or warranty of the corporation at
common law or under any statute.
SECTION 6. FISCAL YEAR. The fiscal year of the corporation shall be
fixed by resolution of the board of directors.
SECTION 7. CORPORATE SEAL. The board of directors may provide a
corporate seal which shall be in the form of a circle and shall have inscribed
thereon the name of the corporation and the words "Corporate Seal, New York".
The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or
affixed or reproduced or otherwise.
SECTION 8. VOTING SECURITIES OWNED BY CORPORATION. Voting securities in
any other corporation held by the corporation shall be voted by the president,
unless the board of directors specifically confers authority to vote with
respect thereto, which authority may be general or confined to specific
instances, upon some other person or officer. Any person authorized to vote
securities shall have the power to appoint proxies, with general power of
substitution.
SECTION 9. INSPECTION OF BOOKS AND RECORDS. Any person who shall have
been a shareholder of record of the corporation for at least six months
immediately preceding his demand, or any person holding, or thereunto authorized
in writing by the holders of at least five percent of any class of the
outstanding shares, upon at least five days written
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demand shall have the right to examine in person or by agent or attorney, during
usual business hours, its minutes of the proceedings of its shareholders and
record of shareholders and to make extracts therefrom.
SECTION 10. SECTION HEADINGS. Section headings in these by-laws are for
convenience of reference only and shall not be given any substantive effect in
limiting or otherwise construing any provision herein.
SECTION 11. INCONSISTENT PROVISIONS. In the event that any provision of
these by-laws is or becomes inconsistent with any provision of the certificate
of incorporation, the Business Corporation Law of the State of New York or any
other applicable law, the provision of these by-laws shall not be given any
effect to the extent of such inconsistency but shall otherwise be given full
force and effect.
ARTICLE VIII
AMENDMENTS
These by-laws may be amended, altered, or repealed and new by-laws
adopted at any meeting of the board of directors by a majority vote. The fact
that the power to adopt, amend, alter, or repeal the by-laws has been conferred
upon the board of directors shall not divest the shareholders of the same
powers.
(As amended through February 10, 2000).
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