<PAGE> 1
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D. C. 20549
F O R M 2 0 - F
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF l934
For the fiscal year ended March 31, l996
Commission file number 1-6439
SONY KABUSHIKI KAISHA
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
SONY CORPORATION
(Translation of registrant's name into English)
JAPAN
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
7-35, KITASHINAGAWA 6-CHOME, SHINAGAWA-KU, TOKYO
141, JAPAN
(Address of principal executive offices)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.
Title of each class Name of each exchange
on which registered
American Depositary Shares* New York Stock Exchange
Pacific Stock Exchange
Chicago Stock Exchange
Common Stock** New York Stock Exchange
Pacific Stock Exchange
Chicago Stock Exchange
* American Depositary Shares evidenced by American Depositary
Receipts. Each American Depositary Share represents one share
of Common Stock.
** Par value 50 Japanese yen per share.
Not for trading, but only in connection with the listing of
American Depositary Shares pursuant to the requirements of
the relevant exchanges.
Securities registered pursuant to Section l2(g) of the Act.
None
----------------
(Title of Class)
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Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section
15(d) of the Act.
None
----------------
(Title of Class)
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer's classes of
capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual
report.
Outstanding as of
March 31, l996 March 28, l996
Title of Class (Tokyo Time) (New York Time)
---------------- ------------ ---------------
Common Stock 374,067,706
American Depositary Shares 10,797,185
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (l) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section l3 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
l934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to
such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes X No
----- -----
Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has
elected to follow.
Item 17 Item 18 X
----- -----
In this document, Sony Corporation is referred to as the "Company" and the
Company and its consolidated subsidiaries are together referred to as "Sony."
Also, sales and operating revenue is referred to as "sales" in the narrative
description except in Consolidated Financial Statements.
The noon buying rate for yen in New York City as certified for customs
purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on August 30, 1996 was
108.70 yen= U.S. 1 dollar.
As of March 31, 1996, the Company had 988 consolidated subsidiaries. It has
applied the equity accounting method in respect to its 35 affiliated
companies.
Cautionary Statement With Respect to Forward-Looking Statements
Statements made in this annual report with respect to Sony's plans,
strategies and beliefs and other statements which are not historical facts
are forward-looking statements which involve risks and uncertainties.
Potential risks and uncertainties include, without limitation, general
economic conditions in Sony's markets, particularly levels of consumer
spending; exchange rates, particularly between the yen and the U.S. dollar,
in which Sony makes significant sales; and Sony's ability to continue to win
acceptance of its products, which are offered in highly competitive markets
characterized by continual new product introductions, rapid developments in
technology (particularly in the Electronics Business), and subjective and
changing consumer preferences (particularly in the Entertainment Business).
2
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PART I
Item 1. Description of Business
General
The Company was established in Japan in May l946 as Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo
Kabushiki Kaisha. In January l958, it changed its name to Sony Kabushiki
Kaisha (Sony Corporation in English).
Sony is engaged in the development, manufacture and sale of various
kinds of electronic equipment, instruments and devices. Sony's principal
manufacturing facilities are located in Japan, the U.S., Europe, and Asia,
and its products are marketed by sales subsidiaries and unaffiliated local
distributors throughout the world. In addition to internationalizing its
production operations, Sony has promoted the transfer of research and
development activities and management functions overseas to bring its
overseas operations in even closer contact with local communities.
Sony is also engaged worldwide in the development, production,
manufacture, and distribution of recorded music, in all commercial formats
and musical genres, and image-based software, including film, video,
television, and new entertainment technologies. These activities are carried
on principally through Sony Music Entertainment Inc. (SMEI), Sony Music
Entertainment (Japan) Inc. (SMEJ) and Sony Pictures Entertainment (SPE).
In addition, Sony conducts insurance and financing business mainly in
Japan.
Products
For revenue reporting purposes, Sony classifies its business into three
segments: Electronics Business, which includes Video Equipment, Audio
Equipment, Televisions, and Other Products; Entertainment Business, which
includes Music Group and Pictures Group; and Insurance and Financing.
The following table sets forth Sony's sales by business group for the
periods indicated.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year ended March 31
............................................................
1994* 1995* 1996
................. ................ .................
(Millions of yen)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Video Equipment 668,537 691,116 731,097
(17.9) (17.3) (15.9)
Audio Equipment 840,723 898,507 905,441
(22.4) (22.5) (19.7)
Televisions 617,901 708,574 794,767
(16.5) (17.8) (17.3)
Other Products 713,743 777,031 1,098,849
(19.1) (19.5) (24.0)
................. ................ .................
Total Electronics Business 2,840,904 3,075,228 3,530,154
(75.9) (77.1) (76.9)
................. ................ .................
Music Group 461,752 494,931 512,908
(12.3) (12.4) (11.2)
Pictures Group 327,748 281,677 318,305
( 8.8) ( 7.0) (6.9)
................. ................ .................
Total Entertainment Business 789,500 776,608 831,213
(21.1) (19.4) (18.1)
................. ................ .................
Insurance and Financing 113,881 138,747 231,198
(3.0) (3.5) (5.0)
................. ................ .................
Sales and operating revenue 3,744,285 3,990,583 4,592,565
================= ================ =================
</TABLE>
Figures in parentheses indicate percentage of sales and operating revenue.
* Sales and operating revenue for the fiscal years ended March 31, 1994 and
1995 have been reclassified to conform with the presentation for the fiscal
year ended March 31, 1996.
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Video Equipment:
Sony offers a wide range of video equipment, including 8mm, VHS, Beta,
and Consumer-Use Digital VCR Specifications (DV format) home-use videotape
recorders (VTRs), laserdisc (LD) players, video CD players, broadcast- and
industrial-use video equipment, Japanese high-definition TV standard
(Hi-Vision)-related equipment, and videotapes.
In September 1995, Sony launched Digital Handycam camcorders based on
the DV-format and mini DV cassettes in Japan, the U.S., and Europe.
Audio Equipment:
Audio Equipment offered by Sony includes MiniDisc (MD) systems, CD
players, headphone stereos, personal component stereos, hi-fi components,
digital audio tape (DAT) recorders/players, radio-cassette tape recorders,
tape recorders, radios, headphones, car stereos, car navigation systems,
professional-use audio equipment, audiotapes, and blank MDs.
Sony is working to expand the markets for its extensive MD system
lineup, which includes MD Walkman models, MD decks, and compact stereo
systems that incorporate MD decks.
Televisions:
Televisions offered by Sony include color TVs, Hi-Vision TVs,
projection TVs, satellite broadcasting reception systems, computer displays,
professional-use monitors/projectors, and large color video display systems.
Sony's computer displays equipped with Trinitron cathode ray tubes
(CRTs) are well regarded worldwide for their excellent quality and high
resolution.
Other Products:
Other Products offered by Sony include semiconductors, electronic
components, CRTs, data storage systems, computers, telecommunications
equipment, home video game system, batteries, and factory automation (FA)
systems.
Following its launch in Japan in December 1994, the 32-bit home video
game system PlayStation was introduced into the U.S. and Europe in September
1995.
Music Group:
SMEI and SMEJ produce, manufacture, market and distribute CDs, MDs,
LDs, records, and pre-recorded audio and video cassettes, and produce and
manufacture CD-ROMs. They hold contracts with many top artists worldwide in
all musical genres.
Sony has a leading CD production capacity, with plants in Australia,
Austria, Brazil, Canada, Hong Kong, Japan, Mexico, and the U.S. A new optical
disc manufacturing facility in Springfield, Oregon became operational in
summer 1995.
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Pictures Group:
Pictures Group's global operations encompass motion picture production
and distribution, television programming and syndication, theatrical
exhibition, home video distribution, development and implementation of new
entertainment technologies, operation of studio facilities and distribution
of filmed entertainment worldwide.
SPE's motion picture arm, the Columbia TriStar Motion Pictures
Companies, includes Columbia Pictures, TriStar Pictures, Sony Pictures
Classics, Triumph Films, Sony Pictures Releasing, and Columbia TriStar Film
Distributors International, SPE's international theatrical business.
SPE's Television Group, Sony Television Entertainment, is comprised of
Columbia TriStar Television, Columbia TriStar Television Distribution, and
Columbia TriStar International Television, SPE's international television
business.
SPE's home video operations are conducted through Columbia TriStar Home
Video.
SPE also manages two studio facilities, Sony Pictures Studios and The
Culver Studios, both of which are located at SPE's world headquarters in
Culver City, California.
Through Sony Retail Entertainment's Sony Theatres division, Sony
currently operates 929 motion picture screens in 148 locations.
Insurance and Financing:
Insurance and Financing consists principally of the individual life
insurance business operated in Japan by Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and
certain consumer financing and leasing businesses conducted by Sony Finance
International, Inc. in Japan.
Sales and Distribution
The following table shows Sony's sales in each of its major markets for
the periods indicated.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year ended March 31
...........................................................
1994* 1995* 1996
................. ................ ................
(Millions of yen)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Japan 1,033,273 1,105,152 1,379,804
(27.6) (27.7) (30.0)
United States 1,154,454 1,152,081 1,259,926
(30.8) (28.9) (27.4)
Europe 832,751 905,416 1,054,010
(22.3) (22.7) (23.0)
Other Areas 723,807 827,934 898,825
(19.3) (20.7) (19.6)
================= ================ ================
Sales and operating revenue 3,744,285 3,990,583 4,592,565
================= ================ ================
</TABLE>
Figures in parentheses indicate percentage of sales and operating revenue.
*Sales and operating revenue for the fiscal years ended March 31, 1994 and
1995 have been reclassified to conform with the presentation for the fiscal
year ended March 31, 1996.
5
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Electronics Business
Sony's electronic products are sold throughout the world under the
trademark "Sony," which has been registered in 190 countries and territories.
In most cases, sales of Sony's electronic products are made to
subsidiaries of the Company located in diverse geographical areas, and these
subsidiaries sell to local distributors and dealers. In some locations, the
Company sells directly to local distributors.
Japan:
Consumer-use electronic products are marketed through six sales
companies. Three of these companies sell the full lines of Sony products. The
other three companies specialize in selling car audio and electronic
products, recording media and batteries, and electronic products for
tourists. The six sales companies distribute Sony products to about 30,000
retail outlets throughout Japan.
For non-consumer electronic products, the Company has sales companies
in Tokyo and sales offices throughout the country which sell products to
wholesalers, manufacturers and industrial and professional users.
North America:
Sony Electronics Inc. markets Sony's electronic products for both
consumer and non-consumer use in the U.S. This subsidiary has 15 sales and
distribution branches and offices throughout the U.S. In Canada, Sony markets
its electronic products through Sony of Canada Ltd.
Europe:
In Europe, Sony's electronic products for both consumer and
non-consumer use are marketed through its sales subsidiaries, including Sony
United Kingdom Limited, Sony Deutschland G.m.b.H. and Sony France S.A.
Other Areas:
In overseas areas other than North America and Europe, Sony's
electronic products are marketed through sales subsidiaries, including Sony
Corporation of Hong Kong Limited, Sony Gulf FZE and Sony Comercio e Industria
Ltda. In areas where the Company has no subsidiary, it markets its products
through local distributors.
Entertainment Business
Music Group:
SMEI and SMEJ market and distribute CDs, MDs, LDs, records, and
pre-recorded audio and video cassettes.
SMEI conducts this business in the U.S. under the "Columbia," "Epic,"
"Sony Classical" and other labels. The Columbia House Company, a 50:50
partnership between SMEI and a subsidiary of Time Warner Inc., is engaged in
direct marketing of music and home-video products in the U.S. and Canada.
SMEI's affiliates located outside the U.S. conduct the aforesaid
business in countries other than the U.S. and Japan.
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Pictures Group:
SPE generally secures all rights relating to the worldwide distribution
of its internally produced motion pictures, including rights for theatrical
exhibition, home videocassette, and LD distribution, pay and free television
exhibition and other markets. SPE may also acquire distribution rights to
motion pictures produced by other companies, and these rights may be limited
to particular geographic regions or specific forms of media. SPE uses its own
distribution services business for the U.S. theatrical release of its films
and those acquired from and produced by others.
Outside the U.S., SPE generally distributes and markets the films
through one of its Columbia Tristar Film Distributors International
subsidiaries. However, in certain countries, SPE has joint distribution
facilities with other studios or arrangements with independent local
distributors.
The worldwide home video distribution of motion pictures, television
programs and other video products of SPE (and those acquired or licensed from
others) is handled through Columbia TriStar Home Video.
SPE produces television programming and licenses it to network
television for prime time or daytime broadcast and, in certain instances, for
first-run syndication or directly to cable services. SPE also licenses rights
to its library of television programming and motion pictures to network
affiliates and independent stations in the U.S. and to international
television stations and other broadcasters throughout the world.
The Pictures Group, through Sony Retail Entertainment's Sony Theatres
division, exhibits its own and other motion picture companies' films. SPE
also distributes its films for theatrical exhibition in theatres operated by
others.
Overseas Operations
Sony has actively expanded its overseas production capabilities
following a basic policy that products should be manufactured in the markets
in which they are sold. During the year under review, Sony continued to
enhance its overseas production capabilities, with an emphasis on Asia. As of
March 31, 1996, it operates 15 manufacturing facilities in the U.S., 12 in
Europe, and 30 in other overseas areas. Sony intends to further expand its
overseas production to build a corporate structure less susceptible to the
negative impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations. In addition to
internationalizing its manufacturing operations overseas, Sony continued to
promote the localization of R&D, design, materials and parts procurement, and
management functions to bring its overseas operations in even closer contact
with local communities.
After-sales Service
Sony maintains a policy of providing repair and servicing functions in
the countries where its electronic products are sold. In large markets such
as Japan, the U.S., and Europe, Sony provides these services through its own
service stations, authorized independent service stations and authorized
servicing dealers; other markets are mainly serviced by authorized servicing
dealers.
In line with industry practice, almost all of Sony's electronic
products sold in Japan carry a warranty for a period of generally one year
from the date of purchase for repairs, free of charge, for malfunctions
occurring in the course of ordinary use. Overseas warranties are generally
provided for various periods of time depending on the product and the country
where it is marketed.
To further ensure customer satisfaction, Sony maintains customer
information centers in each market.
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<PAGE> 8
Competition
In each of its principal product lines, Sony encounters intense
competition throughout the world. Sony believes, however, that in the
aggregate it competes successfully and has a major position in all of the
principal product lines in which it is engaged, although the strength of its
position varies with products and markets. Sony believes that the high
quality of its products, its record of innovative product introductions and
product improvements, and its extensive marketing and servicing efforts are
important factors in maintaining its competitive position.
The success in the music entertainment business is dependent to a large
extent upon the artistic and creative abilities of its employees and outside
talent and is subject to the vagaries of public taste.
SPE faces intense competition from other major motion picture studios
and, to a lesser extent, from independent production companies for the
attention of the movie-going public. Competition in television production,
distribution and syndication is also intense because available broadcast time
is limited and the audience is increasingly fragmented among broadcast, cable
and other networks.
Research and Development
The Company restructured its R&D operations as part of an overall
corporate reorganization on April 1, 1996. To meet the diverse
product-related needs of its various businesses, the Company actively carries
out R&D at each of its independent companies. Strategic R&D relating to the
entire Sony Group, especially that devoted to developing new key
technologies, is delegated to five corporate laboratories-the Research
Center, the Advanced Development Laboratory, the Architecture Laboratory, the
Media Processing Laboratory, and the Systems Solutions Laboratory-as well as
the D21 Laboratory. These facilities are located in Tokyo and Kanagawa
prefecture in Japan and directly controlled by corporate headquarters. The
R&D agenda include such fields as electronic materials technologies, basic
devices, next-generation systems and products that will be crucial to
business, software and hardware architectures for information and networkable
products, system LSI (large-scale integration), signal processing
technologies, and basic technologies related to the Internet and computer
business, as well as long-term R&D themes based on visions of the 21st
century.
In the U.S., there are Research Laboratories, which specialize in such
R&D fields as semiconductors, digital signal processing, advanced TV, digital
satellite broadcasting systems, and telecommunications technology. There are
additional development centers in the U.K., Germany, Belgium, and Singapore.
R&D expenses were 229.9 billion yen in the fiscal year ended March 31,
1994; 239.2 billion yen in the fiscal year ended March 31, 1995; and 257.3
billion yen in the fiscal year ended March 31, 1996.
Sony believes R&D activities are vital to its long-term growth in
electronics. As a result of its R&D activities, Sony has recently developed:
- A distributed, real-time computer operating system (OS), which can
be used with many different computer systems, due to its microkernel
architecture, and which can easily be used in such devices as mobile
communications terminals and home-use audiovisual equipment.
- Flat panel display based on Plasma Addressed Liquid Crystal (PALC)
technology jointly developed with Tektronix, Inc., of the U.S.,
featuring high-brightness, high-contrast, and high-resolution.
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<PAGE> 9
Patents and Licenses
Sony has a number of patents in Japan and other countries, and licenses
granted from other firms. Sony considers a number of its license agreements
to be important to its business. Sony has license agreements with RCA Thomson
Licensing Corporation covering a wide range of its products, such as color
televisions, VTRs and other related equipment. Sony has license agreements
with American Telephone and Telegraph Company covering semiconductors and has
cross license agreements with Philips Electronics N. V. covering optical disc
players and VTRs. Sony also has license agreements with Matsushita Electric
Industrial Co., Ltd. and Victor Company of Japan Limited covering magnetic
and optical recorder products, Ampex Corporation covering video tape recorder
related products, and International Business Machines Corporation covering a
wide range of information processing products.
Sources of Supply
Sony purchases a variety of raw materials, parts, and components from
various sources of supply around the world. Sony intends to continue its
efforts to increase imports of raw materials, parts, and components from
other countries for its production facilities in Japan. Sony is also
promoting procurement of locally made raw materials, parts, and components
while reducing those made in Japan for overseas production facilities.
Evaluation of sources of supply are carried out both periodically and
upon necessity, and Sony does not depend upon one source of supply for any
essential items.
Employee Relations
As of March 31, l996, Sony had approximately 151,000 full-time
employees, of which approximately 15% were members of labor unions.
Approximately 61,000 full-time employees were located in Japan and 90,000
overseas. Sony considers its labor relations to be very good.
Basic wage rates of the Company are reviewed annually in April. In
addition, in accordance with Japanese custom, the Company grants its
full-time employees semi-annual bonuses. The Company provides its employees
with a wide variety of fringe benefits.
Basic wage rates, bonus policies, fringe benefits, retirement ages and
retirement benefits may vary for Sony employees outside Japan because of
diverse employment practices in the countries where Sony does business
throughout the world.
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Item 2. Description of Property
Sony has a number of plants throughout the world. Most of the buildings
and land on which they are located are owned by Sony free from significant
encumbrances. Sony makes a point of maintaining its plants and other
properties carefully to insure that production capacity is adequate for
present requirements.
The following table sets forth information as of March 31, 1996 with
respect to principal plants for electronic products:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Approximate
Location floor space Principal products manufactured
------------------------------------------ ------------------- ----------------------------------------
(square feet)
<S> <C> <C>
In Japan
Kanagawa (Atsugi Technology Center) 3,229,000 Semiconductors and broadcast- and
industrial-use video equipment
Miyagi (Sendai Technology Center) 1,122,000 Magnetic and optical recording media
and electronic components
Kagoshima(Sony Kokubu Corporation) 1,059,000 Semiconductors
Aichi (Sony Kohda Corporation) 928,000 VTRs
Aichi (Sony Inazawa Corporation) 876,000 CRTs
Aichi (Sony Ichinomiya Corporation) 831,000 Color TVs, computer displays, and
professional-use monitors
Tochigi (Sony Chemicals Corporation) 739,000 Videotapes, adhesives, electronic
components, and thermal transfer ribbon
Nagasaki (Sony Nagasaki Corporation) 690,000 Semiconductors
Shizuoka (Sony Broadcast 625,000 Broadcast- and industrial-use video
Products Corporation) equipment, audio equipment, and
computers
Chiba (Sony Kisarazu Corporation) 616,000 VTRs and home video game system
Gifu (Sony Minokamo Corporation) 577,000 VTRs
</TABLE>
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<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Approximate
Location floor space Principal products manufactured
------------------------------------------ ------------------- ----------------------------------------
(square feet)
<S> <C> <C>
Overseas
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. 2,715,000 Rear-projection TVs/CRTs
(Sony Electronics Inc.)
San Diego, California, U.S.A. 1,655,000 Color TVs, computer displays, and
(Sony Electronics Inc.) CRTs
Dothan, Alabama, U.S.A. 947,000 Videotapes and micro floppydisks
(Sony Magnetic Products Inc. of America)
San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A. 457,000 Semiconductors
(Sony Electronics Inc.)
Bridgend, Wales, U.K. 740,000 CRTs
(Sony United Kingdom Limited)
Pencoed, Wales, U.K. 707,000 Color TVs and computer displays
(Sony United Kingdom Limited)
Barcelona, Spain 461,000 Color TVs and rear-projection TVs
(Sony Espana, S.A.)
Alsace, France 422,000 Audio equipment and VTRs
(Sony France S.A.)
Penang, Malaysia 896,000 Audio equipment
(SONY ELECTRONICS (M) SDN. BHD.)
Nuevo Laredo, Mexico 781,000 Audio tapes and micro floppydisks
(Sony Magneticos de Mexico, S.A. de C.V.)
Jurong, Singapore 776,000 CRTs
(Sony Display Device (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.)
Tijuana, Mexico 671,000 Color TVs and computer displays
(Video-Tec de Mexico, S.A. de C.V.)
Bekasi, Indonesia 522,000 Audio equipment
(P.T. SONY ELECTRONICS INDONESIA)
Bangi, Malaysia 448,000 VTRs and CD-ROM drives
(SONY VIDEO (M) SDN. BHD.)
</TABLE>
In addition to the above, Sony has a number of other plants for
electronic products throughout the world. The Company owns R&D facilities of
the Research Center and other laboratories and employee housing and
recreation facilities, as well as the headquarters buildings in Tokyo at
which administrative functions and product development activities are carried
on.
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The following table sets forth information as of March 31, 1996 with
respect to principal plants of the Music Group:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Approximate
Location floor space Principal products manufactured
------------------------------------------ ------------------- ----------------------------------------
(square feet)
<S> <C> <C>
Shizuoka, Japan 537,000 CDs, MDs, and LDs
(Sony Music Entertainment (Japan) Inc.)
Carrollton, Georgia, U.S.A. 673,000 CDs and audio and video cassettes
(Sony Music Entertainment Inc.)
Terre Haute, Indiana, U.S.A. 648,000 CDs, MDs, CD-ROMs, and LDs
(Digital Audio Disc Corporation)
Springfield, Oregon, U.S.A. 335,000 CDs and CD-ROMs
(Sony Music Entertainment Inc.)
Pitman, New Jersey, U.S.A. 510,000 CDs
(Sony Music Entertainment Inc.)
Haarlem, Holland 453,000 Records and audio cassettes
(Sony Music Entertainment (Holland) B.V.)
Salzburg, Austria 329,000 CDs, MDs, CD-ROMs, and LDs
(Sony DADC Austria A.G.)
</TABLE>
In addition to the above, SMEI and its affiliates have several plants
in various parts of the world and lease their corporate headquarters located
in New York City. SMEJ's offices, including leased premises, are mainly
located in Tokyo, Japan.
SPE's corporate offices and major motion picture and television
production facilities are headquartered in Culver City, California, where it
owns and operates two studio facilities, Sony Pictures Studios and The Culver
Studios. SPE also leases office space and motion picture and television
support facilities from affiliates of the Company and other third parties.
Its film and tape operations are located in Inwood, New York, where SPE also
leases space. Sony Theatres leases administrative office space in New York
City. Additionally, Sony Theatres leases approximately 88% of the facilities
it operates, primarily long-term land leases, owns approximately 6% and has
management agreements and partnership agreements covering the remaining 6%.
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Item 3. Legal Proceedings
The Company and certain of its subsidiaries are defendants in several
pending lawsuits. However, based upon the information currently available to
both the Company and its legal counsel, management of the Company believes
that damages from such lawsuits, if any, would not have a material effect on
the Company's consolidated financial statements.
Item 4. Control of Registrant
(a)As far as known to the Company, it is not directly or indirectly owned or
controlled by any other corporation or by the Japanese government or any
foreign government.
(b)(1)To the knowledge of the Company, no person owns of record or
beneficially more than 10% of the outstanding Common Stock.
(2)The total number of shares of the Company's Common Stock beneficially
owned by the Directors and Statutory Auditors as of March 31, l996 is
as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Number of Shares Percentage
Title of Class Identity of Person or Group Beneficially Owned of Class
-------------- ---------------------------- ------------------ -----------
(in thousands)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Common Stock Directors and Statutory Auditors 1,938 0.5%
</TABLE>
(c)As far as is known to the Company, there is no arrangement, the operation
of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in control of the
Company.
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Item 5. Nature of Trading Market
The primary markets for the Company's Common Stock are the Tokyo Stock
Exchange (the "TSE") in the form of Common Stock and the New York Stock
Exchange (the "NYSE") in the form of American Depositary Shares evidenced by
American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"). Each American Depositary Share
represents one share of Common Stock.
The Company's Common Stock, par value 50 yen per share, has been listed
on the TSE since 1958, and is also listed on the four other stock exchanges
in Japan: Osaka, Nagoya, Fukuoka and Sapporo. In addition, the Company's
Common Stock is listed on the following stock exchanges outside Japan:
Pacific, Chicago, Toronto, London, Paris, Frankfurt, Dusseldorf, Brussels,
Antwerp, Vienna, and Swiss.
The Company's ADRs have been traded in the U.S. since 1961 and have
been listed on the NYSE since 1970. The Company's ADRs are issued and
exchanged by Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York, as Depositary.
At March 31, 1996, there were 374,067,706 shares of Common Stock
outstanding, of which 10,797,185 shares were in the form of ADRs and
32,198,824 shares were held of record in the form of Common Stock by
residents in the U.S. The number of registered ADR holders was 6,235, and the
number of registered holders of shares of Common Stock in the U.S. was 205.
The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the reported
high and low sales prices of the Company's Common Stock on the TSE and the
reported high and low sales prices of American Depositary Shares on the NYSE.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Tokyo Stock New York Stock
Exchange Price Exchange Price
Per Share of Per American
Common Stock Depositary Share
---------------------- --------------------------
High Low High Low
----- ---- ----- ---
Fiscal year ended March 31, 1995
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1st quarter 6,440 yen 5,590 yen 61 3/8 dollar 54 1/4 dollar
2nd quarter 6,310 5,640 63 1/4 57 1/4
3rd quarter 6,010 5,000 60 7/8 50 3/8
4th quarter 5,720 3,990 56 1/8 42 1/2
Fiscal year ended March 31, 1996
1st quarter 4,320 yen 3,730 yen 52 1/2 dollar 45 7/8 dollar
2nd quarter 5,630 4,010 58 1/4 48 3/4
3rd quarter 6,230 4,570 61 1/2 45 1/2
4th quarter 7,030 6,040 66 1/4 57 3/8
</TABLE>
14
<PAGE> 15
Item 6. Exchange Controls and Other Limitations Affecting Security Holders
(a) Japanese Foreign Exchange Controls
The Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Control Law of Japan, as
amended, and the cabinet orders and ministerial ordinances issued thereunder
(together, the "foreign exchange regulations") govern certain matters
relating to the acquisition and holding of shares of common stock by
"non-residents of Japan" and "foreign investors" (as defined below).
"Non-residents of Japan" are defined as individuals who are not
resident in Japan and corporations whose principal offices are located
outside Japan. Generally, branches and other offices of Japanese corporations
located outside Japan are regarded as non-residents of Japan, but branches
and other offices of non-resident corporations located within Japan are
regarded as residents of Japan.
Acquisition of Shares
Acquisition by a non-resident of Japan of shares of stock of a Japanese
corporation from a resident of Japan generally requires prior notification by
the acquiring person to the Minister of Finance. The notification must be
filed not more than 10 days prior to the proposed acquisition. If, however, a
party to the transaction is one of the securities companies (or licensed
branches of foreign securities companies) which are designated by the
Minister of Finance or if such a securities company acts as an intermediary
(broker or agent) in such transaction, no prior notification is required.
Such designated securities companies are subject to reporting requirements to
the Minister of Finance through The Bank of Japan.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the proposed transaction falls within
the category of "inward direct investment" referred to below, the transaction
is subject to different regulations.
The term "inward direct investment" in relation to transactions in shares
means:
(i) acquisition by a "foreign investor" (a non-resident individual or a
corporation which was organized under the laws of a foreign country or whose
principal business office is located outside Japan or a Japanese corporation
a majority of whose shares are owned, directly or indirectly, by
non-residents and/or foreign corporations or a majority of whose officers or
officers having the power of representation are non-resident individuals) of
shares of stock of a Japanese corporation whose shares are not listed on any
stock exchange (or registered with a securities dealers' association as
shares to be traded on an over-the-counter market) other than acquisition of
such shares from other foreign investors;
(ii) acquisition by a foreign investor of shares of an unlisted corporation
from a non-resident who had held such shares since the time when he was a
resident; and
(iii) acquisition of shares of a listed corporation by a foreign investor
(whether from a resident, a non-resident or any other foreign investor) the
result of which would be such investor's holding directly or indirectly 10%
or more of the total outstanding shares of such corporation or (if such
foreign investor already holds 10% or more of the total outstanding shares of
such corporation) acquisition of additional shares in such corporation.
Except in limited cases which are prescribed by the law as requiring a
prior notification, whenever an inward direct investment is made, the foreign
investor who made such investment must make a post facto report to the
Minister of Finance and other Ministers having jurisdiction over the business
of the issuer of the shares within 15 days from the acquisition.
15
<PAGE> 16
If the proposed acquisition falls within the category requiring a prior
notification (acquisition of shares of a corporation engaged in agricultural,
forestry or fishery business, petroleum business, mining business, animal
hide or hide product business and certain other business designated by
regulations), the foreign investor who intends to effect such transaction
must file a prior notification with the Minister of Finance and other
Ministers having jurisdiction over the business of the corporation whose
shares of stock are intended to be acquired. During a period between two
weeks and, depending on the situations, five months in an exceptional case,
from the filing of such notification, the foreign investor may not acquire
the shares. During the waiting period, if the Ministers consider that the
proposed acquisition would lead to any of the situations enumerated by
regulations, they may, after hearing the opinion of the Foreign Exchange
Council, recommend that the foreign investor modify or refrain from
performing the proposed acquisition. If the foreign investor does not accept
the recommendation, the Ministers may issue an order for modification or
prohibition of the proposed acquisition.
Dividends and Proceeds of Sale
Under the foreign exchange regulations, dividends paid on, and the
proceeds of sales in Japan of, shares of Common Stock of the Company held by
non-residents of Japan may in general be converted into any foreign currency
and repatriated abroad. The acquisition of shares of Common Stock of the
Company by non-resident shareholders by way of a stock split is not subject
to any notification requirements.
Exercise or Transfer of Subscription Rights
Acquisition by a non-resident shareholder of shares of Common Stock of
the Company upon exercise of subscription rights is subject to the same
formalities and restrictions as referred to under "Acquisition of Shares"
above and such non-resident may in general exercise such rights after filing
a prior notification with the Minister of Finance as to such acquisition. If
a non-resident shareholder wishes to dispose of, rather than exercise, any
subscription rights, he may sell such rights in or outside Japan without
restriction. Rights to subscribe for shares of Common Stock may be made
generally transferable by the Board of Directors. Whether the Company will
make subscription rights generally transferable in future offerings will
depend upon the circumstances at the times of such offerings. If subscription
rights are not made generally transferable, a transfer by a foreign investor
not resident in Japan will be enforceable against the Company and third
parties only if prior written consent to each such transfer is obtained from
the Company. When such consent is necessary in the future for the transfer of
subscription rights, the Company intends to consent, on request, to all such
transfers by non-residents.
American Depositary Shares
Neither the deposit of shares of Common Stock of the Company by a
non-resident of Japan, the issuance of ADRs in exchange therefor, nor the
withdrawal of the underlying shares of Common Stock of the Company upon
surrender of ADRs is subject to any formalities or restrictions referred to
under "Acquisition of Shares" above.
16
<PAGE> 17
(b) Description of Common Stock
Set forth below is certain information relating to the Common Stock of
the Company, including brief summaries of certain provisions of the Company's
Articles of Incorporation and Share Handling Regulations, as currently in
effect, and of the Commercial Code of Japan relating to a joint stock company
(Kabushiki Kaisha) and certain related legislation.
General
The presently authorized capital stock of the Company is 1,350,000,000
shares, which may be issued with a par value of 50 yen per share or without a
par value. The Commercial Code requires that shares be in registered form.
Under the Commercial Code shares are transferable by delivery of share
certificates, but in order to assert shareholders' rights against the
Company, the transferee must have his name registered in the Company's
register of shareholders. All of the presently outstanding shares of the
Company are of a par value of 50 yen per share. The Company may, by a
resolution of the Board of Directors, convert par value shares into non-par
value shares or vice versa. Shareholders are required to file their names,
addresses and seals with The Toyo Trust and Banking Company, Limited, the
transfer agent for the Company, and shareholders not resident in Japan are
required to file a mailing address in Japan or appoint a resident proxy in
Japan. These requirements do not apply to the holders of ADRs.
Pursuant to the Law Concerning Central Clearing of Share Certificates
and Other Securities of Japan, a holder of shares of Common Stock is able to
choose, at his discretion, to participate in the central clearing system of
share certificates and all certificates of shares of Common Stock elected to
be put into this system are deposited with the central clearing system and
all such shares are registered in the name of the clearing house in the
Company's register of shareholders. Each participating shareholder in turn is
registered in the register of beneficial shareholders and treated the same
way as shareholders registered in the Company's register of shareholders.
Dividends
The Articles of Incorporation of the Company provide that the accounts
shall be closed on March 31 of each year and that dividends, if any, shall be
paid to the shareholders of record as of the end of such fiscal period. After
the close of the fiscal period, the Board of Directors prepares, among other
things, a proposed allocation of profits for dividends and other purposes;
this proposal is submitted to the Statutory Auditors of the Company and to
independent certified public accountants ("accountant auditors") and then
submitted for approval to the ordinary general meeting of shareholders, which
is normally held in June each year. In addition to provisions for dividends,
if any, and for the legal reserve and other reserves, the allocation of
profits customarily includes a bonus to Directors and Statutory Auditors. In
addition to annual dividends, the Board of Directors of the Company may by
its resolution declare a cash distribution pursuant to Article 293-5 of the
Commercial Code (an "interim dividend") to shareholders who are registered in
the Company's register of shareholders at the end of each September 30,
subject to the limitations described below.
17
<PAGE> 18
The Commercial Code provides that a company may not make any
distribution of profits by way of dividends or interim dividends for any
fiscal period unless it has set aside in its legal reserve an amount equal to
at least one-tenth of the amount paid by way of appropriation of retained
earnings for such fiscal period until the legal reserve is one-quarter of its
stated capital. The Commercial Code permits a company to distribute profits
by way of year-end or interim dividends out of the excess of its net assets
over the aggregate of (i) its stated capital, (ii) its capital surplus, (iii)
its accumulated legal reserve, (iv) the legal reserve to be set aside in
respect of the fiscal period concerned, and (v) the excess, if any, of
unamortized expenses incurred in preparation for commencement of business and
in connection with research and development expense over the aggregate of
amounts referred to in (ii), (iii) and (iv) above. If the Company has on its
balance sheet a number of shares of its Common Stock which the Company has
acquired for the purpose of transferring the same to its employees pursuant
to the amendments to the Commercial Code which came into force on October 1,
1994 (the "1994 amendments to the Commercial Code") but such shares are yet
to be transferred, the book value of such shares shall be deducted from the
amount available for payment of dividends. In the case of interim dividends,
the net assets are calculated by reference to the balance sheet as at the
last closing of the company's accounts, but adjusted to reflect any
subsequent payment by way of appropriation of retained earnings and the
transfer to the legal reserve in respect of such dividend, and any subsequent
transfer of retained earnings to stated capital, provided, that interim
dividends may not be paid where there is a risk that at the end of the fiscal
year there might not be any excess of net assets over the aggregate of the
amounts referred to in (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v) above, and, in addition
to the deduction referred to in the immediately preceding sentence, if the
Company's shareholders have adopted a resolution for the Company's purchase
of shares of its Common Stock for the purpose of transferring the same to its
employees or for the purpose of canceling the same pursuant to the 1994
amendments to the Commercial Code, the total amount of purchase price
authorized by such resolution shall, so long as such resolution has not
expired, and whether or not such purchase has been effected, be deducted from
the amount available for interim dividends.
The amendments to the Commercial Code which took effect on April 1,
1991 eliminated the provisions relating to "stock dividends." However, under
the amended Code, the shareholders may by resolution transfer any amount
which is distributable as dividends to stated capital and the Board of
Directors by resolution may issue additional shares by way of stock split up
to the aggregate par value equal to the amount so transferred; thus, the same
effect as a stock dividend can be achieved.
In Japan, the "ex-dividend" date and the record date for dividends
precede the date of determination of the amount of the dividend to be paid.
Transfer of Capital Surplus and Legal Reserve to Stated Capital and Free
Share Distributions
When the Company issues new shares of Common Stock the entire amount of
the issue price of such new shares is required to be accounted for as stated
capital, although the Company may account for an amount not exceeding
one-half of such issue price as capital surplus (subject to the remainder
being not less than the total par value of the new shares being issued). The
Board of Directors may transfer the whole or any part of capital surplus and
legal reserve to stated capital and grant to shareholders additional shares
of Common Stock free of charge by way of a stock split, without affecting the
par value thereof, with reference to the whole or any part of the amount of
capital surplus and legal reserve so transferred to stated capital; such
additional shares may also be granted by reference to the amount representing
the portion of the issue price of shares of Common Stock in excess of the par
value thereof which has been accounted for as stated capital.
18
<PAGE> 19
The Commercial Code permits the Company to make a partially free
distribution to shareholders by way of a rights issue at a subscription price
per share which is less than the par value thereof if (a) the difference
between the subscription price and the par value does not exceed the amount
of the stated capital minus the aggregate par value of all outstanding
shares, divided by the number of new shares to be issued pursuant to such
rights issue, (b) the sum of the net assets of the Company (as appearing on
the latest balance sheet) and the total subscription price, divided by the
number of the shares outstanding immediately after the issue of the new
shares, is at least 500 yen and (c) the subscription rights are made
transferable. In order to satisfy the requirement mentioned in (a) above, the
Board of Directors may transfer the whole or any part of capital surplus or
legal reserve to stated capital.
General Meeting of Shareholders
The ordinary general meeting of shareholders to settle accounts of the
Company for each fiscal period is normally held in June each year in
Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan. In addition, the Company may hold an
extraordinary general meeting of shareholders whenever necessary by giving at
least two weeks' advance notice to shareholders.
Notice of a shareholders' meeting setting forth the place, time and
purpose thereof, must be mailed to each shareholder having voting rights (or,
in the case of a non-resident shareholder, to his resident proxy or mailing
address in Japan) at least two weeks prior to the date set for the meeting.
Voting Rights
A shareholder is entitled to one vote per share subject to the
limitations on voting rights set forth in this paragraph and "'Unit' Share
System-Voting rights of a holder of shares representing less than one unit"
below. Except as otherwise provided by law or by the Company's Articles of
Incorporation, a resolution can be adopted at a general meeting of
shareholders by a majority of the shares having voting rights represented at
the meeting. The Commercial Code and the Company's Articles of Incorporation
provide, however, that the quorum for the election of Directors and Statutory
Auditors shall not be less than one-third of the total number of outstanding
shares having voting rights. The Company's shareholders are not entitled to
cumulative voting in the election of Directors. A corporate shareholder, more
than one-quarter of whose outstanding shares are directly or indirectly owned
by the Company, may not exercise its voting rights in respect of the shares
of the Company. The Company has no voting rights with respect to its own
Common Stock. Shareholders may exercise their voting rights through proxies,
provided that the proxies are also shareholders holding voting rights. The
Company's shareholders also may cast their votes in writing.
The Commercial Code provides that in order to amend the articles of
incorporation and in certain other instances, including an increase in the
total number of shares authorized to be issued, a reduction of the stated
capital, the removal of a director or statutory auditor, dissolution, merger
or consolidation of a corporation, the transfer of the whole or an important
part of the business, the taking over of the whole of the business of any
other corporation or any offering of new shares at a "specially favorable"
price (or any offering of convertible bonds or debentures with "specially
favorable" conversion conditions or of bonds or debentures with warrants or
rights to subscribe for new shares with "specially favorable" conditions) to
persons other than shareholders, the quorum shall be a majority of the total
number of shares having voting rights outstanding and the approval of the
holders of at least two-thirds of the shares having voting rights represented
at the meeting is required.
19
<PAGE> 20
Subscription Rights
Holders of the Company's Common Stock have no pre-emptive rights under
its Articles of Incorporation. Authorized but unissued shares may be issued
at such times and upon such terms as the Board of Directors determines,
subject to the limitations as to the offering of new shares at a "specially
favorable" price mentioned in "Voting Rights" above. The Board of Directors
may, however, determine that shareholders shall be given subscription rights
regarding a particular issue of new shares, in which case such rights must be
given on uniform terms to all shareholders as at a record date of which not
less than two weeks' public notice must be given. Each of the shareholders to
whom such rights are given must also be given notice of the expiry thereof at
least two weeks prior to the date on which such rights expire.
Rights to subscribe for new shares may be made generally transferable
by the Board of Directors. Whether the Company will make subscription rights
generally transferable in future rights offerings will depend upon the
circumstances at the time of such offerings. If subscription rights are not
made generally transferable, transfers by a foreign investor (as defined
above under the heading "(a) Japanese Foreign Exchange Controls") not
resident in Japan will be enforceable against the Company and third parties
only if the Company's prior written consent to each such transfer is
obtained. When such consent is necessary in the future for the transfer of
subscription rights, the Company intends to consent, on request, to all such
transfers by such a foreign investor.
Dilution
In the future it is possible that market conditions and other factors
might make a rights offering to shareholders at par or substantially below
the market price of shares of Common Stock desirable. If the number of shares
offered in a rights offering is substantial in relation to the number of
shares outstanding and the market price exceeds the subscription price at the
time of the offering, a shareholder who does not exercise and is unable
otherwise to realize the full value of his subscription rights would suffer
economic dilution of his equity interest in the Company.
Liquidation Rights
In the event of a liquidation of the Company, the assets remaining
after payment of all debts and liquidation expenses and taxes will be
distributed among the shareholders in proportion to the respective numbers of
shares held.
Liability to Further Calls or Assessments
All the Company's presently outstanding shares of Common Stock
including shares represented by the American Depositary Shares are fully paid
and non-assessable.
Transfer Agent
The Toyo Trust and Banking Company, Limited is the transfer agent for
the Company's Common Stock. As such transfer agent, its office at 4-3,
Marunouchi 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan keeps the Company's register of
shareholders and makes transfer of record ownership upon presentation of the
certificates representing the transferred shares.
20
<PAGE> 21
Record Date
March 31 is the record date for the Company's year-end dividends. The
shareholders who are registered as the holders of 100 shares or more in the
Company's register of shareholders at the end of each March 31 are also
entitled to exercise shareholders' rights at the ordinary general meeting of
the shareholders with respect to the fiscal period ending on such March 31.
September 30 is the record date for interim dividends. In addition, the
Company may set a record date for determining the shareholders entitled to
other rights and for other purposes by giving at least two weeks' public
notice.
The price of the shares generally goes ex-dividend or ex-rights on
Japanese stock exchanges on the third business day prior to a record date (or
if the record date is not a business day, the fourth business day prior
thereto), for the purpose of dividends or rights offerings.
Repurchase by the Company of its Common Stock
Except as otherwise permitted by the Commercial Code as set out below,
with minor exceptions, the Company or any of its subsidiaries cannot acquire
the Company's Common Stock except by means of a reduction of capital in the
manner provided in the Commercial Code. The Company may acquire its Common
Stock in response to a shareholder's request for purchase of his shares
representing less than one unit. See "'Unit' Share System-Right of a holder
of shares representing less than one unit to require the Company to purchase
such shares" below. Shares so purchased must be sold or otherwise transferred
to a third party within a reasonable period thereafter.
Pursuant to the 1994 amendments to the Commercial Code, the Company may
acquire its Common Stock for the following purposes, subject to the
authorization of shareholders at an ordinary general meeting: (1) for the
purpose of transferring the same to its employees; and (2) for the purpose of
cancellation thereof. Acquisition by the Company of its Common Stock for the
purpose of (1) above is subject to, among other things, the following
restrictions: (a) number of shares to be acquired does not exceed 3% of all
issued and outstanding shares; (b) total amount of purchase price does not
exceed the amount of the retained earnings available for dividend payment
minus the amount to be paid by way of appropriation of earnings for the
fiscal year and, if any amount of retained earnings is to be capitalized,
such amount; and (c) acquisition shall be made only through a stock exchange
transaction. Acquisition by the Company of its Common Stock under (2) above
is subject to the restrictions referred to in (b) and shall be made either
through a stock exchange transaction or by way of tender offer.
"Unit" Share System
Pursuant to the Commercial Code the Company has adopted 100 shares as
one unit of shares.
Transferability of shares representing less than one unit
Certificates for shares representing less than one unit may only be
issued in certain limited circumstances. Since the transfer of shares
normally requires delivery of the certificates therefor, fractions of a unit
for which no share certificates are issued are not transferable. Shares
representing less than one unit for which share certificates have been issued
continue to be transferable, but the transfer may be registered in the
Company's register of shareholders only if the transferee is already a
registered shareholder (whether in respect of units or of shares representing
less than one unit).
21
<PAGE> 22
Right of a holder of shares representing less than one unit to require the
Company to purchase such shares
A holder of shares representing less than one unit may at any time
require the Company to purchase such shares at their last reported sale price
on the Tokyo Stock Exchange on the day when such request is made or, if no
sale takes place on such exchange on such day, the price at which the first
sale of the shares is effected on the Tokyo Stock Exchange thereafter, less
applicable brokerage commission. The usual securities transfer tax is
applicable to such transactions.
Other rights of a holder of shares representing less than one unit
A holder of shares representing less than one unit have the following
rights in respect of such shares: (i) the right to receive dividends
(including interim dividends), (ii) the right to receive shares and/or cash
by way of stock split or upon consolidation or subdivision of shares or upon
a capital decrease or merger of the Company, (iii) the right to be allotted
subscription rights with respect to new shares, convertible bonds and bonds
with warrants to subscribe for shares when such rights are granted to
shareholders, (iv) the right to participate in the distribution of surplus
assets in the event of the liquidation of the Company, and (v) the right to
require the Company to issue replacement share certificates for lost, stolen
or destroyed share certificates. All other rights, including voting rights,
cannot be exercised with respect to shares representing less than one unit.
Voting rights of a holder of shares representing less than one unit
A holder of shares representing less than one unit cannot exercise any
voting rights with respect to such shares. In calculating the quorum for
various voting purposes, the aggregate number of shares representing less
than one unit will be excluded from the number of outstanding shares. A
holder of shares representing one or more whole units will have one vote for
each such share, except as stated in "Voting Rights" above.
Consolidation by operation of law of shares constituting one unit into one
share
The unit share system is intended to be an interim measure with a view
ultimately to achieve shares of a much higher denomination than at present.
On a date to be specified by separate legislation the shares comprising one
unit will be deemed to be consolidated into one share. Presently it is
unknown when the bill specifying such date will be submitted to the Japanese
parliament. If the consolidation takes place, the holder of any fractional
share constituting one-hundredth of one share or any integral multiple
thereof, which may result from such consolidation, will be registered as the
holder thereof in the register of fractional shares and the holder of any
fraction representing less than a whole hundredth of one share will be
entitled to receive a cash payment.
(c) Reporting of Substantial Shareholdings
The Securities and Exchange Law of Japan, as amended, requires any
person who has become, beneficially and solely or jointly, a holder of more
than five percent of the total issued shares of a company listed on any
Japanese stock exchange or whose shares are traded on the over-the-counter
market in Japan to file with the Minister of Finance within five business
days a report concerning such shareholdings. A similar report must also be
made in respect of any subsequent change of one percent or more in any such
holding. For this purpose, shares issuable to such person upon conversion of
convertible securities or exercise of share subscription warrants are taken
into account in determining both the number of shares held by such holder and
the issuer's total issued share capital. Copies of each such report must also
be furnished to the issuer of such shares and all Japanese stock exchanges on
which the shares are listed or (in the case of shares traded
over-the-counter) the Securities Dealers Association of Japan.
22
<PAGE> 23
Item 7. Taxation
Generally, a non-resident of Japan or a non-Japanese corporation is
subject to Japanese withholding tax on dividends paid by a Japanese
corporation. Stock splits in themselves (whether for the purpose of making a
free distribution or dividend in shares), subject as set out below, are not
subject to Japanese income tax. However, a transfer of retained earnings or
legal reserve (but not capital surplus) to stated capital (whether made in
connection with a stock split or otherwise) is treated as a dividend payment
to shareholders for Japanese tax purposes and is, in general, subject to
Japanese income tax.
Under the Income Tax Convention between the U.S. and Japan (the
"Convention"), the maximum rate of Japanese withholding tax that may be
imposed on dividends paid to a U.S. resident or corporation not having a
"permanent establishment" (as defined therein) in Japan is generally 15%.
For purposes of the Convention and the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of
1986, as amended (the "Code"), U.S. holders of ADRs will be treated as the
owners of the Common Stock underlying the American Depositary Shares
evidenced by the ADRs.
In the absence of an applicable tax treaty, convention or agreement
reducing the maximum rate of withholding tax, the rate of Japanese
withholding tax on dividends paid by Japanese corporations to non-residents
of Japan or non-Japanese corporations is 20%.
Gains derived by a non-resident of Japan or a non-Japanese corporation
from the sale of Common Stock or ADRs outside Japan, or from the sale of
Common Stock within Japan by a non-resident of Japan or by a non-Japanese
corporation not having a permanent establishment in Japan, are in general not
subject to Japanese income or corporation taxes. Japanese inheritance and
gift taxes at progressive rates may be payable by an individual who has
acquired Common Stock or ADRs as a legatee, heir or donee.
Dividends received by a U.S. holder of ADRs or Common Stock will be
includible in income for United States federal income tax purposes to the
extent paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits of the Company
as determined for United States federal income tax purposes.
Subject to limitations set out in the Code, a U.S. holder of ADRs or
Common Stock of the Company will be entitled to a credit for Japanese tax
withheld from dividends paid by the Company. For purposes of the foreign tax
credit limitation, dividends will be foreign source income, but will
constitute "passive" or "financial services" income.
Dividends paid by the Company to U.S. corporate holders of ADRs or
Common Stock will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction.
23
<PAGE> 24
Item 8. Selected Financial Data
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year ended March 31
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
(Millions of yen except per share amounts and yen exchange rates)
FOR THE YEAR
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Sales and operating revenue 3,931,602 4,001,270 3,744,285 3,990,583 4,592,565
Operating income (loss) 176,904 130,640 106,962 (166,640) 235,324
Income (loss) before
income taxes 216,139 92,561 102,162 (220,948) 138,159
Net income (loss) 120,121 36,260 15,298 (293,356) 54,252
Depreciation and
amortization* 265,208 275,671 242,458 226,984** 227,316
Capital expenditures
(additions to
fixed assets) 453,115 251,117 195,937 250,678 251,197
R&D expenses 240,591 232,150 229,877 239,164 257,326
................................................................................................................
Per Depositary Share:
Net income (loss) 293.1 92.2 42.1 (696.9) 134.0
Cash dividends declared
Interim 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00
(19.46cent) (20.34cent) (22.88cent) (24.88cent) (20.81cent)
Year-end 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00
(19.86cent) (23.09cent) (25.22cent) (29.40cent) (19.36cent)
................................................................................................................
AT YEAR-END
Net working capital 306,553 367,009 616,089 537,739 816,387
Long-term debt 885,301 880,395 983,712 906,486 1,203,592
Stockholders' equity 1,536,795 1,428,219 1,329,565 1,007,808 1,169,173
Stockholders' equity
per Depositary Share 4,119.23 3,827.39 3,557.57 2,695.31 3,125.57
Total assets 4,911,129 4,529,830 4,269,885 4,223,920 5,045,725
................................................................................................................
Number of shares outstanding in thousands:
Average 417,599 417,687 417,454 417,665 421,973
At year-end 373,078 373,158 373,728 373,911 374,068
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yen exchange rates per U.S. dollar:
At year-end 132.92 114.90 102.40 86.85 107.00
Average 132.75 123.98 107.87 99.30 96.43
High 123.20 114.90 101.10 86.85 81.12
Low 141.90 134.53 114.20 105.38 107.29
</TABLE>
* Including amortization of deferred insurance acquisition costs
** Excluding write-off of goodwill
24
<PAGE> 25
Notes to Selected Financial Data:
1. Net income (loss) per Depositary Share is computed based on the average
number of common shares outstanding during each period after consideration
of the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents.
2. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 1996, the Emerging Issues Task Force
(EITF) of FASB issued EITF No. 95-2, which the Company has applied which
required mark to market of forward exchange contracts entered into
subsequent to July 25, 1995 to hedge intercompany foreign currency
commitments which do not qualify as firm commitments. This did not have a
material impact on results of operations for the year ended March 31, 1996.
3. The consolidated results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1995 reflect
the write-off of goodwill of 265 billion yen in the Pictures Group and
losses in the Pictures Group of approximately 50 billion yen arising from a
combination of unusual items, such as abandoning a large number of projects
in development and providing for settlement of outstanding lawsuits and
contract claims.
4. Sales and operating revenue and operating income (loss) reported in
previous years have been reclassified to conform with the presentation for
the fiscal year ended March 31, 1996.
5. In November 1991, SMEJ, a consolidated subsidiary, issued shares of common
stock in a public offering to third parties at a price which was in excess
of the Company's average per share carrying value. The issuance was
regarded as a sale of a part of the Company's interest in the subsidiary
and resulted in a 61,544 million yen gain on subsidiary sale of stock. No
taxes were provided for on the gain as the Company does not anticipate any
significant tax consequences on possible future disposition of its
remaining investment based on its tax planning strategies.
6. Cash dividends declared in U.S. dollars are based on the exchange rates at
each respective payment date, using the noon buying rates for cable
transfers in yen in New York City as certified for customs purposes by the
Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
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<PAGE> 26
Item 9. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Sony's management aims to maintain a solid financial position with
ample liquidity to provide operational flexibility.
At March 31, 1996, total assets of Sony amounted to 5,045.7 billion
yen, an increase of 19.5% from the 4,223.9 billion yen recorded at the
previous fiscal year-end. The main factors contributing to this rise included
the effect of year-end exchange rates that showed a significant weakening of
the yen compared with the previous fiscal year-end; an increase in notes and
accounts receivable, trade, due mainly to higher sales; expanded inventories,
primarily in the U.S.; and a rise in investments and advances associated with
the business expansion of Sony Life Insurance.
During the year under review, the Company issued 300.0 billion yen in
unsecured convertible bonds in Japan. All the proceeds were used for the
repayment of short- and long-term borrowings, including commercial paper.
Total borrowings and debt increased 259.2 billion yen from the previous
year-end due to increases in notes and accounts receivable, trade, and
inventories as well as fluctuations in exchange rates.
Stockholders' equity rose 161.4 billion yen, to 1,169.2 billion yen.
The ratio of stockholders' equity to total assets was down, from 23.9% to
23.2%. Based on the number of shares outstanding at March 31, 1996,
stockholders' equity per Depositary Share increased to 3,125.57 yen, compared
with 2,695.31 yen at the previous year-end.
In cash flows from operating activities, depreciation and amortization
edged up 0.1%, to 227.3 billion yen. This amount includes the amortization of
goodwill and intangibles arising from the acquisition of the Sony Music
Entertainment group and Sony Pictures Entertainment as well as the
amortization of deferred insurance acquisition costs. Net cash provided by
operating activities amounted to 234.2 billion yen, up from 181.9 billion yen
in the previous fiscal year, due primarily to the recording of net income
following the net loss of the previous year.
In cash flows from investing activities, net cash used in investing
activities amounted to 371.0 billion yen, up from 277.9 billion yen in the
previous fiscal year, mainly reflecting increases in payments for investments
and advances and for purchases of fixed assets.
In cash flows from financing activities, 300.0 billion yen in unsecured
convertible bonds was issued in Japan. In addition, medium-term notes were
issued in the U.S. and Europe and in total 381.2 billion yen was raised
through the issuance of long-term debt. Due to a shift toward long-term debt,
there was a considerable decline in short-term borrowings during the year
under review. Net cash provided by financing activities was 130.5 billion
yen.
As a result of the above activities, the net decrease in cash and cash
equivalents, including the effect of exchange rate changes, amounted to 16.2
billion yen, and cash and cash equivalents at year-end totaled 459.3 billion
yen.
Capital expenditures during the year under review rose a slight 0.2%,
to 251.2 billion yen. The largest single item of expenditure was
approximately 43.0 billion yen for expanding semiconductor facilities. In the
fiscal year ending March 31, 1997, Sony intends to increase its capital
expenditures. Overseas, Sony will strengthen its manufacturing structure in
all regions through such activities as establishing manufacturing facilities
in emerging markets. In Japan, Sony will expand its manufacturing facilities
for such products as semiconductors and lithium-ion batteries.
26
<PAGE> 27
Results of Operations
As the insurance and financing business has become significant,
commencing with the fiscal year ended March 31, 1996, the business, which was
previously included in the Electronics Business, is reported separately.
Figures in the consolidated results for the fiscal years ended March 31, 1994
and 1995 have been reclassified to conform with the classification of the
fiscal year ended March 31, 1996.
(The fiscal year ended March 31, 1996 compared to the fiscal year ended March
31, 1995)
Sales and Operating Revenue
Sony's consolidated sales during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1996,
amounted to 4,592.6 billion yen, up 15.1% from the previous fiscal year.
In Electronics, sales in Video Equipment rose 5.8% from the previous
year, due to the increase in unit sales of home-use camcorders and favorable
sales performances of broadcast- and industrial-use video products including
Digital Betacam VTRs. Sales in Audio Equipment increased 0.8%. In this
category, MiniDisc system unit sales showed significant growth, particularly
in Japan. Sales in Televisions increased 12.2%, reflecting the growth in unit
sales of color TVs and strong sales of computer displays worldwide. Sales in
Other Products rose 41.4%, due to the strong sales of semiconductors,
electronic components, CD-ROM drives, and cellular phones. In addition, the
32-bit home video game system PlayStation gained popularity in Japan, the
U.S., and Europe, contributing substantially to the sales increase in Other
Products.
In Entertainment, sales in the Music Group increased 3.6% over the
previous year. Strong sales gains in international markets more than offset a
sales decline in the U.S. that resulted from the weak retail environment. The
Pictures Group sales rose 13.0%, reflecting strong box office revenues from
several hit films as well as the successful off-network syndication of a hit
comedy.
In Insurance and financing, revenues increased 66.6% from the previous
year, reflecting the expanded business operations of Sony Life Insurance Co.
Ltd.
By geographic area, sales in Japan increased 24.9%, supported by
overall sales advances in electronics products and higher sales of the 32-bit
home video game system PlayStation, as well as revenue growth in the life
insurance business. Sales in the U.S. rose 9.4%, reflecting gains in
computer-related products. In Europe, sales rose 16.4%, due to overall sales
growth of the Electronics Business as well as favorable results of the
Entertainment Business. In addition, the successful launch of the PlayStation
in the U.S. and Europe in the fiscal year contributed to sales in both areas.
Sales in Other Areas advanced 8.6%, led by expansion in Asian countries.
Sales in Japan accounted for 30.0% of the consolidated sales, with overseas
sales accounting for 70.0%, a decrease of 2.3 percentage points from the
previous year.
Impact of Foreign Exchange Trends
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 1996, overseas sales were
denominated approximately 63% in U.S. dollars, 8% in deutsche mark, 5% in
pounds sterling, and 4% in Hong Kong dollars. In total, approximately 97% of
overseas sales were denominated in foreign currencies. In terms of average
rate, the yen rose approximately 3% against both the U.S. dollar and the
pound sterling, while it fell approximately 6% against the deutsche mark. It
is estimated that consolidated sales would have been approximately 20 billion
yen higher than the reported figure if the value of the yen had remained the
same as in the previous fiscal year.
To minimize the adverse effects of foreign exchange fluctuations on its
financial results, Sony promotes the localization of its operations, from R&D
to design, materials and parts procurement, and manufacturing. During the
fiscal year ended March 31, 1996, approximately 47% of total manufacturing in
Sony's Electronics Business was conducted outside Japan, and the percentage
is expected to continue to rise in the future. Foreign exchange forward
contracts and foreign currency options are employed to hedge against foreign
exchange risks in Sony's export and import transactions. In addition,
currency swap agreements are entered into for certain foreign currency
denominated borrowings and debt.
27
<PAGE> 28
Cost of Sales, Selling, General and Administrative Expenses, and Operating
Income
The revenue and expenses of Insurance and financing were reported
separately for the first time in the fiscal year ended March 31, 1996. Such
revenue and expenses are not included in the figures in the following two
paragraphs.
Cost of sales rose 10.3% from the previous year, to 3,216.8 billion
yen, and the ratio of cost of sales to consolidated sales improved 1.9
percentage points, to 73.8%. This improvement reflects higher sales and
Companywide efforts to reduce costs. Research and development expenses
increased 7.6%, to 257.3 billion yen, but as a percentage of consolidated
sales declined 0.3 percentage point, to 5.9%.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased 8.9% from the
previous year, to 917.9 billion yen. These expenses as a percentage of
consolidated sales improved 0.9 percentage point, to 21.0%.
Insurance and financing expenses, which were reported separately, rose
67.6% from the previous year, to 222.5 billion yen, primarily due to an
increase in future insurance policy benefits reflecting the expanded
operations of Sony's life insurance business. Insurance and financing
expenses as a percentage of Insurance and financing revenue increased 0.6
percentage point, to 96.3%.
Sony posted operating income of 235.3 billion yen for the fiscal year
ended March 31, 1996, and the ratio of operating income to consolidated sales
was 5.1%. During the previous fiscal year, due to the write-off of goodwill
and additional losses in the Pictures Group, Sony posted an operating loss of
166.6 billion yen.
Other Income and Expenses
Other income declined 5.5%, to 73.3 billion yen, and other expenses
increased 29.3%, to 170.5 billion yen, due mainly to a large foreign exchange
loss, net, as opposed to a foreign exchange gain, net, in the previous year.
Foreign exchange gains and losses arise primarily when there is a difference
between the value of sales in foreign currencies converted to yen at
prevailing exchange rates and the value at settlement of foreign exchange
forward contracts used to hedge against exchange rate fluctuations. During
the fiscal year ended March 31, 1996, the exchange rates of the yen at
settlement of foreign exchange forward contracts were higher than prevailing
exchange rates, resulting in an exchange loss.
Among other income and expenses, the balance of interest and dividend
income less interest expenses resulted in net interest payments of 49.0
billion yen, a deterioration of 6.1 billion yen from the previous year, due
primarily to an increase in total borrowings and debt.
Income before Income Taxes and Net Income
Income before income taxes amounted to 138.2 billion yen, compared with
a loss before income taxes of 220.9 billion yen in the previous year. Income
taxes as a percentage of income before income taxes came to 55.8%.
Net income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1996, was 54.3 billion
yen, compared with a net loss of 293.4 billion yen in the previous year. The
ratio of net income to consolidated sales was 1.2%. Sony registered net
income per Depositary Share (each Depositary Share represents one share of
Common Stock) of 134.0 yen, compared with a net loss per Depositary Share of
696.9 yen in the previous year.
28
<PAGE> 29
Segment Information
The following discussion is based on segment information (refer to Note
18 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements) and differs from the sales
classification described in Products and Sales and Distribution in Item 1.
By industry segment, sales in the Electronics Business rose 15.6% and
operating income surged 56.7%, reflecting the increase in sales and
Companywide efforts to cut costs and expenses. Operating income as a
percentage of sales in the Electronics Business improved from 3.9% to 5.3%.
In the Entertainment Business, sales rose 7.7%. Operating income of
54.9 billion yen was posted, compared with an operating loss of 273.3 billion
yen in the previous fiscal year, which was the result of the write-off of
goodwill and additional losses in the Pictures Group. Operating income as a
percentage of sales in the Entertainment Business amounted to 6.5%. The
Pictures Group posted operating income thanks to several hit films,
successful television syndication in the U.S., management efforts to control
costs, and lower amortization charges following the previous year's write-off
of goodwill. The operating income of the Music Group declined from the
previous year due to the weak U.S. retail environment, which was not totally
offset by a strong international performance.
In Insurance and financing, revenues soared 61.7% from the previous
year and operating income climbed 40.6%. These gains were primarily the
result of a strong performance by Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. Operating
income as a percentage of revenues in Insurance and financing declined from
3.9% to 3.4%.
By geographic area, Sony's sales increased significantly in all areas.
In Japan, sales advanced 14.6%, mainly as the result of an increase in sales
in the Electronics Business, and operating income soared 94.5%. Consequently,
operating income as a percentage of sales was 4.8%, a major improvement from
2.9% in the previous year. In the U.S., due to a 13.2% increase in overall
sales as well as improved profit from Pictures Group operations, operating
income was recorded. In the previous fiscal year, a large operating loss was
posted due to the write-off of goodwill and additional losses in the Pictures
Group. In Europe, while sales climbed 16.0%, operating income rose only 3.5%
and operating income as a percentage of sales worsened from 5.9% in the
previous year to 5.3%. In Other Areas, sales rose 15.7%, operating income
increased 16.5%, and operating income as a percentage of sales improved
marginally, to 4.7%.
(The fiscal year ended March 31, 1995 compared to the fiscal year ended March
31, 1994)
Sales and Operating Revenue
Sony's consolidated sales during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1995,
amounted to 3,990.6 billion yen, a 6.6% increase from the previous year.
In Electronics, sales in Video Equipment rose 3.4% from the previous
year, thanks to the growth of broadcast- and industrial-use video products,
including Digital Betacam VTRs, and increased unit sales of home-use video
decks. Sales in Audio Equipment grew 6.9%, reflecting significant increases
of unit sales of such major products as CD players and Walkman. Sales in
Televisions increased 14.7%, led by favorable sales of color TVs and computer
displays. Sales in Other Products rose 8.9%, on the strength of
semiconductors, electronic components, telephones, and batteries. In
addition, the 32-bit home video game system PlayStation contributed to rising
sales in this category.
In Entertainment, sales in the Music Group advanced 7.2% over the
previous year despite the appreciation of the yen, due to the popularity of
many of its artists throughout the world. Sales in the Pictures Group
declined 14.1%, due to the appreciation of the yen as well as disappointing
box office results from several films released during the fiscal year.
In Insurance and financing, revenues increased 21.8% from the previous
year.
29
<PAGE> 30
By geographic area, sales in Japan increased 7.0%, supported by a
strong performance in Televisions and the introduction of the PlayStation.
Sales in Europe rose 8.7%, due to growth in overall Electronics Business
sales, led by strong sales in Televisions, and a favorable performance in the
Music Group. Sales advanced 14.4% in Other Areas, due to the continuing
exceptionally healthy expansion of Electronics Business in Asia, but fell
0.2% in the U.S., due to the appreciation of the yen and a decline in
Pictures Group sales. Sales in Japan accounted for 27.7% of consolidated
sales, with overseas sales accounting for 72.3%, an decrease of 0.1
percentage point from the previous year.
Impact of Foreign Exchange Trends
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 1995, overseas sales were
denominated approximately 61% in U.S. dollars, 8% in deutsche mark, 6% in
Singapore dollars, and 5% in pounds sterling. In total, approximately 97% of
overseas sales were denominated in foreign currencies. In terms of average
rate, the yen rose approximately 9% against the U.S. dollar, 1% against the
deutsche mark, and 5% against the pound sterling. It is estimated that
consolidated sales would have been approximately 185 billion yen higher than
the reported figure if the value of the yen had remained the same as in the
previous fiscal year. On a local currency basis, sales in the U.S. rose
approximately 12% in the Electronics Business and 15% in the Music Group and
fell 9% in the Pictures Group. On the same basis, in Europe, sales in the
Electronics Business rose approximately 13%, and those in Other Areas
increased 23%.
To minimize the adverse effects of foreign exchange fluctuations on its
financial results, Sony promotes the localization of its operations, from R&D
to design, materials and parts procurement, and manufacturing. During the
fiscal year ended March 31, 1995, approximately 42% of total manufacturing in
Sony's Electronics Business was conducted outside Japan, and the percentage
is expected to continue to rise in the future. Foreign exchange forward
contracts and foreign currency options are employed to hedge against foreign
exchange risks in Sony's export and import transactions. In addition,
currency swap agreements are entered into for certain foreign currency
denominated borrowings and debt.
Write-off of Goodwill
During the second quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 1995, Sony
decided to make an important change in its method of accounting for assessing
the carrying value of its investments in acquired businesses, including
goodwill. The effect of this accounting change was to reduce the goodwill
associated with the acquisition of Columbia Pictures Entertainment, now named
Sony Pictures Entertainment (SPE), by 265.2 billion yen.
Since Sony acquired SPE in 1989, SPE had grown to become one of the
top-tier companies in the motion picture industry, achieving top-level U.S.
box office revenues for three consecutive years until 1993. After this,
however, SPE's performance began to deteriorate, and the company recorded a
significant operating loss during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1994. In
light of Sony's substantial investment, SPE had not provided adequate
returns. In conjunction with the resignation of SPE's top management, Sony
reevaluated its investment strategy in the Pictures Group. As a result, Sony
concluded that additional funding would be necessary. Based on this decision,
Sony reevaluated its method of assessing the carrying value of its
investments in acquired businesses and wrote off a portion of goodwill in the
Pictures Group representing the unrecoverable amount of its investment. This
write-off of goodwill did not have any impact on cash flows.
Also during the second quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 1995,
additional losses amounting to approximately 50 billion yen were incurred in
the Pictures Group, arising from a combination of unusual items, such as
abandoning a large number of projects in development and providing for
settlement of outstanding lawsuits and contract claims.
30
<PAGE> 31
From the latter part of the fiscal year ended March 31, 1995, Sony has
begun rebuilding and strengthening the Pictures Group and is working to
revitalize the three core businesses in the Group: motion pictures,
television programming and distribution, and theatrical exhibition. In an
intensive effort to streamline operations and raise efficiency in its motion
picture operations, the Pictures Group has been tightening control over movie
production and overhead costs, and has integrated the distribution and
marketing divisions of its two studios to simplify its organization and
reduce costs. In addition, to create more opportunities to generate new
revenue, the Pictures Group has increased production starts while minimizing
financial risks in the film production by strengthening business alliances
with independent production companies.
Cost of Sales, Selling, General and Administrative Expenses, and Operating
Loss
The revenue and expenses of Insurance and financing are not included in
the figures in the following two paragraphs.
Cost of sales rose 5.8%, to 2,916.5 billion yen, and the ratio of cost
of sales to consolidated sales improved 0.2 percentage point, to 75.7%.
Despite additional losses in the Pictures Group, the improvement in the cost
of sales ratio was indicative of Companywide efforts to reduce costs in the
Electronics Business and a decrease in depreciation and amortization expenses
resulting from efforts to limit capital expenditures during the prior three
fiscal years. Research and development expenses rose 4.0% from the previous
year, to 239.2 billion yen, but as a percentage of consolidated sales edged
down 0.1 percentage point, to 6.2%.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased 8.2%, to 842.8
billion yen, reflecting an increase in expenses for sales promotions and
additional losses in the Pictures Group. These expenses as a percentage of
consolidated sales increased 0.4 percentage point, to 21.9%. As a result of
the write-off of goodwill in the Pictures Group (mentioned previously under
"Write-off of Goodwill"), amortization of goodwill for the Pictures Group
included in selling, general and administrative expenses declined
approximately 4.7 billion yen.
Insurance and financing expenses rose 29.7% from the previous year, to
132.8 billion yen.
Due to the write-off of goodwill and additional losses in the Pictures
Group, Sony posted an operating loss of 166.6 billion yen, compared with
operating income of 107.0 billion yen in the previous year.
Other Income and Expenses
Other income fell 28.4%, to 77.6 billion yen, due chiefly to a decline
in foreign exchange gain, net, and a decrease in interest income accompanying
lower interest rates in Japan.
Other expenses were up 16.5%, to 131.9 billion yen, reflecting an
increase in loss on disposal and sales of fixed assets accompanying the
merging and streamlining of certain manufacturing subsidiaries.
Among other income and expenses, the balance of interest and dividend
income less interest expenses resulted in net interest payments of 43.0
billion yen, a deterioration of 6.8 billion yen from the previous year.
Loss before Income Taxes and Net Loss
As a result of the aforementioned factors, Sony recorded a loss before
income taxes of 220.9 billion yen and a net loss of 293.4 billion yen,
compared with income before income taxes of 102.2 billion yen and net income
of 15.3 billion yen in the previous year. Sony registered a net loss per
Depositary Share (each Depositary Share represents one share of Common Stock)
of 696.9 yen, compared with net income per Depositary Share of 42.1 yen in
the previous year.
31
<PAGE> 32
Segment Information
The following discussion is based on segment information and differs
from the sales classification described in Products and Sales and
Distribution in Item 1.
By industry segment, sales in the Electronics Business rose 8.3% and
operating income surged 40.5%, reflecting the rise in sales and cost-cutting
efforts, including Companywide streamlining and expansion of overseas
production. Operating income as a percentage of sales in the Electronics
Business thus rose from 3.0% to 3.9%.
In the Entertainment Business, however, sales fell 1.6% and an
operating loss of 273.3 billion yen was recorded due to the write-off of
goodwill and additional losses in the Pictures Group. However, in the second
half of the fiscal year ended March 31, 1995, the Pictures Group returned to
profitability, compared with an operating loss for the same period of the
previous year. This was a result of several successful films released during
the fourth quarter, such as Legends of the Fall and Little Women, efforts to
rebuild the group's business, and decreased amortization charges following
the write-off of goodwill. Operating income in the Music Group fell below the
previous year's level due primarily to the appreciation of the yen.
In Insurance and financing, revenues increased 18.9% from the previous
year and operating income fell 48.2%. Operating income as a percentage of
revenues in Insurance and financing declined from 8.9% to 3.9%.
By geographic area, sales fell 4.0% in the U.S. due to the appreciation
of the yen and the decline in Pictures Group sales, but sales in Japan,
Europe, and Other Areas rose 14.5%, 9.5%, and 27.8%, respectively. Due to the
write-off of goodwill and additional losses recorded in the Pictures Group,
an operating loss was recorded in the U.S. However, substantial gains in
operating income of 23.9%, 18.3%, and 27.7%, respectively, were recorded in
Japan, Europe, and Other Areas, corresponding to operating income as a
percentage of net sales of 2.9%, 5.9%, and 4.6%, all higher than the previous
year's figures. The growth in sales and operating income in Japan was
attributable to an increase in the export sales of the Company resulting from
the readjustment of certain business operations related to the manufacture of
products and their export to the U.S. and Europe that had previously been
entrusted to subsidiaries in Southeast Asia. The rise in sales and operating
income in Other Areas reflected market expansion and increased production in
Asia.
Compliance with Statements of Financial Accounting Standards
In March 1995, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.121, Accounting for the
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of,
which requires that long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles
held and used be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets or intangibles
may not be recoverable. This Statement will be effective for the year
beginning April 1, 1996. However, the Company anticipates that the effect of
adoption will not be material.
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<PAGE> 33
Item 10. Directors and Officers of Registrant
On April 1, 1995, Chief Executive Officer Norio Ohga assumed the office
of Chairman of the Board and Nobuyuki Idei assumed the office of President
and Chief Operating Officer.
Set forth below are the names of the Company's Directors and Statutory
Auditors as of July 1, 1996.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Director/Statutory
Name Position Auditor since
- - ------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------- -------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Norio Ohga Chairman and 1964
Representative Director
Chief Executive Officer
Tsunao Hashimoto Vice Chairman and 1980
Representative Director
Chief Human Resources Officer
Nobuyuki Idei President and 1989
Representative Director
Chief Operating Officer
Minoru Morio Executive Deputy President and 1988
Representative Director
Chief Technology Officer
Kozo Ohsone Executive Deputy President and 1987
Representative Director
Yoshiyuki Kaneda Executive Deputy President and 1986
Representative Director
Chief Production Officer
Tamotsu Iba Executive Deputy President and 1992
Representative Director
Chief Financial Officer
Fumio Kohno Senior Managing Director 1980
Kiyoshi Yamakawa Senior Managing Director 1984
Junichi Kodera Senior Managing Director 1985
Chief Marketing Officer
Jiro Aiko Senior Managing Director 1987
Kenji Tamiya Senior Managing Director 1986
Chief Communications Officer
Masahiro Takahashi Senior Managing Director 1987
Akira Nagano Managing Director 1988
Sumio Sano Managing Director 1990
</TABLE>
33
<PAGE> 34
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
Hideo Nakamura Managing Director 1991
Suehiro Nakamura Managing Director 1992
Katsuhito Hayashi Managing Director 1993
Teruaki Aoki Managing Director 1989
Kenichi Oyama Managing Director 1993
Toshitada Doi Director 1988
Jakob J. Schmuckli Director 1989
Masayuki Takano Director 1990
Seiichi Watanabe Director 1990
Kenji Hori Director 1991
Toshiyuki Yamada Director 1992
Katsuaki Tsurushima Director 1992
Yasumasa Mizushima Director 1993
Kunitake Ando Director 1994
Masahiro Hayashi Director 1995
Masayoshi Morimoto Director 1995
Shizuo Takashino Director 1995
Takeo Eguchi Director 1995
Shigeyuki Ochi Director 1996
Toshiharu Sawada Director 1996
Akiyosi Kawashima Director 1996
Kenichi Kamiya Director 1989
Peter G. Peterson Director 1991
Nobuo Kanoi Standing Statutory Auditor 1996
Akihisa Ohnishi Standing Statutory Auditor 1993
Yoshisuke Mohri Standing Statutory Auditor 1994
Kazuaki Morita Statutory Auditor 1995
</TABLE>
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<PAGE> 35
All of the above persons, with the exception of Mr. Kenichi Kamiya,
Advisor of The Sakura Bank, Limited, Mr. Peter G. Peterson, Chairman of The
Blackstone Group, and Mr. Kazuaki Morita are engaged full-time in the affairs
of Sony.
All Directors and Statutory Auditors shall be elected by the general
meeting of shareholders. In general, the term of office of Directors shall
expire at the conclusion of the ordinary general meeting of shareholders held
with respect to the last closing of accounts within one year after their
assumption of office, and the term of office of Statutory Auditors shall
expire at the conclusion of the ordinary general meeting of shareholders held
with respect to the last closing of accounts within three years after their
assumption of office; however, they may serve any number of consecutive
terms.
The Directors constitute the Board of Directors, which has the ultimate
responsibility for administration of the Company's affairs. The Board of
Directors may elect from among its members a Chairman and Director, a Vice
Chairman and Director, and a President and Director, and one or more
Executive Deputy Presidents and Directors, Senior Managing Directors and
Managing Directors. From among the Directors the Board of Directors shall
elect one or more Representative Directors. Each of the Representative
Directors has the authority individually to represent the Company in the
conduct of its affairs.
The Statutory Auditors of the Company are not required to be and are
not certified public accountants. However, at least one of the Statutory
Auditors should be a person who has not been a director, general manager or
employee of the Company or any of its subsidiaries during the five-year
period prior to his election as a Statutory Auditor. The Statutory Auditors
may not at the same time be Directors, managers or employees of the Company.
Each Statutory Auditor has the statutory duty to examine the financial
statement and business reports to be submitted by the Board of Directors at
the general meeting of shareholders and also to supervise the administration
by the Directors of the Company's affairs. They are entitled to participate
in meetings of the Board of Directors but are not entitled to vote.
Under the Law concerning Special Measures to the Commercial Code with
respect to Audit, the Board of Statutory Auditors has a statutory duty to
prepare and submit its audit report to the Board of Directors each year. A
Statutory Auditor may note his opinion in the audit report if his opinion is
different from the opinion expressed in the audit report. The Board of
Statutory Auditors is empowered to establish audit principles, the method of
examination by Statutory Auditors of the Company's affairs and financial
position and other matters concerning the performance of the Statutory
Auditors' duties.
There is not any arrangement or understanding between a Director or a
Statutory Auditor and any other person pursuant to which he was selected as a
Director or a Statutory Auditor.
Item 11. Remuneration of Directors and Statutory Auditors
(a) The aggregate amount of remuneration, including bonuses, paid by Sony to
all Directors and Statutory Auditors of the Company as a group (44
persons) who served during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1996, was
approximately 5,269 million yen.
(b) The aggregate amount accrued for lump-sum severance indemnities by Sony
during the fiscal year for Directors of the Company totaled 860 million
yen. (See Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.)
35
<PAGE> 36
Item 12. Options to Purchase Securities from Registrant or Subsidiaries
As of September 1, 1996, the Company had granted the following
outstanding Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stocks to certain Directors
and senior executive staff members as part of their compensation.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Number of Shares Initial Issue Price per Share* Exercise Period
--------------------------------- -------------------------------- ------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Number of shares of 5,330 yen October 1, 1995 to
Common Stock having an August 31, 1999
issue price of 1 billion yen
Number of shares of 7,022 yen October 1, 1996 to
Common Stock having an August 15, 2000
issue price of 2 billion yen
</TABLE>
* Subject to antidilution adjustment
Item l3. Interest of Management in Certain Transactions
(a) None of the information which the Company is required by Japanese law or
stock exchange requirements to disclose to its shareholders or otherwise
make public with respect to the interest of management in certain
transactions relates to any material transaction required to be disclosed
by this item.
(b) None.
PART II
Item 14. Description of Securities to be Registered
Not applicable.
PART III
Item 15. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item l6. Changes in Securities and Changes in Security for Registered
Securities
(a) None.
(b) None.
(c) None.
(d) None.
36
<PAGE> 37
PART IV
Item l7. Financial Statements
Not applicable.
Item 18. Financial Statements
See Financial Statements.
Item 19. Financial Statements and Exhibits
(a) Financial Statements
See accompanying index to Consolidated Financial Statements.
(b) Exhibits
None.
37
<PAGE> 38
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, the registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for
filing on Form 20-F and has duly caused this annual report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
SONY CORPORATION
(Registrant)
/s/ SUMIO SANO
BY ---------------------
Sumio Sano
Managing Director
September 25, 1996
Date ---------------------
38
<PAGE> 39
S O N Y C O R P O R A T I O N
AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 1996
<PAGE> 40
SONY CORPORATION
AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Page
----
Report of independent accountants F- 2
Consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 1995 and 1996 F- 3
Consolidated statements of income and retained earnings
for the years ended March 31, 1994, 1995 and 1996 F- 5
Consolidated statements of cash flows
for the years ended March 31, 1994, 1995 and 1996 F- 7
Notes to consolidated financial statements F-10
Financial statement schedule
for the years ended March 31, 1994, 1995 and 1996
II - Valuation and qualifying accounts F-42
All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the required
information is shown in the financial statements or the notes thereto.
Financial statements of majority-owned subsidiaries of the registrant not
consolidated and of 50% or less owned persons accounted for by the equity method
have been omitted because the registrant's proportionate share of the income
from continuing operations before income taxes, and total assets of each such
company is less than 20% of the respective consolidated amounts, and the
investment in and advances to each company is less than 20% of consolidated
total assets.
F-1
<PAGE> 41
Report of Independent Accountants
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of
Sony Corporation (Sony Kabushiki Kaisha)
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the accompanying
index present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Sony
Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries at March 31, 1995 and 1996, and
the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years
in the period ended March 31, 1996, in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements
are the responsibility of the company's management; our responsibility is to
express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We
conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with generally accepted
auditing standards which require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our
audits provide a reasonable basis for the opinion expressed above.
As discussed in Notes 2 and 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the
company changed its methods of accounting for assessing the carrying values of
its investments in acquired businesses including goodwill and for investments in
debt and equity securities in the year ended March 31, 1995.
/s/ PRICE WATERHOUSE
- - ----------------------
Price Waterhouse
May 10, 1996
Tokyo, Japan
F-2
<PAGE> 42
S O N Y C O R P O R A T I O N
AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
ASSETS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Yen in millions
----------------------------
March 31
----------------------------
1995 1996
---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C>
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents 475,555 459,339
Time deposits 16,173 32,605
Marketable securities 66,617 28,420
Notes and accounts receivable, trade 675,111 923,566
Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns (48,185) (68,763)
Inventories 723,383 856,638
Deferred income taxes 77,883 83,291
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 160,161 208,891
---------- ----------
Total current assets 2,146,698 2,523,987
---------- ----------
Noncurrent inventories-film 141,651 186,007
---------- ----------
Investments and advances:
Affiliated companies 39,313 40,470
Securities investments and other 445,539 640,182
---------- ----------
484,852 680,652
---------- ----------
Property, plant and equipment:
Land 153,347 164,563
Buildings 638,282 714,419
Machinery and equipment 1,481,053 1,618,612
Construction in progress 65,312 78,078
---------- ----------
2,337,994 2,575,672
Less-Accumulated depreciation 1,308,693 1,454,913
---------- ----------
1,029,301 1,120,759
---------- ----------
Other assets:
Intangibles 82,555 104,733
Goodwill 121,383 148,729
Deferred insurance acquisition costs 79,716 112,820
Other 137,764 168,038
---------- ----------
421,418 534,320
---------- ----------
4,223,920 5,045,725
========== ==========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
F-3
<PAGE> 43
S O N Y C O R P O R A T I O N
AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Yen in millions
----------------------------
March 31
----------------------------
1995 1996
---------- -----------
<S> <C> <C>
Current liabilities:
Short-term borrowings 408,943 292,396
Current portion of long-term debt 55,204 133,863
Notes and accounts payable, trade 543,461 565,044
Accounts payable, other and accrued expenses 342,803 418,612
Dividends payable 9,539 9,467
Accrued income and other taxes 73,686 74,029
Other 175,323 214,189
---------- ----------
Total current liabilities 1,608,959 1,707,600
---------- ----------
Long-term liabilities:
Long-term debt 906,486 1,203,592
Accrued pension and severance costs 109,888 123,959
Deferred income taxes 125,448 160,398
Future insurance policy benefits and other 273,093 447,316
Other 93,098 126,233
---------- ----------
1,508,013 2,061,498
---------- ----------
Minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries 99,140 107,454
---------- ----------
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, 50 yen par value-
Authorized: 1,350,000,000 shares
Issued: 1995 - 373,911,490 shares 299,589
1996 - 374,067,706 shares 299,885
Additional paid-in capital 441,241 441,735
Legal reserve 27,620 31,380
Unrealized gain on securities 64,972 81,333
Retained earnings 585,553 617,343
Cumulative translation adjustment (411,167) (302,503)
---------- ----------
1,007,808 1,169,173
---------- ----------
Commitments and contingent liabilities
4,223,920 5,045,725
========== ==========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
F-4
<PAGE> 44
S O N Y C O R P O R A T I O N
AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND RETAINED EARNINGS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Yen in millions
---------------------------------------------
Year ended March 31
---------------------------------------------
1994 1995 1996
---------- ---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Sales and operating revenue:
Net sales 3,609,873 3,826,693 4,339,411
Insurance and financing revenue 113,881 138,747 231,198
Other operating revenue 20,531 25,143 21,956
---------- ---------- ----------
3,744,285 3,990,583 4,592,565
---------- ---------- ----------
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales 2,755,840 2,916,475 3,216,806
Selling, general and administrative 779,085 842,783 917,887
Insurance and financing expenses 102,398 132,798 222,548
Goodwill write-off -- 265,167 --
---------- ---------- ----------
3,637,323 4,157,223 4,357,241
---------- ---------- ----------
Operating income (loss) 106,962 (166,640) 235,324
---------- ---------- ----------
Other income:
Interest and dividends 28,568 22,362 18,053
Foreign exchange gain, net 35,435 22,789 --
Other 44,368 32,417 55,253
---------- ---------- ----------
108,371 77,568 73,306
---------- ---------- ----------
Other expenses:
Interest 64,734 65,354 67,095
Foreign exchange loss, net -- -- 25,580
Other 48,437 66,522 77,796
---------- ---------- ----------
113,171 131,876 170,471
---------- ---------- ----------
Income (loss) before income taxes 102,162 (220,948) 138,159
---------- ---------- ----------
Income taxes:
Current 59,869 84,108 72,088
Deferred 18,743 (18,935) 5,070
---------- ---------- ----------
78,612 65,173 77,158
---------- ---------- ----------
Income (loss) before minority interest 23,550 (286,121) 61,001
Minority interest in consolidated
subsidiaries 8,252 7,235 6,749
---------- ---------- ----------
Net income (loss) 15,298 (293,356) 54,252
========== ========== ==========
</TABLE>
(Continued on following page)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
F-5
<PAGE> 45
S O N Y C O R P O R A T I O N
AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND RETAINED EARNINGS
(Continued)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Yen in millions
----------------------------------------
Year ended March 31
----------------------------------------
1994 1995 1996
--------- ------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net income (loss) (from preceding page) 15,298 (293,356) 54,252
Retained earnings:
Balance, beginning of year 907,454 901,847 585,553
Common stock issue costs, net of tax (11) (8) (2)
Cash dividends (18,673) (18,692) (18,700)
Transfer to legal reserve (2,221) (4,238) (3,760)
-------- -------- --------
Balance, end of year 901,847 585,553 617,343
======== ======== ========
Yen
----------------------------------------
Per common share:
Net income (loss) 42.1 (696.9) 134.0
Cash dividends 50.0 50.0 50.0
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
F-6
<PAGE> 46
S O N Y C O R P O R A T I O N
AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Yen in millions
---------------------------------------
Year ended March 31
---------------------------------------
1994 1995 1996
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss) 15,298 (293,356) 54,252
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss)
to net cash provided by operating activities-
Depreciation and amortization,
including amortization of deferred
insurance acquisition costs 242,458 226,984 227,316
Goodwill write-off -- 265,167 --
Accrual for pension and severance costs,
less payments 11,566 15,364 9,604
Loss on disposal of fixed assets 3,758 17,838 9,429
Deferred income taxes 18,743 (18,935) 5,070
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Increase in notes and accounts receivable (2,849) (116,093) (150,158)
(Increase) decrease in inventories 13,019 (86,740) (69,157)
Increase in other current assets (11,151) (4,385) (32,117)
Increase (decrease) in notes
and accounts payable 5,804 56,112 (4,169)
Increase (decrease) in accrued income
and other taxes (18,051) 10,528 (6,064)
Increase in other current liabilities 29,042 57,309 54,438
Increase in future insurance policy benefits
and other 54,002 76,100 174,223
Other (23,828) (23,954) (38,490)
-------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by operating activities 337,811 181,939 234,177
======== ======== ========
</TABLE>
(Continued on following page)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
F-7
<PAGE> 47
S O N Y C O R P O R A T I O N
AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Yen in millions
---------------------------------------
Year ended March 31
---------------------------------------
1994 1995 1996
------- ------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Cash flows from investing activities:
Payments for purchases of fixed assets (198,132) (222,861) (250,157)
Proceeds from sales of fixed assets 8,931 6,637 22,823
Payments for investments and advances (387,876) (326,684) (490,330)
Proceeds from sales of investment
securities and collections of advances 346,835 273,919 313,769
Payments for purchases of marketable
securities (64,316) (115,244) (54,964)
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities 55,990 81,432 101,913
(Increase) decrease in time deposits 20,840 27,595 (12,359)
Other 1,398 (2,727) (1,694)
-------- -------- --------
Net cash used in investing activities (216,330) (277,933) (370,999)
======== ======== ========
</TABLE>
(Continued on following page)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
F-8
<PAGE> 48
S O N Y C O R P O R A T I O N
AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Yen in millions
----------------------------------------
Year ended March 31
----------------------------------------
1994 1995 1996
--------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt 287,389 29,853 381,239
Payments of long-term debt (193,867) (69,039) (87,500)
Increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings (193,970) 153,515 (145,527)
Dividends paid (18,641) (18,681) (18,772)
Other 105 (2,595) 1,037
-------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by (used in)
financing activities (118,984) 93,053 130,477
-------- -------- --------
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
and cash equivalents (7,503) (5,735) (9,871)
-------- -------- --------
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (5,006) (8,676) (16,216)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning
of year 489,237 484,231 475,555
-------- -------- --------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 484,231 475,555 459,339
======== ======== ========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
F-9
<PAGE> 49
S O N Y C O R P O R A T I O N
AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Nature of operations:
The company is engaged in the development, manufacture and sale of various kinds
of electronic equipment, instruments and devices. The company's principal
manufacturing facilities are located in Japan, the United States, Europe, and
Asia, and its products are marketed by sales subsidiaries and unaffiliated local
distributors throughout the world. The company is also engaged worldwide in the
development, production, manufacture and distribution of recorded music, in all
commercial formats and musical genres, and image-based software, including film,
video, television and new entertainment technologies. Further, the company is
engaged in insurance and financing activities. These activities are carried on
principally through a Japanese stock life insurance subsidiary and also a
Japanese financing subsidiary.
2. Summary of significant accounting policies:
The parent company and its subsidiaries in Japan maintain their records and
prepare their financial statements in accordance with accounting principles
generally accepted in Japan while its foreign subsidiaries maintain their
records and prepare their financial statements in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the countries of their domicile. Certain
adjustments and reclassifications, including those relating to the tax effects
of temporary differences, capitalization of stock purchase warrants, deferral of
insurance acquisition costs, the accrual of certain expenses and the accounting
for foreign currency translation, have been incorporated in the accompanying
consolidated financial statements to conform with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America ( U.S. GAAP ). These
adjustments were not recorded in the statutory books of account.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires
management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of
assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at
the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and
expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those
estimates.
F-10
<PAGE> 50
Significant accounting policies are as follows:
Basis of consolidation and accounting for
investments in affiliated companies -
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the parent company
and those of its majority-owned subsidiary companies. All significant
intercompany transactions and accounts are eliminated. Investments in 20% to 50%
owned companies are stated at cost plus equity in undistributed earnings;
consolidated net income (loss) includes the company's equity in current earnings
(loss) of such companies, after elimination of unrealized intercompany profits.
On occasion, a subsidiary or affiliated company accounted for by the equity
method may issue its shares to third parties as either a public offering or upon
conversion of convertible debt to common stock at amounts per share in excess of
or less than the company's average per share carrying value. With respect to
such transactions, the resulting gains or losses arising from change in interest
are recorded in income for the year the change in interest transaction occurs.
The excess of the cost over the underlying net equity of investments in
subsidiaries and affiliated companies accounted for on an equity basis is
allocated to identifiable assets based on fair values at the date of
acquisition. The unassigned residual value of the excess of the cost over the
underlying net equity is recognized as goodwill.
During the year ended March 31, 1995, the company changed its method of
accounting for assessing the carrying value of its investments in acquired
businesses including goodwill (see Note 3).
Translation of foreign currencies -
All asset and liability accounts of foreign subsidiaries and affiliates are
translated into Japanese yen at appropriate year-end current rates and all
income and expense accounts are translated at rates that approximate those rates
prevailing at the time of the transactions. The resulting translation
adjustments are accumulated as a component of stockholders' equity.
Foreign currency receivables and payables are translated at appropriate year-end
current rates and the resulting translation gains or losses are taken into
income currently.
F-11
<PAGE> 51
Revenue recognition -
Revenues from electronics sales and music are recognized when products are
shipped to customers.
Motion picture revenue is recognized beginning on the date of theatrical
exhibition. Revenue from television licensing agreements is recognized when the
motion picture or television series first becomes available for telecast.
Revenue from home videocassette sales is generally recognized on the date of
shipment.
Insurance premiums are reported as earned when due and paid. Benefits and
expenses are associated with earned insurance premiums so as to result in the
recognition of profits over the life of the contracts. This association is
accomplished through a provision for liabilities for future benefits and
amortization of acquisition costs.
Cash and cash equivalents -
Cash and cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments, generally with
original maturities of three months or less, that are readily convertible to
known amounts of cash and are so near maturity that they present insignificant
risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.
Debt and equity securities -
Unrealized gains and losses on debt securities and equity securities classified
as available-for-sale, whose fair values are readily determinable, are reported
in a separate component of stockholders' equity, net of tax. Debt securities
that are expected to be held to maturity are reported at amortized cost.
Inventories -
Inventories in electronics and music entertainment are valued at cost, not in
excess of market, cost being determined on the "average cost" basis except for
the cost of finished products carried by certain subsidiary companies which is
determined on the "first-in, first-out" basis.
Film costs include production, print, certain advertising costs and allocated
overhead. Film costs are amortized in the proportion that revenue for a period
relates to management's estimate of ultimate revenues. Unamortized film costs
are compared with estimated net realizable value on an individual film basis and
write-downs are recorded when indicated. Film costs for motion pictures and
television programs that are expected to be amortized against revenues from
primary markets are classified as
F-12
<PAGE> 52
current assets. Primary markets for motion pictures include theatrical, home
videocassette and pay television. Primary markets for television programs
include network and first-run syndication. All other film costs are classified
as noncurrent.
Property, plant and equipment and depreciation -
Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation of property, plant
and equipment is computed on the declining-balance method for the parent company
and Japanese subsidiaries and on the straight-line method for foreign subsidiary
companies at rates based on estimated useful lives of the assets according to
general class, type of construction and use. Significant renewals and additions
are capitalized at cost. Maintenance and repairs and minor renewals and
betterments are charged to income as incurred.
Intangibles and goodwill -
Intangibles, which mainly consist of artist contracts and music catalogs, are
being amortized on a straight-line basis principally over 16 years and 21 years,
respectively.
Goodwill recognized in acquisitions accounted for as purchases is being
amortized on a straight-line basis principally over a 40-year period.
Deferred insurance acquisition costs -
Costs that vary with and are primarily related to acquiring new insurance
policies are deferred and are being amortized mainly over the premium-paying
period of the related insurance policies using assumptions consistent with those
used in computing policy reserves.
Liability for insurance future policy benefits -
Liability for insurance future policy benefits is computed based on actuarial
assumptions.
F-13
<PAGE> 53
Accounting for the impairment of long-lived assets -
In March 1995, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement
of Financial Accounting Standards No.121, Accounting for the Impairment of
Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of, which requires
that long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles held and used be
reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate
that the carrying amount of the assets or intangibles may not be recoverable.
This Statement will be effective for the year beginning April 1, 1996. However,
the company anticipates that the effect of adoption will not be material.
Income taxes -
The provision for income taxes is computed based on the pretax income (loss)
included in the consolidated statements of income. The asset and liability
approach is used to recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the
expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying
amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities.
Derivative financial instruments -
Derivative financial instruments are used in the company's risk management of
foreign currency and interest rate risk exposures of its financial assets and
liabilities. Gains and losses on derivative financial instruments qualified as
hedges to manage existing financial assets and liabilities are deferred and
effectively offset gains and losses arising from the related assets and
liabilities. Others used for hedging purposes but not qualifying for hedge
accounting under U.S. GAAP are marked to market.
In July 1995, the Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) of the FASB reached a
consensus with regard to EITF Issue No.95-2, Determination of What Constitutes a
Firm Commitment for Foreign Currency Transactions Not Involving a Third Party.
EITF No.95-2 requires companies to mark to market forward exchange contracts to
hedge intercompany foreign currency commitments which do not qualify as firm
commitments as defined by such consensus. Accordingly, the company has applied
the provisions of EITF No.95-2 effective as of the second quarter of the year
ended March 31,1996. Previously, gains or losses on those forward exchange
contracts to hedge intercompany foreign currency commitments have been deferred
in accordance with FAS 52 and EITF No.91-1. The application of the provisions of
EITF No.95-2 did not have a material impact on the results of operations for the
year ended March 31,1996.
F-14
<PAGE> 54
Net income (loss) per common share -
Net income (loss) per common share is computed based on the average number of
shares of common stock outstanding during each period after consideration of the
dilutive effect of common stock equivalents which include warrants and certain
convertible bonds. Net income (loss) per common share is appropriately adjusted
for any free distributions of common stock.
Distribution of common stock -
On occasion, the company may make a free distribution of common stock which is
accounted for either by a transfer of the applicable par value from the
additional paid-in capital to the common stock account or with no entry if free
shares are distributed from the portion of previously issued shares accounted
for as excess of par value in the common stock account. Under the Japanese
Commercial Code, a stock dividend can be effected by an appropriation of
retained earnings to the common stock account by resolution of the general
stockholders' meeting and the free share distribution with respect to the amount
as appropriated by resolution of the Board of Directors' Meeting.
Common stock issue costs -
Common stock issue costs are directly charged to retained earnings, net of tax,
in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as the Japanese Commercial
Code prohibits charging such stock issue costs to capital accounts which is the
prevailing practice in the United States of America.
Reclassifications -
Certain reclassifications of the financial statements and related footnote
amounts in the years ended March 31, 1994 and 1995 have been made to conform
with the presentation in the year ended March 31, 1996.
3. Investments in acquired businesses including goodwill:
During the second quarter of the year ended March 31, 1995, the company changed
its method of accounting for assessing the carrying value of its investments in
acquired businesses including goodwill. Previously, the company assessed the
carrying value of its investments in acquired businesses including goodwill on
the basis of projections of undiscounted future operating cash flows plus an
amount for an anticipated residual value.
F-15
<PAGE> 55
The effect of this accounting change was to reduce the goodwill of the
Entertainment segment associated with the Pictures Group by 265,167 million yen.
This new accounting methodology was also applied to unrelated acquisitions and
it was determined that the book value of these investments was recoverable from
future operating cash flows of those businesses over the forecast period.
Accordingly, no additional write-offs were necessary.
Since its acquisition in November 1989, there had been slower than expected
growth of the businesses of the Pictures Group, higher than expected levels of
operating costs and expenses and higher than anticipated capital investment
requirements. The deterioration experienced in the year ended March 31, 1994
gave rise to a thorough internal review. Similar results experienced in the
first half of the year ended March 31, 1995, together with the resignation of
the Pictures Group top management, caused the company to conclude that
additional funding would be needed to attain acceptable levels of profitability.
In light of the level of investments and likelihood of additional funding
requirements, the company determined in the second quarter of the year ended
March 31, 1995 that a discounted cash flows method provided a preferable
measurement of the recoverability of its investments in acquired businesses
because this method recognizes the effect of the cost of capital. The discounted
future results of the Pictures Group, based on the company's forecasts, were not
sufficient to justify the carrying value as of the end of the second quarter of
the year ended March 31, 1995.
In formulating the financial forecasts, the company considered historical
performance and the medium-term plans as well as the longer-term economic
outlook. These forecasts took into consideration market conditions during the
second quarter of the year ended March 31, 1995 as well as foreseeable
opportunities for future growth in existing lines of business. Although the
company believed it could fund the Pictures Group over the entire forecast
period, it had not determined whether additional investments would be made in
areas other than the existing lines of business.
The operating cash flows were based upon the short-term plans in effect in the
second quarter of the year ended March 31, 1995 that called for a substantial
improvement in earnings through recovered market share and cost reductions. For
the longer term, it was assumed that the low levels of inflation then existing
would continue and that the industry would grow at a slightly better rate than
the economy as a whole. At the end of the forecast period a residual was
included based on an appropriate multiple of the final year's results.
The company believes that the forecast results, based on the historical
financial trends and market conditions during the second quarter of the year
ended March 31, 1995, were the best estimate of the company's future
performance.
F-16
<PAGE> 56
In arriving at the discounted net present value, the company used a discount
rate of 9% reflecting its weighted average cost of funds, including a factor for
equity allocated to the Pictures Group, commensurate with the risk associated
with that business as indicated by reference to comparable industry statistics.
Over the entire forecast period, after giving effect to significant additional
investment required to complete the investment program contemplated during the
second quarter of the year ended March 31, 1995, the company forecast total
operating cash flows of 4,166,374 million yen. Based on such forecasts, the
cumulative results of the Pictures Group's operating cash flows on a discounted
net present value basis of 309,005 million yen as of September 30, 1994 were
insufficient to recover a significant portion of the investment. The amount of
the resultant shortfall reduced the goodwill balance arising from the Pictures
Group to 85,197 million yen as of September 30, 1994.
The changes in the company's goodwill during the years ended March 31, 1995 and
1996, are summarized as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Yen in
millions
--------
<S> <C>
Balance at March 31, 1994 424,482
Amortization of goodwill (8,037)
Goodwill write-off (265,167)
Translation adjustment and other (29,895)
-------
Balance at March 31, 1995 121,383
Amortization of goodwill (5,145)
Translation adjustment and other 32,491
-------
Balance at March 31, 1996 148,729
=======
</TABLE>
4. Accumulated amortization of intangibles and goodwill:
Accumulated amortization of intangibles and goodwill, excluding the goodwill
write-off described in Note 3, amounted to 117,149 million yen and 151,131
million yen at March 31, 1995 and 1996, respectively.
F-17
<PAGE> 57
5. Cash flow information:
Cash payments during the year-
Cash payments for income taxes were 77,535 million yen, 80,499 million yen and
88,565 million yen for the years ended March 31, 1994, 1995 and 1996,
respectively; in these respective years, interest payments were 67,828 million
yen, 70,464 million yen and 69,882 million yen.
Noncash investing and financing activities-
Capital lease obligations of 1,971 million yen, 6,557 million yen and 9,563
million yen were incurred during the years ended March 31, 1994, 1995 and 1996,
respectively.
Conversions of convertible debt into common stock and additional paid-in capital
were 2,435 million yen, 791 million yen and 680 million yen for the years ended
March 31, 1994, 1995 and 1996, respectively.
6. Inventories:
Inventories comprise the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Yen in millions
---------------------
March 31
---------------------
1995 1996
------- -------
<S> <C> <C>
Current:
Finished products 451,575 521,826
Work in process 109,615 121,035
Raw materials, purchased components and supplies 112,204 135,411
Film - released 37,649 52,761
- in process 12,340 25,605
------- -------
723,383 856,638
======= =======
Noncurrent:
Film - released 85,720 115,796
- in process 55,931 70,211
------- -------
141,651 186,007
======= =======
</TABLE>
F-18
<PAGE> 58
7. Account balances and transactions with affiliated companies:
Account balances and transactions with affiliated companies are presented below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Yen in millions
-----------------
March 31
-----------------
1995 1996
------ ------
<S> <C> <C>
Accounts receivable, trade 31,240 25,890
====== ======
Accounts payable, trade 464 425
====== ======
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Yen in millions
-----------------------------------
Year ended March 31
-----------------------------------
1994 1995 1996
------- ------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Sales 209,525 226,237 123,623
======= ======= =======
Purchases 1,853 3,338 2,647
======= ======= =======
</TABLE>
Dividends from affiliated companies accounted for by the equity method for the
years ended March 31, 1994, 1995 and 1996 were 10,435 million yen, 4,721 million
yen and 6,639 million yen, respectively.
F-19
<PAGE> 59
8. Marketable securities and securities investments:
Marketable securities and securities investments and other include debt and
equity securities of which the aggregate fair value, gross unrealized gains and
losses and cost pertaining to available-for-sale securities are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Yen in millions
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
March 31, 1995 March 31, 1996
--------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
Gross Gross Gross Gross
unrealized unrealized Fair unrealized unrealized Fair
Cost gains losses value Cost gains losses value
------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------- -------- ------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Available-for-sale:
Debt
securities 241,430 4,995 1,365 245,060 341,554 11,592 2,149 350,997
Equity
securities 65,097 130,765 906 194,956 49,842 158,279 1,006 207,115
------- ------- ----- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total 306,527 135,760 2,271 440,016 391,396 169,871 3,155 558,112
======= ======= ===== ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
</TABLE>
At March 31, 1996, debt securities mainly consist of Japanese government and
municipal bonds and corporate debt securities due within 1 to 15 years.
During the years ended March 31, 1995 and 1996, the net unrealized gains on
available-for-sale securities included in the separate component of
stockholders' equity, net of applicable taxes, decreased by 8,028 million yen
and increased by 16,361 million yen, respectively.
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities on a specifically
identified average cost basis were 315,619 million yen, 299,727 million yen and
397,774 million yen for the years ended March 31, 1994, 1995 and 1996,
respectively. On those sales, gross realized gains were 6,326 million yen, 3,440
million yen and 14,605 million yen and gross realized losses were 278 million
yen, 1,863 million yen and 7,734 million yen, respectively.
The net change in unrealized gain or loss on trading securities that has been
included in earnings during the years ended March 31, 1994, 1995 and 1996 was
insignificant.
F-20
<PAGE> 60
In the ordinary course of business, the company maintains long-term investment
securities, included in securities investments and other, issued by a number of
nonpublic companies. The aggregate carrying amounts of the investments in
nonpublic companies were 12,653 million yen, 21,659 million yen and 20,554
million yen at March 31, 1994, 1995 and 1996, respectively. The corresponding
fair values at those dates were not computed as such estimation was not readily
determinable.
9. Short-term borrowings and long-term debt:
Short-term borrowings at March 31, 1996 comprise the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Yen in
millions
--------
<S> <C>
Loans, principally from banks, with interest
ranging from 0.67% to 11.50% per annum 142,310
Commercial paper with interest ranging from
5.18% to 5.50% per annum 150,086
--------
292,396
========
</TABLE>
As at March 31, 1996, the company had unused lines of credit amounting to
789,070 million yen of which 272,614 million yen related to commercial paper
programs and 108,929 million yen related to medium term notes. Under these
programs, the company is authorized to obtain short-term financing at prevailing
interest rates for periods not in excess of 360 days.
F-21
<PAGE> 61
Long-term debt at March 31, 1996 comprises the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Yen in
millions
--------
<S> <C>
Unsecured loans, representing obligations principally to banks, due 1996 to
2012 with interest ranging from 0.76% to 10.13% per annum 189,777
Secured loans, representing obligations principally to insurance companies and
banks, due 1996 to 2000 with interest ranging from 9.2% to 19.0% per annum 3,350
Medium-term notes of consolidated subsidiaries due 1996 to 2006 with
interest ranging from 3.23% to 8.04% per annum 234,014
Unsecured 6.0% convertible debentures due 1997, convertible currently
at 3,200.2 yen for one common share, redeemable before due date 12
Unsecured 2.0% convertible bonds due 2000, convertible currently at 4,159.9 yen
for one common share, redeemable before due date 418
Unsecured 0.15% convertible bonds due 2001, convertible currently at 6,519 yen
for one common share, redeemable before due date 300,000
Unsecured 1.5% convertible bonds due 2002, convertible currently at 4,387.9 yen
for one common share, redeemable before due date 1,603
Unsecured 1.4% convertible bonds due 2003, convertible currently at 5,415.5 yen
for one common share, redeemable before due date 31,740
Unsecured 1.4% convertible bonds due 2005, convertible currently at 7,990.9 yen
for one common share, redeemable before due date 298,595
Unsecured 0.125% convertible bonds of a consolidated subsidiary, due
1998, convertible currently at 1,815 yen for one common share 331
Unsecured 0.1% bonds, due 1999 with detachable warrants 1,000
Unsecured 6.875% bonds due 2000 50,315
Unsecured 4.4% bonds due 2001 80,000
Unsecured 1.95% bonds of a consolidated subsidiary, due 1998 15,000
Unsecured 2.55% notes of a consolidated subsidiary, due 2000 5,000
Unsecured 9-7/8% senior subordinated notes of a consolidated subsidiary, due
1998 33,823
Unsecured Nikkei-linked coupon notes of a consolidated subsidiary, due 1997 5,679
Unsecured 6.0% notes of a consolidated subsidiary, due 1997 10,768
Unsecured floating rate notes of a consolidated subsidiary, due 1997 12,709
Unsecured floating rate notes of a consolidated subsidiary, due 1996 16,656
Unsecured fixed coupon notes linked to the Yen/U.S. dollar rate of a consolidated
subsidiary, due 2001 691
Unsecured 5.7% notes of a consolidated subsidiary, due 1997, redeemable before
due date 4,254
Unsecured 7-1/2% bonds of a consolidated subsidiary, due 1996 1,889
Secured 5.3% bonds of a consolidated subsidiary, due 1996, redeemable before
due date 1,000
Secured 3.8% bonds of a consolidated subsidiary, due 2001, redeemable before
due date 3,000
Long-term capital lease obligations, 1.15% to 19.00% per annum, due 1996 to 2007 29,569
Guarantee deposits received 6,262
---------
1,337,455
Less - Portion due within one year 133,863
---------
1,203,592
=========
</TABLE>
F-22
<PAGE> 62
On September 1, 1995, the company issued 1 billion yen of 0.1% bonds, with
detachable warrants. One warrant entitles the holders to subscribe 2 million yen
for shares of common stock of the company at 5,330 yen per share (subject to
adjustment in certain circumstances). Upon issuance of the bonds, the company
bought all of these warrants and distributed such instruments at fair market
value to the directors of the company as a part of their directors'
remuneration. At March 31, 1996, 500 warrants were outstanding and will expire
on August 31, 1999.
On February 26, 1996, the company issued 300 billion yen of 0.15% convertible
bonds due 2001, which may be converted into shares of common stock of the
company, at the option of the holder thereof, at any time. The conversion price
is subject to adjustment in certain circumstances.
At March 31, 1996, 89,915 thousand shares of common stock would be issued upon
conversion or exercise of all convertible debentures and warrants outstanding.
At March 31, 1996, property, plant and equipment with a book value of 4,415
million yen is mortgaged as security for loans and bonds issued by consolidated
subsidiaries.
Aggregate amounts of annual maturities of long-term debt during the next five
years are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year ending
March 31 Yen in millions
----------- ---------------
<S> <C>
1997 133,863
1998 189,055
1999 86,252
2000 83,350
2001 352,942
</TABLE>
The basic agreements with certain banks in Japan include provisions that
collateral (including sums on deposit with such banks) or guarantors will be
furnished upon the banks' request and that any collateral furnished, pursuant to
such agreements or otherwise, will be applicable to all present or future
indebtedness to such banks.
10. Insurance-related operations:
The company's stock life insurance subsidiary maintains accounting records as
noted in Note 2 in accordance with the accounting principles and practices
prescribed by the Japanese Ministry of Finance ( the "MOF" ), which vary in some
respects from U.S. GAAP. Those differences are mainly:
F-23
<PAGE> 63
that insurance acquisition costs are deferred and amortized generally over the
premium-paying period of the insurance policies, that future policy benefits
calculated locally under the authorization of the MOF are comprehensively
adjusted to a net level premium method with certain adjustments of actuarial
assumptions and that deferred income taxes are not recognized under local
accounting practices. For purposes of preparing the consolidated financial
statements, appropriate adjustments have been made to reflect such items in
accordance with U.S. GAAP.
The amounts of statutory net equity and accumulated deficit as of March 31, 1996
were 12,624 million yen and 9,376 million yen, respectively. Movements in these
respective amounts were negligible compared with the previous year.
Deferred insurance acquisition costs-
Insurance acquisition costs to be deferred, such as commission expenses, medical
examination and inspection report fees, etc., vary with and are primarily
related to acquiring new insurance policies and are amortized mainly over the
premium-paying period of the related insurance policies using assumptions
consistent with those used in computing policy reserves. Amortization charged to
income for the years ended March 31, 1994, 1995 and 1996 amounted to 3,332
million yen, 7,148 million yen and 9,694 million yen, respectively.
Future insurance policy benefits-
Liabilities for future policy benefits are established in amounts adequate to
meet the estimated future obligations of policies in force. These liabilities
are computed by the net level premium method based upon estimates as to future
investment yield, mortality and withdrawals. Future policy benefits are computed
using interest rates ranging from approximately 3.5% to 6.25%, generally graded
down after 10 to 20 years. Mortality, morbidity and withdrawal assumptions for
all policies are based on either the life insurance subsidiary's own experience
or various actuarial tables. At March 31, 1995 and 1996, future insurance policy
benefits amounted to 251,599 million yen and 392,119 million yen, respectively.
11. Financial instruments:
The company has certain financial instruments including financial assets and
liabilities and off-balance-sheet financial instruments incurred in the normal
course of business. In applying a consistent risk management strategy, the
company manages its exposure to market rate movements of its financial assets
and liabilities through the use of derivative financial instruments which
include currency forward exchange and option contracts and interest rate
currency swap agreements
F-24
<PAGE> 64
designated as hedges. These instruments are executed with creditworthy financial
institutions, and virtually all foreign currency contracts are denominated in
U.S. dollars, Deutsche Mark and other currencies of major industrialized
countries. Although the company may be exposed to losses in the event of
nonperformance by counterparties or interest and currency rate movements, it
does not anticipate significant losses due to the nature of its counterparties
or the hedging arrangements.
Following are explanatory notes regarding the financial assets and liabilities
and off-balance-sheet financial instruments.
Cash and cash equivalents, time
deposits and notes and accounts receivable, trade-
In the normal course of business, substantially all cash and cash equivalents,
time deposits and notes and accounts receivable, trade, are highly liquid and
are carried at amounts which approximate fair value.
Notes and accounts payable, trade-
In the normal course of business, substantially all notes and accounts payable,
trade, are to be paid currently and their carrying amounts approximate fair
value.
Short-term borrowings and long-term debt-
The fair values of short-term borrowings and total long-term debt including the
current portion were estimated based on the discounted amounts of future cash
flows using the company's current incremental borrowing rates for similar
liabilities.
Derivative financial instruments-
The company enters into various currency forward exchange contracts, interest
rate swap and interest rate currency swap agreements and foreign currency
purchased and written options as a normal part of its risk management efforts,
which include those transactions designed as hedges but that do not qualify for
hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP. Gains and losses on those derivative financial
instruments qualified for hedge accounting are deferred and effectively offset
gains and losses on the underlying hedged assets and liabilities by recognizing
them in the same period. Others used for hedging purposes but not qualified for
hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP are marked to market. Such off-balance-sheet
activities comprise the following:
F-25
<PAGE> 65
Foreign exchange forward contracts, the majority of which mature within three
months, are used to hedge the risk of changes in foreign currency exchange rates
substantially associated with accounts receivable and payable and commitments on
future trade transactions denominated in foreign currencies.
The purpose of the company's foreign currency hedging activities is to protect
the company from the risk that the eventual Yen net cash inflows resulting from
the sale of products to foreign customers will be adversely affected by changes
in exchange rates. The contracted amounts outstanding at March 31, 1995 and 1996
were 1,287,491 million yen and 843,090 million yen, respectively. The fair
values of these contracts were estimated based on the market quotes.
Interest rate swap and interest rate currency swap agreements mature during 1996
to 2003 and the related differentials to be paid or received are recognized in
interest expense over the terms of the agreements. Currency swap portions of the
interest rate currency swap agreements are marked to market at the end of each
period and the foreign exchange gain or loss recognized on the swap offsets the
foreign exchange gain or loss recorded on the foreign-denominated debt. These
agreements were arranged to lower funding costs, to diversify sources of funding
and to limit the company's exposure to loss in relation to underlying debt
instruments resulting from adverse fluctuations in foreign currency exchange and
interest rates. At March 31, 1995 and 1996, the aggregate notional principal
amounts of the interest rate swap agreements were 155,672 million yen and
155,306 million yen, respectively, and those of the interest rate currency swap
agreements were 228,524 million yen and 233,685 million yen, respectively. The
fair values of such agreements were estimated based on the discounted amounts of
net future cash flows.
The company entered into foreign currency option purchased contracts in the
notional amounts of 84,498 million yen and 106,549 million yen at March 31, 1995
and 1996, respectively. These contracts, the majority of which expire within
three months of the balance sheet dates, are used in conjunction with the
forward exchange contracts to hedge foreign currency exposure arising from
accounts receivable and commitments on future trade transactions denominated in
foreign currencies. The company also entered into foreign currency option
written contracts in the notional amounts of 105,869 million yen and 164,439
million yen at March 31, 1995 and 1996, respectively. The majority of these
contracts are part of range forward contract arrangements and expire in the same
month with the corresponding currency option contracts purchased shown above and
are limited to those which lower the premiums paid. The fair values of such
foreign currency options were estimated based on the values quoted by brokers.
F-26
<PAGE> 66
A consolidated insurance subsidiary entered into government bond option written
contracts as an integral part of short-term investing activities in order to fix
the yields from bonds on hand to certain ranges. All of these contracts expire
within two months of the balance sheet dates and their notional principal
amounts were 76,693 million yen and 91,485 million yen at March 31, 1995 and
1996, respectively. For accounting purposes, those transactions do not qualify
for hedge accounting. Accordingly, an unrealized loss of 526 million yen at
March 31,1996 was charged to income. The fair values of such bond option written
contracts were estimated based on the values quoted by brokers.
The estimated fair values of the company's financial instruments excluding debt
and equity securities, both on and off the balance sheets, are summarized as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Yen in millions
----------------------------------------
Estimated
Carrying amount fair value
--------------- --------------
At March 31, 1995
<S> <C> <C>
Cash and cash equivalents 475,555 475,555
Time deposits 16,173 16,173
Notes and accounts receivable, trade 675,111 675,111
Short-term borrowings (408,943) (408,943)
Notes and accounts payable, trade (543,461) (543,461)
Long-term debt including the current portion (961,690) (929,704)
Forward exchange contracts 19,285 48,742
Interest rate and currency swap agreements - 5,778
Option contracts purchased 652 7,386
Option contracts written (351) (677)
Bond option contracts written (307) (1,818)
At March 31, 1996
Cash and cash equivalents 459,339 459,339
Time deposits 32,605 32,605
Notes and accounts receivable, trade 923,566 923,566
Short-term borrowings (292,396) (292,396)
Notes and accounts payable, trade (565,044) (565,044)
Long-term debt including the current portion (1,337,455) (1,247,781)
Forward exchange contracts (2,226) (4,058)
Interest rate and currency swap agreements - 9,740
Option contracts purchased 1,577 1,577
Option contracts written (1,232) (1,232)
Bond option contracts written (526) (526)
</TABLE>
F-27
<PAGE> 67
12. Pension and severance plans:
On terminating employment, employees of the parent company and subsidiaries in
Japan are entitled, under most circumstances, to lump-sum indemnities or pension
payments as described below, based on current rates of pay and lengths of
service. Under normal circumstances, the minimum payment prior to retirement age
is an amount based on voluntary retirement. Employees receive additional
benefits on involuntary retirement, including retirement at the age limit. With
respect to directors' resignations, lump-sum severance indemnities calculated by
using a similar formula are normally paid subject to approval of the
stockholders.
The parent company and most subsidiaries in Japan have contributory funded
defined benefit pension plans, which are pursuant to the Japanese Welfare
Pension Insurance Law. The contributory pension plans cover a portion of the
governmental welfare pension program, under which the contributions are made by
the companies and their employees, and an additional portion representing the
substituted noncontributory pension plans. The defined benefits under the
noncontributory portion of the plans, in general, cover 60% of the indemnities
under the existing regulations to employees. The remaining portion of the
indemnities is covered by severance payments by the companies. The pension
benefits are determined based on years of service and the compensation amounts
as stipulated in the aforementioned regulations, and are payable, at the option
of the retiring employee, as a monthly pension or in a lump-sum amount. The
contributions to the plans are funded with several financial institutions in
accordance with the applicable laws and regulations.
Most foreign subsidiaries have defined benefit pension plans or severance
indemnity plans covering substantially all of their employees under which the
cost of benefits is currently funded or accrued. The benefits for these plans
are based primarily on current rate of pay and lengths of service.
F-28
<PAGE> 68
Net pension and severance costs and the related pension plans' funded status
including the employees' contributory portion and rate assumptions are shown
below:
Japanese plans:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Yen in millions
------------------------------------
Year ended March 31
------------------------------------
1994 1995 1996
------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net pension and severance cost (credit):
Service cost - benefits earned during the year 24,212 23,987 29,276
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation 10,670 11,024 11,090
Actual return on plan assets (5,326) (3,672) (9,545)
Net amortization and deferral 1,183 2,828 7,245
------- ------- -------
Actuarial net pension and severance cost for the year 30,739 34,167 38,066
Employee contributions (3,333) (3,614) (4,098)
------- ------- -------
Net pension and severance cost for the year 27,406 30,553 33,968
======= ======= =======
</TABLE>
Foreign plans:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Yen in millions
------------------------------------
Year ended March 31
------------------------------------
1994 1995 1996
------ ------- ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net pension and severance cost (credit):
Service cost - benefits earned during the year 9,882 10,198 10,790
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation 2,653 2,839 3,197
Actual return on plan assets (2,449) 68 (4,122)
Net amortization and deferral 890 (1,016) 1,860
------ ------- ------
Net pension and severance cost for the year 10,976 12,089 11,725
====== ======= ======
</TABLE>
F-29
<PAGE> 69
Pension plans' funded status:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Japanese plans Foreign plans
------------------------ ------------------------
Yen in millions Yen in millions
------------------------ ------------------------
March 31 March 31
------------------------ ------------------------
1995 1996 1995 1996
-------- -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Actuarial present value of obligations-
Vested benefit 167,810 207,925 25,141 38,439
Nonvested benefit 37,698 42,544 2,504 3,877
-------- -------- -------- --------
Accumulated benefit obligation 205,508 250,469 27,645 42,316
Additional benefits related
to projected salary increase 53,106 60,184 12,780 18,735
-------- -------- -------- --------
Projected benefit obligation 258,614 310,653 40,425 61,051
Plan assets at fair value 142,330 171,240 20,755 31,280
-------- -------- -------- --------
Excess of projected benefit obligation
over plan assets 116,284 139,413 19,670 29,771
Unrecognized net loss (14,754) (30,722) (2,117) (5,280)
Unrecognized net transition asset 3,854 3,479 (144) (771)
Unrecognized prior service cost (11,752) (10,766) -- --
-------- -------- -------- --------
Net pension liability recognized in the
balance sheet 93,632 101,404 17,409 23,720
======== ======== ======== ========
Assumptions used in developing the
pension obligation as of March 31:
Discount rate 4.5% 4.0% 7.0-8.5% 7.0-9.0%
Long-term rate of salary increase 3.5% 3.2% 3.0-8.5% 3.0-8.5%
Long-term rate of return on funded assets 4.0% 3.5% 7.0-10.0% 7.0-10.0%
</TABLE>
The plan assets are invested primarily in interest bearing securities and listed
equity securities.
F-30
<PAGE> 70
13. Income taxes:
Income (loss) before income taxes and income tax expense comprise the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Yen in millions
----------------------------------------
Year ended March 31
----------------------------------------
1994 1995 1996
-------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Income (loss) before income taxes:
Parent company and domestic subsidiaries 92,849 58,038 78,154
Foreign subsidiaries 9,313 (278,986) 60,005
-------- -------- --------
102,162 (220,948) 138,159
======== ======== ========
Income taxes - Current:
Parent company and domestic subsidiaries 35,716 53,258 40,488
Foreign subsidiaries * 24,153 30,850 31,600
-------- -------- --------
59,869 84,108 72,088
======== ======== ========
Income taxes - Deferred:
Parent company and domestic subsidiaries 21,500 (15,935) 6,543
Foreign subsidiaries * (2,757) (3,000) (1,473)
-------- -------- --------
18,743 (18,935) 5,070
======== ======== ========
</TABLE>
* Includes taxes provided on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries.
The company is subject to a number of different income taxes which, in the
aggregate, indicate a statutory rate in Japan of approximately 51%.
Reconciliations of the differences between the statutory tax rate and the
effective income tax rate are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year ended March 31
------------------------------
1994 1995 1996
---- ------ ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Statutory tax rate 52.0% (51.0%) 51.0%
Increase (reduction) in taxes resulting from:
Income tax credit (2.3) (2.0) (2.8)
Nondeductible goodwill write-off -- 61.2 --
Current operating losses of subsidiaries,
excluding nondeductible goodwill write-off 25.2 17.6 7.9
Other 2.0 3.7 (0.2)
---- ---- ----
Effective income tax rate 76.9% 29.5% 55.9%
==== ==== ====
</TABLE>
F-31
<PAGE> 71
The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Yen in millions
------------------------
March 31
------------------------
1995 1996
-------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Deferred tax assets:
Operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes 50,433 58,304
Inventory - intercompany profits and write-down 37,984 38,793
Accrued pension and severance costs 33,269 37,938
Warranty reserve and accrued expenses 26,158 29,998
Future insurance policy benefits 12,308 25,717
Other accrued employees' compensation 11,944 11,723
Bad debts reserve 4,617 7,415
Depreciation 5,129 4,322
Other 53,508 82,524
-------- --------
Gross deferred tax assets 235,350 296,734
Less: Valuation allowance (90,182) (118,356)
-------- --------
Total deferred tax assets 145,168 178,378
-------- --------
Deferred tax liabilities:
Unrealized gain on securities (66,784) (85,204)
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries (27,480) (51,995)
Insurance acquisition costs (36,082) (51,064)
Depreciation (18,963) (18,807)
Deferred expenses (4,507) (6,929)
Other (27,023) (26,718)
-------- --------
Gross deferred tax liabilities (180,839) (240,717)
-------- --------
Net deferred tax liabilities (35,671) (62,339)
======== ========
</TABLE>
F-32
<PAGE> 72
The valuation allowance mainly relates to deferred tax assets of consolidated
subsidiaries with operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes that are not
expected to be realized. The net changes in the total valuation allowance for
the years ended March 31, 1995 and 1996 were both increases of 9,264 million yen
and 28,174 million yen, respectively.
Net deferred tax liabilities are included in the consolidated balance sheets as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Yen in millions
------------------------
March 31
------------------------
1995 1996
-------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Deferred income taxes (Current assets) 77,883 83,291
Other assets - Other 14,538 18,351
Current liabilities - Other (2,644) (3,583)
Deferred income taxes (Long-term liabilities) (125,448) (160,398)
-------- --------
Net deferred tax liabilities (35,671) (62,339)
======== ========
</TABLE>
At March 31, 1996, no deferred income taxes have been provided on undistributed
earnings of foreign subsidiaries not expected to be remitted in the foreseeable
future totaling 233,573 million yen, and on the gain on a subsidiary's sale of
stock of 61,544 million yen arising from the issuance of common stock of Sony
Music Entertainment (Japan) Inc. in a public offering to third parties in
November 1991, as the company does not anticipate any significant tax
consequences on possible future disposition of its remaining investment based on
its tax planning strategies. The unrecognized deferred tax liabilities as of
March 31, 1996 for such temporary differences amounted to 90,930 million yen.
Operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes of consolidated subsidiaries at
March 31, 1996 amounted to approximately 167,474 million yen and are available
as an offset against future taxable income of such subsidiaries. These
carryforwards expire at various dates primarily up to 15 years. Realization is
dependent on such subsidiaries generating sufficient taxable income prior to
expiration of the loss carryforwards. Although realization is not assured,
management believes it is more likely than not that all of the deferred tax
assets, less valuation allowance, will be realized. The amount of such net
deferred tax assets considered realizable, however, could be reduced in the near
term if estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period are
reduced.
F-33
<PAGE> 73
14. Stockholders' equity:
Changes in each caption of stockholders' equity, except for retained earnings,
have resulted from the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Yen in millions
----------------------------------------
Year ended March 31
----------------------------------------
1994 1995 1996
-------- ------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Common stock:
Balance at beginning of year 297,985 299,194 299,589
Conversion of convertible debt 1,209 395 296
-------- -------- --------
Balance at end of year 299,194 299,589 299,885
======== ======== ========
Additional paid-in capital:
Balance at beginning of year 439,619 440,845 441,241
Conversion of convertible debt 1,226 396 384
Common stock warrants -- -- 110
-------- -------- --------
Balance at end of year 440,845 441,241 441,735
======== ======== ========
Legal reserve:
Balance at beginning of year 21,161 23,382 27,620
Transfer from retained earnings 2,221 4,238 3,760
-------- -------- --------
Balance at end of year 23,382 27,620 31,380
======== ======== ========
Unrealized gain on securities:
Balance at beginning of year -- 73,000 64,972
Net charge during the year -- (8,028) 16,361
-------- -------- --------
Balance at end of year -- 64,972 81,333
======== ======== ========
Cumulative translation adjustment:
Balance at beginning of year (238,000) (335,703) (411,167)
Aggregate translation adjustment for the year (96,725) (75,354) 114,461
Income taxes for the year allocated to
translation adjustment (978) (110) (5,797)
-------- -------- --------
Balance at end of year (335,703) (411,167) (302,503)
======== ======== ========
</TABLE>
On November 20, 1991, the company made a free share distribution of 33,908,621
shares for which no accounting entry is required in Japan. Had the distribution
been accounted for in the manner adopted by companies in the United States of
America, 201,078 million yen would have been transferred from retained earnings
to the appropriate capital accounts.
F-34
<PAGE> 74
During the years ended March 31, 1994, 1995 and 1996, the company issued 570,467
shares, 183,167 shares and 156,216 shares, respectively, of common stock arising
from the conversion of convertible debt.
Conversions of convertible debt into common stock are accounted for in
accordance with the provisions of the Japanese Commercial Code by crediting
approximately one-half of the conversion proceeds to the common stock account
and the remainder to the additional paid-in capital account.
The Japanese Commercial Code provides that an amount equal to at least 10% of
cash dividends and other distributions from retained earnings paid by the
company and its Japanese subsidiaries be appropriated as a legal reserve. No
further appropriation is required when the legal reserve equals 25% of stated
capital. The amounts of statutory retained earnings of the parent company
available for the payments of dividends to stockholders as of March 31, 1995 and
1996 were 482,735 million yen and 490,265 million yen, respectively. These
amounts include cash dividends for the six-month period ended March 31, 1995 and
1996, respectively, which have been incorporated in the accompanying
consolidated financial statements.
The appropriations of retained earnings for the year ended March 31, 1996, which
have been incorporated in the accompanying consolidated financial statements,
will be proposed for approval at the general stockholders' meeting to be held on
June 27, 1996 and will be recorded in the statutory books of account, in
accordance with the Japanese Commercial Code, after stockholders' approval.
Retained earnings at March 31, 1996 include parent company and its consolidated
subsidiaries' equity in undistributed earnings of 20% to 50% owned companies
accounted for by the equity method in the amount of 8,726 million yen.
15. Research and development expenses and advertising costs:
Research and development expenses-
Research and development expenses charged to cost of sales for the years ended
March 31, 1994, 1995 and 1996 were 229,877 million yen, 239,164 million yen and
257,326 million yen, respectively.
F-35
<PAGE> 75
Advertising costs-
Advertising costs included in selling, general and administrative expenses for
the years ended March 31, 1994, 1995 and 1996 were 132,205 million yen, 141,017
million yen and 159,821 million yen, respectively.
16. Leased assets:
The company leases certain plant facilities, office space, warehouses,
employees' residential facilities and other assets.
An analysis of leased assets under capital leases is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Yen in millions
---------------------
March 31
---------------------
Class of property 1995 1996
------------------------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C>
Land 1,744 2,351
Buildings 19,205 23,080
Machinery and equipment 4,181 8,466
Accumulated amortization (6,324) (9,838)
------- -------
18,806 24,059
======= =======
</TABLE>
The following is a schedule by year of the future minimum lease payments under
capital leases together with the present value of the net minimum lease payments
as of March 31, 1996:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Yen in millions
---------------
<S> <C>
Year ending March 31:
1997 4,832
1998 4,955
1999 4,666
2000 4,160
2001 4,096
Later years 16,710
------
Total minimum lease payments 39,419
Less - Amount representing interest 9,850
------
Present value of net minimum lease payments 29,569
Less - Current obligations 3,451
------
Long-term capital lease obligations 26,118
======
</TABLE>
F-36
<PAGE> 76
Rental expenses under operating leases for the years ended March 31, 1994, 1995
and 1996 were 83,536 million yen, 79,295 million yen and 81,385 million yen,
respectively. The minimum rental payments required under operating leases that
have initial or remaining noncancelable lease terms in excess of one year at
March 31, 1996 are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Yen in millions
----------------
<S> <C>
Year ending March 31:
1997 31,647
1998 26,674
1999 22,589
2000 19,295
2001 16,637
Later years 122,759
-------
Total minimum future rentals 239,601
=======
</TABLE>
17. Commitments and contingent liabilities:
Commitments outstanding at March 31, 1996 for the purchase of property, plant
and equipment and other assets approximated 42,194 million yen.
Contingent liabilities for notes discounted and guarantees given in the ordinary
course of business and for employee loans amounted to 94,507 million yen at
March 31, 1996.
The company has entered into agreements with financial institutions whereby the
company can sell up to 53,000 million yen of specifically identified accounts
receivable and future receivables with limited recourse. For the years ended
March 31, 1995 and 1996, the company did not sell any specifically identified
accounts receivable or future receivables. For the year ended March 31, 1994,
the company sold specifically identified accounts receivable and future
receivables of 15,141 million yen. As of March 31, 1995 and 1996, the
outstanding balance of all receivables sold with limited recourse amounted to
16,554 million yen and 6,678 million yen, respectively.
The company has also entered into agreements with financial institutions whereby
the company can sell up to 100,700 million yen of undivided interests in a pool
of eligible receivables with limited recourse. The maximum pool of eligible
receivables sold outstanding at any one time during the years ended March 31,
1995 and 1996 amounted to 72,535 million yen and 71,868 million yen,
respectively. As of March 31, 1995, the outstanding balance of all receivables
sold with limited recourse amounted to
F-37
<PAGE> 77
22,250 million yen. The company had no outstanding balance of such receivables
sold with limited recourse as of March 31,1996.
Under the terms of each of the receivable sales agreements, the company has
retained substantially the same risk of credit loss as if the receivables had
not been sold. The company has fully reserved for these potential credit losses.
The company pays fees which approximate the purchasers' costs of issuing
commercial paper and are included in other expense.
The company and certain of its subsidiaries are defendants in several pending
lawsuits. However, based upon the information currently available to both the
company and its legal counsel, management of the company believes that damages
from such lawsuits, if any, would not have a material effect on the company's
consolidated financial statements.
18. Business segment information:
The company operates on a worldwide basis principally within three industry
segments: 1) Electronics, 2) Entertainment and 3) Insurance and financing. The
Electronics segment designs, develops, manufactures and distributes video
equipment, audio equipment, televisions and other products. The Entertainment
segment manufactures, markets and distributes music and pictures entertainment
products. The Insurance and financing segment represents insurance business,
primarily individual life insurance business in the Japanese market,
and other financing business, which consists of customer financing and leasing
business also in the Japanese market.
Since the company's insurance and financing businesses became significant for
financial reporting purposes, the company has established a new reportable
segment in the year ended March 31, 1996. The insurance and financing
businesses, which were previously included in the former Electronics segment,
are now reported as a separate segment. Financial data for previous years have
been restated to conform with the segment presentation in the year ended March
31, 1996.
The following tables present certain information regarding the company's
industry segments and operations by geographic areas at March 31, 1994, 1995 and
1996 and for the years then ended:
F-38
<PAGE> 78
Industry segments -
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Yen in millions
----------------------------------------------
Year ended March 31
----------------------------------------------
1994 1995 1996
---------- --------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Sales and operating revenue:
Electronics -
Customers 2,839,411 3,075,228 3,530,154
Intersegment 13,100 12,963 39,321
---------- ---------- ----------
Total 2,852,511 3,088,191 3,569,475
Entertainment -
Customers 790,993 776,608 831,213
Intersegment 3,400 4,959 10,838
---------- ---------- ----------
Total 794,393 781,567 842,051
Insurance and financing -
Customers 113,881 138,747 231,198
Intersegment 14,631 14,106 16,001
---------- ---------- ----------
Total 128,512 152,853 247,199
Elimination (31,131) (32,028) (66,160)
---------- ---------- ----------
Consolidated 3,744,285 3,990,583 4,592,565
========== ========== ==========
Operating income (loss):
Electronics 86,566 121,624 190,586
Entertainment, including
a write-off of 25,075 (273,270) 54,878
goodwill in 1995
Insurance and financing 11,483 5,949 8,362
Corporate and elimination (16,162) (20,943) (18,502)
---------- ---------- ----------
Consolidated 106,962 (166,640) 235,324
========== ========== ==========
Identifiable assets:
Electronics 2,240,610 2,469,688 2,903,430
Entertainment 1,379,867 1,007,741 1,271,860
Insurance and financing 458,734 528,277 748,150
Corporate assets and elimination 190,674 218,214 122,285
---------- ---------- ----------
Consolidated 4,269,885 4,223,920 5,045,725
========== ========== ==========
Depreciation and amortization:
Electronics 179,660 164,914 167,591
Entertainment, excluding a
write-off of goodwill in 1995 43,234 37,952 33,697
Insurance and financing,
including deferred insurance
acquisition costs 17,081 20,600 23,001
Corporate 2,483 3,518 3,027
---------- ---------- ----------
Consolidated 242,458 226,984 227,316
========== ========== ==========
Capital expenditures:
Electronics 143,679 175,070 194,417
Entertainment 34,610 58,898 41,782
Insurance and financing 10,845 13,118 12,844
Corporate 6,803 3,592 2,154
---------- ---------- ----------
Consolidated 195,937 250,678 251,197
========== ========== ==========
</TABLE>
F-39
<PAGE> 79
Geographic areas -
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Yen in millions
----------------------------------------------
Year ended March 31
----------------------------------------------
1994 1995 1996
---------- ---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Sales and operating revenue:
Japan -
Customers 1,379,449 1,479,190 1,768,132
Intersegment 938,640 1,175,446 1,275,251
---------- ---------- ----------
Total 2,318,089 2,654,636 3,043,383
U.S.A. -
Customers 1,206,585 1,153,550 1,250,712
Intersegment 49,470 51,637 113,121
---------- ---------- ----------
Total 1,256,055 1,205,187 1,363,833
Europe -
Customers 712,246 778,465 886,468
Intersegment 9,665 11,994 30,299
---------- ---------- ----------
Total 721,911 790,459 916,767
Other -
Customers 472,988 579,378 687,253
Intersegment 336,008 454,854 509,120
---------- ---------- ----------
Total 808,996 1,034,232 1,196,373
Elimination (1,360,766) (1,693,931) (1,927,791)
---------- ---------- ----------
Consolidated 3,744,285 3,990,583 4,592,565
========== ========== ==========
Operating income (loss):
Japan 61,257 75,878 147,582
U.S.A., including a write-off of
goodwill in 1995 (4,361) (296,417) 32,372
Europe 39,696 46,959 48,621
Other 37,466 47,862 55,772
Corporate and elimination (27,096) (40,922) (49,023)
---------- ---------- ----------
Consolidated 106,962 (166,640) 235,324
========== ========== ==========
Identifiable assets:
Japan 2,050,302 2,282,291 2,603,041
U.S.A. 1,303,763 931,884 1,243,565
Europe 428,228 498,259 623,069
Other 341,876 395,517 547,348
Corporate assets and elimination 145,716 115,969 28,702
---------- ---------- ----------
Consolidated 4,269,885 4,223,920 5,045,725
========== ========== ==========
Export sales and operating revenue:
To U.S.A. 99,380 110,645 125,547
To Europe 72,179 85,589 110,718
To Other 191,800 193,818 169,271
---------- ---------- ----------
Total 363,359 390,052 405,536
========== ========== ==========
</TABLE>
F-40
<PAGE> 80
Transfers between industry or geographic segments are made at arms-length
prices. Operating income (loss) is sales and operating revenue less costs and
operating expenses. Corporate expenses of the geographic segments include
certain research and development expenses unallocable to the segments.
Identifiable assets are those assets used in the operations of each industry or
geographic segment. Unallocated corporate assets consist primarily of cash and
cash equivalents and marketable securities maintained for general corporate
purposes.
F-41
<PAGE> 81
SCHEDULE II
S O N Y C O R P O R A T I O N
AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Yen in millions
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Additions
Balance at charged to Balance at
beginning costs and Deductions Other end of
of period expenses (Note 1) (Note 2) period
--------- --------- -------- ------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Year ended March 31, 1994:
Allowance for doubtful accounts
and sales returns 42,306 21,179 (12,113) (5,887) 45,485
======= ====== ====== ===== ======
Year ended March 31, 1995:
Allowance for doubtful accounts
and sales returns 45,485 15,002 (6,790) (5,512) 48,185
======= ====== ====== ===== ======
Year ended March 31, 1996:
Allowance for doubtful accounts
and sales returns 48,185 25,556 (14,136) 9,158 68,763
======= ====== ====== ===== ======
</TABLE>
Notes: 1. Amounts written off.
2. Translation adjustment.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Balance at Balance at
beginning Other end of
of period Additions Deductions (Note 2) period
--------- --------- ---------- ------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Year ended March 31, 1994:
Valuation allowance (Note 1)
- Deferred tax assets 54,402 32,198 - (5,682) 80,918
====== ====== ====== ====== =======
Year ended March 31, 1995:
Valuation allowance
- Deferred tax assets 80,918 19,652 - (10,388) 90,182
====== ====== ====== ====== =======
Year ended March 31, 1996:
Valuation allowance
- Deferred tax assets 90,182 12,590 - 15,584 118,356
====== ====== ====== ====== =======
</TABLE>
Notes: 1. The amount results from the adoption of FAS 109 from April 1,1993.
2. Translation adjustment.
F-42
