<PAGE>
American
Express(R)
Funds
AXPSM High Yield Tax-Exempt Fund
Prospectus Jan. 29, 1999
AXP High Yield Tax-Exempt Fund seeks to provide shareholders with a high yield
generally exempt from federal income taxes.
Please note that this Fund:
o is not a bank deposit
o is not federally insured
o is not endorsed by any bank or government agency
o is not guaranteed to achieve its goal
Like all mutual funds, the Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved
or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus.
Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
AMERICAN
EXPRESS (logo)
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Table of Contents
TAKE A CLOSER LOOK AT:
The Fund 3p
Goal 3p
Investment Strategy 3p
Risks 4p
Past Performance 6p
Fees and Expenses 8p
Management 9p
Buying and Selling Shares 9p
Valuing Fund Shares 9p
Investment Options 10p
Purchasing Shares 11p
Transactions Through Third Parties
Sales Charges 14p
Exchanging/Selling Shares 18p
Distributions and Taxes 22p
Master/Feeder Structure 25p
Financial Highlights 29p
Appendix 31p
FUND INFORMATION KEY
Goal and Investment Strategy
The Fund's particular investment goal and the strategies it intends
to use in pursuing its goal.
Risks
The major risk factors associated with the Fund.
Fees and Expenses
The overall costs incurred by an investor in the Fund, including
sales charges and annual expenses.
Management
The individual or group designated by the investment manager to
handle the Fund's day-to-day management.
Master/Feeder Structure
Describes the Fund's investment structure.
Financial Highlights
Tables showing the Fund's financial performance.
<PAGE>
The Fund
Goal
AXP High Yield Tax-Exempt Fund (the Fund) seeks to provide shareholders with a
high yield generally exempt from federal income taxes. Because any investment
involves risk, achieving this goal cannot be guaranteed.
Investment Strategy
The Fund's assets primarily are invested in medium and lower quality bonds (junk
bonds) and other debt obligations. Under normal market conditions, the Fund will
invest at least 80% of its net assets in bonds and in other debt obligations
issued by or on behalf of state or local governmental units whose interest is
exempt from federal income tax and is not subject to the alternative minimum
tax. However, the Fund may invest up to 20% of its net assets in debt
obligations the interest from which is subject to the alternative minimum tax.
The selection of municipal obligations that are tax-exempt is the primary
decision in building the investment portfolio.
American Express Financial Corporation (AEFC), the Fund's investment manager,
chooses investments by:
o Considering opportunities and risks in municipal obligations given current
and expected interest rates.
o Identifying municipal obligations that:
-- are medium or lower quality,
-- have similar qualities, in AEFC's opinion, even though they are not rated
or have been given a lower rating by a rating agency,
-- have long-term maturities with higher yields,
-- have characteristics (coupon, call, maturity, etc.) that fit our
investment strategy at the time of purchase.
o Identifying investments that contribute to portfolio diversification.
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In evaluating whether to sell a security, AEFC considers, among other factors,
whether:
-- the security is overvalued,
-- the issuer's credit rating declines or AEFC expects a decline (the Fund
may continue to own securities that are down-graded until AEFC believes it
is advantageous to sell),
-- political, economic, or other events could affect the issuer's
performance,
-- AEFC expects the issuer to call the security,
-- AEFC identifies a more attractive opportunity, and
-- the issuer or the security continues to meet the other standards
described above.
The Fund also may invest in derivative instruments, money market securities and
other short-term tax-exempt securities, and other instruments.
During weak or declining markets, the Fund may invest more of its assets in
money market securities or certain taxable investments. Although the Fund
primarily will invest in these securities to avoid losses, this type of
investing also could reduce the benefit from any improvement in the market. AEFC
may make frequent securities trades that could result in increased fees,
expenses, and taxes.
For more information on strategies and holdings, see the Fund's Statement of
Additional Information (SAI) and the annual/semiannual reports.
Risks
Please remember that with any mutual fund investment you may lose money.
Principal risks associated with an investment in the Fund include:
Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk
Credit Risk
Market Risk
The market may drop and you may lose money. Market risk may affect a single
issuer, sector of the economy, industry, or the market as a whole. The market
value of all securities may move up and down, sometimes rapidly and
unpredictably.
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Interest Rate Risk
The risk of losses attributable to changes in interest rates. This term is
generally associated with bond prices (when interest rates rise, bond prices
fall).
Credit Risk
The risk that the issuer of a security, or the counterparty to a contract, will
default or otherwise become unable to honor a financial obligation (such as
payments due on a bond or note). The price of junk bonds may react more to the
ability of the issuing company to pay interest and principal when due than to
changes in interest rates. They have greater price fluctuations and are more
likely to experience a default.
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Past Performance
The following bar chart and table indicate the risks and variability of
investing in the Fund by showing:
o how the Fund's performance has varied for each full calendar year shown on
the charts below, and
o how the Fund's average annual total returns compare to a recognized index.
How the Fund has performed in the past does not indicate how the Fund will
perform in the future.
Class A Performance (based on calendar years)
+11.39% +5.10% +12.02% +8.70% +9.73% -5.07% +17.39% +2.71% +9.37% +5.44%
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
During the period shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar
quarter was +6.69% (quarter ending March 1995) and the lowest return for a
calendar quarter was -4.91% (quarter ending March 1994).
The 5% sales charge applicable to Class A shares of the Fund is not reflected in
the bar chart; if reflected, returns would be lower than those shown. The
performance of Class B and Class Y may vary from that shown above because of
differences in sales charges and fees.
The Fund's year to date return as of Dec. 31, 1998 was +5.44%.
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<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Average Annual Total Returns ( as of Dec. 31, 1998)
1 year Since inception (B&Y) 5 years 10 years (A)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
==========================================================================================================
High Yield:
==========================================================================================================
Class A +0.16% -- +4.63% +6.97%
==========================================================================================================
Class B +0.68% +6.02%a -- --
Class Y +5.54% +7.46%a -- --
==========================================================================================================
Lehman Brothers
==========================================================================================================
Municipal Bond Index +6.48% +7.40%b +5.84% +8.01%
</TABLE>
a Inception date was March 20, 1995.
b Measurement period started April 1, 1995.
This table shows total returns from hypothetical investments in Class A, Class B
and Class Y shares of the Fund. These returns are compared to the index shown
for the same periods. The performance of Classes A, B and Y vary because of
differences in sales charges and fees. Past performance for Class Y for the
periods prior to March 20, 1995 may be calculated based on the performance of
Class A, adjusted to reflect differences in sales charges, although not for
other differences in expenses.
For purposes of this calculation we assumed:
o a sales charge of 5% for Class A shares,
o sales at the end of the period and deduction of the applicable contingent
deferred sales charge (CDSC)for Class B shares,
o no sales charge for Class Y shares,
o conversion of Class B shares to Class A shares in the ninth calendar year of
ownership, and
o no adjustments for taxes paid by an investor on the reinvested income and
capital gains.
Lehman Brothers Municipal Bond Index is an unmanaged index made up of a
representative list of general obligation, revenue, insured and pre-refunded
bonds. The index is frequently used as a general measure of tax-exempt bond
market performance. However, the securities used to create the index may not be
representative of the bonds held by the Fund. The index reflects reinvestment of
all distributions and changes in market prices, but excludes brokerage
commissions or other fees.
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Fees and Expenses
Fund investors pay various expenses. The table below describes the fees and
expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
==========================================================================================================
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
Class A Class B Class Y
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchasesa
(as a percentage of offering price) 5% none none
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) imposed on sales
(as a percentage of offering price at time of purchase) none 5% none
==========================================================================================================
Annual Fund operating expensesb (expenses that are deducted from Fund assets)
As a percentage of average daily net assets: Class A Class B Class Y
==========================================================================================================
Management fees 0.44% 0.44% 0.44%
Distribution (12b-1) fees 0.00% 0.75% 0.00%
Other expensesc 0.26% 0.26% 0.18%
Total 0.70% 1.45% 0.62%
</TABLE>
a This charge may be reduced depending on your total investments in American
Express mutual funds. See "Sales Charges."
b Both in this table and the following example fund operating expenses
include expenses charged by both the Fund and its Master Portfolio as
described under "Management".
c Other expenses include an administrative services fee, a shareholder
services fee, a transfer agency fee and other nonadvisory expenses.
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Example
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund
with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.
Assume you invest $10,000 and the Fund earns a 5% annual return. The operating
expenses remain the same each year. If you hold your shares until the end of the
years shown, your costs would be:
1 year 3 years 5 years 10 years
Class Aa $568 $713 $871 $1,331
Class Bb $648 $859 $993 $1,535d
Class Bc $148 $459 $793 $1,535d
Class Y $ 63 $199 $346 $ 778
a Includes a 5% sales charge.
b Assumes you sold your Class B shares at the end of the period and incurred
the applicable CDSC.
c Assumes you did not sell your Class B shares at the end of the period.
d Based on conversion of Class B shares to Class A shares in the ninth year
of ownership.
This example does not represent actual expenses, past or future. Actual expenses
may be higher or lower than those shown.
Management
The Fund's assets are invested in Tax-Free High Yield Portfolio (the Portfolio),
which is managed by AEFC. Kurt Larson, vice president and senior portfolio
manager, joined AEFC in 1961. He has managed the assets of the Fund since 1979.
Buying and Selling Shares
Valuing Fund Shares
The public offering price for Class A is the net asset value (NAV) adjusted for
the sales charge. For Class B and Class Y, it is the NAV.
The NAV is the value of a single Fund share. The NAV usually changes daily, and
is calculated at the close of business of the New York Stock Exchange, normally
3 p.m. Central Standard Time (CST), each business day (any day the New York
Stock Exchange is open).
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The Fund's investments are valued based on market value, or where market
quotations are not readily available, on methods selected in good faith by the
board. Please see the SAI for further information.
Investment Options
1. Class A shares are sold to the public with a sales charge at the time of
purchase.
2. Class B shares are sold to the public with a CDSC and an annual distribution
(12b-1) fee.
3. Class Y shares are sold to qualifying institutional investors without a sales
charge or distribution fee. Please see the SAI for information on eligibility to
purchase Class Y shares.
Investment options summary:
Class A Maximum sales charge of 5%
Initial sales charge waived or reduced for certain
purchases
No annual distribution fee
Service fee of 0.175% of average daily net assets
Lower annual expenses than Class B shares
Class B No initial sales charge
CDSC on shares sold in the first six years (maximum of 5%
in first year, reduced to 0% after year six)
CDSC waived in certain circumstances
Shares convert to Class A in ninth year of ownership
Annual distribution fee of 0.75% of average daily net
assets*
Service fee of 0.175% of average daily net assets
Higher annual expenses than Class A shares
Class Y No initial sales charge
No annual distribution fee
Service fee of 0.10% of average daily net assets
Available only to certain qualifying institutional
investors
* The Fund has adopted a plan under Rule 12b-1 of the Investment Company Act
of 1940 that allows it to pay distribution fees for the sale of Class B
shares. Because these fees are paid out of the Fund's assets on an on-going
basis, long-term shareholders of Class B shares may end up paying more than
the 6.25% sales charge permitted by the National Association of Securities
Dealers.
<PAGE>
Should you purchase Class A or Class B shares?
If your investments in American Express mutual funds total $250,000 or more,
Class A shares may be the better option. If you qualify for a waiver of the
sales charge, Class A shares will be the best option.
If you invest less than $250,000, consider how long you plan to hold your
shares. Class B shares have an additional annual distribution fee of 0.75% and a
CDSC for six years. To help you determine what is best for you, consult your
financial advisor.
Class B shares convert to Class A shares in the ninth calendar year of
ownership. Class B shares purchased through reinvested dividends and
distributions also will convert to Class A shares in the same proportion as the
other Class B shares.
Purchasing Shares
To purchase shares through a brokerage account or from entities other than
American Express Financial Advisors Inc., please consult your selling agent. The
following section explains how you can purchase shares from American Express
Financial Advisors (the Distributor).
If you do not have a mutual fund account, you need to establish one. Your
financial advisor will help you fill out and submit an application. Once your
account is set up, you can choose among several convenient ways to invest.
When you purchase shares for a new or existing account, your order will be
priced at the next NAV calculated after your order is accepted by the Fund. If
your application does not specify which class of shares you are purchasing, we
will assume you are investing in Class A shares.
Important: When you open an account, you must provide your correct Taxpayer
Identification Number (TIN), which is either your Social Security or Employer
Identification number.
If you do not provide the correct TIN, you could be subject to backup
withholding of 31% of taxable distributions and proceeds from certain sales and
exchanges. You also could be subject to further penalties, such as:
o a $50 penalty for each failure to supply your correct TIN,
o a civil penalty of $500 if you make a false statement that results in no
backup withholding, and
o criminal penalties for falsifying information.
You also could be subject to backup withholding because you failed to report
required interest or dividends on your tax return.
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<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
How to determine the correct TIN
For this type of account: Use the Social Security or Employer Identification number of:
<S> <C>
Individual or joint account The individual or one of the individuals listed on the joint account
Custodian account of a minor The minor
(Uniform Gifts/Transfers to Minors Act)
A living trust The grantor-trustee (the person who puts the money into the trust)
An irrevocable trust, pension trust The legal entity (not the personal representative or trustee, unless no legal entity is
or estate title) designated in the account
Sole proprietorship The owner
Partnership The partnership
Corporate The corporation
Association, club or tax-exempt The organization
organization
</TABLE>
For details on TIN requirements, contact your financial advisor for federal Form
W-9, "Request for Taxpayer Identification Number and Certification."
Three ways to invest
1 By mail:
Once your account has been established, send your check with the account number
on it to:
American Express Funds
P.O. Box 74
Minneapolis, MN 55440-0074
Minimum amounts
Initial investment: $2,000
Additional investments: $100
Account balances: $300
If your account balance falls below $300, you will be asked to increase it to
$300 or establish a scheduled investment plan. If you do not do so within 30
days, your shares can be sold and the proceeds mailed to you.
<PAGE>
2 By scheduled investment plan:
Contact your financial advisor to set up one of the following scheduled plans:
o automatic payroll deduction,
o bank authorization,
o direct deposit of Social Security check, or
o other plan approved by the Fund.
Minimum amounts
Initial investment: $100
Additional investments: $100/mo.
Account balances: none (on active plans of monthly payments)
If your account falls below $2,000, you must make payments at least monthly.
3 By wire or electronic funds transfer: If you have an established account, you
may wire money to:
Norwest Bank Minnesota
Routing Transit No. 091000019
Give these instructions:Credit American Express Financial Advisors Account
#0000030015 for personal account # (your account number) for (your name).
If this information is not included, the order may be rejected, and all money
received by the Fund, less any costs the Fund or American Express Client Service
Corporation (AECSC) incurs, will be returned promptly.
Minimum amounts
Each wire investment: $1,000
TRANSACTIONS THROUGH THIRD PARTIES
You may buy or sell shares through certain 401(k) plans, banks, broker-dealers,
financial advisors or other investment professionals. These organizations may
charge you a fee for this service and may have different policies. Some policy
differences may include different minimum investment amounts, exchange
privileges, fund choices and cutoff times for investments. The fund and the
Distributor are not responsible for the failure of one of these organizations to
carry out its obligations to its customers. Some organizations may receive
compensation from the Distributor or its affiliates for shareholder
recordkeeping and similar services. When authorized by the Fund, some
organizations may designate selected agents to accept purchase or sale orders on
the Fund's behalf. To buy or sell shares through third parties or determine if
there are policy differences, please consult your selling agent. For other
pertinent information related to buying or selling shares, please refer to the
appropriate section in the prospectus.
<PAGE>
Sales Charges
Class A -- initial sales charge alternative
When you purchase Class A shares, you pay a 5% sales charge on the first $50,000
of your total investment and less on investments after the first $50,000:
Total investment Sales charge as percentage of:a
Public offering priceb Net amount invested
Up to $50,000 5.0% 5.26%
Next $50,000 4.5 4.71
Next $400,000 3.8 3.95
Next $500,000 2.0 2.04
$1,000,000 or more 0.0 0.00
a To calculate the actual sales charge on an investment greater than $50,000
and less than $1,000,000, you must total the amounts of all increments that
apply.
b Offering price includes a 5% sales charge.
The sales charge on Class A shares may be lower than 5%, depending on the total
amount:
o you now are investing in this Fund,
o you have previously invested in this Fund, or
o you and your primary household group are investing or have invested in
other American Express mutual funds that have a sales charge. (The primary
household group consists of accounts in any ownership for spouses or
domestic partners and their unmarried children under 21. Domestic partners
are individuals who maintain a shared primary residence and have joint
property or other insurable interests.) AXP Tax-Free Money Fund and Class A
shares of AXP Cash Management Fund do not have sales charges.
Other Class A sales charge policies:
o IRA purchases or other employee benefit plan purchases made through a
payroll deduction plan or through a plan sponsored by an employer,
association of employers, employee organization or other similar group, may
be added together to reduce sales charges for all shares purchased through
that plan, and
o if you intend to invest $1 million over a period of 13 months, you can
reduce the sales charges in Class A by filing a letter of intent. For more
details, please see the SAI.
<PAGE>
Waivers of the sales charge for Class A shares
Sales charges do not apply to:
o current or retired board members, officers or employees of the Fund or AEFC
or its subsidiaries, their spouses, and unmarried children under 21.
o current or retired American Express financial advisors, their spouses, and
unmarried children under 21.
o investors who have a business relationship with a newly associated
financial advisor who joined the Distributor from another investment firm
provided that (1) the purchase is made within six months of the advisor's
appointment date with the Distributor, (2) the purchase is made with
proceeds of shares sold that were sponsored by the financial advisor's
previous broker-dealer, and (3) the proceeds are the result of a sale of an
equal or greater value where a sales load was assessed.
o qualified employee benefit plans using a daily transfer recordkeeping
system offering participants daily access to American Express mutual funds.
Eligibility must be determined in advance. For assistance, please contact
your financial advisor. (Participants in certain qualified plans where the
initial sales charge is waived may be subject to a deferred sales charge of
up to 4%.)
o shareholders who have at least $1 million invested in American Express
mutual funds. If the investment is sold in the first year after purchase, a
CDSC of 1% will be charged. The CDSC will be waived only in the
circumstances described for waivers for Class B shares.
o purchases made within 90 days after a sale of shares (up to the amount
sold):
-- of American Express mutual funds in a qualified plan subject to a
deferred sales charge, or
-- in a qualified plan or account where American Express Trust Company
has a recordkeeping, trustee, investment management, or investment
servicing relationship.
Send the Fund a written request along with your payment, indicating the date and
the amount of the sale.
<PAGE>
o purchases made:
-- with dividend or capital gain distributions from this Fund or from the
same class of another American Express mutual fund that has a sales
charge,
-- through or under a wrap fee product or other investment product
sponsored by the Distributor or another broker-dealer, investment
advisor, bank or investment professional,
-- within the University of Texas System ORP,
-- within a segregated separate account offered by Nationwide Life
Insurance Company or Nationwide Life and Annuity Insurance Company,
-- within the University of Massachusetts After-Tax Savings Program,
-- with the proceeds from IDS Life Real Estate Variable Annuity
surrenders, or
-- through or under a subsidiary of AEFC offering Personal Trust
Services' Asset-Based pricing alternative.
Class B -- contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) alternative
A CDSC is based on the sale amount and the number of calendar years -- including
the year of purchase -- between purchase and sale. The following table shows how
CDSC percentages on sales decline after a purchase:
If the sale is made during the: The CDSC percentage rate is:
First year 5%
Second year 4%
Third year 4%
Fourth year 3%
Fifth year 2%
Sixth year 1%
Seventh year 0%
If the amount you are selling causes the value of your investment in Class B
shares to fall below the cost of the shares you have purchased during the last
six years including the current year, the CDSC is based on the lower of the cost
of those shares purchased or market value.
<PAGE>
Example:
Assume you had invested $10,000 in Class B shares and that your investment had
appreciated in value to $12,000 after 15 months, including reinvested dividends
and capital gain distributions. You could sell up to $2,000 worth of shares
without paying a CDSC ($12,000 current value less $10,000 purchase amount). If
you sold $2,500 worth of shares, the CDSC would apply to the $500 representing
part of your original purchase price. The CDSC rate would be 4% because the sale
was made during the second year after the purchase.
Because the CDSC is imposed only on sales that reduce your total purchase
payments, you never have to pay a CDSC on any amount that represents
appreciation in the value of your shares, income earned by your shares or
capital gains. In addition, the CDSC rate on your sale will be based on your
oldest purchase payment. The CDSC on the next amount sold will be based on the
next oldest purchase payment.
The CDSC on Class B shares will be waived on sales of shares:
o in the event of the shareholder's death,
o held in trust for an employee benefit plan, or
o held in IRAs or certain qualified plans if American Express Trust Company
is the custodian, such as Keogh plans, tax-sheltered custodial accounts or
corporate pension plans, provided that the shareholder is:
-- at least 591/2 years old AND
-- taking a retirement distribution (if the sale is part of a transfer to
an IRA or qualified plan, or a custodian-to-custodian transfer, the
CDSC will not be waived) OR
-- selling under an approved substantially equal periodic payment
arrangement.
<PAGE>
Exchanging/Selling Shares
Exchanges
You can exchange your Fund shares at no charge for shares of the same class of
any other publicly offered American Express mutual fund. Exchanges into AXP
Tax-Free Money Fund may only be made from Class A shares. For complete
information on the other funds, including fees and expenses, read that fund's
prospectus carefully. Your exchange will be priced at the next NAV calculated
after it is accepted by that fund.
You may make up to three exchanges (1 1/2 round trips) within any 30-day period.
These limits do not apply to scheduled exchange programs and certain employee
benefit plans. Exceptions may be allowed with pre-approval of the Fund.
Other exchange policies:
o Exchanges must be made into the same class of shares of the new fund.
o If your exchange creates a new account, it must satisfy the minimum
investment amount for new purchases.
o Once we receive your exchange request, you cannot cancel it.
o Shares of the new fund may not be used on the same day for another exchange.
o If your shares are pledged as collateral, the exchange will be delayed until
AECSC receives written approval from the secured party.
AECSC and the Fund reserve the right to reject any exchange, limit the amount,
or modify or discontinue the exchange privilege, to prevent abuse or adverse
effects on the Fund and its shareholders. For example, if exchanges are too
numerous or too large, they may disrupt the Fund's investment strategies or
increase its costs.
Selling Shares
You can sell your shares at any time. The payment will be mailed within seven
days after accepting your request.
When you sell shares, the amount you receive may be more or less than the amount
you invested. Your sale price will be the next NAV calculated after your request
is accepted by the Fund, minus any applicable CDSC.
<PAGE>
You can change your mind after requesting a sale and use all or part of the
proceeds to purchase new shares in the same account from which you sold. If you
reinvest in Class A, you will purchase the new shares at NAV rather than the
offering price on the date of a new purchase. If you reinvest in Class B, any
CDSC you paid on the amount you are reinvesting also will be reinvested. To take
advantage of this option, send a request within 90 days of the date your sale
request was received and include your account number. This privilege may be
limited or withdrawn at any time and may have tax consequences.
The Fund reserves the right to redeem in kind.
For more details and a description of other sales policies, please see the SAI.
<PAGE>
To sell or exchange shares held through a brokerage account or with entitites
other than American Express Financial Advisors, please consult your selling
agent. The following section explains how you can excange or sell shares held
with American Express Financial Advisors.
Two ways to request an exchange or sale of shares
1 By letter:
Include in your letter:
o the name of the fund(s),
o the class of shares to be exchanged or sold,
o your mutual fund account number(s) (for exchanges, both funds must be
registered in the same ownership),
o your TIN,
o the dollar amount or number of shares you want to exchange or sell,
o signature(s) of all registered account owners,
o for sales, indicate how you want your money delivered to you, and
o any paper certificates of shares you hold.
Regular mail:
American Express Client Service Corporation
Attn: Transactions
P.O. Box 534
Minneapolis, MN 55440-0534
Express mail:
American Express Client Service Corporation
Attn: Transactions
733 Marquette Ave.
Minneapolis, MN 55402
2 By telephone:
American Express Client Service Corporation
Telephone Transaction Service
800-437-3133 or 612-671-3800
o The Fund and AECSC will use reasonable procedures to confirm authenticity
of telephone exchange or sale requests.
o Telephone exchange and sale privileges automatically apply to all accounts
except custodial, corporate or qualified retirement accounts. You may
request that these privileges NOT apply by writing AECSC. Each registered
owner must sign the request.
o Acting on your instructions, your financial advisor may conduct telephone
transactions on your behalf.
o Telephone privileges may be modified or discontinued at any time.
Minimum sale amount: $100 Maximum sale amount: $50,000
<PAGE>
Three ways to receive payment when you sell shares
1 By regular or express mail:
o Mailed to the address on record.
o Payable to names listed on the account.
NOTE: The express mail delivery charges you pay will vary depending on the
courier you select.
2 By wire or electronic funds transfer:
o Minimum wire: $1,000.
o Request that money be wired to your bank.
o Bank account must be in the same ownership as the American Express mutual
fund account.
NOTE: Pre-authorization required. For instructions, contact your financial
advisor or AECSC.
3 By scheduled payout plan:
o Minimum payment: $50.
o Contact your financial advisor or AECSC to set up regular payments on a
monthly, bimonthly, quarterly, semiannual or annual basis.
o Purchasing new shares while under a payout plan may be disadvantageous
because of the sales charges.
<PAGE>
Distributions and Taxes
As a shareholder you are entitled to your share of the Fund's net income and net
gains. The Fund distributes dividends and capital gains to qualify as a
regulated investment company and to avoid paying corporate income and excise
taxes.
Dividends and Capital Gain Distributions
The Fund's net investment income is distributed to you as dividends. Capital
gains are realized when a security is sold for a higher price than was paid for
it. Short-term capital gains are included in net investment income. Long-term
capital gains are realized when a security is held for more than one year. The
Fund offsets any net realized capital gains by any available capital loss
carryovers. Net realized long-term capital gains, if any, are distributed by the
end of the calendar year as capital gain distributions.
Reinvestments
Dividends and capital gain distributions are automatically reinvested in
additional shares in the same class of the Fund, unless:
o you request distributions in cash, or
o you direct the Fund to invest your distributions in the same class of any
publicly offered American Express mutual fund for which you have previously
opened an account.
We reinvest the distributions for you at the next calculated NAV after the
distribution is paid.
If you choose cash distributions, you will receive cash only for distributions
declared after your request has been processed.
<PAGE>
Taxes
Dividends distributed from interest earned on tax-exempt securities
(exempt-interest dividends) are exempt from federal income taxes but may be
subject to state and local taxes. Dividends distributed from other income earned
and capital gain distributions are not exempt from federal income taxes.
Distributions are taxable in the year the Fund declares them regardless of
whether you take them in cash or reinvest them.
Interest on certain private activity bonds is a preference item for purposes of
the individual and corporate alternative minimum taxes. To the extent the Fund
earns such income, it will flow through to its shareholders and may be taxable
to those shareholders who are subject to the alternative minimum tax.
Because interest on municipal bonds and notes is tax-exempt for federal income
tax purposes, any interest on borrowed money used directly or indirectly to
purchase Fund shares is not deductible on your federal income tax return. You
should consult a tax advisor regarding its deductibility for state and local
income tax purposes.
If you buy shares shortly before a distribution you will pay taxes on money
earned by the Fund before you were a shareholder. You pay the full
pre-distribution price for the shares, then receive a portion of your investment
back as a distribution, which is taxable.
For tax purposes, an exchange is considered a sale and purchase and may result
in a gain or loss. A sale is a taxable transaction. If you sell shares for more
than their cost, the difference is a capital gain. Your gain may be short term
(for shares held for one year or less) or long term (for shares held for more
than one year). If you sell shares for less than their cost, the difference is a
capital loss. If you buy Class A shares of another American Express mutual fund
and within 91 days exchange into this Fund, you may not include the sales charge
in your calculation of tax gain or loss on the sale of the first fund you
purchased. The sales charge may be included in the calculation of your tax gain
or loss on a subsequent sale of this Fund.
Selling shares held in an IRA or qualified retirement account may subject you to
federal taxes, penalties and reporting requirements. Please consult your tax
advisor.
Important: This information is a brief and selective summary of some of the tax
rules that apply to this Fund. Because tax matters are highly individual and
complex, you should consult a qualified tax advisor.
<PAGE>
Master/Feeder Structure
This Fund uses a master/feeder structure. This means that the Fund (a feeder
fund) invests all of its assets in the Portfolio (the master fund). Other feeder
funds also invest in the Portfolio. The master/feeder structure offers the
potential for reduced costs because it spreads fixed costs of portfolio
management over a larger pool of assets. The Fund may withdraw its assets from
the Portfolio at any time if the Fund's board determines that it is best. In
that event, the board would consider what action should be taken, including
whether to hire an investment advisor to manage the Fund's assets directly or to
invest all of the Fund's assets in another pooled investment entity. Here is an
illustration of the structure:
Investors buy shares in the Fund
The Fund buys units in the Portfolio
The Portfolio invests in securities, such as stocks or bonds
Other feeders may include mutual funds and institutional accounts. These feeders
buy the Portfolio's securities on the same terms and conditions as the Fund and
pay their proportionate share of the Portfolio's expenses. However, their
operating costs and sales charges are different from those of the Fund.
Therefore, the investment returns for other feeders are different from the
returns of the Fund.
<PAGE>
Year 2000
The Fund could be adversely affected if the computer systems used by AEFC and
the Fund's other service providers do not properly process and calculate
date-related information from and after Jan. 1, 2000.
While Year 2000-related computer problems could have a negative effect on the
Fund, AEFC is working to avoid such problems and to obtain assurances from
service providers that they are taking similar steps. The companies or
governments in which the Fund invests also may be adversely affected by Year
2000 issues.
INVESTMENT MANAGER The investment manager of the Portfolio is AEFC, located at
IDS Tower 10, Minneapolis, MN 55440-0010. The Portfolio pays AEFC a fee for
managing its assets. The Fund pays its proportionate share of the fee. Under the
Investment Management Services Agreement, the fee for the most recent fiscal
year was 0.44% of its average daily net assets. Under the agreement, the
Portfolio also pays taxes, brokerage commissions and nonadvisory expenses. AEFC
is a wholly-owned subsidiary of American Express Company, a financial services
company with headquarters at American Express Tower, World Financial Center, New
York, NY 10285.
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Financial Highlights
Fiscal period ended Nov. 30,
Per share income and capital changesa
Class A
1998 1997 1996 1995 1994
Net asset value,
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
beginning of period $4.64 $4.56 $4.66 $4.18 $4.76
Income from investment operations:
Net investment income (loss) .26 .27 .27 .28 .30
Net gains (losses) (both realized
and unrealized) .04 .08 (.10) .48 (.56)
Total from investment operations .30 .35 .17 .76 (.26)
Less distributions:
Dividends from net
investment income (.26) (.27) (.27) (.28) (.30)
Distributions from realized gains -- -- -- -- (.02)
Total distributions (.26) (.27) (.27) (.28) (.32)
Net asset value, end of period $4.68 $4.64 $4.56 $4.66 $4.18
Ratios/supplemental data
Class A
1998 1997 1996 1995 1994
Net assets, end of period
(in millions) $5,722 $5,785 $6,001 $6,316 $5,769
Ratio of expenses to
average daily net assetsb .70% .70% .70% .68% .59%
Ratio of net investment income (loss)
to average daily net assets 5.56% 5.85% 6.02% 6.31% 6.50%
Portfolio turnover rate
(excluding short-term securities) 14% 4% 9% 14% 17%
Total returnc 6.67% 7.86% 4.02% 18.64% (5.78%)
a For a share outstanding throughout the period. Rounded to the nearest cent.
b Effective fiscal year 1996, expense ratio is based on total expenses of the
Fund before reduction of earnings credits on cash balances.
c Total return does not reflect payment of a sales charge.
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Fiscal period ended Nov. 30,
Per share income and capital changesa
Class B Class Y
1998 1997 1996 1995b 1998 1997 1996 1995b
Net asset value,
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
beginning of period $4.64 $4.56 $4.66 $4.46 $4.64 $4.56 $4.66 $4.46
Income from investment operations:
Net investment income (loss) .22 .23 .24 .19 .26 .27 .28 .22
Net gains (losses)
(both realized and unrealized) .04 .08 (.10) .20 .04 .08 (.10) .20
Total from investment operations .26 .31 .14 .39 .30 .35 .18 .42
Less distributions:
Dividends from
net investment income (.22) (.23) (.24) (.19) (.26) (.27) (.28) (.22)
Net asset value,
end of period $4.68 $4.64 $4.56 $4.66 $4.68 $4.64 $4.56 $4.66
Ratios/supplemental data
Class B Class Y
1998 1997 1996 1995b 1998 1997 1996 1995b
Net assets, end of
period (in millions) $270 $190 $138 $71 $7 $9 $21 $25
Ratio of expenses to
average daily net assetsc 1.45% 1.46% 1.46% 1.48%d .62% .61% .53% .54%d
Ratio of net investment income
(loss) to average daily net assets 4.81% 5.06% 5.29% 5.36%d 5.63% 5.88% 6.15% 6.32%d
Portfolio turnover rate
(excluding short-term securities) 14% 4% 9% 14% 14% 4% 9% 14%
Total returne 5.85% 7.08% 3.22% 9.02% 6.73% 7.96% 4.22% 9.15%
a For a share outstanding throughout the period. Rounded to the nearest cent.
b Inception date was March 20, 1995.
c Effective fiscal year 1996, expense ratio is based on total expenses of the
Fund before reduction of earnings credits on cash balances.
d Adjusted to an annual basis.
e Total return does not reflect payment of a sales charge.
The information in these tables has been audited by KPMG Peat Marwick LLP,
independent auditors. The independent auditors' report and additional
information about the performance of the Fund are contained in the Fund's annual
report which, if not included with this porisoectus, may be obtained without
charge.
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
Appendix
1999 Federal tax-exempt and taxable equivalent yield calculation
These tables will help you determine your federal taxable yield equivalents for
given rates of tax-exempt income.
STEP 1:
Using your Taxable Income and Adjusted Gross Income figures as guides, you can
locate your Marginal Tax Rate in the table below.
First locate your Taxable Income in a filing status and income range in the
left-hand column. Then, locate your Adjusted Gross Income at the top of the
chart. At the point where your Taxable Income line meets your Adjusted Gross
Income column the percentage indicated is an approximation of your federal
Marginal Tax Rate. For example: Let's assume you are married filing jointly,
your taxable income is $138,000 and your adjusted gross income is $175,000.
Under Taxable Income married filing jointly status, $138,000 is in the
$104,050-$158,550 range. Under Adjusted Gross Income, $175,000 is in the
$126,600 to $189,950 column. The Taxable Income line and Adjusted Gross Income
column meet at 31.93%. This is the rate you'll use in Step 2.
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Adjusted gross income*
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Taxable income** $0 $126,600 $189,950 Over
to to to
$126,600(1) $189,950(2) $312,450(3) $312,450(2)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Married Filing Jointly
$ 0 - $ 43,050 15.00%
43,050 - 104,050 28.00 28.84%
104,050 - 158,550 31.00 31.93 33.29%
158,550 - 283,150 36.00 37.08 38.66 37.08%
283,150 + 39.60 42.53*** 40.79
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Adjusted gross income*
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Taxable income** $0 $126,600 Over
to to
$126,600(1) $249,100(3) $249,100(2)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Single
$ 0 - $ 25,750 15.00%
25,750 - 62,450 28.00
62,450 - 130,250 31.00 32.61%
130,250 - 283,150 36.00 37.87 37.08%
283,150 + 39.60 40.79
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
* Gross income with certain adjustments before taking itemized deductions and
personal exemptions.
** Amount subject to federal income tax after itemized deductions (or standard
deduction) and personal exemptions.
*** This rate is applicable only in the limited case where your adjusted gross
income is less than $312,450 and your taxable income exceeds $283,150.
(1) No Phase-out -- Assumes no phase-out of itemized deductions or personal
exemptions.
(2) Itemized Deductions Phase-out -- Assumes a phase-out of itemized deductions
and no current phase-out of personal exemptions.
(3) Itemized Deductions and Personal Exemption Phase-outs -- Assumes a single
taxpayer has one personal exemption, joint taxpayers have two personal
exemptions, personal exemptions phase-out and itemized deductions continue
to phase-out. If these assumptions do not apply to you, it will be
necessary to construct your own personalized tax equivalency table.
<PAGE>
STEP 2: Determining your federal taxable yield equivalents.
Using 31.93%, you may determine that a tax-exempt yield of 4% is equivalent to
earning a taxable 5.88% yield.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
For these Tax-Exempt Rates:
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
2.50% 3.00% 3.50% 4.00% 4.50% 5.00% 5.50% 6.00%
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Marginal Tax Rates Equal the Taxable Rates shown below:
15.00% 2.94 3.53 4.12 4.71 5.29 5.88 6.47 7.06
28.00% 3.47 4.17 4.86 5.56 6.25 6.94 7.64 8.33
28.84% 3.51 4.22 4.92 5.62 6.32 7.03 7.73 8.43
31.00% 3.62 4.35 5.07 5.80 6.52 7.25 7.97 8.70
31.93% 3.67 4.41 5.14 5.88 6.61 7.35 8.08 8.81
32.61% 3.71 4.45 5.19 5.94 6.68 7.42 8.16 8.90
33.29% 3.75 4.50 5.25 6.00 6.75 7.50 8.24 8.99
36.00% 3.91 4.69 5.47 6.25 7.03 7.81 8.59 9.38
37.08% 3.97 4.77 5.56 6.36 7.15 7.95 8.74 9.54
37.87% 4.02 4.83 5.63 6.44 7.24 8.05 8.85 9.66
38.66% 4.08 4.89 5.71 6.52 7.34 8.15 8.97 9.78
39.60% 4.14 4.97 5.79 6.62 7.45 8.28 9.11 9.93
40.79% 4.22 5.07 5.91 6.76 7.60 8.44 9.29 10.13
42.53% 4.35 5.22 6.09 6.96 7.83 8.70 9.57 10.44
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
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<PAGE>
American
Express(R)
Funds
This Fund, along with the other American Express mutual funds, is distributed by
American Express Financial Advisors Inc. and can be purchased from an American
Express financial advisor or from other authorized broker-dealers or third
parties. The Funds can be found under the "Amer Express" banner in most mutual
fund quotations.
Additional information about the Fund and its investments is available in the
Fund's SAI, annual and semiannual reports to shareholders. In the Fund's annual
report, you will find a discussion of market conditions and investment
strategies that significantly affected the Fund during its last fiscal year. The
SAI is incorporated by reference in this prospectus. For a free copy of the SAI,
the annual report, or the semiannual report contact American Express Client
Service Corporation.
American Express Client Service Corporation
P.O. Box 534, Minneapolis, MN 55440-0534
800-862-7919 TTY: 800-846-4852
Web site address:
http://www.americanexpress.com/advisors
You may review and copy information about the Fund, including the SAI, at the
Securities and Exchange Commission's (Commission) Public Reference Room in
Washington, D.C. (for information about the public reference room call
1-800-SEC-0330). Reports and other information about the Fund are available on
the Commission's Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. Copies of this information
may be obtained by writing and paying a duplicating fee to the Public Reference
Section of the Commission, Washington, D.C. 20549-6009.
Investment Company Act File #811-2901
TICKER SYMBOL
Class A: INHYX Class B: IHYBX Class Y: IHTYX
AMERICAN
EXPRESS (logo)
S-6430-99 N (1/99)
<PAGE>
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
FOR
AXPSM HIGH YIELD TAX-EXEMPT FUND (the Fund)
Jan. 29, 1999
This Statement of Additional Information (SAI) is not a prospectus. It should be
read together with the prospectus and the financial statements contained in the
most recent Annual Report to shareholders (Annual Report) that may be obtained
from your financial advisor or by writing to American Express Client Service
Corporation, P.O. Box 534, Minneapolis, MN 55440-0534 or by calling
800-862-7919.
The Independent Auditors' Report and the Financial Statements, including Notes
to the Financial Statements and the Schedule of Investments in Securities,
contained in the Annual Report are incorporated in this SAI by reference. No
other portion of the Annual Report, however, is incorporated by reference. The
prospectus for the Fund, dated the same date as this SAI, also is incorporated
in this SAI by reference.
<PAGE>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Mutual Fund Checklist......................................p. 3
Fundamental Investment Policies............................p. 5
Investment Strategies and Types of Investments.............p. 7
Information Regarding Risks and Investment Strategies......p. 9
Security Transactions.....................................p. 28
Brokerage Commissions Paid to Brokers Affiliated with
American Express Financial Corporation....................p. 29
Performance Information...................................p. 30
Valuing Fund Shares.......................................p. 32
Investing in the Fund.....................................p. 34
Selling Shares............................................p. 37
Pay-out Plans.............................................p. 38
Capital Loss Carryover....................................p. 39
Taxes.....................................................p. 40
Agreements................................................p. 42
Organizational Information................................p. 44
Board Members and Officers................................p. 46
Compensation for Board Members............................p. 49
Independent Auditors......................................p. 49
Appendix: Description of Ratings.........................p. 50
<PAGE>
MUTUAL FUND CHECKLIST
X Mutual funds are NOT guaranteed or insured by any
bank or government agency. You can lose money.
X Mutual funds ALWAYS carry investment risks. Some
types carry more risk than others.
X A higher rate of return typically involves a
higher risk of loss.
X Past performance is not a reliable indicator of
future performance.
X ALL mutual funds have costs that lower investment
return.
X You can buy some mutual funds by contacting them
directly. Others, like this one, are sold mainly
through brokers, banks, financial planners, or
insurance agents. If you buy through these
financial professionals, you generally will pay a
sales charge.
X Shop around. Compare a mutual fund with others of
the same type before you buy.
OTHER IDEAS FOR SUCCESSFUL MUTUAL FUND INVESTING:
Develop a Financial Plan
Have a plan - even a simple plan can help you take control of your financial
future. Review your plan with your advisor at least once a year or more
frequently if your circumstances change.
Dollar-Cost Averaging
An investment technique that works well for many investors is one that
eliminates random buy and sell decisions. One such system is dollar-cost
averaging. Dollar-cost averaging involves building a portfolio through the
investment of fixed amounts of money on a regular basis regardless of the price
or market condition. This may enable an investor to smooth out the effects of
the volatility of the financial markets. By using this strategy, more shares
will be purchased when the price is low and less when the price is high. As the
accompanying chart illustrates, dollar-cost averaging tends to keep the average
price paid for the shares lower than the average market price of shares
purchased, although there is no guarantee.
While this does not ensure a profit and does not protect against a loss if the
market declines, it is an effective way for many shareholders who can continue
investing through changing market conditions to accumulate shares to meet
long-term goals.
<PAGE>
Dollar-cost averaging:
- -------------------------------------------------------------
Regular Market Price Shares
Investment of a Share Acquired
- -------------------------------------------------------------
$100 $6.00 16.7
100 4.00 25.0
100 4.00 25.0
100 6.00 16.7
100 5.00 20.0
----- -------- ------
$500 $25.00 103.4
Average market price of a share over 5 periods: $5.00 ($25.00 divided by 5)
The average price you paid for each share: $4.84 ($500 divided by 103.4)
Diversify
Diversify your portfolio. By investing in different asset classes and different
economic environments you help protect against poor performance in one type of
investment while including investments most likely to help you achieve your
important goals.
Understand Your Investment
Know what you are buying. Make sure you understand the potential risks, rewards,
costs, and expenses associated with each of your investments.
<PAGE>
FUNDAMENTAL INVESTMENT POLICIES
The Fund pursues its investment objective by investing all of its assets in
Tax-Free High Yield Portfolio (the Portfolio) of Tax-Free Income Trust (the
Trust), a separate investment company, rather than by directly investing in and
managing its own portfolio of securities. The Portfolio has the same investment
objectives, policies, and restrictions as the Fund. References to "Fund" in this
SAI, where applicable, refer to the Fund and Portfolio, collectively, to the
Fund, singularly, or to the Portfolio, singularly.
Fundamental investment policies adopted by the Fund cannot be changed without
the approval of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund as
defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act).
Notwithstanding any of the Fund's other investment policies, the Fund may invest
its assets in an open-end management investment company having substantially the
same investment objectives, policies, and restrictions as the Fund for the
purpose of having those assets managed as part of a combined pool.
The policies below are fundamental policies that apply to the Fund and may be
changed only with shareholder approval. Unless holders of a majority of the
outstanding voting securities agree to make the change, the Fund will not:
o Under normal market conditions, invest less than 80% of its net assets in
bonds and notes issued by or on behalf of state and local governmental
units whose interest, in the opinion of counsel for the issuer, is exempt
from federal income tax and is not subject to the alternative minimum tax.
o Act as an underwriter (sell securities for others). However, under the
securities laws, the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter when it
purchases securities directly from the issuer and later resells them.
o Borrow money or property, except as a temporary measure for extraordinary
or emergency purposes, in an amount not exceeding one-third of the market
value of its total assets (including borrowings) less liabilities (other
than borrowings) immediately after the borrowing.
o Make cash loans if the total commitment amount exceeds 5% of the Fund's
total assets.
o Invest more than 5% of its total assets in securities of any one company,
government, or political subdivision thereof, except the limitation will
not apply to investments in securities issued by the U.S. government, its
agencies, or instrumentalities, and except that up to 25% of the Fund's
total assets may be invested without regard to this 5% limitation. For
purposes of this policy, the terms of a municipal security determine the
issuer.
o Buy or sell real estate, unless acquired as a result of ownership of
securities or other instruments, except this shall not prevent the Fund
from investing in securities or other instruments backed by real estate or
securities of companies engaged in the real estate business or real estate
investment trusts. For purposes of this policy, real estate includes real
estate limited partnerships.
o Buy or sell physical commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership
of securities or other instruments, except this shall not prevent the Fund
from buying or selling options and futures contracts or from investing in
securities or other instruments backed by, or whose value is derived from,
physical commodities.
o Lend Fund securities in excess of 30% of its net assets.
<PAGE>
Except for the fundamental investment policies listed above, the other
investment policies described in the prospectus and in this SAI are not
fundamental and may be changed by the board at any time.
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND TYPES OF INVESTMENTS
This table shows various investment strategies and investments that many funds
are allowed to engage in and purchase. It also lists certain percentage
guidelines that are generally followed by the Fund's investment manager. This
table is intended to show the breadth of investments that the investment manager
may make on behalf of the Fund. For a description of principal risks, please see
the prospectus. Notwithstanding the Fund's ability to utilize these strategies
and techniques, the investment manager is not obligated to use them at any
particular time. For example, even though the investment manager is authorized
to adopt temporary defensive positions and is authorized to attempt to hedge
against certain types of risk, these practices are left to the investment
manager's sole discretion.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Investment strategies & types of investments: AXP High Yield
Tax-Exempt
Allowable for the Fund?
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agency and Government Securities yes
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Borrowing yes
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash/Money Market Instruments yes
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Collateralized Bond Obligations yes
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commercial Paper yes
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Common Stock no
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Convertible Securities yes
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Corporate Bonds yes
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Debt Obligations yes
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Depositary Receipts no
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Derivative Instruments yes
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Foreign Currency Transactions yes
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Foreign Securities yes
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
High-Yield (High-Risk) Securities (Junk Bonds) yes
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Illiquid and Restricted Securities yes
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexed Securities yes
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Inverse Floaters yes
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Investment Companies no
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lending of Portfolio Securities yes
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Loan Participations yes
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Securities yes
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mortgage Dollar Rolls yes
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Municipal Obligations yes
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preferred Stock no
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Real Estate Investment Trusts yes
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Repurchase Agreements yes
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reverse Repurchase Agreements yes
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Short Sales no
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sovereign Debt yes
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Structured Products yes
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Variable- or Floating-Rate Securities yes
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Warrants yes
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
When-Issued Securities yes
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Zero-Coupon, Step-Coupon, and Pay-in-Kind Securities yes
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<PAGE>
The following are guidelines that may be changed by the board at any time:
o The Fund may invest more than 25% of its total assets in industrial revenue
bonds, but it does not intend to invest more than 25% of its total assets
in industrial revenue bonds issued for companies in the same industry or
state.
o No more than 5% of the Fund's net assets can be used at any one time for
good faith deposits on futures and premiums for options on futures that do
not offset existing investment positions.
o No more than 10% of the Fund's net assets will be held in securities and
other instruments that are illiquid.
o Short-term tax-exempt debt securities rated in the top two grades or the
equivalent are used to meet daily cash needs and at various times to hold
assets until better investment opportunities arise. Under extraordinary
conditions where, in the opinion of the investment manager, appropriate
short-term tax-exempt securities are not available, the Fund may invest up
to 20% of its net assets in certain taxable investments for temporary
defensive purposes.
o The Fund will not buy on margin or sell short, except the Fund may use
derivative instruments.
o Under normal market conditions, the Fund does not intend to commit more
than 5% of its total assets to when-issued securities or forward
commitments.
<PAGE>
INFORMATION REGARDING RISKS AND INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
RISKS
The following is a summary of common risk characteristics. Following this
summary is a description of certain investments and investment strategies and
the risks most commonly associated with them (including certain risks not
described below and, in some cases, a more comprehensive discussion of how the
risks apply to a particular investment or investment strategy). Please remember
that a mutual fund's risk profile is largely defined by the fund's primary
securities and investment strategies. However, most mutual funds are allowed to
use certain other strategies and investments that may have different risk
characteristics. Some of these investments are speculative and involve a high
degree of risk. Accordingly, one or more of the following types of risk will be
associated with the Fund at any time (for a description of principal risks,
please see the prospectus):
Call/Prepayment Risk
The risk that a bond or other security might be called (or otherwise converted,
prepaid, or redeemed) before maturity. This type of risk is closely related to
"reinvestment risk."
Credit Risk
The risk that the issuer of a security, or the counterparty to a contract, will
default or otherwise become unable to honor a financial obligation (such as
payments due on a bond or a note). The price of junk bonds may react more to the
ability of the issuing company to pay interest and principal when due than to
changes in interest rates. They have greater price fluctuations and are more
likely to experience default.
Event Risk
Occasionally, the value of a security may be seriously and unexpectedly changed
by a natural or industrial accident or occurrence.
Foreign/Emerging Markets Risk
The following are all components of foreign/emerging markets risk:
Country risk includes the political, economic, and other conditions of
a country. These conditions include lack of publicly available information, less
government oversight (including lack of accounting, auditing, and financial
reporting standards), the possibility of government-imposed restrictions, and
even the nationalization of assets.
Currency risk results from the constantly changing exchange rate
between local currency and the U.S. dollar. Whenever the Fund holds securities
valued in a foreign currency or holds the currency, changes in the exchange rate
add or subtract from the value of the investment.
Custody risk refers to the process of clearing and settling trades. It
also covers holding securities with local agents and depositories. Low trading
volumes and volatile prices in less developed markets make trades harder to
complete and settle. Local agents are held only to the standard of care of the
local market. Governments or trade groups may compel local agents to hold
securities in designated depositories that are not subject to independent
evaluation. The less developed a country's securities market is, the greater the
likelihood of problems occurring.
<PAGE>
Emerging markets risk includes the dramatic pace of change (economic, social,
and political) in these countries as well as the other considerations listed
above. These markets are in early stages of development and are extremely
volatile. They can be marked by extreme inflation, devaluation of currencies,
dependence on trade partners, and hostile relations with neighboring countries.
Inflation Risk
Also known as purchasing power risk, inflation risk measures the effects of
continually rising prices on investments. If an investment's yield is lower than
the rate of inflation, your money will have less purchasing power as time goes
on.
Interest Rate Risk
The risk of losses attributable to changes in interest rates. This term is
generally associated with, but not limited to, bond prices (when interest rates
rise, bond prices fall).
Issuer Risk
The risk that an issuer, or the value of its stocks or bonds, will perform
poorly. Poor performance may be caused by poor management decisions, competitive
pressures, breakthroughs in technology, reliance on suppliers, labor problems or
shortages, corporate restructurings, fraudulent disclosures, or other factors.
Legal/Legislative Risk
Congress and other governmental units have the power to change existing laws
affecting securities. A change in law might affect an investment adversely.
Leverage Risk
Some derivative investments (such as options, futures, or options on futures)
require little or no initial payment and base their price on a security, a
currency, or an index. A small change in the value of the underlying security,
currency, or index may cause a sizable gain or loss in the price of the
instrument.
Liquidity Risk
Securities may be difficult or impossible to sell at the time that the Fund
would like. The Fund may have to lower the selling price, sell other
investments, or forego an investment opportunity.
Management Risk
The risk that a strategy or selection method utilized by the investment manager
may fail to produce the intended result. When all other factors have been
accounted for and the investment manager chooses an investment, there is always
the possibility that the choice will be a poor one.
Market Risk
The market may drop and you may lose money. Market risk may affect a single
issuer, sector of the economy, industry, or the market as a whole. The market
value of all securities may move up and down, sometimes rapidly and
unpredictably.
Reinvestment Risk
The risk that an investor will not be able to reinvest their income or principal
at the same rate as it currently is earning.
<PAGE>
Sector/Concentration Risk
Investments that are concentrated in a particular issuer, geographic region, or
industry will be more susceptible to changes in price (the more you diversify,
the more you spread risk).
Small Company Risk
Investments in small and medium companies often involve greater risks than
investments in larger, more established companies because small and medium
companies may lack the management experience, financial resources, product
diversification, and competitive strengths of larger companies. In addition, in
many instances the securities of small and medium companies are traded only
over-the-counter or on regional securities exchanges and the frequency and
volume of their trading is substantially less than is typical of larger
companies.
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
The following information supplements the discussion of the Fund's investment
objectives, policies, and strategies that are described in the prospectus and in
this SAI. The following describes many strategies that many mutual funds use and
types of securities that they purchase. Please refer to the section entitled
Investment Strategies and Types of Investments to see which are applicable to
the Fund.
Agency and Government Securities
The U.S. government and its agencies issue many different types of securities.
U.S. Treasury bonds, notes, and bills and securities including mortgage pass
through certificates of the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) are
guaranteed by the U.S. government. Other U.S. government securities are issued
or guaranteed by federal agencies or government-sponsored enterprises but are
not guaranteed by the U.S. government. This may increase the credit risk
associated with these investments.
Government-sponsored entities issuing securities include privately owned,
publicly chartered entities created to reduce borrowing costs for certain
sectors of the economy, such as farmers, homeowners, and students. They include
the Federal Farm Credit Bank System, Farm Credit Financial Assistance
Corporation, Federal Home Loan Bank, FHLMC, FNMA, Student Loan Marketing
Association (SLMA), and Resolution Trust Corporation (RTC). Government-sponsored
entities may issue discount notes (with maturities ranging from overnight to 360
days) and bonds. Agency and government securities are subject to the same
concerns as other debt obligations. (See also Debt Obligations and Mortgage- and
Asset-Backed Securities.)
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with agency and government securities include:
Call/Prepayment Risk, Inflation Risk, Interest Rate Risk, Management Risk, and
Reinvestment Risk.
Borrowing
The Fund may borrow money from banks for temporary or emergency purposes and
make other investments or engage in other transactions permissible under the
1940 Act that may be considered a borrowing (such as derivative instruments).
Borrowings are subject to costs (in addition to any interest that may be paid)
and typically reduce the Fund's total return. Except as qualified above,
however, the Fund will not buy securities on margin.
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with borrowing include: Inflation Risk and Management
Risk.
Cash/Money Market Instruments
The Fund may maintain a portion of its assets in cash and cash-equivalent
investments. Cash-equivalent investments include short-term U.S. and Canadian
government securities and negotiable certificates of deposit, non-negotiable
fixed-time deposits, bankers' acceptances, and letters of credit of banks or
savings and loan associations having capital, surplus, and undivided profits (as
of the date of its most recently published annual financial statements) in
excess of $100 million (or the equivalent in the instance of a foreign branch of
a U.S. bank) at the date of investment. The Fund also may purchase short-term
notes and obligations of U.S. and foreign banks and corporations and may use
repurchase agreements with broker-dealers registered under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 and with commercial banks. (See also Commercial Paper, Debt
Obligations, Repurchase Agreements, and Variable- or Floating-Rate Securities.)
These types of instruments generally offer low rates of return and subject the
Fund to certain costs and expenses.
See the appendix for a discussion of securities ratings.
<PAGE>
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with cash/money market instruments include: Credit
Risk, Inflation Risk, and Management Risk.
Collateralized Bond Obligations
Collateralized bond obligations (CBOs) are investment grade bonds backed by a
pool of junk bonds. CBOs are similar in concept to collateralized mortgage
obligations (CMOs), but differ in that CBOs represent different degrees of
credit quality rather than different maturities. (See also Mortgage- and
Asset-Backed Securities.) Underwriters of CBOs package a large and diversified
pool of high-risk, high-yield junk bonds, which is then separated into "tiers."
Typically, the first tier represents the higher quality collateral and pays the
lowest interest rate; the second tier is backed by riskier bonds and pays a
higher rate; the third tier represents the lowest credit quality and instead of
receiving a fixed interest rate receives the residual interest payments--money
that is left over after the higher tiers have been paid. CBOs, like CMOs, are
substantially overcollateralized and this, plus the diversification of the pool
backing them earns them investment-grade bond ratings. Holders of third-tier
CBOs stand to earn high yields or less money depending on the rate of defaults
in the collateral pool.
(See also High-Yield (High-Risk) Securities.)
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with CBOs include: Call/Prepayment Risk, Credit Risk,
Interest Rate Risk, and Management Risk.
Commercial Paper
Commercial paper is a short-term debt obligation with a maturity ranging from 2
to 270 days issued by banks, corporations, and other borrowers. It is sold to
investors with temporary idle cash as a way to increase returns on a short-term
basis. These instruments are generally unsecured, which increases the credit
risk associated with this type of investment. (See also Debt Obligations and
Illiquid and Restricted Securities.)
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with commercial paper include: Credit Risk, Liquidity
Risk, and Management Risk.
Common Stock
Common stock represents units of ownership in a corporation. Owners typically
are entitled to vote on the selection of directors and other important matters
as well as to receive dividends on their holdings. In the event that a
corporation is liquidated, the claims of secured and unsecured creditors and
owners of bonds and preferred stock take precedence over the claims of those who
own common stock.
The price of a common stock is generally determined by corporate earnings, type
of products or services offered, projected growth rates, experience of
management, liquidity, and general market conditions for the markets on which
the stock trades.
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with common stock include: Issuer Risk, Management
Risk, Market Risk, and Small Company Risk.
Convertible Securities
Convertible securities are bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks, or other
securities that may be converted into common stock of the same or a different
issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price. Some convertible
securities, such as preferred equity-redemption cumulative stock (PERCs), have
mandatory conversion features. Others are voluntary. A convertible security
entitles the holder to receive interest normally paid or accrued on debt or the
dividend paid on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is
redeemed, converted, or exchanged. Convertible securities have unique investment
characteristics in that they generally (i) have higher yields than common stocks
but lower yields
<PAGE>
than comparable non-convertible securities, (ii) are less subject to fluctuation
in value than the underlying stock since they have fixed income characteristics,
and (iii) provide the potential for capital appreciation if the market price of
the underlying common stock increases.
The value of a convertible security is a function of its "investment value"
(determined by its yield in comparison with the yields of other securities of
comparable maturity and quality that do not have a conversion privilege) and its
"conversion value" (the security's worth, at market value, if converted into the
underlying common stock). The investment value of a convertible security is
influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value declining as
interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline. The credit
standing of the issuer and other factors also may have an effect on the
convertible security's investment value. The conversion value of a convertible
security is determined by the market price of the underlying common stock. If
the conversion value is low relative to the investment value, the price of the
convertible security is governed principally by its investment value. Generally,
the conversion value decreases as the convertible security approaches maturity.
To the extent the market price of the underlying common stock approaches or
exceeds the conversion price, the price of the convertible security will be
increasingly influenced by its conversion value. A convertible security
generally will sell at a premium over its conversion value by the extent to
which investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock
while holding a fixed income security.
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with convertible securities include: Call/Prepayment
Risk, Interest Rate Risk, Issuer Risk, Management Risk, Market Risk, and
Reinvestment Risk.
Corporate Bonds
Corporate bonds are debt obligations issued by private corporations, as distinct
from bonds issued by a government agency or a municipality. Corporate bonds
typically have four distinguishing features: (1) they are taxable; (2) they have
a par value of $1000; (3) they have a term maturity, which means they come due
all at once; and (4) many are traded on major exchanges. Corporate bonds are
subject to the same concerns as other debt obligations. (See also Debt
Obligations and High-Yield (High-Risk) Securities.)
Corporate bonds may be either secured or unsecured. Unsecured corporate bonds
are generally referred to as "debentures." See the appendix for a discussion of
securities ratings.
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with corporate bonds include: Call/Prepayment Risk,
Credit Risk, Interest Rate Risk, Issuer Risk, Management Risk, and Reinvestment
Risk.
Debt Obligations
Many different types of debt obligations exist (for example, bills, bonds, or
notes). Issuers of debt obligations have a contractual obligation to pay
interest at a specified rate on specified dates and to repay principal on a
specified maturity date. Certain debt obligations (usually intermediate- and
long-term bonds) have provisions that allow the issuer to redeem or "call" a
bond before its maturity. Issuers are most likely to call these securities
during periods of falling interest rates. When this happens, an investor may
have to replace these securities with lower yielding securities, which could
result in a lower return.
The market value of debt obligations is affected primarily by changes in
prevailing interest rates and the issuers perceived ability to repay the debt.
The market value of a debt obligation generally reacts inversely to interest
rate changes. When prevailing interest rates decline, the price usually rises,
and when prevailing interest rates rise, the price usually declines.
<PAGE>
In general, the longer the maturity of a debt obligation, the higher its yield
and the greater the sensitivity to changes in interest rates. Conversely, the
shorter the maturity, the lower the yield but the greater the price stability.
As noted, the values of debt obligations also may be affected by changes in the
credit rating or financial condition of their issuers. Generally, the lower the
quality rating of a security, the higher the degree of risk as to the payment of
interest and return of principal. To compensate investors for taking on such
increased risk, those issuers deemed to be less creditworthy generally must
offer their investors higher interest rates than do issuers with better credit
ratings. (See also Agency and Government Securities, Corporate Bonds, and
High-Yield (High-Risk) Securities.)
See the appendix for a discussion of securities ratings.
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with debt obligations include: Call/Prepayment Risk,
Credit Risk, Interest Rate Risk, Issuer Risk, Management Risk, and Reinvestment
Risk.
Depositary Receipts
Some foreign securities are traded in the form of American Depositary Receipts
(ADRs). ADRs are receipts typically issued by a U.S. bank or trust company
evidencing ownership of the underlying securities of foreign issuers. European
Depositary Receipts (EDRs) and Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs) are receipts
typically issued by foreign banks or trust companies, evidencing ownership of
underlying securities issued by either a foreign or U.S. issuer. Generally,
depositary receipts in registered form are designed for use in the U.S. and
depositary receipts in bearer form are designed for use in securities markets
outside the U.S. Depositary receipts may not necessarily be denominated in the
same currency as the underlying securities into which they may be converted.
Depositary receipts involve the risks of other investments in foreign
securities. (See also Common Stock and Foreign Securities.)
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with depositary receipts include: Foreign/Emerging
Markets Risk, Issuer Risk, Management Risk, and Market Risk.
Derivative Instruments
Derivative instruments are commonly defined to include securities or contracts
whose values depend on (or "derive" from) the value of one or more other assets,
such as securities, currencies, or commodities.
A derivative instrument generally consists of, is based upon, or exhibits
characteristics similar to options or forward contracts. Such instruments may be
used to maintain cash reserves while remaining fully invested, to offset
anticipated declines in values of investments, to facilitate trading, to reduce
transaction costs, or to pursue higher investment returns. Derivative
instruments are characterized by requiring little or no initial payment. Their
value changes daily based on a security, a currency, a group of securities or
currencies, or an index. A small change in the value of the underlying security,
currency, or index can cause a sizable gain or loss in the price of the
derivative instrument.
Options and forward contracts are considered to be the basic "building blocks"
of derivatives. For example, forward-based derivatives include forward
contracts, swap contracts, and exchange-traded futures. Forward-based
derivatives are sometimes referred to generically as "futures contracts."
Option-based derivatives include privately negotiated, over-the-counter (OTC)
options (including caps, floors, collars, and options on futures) and
exchange-traded options on futures. Diverse types of derivatives may be created
by combining options or futures in different ways, and by applying these
structures to a wide range of underlying assets.
<PAGE>
Options. An option is a contract. A person who buys a call option for a
security has the right to buy the security at a set price for the length of the
contract. A person who sells a call option is called a writer. The writer of a
call option agrees to sell the security at the set price when the buyer wants to
exercise the option, no matter what the market price of the security is at that
time. A person who buys a put option has the right to sell a security at a set
price for the length of the contract. A person who writes a put option agrees to
buy the security at the set price if the purchaser wants to exercise the option,
no matter what the market price of the security is at that time. An option is
covered if the writer owns the security (in the case of a call) or sets aside
the cash or securities of equivalent value (in the case of a put) that would be
required upon exercise.
The price paid by the buyer for an option is called a premium. In addition to
the premium, the buyer generally pays a broker a commission. The writer receives
a premium, less another commission, at the time the option is written. The
premium received by the writer is retained whether or not the option is
exercised. A writer of a call option may have to sell the security for a
below-market price if the market price rises above the exercise price. A writer
of a put option may have to pay an above-market price for the security if its
market price decreases below the exercise price. The risk of the writer is
potentially unlimited, unless the option is covered.
When an option is purchased, the buyer pays a premium and a commission. It then
pays a second commission on the purchase or sale of the underlying security when
the option is exercised. For record keeping and tax purposes, the price obtained
on the purchase of the underlying security is the combination of the exercise
price, the premium, and both commissions.
One of the risks an investor assumes when it buys an option is the loss of the
premium. To be beneficial to the investor, the price of the underlying security
must change within the time set by the option contract. Furthermore, the change
must be sufficient to cover the premium paid, the commissions paid both in the
acquisition of the option and in a closing transaction or in the exercise of the
option and sale (in the case of a call) or purchase (in the case of a put) of
the underlying security. Even then, the price change in the underlying security
does not ensure a profit since prices in the option market may not reflect such
a change.
Options on many securities are listed on options exchanges. If the Fund writes
listed options, it will follow the rules of the options exchange. Options are
valued at the close of the New York Stock Exchange. An option listed on a
national exchange, CBOE, or NASDAQ will be valued at the last quoted sales price
or, if such a price is not readily available, at the mean of the last bid and
ask prices.
Options on certain securities are not actively traded on any exchange, but may
be entered into directly with a dealer. These options may be more difficult to
close. If an investor is unable to effect a closing purchase transaction, it
will not be able to sell the underlying security until the call written by the
investor expires or is exercised.
Futures Contracts. A futures contract is a sales contract between a buyer
(holding the "long" position) and a seller (holding the "short" position) for an
asset with delivery deferred until a future date. The buyer agrees to pay a
fixed price at the agreed future date and the seller agrees to deliver the
asset. The seller hopes that the market price on the delivery date is less than
the agreed upon price, while the buyer hopes for the contrary. Many futures
contracts trade in a manner similar to the way a stock trades on a stock
exchange and the commodity exchanges.
Generally, a futures contract is terminated by entering into an offsetting
transaction. An offsetting transaction is effected by an investor taking an
opposite position. At the time a futures contract is made, a good faith deposit
called initial margin is set up. Daily thereafter, the futures contract is
valued and the payment of variation margin is required so that each day an
investor would pay out cash in an amount equal to any decline in the contract's
value or receive cash equal to any increase. At the time a futures
<PAGE>
contract is closed out, a nominal commission is paid, which is generally lower
than the commission on a comparable transaction in the cash market.
Options on Futures Contracts. Options on futures contracts give the holder
a right to buy or sell futures contracts in the future. Unlike a futures
contract, which requires the parties to the contract to buy and sell a security
on a set date, an option on a futures contract merely entitles its holder to
decide on or before a future date (within nine months of the date of issue)
whether to enter into a contract. If the holder decides not to enter into the
contract, all that is lost is the amount (premium) paid for the option. Further,
because the value of the option is fixed at the point of sale, there are no
daily payments of cash to reflect the change in the value of the underlying
contract. However, since an option gives the buyer the right to enter into a
contract at a set price for a fixed period of time, its value does change daily.
One of the risks in buying an option on a futures contract is the loss of the
premium paid for the option. The risk involved in writing options on futures
contracts an investor owns, or on securities held in its portfolio, is that
there could be an increase in the market value of these contracts or securities.
If that occurred, the option would be exercised and the asset sold at a lower
price than the cash market price. To some extent, the risk of not realizing a
gain could be reduced by entering into a closing transaction. An investor could
enter into a closing transaction by purchasing an option with the same terms as
the one previously sold. The cost to close the option and terminate the
investor's obligation, however, might still result in a loss. Further, the
investor might not be able to close the option because of insufficient activity
in the options market. Purchasing options also limits the use of monies that
might otherwise be available for long-term investments.
Options on Stock Indexes. Options on stock indexes are securities traded
on national securities exchanges. An option on a stock index is similar to an
option on a futures contract except all settlements are in cash. A fund
exercising a put, for example, would receive the difference between the exercise
price and the current index level.
Tax Treatment. As permitted under federal income tax laws and to the
extent the Fund is allowed to invest in futures contacts, the Fund intends to
identify futures contracts as mixed straddles and not mark them to market, that
is, not treat them as having been sold at the end of the year at market value.
Such an election may result in the Fund being required to defer recognizing
losses incurred by entering into futures contracts and losses on underlying
securities identified as being hedged against.
Federal income tax treatment of gains or losses from transactions in options on
futures contracts and indexes will depend on whether the option is a section
1256 contract. If the option is a non-equity option, the Fund will either make a
1256(d) election and treat the option as a mixed straddle or mark to market the
option at fiscal year end and treat the gain/loss as 40% short-term and 60%
long-term. Certain provisions of the Internal Revenue Code also may limit the
Fund's ability to engage in futures contracts and related options transactions.
For example, at the close of each quarter of the Fund's taxable year, at least
50% of the value of its assets must consist of cash, government securities and
other securities, subject to certain diversification requirements.
The IRS has ruled publicly that an exchange-traded call option is a security for
purposes of the 50%-of-assets test and that its issuer is the issuer of the
underlying security, not the writer of the option, for purposes of the
diversification requirements.
Accounting for futures contracts will be according to generally accepted
accounting principles. Initial margin deposits will be recognized as assets due
from a broker (the Fund's agent in acquiring the futures position). During the
period the futures contract is open, changes in value of the contract will be
recognized as unrealized gains or losses by marking to market on a daily basis
to reflect the market value of the contract at the end of each day's trading.
Variation margin payments will be made or received
<PAGE>
depending upon whether gains or losses are incurred. All contracts and options
will be valued at the last-quoted sales price on their primary exchange.
Other Risks of Derivatives.
Derivatives are risky investments.
The primary risk of derivatives is the same as the risk of the underlying asset,
namely that the value of the underlying asset may go up or down. Adverse
movements in the value of an underlying asset can expose an investor to losses.
Derivative instruments may include elements of leverage and, accordingly, the
fluctuation of the value of the derivative instrument in relation to the
underlying asset may be magnified. The successful use of derivative instruments
depends upon a variety of factors, particularly the investment manager's ability
to predict movements of the securities, currencies, and commodity markets, which
requires different skills than predicting changes in the prices of individual
securities. There can be no assurance that any particular strategy will succeed.
Another risk is the risk that a loss may be sustained as a result of the failure
of a counterparty to comply with the terms of a derivative instrument. The
counterparty risk for exchange-traded derivative instruments is generally less
than for privately-negotiated or OTC derivative instruments, since generally a
clearing agency, which is the issuer or counterparty to each exchange-traded
instrument, provides a guarantee of performance. For privately-negotiated
instruments, there is no similar clearing agency guarantee. In all transactions,
an investor will bear the risk that the counterparty will default, and this
could result in a loss of the expected benefit of the derivative transaction and
possibly other losses.
When a derivative transaction is used to completely hedge another position,
changes in the market value of the combined position (the derivative instrument
plus the position being hedged) result from an imperfect correlation between the
price movements of the two instruments. With a perfect hedge, the value of the
combined position remains unchanged for any change in the price of the
underlying asset. With an imperfect hedge, the values of the derivative
instrument and its hedge are not perfectly correlated. For example, if the value
of a derivative instrument used in a short hedge (such as writing a call option,
buying a put option, or selling a futures contract) increased by less than the
decline in value of the hedged investment, the hedge would not be perfectly
correlated. Such a lack of correlation might occur due to factors unrelated to
the value of the investments being hedged, such as speculative or other
pressures on the markets in which these instruments are traded.
Derivatives also are subject to the risk that they cannot be sold, closed out,
or replaced quickly at or very close to their fundamental value. Generally,
exchange contracts are very liquid because the exchange clearinghouse is the
counterparty of every contract. OTC transactions are less liquid than
exchange-traded derivatives since they often can only be closed out with the
other party to the transaction.
Another risk is caused by the legal unenforcibility of a party's obligations
under the derivative. A counterparty that has lost money in a derivative
transaction may try to avoid payment by exploiting various legal uncertainties
about certain derivative products.
(See also Foreign Currency Transactions.)
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with derivative instruments include: Leverage Risk,
Liquidity Risk, and Management Risk.
<PAGE>
Foreign Currency Transactions
Since investments in foreign countries usually involve currencies of foreign
countries, the value of an investor's assets as measured in U.S. dollars may be
affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in currency exchange rates and
exchange control regulations. Also, an investor may incur costs in connection
with conversions between various currencies. Currency exchange rates may
fluctuate significantly over short periods of time causing a fund's NAV to
fluctuate. Currency exchange rates are generally determined by the forces of
supply and demand in the foreign exchange markets, actual or anticipated changes
in interest rates, and other complex factors. Currency exchange rates also can
be affected by the intervention of U.S. or foreign governments or central banks,
or the failure to intervene, or by currency controls or political developments.
Many funds utilize diverse types of derivative instruments in connection with
their foreign currency exchange transactions.
(See also Derivative Instruments and Foreign Securities.)
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with foreign currency transactions include: Correlation
Risk, Interest Rate Risk, Leverage Risk, Liquidity Risk, and Management Risk.
Foreign Securities and Domestic Companies with Foreign Operations
Investors should recognize that investing in foreign securities involves special
risks, including those set forth below, which are not typically associated with
investing in U.S. securities. Foreign companies are not generally subject to
uniform accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards comparable to
those applicable to domestic companies. Additionally, many foreign stock
markets, while growing in volume of trading activity, have substantially less
volume than the New York Stock Exchange, and securities of some foreign
companies are less liquid and more volatile than securities of domestic
companies. Similarly, volume and liquidity in most foreign bond markets are less
than the volume and liquidity in the U.S. and, at times, volatility of price can
be greater than in the U.S. Further, foreign markets have different clearance,
settlement, registration, and communication procedures and in certain markets
there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the
volume of securities transactions making it difficult to conduct such
transactions. Delays in such procedures could result in temporary periods when
assets are uninvested and no return is earned on them. The inability of an
investor to make intended security purchases due to such problems could cause
the investor to miss attractive investment opportunities. Payment for securities
without delivery may be required in certain foreign markets and, when
participating in new issues, some foreign countries require payment to be made
in advance of issuance (at the time of issuance, the market value of the
security may be more or less than the purchase price). Some foreign markets also
have compulsory depositories (i.e., an investor does not have a choice as to
where the securities are held). Fixed commissions on some foreign stock
exchanges are generally higher than negotiated commissions on U.S. exchanges.
Further, an investor may encounter difficulties or be unable to pursue legal
remedies and obtain judgments in foreign courts. There is generally less
government supervision and regulation of business and industry practices, stock
exchanges, brokers, and listed companies than in the U.S. It may be more
difficult for an investor's agents to keep currently informed about corporate
actions such as stock dividends or other matters that may affect the prices of
portfolio securities. Communications between the U.S. and foreign countries may
be less reliable than within the U.S., thus increasing the risk of delays or
loss of certificates for portfolio securities. In addition, with respect to
certain foreign countries, there is the possibility of nationalization,
expropriation, the imposition of withholding or confiscatory taxes, political,
social, or economic instability, diplomatic developments that could affect
investments in those countries, or other unforeseen actions by regulatory bodies
(such as changes to settlement or custody procedures).
<PAGE>
The expected introduction of a single currency, the euro, on January 1, 1999 for
participating European nations in the Economic and Monetary Union ("EU")
presents unique uncertainties, including whether the payment and operational
systems of banks and other financial institutions will be ready by the scheduled
launch date; the creation of suitable clearing and settlement payment systems
for the new currency; the legal treatment of certain outstanding financial
contracts after January 1, 1999 that refer to existing currencies rather than
the euro; the establishment and maintenance of exchange rates; the fluctuation
of the euro relative to non-euro currencies during the transaction period from
January 1, 1999 to December 31, 2000 and beyond; whether the interest rate, tax
or labor regimes of European countries participating in the euro will converge
over time; and whether the conversion of the currencies of other EU countries
such as the United Kingdom, Denmark, and Greece into the euro and the admission
of other non-EU countries such as Poland, Latvia, and Lithuania as members of
the EU may have an impact on the euro.
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with foreign securities include: Foreign/Emerging
Markets Risk, Issuer Risk, and Management Risk.
High-Yield (High-Risk) Securities (Junk Bonds)
High yield (high-risk) securities are sometimes referred to as "junk bonds."
They are non-investment grade (lower quality) securities that have speculative
characteristics. Lower quality securities, while generally offering higher
yields than investment grade securities with similar maturities, involve greater
risks, including the possibility of default or bankruptcy. They are regarded as
predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer's capacity to pay interest
and repay principal. The special risk considerations in connection with
investments in these securities are discussed below.
See the appendix for a discussion of securities ratings. (See also Debt
Obligations.)
The lower-quality and comparable unrated security market is relatively new and
its growth has paralleled a long economic expansion. As a result, it is not
clear how this market may withstand a prolonged recession or economic downturn.
Such conditions could severely disrupt the market for and adversely affect the
value of such securities.
All interest-bearing securities typically experience appreciation when interest
rates decline and depreciation when interest rates rise. The market values of
lower-quality and comparable unrated securities tend to reflect individual
corporate developments to a greater extent than do higher rated securities,
which react primarily to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates.
Lower-quality and comparable unrated securities also tend to be more sensitive
to economic conditions than are higher-rated securities. As a result, they
generally involve more credit risks than securities in the higher-rated
categories. During an economic downturn or a sustained period of rising interest
rates, highly leveraged issuers of lower-quality securities may experience
financial stress and may not have sufficient revenues to meet their payment
obligations. The issuer's ability to service its debt obligations also may be
adversely affected by specific corporate developments, the issuer's inability to
meet specific projected business forecast, or the unavailability of additional
financing. The risk of loss due to default by an issuer of these securities is
significantly greater than issuers of higher-rated securities because such
securities are generally unsecured and are often subordinated to other
creditors. Further, if the issuer of a lower quality security defaulted, an
investor might incur additional expenses to seek recovery.
Credit ratings issued by credit rating agencies are designed to evaluate the
safety of principal and interest payments of rated securities. They do not,
however, evaluate the market value risk of lower-quality securities and,
therefore, may not fully reflect the true risks of an investment. In addition,
credit rating agencies may or may not make timely changes in a rating to reflect
changes in the economy or in the condition of the issuer that affect the market
value of the securities. Consequently, credit ratings are used only as a
preliminary indicator of investment quality.
<PAGE>
An investor may have difficulty disposing of certain lower-quality and
comparable unrated securities because there may be a thin trading market for
such securities. Because not all dealers maintain markets in all lower quality
and comparable unrated securities, there is no established retail secondary
market for many of these securities. To the extent a secondary trading market
does exist, it is generally not as liquid as the secondary market for
higher-rated securities. The lack of a liquid secondary market may have an
adverse impact on the market price of the security. The lack of a liquid
secondary market for certain securities also may make it more difficult for an
investor to obtain accurate market quotations. Market quotations are generally
available on many lower-quality and comparable unrated issues only from a
limited number of dealers and may not necessarily represent firm bids of such
dealers or prices for actual sales.
Legislation may be adopted from time to time designed to limit the use of
certain lower quality and comparable unrated securities by certain issuers.
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with high-yield (high-risk) securities include:
Call/Prepayment Risk, Credit Risk, Currency Risk, Interest Rate Risk, and
Management Risk.
Illiquid and Restricted Securities
The Fund may invest in illiquid securities (i.e., securities that are not
readily marketable). These securities may include, but are not limited to,
certain securities that are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on
resale, certain repurchase agreements, and derivative instruments.
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with illiquid and restricted securities include:
Liquidity Risk and Management Risk.
Indexed Securities
The value of indexed securities is linked to currencies, interest rates,
commodities, indexes, or other financial indicators. Most indexed securities are
short- to intermediate-term fixed income securities whose values at maturity or
interest rates rise or fall according to the change in one or more specified
underlying instruments. Indexed securities may be more volatile than the
underlying instrument itself and they may be less liquid than the securities
represented by the index. (See also Derivative Instruments.)
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with indexed securities include: Liquidity Risk,
Management Risk, and Market Risk.
Inverse Floaters
Inverse floaters are created by underwriters using the interest payment on
securities. A portion of the interest received is paid to holders of instruments
based on current interest rates for short-term securities. The remainder, minus
a servicing fee, is paid to holders of inverse floaters. As interest rates go
down, the holders of the inverse floaters receive more income and an increase in
the price for the inverse floaters. As interest rates go up, the holders of the
inverse floaters receive less income and a decrease in the price for the inverse
floaters. (See also Derivative Instruments.)
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with inverse floaters include: Interest Rate Risk and
Management Risk.
<PAGE>
Investment Companies
The Fund may invest in securities issued by registered and unregistered
investment companies. These investments may involve the duplication of advisory
fees and certain other expenses.
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risk associated with the securities of other investment companies
includes: Management Risk and Market Risk.
Lending of Portfolio Securities
The Fund may lend certain of its portfolio securities to broker-dealers. The
current policy of the Fund's board is to make these loans, either long- or
short-term, to broker-dealers. In making loans, the Fund receives the market
price in cash, U.S. government securities, letters of credit, or such other
collateral as may be permitted by regulatory agencies and approved by the board.
If the market price of the loaned securities goes up, an investor will get
additional collateral on a daily basis. The risks are that the borrower may not
provide additional collateral when required or return the securities when due.
During the existence of the loan, the Fund receives cash payments equivalent to
all interest or other distributions paid on the loaned securities. The Fund may
pay reasonable administrative and custodial fees in connection with a loan and
may pay a negotiated portion of the interest earned on the cash or money market
instruments held as collateral to the borrower or placing broker. The Fund will
receive reasonable interest on the loan or a flat fee from the borrower and
amounts equivalent to any dividends, interest, or other distributions on the
securities loaned.
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with the lending of portfolio securities include:
Credit Risk and Management Risk.
Loan Participations
Loans, loan participations, and interests in securitized loan pools are
interests in amounts owed by a corporate, governmental, or other borrower to a
lender or consortium of lenders (typically banks, insurance companies,
investment banks, government agencies, or international agencies). Loans involve
a risk of loss in case of default or insolvency of the borrower and may offer
less legal protection to an investor in the event of fraud or misrepresentation.
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with loan participations include: Credit Risk and
Management Risk.
Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Securities
Mortgage-backed securities represent direct or indirect participations in, or
are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans secured by real property, and
include single- and multi-class pass-through securities and Collateralized
Mortgage Obligations (CMOs). These securities may be issued or guaranteed by
U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities (see also Agency and Government
Securities), or by private issuers, generally originators and investors in
mortgage loans, including savings associations, mortgage bankers, commercial
banks, investment bankers, and special purpose entities. Mortgage-backed
securities issued by private lenders may be supported by pools of mortgage loans
or other mortgage-backed securities that are guaranteed, directly or indirectly,
by the U.S. government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities, or they may
be issued without any governmental guarantee of the underlying mortgage assets
but with some form of non-governmental credit enhancement.
Stripped mortgage-backed securities are a type of mortgage-backed security that
receive differing proportions of the interest and principal payments from the
underlying assets. Generally, there are two classes of stripped mortgage-backed
securities: Interest Only (IO) and Principal Only (PO). IOs entitle the holder
to receive distributions consisting of all or a portion of the interest on the
underlying pool of
<PAGE>
mortgage loans or mortgage-backed securities. POs entitle the holder to receive
distributions consisting of all or a portion of the principal of the underlying
pool of mortgage loans or mortgage-backed securities. The cash flows and yields
on IOs and POs are extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments
(including prepayments) on the underlying mortgage loans or mortgage-backed
securities. A rapid rate of principal payments may adversely affect the yield to
maturity of IOs. A slow rate of principal payments may adversely affect the
yield to maturity of POs. If prepayments of principal are greater than
anticipated, an investor in IOs may incur substantial losses. If prepayments of
principal are slower than anticipated, the yield on a PO will be affected more
severely than would be the case with a traditional mortgage-backed security.
CMOs are hybrid mortgage-related instruments secured by pools of mortgage loans
or other mortgage-related securities, such as mortgage pass through securities
or stripped mortgage-backed securities. CMOs may be structured into multiple
classes, often referred to as "tranches," with each class bearing a different
stated maturity and entitled to a different schedule for payments of principal
and interest, including prepayments. Principal prepayments on collateral
underlying a CMO may cause it to be retired substantially earlier than its
stated maturity.
The yield characteristics of mortgage-backed securities differ from those of
other debt securities. Among the differences are that interest and principal
payments are made more frequently on mortgage-backed securities, usually
monthly, and principal may be repaid at any time. These factors may reduce the
expected yield.
Asset-backed securities have structural characteristics similar to
mortgage-backed securities. Asset-backed debt obligations represent direct or
indirect participation in, or secured by and payable from, assets such as motor
vehicle installment sales contracts, other installment loan contracts, home
equity loans, leases of various types of property, and receivables from credit
card or other revolving credit arrangements. The credit quality of most
asset-backed securities depends primarily on the credit quality of the assets
underlying such securities, how well the entity issuing the security is
insulated from the credit risk of the originator or any other affiliated
entities, and the amount and quality of any credit enhancement of the
securities. Payments or distributions of principal and interest on asset-backed
debt obligations may be supported by non-governmental credit enhancements
including letters of credit, reserve funds, overcollateralization, and
guarantees by third parties. The market for privately issued asset-backed debt
obligations is smaller and less liquid than the market for government sponsored
mortgage-backed securities. (See also Derivative Instruments.)
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with mortgage- and asset-backed securities include:
Call/Prepayment Risk, Credit Risk, Interest Rate Risk, Liquidity Risk, and
Management Risk.
Mortgage Dollar Rolls
Mortgage dollar rolls are investments whereby an investor would sell
mortgage-backed securities for delivery in the current month and simultaneously
contract to purchase substantially similar securities on a specified future
date. While an investor would forego principal and interest paid on the
mortgage-backed securities during the roll period, the investor would be
compensated by the difference between the current sales price and the lower
price for the future purchase as well as by any interest earned on the proceeds
of the initial sale. The investor also could be compensated through the receipt
of fee income equivalent to a lower forward price.
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with mortgage dollar rolls include: Credit Risk,
Interest Rate Risk, and Management Risk.
<PAGE>
Municipal Obligations
Municipal obligations include debt obligations issued by or on behalf of states,
territories, or possessions of the United States (including the District of
Columbia). The interest on these obligations is generally exempt from federal
income tax. Municipal obligations are generally classified as either "general
obligations" or "revenue obligations."
General obligation bonds are secured by the issuer's pledge of its full faith,
credit, and taxing power for the payment of interest and principal. Revenue
bonds are payable only from the revenues derived from a project or facility or
from the proceeds of a specified revenue source. Industrial development bonds
are generally revenue bonds secured by payments from and the credit of private
users. Municipal notes are issued to meet the short-term funding requirements of
state, regional, and local governments. Municipal notes include tax anticipation
notes, bond anticipation notes, revenue anticipation notes, tax and revenue
anticipation notes, construction loan notes, short-term discount notes,
tax-exempt commercial paper, demand notes, and similar instruments.
Municipal lease obligations may take the form of a lease, an installment
purchase, or a conditional sales contract. They are issued by state and local
governments and authorities to acquire land, equipment, and facilities. An
investor may purchase these obligations directly, or it may purchase
participation interests in such obligations. Municipal leases may be subject to
greater risks than general obligation or revenue bonds. State constitutions and
statutes set forth requirements that states or municipalities must meet in order
to issue municipal obligations. Municipal leases may contain a covenant by the
state or municipality to budget for and make payments due under the obligation.
Certain municipal leases may, however, provide that the issuer is not obligated
to make payments on the obligation in future years unless funds have been
appropriated for this purpose each year.
Yields on municipal bonds and notes depend on a variety of factors, including
money market conditions, municipal bond market conditions, the size of a
particular offering, the maturity of the obligation, and the rating of the
issue. The municipal bond market has a large number of different issuers, many
having smaller sized bond issues, and a wide choice of different maturities
within each issue. For these reasons, most municipal bonds do not trade on a
daily basis and many trade only rarely. Because many of these bonds trade
infrequently, the spread between the bid and offer may be wider and the time
needed to develop a bid or an offer may be longer than other security markets.
See the appendix for a discussion of securities ratings. (See also Debt
Obligations.)
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with municipal obligations include: Credit Risk, Event
Risk, Inflation Risk, Interest Rate Risk, Legal/Legislative Risk, and Market
Risk.
Preferred Stock
Preferred stock is a type of stock that pays dividends at a specified rate and
that has preference over common stock in the payment of dividends and the
liquidation of assets. Preferred stock does not ordinarily carry voting rights.
The price of a preferred stock is generally determined by earnings, type of
products or services, projected growth rates, experience of management,
liquidity, and general market conditions of the markets on which the stock
trades.
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with preferred stock include: Issuer Risk, Management
Risk, and Market Risk.
<PAGE>
Real Estate Investment Trusts
Real estate investment trusts (REITs) are entities that manage a portfolio of
real estate to earn profits for their shareholders. REITs can make investments
in real estate such as shopping centers, nursing homes, office buildings,
apartment complexes, and hotels. REITs can be subject to extreme volatility due
to fluctuations in the demand for real estate, changes in interest rates, and
adverse economic conditions. Additionally, the failure of a REIT to continue to
qualify as a REIT for tax purposes can materially affect its value.
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest associated with REITs include: Issuer Risk, Management Risk, and Market
Risk.
Repurchase Agreements
The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with certain banks or non-bank
dealers. In a repurchase agreement, the Fund buys a security at one price, and
at the time of sale, the seller agrees to repurchase the obligation at a
mutually agreed upon time and price (usually within seven days). The repurchase
agreement, thereby, determines the yield during the purchaser's holding period,
while the seller's obligation to repurchase is secured by the value of the
underlying security. Repurchase agreements could involve certain risks in the
event of a default or insolvency of the other party to the agreement, including
possible delays or restrictions upon the Fund's ability to dispose of the
underlying securities. A specific risk of a repurchase agreement is that if the
seller seeks the protection of bankruptcy laws, the Fund's ability to liquidate
the security involved could be impaired.
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with repurchase agreements include: Credit Risk and
Management Risk.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
In a reverse repurchase agreement, the investor would sell a security and enter
into an agreement to repurchase the security at a specified future date and
price. The investor generally retains the right to interest and principal
payments on the security. Since the investor receives cash upon entering into a
reverse repurchase agreement, it may be considered a borrowing. (See also
Derivative Instruments.)
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with reverse repurchase agreements include: Credit
Risk, Interest Rate Risk, and Management Risk.
Short Sales
With short sales, an investor sells a security that it does not own in
anticipation of a decline in the market value of the security. To complete the
transaction, the investor must borrow the security to make delivery to the
buyer. The investor is obligated to replace the security that was borrowed by
purchasing it at the market price on the replacement date. The price at such
time may be more or less than the price at which the investor sold the security.
A fund that is allowed to utilize short sales will designate cash or liquid
securities to cover its open short positions. Those funds also may engage in
"short sales against the box," a form of short-selling that involves selling a
security that an investor owns (or has an unconditioned right to purchase) for
delivery at a specified date in the future. This technique allows an investor to
hedge protectively against anticipated declines in the market of its securities
or to defer an unrealized gain. If the value of the securities sold short
increased prior to the scheduled delivery date, the investor loses the
opportunity to participate in the gain.
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with short sales include: Management Risk and Market
Risk.
<PAGE>
Sovereign Debt
A sovereign debtor's willingness or ability to repay principal and pay interest
in a timely manner may be affected by a variety of factors, including its cash
flow situation, the extent of its reserves, the availability of sufficient
foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt
service burden to the economy as a whole, the sovereign debtor's policy toward
international lenders, and the political constraints to which a sovereign debtor
may be subject. (See also Foreign Securities.)
With respect to sovereign debt of emerging market issuers, investors should be
aware that certain emerging market countries are among the largest debtors to
commercial banks and foreign governments. At times, certain emerging market
countries have declared moratoria on the payment of principal and interest on
external debt.
Certain emerging market countries have experienced difficulty in servicing their
sovereign debt on a timely basis that led to defaults and the restructuring of
certain indebtedness.
Sovereign debt includes Brady Bonds, which are securities issued under the
framework of the Brady Plan, an initiative announced by former U.S. Treasury
Secretary Nicholas F. Brady in 1989 as a mechanism for debtor nations to
restructure their outstanding external commercial bank indebtedness.
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with sovereign debt include: Credit Risk,
Foreign/Emerging Markets Risk, and Management Risk.
Structured Products
Structured products are over-the-counter financial instruments created
specifically to meet the needs of one or a small number of investors. The
instrument may consist of a warrant, an option, or a forward contract embedded
in a note or any of a wide variety of debt, equity, and/or currency
combinations. Risks of structured products include the inability to close such
instruments, rapid changes in the market, and defaults by other parties. (See
also Derivative Instruments.)
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with structured products include: Credit Risk,
Liquidity Risk, and Management Risk.
Variable- or Floating-Rate Securities
The Fund may invest in securities that offer a variable- or floating-rate of
interest. Variable-rate securities provide for automatic establishment of a new
interest rate at fixed intervals (e.g., daily, monthly, semi-annually, etc.).
Floating-rate securities generally provide for automatic adjustment of the
interest rate whenever some specified interest rate index changes.
Variable- or floating-rate securities frequently include a demand feature
enabling the holder to sell the securities to the issuer at par. In many cases,
the demand feature can be exercised at any time. Some securities that do not
have variable or floating interest rates may be accompanied by puts producing
similar results and price characteristics.
Variable-rate demand notes include master demand notes that are obligations that
permit the Fund to invest fluctuating amounts, which may change daily without
penalty, pursuant to direct arrangements between the Fund as lender, and the
borrower. The interest rates on these notes fluctuate from time to time. The
issuer of such obligations normally has a corresponding right, after a given
period, to prepay in its discretion the outstanding principal amount of the
obligations plus accrued interest upon a specified number of days' notice to the
holders of such obligations. Because these obligations are direct lending
arrangements between the lender and borrower, it is not contemplated that such
instruments generally will be traded. There generally is not an established
secondary market for these obligations. Accordingly, where these
<PAGE>
obligations are not secured by letters of credit or other credit support
arrangements, the Fund's right to redeem is dependent on the ability of the
borrower to pay principal and interest on demand. Such obligations frequently
are not rated by credit rating agencies and may involve heightened risk of
default by the issuer.
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with variable- or floating-rate securities include:
Credit Risk and Management Risk.
Warrants
Warrants are securities giving the holder the right, but not the obligation, to
buy the stock of an issuer at a given price (generally higher than the value of
the stock at the time of issuance) during a specified period or perpetually.
Warrants may be acquired separately or in connection with the acquisition of
securities. Warrants do not carry with them the right to dividends or voting
rights and they do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuer.
Warrants may be considered to have more speculative characteristics than certain
other types of investments. In addition, the value of a warrant does not
necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities, and a warrant
ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date.
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with warrants include: Management Risk and Market Risk.
When-Issued Securities
These instruments are contracts to purchase securities for a fixed price at a
future date beyond normal settlement time (when-issued securities or forward
commitments). The price of debt obligations purchased on a when-issued basis,
which may be expressed in yield terms, generally is fixed at the time the
commitment to purchase is made, but delivery and payment for the securities take
place at a later date. Normally, the settlement date occurs within 45 days of
the purchase although in some cases settlement may take longer. The investor
does not pay for the securities or receive dividends or interest on them until
the contractual settlement date. Such instruments involve a risk of loss if the
value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date,
which risk is in addition to the risk of decline in value of the investor's
other assets.
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with when-issued securities include: Credit Risk and
Management Risk.
Zero-Coupon, Step-Coupon, and Pay-in-Kind Securities
These securities are debt obligations that do not make regular cash interest
payments (see also Debt Obligations). Zero-coupon and step-coupon securities are
sold at a deep discount to their face value because they do not pay interest
until maturity. Pay-in-kind securities pay interest through the issuance of
additional securities. Because these securities do not pay current cash income,
the price of these securities can be extremely volatile when interest rates
fluctuate. See the appendix for a discussion of securities ratings.
Although one or more of the other risks described in this SAI may apply, the
largest risks associated with zero-coupon, step-coupon, and pay-in-kind
securities include: Credit Risk, Interest Rate Risk, and Management Risk.
<PAGE>
SECURITY TRANSACTIONS
Subject to policies set by the board, AEFC is authorized to determine,
consistent with the Fund's investment goal and policies, which securities will
be purchased, held, or sold. In determining where the buy and sell orders are to
be placed, AEFC has been directed to use its best efforts to obtain the best
available price and the most favorable execution except where otherwise
authorized by the board. In selecting broker-dealers to execute transactions,
AEFC may consider the price of the security, including commission or mark-up,
the size and difficulty of the order, the reliability, integrity, financial
soundness, and general operation and execution capabilities of the broker, the
broker's expertise in particular markets, and research services provided by the
broker.
AEFC has a strict Code of Ethics that prohibits its affiliated personnel from
engaging in personal investment activities that compete with or attempt to take
advantage of planned portfolio transactions for any fund or trust for which it
acts as investment manager.
The Fund's securities may be traded on a principal rather than an agency basis.
In other words, AEFC will trade directly with the issuer or with a dealer who
buys or sells for its own account, rather than acting on behalf of another
client. AEFC does not pay the dealer commissions. Instead, the dealer's profit,
if any, is the difference, or spread, between the dealer's purchase and sale
price for the security.
On occasion, it may be desirable to compensate a broker for research services or
for brokerage services by paying a commission that might not otherwise be
charged or a commission in excess of the amount another broker might charge. The
board has adopted a policy authorizing AEFC to do so to the extent authorized by
law, if AEFC determines, in good faith, that such commission is reasonable in
relation to the value of the brokerage or research services provided by a broker
or dealer, viewed either in the light of that transaction or AEFC's overall
responsibilities with respect to the Fund and the other American Express mutual
funds for which it acts as investment manager.
Research provided by brokers supplements AEFC's own research activities. Such
services include economic data on, and analysis of, U.S. and foreign economies;
information on specific industries; information about specific companies,
including earnings estimates; purchase recommendations for stocks and bonds;
portfolio strategy services; political, economic, business, and industry trend
assessments; historical statistical information; market data services providing
information on specific issues and prices; and technical analysis of various
aspects of the securities markets, including technical charts. Research services
may take the form of written reports, computer software, or personal contact by
telephone or at seminars or other meetings. AEFC has obtained, and in the future
may obtain, computer hardware from brokers, including but not limited to
personal computers that will be used exclusively for investment decision-making
purposes, which include the research, portfolio management, and trading
functions and other services to the extent permitted under an interpretation by
the SEC.
When paying a commission that might not otherwise be charged or a commission in
excess of the amount another broker might charge, AEFC must follow procedures
authorized by the board. To date, three procedures have been authorized. One
procedure permits AEFC to direct an order to buy or sell a security traded on a
national securities exchange to a specific broker for research services it has
provided. The second procedure permits AEFC, in order to obtain research, to
direct an order on an agency basis to buy or sell a security traded in the
over-the-counter market to a firm that does not make a market in that security.
The commission paid generally includes compensation for research services. The
third procedure permits AEFC, in order to obtain research and brokerage
services, to cause the Fund to pay a commission in excess of the amount another
broker might have charged. AEFC has advised the Fund that it is necessary to do
business with a number of brokerage firms on a continuing basis to obtain such
services as the handling of large orders, the willingness of a broker to risk
its own money by taking a position in a security, and the specialized handling
of a particular group of securities that only certain brokers may be able to
offer. As a result of this arrangement, some portfolio transactions may not be
effected at the lowest
<PAGE>
commission, but AEFC believes it may obtain better overall execution. AEFC has
represented that under all three procedures the amount of commission paid will
be reasonable and competitive in relation to the value of the brokerage services
performed or research provided.
All other transactions will be placed on the basis of obtaining the best
available price and the most favorable execution. In so doing, if in the
professional opinion of the person responsible for selecting the broker or
dealer, several firms can execute the transaction on the same basis,
consideration will be given by such person to those firms offering research
services. Such services may be used by AEFC in providing advice to all the
American Express mutual funds even though it is not possible to relate the
benefits to any particular fund.
Each investment decision made for the Fund is made independently from any
decision made for another portfolio, fund, or other account advised by AEFC or
any of its subsidiaries. When the Fund buys or sells the same security as
another portfolio, fund, or account, AEFC carries out the purchase or sale in a
way the Fund agrees in advance is fair. Although sharing in large transactions
may adversely affect the price or volume purchased or sold by the Fund, the Fund
hopes to gain an overall advantage in execution.
On a periodic basis, AEFC makes a comprehensive review of the broker-dealers and
the overall reasonableness of their commissions. The review evaluates execution,
operational efficiency, and research services.
The Fund paid total brokerage commissions of $-0- for fiscal year, ended Nov.
30, 1998, $-0- for fiscal year 1997, and $150,492 for fiscal year 1996.
Substantially all firms through whom transactions were executed provide research
services.
No transactions were directed to brokers because of research services they
provided to the Fund.
As of the end of the most recent fiscal year, the Fund held no securities of its
regular brokers or dealers or of the parent of those brokers or dealers that
derived more than 15% of gross revenue from securities-related activities.
The portfolio turnover rate was 14% in the most recent fiscal year, and 4% in
the year before.
BROKERAGE COMMISSIONS PAID TO BROKERS AFFILIATED WITH AMERICAN EXPRESS FINANCIAL
CORPORATION
Affiliates of American Express Company (of which AEFC is a wholly-owned
subsidiary) may engage in brokerage and other securities transactions on behalf
of the Fund according to procedures adopted by the board and to the extent
consistent with applicable provisions of the federal securities laws. AEFC will
use an American Express affiliate only if (i) AEFC determines that the Fund will
receive prices and executions at least as favorable as those offered by
qualified independent brokers performing similar brokerage and other services
for the Fund and (ii) the affiliate charges the Fund commission rates consistent
with those the affiliate charges comparable unaffiliated customers in similar
transactions and if such use is consistent with terms of the Investment
Management Services Agreement.
No brokerage commissions were paid to brokers affiliated with AEFC for the three
most recent fiscal years.
<PAGE>
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
The Fund may quote various performance figures to illustrate past performance.
Average annual total return and current yield quotations, if applicable, used by
the Fund are based on standardized methods of computing performance as required
by the SEC. An explanation of the methods used by the Fund to compute
performance follows below.
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURN
The Fund may calculate average annual total return for a class for certain
periods by finding the average annual compounded rates of return over the period
that would equate the initial amount invested to the ending redeemable value,
according to the following formula:
P(1+T)n = ERV
where: P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000
T = average annual total return
n = number of years
ERV = ending redeemable value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment,
made at the beginning of a period, at the end of the period
(or fractional portion thereof)
AGGREGATE TOTAL RETURN
The Fund may calculate aggregate total return for a class for certain periods
representing the cumulative change in the value of an investment in the Fund
over a specified period of time according to the following formula:
ERV - P
P
where: P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000
ERV = ending redeemable value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment,
made at the beginning of a period, at the end of the period
(or fractional portion thereof)
Annualized yield
The Fund may calculate an annualized yield for a class by dividing the net
investment income per share deemed earned during a 30-day period by the public
offering price per share (including the maximum sales charge) on the last day of
the period and annualizing the results.
Yield is calculated according to the following formula:
Yield = 2[(a-b + 1)6 - 1]
cd
where: a = dividends and interest earned during the period
b = expenses accrued for the period (net of reimbursements)
c = the average daily number of shares outstanding during the
period that were entitled to receive dividends
d = the maximum offering price per share on the last day of the
period
The Fund's annualized yield was 4.13% for Class A, 3.59% for Class B, and 4.42%
for Class Y for the 30-day period ended Nov. 30, 1998.
<PAGE>
Distribution yield
Distribution yield is calculated according to the following formula:
D divided by POPF equals DY
30 30
where: D = sum of dividends for 30-day period
POP = sum of public offering price for 30-day period
F = annualizing factor DY = distribution yield
The Fund's distribution yield was 5.24% for Class A, 4.77% for Class B, and
5.59% for Class Y for the 30-day period ended Nov. 30, 1998.
Tax-equivalent yield
Tax-equivalent yield is calculated by dividing that portion of the yield (as
calculated above) which is tax-exempt by one minus a stated income tax rate and
adding the result to that portion, if any, of the yield that is not tax-exempt.
The following table shows the fund's tax equivalent yield, based on federal but
not state tax rates, for the 30-day period ended Nov. 30, 1998.
Marginal
Income Tax Tax-Equivalent Yield
Bracket Distribution Annualized
------- ------------ ----------
Class A
15.0% 6.16% 4.86%
28.0% 7.28% 5.74%
31.0% 7.59% 5.99%
36.0% 8.19% 6.45%
39.6% 8.68% 6.84%
Class B
15.0% 5.61% 4.22%
28.0% 6.63% 4.99%
31.0% 6.91% 5.20%
36.0% 7.45% 5.61%
39.6% 7.90% 5.94%
Class Y
15.0% 6.58% 5.20%
28.0% 7.76% 6.14%
31.0% 8.10% 6.41%
36.0% 8.73% 6.91%
39.6% 9.25% 7.32%
In its sales material and other communications, the Fund may quote, compare or
refer to rankings, yields, or returns as published by independent statistical
services or publishers and publications such as The Bank Rate Monitor National
Index, Barron's, Business Week, CDA Technologies, Donoghue's Money Market Fund
Report, Financial Services Week, Financial Times, Financial World, Forbes,
Fortune, Global Investor, Institutional Investor, Investor's Daily, Kiplinger's
Personal Finance, Lipper Analytical Services, Money, Morningstar, Mutual Fund
Forecaster, Newsweek, The New York Times, Personal Investor, Shearson Lehman
Aggregate Bond Index, Stanger Report, Sylvia Porter's Personal Finance, USA
Today, U.S. News and World Report, The Wall Street Journal, and Wiesenberger
Investment Companies Service.
<PAGE>
VALUING FUND SHARES
The value of an individual share for each class is determined by using the net
asset value (NAV) before shareholder transactions for the day. On the first
business day following the end of the fiscal year, the computation looked like
this:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Net assets Shares
before outstanding at Net asset value
shareholder the end of of one share
transactions previous day
----------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Class A $5,717,787,066 divided by 1,221,749,373 equals $4.68
Class B 269,481,120 57,581,436 4.68
Class Y 7,450,630 1,592,015 4.68
</TABLE>
In determining net assets before shareholder transactions, the Fund's securities
are valued as follows as of the close of business of the New York Stock Exchange
(the Exchange):
o Securities traded on a securities exchange for which a last-quoted sales
price is readily available are valued at the last-quoted sales price on the
exchange where such security is primarily traded.
o Securities traded on a securities exchange for which a last-quoted sales
price is not readily available are valued at the mean of the closing bid
and asked prices, looking first to the bid and asked prices on the exchange
where the security is primarily traded and, if none exist, to the
over-the-counter market.
o Securities included in the NASDAQ National Market System are valued at the
last-quoted sales price in this market.
o Securities included in the NASDAQ National Market System for which a
last-quoted sales price is not readily available, and other securities
traded over-the-counter but not included in the NASDAQ National Market
System are valued at the mean of the closing bid and asked prices.
o Futures and options traded on major exchanges are valued at the last-quoted
sales price on their primary exchange.
o Foreign securities traded outside the United States are generally valued as
of the time their trading is complete, which is usually different from the
close of the Exchange. Foreign securities quoted in foreign currencies are
translated into U.S. dollars at the current rate of exchange. Occasionally,
events affecting the value of such securities may occur between such times
and the close of the Exchange that will not be reflected in the computation
of the Fund's net asset value. If events materially affecting the value of
such securities occur during such period, these securities will be valued
at their fair value according to procedures decided upon in good faith by
the board.
o Short-term securities maturing more than 60 days from the valuation date
are valued at the readily available market price or approximate market
value based on current interest rates. Short-term securities maturing in 60
days or less that originally had maturities of more than 60 days at
acquisition date are valued at amortized cost using the market value on the
61st day before maturity. Short-term securities maturing in 60 days or less
at acquisition date are valued at amortized cost. Amortized cost is an
approximation of market value determined by systematically increasing the
carrying value of a security if acquired at a discount, or reducing the
carrying value if acquired at a premium, so that the carrying value is
equal to maturity value on the maturity date.
<PAGE>
o Securities without a readily available market price and other assets are
valued at fair value as determined in good faith by the board. The board is
responsible for selecting methods it believes provide fair value. When
possible, bonds are valued by a pricing service independent from the Fund.
If a valuation of a bond is not available from a pricing service, the bond
will be valued by a dealer knowledgeable about the bond if such a dealer is
available.
<PAGE>
INVESTING IN THE FUND
SALES CHARGE
Shares of the Fund are sold at the public offering price. The public offering
price is the NAV of one share adjusted for the sales charge for Class A. For
Class B and Class Y, there is no initial sales charge so the public offering
price is the same as the NAV. For Class A, the public offering price for an
investment of less than $50,000, made on the first business day following the
end of the fiscal year, was determined by dividing the NAV of one share, $4.68,
by 0.95 (1.00-0.05 for a maximum 5% sales charge) for a public offering price of
$4.93. The sales charge is paid to the Distributor by the person buying the
shares.
Class A - Calculation of the Sales Charge
Sales charges are determined as follows:
Within each increment, sales
charge as a percentage of:
------------------------------------------------
Public Net
Amount of Investment Offering Price Amount Invested
- -------------------- -------------- ---------------
First $ 50,000 5.0% 5.26%
Next 50,000 4.5 4.71
Next 400,000 3.8 3.95
Next 500,000 2.0 2.04
$1,000,000 or more 0.0 0.00
Sales charges on an investment greater than $50,000 and less than $1,000,000 are
calculated for each increment separately and then totaled. The resulting total
sales charge, expressed as a percentage of the public offering price and of the
net amount invested, will vary depending on the proportion of the investment at
different sales charge levels.
For example, compare an investment of $60,000 with an investment of $85,000. The
$60,000 investment is composed of $50,000 that incurs a sales charge of $2,500
(5.0% x $50,000) and $10,000 that incurs a sales charge of $450 (4.5% x
$10,000). The total sales charge of $2,950 is 4.92% of the public offering price
and 5.17% of the net amount invested.
In the case of the $85,000 investment, the first $50,000 also incurs a sales
charge of $2,500 (5.0% x $50,000) and $35,000 incurs a sales charge of $1,575
(4.5% x $35,000). The total sales charge of $4,075 is 4.79% of the public
offering price and 5.04% of the net amount invested.
The following table shows the range of sales charges as a percentage of the
public offering price and of the net amount invested on total investments at
each applicable level.
On total investment, sales
charge as a percentage of:
---------------------------------------------
Public Net
Offering Price Amount Invested
Amount of investment ranges from:
- --------------------------------------
First $ 50,000 5.00% 5.26%
Next 50,000 to 100,000 5.00-4.50 5.26-4.71
Next 100,000 to 500,000 4.50-3.80 4.71-3.95
Next 500,000 to 999,999 3.80-2.00 3.95-2.04
$1,000,000 or more 0.00 0.00
<PAGE>
Class A - Reducing the Sales Charge
Your total investments in the Fund determine your sales charges. The amount of
all prior investments plus any new purchase is referred to as your "total amount
invested." For example, suppose you have made an investment of $20,000 and later
decide to invest $40,000 more. Your total amount invested would be $60,000. As a
result, $10,000 of your $40,000 investment qualifies for the lower 4.5% sales
charge that applies to investments of more than $50,000 and up to $100,000.
Class A - Letter of Intent (LOI)
If you intend to invest $1 million over a period of 13 months, you can reduce
the sales charges in Class A by filing a LOI. The agreement can start at any
time and will remain in effect for 13 months. Your investment will be charged
normal sales charges until you have invested $1 million. At that time, your
account will be credited with the sales charges previously paid. Class A
investments made prior to signing a LOI may be used to reach the $1 million
total, excluding AXP Cash Management Fund and AXP Tax-Free Money Fund. However,
we will not adjust for sales charges on investments made prior to the signing of
the LOI. If you do not invest $1 million by the end of 13 months, there is no
penalty, you will just miss out on the sales charge adjustment. A LOI is not an
option (absolute right) to buy shares.
Class Y Shares
Class Y shares are offered to certain institutional investors. Class Y shares
are sold without a front-end sales charge or a CDSC and are not subject to a
distribution fee. The following investors are eligible to purchase Class Y
shares:
o Qualified employee benefit plans* if the plan:
- uses a daily transfer recordkeeping service offering participants
daily access to American Express mutual funds and has
- at least $10 million in plan assets or
- 500 or more participants; or
- does not use daily transfer recordkeeping and has
- at least $3 million invested in American Express mutual funds or
- 500 or more participants.
o Trust companies or similar institutions, and charitable organizations that
meet the definition in Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code.*
These institutions must have at least $10 million in American Express
mutual funds.
o Nonqualified deferred compensation plans* whose participants are included
in a qualified employee benefit described above.
* Eligibility must be determined in advance. To do so, contact your financial
advisor.
<PAGE>
SYSTEMATIC INVESTMENT PROGRAMS
After you make your initial investment of $100 or more, you must make additional
payments of $100 or more on at least a monthly basis until your balance reaches
$2,000. These minimums do not apply to all systematic investment programs. You
decide how often to make payments - monthly, quarterly, or semiannually. You are
not obligated to make any payments. You can omit payments or discontinue the
investment program altogether. The Fund also can change the program or end it at
any time.
AUTOMATIC DIRECTED DIVIDENDS
Dividends, including capital gain distributions, paid by another American
Express mutual fund subject to a sales charge, may be used to automatically
purchase shares in the same class of this Fund without paying a sales charge.
Dividends may be directed to existing accounts only. Dividends declared by a
fund are exchanged to this Fund the following day. Dividends can be exchanged
into the same class of another fund in the American Express mutual fund but
cannot be split to make purchases in two or more funds. Automatic directed
dividends are available between accounts of any ownership except:
o Between a non-custodial account and an IRA, or 401(k) plan account or other
qualified retirement account of which American Express Trust Company acts
as custodian;
o Between two American Express Trust Company custodial accounts with
different owners (for example, you may not exchange dividends from your IRA
to the IRA of your spouse); and
o Between different kinds of custodial accounts with the same ownership (for
example, you may not exchange dividends from your IRA to your 401(k) plan
account, although you may exchange dividends from one IRA to another IRA).
Dividends may be directed from accounts established under the Uniform Gifts to
Minors Act (UGMA) or Uniform Transfers to Minors Act (UTMA) only into other UGMA
or UTMA accounts with identical ownership.
The Fund's investment goal is described in its prospectus along with other
information, including fees and expense ratios. Before exchanging dividends into
another fund, you should read that fund's prospectus. You will receive a
confirmation that the automatic directed dividend service has been set up for
your account.
REJECTION OF BUSINESS
The Fund reserves the right to reject any business, in its sole discretion.
<PAGE>
SELLING SHARES
You have a right to sell your shares at any time. For an explanation of sales
procedures, please see the prospectus.
During an emergency, the board can suspend the computation of NAV, stop
accepting payments for purchase of shares, or suspend the duty of the Fund to
redeem shares for more than seven days. Such emergency situations would occur
if:
o The Exchange closes for reasons other than the usual weekend and holiday
closings or trading on the Exchange is restricted, or
o Disposal of the Fund's securities is not reasonably practicable or it is
not reasonably practicable for the Fund to determine the fair value of its
net assets, or
o The SEC, under the provisions of the 1940 Act, declares a period of
emergency to exist.
Should the Fund stop selling shares, the board may make a deduction from the
value of the assets held by the Fund to cover the cost of future liquidations of
the assets so as to distribute fairly these costs among all shareholders.
The Fund has elected to be governed by Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act, which
obligates the Fund to redeem shares in cash, with respect to any one shareholder
during any 90-day period, up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net assets
of the Fund at the beginning of the period. Although redemptions in excess of
this limitation would normally be paid in cash, the Fund reserves the right to
make these payments in whole or in part in securities or other assets in case of
an emergency, or if the payment of a redemption in cash would be detrimental to
the existing shareholders of the Fund as determined by the board. In these
circumstances, the securities distributed would be valued as set forth in this
SAI. Should the Fund distribute securities, a shareholder may incur brokerage
fees or other transaction costs in converting the securities to cash.
<PAGE>
PAY-OUT PLANS
You can use any of several pay-out plans to redeem your investment in regular
installments. If you redeem Class B shares you may be subject to a contingent
deferred sales charge as discussed in the prospectus. While the plans differ on
how the pay-out is figured, they all are based on the redemption of your
investment. Net investment income dividends and any capital gain distributions
will automatically be reinvested, unless you elect to receive them in cash. If
you are redeeming a tax-qualified plan account for which American Express Trust
Company acts as custodian, you can elect to receive your dividends and other
distributions in cash when permitted by law. If you redeem an IRA or a qualified
retirement account, certain restrictions, federal tax penalties, and special
federal income tax reporting requirements may apply. You should consult your tax
advisor about this complex area of the tax law.
Applications for a systematic investment in a class of the Fund subject to a
sales charge normally will not be accepted while a pay-out plan for any of those
funds is in effect. Occasional investments, however, may be accepted.
To start any of these plans, please consult your selling agent or write American
Express Client Service Corporation, P.O. Box 534, Minneapolis, MN 55440-0534, or
call 800-437-3133. Your authorization must be received at least five days before
the date you want your payments to begin. The initial payment must be at least
$50. Payments will be made on a monthly, bimonthly, quarterly, semiannual, or
annual basis. Your choice is effective until you change or cancel it.
The following pay-out plans are designed to take care of the needs of most
shareholders in a way AEFC can handle efficiently and at a reasonable cost. If
you need a more irregular schedule of payments, it may be necessary for you to
make a series of individual redemptions, in which case you will have to send in
a separate redemption request for each pay-out. The Fund reserves the right to
change or stop any pay-out plan and to stop making such plans available.
Plan #1: Pay-out for a fixed period of time
If you choose this plan, a varying number of shares will be redeemed at regular
intervals during the time period you choose. This plan is designed to end in
complete redemption of all shares in your account by the end of the fixed
period.
Plan #2: Redemption of a fixed number of shares
If you choose this plan, a fixed number of shares will be redeemed for each
payment and that amount will be sent to you. The length of time these payments
continue is based on the number of shares in your account.
Plan #3: Redemption of a fixed dollar amount
If you decide on a fixed dollar amount, whatever number of shares is necessary
to make the payment will be redeemed in regular installments until the account
is closed.
Plan #4: Redemption of a percentage of net asset value
Payments are made based on a fixed percentage of the net asset value of the
shares in the account computed on the day of each payment. Percentages range
from 0.25% to 0.75%. For example, if you are on this plan and arrange to take
0.5% each month, you will get $50 if the value of your account is $10,000 on the
payment date.
<PAGE>
CAPITAL LOSS CARRYOVER
For federal income tax purposes, the Fund had total capital loss carryovers of
$47,884,156 at the end of the most recent fiscal year, that if not offset by
subsequent capital gains will expire as follows:
2002 2004 2005
---- ---- ----
$37,164,809 $2,605,565 $8,113,782
It is unlikely that the board will authorize a distribution of any net realized
capital gains until the available capital loss carryover has been offset or has
expired except as required by Internal Revenue Service rules.
<PAGE>
TAXES
If you buy shares in the Fund and then exchange into another fund, it is
considered a redemption and subsequent purchase of shares. Under the tax laws,
if this exchange is done within 91 days, any sales charge waived on Class A
shares on a subsequent purchase of shares applies to the new shares acquired in
the exchange. Therefore, you cannot create a tax loss or reduce a tax gain
attributable to the sales charge when exchanging shares within 91 days.
For example:
You purchase 100 shares of one fund having a public offering price of $10.00 per
share. With a sales load of 5%, you pay $50.00 in sales load. With a NAV of
$9.50 per share, the value of your investment is $950.00. Within 91 days of
purchasing that fund, you decide to exchange out of that fund, now at a NAV of
$11.00 per share, up from the original NAV of $9.50, and purchase into a second
fund, at a NAV of $15.00 per share. The value of your investment is now
$1,100.00 ($11.00 x 100 shares). You cannot use the $50.00 paid as a sales load
when calculating your tax gain or loss in the sale of the first fund shares. So
instead of having $100.00 gain ($1,100.00 - $1,000.00), you have a $150.00 gain
($1,100.00 - $950.00). You can include the $50.00 sales load in the calculation
of your tax gain or loss when you sell shares in the second fund.
If you have a nonqualified investment in the Fund and you wish to move part or
all of those shares to an IRA or qualified retirement account in the Fund, you
can do so without paying a sales charge. However, this type of exchange is
considered a redemption of shares and may result in a gain or loss for tax
purposes. In addition, this type of exchange may result in an excess
contribution under IRA or qualified plan regulations if the amount exchanged
plus the amount of the initial sales charge applied to the amount exchanged
exceeds annual contribution limitations. For example: If you were to exchange
$2,000 in Class A shares from a nonqualified account to an IRA without
considering the 5% ($100) initial sales charge applicable to that $2,000, you
may be deemed to have exceeded current IRA annual contribution limitations. You
should consult your tax advisor for further details about this complex subject.
The Fund may purchase tax-exempt securities at a discount from the price at
which they were originally issued, especially during periods of rising interest
rates. For federal income tax purposes, some or all of this market discount will
be included in the Fund's ordinary income and will be taxable income when it is
distributed to you.
If you are a "substantial user" (or related person) of facilities financed by
industrial development bonds, you should consult your tax advisor before
investing. The income from such bonds may not be tax-exempt for you.
Interest on private activity bonds generally issued after August 1986 is a
preference item for purposes of the individual and corporate alternative minimum
taxes. "Private-activity" (non-governmental purpose) municipal bonds include
industrial revenue bonds, student-loan bonds and multi- and single-family
housing bonds. An exception is made for private-activity bonds issued for
qualified--501(c)(3)--organizations, including non-profit colleges, universities
and hospitals. These bonds will continue to be tax-exempt and will not be
subject to the alternative minimum tax for individuals. To the extent a fund
earns income subject to the alternative minimum tax, it will flow through to
that fund's shareholders and may subject some shareholders, depending on their
tax status, to the alternative minimum tax. The Fund reports the percentage of
its income earned from these bonds to shareholders with their other tax
information.
<PAGE>
State law determines whether interest income on a particular municipal bond is
tax-exempt for state tax purposes. It also determines the tax treatment of those
bonds when earned by a mutual fund and paid to the Fund's shareholders. The Fund
will tell you the percentage of interest income from municipal bonds it received
during the year on a state-by-state basis. Your tax advisor should help you
report this income for state tax purposes.
All distributions of net investment income during the year will have the same
percentage designated as tax-exempt. This annual percentage is expected to be
substantially the same as the percentage of tax-exempt income actually earned
during any particular distribution period. For the most recent fiscal year
99.86% of the income distribution was designated as exempt from federal income
taxes.
Capital gain distributions, if any, received by corporate shareholders should be
treated as long-term capital gains regardless of how long they owned their
shares. Capital gain distributions, if any, received by individuals should be
treated as long-term if held for more than one year. Short-term capital gains
earned by the Fund are paid to shareholders as part of their ordinary income
dividend and are taxable.
Under federal tax law, by the end of a calendar year the Fund must declare and
pay dividends representing 98% of ordinary income for that calendar year and 98%
of net capital gains (both long-term and short-term) for the 12-month period
ending Oct. 31 of that calendar year. The Fund is subject to an excise tax equal
to 4% of the excess, if any, of the amount required to be distributed over the
amount actually distributed. The Fund intends to comply with federal tax law and
avoid any excise tax.
This is a brief summary that relates to federal income taxation only.
Shareholders should consult their tax advisor as to the application of federal,
state, and local income tax laws to Fund distributions.
<PAGE>
AGREEMENTS
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT SERVICES AGREEMENT
AEFC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of American Express Company, is the investment
manager for the Fund. Under the Investment Management Services Agreement, AEFC,
subject to the policies set by the board, provides investment management
services.
For its services, AEFC is paid a fee based on the following schedule. Each class
of the Fund pays its proportionate share of the fee.
Assets Annual rate at
(billions) each asset level
- --------- ----------------
First $1.0 0.490%
Next 1.0 0.465
Next 1.0 0.440
Next 3.0 0.415
Next 3.0 0.390
Over 9.0 0.360
On the last day of the most recent fiscal year, the daily rate applied to the
Fund's net assets was equal to 0.44% on an annual basis. The fee is calculated
for each calendar day on the basis of net assets as of the close of business two
business days prior to the day for which the calculation is made.
The management fee is paid monthly. Under the agreement, the total amount paid
was $26,484,165 for fiscal year 1998, $26,174,871 for fiscal year 1997, and
$27,125,069 for fiscal year 1996.
Under the agreement, the Fund also pays taxes, brokerage commissions and
nonadvisory expenses, which include custodian fees; audit and certain legal
fees; fidelity bond premiums; registration fees for shares; office expenses;
postage of confirmations except purchase confirmations; consultants' fees;
compensation of board members, officers and employees; corporate filing fees;
organizational expenses; expenses incurred in connection with lending
securities; and expenses properly payable by the Fund, approved by the board.
Under the agreement, nonadvisory expenses, net of earnings credits, paid by the
Fund were $300,758 for fiscal year 1998, $126,648 for fiscal year 1997, and
$1,295,944 for fiscal year 1996.
Administrative Services Agreement
The Fund has an Administrative Services Agreement with AEFC. Under this
agreement, the Fund pays AEFC for providing administration and accounting
services. The fee is calculated as follows:
Assets Annual rate
(billions) each asset level
- --------- ----------------
First $1.0 0.040%
Next 1.0 0.035
Next 1.0 0.030
Next 3.0 0.025
Next 3.0 0.020
Over 9.0 0.020
<PAGE>
On the last day of the most recent fiscal year, the daily rate applied to the
Fund's net assets was equal to 0.030% on an annual basis. The fee is calculated
for each calendar day on the basis of net assets as of the close of business two
business days prior to the day for which the calculation is made. Under the
agreement, the Fund paid fees of $1,827,691 for fiscal year 1998, $1,803,799 for
fiscal year 1997, and $1,834,276 for fiscal year 1996.
Transfer Agency Agreement
The Fund has a Transfer Agency Agreement with American Express Client Service
Corporation (AECSC). This agreement governs AECSC's responsibility for
administering and/or performing transfer agent functions, for acting as service
agent in connection with dividend and distribution functions and for performing
shareholder account administration agent functions in connection with the
issuance, exchange and redemption or repurchase of the Fund's shares. Under the
agreement, AECSC will earn a fee from the Fund determined by multiplying the
number of shareholder accounts at the end of the day by a rate determined for
each class per year and dividing by the number of days in the year. The rate for
Class A and Class Y is $15.50 per year and for Class B is $16.50 per year. The
fees paid to AECSC may be changed by the board without shareholder approval.
DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT
AEFA is the Fund's principal underwriter (distributor). The Fund's shares are
offered on a continuous basis.
Under a Distribution Agreement, sales charges deducted for distributing Fund
shares are paid to the Distributor daily. These charges amounted to $10,756,783
for fiscal year 1998. After paying commissions to personal financial advisors,
and other expenses, the amount retained was $1,732,359. The amounts were
$8,673,516 and $1,506,603 for fiscal year 1997, and $10,631,633 and $1,834,508
for fiscal year 1996.
SHAREHOLDER SERVICE AGREEMENT
The Fund pays a fee for service provided to shareholders by financial advisors
and other servicing agents. The fee is calculated at a rate of 0.175% of average
daily net assets for Class A and Class B and 0.10% for Class Y.
PLAN AND AGREEMENT OF DISTRIBUTION
For Class B shares, to help defray the cost of distribution and servicing, not
covered by the sales charges received under the Distribution Agreement, the Fund
and AEFA entered into a Plan and Agreement of Distribution (Plan). These costs
cover almost all aspects of distributing the Fund's shares.
These costs do not include compensation to the sales force. A substantial
portion of the costs are not specifically identified to any one American Express
mutual fund. Under the Plan, the Fund pays a fee up to actual expenses incurred
at an annual rate of 0.75% of the Fund's average daily net assets attributable
to Class B shares.
The Plan must be approved annually by the board, including a majority of the
disinterested board members, if it is to continue for more than a year. At least
quarterly, the board must review written reports concerning the amounts expended
under the Plan and the purposes for which such expenditures were made. The Plan
and any agreement related to it may be terminated at any time by vote of a
majority of board members who are not interested persons of the Fund and have no
direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan or in any
agreement related to the Plan, or by vote of a majority of the outstanding
voting securities of the Fund's Class B shares or by the Distributor. The Plan
(or any agreement related to it) will terminate in the event of its assignment,
as that term is defined in the 1940 Act. The Plan may not be
<PAGE>
amended to increase the amount to be spent for distribution without shareholder
approval, and all material amendments to the Plan must be approved by a majority
of the board members, including a majority of the board members who are not
interested persons of the Fund and who do not have a financial interest in the
operation of the Plan or any agreement related to it. The selection and
nomination of disinterested board members is the responsibility of the other
disinterested board members. No board member who is not an interested person,
has any direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan or
any related agreement. For the most recent fiscal year, under the agreement, the
Fund paid fees of $1,725,801. The fee is not allocated to any one service (such
as advertising, payments to underwriters, or other uses). However, a significant
portion of the fee is generally used for sales and promotional expenses.
Custodian Agreement
The Fund's securities and cash are held by U.S. Bank National Association, 180
E. Fifth St., St. Paul, MN 55101-1631, through a custodian agreement. The
custodian is permitted to deposit some or all of its securities in central
depository systems as allowed by federal law. For its services, the Fund pays
the custodian a maintenance charge and a charge per transaction in addition to
reimbursing the custodian's out-of-pocket expenses.
ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION
The Fund is an open-end management investment company. The Fund headquarters are
at 901 S. Marquette Ave., Suite 2810, Minneapolis, MN 55402-3268.
SHARES
The shares of the Fund represent an interest in that fund's assets only (and
profits or losses), and, in the event of liquidation, each share of the Fund
would have the same rights to dividends and assets as every other share of that
Fund.
VOTING RIGHTS
As a shareholder in the Fund, you have voting rights over the Fund's management
and fundamental policies. You are entitled to one vote for each share you own.
Each class, if applicable, has exclusive voting rights with respect to matters
for which separate class voting is appropriate under applicable law. All shares
have cumulative voting rights with respect to the election of board members.
This means that you have as many votes as the number of shares you own,
including fractional shares, multiplied by the number of members to be elected.
DIVIDEND RIGHTS
Dividends paid by the Fund, if any, with respect to each class of shares, if
applicable, will be calculated in the same manner, at the same time, on the same
day, and will be in the same amount, except for differences resulting from
differences in fee structures.
AMERICAN EXPRESS FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AEFC has been a provider of financial services since 1894. Its family of
companies offers not only mutual funds but also insurance, annuities, investment
certificates and a broad range of financial management services.
In addition to managing assets of more than $80 billion for the American Express
Funds, AEFC manages investments for itself and its subsidiaries, IDS Certificate
Company and IDS Life Insurance Company. Total assets under management as of the
end of the most recent fiscal year were more than $204 billion.
AEFA serves individuals and businesses through its nationwide network of more
than 180 ofices and more than 8,700 advisors.
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FUND HISTORY TABLE FOR ALL PUBLICLY OFFERED AMERICAN EXPRESS FUNDS*
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Date of Form of State of Fiscal
Fund Organization Organization Organization Year End Diversified
AXP Bond Fund, Inc. 6/27/74, 6/31/86*** Corporation NV/MN 8/31 Yes
AXP Discovery Fund, Inc. 4/29/81, 6/13/86*** Corporation NV/MN 7/31 Yes
AXP Equity Select Fund, Inc.** 3/18/57, 6/13/86*** Corporation NV/MN 11/30 Yes
AXP Extra Income Fund, Inc. 8/17/83 Corporation MN 5/31 Yes
AXP Federal Income Fund, Inc. 3/12/85 Corporation MN 5/31 Yes
AXP Global Series, Inc. 10/28/88 Corporation MN 10/31
AXP Emerging Markets Fund Yes
AXP Global Balanced Fund Yes
AXP Global Bond Fund No
AXP Global Growth Fund Yes
AXP Innovations Fund Yes
AXP Growth Series, Inc. 5/21/70, 6/13/86*** Corporation NV/MN 7/31
AXP Growth Fund Yes
AXP Research Opportunities Fund Yes
AXP High Yield Tax-Exempt Fund, Inc. 12/21/78, Corporation NV/MN 11/30 Yes
6/13/86***
AXP International Fund, Inc. 7/18/84 Corporation MN 10/31 Yes
AXP Investment Series, Inc. 1/18/40, 6/13/86*** Corporation NV/MN 9/30
AXP Diversified Equity Income Fund Yes
AXP Mutual Yes
AXP Managed Series, Inc. 10/9/84 Corporation MN 9/30
AXP Managed Allocation Fund Yes
AXP Market Advantage Series, Inc. 8/25/89 Corporation MN 1/31
AXP Blue Chip Advantage Fund Yes
AXP Small Company Index Fund Yes
AXP Money Market Series, Inc. 8/22/75, 6/13/86*** Corporation NV/MN 7/31
AXP Cash Management Fund Yes
AXP New Dimensions Fund, Inc. 2/20/68, 6/13/86*** Corporation NV/MN 7/31 Yes
AXP Precious Metals Fund, Inc. 10/5/84 Corporation MN 3/31 No
AXP Progressive Fund, Inc. 4/23/68, 6/13/86*** Corporation NV/MN 9/30 Yes
AXP Selective Fund, Inc. 2/10/45, 6/13/86*** Corporation NV/MN 5/31 Yes
AXP Stock Fund, Inc. 2/10/45, 6/13/86*** Corporation NV/MN 9/30 Yes
AXP Strategy Series, Inc. 1/24/84 Corporation MN 3/31
AXP Equity Value Fund** Yes
AXP Small Cap Advantage Fund Yes
AXP Strategy Aggressive Fund** Yes
AXP Tax-Exempt Series, Inc. 9/30/76, 6/13/86*** Corporation NV/MN 11/31
AXP Intermediate Tax-Exempt Fund Yes
AXP Tax-Exempt Bond Fund Yes
AXP Tax-Free Money Fund, Inc. 2/29/80, 6/13/86*** Corporation NV/MN 12/31 Yes
AXP Utilities Income Fund, Inc. 3/25/88 Corporation MN 6/30 Yes
AXP California Tax-Exempt Trust 4/7/86 Business MA 6/30
Trust****
AXP California Tax-Exempt Fund No
AXP Special Tax-Exempt Series Trust 4/7/86 Business MA 6/30
Trust****
AXP Insured Tax-Exempt Fund Yes
AXP Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund No
AXP Michigan Tax-Exempt Fund No
AXP Minnesota Tax-Exempt Fund No
AXP New York Tax-Exempt Fund No
AXP Ohio Tax-Exempt Fund No
</TABLE>
* Date merged into a Minnesota corporation incorporated on 4/7/86.
** Under Massachusetts law, shareholders of a business trust may, under
certain circumstances, be held personally liable as partners for its
obligations. However, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on
account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which the
trust itself is unable to meet its obligations.
<PAGE>
BOARD MEMBERS AND OFFICERS
Shareholders elect a board that oversees the Fund's operations. The board
appoints officers who are responsible for day-to-day business decisions based on
policies set by the board.
The following is a list of the Fund's board members. They serve 15 Master Trust
portfolios and 58 American Express mutual funds.
H. Brewster Atwater, Jr.+'
Born in 1931
4900 IDS Tower
Minneapolis, MN
Retired chairman and chief executive officer, General Mills, Inc. Director,
Merck & Co., Inc. and Darden Restaurants, Inc.
Arne H. Carlson+*
Born in 1934
901 S. Marquette Ave.
Minneapolis, MN
Former two-term Governor for Minnesota.
Lynne V. Cheney'
Born in 1941
American Enterprise Institute
for Public Policy Research (AEI)
1150 17th St., N.W. Washington, D.C.
Distinguished Fellow AEI. Former Chair of National Endowment of the Humanities.
Director, The Reader's Digest Association Inc., Lockheed-Martin, and Union
Pacific Resources.
William H. Dudley**
Born in 1932
2900 IDS Tower
Minneapolis, MN
Senior advisor to the chief executive officer of AEFC.
David R. Hubers+**
Born in 1943
2900 IDS Tower
Minneapolis, MN
President, chief executive officer and director of AEFC.
Heinz F. Hutter+
Born in 1929
P.O. Box 2187
Minneapolis, MN
Retired president and chief operating officer, Cargill, Incorporated (commodity
merchants and processors).
<PAGE>
Anne P. Jones'
Born in 1935
5716 Bent Branch Rd.
Bethesda, MD
Attorney and telecommunications consultant. Former partner, law firm of
Sutherland, Asbill & Brennan. Director, Motorola, Inc. (electronics), C-Cor
Electronics, Inc., and Amnex, Inc. (communications).
William R. Pearce+*
Born in 1927
901 S. Marquette Ave.
Minneapolis, MN
Chairman of the board, Board Services Corporation (provides administrative
services to boards). Director, trustee and officer of registered investment
companies whose boards are served by the company. Retired vice chairman of the
board, Cargill, Incorporated (commodity merchants and processors).
Alan K. Simpson'
Born in 1931
1201 Sunshine Ave.
Cody, WY
Former three-term United States Senator for Wyoming. Former Assistant Republican
Leader, U.S. Senate. Director, PacifiCorp (electric power) and Biogen
(pharmaceuticals).
Edson W. Spencer+
Born in 1926
4900 IDS Center
80 S. 8th St.
Minneapolis, MN
President, Spencer Associates Inc. (consulting). Retired chairman of the board
and chief executive officer, Honeywell Inc. Director, Boise Cascade Corporation
(forest products). Member of International Advisory Council of NEC (Japan).
John R. Thomas**
Born in 1937
2900 IDS Tower
Minneapolis, MN
Senior vice president of AEFC.
Wheelock Whitney+
Born in 1926
1900 Foshay Tower
821 Marquette Ave.
Minneapolis, MN
Chairman, Whitney Management Company (manages family assets).
<PAGE>
C. Angus Wurtele
Born in 1934
Valspar Corporation
Suite 1700
Foshay Tower
Minneapolis, MN
Chairman of the board and retired chief executive officer, The Valspar
Corporation (paints). Director, Bemis Corporation (packaging), Donaldson Company
(air cleaners & mufflers), and General Mills, Inc.
(consumer foods).
+ Member of executive committee.
' Member of joint audit committee.
* Interested person by reason of being an officer and employee of the Fund.
**Interested person by reason of being an officer, board member, employee and/or
shareholder of AEFC or American Express.
The board also has appointed officers who are responsible for day-to-day
business decisions based on policies it has established.
In addition to Mr. Pearce, who is chairman of the board and Mr. Thomas, who is
president, the Fund's other officers are:
Leslie L. Ogg
Born in 1938
901 S. Marquette Ave.
Minneapolis, MN
President of Board Services Corporation. Vice president, general counsel and
secretary for the Fund.
Officers who also are officers and employees of AEFC:
Peter J. Anderson
Born in 1942
IDS Tower 10
Minneapolis, MN
Director and senior vice president-investments of AEFC. Vice
president-investments for the Fund.
Frederick C. Quirsfeld
Born in 1947
IDS Tower 10
Minneapolis, MN
Vice president - taxable mutual fund investments of AEFC. Vice president - fixed
income investments for the Fund.
Stuart A. Sedlacek
Born in 1957
IDS Tower 10
Minneapolis, MN
Senior vice president and chief financial officer of AEFC since January 1998.
Vice president-assured assets of AEFC from 1994 to 1997. Treasurer for the Fund.
<PAGE>
COMPENSATION FOR BOARD MEMBERS
During the most recent fiscal year, the independent members of the Fund and
Portfolio boards, for attending up to 28 meetings, received the following
compensation:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Compensation Table
Total cash compensation
from the IDS MUTUAL
FUND GROUP and Preferred
Board member Aggregate compensation Aggregate compensation Master Trust Group
from the Fund from the Portfolio
<S> <C> <C> <C>
H. Brewster Atwater, Jr. $2,017 $3,300 $105,900
- -----------------------------
Lynne V. Cheney 1,858 3,213 95,400
- -----------------------------
Heinz F. Hutter 1,942 3,225 101,400
- -----------------------------
Anne P. Jones 2,069 3,436 107,900
- -----------------------------
Alan K. Simpson 1,808 3,163 92,400
- -----------------------------
Edson W. Spencer 2,033 3,317 106,900
- -----------------------------
Wheelock Whitney 1,992 3,275 104,400
- -----------------------------
C. Angus Wurtele 2,192 3,475 116,400
</TABLE>
As of 30 days prior to the date of this SAI, the Fund's board members and
officers as a group owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of any class.
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
The financial statements contained in the Annual Report were audited by
independent auditors, KPMG Peat Marwick LLP, 4200 Norwest Center, 90 S. Seventh
St., Minneapolis, MN 55402-3900. The independent auditors also provide other
accounting and tax-related services as requested by the Fund.
<PAGE>
APPENDIX
DESCRIPTION OF RATINGS
Standard & Poor's Debt Ratings
A Standard & Poor's corporate or municipal debt rating is a current assessment
of the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific obligation.
This assessment may take into consideration obligors such as guarantors,
insurers, or lessees.
The debt rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell, or hold a security,
inasmuch as it does not comment as to market price or suitability for a
particular investor.
The ratings are based on current information furnished by the issuer or obtained
by S&P from other sources it considers reliable. S&P does not perform an audit
in connection with any rating and may, on occasion, rely on unaudited financial
information. The ratings may be changed, suspended, or withdrawn as a result of
changes in, or unavailability of such information or based on other
circumstances.
The ratings are based, in varying degrees, on the following considerations:
o Likelihood of default capacity and willingness of the obligor as
to the timely payment of interest and repayment of principal in
accordance with the terms of the obligation.
o Nature of and provisions of the obligation.
o Protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation
in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement
under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors'
rights.
Investment Grade
Debt rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor's. Capacity to
pay interest and repay principal is extremely strong.
Debt rated AA has a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal and
differs from the highest rated issues only in a small degree.
Debt rated A has a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal, although
it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in
circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher-rated categories.
Debt rated BBB is regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay interest and
repay principal. Whereas it normally exhibits adequate protection parameters,
adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to
a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal for debt in this
category than in higher-rated categories.
Speculative grade
Debt rated BB, B, CCC, CC, and C is regarded as having predominantly speculative
characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal. BB
indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest. While such debt
will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these are
outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
<PAGE>
Debt rated BB has less near-term vulnerability to default than other speculative
issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse
business, financial, or economic conditions that could lead to inadequate
capacity to meet timely interest and principal payments. The BB rating category
also is used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or
implied BBB- rating.
Debt rated B has a greater vulnerability to default but currently has the
capacity to meet interest payments and principal repayments. Adverse business,
financial, or economic conditions will likely impair capacity or willingness to
pay interest and repay principal. The B rating category also is used for debt
subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied BB or BB-
rating.
Debt rated CCC has a currently identifiable vulnerability to default and is
dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions to meet
timely payment of interest and repayment of principal. In the event of adverse
business, financial, or economic conditions, it is not likely to have the
capacity to pay interest and repay principal. The CCC rating category also is
used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied
B or B- rating.
Debt rated CC typically is applied to debt subordinated to senior debt that is
assigned an actual or implied CCC rating.
Debt rated C typically is applied to debt subordinated to senior debt that is
assigned an actual or implied CCC rating. The C rating may be used to cover a
situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed, but debt service payments
are continued.
The rating CI is reserved for income bonds on which no interest is being paid.
Debt rated D is in payment default. The D rating category is used when interest
payments or principal payments are not made on the date due, even if the
applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments
will be made during such grace period. The D rating also will be used upon the
filing of a bankruptcy petition if debt service payments are jeopardized.
Moody's Long-Term Debt Ratings
Aaa - Bonds that are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry
the smallest degree of investment risk. Interest payments are protected by a
large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the
various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be
visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such
issues.
Aa - Bonds that are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards.
Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as high grade
bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection
may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective elements
may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present that make the
long-term risk appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.
A - Bonds that are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are
to be considered as upper-medium grade obligations. Factors giving security to
principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present that
suggest a susceptibility to impairment some time in the future.
Baa - Bonds that are rated Baa are considered as medium-grade obligations (i.e.,
they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured). Interest payments and
principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective
elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great
length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in
fact have speculative characteristics as well.
<PAGE>
Ba - Bonds that are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements--their
future cannot be considered as well-assured. Often the protection of interest
and principal payments may be very moderate, and thereby not well safeguarded
during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position
characterizes bonds in this class.
B - Bonds that are rated B generally lack characteristics of a desirable
investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or maintenance of other
terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
Caa - Bonds that are rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues may be in
default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or
interest.
Ca - Bonds that are rated Ca represent obligations that are speculative in a
high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.
C - Bonds that are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds, and issues so
rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any
real investment standing.
Fitch Investors Service, Inc. Bond Ratings
Fitch investment grade bond and preferred stock ratings provide a guide to
investors in determining the credit risk associated with a particular security.
The ratings represent Fitch's assessment of the issuer's ability to meet the
obligations of a specific debt or preferred issue in a timely manner.
The rating takes into consideration special features of the issue, its
relationship to other obligations of the issuer, the current and prospective
financial condition and operating performance of the issuer and any guarantor,
as well as the economic and political environment that might affect the issuer's
future financial strength and credit quality.
Fitch ratings do not reflect any credit enhancement that may be provided by
insurance policies or financial guaranties unless otherwise indicated.
Bonds and preferred stock carrying the same rating are of similar but not
necessarily identical credit quality since the rating categories do not fully
reflect small differences in the degrees of credit risk.
Fitch ratings are not recommendations to buy, sell, or hold any security.
Ratings do not comment on the adequacy of market price, the suitability of any
security for a particular investor, or the tax-exempt nature or taxability of
payments made in respect of any security.
Fitch ratings are based on information obtained from issuers, other obligors,
underwriters, their experts, and other sources Fitch believes to be reliable.
Fitch does not audit or verify the truth or accuracy of such information.
Ratings may be changed, suspended, or withdrawn as a result of changes in, or
the unavailability of, information or for other reasons.
AAA Bonds and preferred stock considered to be investment grade
and of the highest credit quality. The obligor has an
exceptionally strong ability to pay interest and/or dividends
and repay principal, which is unlikely to be affected by
reasonably foreseeable events.
AA Bonds and preferred stock considered to be investment grade
and of very high credit quality. The obligor's ability to pay
interest and/or dividends and repay principal is very strong,
although not quite as strong as bonds rated AAA.
<PAGE>
A Bonds and preferred stock considered to be investment grade
and of high credit quality. The obligor's ability to pay
interest and/or dividends and repay principal is considered to
be strong, but may be more vulnerable to adverse changes in
economic conditions and circumstances than debt or preferred
securities with higher ratings.
BBB Bonds and preferred stock considered to be investment grade
and of satisfactory credit quality. The obligor's ability to
pay interest or dividends and repay principal is considered to
be adequate. Adverse changes in economic conditions and
circumstances, however, are more likely to have adverse impact
on these securities and, therefore, impair timely payment. The
likelihood that the ratings of these bonds or preferred stock
will fall below investment grade is higher than for securities
with higher ratings.
Fitch speculative grade bond or preferred stock ratings provide a guide to
investors in determining the credit risk associated with a particular security.
The ratings (BB to C) represent Fitch's assessment of the likelihood of timely
payment of principal and interest or dividends in accordance with the terms of
obligation for issues not in default. For defaulted bonds or preferred stock,
the rating (DDD to D) is an assessment of the ultimate recovery value through
reorganization or liquidation.
The rating takes into consideration special features of the issue, its
relationship to other obligations of the issuer or possible recovery value in
bankruptcy, the current and prospective financial condition and operating
performance of the issuer and any guarantor, as well as the economic and
political environment that might affect the issuer's future financial strength.
Bonds or preferred stock that have the same rating are of similar but not
necessarily identical credit quality since the rating categories cannot fully
reflect the differences in the degrees of credit risk.
BB Bonds or preferred stock are considered speculative. The
obligor's ability to pay interest or dividends and repay
principal may be affected over time by adverse economic
changes. However, business and financial alternatives can be
identified, which could assist the obligor in satisfying its
debt service requirements.
B Bonds or preferred stock are considered highly speculative.
While bonds in this class are currently meeting debt service
requirements or paying dividends, the probability of continued
timely payment of principal and interest reflects the
obligor's limited margin of safety and the need for reasonable
business and economic activity throughout the life of the
issue.
CCC Bonds or preferred stock have certain identifiable
characteristics that if not remedied, may lead to default. The
ability to meet obligations requires an advantageous business
and economic environment.
CC Bonds or preferred stock are minimally protected. Default in
payment of interest and/or principal seems probable over time.
C Bonds are in imminent default in payment of interest or
principal or suspension of preferred stock dividends is
imminent.
DDD,
DD,
and D Bonds are in default on interest and/or principal payments
or preferred stock dividends are suspended. Such securities
are extremely speculative and should be valued on the basis of
their ultimate recovery value in liquidation or reorganization
of the obligor. DDD represents the highest potential for
recovery of these securities and D represents the lowest
potential for recovery.
<PAGE>
Duff & Phelps, Inc. Long-Term Debt Ratings
These ratings represent a summary opinion of the issuer's long-term fundamental
quality. Rating determination is based on qualitative and quantitative factors
that may vary according to the basic economic and financial characteristics of
each industry and each issuer. Important considerations are vulnerability to
economic cycles as well as risks related to such factors as competition,
government action, regulation, technological obsolescence, demand shifts, cost
structure, and management depth and expertise. The projected viability of the
obligor at the trough of the cycle is a critical determination.
Each rating also takes into account the legal form of the security (e.g. first
mortgage bonds, subordinated debt, preferred stock, etc.). The extent of rating
dispersion among the various classes of securities is determined by several
factors including relative weightings of the different security classes in the
capital structure, the overall credit strength of the issuer, and the nature of
covenant protection. Review of indenture restrictions is important to the
analysis of a company's operating and financial constraints.
The Credit Rating Committee formally reviews all ratings once per quarter (more
frequently, if necessary). Ratings of BBB- and higher fall within the definition
of investment grade securities, as defined by bank and insurance supervisory
authorities. Structured finance issues, including real estate, asset-backed and
mortgage-backed financings, use this same rating scale with minor modification
in the definitions. Thus, an investor can compare the credit quality of
investment alternatives across industries and structural types. A "Cash Flow
Rating" (as noted for specific ratings) addresses the likelihood that aggregate
principal and interest will equal or exceed the rated amount under appropriate
stress conditions.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Rating Scale Definition
-------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
AAA Highest credit quality. The risk factors are
negligible, being only slightly more than for
risk-free U.S. Treasury debt.
-------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AA+ High credit quality. Protection factors are strong. Risk is modest, but may
AA vary slightly from time to time because of economic conditions.
AA-
-------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A+ Protection factors are average but adequate. However, risk factors are more
A variable and greater in periods of economic stress.
A-
-------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BBB+ Below-average protection factors but still considered sufficient for prudent
BBB investment. Considerable variability in risk during economic cycles.
BBB-
-------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BB+ Below investment grade but deemed likely to meet obligations when due. Present
BB or prospective financial protection factors fluctuate according to industry
BB- conditions or company fortunes. Overall quality may move up or down frequently
within this category.
-------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B+ Below investment grade and possessing risk that obligations will not be met
B when due. Financial protection factors will fluctuate widely according to
B- economic cycles, industry conditions, and/or company fortunes. Potential
exists for frequent changes in the rating within
this category or into a higher or lower rating
grade.
-------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<PAGE>
-------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CCC Well below investment grade securities. Considerable
uncertainty exists as to timely payment of
principal, interest, or preferred dividends.
Protection factors are narrow and risk can be
substantial with unfavorable economic/industry
conditions, and or with unfavorable company
developments.
-------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DD Defaulted debt obligations. Issuer failed to meet
scheduled principal and/or interest payments.
DP Preferred stock with dividend arrearages.
-------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
IBCA Long-Term Debt Ratings
AAA Obligations for which there is the lowest expectation of investment
risk. Capacity for timely repayment of principal and interest is
substantial, such that adverse changes in business, economic, or
financial conditions are unlikely to increase investment risk
substantially.
AA Obligations for which there is a very low expectation of investment
risk. Capacity for timely repayment of principal and interest is
substantial. Adverse changes in business, economic, or financial
conditions may increase investment risk, albeit not very significantly.
A Obligations for which there is a low expectation of investment risk.
Capacity for timely repayment of principal and interest is strong,
although adverse changes in business, economic, or financial conditions
may lead to increased investment risk.
BBB Obligations for which there is currently a low expectation of
investment risk. Capacity for timely repayment of principal and
interest is adequate, although adverse changes in business, economic,
or financial conditions are more likely to lead to increased investment
risk than for obligations in other categories.
BB Obligations for which there is a possibility of investment risk
developing. Capacity for timely repayment of principal and interest
exists, but is susceptible over time to adverse changes in business,
economic, or financial conditions.
B Obligations for which investment risk exists. Timely repayment of
principal and interest is not sufficiently protected against adverse
changes in business, economic, or financial conditions.
CCC Obligations for which there is a current perceived possibility of
default. Timely repayment of principal and interest is dependent on
favorable business, economic, or financial conditions.
CC Obligations that are highly speculative or that have a high risk of
default.
C Obligations that are currently in default.
Notes: "+" or "-" may be appended to a rating below AAA to denote relative
status within major rating categories. Ratings of BB and below are assigned
where it is considered that speculative characteristics are present.
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Thomson Bank Watch Long-Term Debt Ratings
Investment Grade
AAA (LC-AAA) Indicates that the ability to repay principal and interest
on a timely basis is extremely high.
AA (LC-AA) Indicates a very strong ability to repay principal
and interest on a timely basis, with limited incremental
risk compared to issues rated in the highest category.
A (LC-A) Indicates the ability to repay principal and
interest is strong. Issues rated A could be more
vulnerable to adverse developments (both internal and
external) than obligations with higher ratings.
BBB (LC-BBB) The lowest investment-grade category: indicates
an acceptable capacity to repay principal and interest.
BBB issues are more vulnerable to adverse developments
(both internal and external) than obligations with higher
ratings.
Non-Investment Grade - may be speculative in the likelihood of timely repayment
of principal and interest.
BB (LC-BB) While not investment grade, the BB rating suggests
that the likelihood of default is considerably less than
for lower-rated issues. However, there are significant
uncertainties that could affect the ability to adequately
service debt obligations.
B (LC-B) Issues rated B show higher degree of uncertainty
and therefore greater likelihood of default than
higher-rated issues. Adverse developments could negatively
affect the payment of interest and principal on a timely
basis.
CCC (LC-CCC) Issues rated CCC clearly have a high likelihood
of default, with little capacity to address further
adverse changes in financial circumstances.
CC (LC-CC) CC is applied to issues that are subordinate to
other obligations rated CCC and are afforded less
protection in the event of bankruptcy or reorganization.
D (LC-D) Default.
SHORT-TERM RATINGS
Standard & Poor's Commercial Paper Ratings
A Standard & Poor's commercial paper rating is a current assessment of the
likelihood of timely payment of debt considered short-term in the relevant
market.
Ratings are graded into several categories, ranging from A-1 for the highest
quality obligations to D for the lowest. These categories are as follows:
A-1 This highest category indicates that the degree of safety
regarding timely payment is strong. Those issues determined to
possess extremely strong safety characteristics are denoted
with a plus sign (+) designation.
A-2 Capacity for timely payment on issues with this designation is
satisfactory. However, the relative degree of safety is not as
high as for issues designated A-1.
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A-3 Issues carrying this designation have adequate capacity for
timely payment. They are, however, more vulnerable to the
adverse effects of changes in circumstances than obligations
carrying the higher designations.
B Issues are regarded as having only speculative capacity for
timely payment.
C This rating is assigned to short-term debt obligations with
doubtful capacity for payment.
D Debt rated D is in payment default. The D rating category is
used when interest payments or principal payments are not made
on the date due, even if the applicable grace period has not
expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made
during such grace period.
Standard & Poor's Note Ratings
An S&P note rating reflects the liquidity factors and market-access risks unique
to notes. Notes maturing in three years or less will likely receive a note
rating. Notes maturing beyond three years will most likely receive a long-term
debt rating.
Note rating symbols and definitions are as follows:
SP-1 Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. Issues
determined to possess very strong characteristics are given a
plus (+) designation.
SP-2 Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some
vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over
the term of the notes.
SP-3 Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
Moody's Short-Term Ratings
Moody's short-term debt ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to repay
punctually senior debt obligations. These obligations have an original maturity
not exceeding one year, unless explicitly noted.
Moody's employs the following three designations, all judged to be investment
grade, to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:
Issuers rated Prime-l (or supporting institutions) have a superior
ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. Prime-l
repayment ability will often be evidenced by many of the following
characteristics: (i) leading market positions in well-established
industries, (ii) high rates of return on funds employed, (iii)
conservative capitalization structure with moderate reliance on debt
and ample asset protection, (iv) broad margins in earnings coverage of
fixed financial charges and high internal cash generation, and (v) well
established access to a range of financial markets and assured sources
of alternate liquidity.
Issuers rated Prime-2 (or supporting institutions) have a strong
ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. This will
normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above, but
to a lesser degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound,
may be more subject to variation. Capitalization characteristics, while
still appropriate, may be more affected by external conditions. Ample
alternate liquidity is maintained.
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Issuers rated Prime-3 (or supporting institutions) have an acceptable
ability for repayment of senior short-term obligations. The effect of
industry characteristics and market compositions may be more
pronounced. Variability in earnings and profitability may result in
changes in the level of debt protection measurements and may require
relatively high financial leverage.
Adequate alternate liquidity is maintained.
Issuers rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating
categories.
Fitch Investors Service, Inc. Short-Term Ratings
Fitch's short-term ratings apply to debt obligations that are payable on demand
or have original maturities of generally up to three years, including commercial
paper, certificates of deposit, medium-term notes, and municipal and investment
notes.
The short-term rating places greater emphasis than a long-term rating on the
existence of liquidity necessary to meet the issuer's obligations in a timely
manner.
F-1+ Exceptionally Strong Credit Quality. Issues assigned this
rating are regarded as having the strongest degree of
assurance for timely payment.
F-1 Very Strong Credit Quality. Issues assigned this rating
reflect an assurance of timely payment only slightly less in
degree than issues rated F.
F-2 Good Credit Quality. Issues assigned this rating have a
satisfactory degree of assurance for timely payment but the
margin of safety is not as great as for issues assigned F-1+
and F-1 ratings.
F-3 Fair Credit Quality. Issues assigned this rating have
characteristics suggesting that the degree of assurance for
timely payment is adequate; however, near-term adverse changes
could cause these securities to be rated below investment
grade.
F-S Weak Credit Quality. Issues assigned this rating have
characteristics suggesting a minimal degree of assurance for
timely payment and are vulnerable to near-term adverse changes
in financial and economic conditions.
D Default Issues assigned this rating are in actual or
imminent payment default.
LOC The symbol LOC indicates that the rating is based on a letter
of credit issued by a commercial bank.
Duff & Phelps, Inc. Short-Term Debt Ratings
Duff & Phelps' short-term ratings are consistent with the rating criteria used
by money market participants. The ratings apply to all obligations with
maturities of under one year, including commercial paper, the uninsured portion
of certificates of deposit, unsecured bank loans, master notes, banker's
acceptances, irrevocable letters of credit, and current maturities of long-term
debt. Asset-backed commercial paper also is rated according to this scale.
Emphasis is placed on liquidity, which is defined as not only cash from
operations but also access to alternative sources of funds including trade
credit, bank lines, and the capital markets. An important consideration is the
level of an obligor's reliance on short-term funds on an ongoing basis.
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Rating Scale: Definition
High Grade
D-1+ Highest certainty of timely payment. Short-term
liquidity, including internal operating factors and
or access to alternative sources of funds, is
outstanding, and safety is just below risk-free
U.S. Treasury short-term obligations.
D-1 Very high certainty of timely payment. Liquidity
factors are excellent and supported by good
fundamental protection factors. Risk factors are
minor.
D-1 High certainty of timely payment. Liquidity factors
are strong and supported by good fundamental
protection factors. Risk factors are very small.
Good Grade
D-2 Good certainty of timely payment. Liquidity factors
and company fundamentals are sound. Although
ongoing funding needs may enlarge total financing
requirements, access to capital markets is good.
Risk factors are small.
Satisfactory Grade
D-3 Satisfactory liquidity and other protection factors
qualify issues as to investment grade. Risk factors
are larger and subject to more variation.
Nevertheless, timely payment is expected.
Non-Investment Grade
D-4 Speculative investment characteristics. Liquidity
is not sufficient to insure against disruption in
debt service. Operating factors and market access
may be subject to a high degree of variation.
Default
D-5 Issuer failed to meet scheduled principal and/or
interest payments.
Thomson BankWatch (TBW) Short-Term Ratings
The TBW Short-Term Ratings apply, unless otherwise noted, to specific debt
instruments of the rated entities with a maturity of one year or less. TBW
Short-Term Ratings are intended to assess the likelihood of untimely or
incomplete payments of principal or interest.
TBW-1 The highest category; indicates a very high likelihood that
principal and interest will be paid on a timely basis.
TBW-2 The second highest category; while the degree of safety
regarding timely repayment of principal and interest is
strong, the relative degree of safety is not as high as for
issues rated TBW- I.
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TBW-3 The lowest investment-grade category; indicates that while
the obligation is more susceptible to adverse developments
(both internal and external) than those with higher ratings,
the capacity to service principal and interest in a timely
fashion is considered adequate.
TBW-4 The lowest rating category; this rating is regarded as
non-investment grade and therefore speculative.
IBCA Short-Term Ratings
IBCA Short-Term Ratings assess the borrowing characteristics of banks and
corporations, and the capacity for timely repayment of debt obligations. The
Short-Term Ratings relate to debt that has a maturity of less than one year.
A1 Obligations supported by the highest capacity for timely
repayment. Where issues possess a particularly strong credit
feature, a rating of A1+ is assigned.
A2 Obligations supported by a good capacity for timely
repayment.
A3 Obligations supported by a satisfactory capacity for timely
repayment.
B Obligations for which there is an uncertainty as to the
capacity to ensure timely repayment.
C Obligations for which there is a high risk of default or
which are currently in default.
Moody's & S&P's
Short-Term Muni Bonds and Notes
Short-term municipal bonds and notes are rated by Moody's and by S&P. The
ratings reflect the liquidity concerns and market access risks unique to notes.
Moody's MIG 1/VMIG 1 indicates the best quality. There is present strong
protection by established cash flows, superior liquidity support or demonstrated
broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
Moody's MIG 2/VMIG 2 indicates high quality. Margins of protection are ample
although not so large as in the preceding group.
Moody's MIG 3/VMIG 3 indicates favorable quality. All security elements are
accounted for but there is lacking the undeniable strength of the preceding
grades. Liquidity and cash flow protection may be narrow and market access for
refinancing is likely to be less well established.
Moody' s MIG 4/VMIG 4 indicates adequate quality. Protection commonly regarded
as required of an investment security is present and although not distinctly or
predominantly speculative, there is specific risk.
Standard & Poor's rating SP-1 indicates very strong or strong capacity to pay
principal and interest. Those issues determined to possess overwhelming safety
characteristics will be given a plus (+) designation.
Standard & Poor's rating SP-2 indicates satisfactory capacity to pay principal
and interest.
Standard & Poor's rating SP-3 indicates speculative capacity to pay principal
and interest.
