<PAGE>
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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT (NO. 2-65955-99) UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
PRE-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO.
POST-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO. 27
AND
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY
ACT OF 1940
AMENDMENT NO. 27
VANGUARD TRUSTEES' EQUITY FUNDS
(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN DECLARATION OF TRUST)
P.O. BOX 2600, VALLEY FORGE, PA 19482
(ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICE)
REGISTRANT'S TELEPHONE NUMBER (610) 669-1000
R. GREGORY BARTON, ESQUIRE
P.O. BOX 876
VALLEY FORGE, PA 19482
IT IS PROPOSED THAT THIS FILING BECOME EFFECTIVE:
ON APRIL 21, 2000, PURSUANT TO PARAGRAPH (B) OF RULE 485.
APPROXIMATE DATE OF PROPOSED PUBLIC OFFERING:
AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE AFTER THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT BECOMES EFFECTIVE.
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<PAGE>
[SHIP GRAPHIC]
VANGUARD(R)
INTERNATIONAL VALUE
FUND
Prospectus
April 21, 2000
This prospectus contains
financial data for the
Fund through the
fiscal year ended
December 31, 1999.
[A MEMBER OF THE VANGUARD GROUP(R) LOGO]
<PAGE>
VANGUARD INTERNATIONAL VALUE FUND
Prospectus
April 21, 2000
An International Stock Mutual Fund
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CONTENTS
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1 FUND PROFILE 12 FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
3 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 14 INVESTING WITH VANGUARD
3 A WORD ABOUT RISK 14 Services and Account Features
3 WHO SHOULD INVEST 15 Types of Accounts
4 PRIMARY INVESTMENT STRATEGIES 16 Buying Shares
9 THE FUND AND VANGUARD 18 Redeeming Shares
9 INVESTMENT ADVISER 21 Transferring Registration
10 DIVIDENDS, CAPITAL GAINS, AND TAXES 22 Fund and Account Updates
12 SHARE PRICE GLOSSARY (inside back cover)
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WHY READING THIS PROSPECTUS IS IMPORTANT
This prospectus explains the objective, risks, and strategies of Vanguard
International Value Fund. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual
fund investors, we have provided "Plain Talk (R) " explanations along the way.
Reading the prospectus will help you to decide whether the Fund is the right
investment for you. We suggest that you keep it for future reference.
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NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES
COMMISSION HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED OF THESE SECURITIES OR PASSED UPON THE
ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A
CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
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1
FUND PROFILE
The following profile summarizes key features of Vanguard International Value
Fund.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
The Fund seeks to provide long-term capital growth and some income.
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
The Fund invests primarily in large and medium-size companies located outside
the United States whose common stocks are considered by the Fund's adviser to be
undervalued. Such stocks, called "value" stocks, often are out of favor in
periods when investors are drawn to companies with strong prospects for growth.
The prices of value stocks therefore may be below-average in comparison to such
fundamental factors as earnings, revenue, and book-value. Such stocks often
provide an above-average dividend yield.
PRIMARY RISKS
THE FUND'S TOTAL RETURN, LIKE STOCK PRICES GENERALLY, WILL FLUCTUATE WITHIN A
WIDE RANGE, SO AN INVESTOR COULD LOSE MONEY OVER SHORT OR EVEN LONG PERIODS. The
Fund is also subject to:
o Currency risk, which is the chance investments in a particular country will
decrease in value if the U.S. dollar rises in value against that country's
currency.
o Country risk, which is the chance that domestic events--such as political
upheaval, financial troubles, or a natural disaster will weaken a country's
securities markets.
o Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from value stocks
will trail returns from other asset classes or the overall stock market.
o Manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause
the Fund to underperform other funds with similar investment objectives.
PERFORMANCE/RISK INFORMATION
The bar chart and table below provide an indication of the risk of investing in
the Fund. The bar chart shows the Fund's performance in each calendar year over
a ten-year period. The table shows how the Fund's average annual total returns
for one, five, and ten calendar years compare with those of a broad-based
securities market index. Keep in mind that the Fund's past performance does not
indicate how it will perform in the future.
----------------------------------------------------
ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS
----------------------------------------------------
[BAR GRAPH]
1990 -12.26%
1991 9.96%
1992 -8.72%
1993 30.49%
1994 5.25%
1995 9.65%
1996 10.22%
1997 -4.58%
1998 19.46%
1999 21.81%
----------------------------------------------------
During the period shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar
quarter was 20.62% (quarter ended December 31, 1998) and the lowest return for a
quarter was -18.00% (quarter ended September 30, 1990).
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2
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AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999
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1 YEAR 5 YEARS 10 YEARS
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Vanguard International Value Fund 21.81% 10.91% 7.34%
MSCI EAFE Index* 27.30 13.15 7.33
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*Morgan Stanley Capital International Europe, Australasia, Far East
Index.
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FEES AND EXPENSES
The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and
hold shares of the Fund. The expenses shown under Annual Fund Operating Expenses
are based upon those incurred in the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999.
SHAREHOLDER FEES (fees paid directly from your investment)
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases: None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends: None
Redemption Fee: None
Exchange Fee: None
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES (expenses deducted from the Fund's assets)
Management Expenses: 0.51%
12b-1 Distribution Fee: None
Other Expenses: 0.08%
TOTAL ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES: 0.59%
The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing
in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the
hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invest
$10,000 in the Fund. This example assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5%
a year and that operating expenses remain the same. The results apply whether or
not you redeem your investment at the end of each period.
-------------------------------------------------
1 YEAR 3 YEARS 5 YEARS 10 YEARS
-------------------------------------------------
$60 $169 $329 $738
-------------------------------------------------
THIS EXAMPLE SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED TO REPRESENT ACTUAL EXPENSES OR
PERFORMANCE FROM THE PAST OR FOR THE FUTURE. ACTUAL FUTURE EXPENSES MAY BE
HIGHER OR LOWER THAN THOSE SHOWN.
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PLAIN TALK ABOUT
FUND EXPENSES
All mutual funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are deducted
from a fund's gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the net assets of
the fund. Vanguard International Value Fund's expense ratio in fiscal year 1999
was 0.59%, or $5.90 per $1,000 of average net assets. The average international
stock mutual fund had expenses in 1999 of 1.72%, or $17.20 per $1,000 of
average net assets (derived from data provided by Lipper Inc., which reports on
the mutual fund industry). Management expenses, which are one part of operating
expenses, include investment advisory fees as well as other costs of managing a
fund--such as account maintenance, reporting, accounting, legal, and other
administrative expenses.
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3
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PLAIN TALK ABOUT
THE COSTS OF INVESTING
Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That's because
you, as a shareholder, pay the costs of operating a fund, plus any transaction
costs associated with the fund's buying and selling of securities. These costs
can erode a substantial portion of the gross income or capital appreciation a
fund achieves. Even seemingly small differences in expenses can, over time,
have a dramatic effect on a fund's performance.
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<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C>
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
DIVIDENDS AND CAPITAL GAINS MINIMUM INITIAL INVESTMENT
Distributed annually in December $3,000; $1,000 for IRAs and custodial
accounts for minors
INVESTMENT ADVISER
Phillips & Drew (formerly known as UBS NEWSPAPER ABBREVIATION
International Investment London Limited), London, IntlVal
England, since March 31, 1996
VANGUARD FUND NUMBER
INCEPTION DATE 046
May 16, 1983
CUSIP NUMBER
NET ASSETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1999 921939203
$1.05 billion
TICKER SYMBOL
SUITABLE FOR IRAS VTRIX
Yes
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</TABLE>
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A WORD ABOUT RISK
This prospectus describes risks you would face as an investor in Vanguard
International Value Fund. It is important to keep in mind one of the main axioms
of investing: The higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential
reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: The lower the risk, the lower the
potential reward. As you consider an investment in the Fund, you should also
take into account your personal tolerance for the daily fluctuations of the
stock market.
Look for this [FLAG] symbol throughout the prospectus. It is used to mark
detailed information about each type of risk that you would confront as a
shareholder of the Fund.
================================================================================
WHO SHOULD INVEST
The Fund may be a suitable investment for you if:
o You are seeking investment opportunities outside the United States.
o You wish to add a value-oriented international stock fund to your existing
holdings, which could include other stock investments as well as bond,
money market, and tax-exempt investments.
o You are willing to accept the additional risks (country risk, currency
risk, etc.) associated with international investments.
o You are seeking growth of capital over the long term--at least
five years--along with some income.
<PAGE>
4
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PLAIN TALK ABOUT
COSTS AND MARKET-TIMING
Some investors try to profit from market-timing--switching money into
investments when they expect prices to rise, and taking money out when they
expect the market to fall. As money is shifted in and out, a fund incurs
expenses for buying and selling securities. These costs are borne by all fund
shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs.
Therefore, the Fund discourages short-term trading by, among other things,
limiting the number of exchanges it permits.
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THE VANGUARD FUNDS DO NOT PERMIT MARKET-TIMING. DO NOT INVEST IN THIS FUND
IF YOU ARE A MARKET-TIMER.
The Fund has adopted the following policies, among others, to discourage
short-term trading:
o The Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request--including
exchanges from other Vanguard funds--that it regards as disruptive to the
efficient management of the Fund. A purchase request could be rejected
because of the timing of the investment or because of a history of
excessive trading by the investor.
o There is a limit on the number of times you can exchange into and out of
the Fund (see "Redeeming Shares" in the INVESTING WITH VANGUARD section).
o The Fund reserves the right to stop offering shares at any time.
PRIMARY INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
This section explains the strategies that the investment adviser uses in pursuit
of the Fund's objective, long-term growth of capital and income. It also
explains how the adviser implements these strategies. In addition, this section
discusses several important risks--market risk, currency risk, country risk,
investment style risk, and manager risk--faced by investors in the Fund. The
Fund's Board of Trustees, which oversees the management of the Fund, may change
the Fund's investment objectives or strategies in the interest of shareholders
without a shareholder vote.
MARKET EXPOSURE
The Fund is a value-oriented fund that invests primarily in the common stocks of
large and medium-size non-U.S. companies. Under normal circumstances, at least
65% of the Fund's total assets will be invested in foreign stocks in at least
three different countries.
<PAGE>
5
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PLAIN TALK ABOUT
LARGE-CAP, MID-CAP, AND SMALL-CAP STOCKS
Stocks of publicly traded companies--and mutual funds that hold these
stocks--can be classified by the companies' market value, or capitalization.
Market capitalization changes over time, and there is no "official" definition
of the boundaries of large-, mid-, and small-cap stocks. Vanguard generally
defines large-capitalization (large-cap) funds as those holding stocks of
companies whose outstanding shares have a market value exceeding $12 billion;
mid-cap funds as those holding stocks of companies with a market value between
$1 billion and $12 billion; and small-cap funds as those typically holding
stocks of companies with a market value of less than $1 billion. Vanguard
periodically reassesses these classifications.
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[FLAG]THE FUND IS SUBJECT TO STOCK MARKET RISK, WHICH IS THE CHANCE THAT STOCK
PRICES OVERALL WILL DECLINE OVER SHORT OR EVEN LONG PERIODS. STOCK MARKETS
TEND TO MOVE IN CYCLES, WITH PERIODS OF RISING PRICES AND PERIODS OF
FALLING PRICES.
IN ADDITION, INVESTMENTS IN FOREIGN STOCK MARKETS CAN BE AS RISKY AS, IF
NOT MORE RISKY THAN, U.S. STOCK INVESTMENTS. THE PRICES OF INTERNATIONAL
STOCKS AND THE PRICES OF U.S. STOCKS HAVE OFTEN MOVED IN OPPOSITE
DIRECTIONS. THESE PERIODS HAVE, IN THE PAST, LASTED FOR AS LONG AS SEVERAL
YEARS.
To illustrate the volatility of international stock prices, the following
table shows the best, worst, and average total returns for foreign stock markets
over various periods as measured by the MSCI Europe, Australasia, Far East (MSCI
EAFE) Index, a widely used barometer of international market activity. (Total
returns consist of dividend income plus change in market price.) Note that the
returns shown do not include the costs of buying and selling stocks or other
expenses that a real-world investment portfolio would incur. Note, also, that
the gap between best and worst tends to narrow over the long term.
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PLAIN TALK ABOUT
THE RISKS OF INTERNATIONAL INVESTING
Because foreign stock markets operate differently from the U.S. market,
Americans investing abroad will encounter risks not typically associated with
U.S. companies. For instance, foreign companies are not subject to the same
accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards and practices as U.S.
companies; and their stock may not be as liquid as the stock of similar U.S.
companies. In addition, foreign stock exchanges, brokers, and companies
generally have less government supervision and regulation than their
counterparts in the United States. These factors, among others, could
negatively impact the returns Americans receive from a foreign investment.
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<PAGE>
6
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INTERNATIONAL STOCK MARKET RETURNS (1969-1999)
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1 YEAR 5 YEARS 10 YEARS 20 YEARS
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Best 69.9% 36.5% 22.8% 16.3%
Worst -23.2 1.5 5.9 12.0
Average 15.2 13.6 14.5 14.7
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The table covers all of the 1-, 5-, 10-, and 20-year periods from 1969
through 1999. Keep in mind that this was a particularly favorable period for all
stock markets. These average returns reflect past performance on international
stocks; you should not regard them as an indication of future returns from
either foreign markets as a whole or this Fund in particular.
Note that the preceding chart does not take into account returns for
foreign stock markets as measured by the MSCI Emerging Markets Free Index, a
widely used barometer of less developed stock markets. Emerging markets can be
substantially more volatile than more developed foreign markets. In addition,
because the MSCI EAFE Index tracks the European and Pacific markets
collectively, the above returns do not reflect the variability of returns from
year to year for these markets individually, or the variability across these and
other geographic regions or market sectors. To illustrate this variability, the
following table shows returns for different international markets--as well as
the U.S. market for comparison--from 1990 through 1999, as measured by their
respective indexes. Note that the returns shown do not include the costs of
buying and selling stocks or other expenses that a real-world investment
portfolio would incur.
[FLAG]THE FUND IS SUBJECT TO CURRENCY RISK, WHICH IS THE CHANCE THAT A STRONGER
U.S. DOLLAR WILL REDUCE RETURNS FOR AMERICANS INVESTING OVERSEAS.
GENERALLY, WHEN THE DOLLAR RISES IN VALUE AGAINST ANOTHER COUNTRY'S
CURRENCY, YOUR INVESTMENT IN THAT COUNTRY LOSES VALUE BECAUSE ITS CURRENCY
IS WORTH FEWER U.S. DOLLARS. ON THE OTHER HAND, A WEAKER U.S. DOLLAR
GENERALLY LEADS TO HIGHER RETURNS FOR AMERICANS HOLDING FOREIGN
INVESTMENTS.
[FLAG]THE FUND IS SUBJECT TO COUNTRY RISK, WHICH IS THE CHANCE THAT POLITICAL
EVENTS (A WAR, NATIONAL ELECTIONS), FINANCIAL PROBLEMS (RISING INFLATION,
GOVERNMENT DEFAULT), OR NATURAL DISASTERS (AN EARTHQUAKE, A FLOOD) WILL
WEAKEN A COUNTRY'S ECONOMY AND CAUSE INVESTMENTS IN THAT COUNTRY TO LOSE
MONEY.
[FLAG]THE FUND IS SUBJECT TO INVESTMENT STYLE RISK, WHICH IS THE CHANCE THAT
RETURNS FROM VALUE STOCKS WILL TRAIL RETURNS FROM OTHER ASSET CLASSES OR
THE OVERALL STOCK MARKET. AS A GROUP, VALUE STOCKS TEND TO GO THROUGH
CYCLES OF DOING BETTER--OR WORSE--THAN COMMON STOCKS IN GENERAL. THESE
PERIODS HAVE, IN THE PAST, LASTED FOR AS LONG AS SEVERAL YEARS.
<PAGE>
7
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PLAIN TALK ABOUT
VALUE FUNDS AND GROWTH FUNDS
Value investing and growth investing are two styles employed by stock fund
managers. Value funds generally emphasize stocks of companies from which the
market does not expect strong growth. The prices of value stocks typically are
below-average in comparison to such factors as earnings and book value, and
these stocks typically have above-average dividend yields. Growth funds
generally focus on companies believed to have above-average potential for
growth in revenue and earnings. Reflecting the market's high expectations for
superior growth, such stocks typically have low dividend yields and
above-average prices in relation to such measures as revenue, earnings, and
book value. Value and growth stocks have, in the past, produced similar
long-term returns, though each category has periods when it outperforms the
other. In general, value funds are appropriate for investors who want some
dividend income and the potential for capital gains, but are less tolerant of
share-price fluctuations. Growth funds, by contrast, appeal to investors who
will accept more volatility in hopes of a greater increase in share price.
Growth funds also may appeal to investors with taxable accounts who want a
higher proportion of returns to come as capital gains (which may be taxed at
lower rates than dividend income).
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SECURITY SELECTION
Phillips & Drew, adviser to the Fund, believes that research is the key to
selecting securities for an international stock fund. Much of this research
takes the form of on-site visits. In 1998, for instance, Phillips & Drew
investment analysts visited approximately 1,450 companies.
To be considered for Vanguard International Value Fund, a company
should--looking at its history and compared to similar companies--be cheap
statistically (that is, have an above-average yield and a relatively low price
considering its earnings, book value, and cash flow); be out of favor with
investors; and have a management that is motivated to make positive changes and
work for its shareholders.
The adviser decides whether--and how much--to invest in each country by
first determining how many of a country's companies meet Phillips & Drew's value
criteria. Other factors in Phillips & Drew's country selection process include
the size of the market and the variety of investment opportunities available
within the market.
The Fund is run by Phillips & Drew according to traditional methods of
active investment management. This means that securities are selected according
to Phillips & Drew's judgments about companies and their financial prospects,
within the context of the stock market and the economy in general. A security
will be sold when it is no longer as attractive as an alternative investment.
The Fund is generally managed without regard to tax ramifications.
[FLAG]THE FUND IS SUBJECT TO MANAGER RISK, WHICH IS THE CHANCE THAT THE ADVISER
WILL DO A POOR JOB OF SELECTING STOCKS.
TURNOVER RATE
Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it retains the
right to sell securities regardless of how long the securities have been held.
The Fund's average turnover rate for the past five years has been about 49%. (A
turnover rate of 100% would occur, for example, if the Fund sold and replaced
securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period.)
<PAGE>
8
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PLAIN TALK ABOUT
TURNOVER RATE
Before investing in a mutual fund, you should review its turnover rate. This
gives an indication of how transaction costs could affect the fund's future
returns. In general, the greater the volume of buying and selling by the fund,
the greater the impact that brokerage commissions and other transaction costs
will have on its return. Also, funds with high turnover rates may be more
likely to generate capital gains that must be distributed to shareholders as
income subject to taxes. As of December 31, 1999, the average turnover rate for
all international stock funds was approximately 90%, according to Morningstar,
Inc.
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OTHER INVESTMENT POLICIES AND RISKS
Besides investing in stocks of foreign companies, the Fund may make certain
other kinds of investments to achieve its objective.
The Fund may enter into forward foreign currency contracts, which help
protect its holdings against unfavorable short-term changes in exchange rates. A
forward foreign currency contract is an agreement to buy or sell a country's
currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in
the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given
date. Managers of international stock funds use these contracts to guard against
sudden, unfavorable changes in U.S. dollar/foreign currency exchange rates. The
contracts will not prevent the Fund's securities from falling in value during
foreign market downswings. Phillips & Drew will use these contracts to eliminate
some of the uncertainty of foreign exchange rates--but will not speculate on
changes in the market.
The Fund may also invest, to a limited extent, in futures and options
contracts, which are traditional types of derivatives. Losses (or gains)
involving futures can sometimes be substantial--in part because a relatively
small price movement in a futures contract may result in an immediate and
substantial loss (or gain) for a fund. This Fund will not use futures for
speculative purposes or as leveraged investments that magnify the gains or
losses of an investment. The Fund's obligation to purchase securities under
futures contracts will not exceed 20% of its total assets.
The reasons for which the Fund will invest in futures and options are:
o To keep cash on hand to meet shareholder redemptions or other needs while
simulating full investment in stocks.
o To reduce the Fund's transaction costs or add value when these instruments
are favorably priced.
The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment
policies--forinstance, by investing substantially in cash reserves--in response
to extraordinary market, economic, political, or other conditions. In doing so,
the Fund may succeed in avoiding losses but otherwise fail to achieve its
investment objective.
<PAGE>
9
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PLAIN TALK ABOUT
DERIVATIVES
A derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on (or "derived"
from) a traditional security (such as a stock or a bond), an asset (such as a
commodity like gold), or a market index (such as the S&P 500 Index). Futures
and options are derivatives that have been trading on regulated exchanges for
more than two decades. These "traditional" derivatives are standardized
contracts that can easily be bought and sold, and whose market values are
determined and published daily. It is these characteristics that differentiate
futures and options from the relatively new types of derivatives. If used for
speculation or as leveraged investments, derivatives can carry considerable
risks.
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THE FUND AND VANGUARD
The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group(R), a family of more than 35
investment companies with more than 100 funds holding assets worth more than
$540 billion. All of the Vanguard funds share in the expenses associated with
business operations, such as personnel, office space, equipment, and
advertising.
Vanguard also provides marketing services to the funds. Although
shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund
pays its allocated share of The Vanguard Group's marketing costs.
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PLAIN TALK ABOUT
VANGUARD'S UNIQUE CORPORATE STRUCTURE
The Vanguard Group is truly a MUTUAL mutual fund company. It is owned jointly
by the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the shareholders in those
funds. Most other mutual funds are operated by for-profit management companies
that may be owned by one person, by a group of individuals, or by investors who
own the management company's stock. By contrast, Vanguard provides its services
on an "at-cost" basis, and the funds' expense ratios reflect only these costs.
No separate management company reaps profits or absorbs losses from operating
the funds.
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INVESTMENT ADVISER
Phillips & Drew (formerly known as UBS International Investment London Limited),
Triton Court, 14 Finsbury Square, London EC2A 1PD, founded in 1987, serves as
the Fund's investment adviser. As of December 31, 1999, Phillips & Drew managed
more than $1.6 billion in assets. Phillips & Drew manages the Fund subject to
the control of the Trustees and officers of the Fund.
Phillips & Drew's advisory fee is paid quarterly. This fee is based on
certain annual percentage rates applied to the Fund's average month-end assets
for each quarter.
For the year ended December 31, 1999, the advisory fee paid to Phillips &
Drew represented an effective annual rate of 0.15% of the Fund's average net
assets before a decrease of 0.04% based on performance.
<PAGE>
10
The Fund has authorized Phillips & Drew to choose brokers or dealers to
handle the purchase and sale of securities for the Fund, and to get the best
available price and most favorable execution from these brokers with respect to
all transactions.
In the interest of obtaining better execution of a transaction, Phillips &
Drew may at times choose brokers who charge higher commissions. If more than one
broker can obtain the best available price and most favorable execution of a
transaction, then Phillips & Drew is authorized to choose a broker who, in
addition to executing the transaction, will provide research services to
Phillips & Drew or the Fund. Also, the Fund may direct Phillips & Drew to use a
particular broker for certain transactions in exchange for commission rebates or
research services provided to the Fund.
The Board of Trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change
the terms of an advisory agreement or hire a new investment adviser-- either as
a replacement for an existing adviser or as an additional adviser. Any
significant change in the Fund's advisory arrangements will be communicated to
shareholders in writing. In addition, as the Fund's sponsor and overall manager,
The Vanguard Group may provide investment advisory services to the Fund, on an
at-cost basis, at any time.
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PLAIN TALK ABOUT
THE FUND'S ADVISER
The individual responsible for overseeing the implementation of Phillips &
Drew's strategy for Vanguard International Value Fund is:
WILSON PHILLIPS, CFA, Investment Manager; has worked in investment management
since 1980; has managed assets since 1981; with Phillips & Drew since 1987;
advised the Fund since 1996; B.Sc., Glasgow University.
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DIVIDENDS, CAPITAL GAINS, AND TAXES
FUND DISTRIBUTIONS
The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest
and dividends, less expenses), as well as any capital gains realized from the
sale of its holdings. Distributions generally occur in December. In addition,
the Fund may occasionally be required to make supplemental dividend or capital
gains distributions at some other time during the year. You can receive
distributions of income dividends or capital gains in cash, or you can have them
automatically reinvested in more shares of the Fund.
BASIC TAX POINTS
Vanguard will send you a statement each year showing the tax status of all your
distributions. In addition, taxable investors should be aware of the following
basic tax points:
o Distributions are taxable to you for federal income tax purposes whether or
not you reinvest these amounts in additional Fund shares.
o Distributions declared in December--if paid to you by the end of
January--are taxable for federal income tax purposes as if received in
December.
o Any dividends and short-term capital gains that you receive are taxable to
you as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes.
o Any distributions of net long-term capital gains are taxable to you as
long-term capital gains for federal income tax purposes, no matter how long
you've owned shares in the Fund.
<PAGE>
11
o Capital gains distributions may vary considerably from year to year as a
result of the Fund's normal investment activities and cash flows.
o A sale or exchange of Fund shares is a taxable event. This means that you
may have a capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as
a deduction, when you complete your federal income tax return.
o Dividend and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your
gains or losses from any sale or exchange of Fund shares, may be subject to
state and local income taxes.
o The Fund may be subject to foreign taxes or foreign tax withholding on
dividends, interest and some capital gains that it receives on foreign
securities. You may qualify for an offsetting credit or deduction under
U.S. tax laws for your portion of the Fund's foreign tax obligations,
provided that you meet certain requirements. See your tax adviser or IRS
Publications for more information.
GENERAL INFORMATION
BACKUP WITHHOLDING. By law, Vanguard must withhold 31% of any taxable
distributions or redemptions from your account if you do not:
o provide us withyour correct taxpayer identification number;
o certify that the taxpayeridentification number is correct; and
o confirm that you are not subject tobackup withholding.
Similarly, Vanguard must withhold from your account if the IRS instructs us to
do so.
FOREIGN INVESTORS. The Vanguard funds generally do not offer their shares for
sale outside of the United States. Foreign investors should be aware that U.S.
withholding and estate taxes may apply to any investments in Vanguard funds.
INVALID ADDRESSES. If a dividend or capital gains distribution check mailed to
your address of record is returned as undeliverable, Vanguard will automatically
reinvest all future distributions until you provide us with a valid mailing
address.
TAX CONSEQUENCES. This prospectus provides general tax information only. If you
are investing through a tax-deferred retirement account, such as an IRA, special
tax rules apply. Please consult your tax adviser for detailed information about
a fund's tax consequences for you.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PLAIN TALK ABOUT
DISTRIBUTIONS
As a shareholder, you are entitled to your share of the fund's income from
interest and dividends, and gains from the sale of investments. You receive
such earnings as either an income dividend or a capital gains distribution.
Income dividends come from both the dividends that the fund earns from its
holdings and the interest it receives from its money market and bond
investments. Capital gains are realized whenever the fund sells securities for
higher prices than it paid for them. These capital gains are either short-term
or long-term, depending on whether the fund held the securities for one year or
less, or more than one year.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<PAGE>
12
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PLAIN TALK ABOUT
"BUYING A DIVIDEND"
Unless you are investing through a tax-deferred retirement account (such as an
IRA), it is not to your advantage to buy shares of a fund shortly before it
makes a distribution, because doing so can cost you money in taxes. This is
known as "buying a dividend." For example: On December 15, you invest $5,000,
buying 250 shares for $20 each. If the fund pays a distribution of $1 per share
on December 16, its share price would drop to $19 (not counting market change).
You still have only $5,000 (250 shares x $19 = $4,750 in share value, plus 250
shares x $1 = $250 in distributions), but you owe tax on the $250 distribution
you received--even if you reinvest it in more shares. To avoid "buying a
dividend," check a fund's distribution schedule before you invest.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SHARE PRICE
The Fund's share price, called its net asset value, or NAV, is calculated each
business day after the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange
(the NAV is not calculated on holidays or other days when the Exchange is
closed). Net asset value per share is computed by adding up the total value of
the Fund's investments and other assets, subtracting any of its liabilities
(debts), and then dividing by the number of Fund shares outstanding:
TOTAL ASSETS - LIABILITIES
NET ASSET VALUE = -------------------------------
NUMBER OF SHARES OUTSTANDING
Knowing the daily net asset value is useful to you as a shareholder because
it indicates the current value of your investment. The Fund's NAV multiplied by
the number of shares you own gives you the dollar amount you would have received
had you sold all of your shares back to the Fund that day. Because foreign
securities markets may operate on days which are not business days in the United
States, the value of the Fund's holdings may change on days when shareholders
will not be able to purchase or redeem the Fund's shares.
A NOTE ON PRICING: The Fund's investments will be priced at their market
value when market quotations are readily available. When these quotations are
not readily available, investments will be priced at their fair value,
calculated according to procedures adopted by the Fund's Board of Trustees. The
Fund also may use fair value pricing if the value of a security held by the Fund
is materially affected by events occurring after the close of the primary
markets or exchanges on which such security is traded. In these situations,
prices used by the Fund to calculate its net asset value may differ from quoted
or published prices for the securities.
The Fund's share price can be found daily in the mutual fund listings of
most major newspapers under the heading "Vanguard Funds." Different newspapers
use different abbreviations of the Fund's name, but the most common is INTLVAL.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The following financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the
Fund's financial performance for the past five years, and certain information
reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the
table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each year on
an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividend and capital
gains distributions). This information has been derived from the
<PAGE>
13
financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent
accountants, whose report--along with the Fund's financial statements--is
included in the Fund's most recent annual report to shareholders. You may have
the annual report sent to you without charge by contacting Vanguard.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PLAIN TALK ABOUT
HOW TO READ THE FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS TABLE
The Fund began fiscal 1999 with a net asset value (price) of $25.09 per share.
During the year, the Fund earned $0.69 per share from investment income
(interest and dividends) and $4.74 per share from investments that had
appreciated in value or that were sold for higher prices than the Fund paid for
them.
Shareholders received $1.39 per share in the form of dividend and capital gains
distributions. A portion of each year's distributions may come from the prior
year's income or capital gains.
The earnings ($5.43 per share) minus the distributions ($1.39 per share)
resulted in a share price of $29.13 at the end of the year. This was an
increase of $4.04 per share (from $25.09 at the beginning of the year to $29.13
at the end of the year). For a shareholder who reinvested the distributions in
the purchase of more shares, the total return from the Fund was 21.81% for the
year.
As of December 31, 1999, the Fund had $105 billion in net assets. For the year,
its expense ratio was 0.59% ($5.90 per $1,000 of net assets); and net
investment income amounted to 2.54% of its average net assets. It sold and
replaced securities valued at 41% of its net assets.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VANGUARD INTERNATIONAL VALUE FUND
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997 1996 1995
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF YEAR $25.09 $22.64 $27.54 $31.11 $31.48
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVESTMENT OPERATIONS
Net Investment Income .69 .77 .690 .82 .750
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain(Loss) on
Investments 4.74 3.64 (1.945) 2.20 2.185
------------------------------------------------------------
Total from Investment Operations 5.43 4.41 (1.255) 3.02 2.935
------------------------------------------------------------
DISTRIBUTIONS
Dividends from Net Investment Income (.66) (1.06) (.690) (.82) (.790)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains (.73) (.90) (2.955) (5.77) (2.515)
------------------------------------------------------------
Total Distributions (1.39) (1.96) (3.645) (6.59) (3.305)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NET ASSET VALUE, ENDOF YEAR $29.13 $25.09 $22.64 $27.54 $31.11
==========================================================================================================
TOTAL RETURN 21.81% 19.46% -4.58% 10.22% 9.65%
==========================================================================================================
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
Net Assets, End of Year (Millions) $1,045 $806 $777 $917 $988
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average
Net Assets 0.59% 0.52% 0.49% 0.50% 0.47%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to
Average Net Assets 2.54% 2.77% 2.36% 2.50% 2.29%
Turnover Rate 41% 39% 37% 82% 47%
==========================================================================================================
</TABLE>
"Standard & Poor's(R)," "S&P(R)," "S&P 500(R)," "Standard & Poor's 500," and
"500" are trademarks of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
<PAGE>
14
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVESTING WITH VANGUARD
Are you looking for the most convenient way to open or add money to a Vanguard
account? Obtain instant access to fund information? Establish an account for a
minor child or for your retirement savings?
Vanguard can help. Our goal is to make it easy and pleasant for you to do
business with us.
The following sections of the prospectus briefly explain the many services we
offer. Booklets providing detailed information are available on the services
marked with a [BOOKLET] . Please call us to request copies.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SERVICES AND ACCOUNT FEATURES
Vanguard offers many services that make it convenient to buy, sell, or exchange
shares, or to obtain fund or account information.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TELEPHONE REDEMPTIONS (SALES AND EXCHANGES)
Automatically set up for this Fund unless you notify us otherwise.
Note: Limitations do apply; see page 19.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VANGUARD(R) DIRECT DEPOSIT SERVICE [BOOKLET]
Automatic method for depositing your paycheck or U.S. government payment
(including Social Security and government pension checks) into your account.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VANGUARD(R) AUTOMATIC EXCHANGE SERVICE [BOOKLET]
Automatic method for moving a fixed amount of money from one Vanguard fund
account to another.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VANGUARD FUND EXPRESS(R)[BOOKLET]
Electronic method for buying or selling shares. You can transfer money between
your Vanguard fund account and an account at your bank, savings and loan, or
credit union on a systematic schedule or whenever you wish.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VANGUARD DIVIDEND EXPRESS(TM)[BOOKLET]
Electronic method for transferring dividend and/or capital gains distributions
directly from your Vanguard fund account to your bank, savings and loan, or
credit union account.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VANGUARD TELE-ACCOUNT(R) 1-800-662-6273 (ON-BOARD)[BOOKLET]
Toll-free 24-hour access to Vanguard fund and account information--as well as
some transactions--by using any touch-tone phone. Tele-Account provides total
return, share price, price change, and yield quotations for all Vanguard funds;
gives your account balances and history (e.g., last transaction, latest dividend
distribution); and allows you to sell or exchange shares to and from most
Vanguard funds.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACCESS VANGUARD(TM) www.vanguard.com [COMPUTER]
You can use your personal computer to perform certain transactions for most
Vanguard funds by accessing our website. To establish this service, you must
register through our website. We will then mail you an account access password
that allows you to process the following financial and administrative
transactions online:
o Open a new account.*
o Buy, sell, or exchange shares of most funds.
o Change your name/address.
<PAGE>
15
o Add/change fund options (including dividend options, Vanguard Fund Express,
bank instructions, checkwriting, and Vanguard Automatic Exchange Service).
(Some restrictions may apply.) Please call our Client Services Department for
assistance.
*Only current Vanguard shareholders can open a new account online, by exchanging
shares from other existing Vanguard accounts.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVESTOR INFORMATION DEPARTMENT: 1-800-662-7447 (SHIP) TEXT TELEPHONE:
1-800-952-3335
Call Vanguard for information on our funds, fund services, and retirement
accounts, and to request literature.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CLIENT SERVICES DEPARTMENT: 1-800-662-2739 (CREW) TEXT TELEPHONE: 1-800-749-7273
Call Vanguard for information on your account, account transactions, and account
statements.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SERVICES FOR CLIENTS OF VANGUARD'S INSTITUTIONAL DIVISION: 1-888-809-8102
Vanguard's Institutional Division offers a variety of specialized services for
large institutional investors, including the ability to effect account
transactions through private electronic networks and third-party recordkeepers.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TYPES OF ACCOUNTS
Individuals and institutions can establish a variety of accounts with Vanguard.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FOR ONE OR MORE PEOPLE
Open an account in the name of one (individual) or more (joint tenants) people.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FOR HOLDING PERSONAL TRUST ASSETS [BOOKLET]
Invest assets held in an existing personal trust.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FOR INDIVIDUAL RETIREMENT ACCOUNTS [BOOKLET]
Open a traditional IRA account or a Roth IRA account. Eligibility and other
requirements are established by federal law and Vanguard custodial account
agreements. For more information, please call 1-800-662-7447 (SHIP).
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FOR AN ORGANIZATION [BOOKLET]
Open an account as a corporation, partnership, endowment, foundation, or other
entity.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FOR THIRD-PARTY TRUSTEE RETIREMENT INVESTMENTS
Open an account as a retirement trust or plan based on an existing corporate or
institutional plan. These accounts are established by the trustee of the
existing plan.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VANGUARD PROTOTYPE PLANS
Open a variety of retirement accounts using Vanguard prototype plans for
individuals, sole proprietorships, and small businesses. For more information,
please call 1-800-662-2003.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A NOTE ON INVESTING WITH VANGUARD THROUGH OTHER FIRMS
You may purchase or sell Fund shares through a financial intermediary such as a
bank, broker, or investment adviser. If you invest with Vanguard through an
intermediary, please read that firm's program materials carefully to learn of
any special rules that may apply. For example, special terms may apply to
additional service features, fees, or other policies. Consult your intermediary
to determine when your order will be priced.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<PAGE>
16
BUYING SHARES
You buy your shares at the Fund's next-determined net asset value after Vanguard
receives your request. As long as your request is received before the close of
regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange, generally 4 p.m. Eastern time,
you will buy your shares at that day's net asset value.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MINIMUM INVESTMENT TO . . .
open a new account
$3,000 (regular account); $1,000 (traditional IRAs and Roth IRAs).
add to an existing account
$100 by mail or exchange; $1,000 by wire.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A NOTE ON LOW BALANCES
The Fund reserves the right to close any nonretirement fund account whose
balance falls below the minimum initial investment. The Fund will deduct a $10
annual fee in June if your nonretirement account balance at that time is below
$2,500. The low balance fee is waived for investors who have aggregate Vanguard
account assets of $50,000 or more.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BY MAIL TO . . . [ENVELOPE]
open a new account
Complete and sign the account registration form and enclose your check.
add to an existing account
Mail your check with an Invest-By-Mail form detached from your confirmation
statement to the address listed on the form. Please do not alter Invest-By-Mail
forms, since they are fund- and account-specific.
Make your check payable to: The Vanguard Group-46
All purchases must be made in U.S. dollars, and checks must be drawn on U.S.
banks.
First-class mail to: Express or Registered mail to:
The Vanguard Group The Vanguard Group
P.O. Box 1110 455 Devon Park Drive
Valley Forge, PA 19482-1110 Wayne, PA 19087-1815
For clients of Vanguard's Institutional Division . . .
First-class mail to: Express or Registered mail to:
The Vanguard Group The Vanguard Group
P.O. Box 2900 455 Devon Park Drive
Valley Forge, PA 19482-2900 Wayne, PA 19087-1815
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IMPORTANT NOTE: To prevent check fraud, Vanguard will not accept checks made
payable to third parties.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BY TELEPHONE TO . . .[TELEPHONE]
open a new account
Call Vanguard Tele-Account* 24 hours a day--or Client Services during business
hours--to exchange from another Vanguard fund account with the same registration
(name, address, taxpayer identification number, and account type). (Note that
some restrictions apply to index fund accounts.)
<PAGE>
17
add to an existing account
Call Vanguard Tele-Account* 24 hours a day--or Client Services during business
hours--to exchange from another Vanguard fund account with the same registration
(name, address, taxpayer identification number, and account type). (Note that
some restrictions apply to index fund accounts.) Use Vanguard Fund Express (see
"Services and Account Features") to transfer assets from your bank account. Call
Client Services before your first use to verify that this option is available.
Vanguard Tele-Account Client Services
1-800-662-6273 1-800-662-2739
*You must obtain a Personal Identification Number (PIN) through Tele-Account at
least seven days before you request your first exchange.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IMPORTANT NOTE: Once you have initiated a telephone transaction and a
confirmation number has been assigned, the transaction cannot be revoked. We
reserve the right to refuse any purchase request.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BY WIRE TO OPEN A NEW ACCOUNT OR ADD TO AN EXISTING ACCOUNT [WIRE]
Call Client Services to arrange your wire transaction. Wire transactions to
retirement accounts are only available for asset transfers and rollovers from
other financial institutions. Individual IRA contributions will not be accepted
by wire.
Wire to:
FRB ABA 021001088
HSBC Bank USA
For credit to:
Account: 000112046
Vanguard Incoming Wire Account
In favor of:
Vanguard International Value Fund-46
[Account number, or temporary number for a new account]
[Registered account owner(s)]
[Registered address]
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You can redeem (that is, sell or exchange) shares purchased by check or Vanguard
Fund Express at any time. However, while your redemption request will be
processed at the next-determined net asset value after it is received, your
redemption proceeds will not be available until payment for your purchase is
collected, which may take up to ten calendar days.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A NOTE ON LARGE PURCHASES
It is important that you call Vanguard before you invest a large dollar amount.
It is our responsibility to consider the interests of all Fund shareholders, and
so we reserve the right to refuse any purchase that may disrupt the Fund's
operation or performance.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<PAGE>
18
REDEEMING SHARES
This section describes how you can redeem--that is, sell or exchange--the Fund's
shares.
When Selling Shares:
o Vanguard sends the redemption proceeds to you or a designated third party.*
o You can sell all or part of your Fund shares at any time.
*May require a signature guarantee; see footnote on page 20.
When Exchanging Shares:
o The redemption proceeds are used to purchase shares of a different Vanguard
fund.
o You must meet the receiving fund's minimum investment requirements.
o Vanguard reserves the right to revise or terminate the exchange privilege,
limit the amount of an exchange, or reject an exchange at any time, without
notice.
o In order to exchange into an account with a different registration
(including a different name, address, or taxpayer identification number),
you must include the guaranteed signatures of all current account owners on
your written instructions.
In both cases, your transaction will be based on the Fund's next-determined
share price, subject to any special rules discussed in this prospectus.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTE: Once a redemption is initiated and a confirmation number given, the
transaction CANNOT be canceled.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HOW TO REQUEST A REDEMPTION
You can request a redemption from your Fund account in any one of three ways:
online, by telephone, or by mail.
The Vanguard funds whose shares you cannot exchange online or by telephone
are:
VANGUARD U.S. STOCK INDEX FUNDS, VANGUARD BALANCED INDEX FUND, VANGUARD
INTERNATIONAL STOCK INDEX FUNDS, VANGUARD REIT INDEX FUND, and VANGUARD GROWTH
AND INCOME FUND. These funds do, however, permit online and telephone exchanges
within IRAs and other retirement accounts. If you sell shares of these funds
online, you will receive a redemption check at your address of record.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ONLINE REQUESTS [COMPUTER]
ACCESS VANGUARD at www.vanguard.com
You can use your personal computer to sell or exchange shares of most Vanguard
funds by accessing our website. To establish this service, you must register
through our website. We will then mail you an account access password that will
enable you to sell or exchange shares online (as well as perform other
transactions).
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TELEPHONE REQUESTS [PHONE]
All Account Types Except Retirement:
Call Vanguard Tele-Account 24 hours a day--or Client Services during business
hours--to sell or exchange shares. You can exchange shares from this Fund to
open an account in another Vanguard fund or to add to an existing Vanguard fund
account with an identical registration.
Retirement Accounts:
You can exchange--but not sell--shares by calling Tele-Account or Client
Services.
Vanguard Tele-Account Client Services
1-800-662-6273 1-800-662-2739
<PAGE>
19
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SPECIAL INFORMATION: We will automatically establish the telephone redemption
option for your account, unless you instruct us otherwise in writing. While
telephone redemption is easy and convenient, this account feature involves a
risk of loss from unauthorized or fraudulent transactions. Vanguard will take
reasonable precautions to protect your account from fraud. You should do the
same by keeping your account information private and immediately reviewing any
account statements that we send to you. Make sure to contact Vanguard
immediately about any transaction you believe to be unauthorized.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
We reserve the right to refuse a telephone redemption if the caller is unable to
provide:
o The ten-digit account number.
o The name and address exactly as registered on the account.
o The primary Social Security or employer identification number as registered
on the account.
o The Personal Identification Number (PIN), if applicable (for instance,
Tele-Account).
Please note that Vanguard will not be responsible for any account losses
due to telephone fraud, so long as we have taken reasonable steps to verify the
caller's identity. If you wish to remove the telephone redemption feature from
your account, please notify us in writing.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A NOTE ON UNUSUAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Vanguard reserves the right to revise or terminate the telephone redemption
privilege at any time, without notice. In addition, Vanguard can stop selling
shares or postpone payment at times when the New York Stock Exchange is closed
or under any emergency circumstances as determined by the U.S. Securities and
Exchange Commission. If you experience difficulty making a telephone redemption
during periods of drastic economic or market change, you can send us your
request by regular or express mail. Follow the instructions on selling or
exchanging shares by mail in this section.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MAIL REQUESTS [ENVELOPE]
All Account Types Except Retirement:
Send a letter of instruction signed by all registered account holders. Include
the fund name and account number and (if you are selling) a dollar amount or
number of shares OR (if you are exchanging) the name of the fund you want to
exchange into and a dollar amount or number of shares. To exchange into an
account with a different registration (including a different name, address,
taxpayer identification number, or account type), you must provide Vanguard with
written instructions that include the guaranteed signatures of all current
owners of the fund from which you wish to redeem.
Vanguard Retirement Accounts:
For information on how to request distributions from:
o Traditional IRAs and Roth IRAs--call Client Services.
o SEP-IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs, 403(b)(7) custodial accounts, and Profit-Sharing and
Money Purchase Pension (Keogh) Plans--call Individual Retirement Plans at
1-800-662-2003.
Depending on your account registration type, additional documentation may be
required.
<PAGE>
20
First-class mail to: Express or Registered mail to:
The Vanguard Group The Vanguard Group
P.O. Box 1110 455 Devon Park Drive
Valley Forge, PA 19482-1110 Wayne, PA 19087-1815
For clients of Vanguard's Institutional Division . . .
First-class mail to: Express or Registered mail to:
The Vanguard Group The Vanguard Group
P.O. Box 2900 455 Devon Park Drive
Valley Forge, PA 19482-2900 Wayne, PA 19087-1815
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A NOTE ON LARGE REDEMPTIONS
It is important that you call Vanguard before you redeem a large dollar amount.
It is our responsibility to consider the interests of all fund shareholders, and
so we reserve the right to delay delivery of your redemption proceeds--up to
seven days--if the amount may disrupt the Fund's operation or performance.
If you redeem more than $250,000 worth of Fund shares within any 90-day
period, the Fund reserves the right to pay part or all of the redemption
proceeds above $250,000 in-kind, i.e., in securities, rather than in cash. If
payment is made in-kind, you may incur brokerage commissions if you elect to
sell the securities for cash.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPTIONS FOR REDEMPTION PROCEEDS
You may receive your redemption proceeds in one of three ways: check, exchange
to another Vanguard fund, or Fund Express redemption.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHECK REDEMPTIONS
Normally, Vanguard will mail your check within two business days of a
redemption.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXCHANGE REDEMPTIONS
As described above, an exchange involves using the proceeds of your redemption
to purchase shares of another Vanguard fund.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FUND EXPRESS REDEMPTIONS
Vanguard will electronically transfer funds to your pre-linked checking or
savings account.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FOR OUR MUTUAL PROTECTION
For your best interests and ours, Vanguard applies these additional requirements
to redemptions:
REQUEST IN "GOOD ORDER"
All redemption requests must be received by Vanguard in "good order." This means
that your request must include:
o The Fund name and account number.
o The amount of the transaction (in dollars or shares).
o Signatures of all owners exactly as registered on the account (for mail
requests).
o Signature guarantees (if required).*
o Any supporting legal documentation that may be required. n Any outstanding
certificates representing shares to be redeemed.
*For instance, a signature guarantee must be provided by all registered account
shareholders when redemption proceeds are to be sent to a different person or
address. A signature guarantee can be obtained from most commercial and savings
banks, credit unions, trust companies, or member firms of a U.S. stock
exchange.
<PAGE>
21
TRANSACTIONS ARE PROCESSED AT THE NEXT-DETERMINED SHARE PRICE AFTER VANGUARD HAS
RECEIVED ALL REQUIRED INFORMATION.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LIMITS ON ACCOUNT ACTIVITY
Because excessive account transactions can disrupt management of the Fund and
increase the Fund's costs for all shareholders, Vanguard limits account activity
as follows:
o You may make no more than TWO SUBSTANTIVE "ROUND TRIPS" THROUGH THE FUND
during any 12-month period.
o Your round trips through the Fund must be at least 30 days apart.
o The Fund may refuse a share purchase at any time, for any reason.
o Vanguard may revoke an investor's telephone exchange privilege at any time,
for any reason.
A "round trip" is a redemption from the Fund followed by a purchase back into
the Fund. Also, a "round trip" covers transactions accomplished by any
combination of methods, including transactions conducted by check, wire, or
exchange to/from another Vanguard fund. "Substantive" means a dollar amount that
Vanguard determines, in its sole discretion, could adversely affect the
management of the Fund.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RETURN YOUR SHARE CERTIFICATES
Any portion of your account represented by share certificates cannot be redeemed
until you return the certificates to Vanguard. Certificates must be returned
(unsigned), along with a letter requesting the sale or exchange you wish to
process, via certified mail to:
The Vanguard Group
455 Devon Park Drive
Wayne, PA 19087-1815
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ALL TRADES ARE FINAL
Vanguard will not cancel any transaction request (including any purchase or
redemption) that we believe to be authentic once the request has been initiated
and a confirmation number assigned.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNCASHED CHECKS
Please cash your distribution or redemption checks promptly. Vanguard will not
pay interest on uncashed checks.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TRANSFERRING REGISTRATION
You can transfer the registration of your Fund shares to another owner by
completing a transfer form and sending it to Vanguard.
First-class mail to: Express or Registered mail to:
The Vanguard Group The Vanguard Group
P.O. Box 1110 455 Devon Park Drive
Valley Forge, PA 19482-1110 Wayne, PA 19087-1815
For clients of Vanguard's Institutional Division . . .
First-class mail to: Express or Registered mail to:
The Vanguard Group The Vanguard Group
P.O. Box 2900 455 Devon Park Drive
Valley Forge, PA 19482-2900 Wayne, PA 19087-1815
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<PAGE>
22
FUND AND ACCOUNT UPDATES
STATEMENTS AND REPORTS
We will send you account and tax statements to help you keep track of your Fund
account throughout the year as well as when you are preparing your income tax
returns.
In addition, you will receive financial reports about the Fund twice a
year. These comprehensive reports include an assessment of the Fund's
performance (and a comparison to its industry benchmark), an overview of the
financial markets, a report from the advisers, and the Fund's financial
statements which include a listing of the Fund's holdings.
To keep the Fund's costs as low as possible (so that you and other
shareholders can keep more of the Fund's investment earnings), Vanguard attempts
to eliminate duplicate mailings to the same address. When two or more Fund
shareholders have the same last name and address, we send just one Fund report
to that address--instead of mailing separate reports to each shareholder. If you
want us to send separate reports, notify our Client Services Department at
1-800-662-2739.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONFIRMATION STATEMENT
Sent each time you buy, sell, or exchange shares; confirms the trade date and
the amount of your transaction.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PORTFOLIO SUMMARY [BOOK]
Mailed quarterly for most accounts; shows the market value of your account at
the close of the statement period, as well as distributions, purchases, sales,
and exchanges for the current calendar year.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FUND FINANCIAL REPORTS
Mailed in February and August for this Fund.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TAX STATEMENTS
Generally mailed in January; report previous year's dividend and capital gains
distributions, proceeds from the sale of shares, and distributions from IRAs or
other retirement accounts.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AVERAGE COST REVIEW STATEMENT [BOOK]
Issued quarterly for most taxable accounts (accompanies your Portfolio Summary);
shows the average cost of shares that you redeemed during the calendar year,
using only the average cost single category method.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<PAGE>
(THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.)
<PAGE>
(THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.)
<PAGE>
GLOSSARY OF INVESTMENT TERMS
CAPITAL GAINS DISTRIBUTION
Payment to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that the
fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.
CASH RESERVES
Cash deposits, short-term bank deposits, and money market instruments which
include U.S. Treasury bills, bank certificates of deposit (CDs), repurchase
agreements, commercial paper, and banker's acceptances.
COMMON STOCK
A security representing ownership rights in a corporation. A stockholder is
entitled to share in the company's profits, some of which may be paid out as
dividends.
COUNTRY RISK
The chance that domestics events--such as political upheaval, financial
troubles, or a natural disaster-- will weaken a country's economy.
CURRENCY RISK
The chance that a foreign investment will decrease in value because of
unfavorable currency exchange rates.
DIVIDEND INCOME
Payment to shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a
fund's investments.
EXPENSE RATIO
The percentage of a fund's average net assets used to pay its expenses. The
expense ratio includes management fees, administrative fees, and any 12b-1
distribution fees.
FUND DIVERSIFICATION
Holding a variety of securities so that a fund's return is not badly hurt by the
poor performance of a single security, industry, or country.
GROWTH STOCK FUND
A mutual fund that emphasizes stocks of companies believed to have above-average
prospects for growth. Reflecting market expectations for superior growth, these
stocks typically have low dividend yields and above-average prices in relation
to such factors as revenue, earnings, and book value.
INTERNATIONAL STOCK FUND
A mutual fund that invests in the stocks of companies located outside the United
States.
INVESTMENT ADVISER
An organization that makes the day-to-day decisions regarding a fund's
investments.
NET ASSET VALUE (NAV)
The market value of a mutual fund's total assets, minus liabilities, divided by
the number of shares outstanding. The value of a single share is called its
share value or share price.
PRICE/EARNINGS (P/E) RATIO
The current share price of a stock, divided by its per-share earnings (profits)
from the past year. A stock selling for $20, with earnings of $2 per share, has
a price/earnings ratio of 10.
PRINCIPAL
The amount of money you put into an investment.
TOTAL RETURN
A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund's net asset
value, with the ending net asset value adjusted to account for the reinvestment
of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.
VALUE STOCK FUND
A mutual fund that emphasizes stocks of companies whose growth prospects are
generally regarded as subpar by the market. Reflecting these market
expectations, the prices of value stocks typically are below-average in
comparison with such factors as earnings and book value, and these stocks
typically have above-average dividend yields.
VOLATILITY
The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a
fund's volatility, the wider the fluctuations between its high and low prices.
YIELD
Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a
percentage of the investment's price.
<PAGE>
[SHIP LOGO]
[THE VANGUARD GROUP(R) LOGO]
Post Office Box 2600
Valley Forge, PA 19482-2600
FOR MORE INFORMATION
If you'd like more information about
Vanguard International Value Fund,
the following documents are
available free upon request:
ANNUAL/SEMIANNUAL REPORTS
TO SHAREHOLDERS
Additional information about the
Fund's investments is available in
the Fund's annual and semiannual
reports to shareholders.
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION (SAI)
The SAI provides more detailed
information about the Fund.
The current annual and semiannual
reports and the SAI are
incorporated by reference into
(and are thus legally a part of)
this prospectus.
To receive a free copy of the latest
annual or semiannual report or the
SAI, or to request additional
information about the Fund or other
Vanguard funds, please contact us
as follows:
THE VANGUARD GROUP
INVESTOR INFORMATION
DEPARTMENT
P.O. BOX 2600
VALLEY FORGE, PA 19482-2600
TELEPHONE:
1-800-662-7447 (SHIP)
TEXT TELEPHONE:
1-800-952-3335
WORLD WIDE WEB:
WWW.VANGUARD.COM
If you are a current Fund shareholder
and would like information about
your account, account transactions,
and/or account statements,
please call:
CLIENT SERVICES DEPARTMENT
TELEPHONE:
1-800-662-2739 (CREW)
TEXT TELEPHONE:
1-800-662-2738
INFORMATION PROVIDED BY THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION (SEC)
You can review and copy
information about the Fund
(including the SAI) at the SEC's
Public Reference Room in
Washington, DC. To find out more
about this public service, call the
SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Reports and
other information about the Fund are
also available on the SEC's website
(www.sec.gov), or you can receive
copies of this information, for a fee,
by writing the Public Reference
Section, Securities and Exchange
Commission, Washington, DC
20549-0102.
Fund's Investment Company Act
file number: 811-2968
(C) 2000 The Vanguard Group, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Vanguard Marketing Corporation,
Distributor.
P046N-04/21/2000
<PAGE>
VANGUARD(R)
INTERNATIONAL VALUE
FUND
Participant Prospectus
April 21, 2000
This prospectus contains
financial data for the
Fund through the
fiscal year ended
December 31, 1999.
<PAGE>
VANGUARD INTERNATIONAL VALUE FUND
Participant Prospectus
April 21, 2000
An International Stock Mutual Fund
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONTENTS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 FUND PROFILE 10 DIVIDENDS, CAPITAL GAINS, AND TAXES
3 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 11 SHARE PRICE
3 A WORD ABOUT RISK 11 FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
4 WHO SHOULD INVEST 13 INVESTING WITH VANGUARD
4 PRIMARY INVESTMENT STRATEGIES 14 ACCESSING FUND INFORMATION BY COMPUTER
9 THE FUND AND VANGUARD GLOSSARY (inside back cover)
9 INVESTMENT ADVISER
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WHY READING THIS PROSPECTUS IS IMPORTANT
This prospectus explains the objective, risks, and strategies of Vanguard
International Value Fund. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual
fund investors, we have provided "Plain Talk(R)" explanations along the way.
Reading the prospectus will help you to decide whether the Fund is the right
investment for you. We suggest that you keep it for future reference.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IMPORTANT NOTE
This prospectus is intended for participants in employer-sponsored retirement or
savings plans. Another version--for investors who would like to open a personal
investment account--can be obtained by calling Vanguard at 1-800-662-7447.
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES
COMMISSION HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED OF THESE SECURITIES OR PASSED UPON THE
ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A
CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
<PAGE>
1
FUND PROFILE
The following profile summarizes key features of Vanguard International Value
Fund.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
The Fund seeks to provide long-term capital growth and some income.
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
The Fund invests primarily in large and medium-size companies located outside
the United States whose common stocks are considered by the Fund's adviser to be
undervalued. Such stocks, called "value" stocks, often are out of favor in
periods when investors are drawn to companies with strong prospects for growth.
The prices of value stocks therefore may be below-average in comparison to such
fundamental factors as earnings, revenue, and book-value. Such stocks often
provide an above-average dividend yield.
PRIMARY RISKS
THE FUND'S TOTAL RETURN, LIKE STOCK PRICES GENERALLY, WILL FLUCTUATE WITHIN A
WIDE RANGE, SO AN INVESTOR COULD LOSE MONEY OVER SHORT OR EVEN LONG PERIODS. The
Fund is also subject to:
o Currency risk, which is the chance investments in a particular country will
decrease in value if the U.S. dollar rises in value against that country's
currency.
o Country risk, which is the chance that domestic events--such as political
upheaval, financial troubles, or a natural disaster will weaken a country's
securities markets.
o Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from value stocks
will trail returns from other asset classes or the overall stock market.
o Manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause
the Fund to underperform other funds with similar investment objectives.
PERFORMANCE/RISK INFORMATION
The bar chart and table below provide an indication of the risk of investing in
the Fund. The bar chart shows the Fund's performance in each calendar year over
a ten-year period. The table shows how the Fund's average annual total returns
for one, five, and ten calendar years compare with those of a broad-based
securities market index. Keep in mind that the Fund's past performance does not
indicate how it will perform in the future.
----------------------------------------------------
ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS
----------------------------------------------------
During the period shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar
quarter was 20.62% (quarter ended December 31, 1998) and the lowest return for a
quarter was -18.00% (quarter ended September 30, 1990).
<PAGE>
2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 YEAR 5 YEARS 10 YEARS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vanguard International Value Fund 21.81% 10.91% 7.34%
MSCI EAFE Index* 27.30 13.15 7.33
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Morgan Stanley Capital International Europe, Australasia, Far East
Index.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEES AND EXPENSES
The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and
hold shares of the Fund. The expenses shown under Annual Fund Operating Expenses
are based upon those incurred in the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999.
SHAREHOLDER FEES (fees paid directly from your investment)
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases: None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends: None
Redemption Fee: None
Exchange Fee: None
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES (expenses deducted from the Fund's assets)
Management Expenses: 0.51%
12b-1 Distribution Fee: None
Other Expenses: 0.08%
TOTAL ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES: 0.59%
The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing
in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the
hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invest
$10,000 in the Fund. This example assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5%
a year and that operating expenses remain the same. The results apply whether or
not you redeem your investment at the end of each period.
-------------------------------------------------
1 YEAR 3 YEARS 5 YEARS 10 YEARS
-------------------------------------------------
$60 $189 $329 $738
-------------------------------------------------
THIS EXAMPLE SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED TO REPRESENT ACTUAL EXPENSES OR
PERFORMANCE FROM THE PAST OR FOR THE FUTURE. ACTUAL FUTURE EXPENSES MAY BE
HIGHER OR LOWER THAN THOSE SHOWN.
<PAGE>
3
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PLAIN TALK ABOUT
FUND EXPENSES
All mutual funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are deducted
from a fund's gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the net assets of
the fund. Vanguard International Value Fund's expense ratio in fiscal year 1999
was 0.59%, or $5.90 per $1,000 of average net assets. The average international
stock mutual fund had expenses in 1999 of 1.72%, or $17.20 per $1,000 of
average net assets (derived from data provided by Lipper Inc., which reports on
the mutual fund industry). Management expenses, which are one part of operating
expenses, include investment advisory fees as well as other costs of managing a
fund--such as account maintenance, reporting, accounting, legal, and other
administrative expenses.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PLAIN TALK ABOUT
THE COSTS OF INVESTING
Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That's because
you, as a shareholder, pay the costs of operating a fund, plus any transaction
costs associated with the fund's buying and selling of securities. These costs
can erode a substantial portion of the gross income or capital appreciation a
fund achieves. Even seemingly small differences in expenses can, over time,
have a dramatic effect on a fund's performance.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
DIVIDENDS AND CAPITAL GAINS NEWSPAPER ABBREVIATION
Distributed annually in December IntlVal
INVESTMENT ADVISER VANGUARD FUND NUMBER
Phillips & Drew (formerly known as UBS 046
International Investment London Limited),
London, England, since March 31, 1996 CUSIP NUMBER
921939203
INCEPTION DATE
May 16, 1983 TICKER SYMBOL
VTRIX
NET ASSETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1999
$1.05 billion
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
================================================================================
A WORD ABOUT RISK
This prospectus describes risks you would face as an investor in Vanguard
International Value Fund. It is important to keep in mind one of the main axioms
of investing: The higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential
reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: The lower the risk, the lower the
potential reward. As you consider an investment in the Fund, you should also
take into account your personal tolerance for the daily fluctuations of the
stock market.
Look for this [FLAG] symbol throughout the prospectus. It is used to mark
detailed information about each type of risk that you would confront as a
shareholder of the Fund.
================================================================================
<PAGE>
4
WHO SHOULD INVEST
The Fund may be a suitable investment for you if:
o You are seeking investment opportunities outside the United States.
o You wish to add a value-oriented international stock fund to your existing
holdings, which could include other stock investments as well as bond,
money market, and tax-exempt investments.
o You are willing to accept the additional risks (country risk, currency
risk, etc.) associated with international investments.
o You are seeking growth of capital over the long term--at least five
years--along with some income.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PLAIN TALK ABOUT
COSTS AND MARKET-TIMING
Some investors try to profit from market-timing--switching money into
investments when they expect prices to rise, and taking money out when they
expect the market to fall. As money is shifted in and out, a fund incurs
expenses for buying and selling securities. These costs are borne by all fund
shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs.
Therefore, the Fund discourages short-term trading by, among other things,
limiting the number of exchanges it permits.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE VANGUARD FUNDS DO NOT PERMIT MARKET-TIMING. DO NOT INVEST IN THIS FUND
IF YOU ARE A MARKET-TIMER.
The Fund has adopted the following policies, among others, to discourage
short-term trading:
o The Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request--including
exchanges from other Vanguard funds--that it regards as disruptive to the
efficient management of the Fund. A purchase request could be rejected
because of the timing of the investment or because of a history of
excessive trading by the investor.
o There is a limit on the number of times you can exchange into and out of
the Fund (see "Exchanges" in the INVESTING WITH VANGUARD section).
o The Fund reserves the right to stop offering shares at any time.
PRIMARY INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
This section explains the strategies that the investment adviser uses in pursuit
of the Fund's objective, long-term growth of capital and income. It also
explains how the adviser implements these strategies. In addition, this section
discusses several important risks--market risk, currency risk, country risk,
investment style risk, and manager risk--faced by investors in the Fund. The
Fund's Board of Trustees, which oversees the management of the Fund, may change
the Fund's investment objectives or strategies in the interest of shareholders,
without a shareholder vote.
<PAGE>
5
MARKET EXPOSURE
The Fund is a value-oriented fund that invests primarily in the common stocks of
large and medium-size non-U.S. companies. Under normal circumstances, at least
65% of the Fund's total assets will be invested in foreign stocks in at least
three different countries.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PLAIN TALK ABOUT
LARGE-CAP, MID-CAP, AND SMALL-CAP STOCKS
Stocks of publicly traded companies--and mutual funds that hold these
stocks--can be classified by the companies' market value, or capitalization.
Market capitalization changes over time, and there is no "official" definition
of the boundaries of large-, mid-, and small-cap stocks. Vanguard generally
defines large-capitalization (large-cap) funds as those holding stocks of
companies whose outstanding shares have a market value exceeding $12 billion;
mid-cap funds as those holding stocks of companies with a market value between
$1 billion and $12 billion; and small-cap funds as those typically holding
stocks of companies with a market value of less than $1 billion. Vanguard
periodically reassesses these classifications.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[FLAG] THE FUND IS SUBJECT TO STOCK MARKET RISK, WHICH IS THE CHANCE THAT STOCK
PRICES OVERALL WILL DECLINE OVER SHORT OR EVEN LONG PERIODS. STOCK MARKETS
TEND TO MOVE IN CYCLES, WITH PERIODS OF RISING PRICES AND PERIODS OF
FALLING PRICES.
IN ADDITION, INVESTMENTS IN FOREIGN STOCK MARKETS CAN BE AS RISKY AS, IF
NOT MORE RISKY THAN, U.S. STOCK INVESTMENTS. THE PRICES OF INTERNATIONAL
STOCKS AND THE PRICES OF U.S. STOCKS HAVE OFTEN MOVED IN OPPOSITE
DIRECTIONS. THESE PERIODS HAVE, IN THE PAST, LASTED FOR AS LONG AS SEVERAL
YEARS.
To illustrate the volatility of international stock prices, the following
table shows the best, worst, and average total returns for foreign stock markets
over various periods as measured by the MSCI Europe, Australasia, Far East (MSCI
EAFE) Index, a widely used barometer of international market activity. (Total
returns consist of dividend income plus change in market price.) Note that the
returns shown do not include the costs of buying and selling stocks or other
expenses that a real-world investment portfolio would incur. Note, also, that
the gap between best and worst tends to narrow over the long term.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PLAIN TALK ABOUT
THE RISKS OF INTERNATIONAL INVESTING
Because foreign stock markets operate differently from the U.S. market,
Americans investing abroad will encounter risks not typically associated with
U.S. companies. For instance, foreign companies are not subject to the same
accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards and practices as U.S.
companies; and their stock may not be as liquid as the stock of similar U.S.
companies. In addition, foreign stock exchanges, brokers, and companies
generally have less government supervision and regulation than their
counterparts in the United States. These factors, among others, could
negatively impact the returns Americans receive from a foreign investment.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<PAGE>
6
----------------------------------------------------------
INTERNATIONAL STOCK MARKET RETURNS (1969-1999)
----------------------------------------------------------
1 YEAR 5 YEARS 10 YEARS 20 YEARS
----------------------------------------------------------
Best 69.9% 36.5% 22.8% 16.3%
Worst -23.2 1.5 5.9 12.0
Average 15.2 13.6 14.5 14.7
----------------------------------------------------------
The table covers all of the 1-, 5-, 10-, and 20-year periods from 1969
through 1999. Keep in mind that this was a particularly favorable period for all
stock markets. These average returns reflect past performance on international
stocks; you should not regard them as an indication of future returns from
either foreign markets as a whole or this Fund in particular.
Note that the preceding chart does not take into account returns for
foreign stock markets as measured by the MSCI Emerging Markets Free Index, a
widely used barometer of less developed stock markets. Emerging markets can be
substantially more volatile than more developed foreign markets. In addition,
because the MSCI EAFE Index tracks the European and Pacific markets
collectively, the above returns do not reflect the variability of returns from
year to year for these markets individually, or the variability across these and
other geographic regions or market sectors. To illustrate this variability, the
following table shows returns for different international markets--as well as
the U.S. market for comparison--from 1990 through 1999, as measured by their
respective indexes. Note that the returns shown do not include the costs of
buying and selling stocks or other expenses that a real-world investment
portfolio would incur.
[FLAG] THE FUND IS SUBJECT TO CURRENCY RISK, WHICH IS THE CHANCE THAT A STRONGER
U.S. DOLLAR WILL REDUCE RETURNS FOR AMERICANS INVESTING OVERSEAS.
GENERALLY, WHEN THE DOLLAR RISES IN VALUE AGAINST ANOTHER COUNTRY'S
CURRENCY, YOUR INVESTMENT IN THAT COUNTRY LOSES VALUE BECAUSE ITS CURRENCY
IS WORTH FEWER U.S. DOLLARS. ON THE OTHER HAND, A WEAKER U.S. DOLLAR
GENERALLY LEADS TO HIGHER RETURNS FOR AMERICANS HOLDING FOREIGN
INVESTMENTS.
[FLAG] THE FUND IS SUBJECT TO COUNTRY RISK, WHICH IS THE CHANCE THAT POLITICAL
EVENTS (A WAR, NATIONAL ELECTIONS), FINANCIAL PROBLEMS (RISING INFLATION,
GOVERNMENT DEFAULT), OR NATURAL DISASTERS (AN EARTHQUAKE, A FLOOD) WILL
WEAKEN A COUNTRY'S ECONOMY AND CAUSE INVESTMENTS IN THAT COUNTRY TO LOSE
MONEY.
[FLAG] THE FUND IS SUBJECT TO INVESTMENT STYLE RISK, WHICH IS THE CHANCE THAT
RETURNS FROM VALUE STOCKS WILL TRAIL RETURNS FROM OTHER ASSET CLASSES OR
THE OVERALL STOCK MARKET. AS A GROUP, VALUE STOCKS TEND TO GO THROUGH
CYCLES OF DOING BETTER--OR WORSE--THAN COMMON STOCKS IN GENERAL. THESE
PERIODS HAVE, IN THE PAST, LASTED FOR AS LONG AS SEVERAL YEARS.
<PAGE>
7
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PLAIN TALK ABOUT
VALUE FUNDS AND GROWTH FUNDS
Value investing and growth investing are two styles employed by stock fund
managers. Value funds generally emphasize stocks of companies from which the
market does not expect strong growth. The prices of value stocks typically are
below-average in comparison to such factors as earnings and book value, and
these stocks typically have above-average dividend yields. Growth funds
generally focus on companies believed to have above-average potential for
growth in revenue and earnings. Reflecting the market's high expectations for
superior growth, such stocks typically have low dividend yields and
above-average prices in relation to such measures as revenue, earnings, and
book value. Value and growth stocks have, in the past, produced similar
long-term returns, though each category has periods when it outperforms the
other. In general, value funds are appropriate for investors who want some
dividend income and the potential for capital gains, but are less tolerant of
share-price fluctuations. Growth funds, by contrast, appeal to investors who
will accept more volatility in hopes of a greater increase in share price.
Growth funds also may appeal to investors with taxable accounts who want a
higher proportion of returns to come as capital gains (which may be taxed at
lower rates than dividend income).
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITY SELECTION
Phillips & Drew, adviser to the Fund, believes that research is the key to
selecting securities for an international stock fund. Much of this research
takes the form of on-site visits. In 1998, for instance, Phillips & Drew
investment analysts visited approximately 1,450 companies.
To be considered for Vanguard International Value Fund, a company
should--looking at its history and compared to similar companies--be cheap
statistically (that is, have an above-average yield and a relatively low price
considering its earnings, book value, and cash flow); be out of favor with
investors; and have a management that is motivated to make positive changes and
work for its shareholders.
The adviser decides whether--and how much--to invest in each country by
first determining how many of a country's companies meet Phillips & Drew's value
criteria. Other factors in Phillips & Drew's country selection process include
the size of the market and the variety of investment opportunities available
within the market.
The Fund is run by Phillips & Drew according to traditional methods of
active investment management. This means that securities are selected according
to Phillips & Drew's judgments about companies and their financial prospects,
within the context of the stock market and the economy in general. A security
will be sold when it is no longer as attractive as an alternative investment.
The Fund is generally managed without regard to tax ramifications.
[FLAG] THE FUND IS SUBJECT TO MANAGER RISK, WHICH IS THE CHANCE THAT THE ADVISER
WILL DO A POOR JOB OF SELECTING STOCKS.
TURNOVER RATE
Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it retains the
right to sell securities regardless of how long the securities have been held.
The Fund's average turnover rate for the past five years has been about 49%. (A
turnover rate of 100% would occur, for example, if the Fund sold and replaced
securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period.)
<PAGE>
8
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PLAIN TALK ABOUT
TURNOVER RATE
Before investing in a mutual fund, you should review its turnover rate. This
gives an indication of how transaction costs could affect the fund's future
returns. In general, the greater the volume of buying and selling by the fund,
the greater the impact that brokerage commissions and other transaction costs
will have on its return. Also, funds with high turnover rates may be more
likely to generate capital gains that must be distributed to shareholders as
income subject to taxes. As of December 31, 1999, the average turnover rate for
all international stock funds was approximately 90%, according to Morningstar,
Inc.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OTHER INVESTMENT POLICIES AND RISKS
Besides investing in stocks of foreign companies, the Fund may make certain
other kinds of investments to achieve its objective.
The Fund may enter into forward foreign currency contracts, which help
protect its holdings against unfavorable short-term changes in exchange rates. A
forward foreign currency contract is an agreement to buy or sell a country's
currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in
the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given
date. Managers of international stock funds use these contracts to guard against
sudden, unfavorable changes in U.S. dollar/foreign currency exchange rates. The
contracts will not prevent the Fund's securities from falling in value during
foreign market downswings. Phillips & Drew will use these contracts to eliminate
some of the uncertainty of foreign exchange rates--but will not speculate on
changes in the market.
The Fund may also invest, to a limited extent, in futures and options
contracts, which are traditional types of derivatives. Losses (or gains)
involving futures can sometimes be substantial--in part because a relatively
small price movement in a futures contract may result in an immediate and
substantial loss (or gain) for a fund. This Fund will not use futures for
speculative purposes or as leveraged investments that magnify the gains or
losses of an investment. The Fund's obligation to purchase securities under
futures contracts will not exceed 20% of its total assets.
The reasons for which the Fund will invest in futures and options are:
o To keep cash on hand to meet shareholder redemptions or other needs while
simulating full investment in stocks.
o To reduce the Fund's transaction costs or add value when these instruments
are favorably priced.
The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies--for
instance, by investing substantially in cash reserves--in response to
extraordinary market, economic, political, or other conditions. In doing so, the
Fund may succeed in avoiding losses but otherwise fail to achieve its investment
objective.
<PAGE>
9
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PLAIN TALK ABOUT
DERIVATIVES
A derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on (or "derived"
from) a traditional security (such as a stock or a bond), an asset (such as a
commodity like gold), or a market index (such as the S&P 500 Index). Futures
and options are derivatives that have been trading on regulated exchanges for
more than two decades. These "traditional" derivatives are standardized
contracts that can easily be bought and sold, and whose market values are
determined and published daily. It is these characteristics that differentiate
futures and options from the relatively new types of derivatives. If used for
speculation or as leveraged investments, derivatives can carry considerable
risks.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE FUND AND VANGUARD
The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group(R), a family of more than 35
investment companies with more than 100 funds holding assets worth more than
$540 billion. All of the Vanguard funds share in the expenses associated with
business operations, such as personnel, office space, equipment, and
advertising.
Vanguard also provides marketing services to the funds. Although
shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund
pays its allocated share of The Vanguard Group's marketing costs.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PLAIN TALK ABOUT
VANGUARD'S UNIQUE CORPORATE STRUCTURE
The Vanguard Group is truly a MUTUAL mutual fund company. It is owned jointly
by the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the shareholders in those
funds. Most other mutual funds are operated by for-profit management companies
that may be owned by one person, by a group of individuals, or by investors who
own the management company's stock. By contrast, Vanguard provides its services
on an "at-cost" basis, and the funds' expense ratios reflect only these costs.
No separate management company reaps profits or absorbs losses from operating
the funds.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVESTMENT ADVISER
Phillips & Drew (formerly known as UBS International Investment London Limited),
Triton Court, 14 Finsbury Square, London EC2A 1PD, founded in 1987, serves as
the Fund's investment adviser. As of December 31, 1999, Phillips & Drew managed
more than $1.6 billion in assets. Phillips & Drew manages the Fund subject to
the control of the Trustees and officers of the Fund.
Phillips & Drew's advisory fee is paid quarterly. This fee is based on
certain annual percentage rates applied to the Fund's average month-end assets
for each quarter.
In addition, Phillips & Drew's advisory fee is increased or decreased,
based on the cumulative investment performance of the Fund over a trailing
36-month period as compared to the cumulative total return of the MSCI EAFE
Index over the same period. Note that this incentive/penalty fee structure will
not be fully operable until June 30, 1999. Until then, Phillips & Drew's fee
will be calculated using certain transition rules. The
<PAGE>
10
incentive/penalty fee schedule and calculation process for the Fund are
described in the Fund's Statement of Additional Information dated April 30,
1999.
For the year ended December 31, 1999, the advisory fee paid to Phillips &
Drew represented an effective annual rate of 0.15% of the Fund's average net
assets before a decrease of 0.04% based on performance.
The Fund has authorized Phillips & Drew to choose brokers or dealers to
handle the purchase and sale of securities for the Fund, and to get the best
available price and most favorable execution from these brokers with respect to
all transactions.
In the interest of obtaining better execution of a transaction, Phillips &
Drew may at times choose brokers who charge higher commissions. If more than one
broker can obtain the best available price and favorable execution of a
transaction, then Phillips & Drew is authorized to choose a broker who, in
addition to executing the transaction, will provide research services to
Phillips & Drew or the Fund. Also, the Fund may direct Phillips & Drew to use a
particular broker for certain transactions in exchange for commission rebates or
research services provided to the Fund.
The Board of Trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change
the terms of an advisory agreement or hire a new investment adviser-- either as
a replacement for an existing adviser or as an additional adviser. Any
significant change in the Fund's advisory arrangements will be communicated to
shareholders in writing. In addition, as the Fund's sponsor and overall manager,
The Vanguard Group may provide investment advisory services to the Fund, on an
at-cost basis, at any time.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PLAIN TALK ABOUT
THE FUND'S ADVISER
The individual responsible for overseeing the implementation of Phillips &
Drew's strategy for Vanguard International Value Fund is:
WILSON PHILLIPS, CFA, Investment Manager; has worked in investment management
since 1980; has managed assets since 1981; with Phillips & Drew since 1987;
advised the Fund since 1996; B.Sc., Glasgow University.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DIVIDENDS, CAPITAL GAINS, AND TAXES
The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest
and dividends, less expenses), as well as any capital gains realized from the
sale of its holdings. Distributions generally occur in December. In addition,
the Fund may occasionally be required to make supplemental dividend or capital
gains distributions at some other time during the year.
Your dividend and capital gains distributions will be reinvested in
additional Fund shares and accumulate on a tax-deferred basis if you are
investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan. You will not
owe taxes on these distributions until you begin withdrawals from the plan. You
should consult your plan administrator, your plan's Summary Plan Description, or
your tax adviser about the tax consequences of plan withdrawals.
<PAGE>
11
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PLAIN TALK ABOUT
DISTRIBUTIONS
As a shareholder, you are entitled to your share of the fund's income from
interest and dividends, and gains from the sale of investments. You receive
such earnings as either an income dividend or a capital gains distribution.
Income dividends come from both the dividends that the fund earns from its
holdings and the interest it receives from its money market and bond
investments. Capital gains are realized whenever the fund sells securities for
higher prices than it paid for them. These capital gains are either short-term
or long-term, depending on whether the fund held the securities for one year or
less, or more than one year.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SHARE PRICE
The Fund's share price, called its net asset value, or NAV, is calculated each
business day after the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange
(the NAV is not calculated on holidays or other days when the Exchange is
closed). Net asset value per share is computed by adding up the total value of
the Fund's investments and other assets, subtracting any of its liabilities
(debts), and then dividing by the number of Fund shares outstanding:
TOTAL ASSETS - LIABILITIES
NET ASSET VALUE = ------------------------------
NUMBER OF SHARES OUTSTANDING
Knowing the daily net asset value is useful to you as a shareholder because
it indicates the current value of your investment. The Fund's NAV multiplied by
the number of shares you own gives you the dollar amount you would have received
had you sold all of your shares back to the Fund that day. Because foreign
securities markets may operate on days which are not business days in the United
States, the value of the Fund's holdings may change on days when shareholders
will not be able to purchase or redeem the Fund's shares.
A NOTE ON PRICING: The Fund's investments will be priced at their market
value when market quotations are readily available. When these quotations are
not readily available, investments will be priced at their fair value,
calculated according to procedures adopted by the Fund's Board of Trustees. The
Fund also may use fair value pricing if the value of a security held by the Fund
is materially affected by events occurring after the close of the primary
markets or exchanges on which such security is traded. In these situations,
prices used by the Fund to calculate its net asset value may differ from quoted
or published prices for the securities.
The Fund's share price can be found daily in the mutual fund listings of
most major newspapers under the heading "Vanguard Funds." Different newspapers
use different abbreviations of the Fund's name, but the most common is INTLVAL.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The following financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the
Fund's financial performance for the past five years, and certain information
reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the
table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each year on
an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividend and capital
gains distributions). This information has been derived from the financial
<PAGE>
12
statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent accountants, whose
report--along with the Fund's financial statements--is included in the Fund's
most recent annual report to shareholders. You may have the annual report sent
to you without charge by contacting Vanguard.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PLAIN TALK ABOUT
HOW TO READ THE FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS TABLE
The Fund began fiscal 1999 with a net asset value (price) of $25.09 per share.
During the year, the Fund earned $0.69 per share from investment income
(interest and dividends) and $4.74 per share from investments that had
appreciated in value or that were sold for higher prices than the Fund paid for
them.
Shareholders received $1.39 per share in the form of dividend and capital gains
distributions. A portion of each year's distributions may come from the prior
year's income or capital gains.
The earnings ($5.43 per share) minus the distributions ($1.39 per share)
resulted in a share price of $29.13 at the end of the year. This was an
increase of $4.04 per share (from $25.09 at the beginning of the year to $29.13
at the end of the year). For a shareholder who reinvested the distributions in
the purchase of more shares, the total return from the Fund was 21.81% for the
year.
As of December 31, 1999, the Fund had $1.05 billion in net assets. For the
year, its expense ratio was 0.59% ($5.90 per $1,000 of net assets); and net
investment income amounted to 2.54% of its average net assets. It sold and
replaced securities valued at 41% of its net assets.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VANGUARD INTERNATIONAL VALUE FUND
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997 1996 1995
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
NET ASSET VALUE, BEGINNING OF YEAR $25.09 $22.64 $27.54 $31.11 $31.48
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVESTMENT OPERATIONS
Net Investment Income .69 .77 .690 .82 .750
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain(Loss) on
Investments 4.74 3.64 (1.945) 2.20 2.185
------------------------------------------------------------
Total from Investment Operations 5.43 4.41 (1.255) 3.02 2.935
------------------------------------------------------------
DISTRIBUTIONS
Dividends from Net Investment Income (.66) (1.06) (.690) (.82) (.790)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains (.73) (.90) (2.955) (5.77) (2.515)
------------------------------------------------------------
Total Distributions (1.39) (1.96) (3.645) (6.59) (3.305)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NET ASSET VALUE, ENDOF YEAR $29.13 $25.09 $22.64 $27.54 $31.11
==========================================================================================================
TOTAL RETURN 21.81% 19.46% -4.58% 10.22% 9.65%
==========================================================================================================
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
Net Assets, End of Year (Millions) $1,045 $806 $777 $917 $988
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average
Net Assets 0.59% 0.52% 0.49% 0.50% 0.47%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to
Average Net Assets 2.54% 2.77% 2.36% 2.50% 2.29%
Turnover Rate 41% 39% 37% 82% 47%
==========================================================================================================
</TABLE>
"Standard & Poor's(R)," "S&P(R)," "S&P 500(R)," "Standard & Poor's 500," and
"500" are trademarks of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
<PAGE>
13
INVESTING WITH VANGUARD
The Fund is an investment option in your retirement or savings plan. Your plan
administrator or your employee benefits office can provide you with detailed
information on how to participate in your plan and how to elect the Fund as an
investment option.
o If you have any questions about the Fund or Vanguard, including those about
the Fund's investment objective, strategies, or risks, contact Vanguard's
Participant Access Center, toll-free, at 1-800-523-1188.
o If you have questions about your account, contact your plan administrator
or the organization that provides recordkeeping services for your plan.
INVESTMENT OPTIONS AND ALLOCATIONS
Your plan's specific provisions may allow you to change your investment
selections, the amount of your contributions, or how your contributions are
allocated among the investment choices available to you. Contact your plan
administrator or employee benefits office for more details.
TRANSACTIONS
Contributions, exchanges, or redemptions of the Fund's shares are processed as
soon as they have been received by Vanguard in good order. Good order means that
your request includes complete information on your contribution, exchange, or
redemption, and that Vanguard has received the appropriate assets.
In all cases, your transaction will be based on the Fund's next-determined
net asset value after Vanguard receives your request (or, in the case of new
contributions, the next- determined net asset value after Vanguard receives the
order from your plan administrator). As long as this request is received before
the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange, generally 4 p.m.
Eastern time, you will receive that day's net asset value.
EXCHANGES
The exchange privilege (your ability to redeem shares from one fund to purchase
shares of another fund) may be available to you through your plan. Although we
make every effort to maintain the exchange privilege, Vanguard reserves the
right to revise or terminate this privilege, limit the amount of an exchange or
reject any exchange, at any time, without notice. Because excessive exchanges
can potentially disrupt the management of the Fund and increase its transaction
costs, Vanguard limits participant exchange activity to no more than FOUR
SUBSTANTIVE "ROUND TRIPS" THROUGH THE FUND (at least 90 days apart) during any
12-month period. A "round trip" is a redemption from the Fund followed by a
purchase back into the Fund. "Substantive" means a dollar amount that Vanguard
determines, in its sole discretion, could adversely affect the management of the
Fund.
Before making an exchange to or from another fund available in your plan,
consider the following:
o Certain investment options, particularly funds made up of company stock or
investment contracts, may be subject to unique restrictions.
o Make sure to read that fund's prospectus. Contact Vanguard's Participant
Access Center, toll-free, at 1-800-523-1188 for a copy.
o Vanguard can accept exchanges only as permitted by your plan. Contact your
plan administrator for details on the exchange policies that apply to your
plan.
<PAGE>
14
ACCESSING FUND INFORMATION BY COMPUTER
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VANGUARD ON THE WORLD WIDE WEB www.vanguard.com
Use your personal computer to visit Vanguard's education-oriented website, which
provides timely news and information about Vanguard funds and services; an
online "university" that offers a variety of mutual fund classes; and
easy-to-use, interactive tools to help you create your own investment and
retirement strategies.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<PAGE>
(THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.)
<PAGE>
(THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.)
<PAGE>
GLOSSARY OF INVESTMENT TERMS
CAPITAL GAINS DISTRIBUTION
Payment to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that the
fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.
CASH RESERVES
Cash deposits, short-term bank deposits, and money market instruments which
include U.S. Treasury bills, bank certificates of deposit (CDs), repurchase
agreements, commercial paper, and banker's acceptances.
COMMON STOCK
A security representing ownership rights in a corporation. A stockholder is
entitled to share in the company's profits, some of which may be paid out as
dividends.
COUNTRY RISK
The chance that domestics events--such as political upheaval, financial
troubles, or a natural disaster-- will weaken a country's economy.
CURRENCY RISK
The chance that a foreign investment will decrease in value because of
unfavorable currency exchange rates.
DIVIDEND INCOME
Payment to shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a
fund's investments.
EXPENSE RATIO
The percentage of a fund's average net assets used to pay its expenses. The
expense ratio includes management fees, administrative fees, and any 12b-1
distribution fees.
FUND DIVERSIFICATION
Holding a variety of securities so that a fund's return is not badly hurt by the
poor performance of a single security, industry, or country.
GROWTH STOCK FUND
A mutual fund that emphasizes stocks of companies believed to have above-average
prospects for growth. Reflecting market expectations for superior growth, these
stocks typically have low dividend yields and above-average prices in relation
to such factors as revenue, earnings, and book value.
INTERNATIONAL STOCK FUND
A mutual fund that invests in the stocks of companies located outside the United
States.
INVESTMENT ADVISER
An organization that makes the day-to-day decisions regarding a fund's
investments.
NET ASSET VALUE (NAV)
The market value of a mutual fund's total assets, minus liabilities, divided by
the number of shares outstanding. The value of a single share is called its
share value or share price.
PRICE/EARNINGS (P/E) RATIO
The current share price of a stock, divided by its per-share earnings (profits)
from the past year. A stock selling for $20, with earnings of $2 per share, has
a price/earnings ratio of 10.
PRINCIPAL
The amount of money you put into an investment.
TOTAL RETURN
A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund's net asset
value, with the ending net asset value adjusted to account for the reinvestment
of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.
VALUE STOCK FUND
A mutual fund that emphasizes stocks of companies whose growth prospects are
generally regarded as subpar by the market. Reflecting these market
expectations, the prices of value stocks typically are below-average in
comparison with such factors as earnings and book value, and these stocks
typically have above-average dividend yields.
VOLATILITY
The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a
fund's volatility, the wider the fluctuations between its high and low prices.
YIELD
Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a
percentage of the investment's price.
<PAGE>
[SHIP LOGO]
[THE VANGUARD GROUP(R) LOGO]
Institutional Division
Post Office Box 2900
Valley Forge, PA 19482-2900
FOR MORE INFORMATION
If you'd like more information about
Vanguard International Value Fund,
the following documents are
available free upon request:
ANNUAL/SEMIANNUAL REPORTS
TO SHAREHOLDERS
Additional information about the
Fund's investments is available in
the Fund's annual and semiannual
reports to shareholders.
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION (SAI)
The SAI provides more detailed
information about the Fund.
The current annual and semiannual
reports and the SAI are
incorporated by reference into (and
are thus legally a part of)
this prospectus.
To receive a free copy of the latest
annual or semiannual report or the
SAI, or to request additional
information about the Fund or other
Vanguard funds, please contact us
as follows:
THE VANGUARD GROUP
PARTICIPANT ACCESS CENTER
P.O. BOX 2900
VALLEY FORGE, PA 19482-2900
TELEPHONE:
1-800-523-1188
TEXT TELEPHONE:
1-800-523-8004
WORLD WIDE WEB:
WWW.VANGUARD.COM
TEXT TELEPHONE:
1-800-662-2738
INFORMATION PROVIDED BY THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION (SEC)
You can review and copy
information about the Fund
(including the SAI) at the SEC's
Public Reference Room in
Washington, DC. To find out more
about this public service, call the
SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Reports and
other information about the Fund are
also available on the SEC's website
(www.sec.gov), or you can receive
copies of this information, for a fee,
by writing the Public Reference
Section, Securities and Exchange
Commission, Washington,
DC 20549-0102.
Fund's Investment Company Act
file number: 811-2968
(C) 2000 The Vanguard Group, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Vanguard Marketing Corporation,
Distributor.
I046N-04/21/2000
<PAGE>
PART B
VANGUARD TRUSTEES' EQUITY FUND
(THE TRUST)
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
APRIL 21, 2000
This Statement is not a prospectus but should be read in conjunction with the
Fund's Prospectus dated April 21, 2000. To obtain, without charge, the
Prospectus or the most recent Annual Report to Shareholders, which contains the
Fund's financial statements as hereby incorporated by reference, please call the
Investor Information Department:
1-800-662-7447
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
DESCRIPTION OF THE FUND.......................................... B-1
INVESTMENT POLICIES.............................................. B-3
SHARE PRICE...................................................... B-8
PURCHASE OF SHARES............................................... B-8
REDEMPTION OF SHARES............................................. B-9
YIELD AND TOTAL RETURN........................................... B-9
FUNDAMENTAL INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS...............................B-11
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND...........................................B-12
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES.....................................B-15
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS...........................................B-17
COMPARATIVE INDEXES..............................................B-17
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.............................................B-19
DESCRIPTION OF THE FUND
ORGANIZATION
The Trust was organized as a Maryland corporation in 1979, reorganized as a
Pennsylvania business trust in 1984, then reorganized as a Delaware business
trust in August, 1998. Prior to its reorganization as a Delaware business trust,
the Trust was known as Vanguard/Trustees' Equity Fund. The Trust is registered
with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the Commission) under
the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act) as an open-end, diversified
management investment company. It currently offers the following fund and class
of shares:
VANGUARD INTERNATIONAL VALUE FUND (THE FUND).
The Trust has the ability to offer additional funds or classes of shares.
There is no limit on the number of full and fractional shares that the Trust may
issue for a single fund or class of shares.
SERVICE PROVIDERS
CUSTODIAN. Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., 40 Water Street, Boston,
Massachusetts 02109-3661 serves as the Fund's custodian. The custodian is
responsible for maintaining the Fund's assets and keeping all necessary accounts
and records of Fund assets.
INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 30 South 17th Street,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103, serves as the Fund's independent accountants.
The accountants audit financial statements for the Fund and provide other
related services.
TRANSFER AND DIVIDEND-PAYING AGENT. The Fund's transfer agent and
dividend-paying agent is The Vanguard Group, Inc., 100 Vanguard Boulevard,
Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355.
B-1
<PAGE>
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FUND'S SHARES
RESTRICTIONS ON HOLDING OR DISPOSING OF SHARES. There are no restrictions
on the right of shareholders to retain or dispose of the Fund's shares, other
than the possible future termination of the Fund. The Fund may be terminated by
reorganization into another mutual fund or by liquidation and distribution of
the assets of the fund. Unless terminated by reorganization or liquidation, the
Fund will continue indefinitely.
SHAREHOLDER LIABILITY. The Fund is organized under Delaware law, which
provides that shareholders of a business trust are entitled to the same
limitations of personal liability as shareholders of a corporation organized
under Delaware law. Effectively, this means that a shareholder of the Fund will
not be personally liable for payment of the Fund's debts except by reason of his
or her own conduct or acts. In addition, a shareholder could incur a financial
loss on account of a Fund obligation only if the Fund itself had no remaining
assets with which to meet such obligation. We believe that the possibility of
such a situation arising is extremely remote.
DIVIDEND RIGHTS. The shareholders of a fund are entitled to receive any
dividends or other distributions declared for such fund. No shares have priority
or preference over any other shares of the same fund with respect to
distributions. Distributions will be made from the assets of a fund, and will be
paid ratably to all shareholders of the fund (or class) according to the number
of shares of such fund (or class) held by shareholders on the record date. The
amount of income dividends per share may vary between separate share classes of
the same fund based upon differences in the way that expenses are allocated
between share classes pursuant to a multiple class plan.
VOTING RIGHTS. Shareholders are entitled to vote on a matter if: (i) a
shareholder vote is required under the 1940 Act; (ii) the matter concerns an
amendment to the Declaration of Trust that would adversely affect to a material
degree the rights and preferences of the shares of any class or fund; or (iii)
the Trustees determine that it is necessary or desirable to obtain a shareholder
vote. The 1940 Act requires a shareholder vote under various circumstances,
including to elect or remove Trustees upon the written request of shareholders
representing 10% or more of the Fund's net assets, and to change any fundamental
policy of the Fund. Shareholders of the Fund receive one vote for each dollar of
net asset value owned on the record date, and a fractional vote for each
fractional dollar of net asset value owned on the record date. However, only the
shares of the fund affected by a particular matter are entitled to vote on that
matter. Voting rights are non-cumulative and cannot be modified without a
majority vote.
LIQUIDATION RIGHTS. In the event of liquidation, shareholders will be
entitled to receive a pro rata share of the Fund's net assets.
PREEMPTIVE RIGHTS. There are no preemptive rights associated with the
Fund's shares.
CONVERSION RIGHTS. There are no conversion rights associated with the
Fund's shares.
REDEMPTION PROVISIONS. The Fund's redemption provisions are described in
its current prospectus and elsewhere in this Statement of Additional
Information.
SINKING FUND PROVISIONS. The Fund has no sinking fund provisions.
CALLS OR ASSESSMENT. The Fund's shares, when issued, are fully paid and
non-assessable.
TAX STATUS OF THE FUND
The Fund intends to continue to qualify as a "regulated investment company"
under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. This special tax status means
that a fund will not be liable for federal tax on income and capital gains
distributed to shareholders. In order to preserve its tax status, the Fund must
comply with certain requirements. If it fails to meet these requirements in any
taxable year, it will be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate
rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any
distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, will be
taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. In addition, the Fund could be
required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest, and
make substantial distributions before regaining its tax status as a regulated
investment company.
B-2
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT POLICIES
The following policies supplement the investment objective and policies set
forth in the Fund's Prospectus:
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS. Under normal circumstances, at least 65% of Vanguard
International Value Fund's assets will be invested in foreign stocks in at least
three different countries. Investors should recognize that investing in foreign
companies involves certain special considerations which are not typically
associated with investing in U.S. companies.
CURRENCY RISK. Since the stocks of foreign companies are frequently
denominated in foreign currencies, and since Vanguard International Value Fund
may temporarily hold uninvested reserves in bank deposits in foreign currencies,
the Fund will be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in currency rates
and in exchange control regulations, and may incur costs in connection with
conversions between various currencies. The investment policies of Vanguard
International Value Fund permit it to enter into forward foreign currency
exchange contracts in order to hedge the Fund's holdings and commitments against
changes in the level of future currency rates. Such contracts involve an
obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date at a price
set at the time of the contract.
FEDERAL TAX TREATMENT OF NON-U.S. TRANSACTIONS. Special rules govern the
Federal income tax treatment of certain transactions denominated in terms of a
currency other than the U.S. dollar or determined by reference to the value of
one or more currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The types of transactions
covered by the special rules include the following: (i) the acquisition of, or
becoming the obligor under, a bond or other debt instrument (including, to the
extent provided in Treasury regulations, preferred stock); (ii) the accruing of
certain trade receivables and payables; and (iii) the entering into or
acquisition of any forward contract, futures contract, option and similar
financial instrument if such instrument is not marked to market. The disposition
of a currency other than the U.S. dollar by a U.S. taxpayer is also treated as a
transaction subject to the special currency rules. However, foreign
currency-related regulated futures contracts and nonequity options are generally
not subject to the special currency rules if they are or would be treated as
sold for their fair market value at year-end under the marking-to-market rules
applicable to other futures contracts unless an election is made to have such
currency rules apply. With respect to transactions covered by the special rules,
foreign currency gain or loss is calculated separately from any gain or loss on
the underlying transaction and is normally taxable as ordinary gain or loss. A
taxpayer may elect to treat as capital gain or loss foreign currency gain or
loss arising from certain identified forward contracts, futures contracts and
options that are capital assets in the hands of the taxpayer and which are not
part of a straddle. The Treasury Department issued regulations under which
certain transactions subject to the special currency rules that are part of a
"section 988 hedging transaction" (as defined in the Internal Revenue Code of
1986, as amended, and the Treasury regulations) will be integrated and treated
as a single transaction or otherwise treated consistently for purposes of the
Code. Any gain or loss attributable to the foreign currency component of a
transaction engaged in by a Fund which is not subject to the special currency
rules (such as foreign equity investments other than certain preferred stocks)
will be treated as capital gain or loss and will not be segregated from the gain
or loss on the underlying transaction. It is anticipated that some of the
non-U.S. dollar-denominated investments and foreign currency contracts Vanguard
International Value Fund may make or enter into will be subject to the special
currency rules described above.
COUNTRY RISK. As foreign companies are not generally subject to uniform
accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices comparable
to those applicable to domestic companies, there may be less publicly available
information about certain foreign companies than about domestic companies.
Securities of some foreign companies are generally less liquid and more volatile
than securities of comparable domestic companies. In particular, emerging
markets, which are countries that are becoming industrialized (also called
developing economies), can be substantially more volatile than both U.S. and
more developed foreign markets. There is generally less government supervision
and regulation of stock exchanges, brokers and listed companies than in the U.S.
In addition, with respect to certain foreign countries, there is the possibility
of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, political or social instability, or
diplomatic developments which could affect U.S. investments in those countries.
Although the Fund will endeavor to achieve most favorable execution costs
in its portfolio transactions, fixed commissions on many foreign stock exchanges
are generally higher than negotiated commissions on U.S. exchanges. In addition,
it is expected that the expenses for
B-3
<PAGE>
custodian arrangements of the Fund's foreign securities will be somewhat greater
than the expenses for the custodian arrangements for handling the U.S. Fund's
securities of equal value.
Certain foreign governments levy withholding taxes against dividend and
interest income. Although in some countries a portion of these taxes is
recoverable, the non-recovered portion of foreign withholding taxes will reduce
the income received from the companies comprising Vanguard International Value
Fund.
FOREIGN TAX CREDIT. Foreign governments may withhold taxes on dividends and
interest paid with respect to foreign securities. Foreign governments may also
impose taxes on other payments or gains with respect to foreign securities. If,
at the close of its fiscal year, more than 50% of a fund's total assets are
invested in securities of foreign issuers, the fund may elect to pass through
foreign taxes paid, and thereby allow shareholders to take a tax credit or
deduction on their tax returns. If shareholders meet certain holding period
requirements with respect to fund shares, an offsetting tax credit may be
available. If shareholders do not meet the holding period requirements, they may
still be entitled to a deduction for certain foreign taxes. In either case, a
shareholder's tax statement will show more taxable income or capital gains than
were actually distributed by the fund, but will also show the amount of the
available offsetting credit or deduction.
A shareholder that is a nonresident alien for U.S. tax purposes may be
subject to adverse U.S. tax consequences. For example, dividends and short-term
capital gains paid by the fund will generally be subject to U.S. federal
withholding tax at a rate of 30% (or lower treaty rate if applicable). Foreign
investors are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding the U.S. tax
treatment of ownership of shares in the Fund.
FUTURES CONTRACTS. The Fund may enter into futures contracts, options,
options on futures contracts and foreign currency futures contracts for several
reasons: to maintain cash reserves while remaining fully invested, to facilitate
trading, to reduce transaction costs, or to seek higher investment returns when
a futures contract is priced more attractively than the underlying equity
security or index. Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party
and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a specific security at a
specified future time and at a specified price. Futures contracts which are
standardized as to maturity date and underlying financial instrument are traded
on national futures exchanges. Futures exchanges and trading are regulated under
the Commodity Exchange Act by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC),
a U.S. Government Agency. Assets committed to futures contracts will be
segregated to the extent required by law.
Although futures contracts by their terms call for actual delivery or
acceptance of the underlying securities, in most cases the contracts are closed
out before the settlement date without the making or taking of delivery. Closing
out an open futures position is done by taking an opposite position ("buying" a
contract which has previously been "sold," "selling" a contract previously
purchased) in an identical contract to terminate the position. Brokerage
commissions are incurred when a futures contract is bought or sold.
Futures traders are required to make a good faith margin deposit in cash or
government securities with a broker or custodian to initiate and maintain open
positions in futures contracts. A margin deposit is intended to assure
completion of the contract (delivery or acceptance of the underlying security)
if it is not terminated prior to the specified delivery date. Minimal initial
margin requirements are established by the futures exchange and may be changed.
Brokers may establish deposit requirements which are higher than the exchange
minimums. Futures contracts are customarily purchased and sold on margin
deposits that may range upward from less than 5% of the value of the contract
being traded.
After a futures contract position is opened, the value of the contract is
marked to market daily. If the futures contract price changes to the extent that
the margin on deposit does not satisfy margin requirements, payment of
additional "variation" margin will be required. Conversely, change in the
contract value may reduce the required margin, resulting in a repayment of
excess margin to the contract holder. Variation margin payments are made to and
from the futures broker for as long as the contract remains open. The Fund
expect to earn interest income on their margin deposits.
Traders in futures contracts may be broadly classified as either "hedgers"
or "speculators." Hedgers use the futures markets primarily to offset
unfavorable changes in the value of securities otherwise held for investment
purposes or expected to be acquired by them. Speculators are less inclined to
own the securities underlying the futures contracts which they trade, and use
futures contracts with the expectation of realizing profits from fluctuations in
the market value of the
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underlying securities. The Fund will not use futures and options for speculative
purposes. The Fund will use futures and options to simulate full investment in
underlying securities while retaining a cash balance for fund management
purposes.
Regulations of the CFTC applicable to the Fund require that all of its
futures transactions constitute bona fide hedging transactions except to the
extent that the aggregate initial margins and premiums required to establish any
non-hedging positions do not exceed five percent of the value of the Fund's
portfolio. The Fund will only sell futures contracts to protect securities it
owns against price declines or purchase contracts to protect against an increase
in the price of securities it intends to purchase. As evidence of this hedging
interest, each Fund expects that approximately 75% of its futures contract
purchases will be "completed"; that is, equivalent amounts of related securities
will have been purchased or are being purchased by the Fund upon sale of open
futures contracts.
Although techniques other than the sale and purchase of futures contracts
could be used to control the exposure of Fund income to market fluctuations, the
use of futures contracts may be a more effective means of hedging this exposure.
While the Fund will incur commission expenses in both opening and closing out
futures positions, these costs are lower than transaction costs incurred in the
purchase and sale of U.S. Government securities.
RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE OF FUTURES CONTRACTS. The Fund will not enter into
futures contract transactions to the extent that, immediately thereafter, the
sum of its initial margin deposits on open contracts exceeds 5% of the market
value of the Fund's total assets. In addition, the Fund will not enter into
futures contracts to the extent that its outstanding obligations to purchase
securities under these contracts would exceed 20% of the Fund's total assets.
RISK FACTORS IN FUTURES TRANSACTIONS. Positions in futures contracts may be
closed out only on an exchange which provides a secondary market for such
futures. However, there can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market will
exist for any particular futures contract at any specific time. Thus, it may not
be possible to close a futures position. In the event of adverse price
movements, the Fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments to
maintain its required margin. In such situations, if the Fund has insufficient
cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities to meet daily margin requirements
at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. In addition, the Fund may be
required to make delivery of the instruments underlying interest rate futures
contracts it holds. The inability to close options and futures positions also
could have an adverse impact on the ability to effectively hedge its portfolio.
The Fund will minimize the risk that it will be unable to close out a futures
contract by only entering into futures contracts which are traded on national
futures exchanges and for which there appears to be a liquid secondary market.
The risk of loss in trading futures contracts in some strategies can be
substantial, due both to the low margin deposits required, and the extremely
high degree of leverage involved in futures pricing. As a result, a relatively
small price movement in a futures contract may result in immediate and
substantial loss (as well as gain) to the investor. For example, if at the time
of purchase, 10% of the value of the futures contract is deposited as margin, a
subsequent 10% decrease in the value of the futures contract would result in a
total loss of the margin deposit, before any deduction for the transaction
costs, if the account were then closed out. A 15% decrease would result in a
loss equal to 150% of the original margin deposit if the contract were closed
out. Thus, a purchase or sale of a futures contract may result in losses in
excess of the amount invested in the contract. However, because the futures
strategies of the Fund are engaged in only for hedging purposes, the investment
adviser does not believe that the Fund is subject to the risks of loss
frequently associated with futures transactions. The Fund would presumably have
sustained comparable losses if, instead of the futures contract, it had invested
in the underlying security and sold it after the decline.
Utilization of futures transactions by the Fund does involve the risk of
imperfect or no correlation where the securities underlying futures contracts
have different maturities than the portfolio securities being hedged. It is also
possible that a fund could both lose money on futures contracts and also
experience a decline in value of its portfolio securities. There is also the
risk of loss by a fund of margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of a broker
with whom the fund has an open position in a futures contract or related option.
Additionally, investments in futures contracts and options involve the risk that
the investment advisers will incorrectly predict stock market and interest rate
trends.
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Most futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures
contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the
maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down
from the previous day's settlement price at the end of a trading session. Once
the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of contract, no trades may
be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only
price movement during a particular trading day and therefore does not limit
potential losses, because the limit may prevent the liquidation of unfavorable
positions. Futures contract prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit
for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby
preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and subjection some futures
traders to substantial losses.
FEDERAL TAX TREATMENT OF FUTURES CONTRACTS. The Fund is required for
Federal income tax purposes to recognize as income for each taxable year its net
unrealized gains and losses on futures contracts as of the end of the year as
well as those actually realized during the year. In most cases, any gain or loss
recognized with respect to a futures contract is considered to be 60% long-term
capital gain or loss and 40% short-term capital gain or loss, without regard to
the holding period of the contract. Furthermore, sales of futures contracts
which are intended to hedge against a change in the value of securities held by
the Fund may affect the holding period of such securities and, consequently, the
nature of the gain or loss on such securities upon disposition. A fund may be
required to defer the recognition of losses on futures contracts to the extent
of any unrecognized gains on related positions held by the fund.
In order for the Fund to continue to qualify for Federal income tax
treatment as a regulated investment company, at least 90% of its gross income
for a taxable year must be derived from qualifying income; i.e., dividends,
interest, income derived from loans of securities, gains from the sale of
securities or foreign currencies or other income derived with respect to the
Fund's business of investing in securities. It is anticipated that any net gain
realized from the closing out of futures contracts will be considered qualifying
income for purposes of the 90% requirement.
The Fund will distribute to shareholders annually any net capital gains
which have been recognized for Federal income tax purposes (including unrealized
gains at the end of the Fund's fiscal year) on futures transactions. Such
distributions will be combined with distributions of capital gains realized on
the Fund's other investments and shareholders will be advised on the nature of
the distributions.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. The Fund may invest in repurchase agreements with
commercial banks, brokers or dealers either for defensive purposes due to market
conditions or to generate income from its excess cash balances. A repurchase
agreement is an agreement under which the Fund acquires a fixed-income security
(generally a security issued by the U.S. Government or an agency thereof, a
banker's acceptance or a certificate of deposit) from a commercial bank, broker,
or dealer, subject to resale to the seller at an agreed upon price and date
(normally, the next business day). A repurchase agreement may be considered a
loan collateralized by securities. The resale price reflects an agreed upon
interest rate effective for the period the instrument is held by the Fund and is
unrelated to the interest rate on the underlying instrument. In these
transactions, the securities acquired by the Fund (including accrued interest
earned thereon) must have a total value in excess of the value of the repurchase
agreement and are held by a custodian bank until repurchased. In addition, the
Fund's Board of Trustees will monitor the Fund's repurchase agreement
transactions generally and will establish guidelines and standards for review by
the investment adviser of the creditworthiness of any bank, broker, or dealer
party to a repurchase agreement with the Fund.
The use of repurchase agreements involves certain risks. For example, if
the other party to the agreement defaults on its obligation to repurchase the
underlying security at a time when the value of the security has declined, a
fund may incur a loss upon disposition of the security. If the other party to
the agreement becomes insolvent and subject to liquidation or reorganization
under bankruptcy or other laws, a court may determine that the underlying
security is collateral for a loan by the fund not within the control of the fund
and therefore the realization by a fund on such collateral may be automatically
stayed. Finally, it is possible that a fund may not be able to substantiate its
interest in the underlying security and may be deemed an unsecured creditor of
the other party to the agreement. While the adviser acknowledges these risks, it
is expected that they can be controlled through careful monitoring procedures.
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ILLIQUID SECURITIES. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in
illiquid securities. Illiquid securities are securities that may not be sold or
disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven business days at
approximately the value at which they are being carried on the Fund's books.
The Fund may invest in restricted, privately placed securities that, under
securities laws, may be sold only to qualified institutional buyers. Because
these securities can be resold only to qualified institutional buyers, they may
be considered illiquid securities--meaning that they could be difficult for the
Fund to convert to cash if needed.
If a substantial market develops for a restricted security held by the
Fund, it will be treated as a liquid security, in accordance with procedures and
guidelines approved by the Fund's Board of Trustees. This generally includes
securities that are unregistered that can be sold to qualified institutional
buyers in accordance with Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933 (the 1933
Act). While the Fund's investment adviser determines the liquidity of restricted
securities on a daily basis, the Board oversees and retains ultimate
responsibility for the adviser's decisions. Several factors that the Board
considers in monitoring these decisions include the valuation of a security, the
availability of qualified institutional buyers, and the availability of
information about the security's issuer.
LENDING OF SECURITIES. The Fund may lend its investment securities on a
short-term or long-term basis to qualified institutional investors (typically
brokers, dealers, banks or other financial institutions) who need to borrow
securities in order to complete certain transactions, such as covering short
sales, avoiding failures to deliver securities or completing arbitrage
operations. By lending its investment securities, a fund attempts to increase
its net investment income through the receipt of interest on the loan. Any gain
or loss in the market price of the securities loaned that might occur during the
term of the loan would be for the account of the Fund. The terms, the structure,
and the aggregate amount of such loans must be consistent with the 1940 Act, and
the Rules and Regulations or interpretations of the Commission thereunder. These
provisions limit the amount of securities a fund may lend to 33 1/3% of the
Fund's total assets, and require that: (a) the borrower pledge and maintain with
the Fund collateral consisting of cash, an irrevocable letter of credit issued
by a domestic U.S. bank, or securities issued or guaranteed by the United States
Government having a value at all times not less than 100% of the value of the
securities loaned, (b) the borrower add to such collateral whenever the price of
the securities loaned rises (i.e., the borrower "marks to the market" on a daily
basis), (c) the loan be made subject to termination by the Fund at any time, and
(d) the Fund receive reasonable interest on the loan (which may include the
Fund's investing any cash collateral in interest bearing short-term
investments), any distribution on the loaned securities and any increase in
their market value. Loan arrangements made by a fund will comply with all other
applicable regulatory requirements, including the rules of the New York Stock
Exchange, which rules presently require the borrower, after notice, to redeliver
the securities within the normal settlement time of three business days. All
relevant facts and circumstances, including the creditworthiness of the broker,
dealer or institution, will be considered in making decisions with respect to
the lending of securities, subject to review by the Fund's Board of Trustees.
At the present time, the Staff of the Commission does not object if an
investment company pays reasonable negotiated fees in connection with loaned
securities, so long as such fees are set forth in a written contract and
approved by the investment company's Trustees. In addition, voting rights pass
with the loaned securities, but if a material event will occur affecting an
investment on loan, the loan must be called and the securities voted.
VANGUARD INTERFUND LENDING PROGRAM. The Commission has issued an exemptive
order permitting the Fund to participate in Vanguard's interfund lending
program. This program allows the Vanguard funds to borrow money from and loan
money to each other for temporary or emergency purposes. The program is subject
to a number of conditions, including the requirement that no fund may borrow or
lend money through the program unless it receives a more favorable interest rate
than is available from a typical bank for a comparable transaction. In addition,
a fund may participate in the program only if and to the extent that such
participation is consistent with the fund's investment objective and other
investment policies. The Board of Trustees of the Vanguard funds are responsible
for ensuring that the interfund lending program operates in compliance with all
conditions of the Commission's exemptive order.
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TEMPORARY INVESTMENTS. The Fund may take temporary defensive measures that
are inconsistent with the Fund's normal fundamental or non-fundamental
investment policies and strategies in response to adverse market, economic,
political, or other conditions. Such measures could include investments in (a)
highly liquid short-term fixed income securities issued by or on behalf of
municipal or corporate issuers, obligations of the U.S. Government and its
agencies, commercial paper, and bank certificates of deposit; (b) shares of
other investment companies which have investment objectives consistent with
those of the Fund; (c) repurchase agreements involving any such securities; and
(d) other money market instruments. There is no limit on the extent to which the
Fund may take temporary defensive measures. In taking such measures, the Fund
may fail to achieve its investment objective.
SHARE PRICE
The Fund's share price, or "net asset value" per share, is calculated by
dividing the total assets of the Fund, less all liabilities, by the total number
of shares outstanding. The net asset value is determined as of the close of
regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the Exchange, generally 4:00
p.m. Eastern time) on each day the Exchange is open for trading.
Portfolio securities for which market quotations are readily available
(includes those securities listed on national securities exchanges, as well as
those quoted on the NASDAQ Stock Market) will be valued at the last quoted sales
price on the day the valuation is made. Such securities which are not traded on
the valuation date are valued at the mean of the bid and ask prices. Price
information on exchange-listed securities is taken from the exchange where the
security is primarily traded. Any foreign securities are valued at the latest
quoted sales price available before the time when assets are valued. Securities
may be valued on the basis of prices provided by a pricing service when such
prices are believed to reflect the fair market value of such securities.
Short-term instruments (those acquired with remaining maturities of 60 days
or less) may be valued at-cost, plus or minus any amortized discount or premium,
which approximates market value.
Bonds and other fixed income securities may be valued on the basis of
prices provided by a pricing service when such prices are believed to reflect
the fair market value of such securities. The prices provided by a pricing
service may be determined without regard to bid or last sale prices of each
security, but take into account institutional-size transactions in similar
groups of securities as well as any developments related to specific securities.
Foreign securities are valued at the last quoted sales price, or the most
recently determined closing price calculated according to local market
convention, available at the time the Fund is valued. Prices are obtained from
the broadest and most representative market on which the securities trade. If
events which materially affect the value of the Fund's investments occur after
the close of the securities markets on which such securities are primarily
traded, those investments may be valued by such methods as the Board of Trustees
deems in good faith to reflect fair value.
In determining the Fund's net asset value per share, all assets and
liabilities initially expressed in foreign currencies will be converted into
U.S. dollars using the officially quoted daily exchange rates used by Morgan
Stanley Capital International in calculating various benchmarking indexes. This
officially quoted exchange rate may be determined prior to or after the close of
a particular securities market. If such quotations are not available or do not
reflect market conditions at the time the Fund is valued, the rate of exchange
will be determined in accordance with policies established in good faith by the
Board of Trustees.
Other assets and securities for which no quotations are readily available
or which are restricted as to sale (or resale) are valued by such methods as the
Board of Trustees deems in good faith to reflect fair value.
The share price for the Fund can be found daily in the mutual fund listings
of most major newspapers under the heading of "Vanguard Funds".
PURCHASE OF SHARES
The purchase price of shares of the Fund is the net asset value next determined
after the order is received. The net asset value is calculated as of the close
of trading on the Exchange, generally 4 p.m. Eastern time on each day the
Exchange is open for business, and on any other day on which there is sufficient
trading in the Fund's investment securities to materially affect the Fund's net
asset value per share. An order received prior to the close of the Exchange will
be executed at the price
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computed on the date of receipt; and an order received after the close of the
Exchange will be executed at the price computed on the next day the Exchange is
open.
The Fund reserves the right in its sole discretion: (i) to suspend the
offering of its shares, (ii) to reject purchase orders when in the judgment of
management such rejection is in the best interest of the Fund, and (iii) to
reduce or waive the minimum investment for or any other restrictions on initial
and subsequent investments for certain fiduciary accounts such as employee
benefit plans or under circumstances where certain economies can be achieved in
sales of the Fund's shares.
TRADING SHARES THROUGH CHARLES SCHWAB
The Fund has authorized Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (Schwab) to accept on its
behalf purchase and redemption orders under certain terms and conditions. Schwab
is also authorized to designate other intermediaries to accept purchase and
redemption orders on the Fund's behalf subject to those terms and conditions.
Under this arrangement, the Fund will be deemed to have received a purchase or
redemption order when Schwab or, if applicable, Schwab's authorized designee,
accepts the order in accordance with the Fund's instructions. Customer orders
that are properly transmitted to the Fund by Schwab, or if applicable, Schwab's
authorized designee, will be priced as follows:
Orders received by Schwab before 3 p.m. Eastern time on any business day,
will be sent to Vanguard that day and your share price will be based on the
Fund's net asset value calculated at the close of trading that day. Orders
received by Schwab after 3 p.m. Eastern time, will be sent to Vanguard on the
following business day and your share price will be based on the Fund's net
asset value calculated at the close of trading that day.
REDEMPTION OF SHARES
The Fund may suspend redemption privileges or postpone the date of payment: (i)
during any period that the Exchange is closed, or trading on the Exchange is
restricted as determined by the Commission, (ii) during any period when an
emergency exists as defined by the Commission as a result of which it is not
reasonably practicable for a Fund to dispose of securities owned by it, or
fairly to determine the value of its assets, and (iii) for such other periods as
the Commission may permit.
The Fund has made an election with the Commission to pay in cash all
redemptions requested by any shareholder of record limited in amount during any
90-day period to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net assets of the Fund at
the beginning of such period.
No charge is made by the Fund for redemptions. Shares redeemed may be worth
more or less than what was paid for them, depending on the market value of the
securities held by the Fund.
SIGNATURE GUARANTEES. To protect your account, the Fund, and Vanguard from
fraud, signature guarantees are required for certain redemptions. Signature
guarantees enable the Fund to verify the identity of the person who has
authorized a redemption from your account. Signature guarantees are required in
connection with: (1) all redemptions, regardless of the amount involved, when
the proceeds are to be paid to someone other than the registered owner(s) and/
or to an address other than the address of record; and (2) share transfer
requests. These requirements may be waived by the Fund in certain instances.
A guarantor must be a bank, a trust company, a member firm of a domestic
stock exchange, or a foreign branch of any of the foregoing. Notaries public are
not acceptable signature guarantors.
YIELD AND TOTAL RETURN
The average annual total return of the Fund for the following periods ended
December 31, 1999 is set forth below:
1 year ended 5 years ended 10 years ended
12/31/1999 12/31/1999 12/31/1999
Vanguard International Value Fund 21.81% 10.91% 7.34%
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AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURN
Average annual total return is the average annual compounded rate of return for
the periods of one year, five years, ten years or the life of the Fund, all
ended on the last day of a recent month. Average annual total return quotations
will reflect changes in the price of the Fund's shares and assume that all
dividends and capital gains distributions during the respective periods were
reinvested in Fund shares. Average annual total return is calculated by finding
the average annual compounded rates of return of a hypothetical investment over
such periods according to the following formula (average annual total return is
then expressed as a percentage):
T = (ERV/P)1/N-1
Where:
T = average annual total return
P = a hypothetical initial investment of $1,000
n = number of years
ERV = ending redeemable value: ERV is the value, at the end
of the applicable period, of a hypothetical $1,000
investment made at the beginning of the applicable period.
AVERAGE ANNUAL AFTER-TAX TOTAL RETURN QUOTATION
We calculate the Fund's average annual after-tax total return by finding the
average annual compounded rate of return over the 1-, 5-, and 10-year periods
that would equate the initial amount invested to the after-tax value, according
to the following formulas:
After-tax return:
P (1+T)/N/ = ATV
Where:
P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000
T = average annual after-tax total return
n = number of years
ATV = after-tax value at the end of the 1-, 5-, or 10-year
periods of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of
the time period, assuming no liquidation of the investment at the
end of the measurement periods.
Instructions.
1.Assume all distributions by the Fund are reinvested--less the taxes due on
such distributions--at the price on the reinvestment dates during the period.
Adjustments may be made for subsequent re-characterizations of distributions.
2.Calculate the taxes due on distributions by the Fund by applying the highest
federal marginal tax rates to each component of the distributions on the
reinvestment date (e.g., ordinary income, short-term capital gain, long-term
capital gain, etc.). For periods after December 31, 1997, the federal marginal
tax rates used for the calculations are 39.6% for ordinary income and
short-term capital gains and 20% for long-term capital gains. Note that the
applicable tax rates may vary over the measurement period. Assume no taxes are
due on the portions of any distributions classified as exempt interest or
non-taxable (i.e., return of capital). Ignore any potential tax liabilities
other than federal tax liabilities (e.g., state and local taxes).
3.Include all recurring fees that are charged to all shareholder accounts. For
any account fees that vary with the size of the account, assume an account size
equal to the Fund's mean (or median) account size. Assume that no additional
taxes or tax credits result from any redemption of shares required to pay such
fees.
4.State the total return quotation to the nearest hundredth of one percent.
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CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN
Cumulative total return is the cumulative rate of return on a hypothetical
initial investment of $1,000 for a specified period. Cumulative total return
quotations reflect changes in the price of each Fund's shares and assume that
all dividends and capital gains distributions during the period were reinvested
in each Fund's shares. Cumulative total return is calculated by finding the
cumulative rates of a return of a hypothetical investment over such periods,
according to the following formula (cumulative total return is then expressed as
a percentage):
C = (ERV/P)-1
Where:
C = cumulative total return
P = a hypothetical initial investment of $1,000
ERV = ending redeemable value: ERV is the value, at the end
of the applicable period, of a hypothetical $1,000
investment made at the beginning of the applicable
period.
SEC YIELDS
Yield is the net annualized yield based on a specified 30-day (or one month)
period assuming semiannual compounding of income. Yield is calculated by
dividing the net investment income per share earned during the period by the
maximum offering price per share on the last day of the period, according to the
following formula:
YIELD = 2[((A-B)/CD+1)/6/-1]
Where:
a = dividends and interest earned during the period.
b = expenses accrued for the period (net of
reimbursements).
c = the average daily number of shares outstanding during the
period that were entitled to receive dividends.
d = the maximum offering price per share on the last day of the
period.
FUNDAMENTAL INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS
The Fund is subject to the following fundamental investment limitations, which
cannot be changed in any material way without the approval of the holders of a
majority of the Fund's shares. For these purposes, a "majority" of the Fund's
shares means shares representing the lesser of: (i) 67% or more of the votes
cast to approve a change, so long as shares representing more than 50% of the
Fund's net asset value are present or represented by proxy; or (ii) more than
50% of the Fund's net asset value.
BORROWING. The Fund may not borrow money, except for temporary or emergency
purposes in an amount not exceeding 15% of the Fund's net assets. The Fund may
borrow money through banks, reverse repurchase agreements, or Vanguard's
interfund lending program only, and must comply with all applicable regulatory
conditions. The Fund may not make any additional investments whenever its
outstanding borrowings exceed 5% of net assets.
COMMODITIES. The Fund may not invest in commodities, except that it may
invest in stock futures contracts, stock options, and options on stock futures
contracts. No more than 5% of the Fund's total assets may be used as initial
margin deposit for futures contracts, and no more than 20% of the Fund's total
assets may be invested in futures contracts or options at any time.
DIVERSIFICATION. With respect to 75% of its total assets, the Fund may not:
(i) purchase more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one
issuer; or (ii) purchase securities of any issuer if, as a result, more than 5%
of the Fund's total assets would be invested in that issuer's securities. This
limitation does not apply to obligations of the United States Government, its
agencies or instrumentalities.
ILLIQUID SECURITIES. The Fund may not acquire any security if, as a result,
more than 15% of its net assets would be invested in securities that are
illiquid.
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INDUSTRY CONCENTRATION. The Fund may not invest more than 25% of its total
assets in any one industry.
INVESTING FOR CONTROL. The Fund may not invest in a company for purposes of
controlling its management.
INVESTMENT COMPANIES. The Fund may not invest in any other investment
company, except through a merger, consolidation or acquisition of assets, or to
the extent permitted by Section 12 of the 1940 Act. Investment companies whose
shares the Fund acquires pursuant to Section 12 must have investment objectives
and investment policies consistent with those of the Fund.
LOANS. The Fund may not lend money to any person except: by purchasing
fixed income securities that are publicly distributed; by entering into
repurchase agreements, provided, however, that repurchase agreements maturing in
more than seven days, together with securities which do not have readily
available market quotations, will not exceed 15% of the Fund's total assets; by
lending its portfolio securities; or through Vanguard's interfund lending
program.
MARGIN. The Fund may not purchase securities on margin or sell securities
short, except as permitted by the Fund's investment policies relating to
commodities.
OIL, GAS, MINERALS. The Fund may not invest in interests in oil, gas or
other mineral exploration, or development programs.
PLEDGING ASSETS. The Fund may not pledge, mortgage, or hypothecate more
than 15% of its net assets.
PUT OR CALL OPTIONS. The Fund may not purchase or write put or call
options, except as permitted by the Fund's investment policies relating to
commodities.
REAL ESTATE. The Fund may not invest directly in real estate, although it
may invest in securities of companies that deal in real estate.
SENIOR SECURITIES. The Fund may not issue senior securities, except in
compliance with the 1940 Act.
UNDERWRITING. The Fund may not engage in the business of underwriting
securities issued by other persons. The Fund will not be considered an
underwriter when disposing of its investment securities.
The above-mentioned investment limitations are considered at the time
investment securities are purchased.
None of these limitations prevents the Fund from participating in The
Vanguard Group (Vanguard). Because the Fund is a member of the Group, it may own
securities issued by Vanguard, make loans to Vanguard, and contribute to
Vanguard's costs or other financial requirement. See "Management of the Fund"
for more information.
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS
The officers of the Fund manage its day-to-day operations and are responsible to
the Fund's Board of Trustees. The Trustees set broad policies for the Fund and
choose its officers. The following is a list of the Trustees and officers of the
Fund and a statement of their present positions and principal occupations during
the past five years. As a group, the Fund's Trustees and officers own less than
1% of the outstanding shares of the Fund. Each Trustee also serves as a Director
of The Vanguard Group, Inc., and as a Trustee of each of the 103 funds
administered by Vanguard (102 in the case of Mr. Malkiel and 93 in the case of
Mr. MacLaury). The mailing address of the Trustees and officers of the Fund is
Post Office Box 876, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania 19482.
JOHN J. BRENNAN, (DOB: 7/29/1954) Chairman, Chief Executive Officer & Trustee*
Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director of The Vanguard Group, Inc., and
Trustee of each of the investment companies in The Vanguard Group.
JOANN HEFFERNAN HEISEN, (DOB: 1/25/1950) Trustee
Vice President, Chief Information Officer, and member of the Executive Committee
of Johnson & Johnson (Pharmaceuticals/Consumer Products), Director of Johnson &
Johnson*MERCK Consumer Pharmaceuticals Co., The Medical Center at Princeton, and
Women's Research and Education Institute.
B-12
<PAGE>
BRUCE K. MACLAURY, (DOB: 5/7/1931) Trustee
President Emeritus of The Brookings Institution (Independent Non-Partisan
Research Organization); Director of American Express Bank, Ltd., The St. Paul
Companies, Inc. (Insurance and Financial Services), and National Steel Corp.
BURTON G. MALKIEL, (DOB: 8/28/1932) Trustee
Chemical Bank Chairman's Professor of Economics, Princeton University; Director
of Prudential Insurance Co. of America, Banco Bilbao Gestinova, Baker Fentress &
Co. (Investment Management), The Jeffrey Co. (Holding Company), and Select
Sector SPDR Trust (Exchange-Traded Mutual Fund).
ALFRED M. RANKIN, JR., (DOB: 10/8/1941) Trustee
Chairman, President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director of NACCO Industries,
Inc. (Machinery/Coal/ Appliances); and Director of The BFGoodrich Co. (Aircraft
Systems/Manufacturing/Chemicals).
JOHN C. SAWHILL, (DOB: 6/12/1936) Trustee
President and Chief Executive Officer of The Nature Conservancy (Non-Profit
Conservation Group); Director of Pacific Gas and Electric Co., Procter & Gamble
Co., NACCO Industries (Machinery/Coal/ Appliances), and Newfield Exploration Co.
(Energy); formerly, Director and Senior Partner of McKinsey & Co., and President
of New York University.
JAMES O. WELCH, JR., (DOB: 5/13/1931) Trustee
Retired Chairman of Nabisco Brands, Inc. (Food Products); retired Vice Chairman
and Director of RJR Nabisco (Food and Tobacco Products); Director of TECO
Energy, Inc., and Kmart Corp.
J. LAWRENCE WILSON, (DOB: 3/2/1936) Trustee
Retired Chairman of Rohm & Haas Co., (Chemicals); Director of Cummins Engine Co.
(Diesel Engine Company), and The Mead Corp. (Paper Products); and Trustee of
Vanderbilt University.
RAYMOND J. KLAPINSKY, (DOB: 12/7/1938) Secretary*
Managing Director of The Vanguard Group, Inc.; Secretary of The Vanguard Group,
Inc. and of each of the investment companies in The Vanguard Group.
THOMAS J. HIGGINS, (DOB: 5/21/1957) Treasurer*
Principal of The Vanguard Group, Inc.; Treasurer of each of the investment
companies in The Vanguard Group.
ROBERT D. SNOWDEN, (DOB: 9/4/1961) Controller*
Principal of The Vanguard Group, Inc.; Controller of each of the investment
companies in The Vanguard Group.
*Officers of the Fund are "interested persons" as defined in the 1940 Act.
THE VANGUARD GROUP
Vanguard Trustees' Equity Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group of
Investment Companies which consists of more than 35 investment companies (the
Funds). Through their jointly-owned subsidiary, The Vanguard Group, Inc.
(Vanguard), the Fund and the other funds in the Group obtain at-cost virtually
all of their corporate management, administrative, and distribution services.
Vanguard also provides investment advisory services on an at-cost basis to
several of the Vanguard funds.
Vanguard employs a supporting staff of management and administrative
personnel needed to provide the requisite services to the funds and also
furnishes the funds with necessary office space, furnishings, and equipment.
Each Fund pays its share of Vanguard's net expenses which are allocated among
the Funds under methods approved by the Board of Trustees of each Fund. In
addition, each Fund bears its own direct expenses, such as legal, auditing, and
custodian fees.
Vanguard and the Fund's adviser have adopted Codes of Ethics designed to
prevent employees who may have access to nonpublic information about the trading
activities of the Fund (access persons) from profiting from that information.
The Codes permit access persons to invest in securities for their own accounts,
including securities that may be held by the Fund, but place substantive and
procedural restrictions on their trading activities. For example, the Codes
require that access persons receive advance approval for every securities trade
to ensure that there is no conflict with the trading activities of the Fund.
B-13
<PAGE>
Vanguard was established and operates under an Amended and Restated Funds'
Service Agreement which was approved by the shareholders of each of the Funds.
The amounts which each of the Funds has invested are adjusted from time to time
in order to maintain the proportionate relationship between each Fund's relative
net assets and its contribution to Vanguard's capital. At December 31, 1999, the
Fund had contributed capital of $204,000 to Vanguard, representing 0.02% of the
Fund's net assets and 0.2% of Vanguard's capitalization. The Amended and
Restated Funds' Service Agreement provides as follows: (a) each Vanguard Fund
may be called upon to invest up to 0.40% of its current assets in Vanguard, and
(b) there is no other limitation on the dollar amount that each Vanguard Fund
may contribute to Vanguard's capitalization.
MANAGEMENT. Corporate management and administrative services include: (1)
executive staff; (2) accounting and financial; (3) legal and regulatory; (4)
shareholder account maintenance; (5) monitoring and control of custodian
relationships; (6) shareholder reporting; and (7) review and evaluation of
advisory and other services provided to the Funds by third parties.
DISTRIBUTION. Vanguard Marketing Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of
The Vanguard Group, Inc., provides all distribution and marketing activities for
the Fund. The principal distribution expenses are for advertising, promotional
materials, and marketing personnel. Distribution services may also include
organizing and offering to the public, from time to time, one or more new
investment companies which will become members of The Vanguard Group. The
Trustees and officers of Vanguard determine the amount to be spent annually on
distribution activities, the manner and amount to be spent on each Fund, and
whether to organize new investment companies.
One half of the distribution expenses of a marketing and promotional nature
is allocated among the Funds based upon their relative net assets. The remaining
one half of these expenses is allocated among the Funds based upon each Fund's
sales for the preceding 24 months relative to the total sales of the Funds as a
Group, provided, however, that no Fund's aggregate quarterly rate of
contribution for distribution expenses of a marketing and promotional nature
shall exceed 125% of the average distribution expense rate for The Vanguard
Group, and that no Fund shall incur annual distribution expenses in excess of 1%
of its average month-end net assets. During the fiscal years ended December 31,
1997, 1998, and 1999, the Fund incurred approximately $2,492,000, $2,719,000,
and $3,702,000 of The Vanguard Group's management (including transfer agency),
distribution, and marketing expenses.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICE. Vanguard provides investment advisory services
to several Vanguard funds. These services are provided on an at-cost basis from
a money management staff employed directly by Vanguard. The compensation and
other expenses of this staff are paid by the funds utilizing these services.
TRUSTEE COMPENSATION
The same individuals serve as Trustees of all Vanguard Funds (with two
exceptions, which are noted in the table on page B-15), and each Fund pays a
proportionate share of the Trustees' compensation. The Funds employ their
officers on a shared basis, as well. However, officers are compensated by The
Vanguard Group, Inc., not the Funds.
INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES. The Funds compensate their independent Trustees--that
is, the ones who are not also officers of the Fund --in three ways:
. The independent Trustees receive an annual fee for their service to the Fund,
which is subject to reduction based on absences from scheduled Board meetings.
. The independent Trustees are reimbursed for the travel and other expenses that
they incur in attending Board meetings.
. Upon retirement, the independent Trustees receive an aggregate annual fee of
$1,000 for each year served on the Board, up to fifteen years of service. This
annual fee is paid for ten years following retirement, or until each Trustee's
death.
"INTERESTED" TRUSTEE. Mr. Brennan serves as a Trustee, but is not paid in
this capacity. He is, however, paid in his role as officer of The Vanguard
Group, Inc.
COMPENSATION TABLE. The following table provides compensation details for
each of the Trustees. We list the amounts paid as compensation and accrued as
retirement benefits by the Fund for each Trustee. In addition, the table shows
the total amount of benefits that we expect each Trustee to receive from all
Vanguard Funds upon retirement, and the total amount of compensation paid to
each Trustee by all Vanguard Funds.
B-14
<PAGE>
VANGUARD TRUSTEES' EQUITY FUND COMPENSATION TABLE
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
PENSION OR
RETIREMENT TOTAL
BENEFITS ACCRUED COMPENSATION
AGGREGATE AS PART OF THIS ESTIMATED FROM ALL
COMPENSATION FUND'S ANNUAL BENEFITS VANGUARD FUNDS
NAMES OF TRUSTEES FROM THIS FUND(1) EXPENSES(1) UPON RETIREMENT PAID TO TRUSTEES(2)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
John C. Bogle(3) . . . . . . . . None None None None
John J. Brennan. . . . . . . . . None None None None
Barbara Barnes Hauptfuhrer(4) . $0 $0 $15,000 $0
JoAnn Heffernan Heisen . . . . . $192 $11 $15,000 $80,000
Bruce K. MacLaury. . . . . . . . $198 $18 $12,000 $75,000
Burton G. Malkiel. . . . . . . . $193 $17 $15,000 $80,000
Alfred M. Rankin, Jr.. . . . . . $192 $13 $15,000 $80,000
John C. Sawhill. . . . . . . . . $192 $16 $15,000 $80,000
James O. Welch, Jr.. . . . . . . $192 $19 $15,000 $80,000
J. Lawrence Wilson . . . . . . . $192 $13 $15,000 $80,000
</TABLE>
(1) The amounts shown in this column are based on the Fund's fiscal year ended
December 31, 1999.
(2) The amounts reported in this column reflect the total compensation paid to
each Trustee for his or her service as Trustee of 103 Vanguard funds (102
in the case of Mr. Malkiel; 93 in the case of Mr. MacLaury) for the 1999
calendar year.
(3) Mr. Bogle has retired from the Funds' Board, effective December 31, 1999.
(4) Mrs. Hauptfuhrer has retired from the Funds' Board, effective December 31,
1998.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES
The investment adviser to Vanguard International Value Fund is Phillips & Drew
(formerly known as UBS International Investment London Limited), Triton Court,
14 Finsbury Square, London, England EC2A 1PD. Phillips & Drew provides
investment management services to numerous institutional accounts, such as
corporate pension plans, endowment funds, and individual investors. Under an
Investment Advisory Agreement with the Fund, dated March 31, 1996, Phillips and
Drew, subject to the control and supervision of the Fund's Board of Trustees and
in conformance with the stated investment objective and policies of the Fund,
manages the investment and reinvestment of the assets of the Fund. In this
regard, it is the responsibility of Phillips & Drew to make investment decisions
for Vanguard International Value Fund and to place the Fund's purchase and sale
orders for investment securities.
As compensation for the services rendered by Phillips & Drew under the
Agreement, and the assumption by Phillips & Drew of the expenses related thereto
(other than the cost of securities purchased for Vanguard International Value
Fund and the taxes and brokerage commissions, if any, payable in connection with
the purchase and/or sale of such securities), the Fund pays Phillips & Drew an
advisory fee calculated by applying a quarterly rate, based on the following
annual percentage rates, to the average month-end assets of the Fund, for the
quarter.
NET ASSETS RATE
First $50 million 0.475%
Next $450 million 0.150%
Next $500 million 0.120%
Over $1 billion 0.110%
The basic fee paid to Phillips & Drew (Basic Fee), shall be increased or
decreased by applying an incentive/penalty adjustment to the Basic Fee
reflecting the investment performance of the Fund relative to the return of the
Morgan Stanley Capital International Europe, Australasia and Far East
(MSCI-EAFE) Index. The following table sets forth the fee payable by the Fund to
Phillips & Drew based upon the incentive/penalty adjustment:
B-15
<PAGE>
DIFFERENTIAL VERSUS MSCI-EAFE INDEX ADJUSTMENT*
+13.5% points or more -0.50 x Basic Fee
Between +4.5% points and +13.5 points above +0.25 x Basic Fee
Between +4.5% points and 0% points 0 x Basic Fee
Between 0% points and -9% points below -0.25 x Basic Fee
-9% points or more below -0.50 x Basic Fee
. For purposes of this calculation, the Basic Fee is calculated by applying the
quarterly rate based on the Annual Basic Fee Rate using average assets over
the same time period which the performance is measured.
The investment performance of the Fund, for any period, expressed as a
percentage of the "Portfolio Unit Value" at the beginning of such period, will
be the sum of: (i) the change in the Portfolio Unit Value during such period;
(ii) the unit value of the Fund's cash distributions from the Portfolio's net
investment income and realized net capital gains (whether long-term or
short-term) having an ex-dividend date occurring within such period; and (iii)
the unit value of taxes paid including withholding taxes and capital gains taxes
paid or accrued during such period by the Fund for undistributed realized
long-term capital gains realized from the Portfolio.
The "Portfolio Unit Value" will be determined by dividing the total net
assets of the Portfolio by a given number of units. On the initial date of the
agreement, the number of units in the Portfolio will equal the total shares
outstanding of the Fund. After such initial date, as assets are added to or
withdrawn from the Portfolio, the number of units of the Portfolio will be
adjusted based on the unit value of the Portfolio on the day such changes are
executed.
For the purposes of determining the incentive/penalty fee adjustment, the
Portfolio's net assets will be averaged over the same period as the investment
performance of those assets and the investment record of the MSCI-EAFE Index are
computed.
During the period beginning April 1, 1996 through December 31, 1996 and the
fiscal years ended December 31, 1997 and 1998, Vanguard International Value Fund
paid Phillips & Drew advisory fees totaling $1,086,000 (0.11% of the Fund's
average net assets), $1,371,000 (0.15% of the Fund's average net assets) and
$1,321,000 (0.16% of the Fund's average net assets), before a decrease of
$353,000 based on performance, respectively.
PRIOR INVESTMENT ADVISER FOR VANGUARD INTERNATIONAL VALUE FUND
From its inception until April 1, 1996, Vanguard International Value Fund
employed Batterymarch Financial Management as its investment adviser. During the
period beginning January 1, 1996 through April 1, 1996, Vanguard International
Value Fund paid Batterymarch Financial Management advisory fees totaling
$378,000 (0.04 of 1% of average net assets) before a decrease of $94,000 based
on performance.
DURATION AND TERMINATION OF INVESTMENT ADVISORY AGREEMENTS
The agreement with Phillips & Drew is renewable, for successive one-year
periods, if specifically approved at least annually by vote of the Board of
Trustees of the Fund at a meeting called for the purpose of considering such
approval. The Board's approval must include the affirmative votes of a majority
of the Trustees who are neither parties to the agreement or interested persons
of such parties. The agreement may be terminated at any time, without penalty,
by vote of the Board of Trustees of the Fund on 60 days' written notice to the
investment adviser, or by the investment adviser on 90 days' written notice to
the Fund. An agreement will automatically terminate in the event of its
assignment.
The Fund's Board of Trustees may, without the approval of shareholders,
provide for:
a the employment of a new investment adviser pursuant to the terms of a new
advisory agreement, either as a replacement for an existing adviser or as an
additional adviser;
b a change in the terms of an advisory agreement; and
c the continued employment of an existing adviser on the same advisory contract
terms where a contract has been assigned because of a change in control of the
adviser.
Any such change will be communicated to shareholders in writing.
B-16
<PAGE>
CONTROL OF THE ADVISERS
Phillips & Drew Limited, owner of Phillips & Drew International Investment
Ltd. (P&DII) (formerly UBS International Investment London Limited), is the
"controlling person" (as that term is defined in the rules and regulations of
the Commission) of P&DII. UBS AG is the beneficial owner of 100% of the
outstanding equity securities of Phillips & Drew Holding Ltd*., which, in turn,
is the 100% beneficial owner of Phillips & Drew Limited, the 100% shareholder of
P&DII.
*UBS AG holds 100% voting "A' shares in Phillips & Drew Holding Ltd. Non Voting
"B' shares are held by UBS Assets (UK) Limited, itself a wholly owned subsidiary
of UBS AG.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
The investment advisory agreement authorizes the investment adviser to select
the brokers or dealers that will execute the purchases and sales of investment
securities for the Fund, and directs the investment adviser to use its best
efforts to obtain the best available price and most favorable execution with
respect to all transactions for the Fund.
Some securities considered for investment by the Fund may also be
appropriate for other clients served by the investment adviser. If purchase or
sale of securities consistent with the investment policies of the Fund and one
or more of these other clients served by the investment adviser is considered at
or about the same time, transactions in such securities will be allocated among
the Fund and clients in a manner deemed fair and reasonable by the investment
adviser. Although there is no specified formula for allocating such
transactions, the various allocation methods used by the investment adviser, and
the results of such allocations, are subject to periodic review by the Fund's
Board of Trustees.
During the years ended December 31, 1997, 1998, and 1999 the Fund paid
$2,431,609, $1,467,221, and $1,379,000 respectively, in brokerage commissions.
COMPARATIVE INDEXES
Vanguard may use reprinted material discussing The Vanguard Group, Inc. or any
of the member funds of The Vanguard Group of Investment Companies.
Vanguard Trustees' Equity Fund may use one or more, of the following
unmanaged indexes for comparative performance purposes:
STANDARD & POOR'S 500 COMPOSITE STOCK PRICE INDEX--includes stocks selected
by Standard & Poor's Index Committee to include leading companies in leading
industries and to reflect the U.S. stock market.
STANDARD & POOR'S MIDCAP 400 INDEX--is composed of 400 medium sized
domestic stocks.
STANDARD & POOR'S SMALLCAP 600/BARRA VALUE INDEX--contains stocks of the
S&P SmallCap 600 Index which have a lower than average price-to-book ratio.
STANDARD & POOR'S SMALLCAP 600/BARRA GROWTH INDEX--contains stocks of the
S&P SmallCap 600 Index which have a higher than average price-to-book ratio.
RUSSELL 1000 VALUE INDEX--consists of the stocks in the Russell 1000 Index
(comprising the 1,000 largest U.S.-based companies measured by total market
capitalization) with the lowest price-to-book ratios, comprising 50% of the
market capitalization of the Russell 1000.
WILSHIRE 5000 EQUITY INDEX--consists of more than 7,000 common equity
securities, covering all stocks in the U.S. for which daily pricing is
available.
WILSHIRE 4500 EQUITY INDEX--consists of all stocks in the Wilshire 5000
except for the 500 stocks in the Standard and Poor's 500 Index.
RUSSELL 3000 STOCK INDEX--a diversified portfolio of approximately 3,000
common stocks accounting for over 90% of the market value of publicly-traded
stocks in the U.S.
RUSSELL 2000 STOCK INDEX--composed of the 2,000 smallest stocks contained
in the Russell 3000 representing approximately 7% of the Russell 3000 total
market capitalization.
RUSSELL 2000(R) VALUE INDEX--contains stocks from the Russell 2000 Index
with a less-than-average growth orientation.
B-17
<PAGE>
MORGAN STANLEY CAPITAL INTERNATIONAL EAFE INDEX--is an arithmetic, market
value-weighted average of the performance of over 900 securities listed on the
stock exchanges of countries in Europe, Australasia, and the Far East.
GOLDMAN SACHS 100 CONVERTIBLE BOND INDEX--currently includes 71 bonds and
29 preferreds. The original list of names was generated by screening for
convertible issues of $100 million or greater in market capitalization. The
index is priced monthly.
SALOMON BROTHERS GNMA INDEX--includes pools of mortgages originated by
private lenders and guaranteed by the mortgage pools of the Government National
Mortgage Association.
SALOMON BROTHERS HIGH-GRADE CORPORATE BOND INDEX--consists of publicly
issued, non-convertible corporate bonds rated Aa or Aaa. It is a value-weighted,
total return index, including approximately 800 issues with maturities of 12
years or greater.
LEHMAN LONG-TERM TREASURY BOND INDEX--is a market weighted index that
contains individually priced U.S. Treasury securities with maturities of 10
years or greater.
MERRILL LYNCH CORPORATE & GOVERNMENT BOND INDEX--consists of over 4,500
U.S. Treasury, Agency and investment grade corporate bonds.
LEHMAN CORPORATE (BAA) BOND INDEX--all publicly offered fixed-rate,
nonconvertible domestic corporate bonds rated Baa by Moody's, with a maturity
longer than 1 year and with more than $100 million outstanding. This index
includes over 1,500 issues.
LEHMAN BROTHERS LONG-TERM CORPORATE BOND INDEX--is a subset of the Lehman
Corporate Bond Index covering all corporate, publicly issued, fixed-rated,
nonconvertible U.S. debt issues rated at least Baa, with at least $100 million
principal outstanding and maturity greater than 10 years.
BOND BUYER MUNICIPAL BOND INDEX--is a yield index on current coupon
high-grade general obligation municipal bonds.
STANDARD & POOR'S PREFERRED INDEX--is a yield index based upon the average
yield of four high-grade, non-callable preferred stock issues.
NASDAQ INDUSTRIAL INDEX--is composed of more than 3,000 industrial issues.
It is a value-weighted index calculated on price change only and does not
include income.
COMPOSITE INDEX--70% Standard & Poor's 500 Index and 30% NASDAQ Industrial
Index.
COMPOSITE INDEX--65% Lehman Long-Term Corporate AA or Better Bond Index and
a 35% weighting of a blended equity composite (75% Standard & Poor's/BARRA Value
Index, 12.5% Standard and Poor's Utilities Index, and 12.5% Standard & Poor's
Telephone Index).
COMPOSITE INDEX--65% Standard and Poor's 500 Index and 35% Lehman Long-Term
Corporate AA or Better Bond Index.
LEHMAN LONG-TERM CORPORATE AA OR BETTER BOND INDEX--consists of all
publicly issued, fixed rate, nonconvertible investment grade,
dollar-denominated, SEC-registered corporate debt rated AA or AAA.
LEHMAN BROTHERS AGGREGATE BOND INDEX--is a market weighted index that
contains individually priced U.S. Treasury, agency, corporate, and mortgage
pass-through securities corporate rated BBB- or better. The Index has a market
value of over $5 trillion.
LEHMAN BROTHERS MUTUAL FUND SHORT (1-5) GOVERNMENT/CORPORATE INDEX--is a
market weighted index that contains individually priced U.S. Treasury, agency,
and corporate investment grade bonds rated BBB- or better with maturities
between 1 and 5 years. The index has a market value of over $1.6 trillion.
LEHMAN BROTHERS MUTUAL FUND INTERMEDIATE (5-10) GOVERNMENT/CORPORATE
INDEX--is a market weighted index that contains individually priced U.S.
Treasury, agency, and corporate securities rated BBB- or better with maturities
between 5 and 10 years. The index has a market value of over $800 billion.
LEHMAN BROTHERS LONG (10+) GOVERNMENT/CORPORATE INDEX--is a market weighted
index that contains individually priced U.S. Treasury, agency, and corporate
securities rated BBB- or better with maturities greater than 10 years. The index
has a market value of over $1.1 trillion.
B-18
<PAGE>
LIPPER SMALL COMPANY GROWTH FUND AVERAGE--the average performance of small
company growth funds as defined by Lipper Inc. Lipper defines a small company
growth fund as a fund that by prospectus or portfolio practice, limits its
investments to companies on the basis of the size of the company.
From time to time, Vanguard may advertise using the average performance
and/ or the average expense ratio of the small company growth funds. (This fund
category was first established in 1982. For years prior to 1982, the results of
the Lipper Small Company Growth category were estimated using the returns of the
Funds that constituted the Group at its inception.)
LIPPER BALANCED FUND AVERAGE--an industry benchmark of average balanced
funds with similar investment objectives and policies, as measured by Lipper
Inc.
LIPPER NON-GOVERNMENT MONEY MARKET FUND AVERAGE--an industry benchmark of
average non-government money market funds with similar investment objectives and
policies, as measured by Lipper Inc.
LIPPER GOVERNMENT MONEY MARKET FUND AVERAGE--an industry benchmark of
average government money market funds with similar investment objectives and
policies, as measured by Lipper Inc.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Fund's financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 1999
appearing in the Fund's 1999 Annual Reports to Shareholders, and the reports
thereon of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent accountants, also appearing
therein, are incorporated by reference into this Statement of Additional
Information. For a more complete discussion of the performance, please see the
Fund's Annual Report to Shareholders, which may be obtained without charge.
B-19
<PAGE>
SAI046-Int'l Value
B-20
<PAGE>
PART C
VANGUARD TRUSTEES' EQUITY FUNDS
OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 23. EXHIBITS
(a) Declaration of Trust**
(b) By-Laws**
(c) Reference is made to Articles III and V of the Registrant's Declaration
of Trust
(d) Investment Advisory Contract**
(e) Not applicable
(f) Reference is made to the section entitled "Management of the Funds" in
the Registrant's Statement of Additional Information
(g) Custodian Agreement*
(h) Amended and Restated Funds' Service Agreement**
(i) Legal Opinion**
(j) Consent of Independent Accountants*
(k) Not Applicable
(l) Not Applicable
(m) Not Applicable
(n) Not Applicable
(o) Not Applicable
(p) Codes of Ethics*
* Filed herewith
**Filed previously
ITEM 24. PERSONS CONTROLLED BY OR UNDER COMMON CONTROL WITH REGISTRANT
Registrant is not controlled by or under common control with any person.
ITEM 25. INDEMNIFICATION
The Registrant's organizational documents contain provisions indemnifying
Trustees and officers against liability incurred in their official capacity.
Article VII, Section 2 of the Declaration of Trust provides that the Registrant
may indemnify and hold harmless each and every Trustee and officer from and
against any and all claims, demands, costs, losses, expenses, and damages
whatsoever arising out of or related to the performance of his or her duties as
a Trustee or officer. However, this provision does not cover any liability to
which a Trustee or officer would otherwise be subject by reason of willful
misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties
involved in the conduct of his or her office. Article VI of the By-Laws
generally provides that the Registrant shall indemnify its Trustees and officers
from any liability arising out of their past or present service in that
capacity. Among other things, this provision excludes any liability arising by
reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or the reckless
disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the Trustee's or officer's
office with the Registrant.
ITEM 26. BUSINESS AND OTHER CONNECTIONS OF INVESTMENT ADVISER
The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard) is an investment adviser registered under
the Advisers Act. The list required by this Item 26 of officers and directors of
Vanguard, together with any information as to any business profession, vocation,
or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors
during the past two years, is incorporated herein by reference from Schedules B
and D of Form ADV filed by Vanguard pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No.
801-11953).
C-1
<PAGE>
ITEM 27. PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITERS
(a) Not Applicable
(b) Not Applicable
(c) Not Applicable
ITEM 28. LOCATION OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS
The books, accounts, and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31
(a) of the Investment Company Act and the rules promulgated thereunder will be
maintained at the offices of Registrant; Registrant's Transfer Agent, The
Vanguard Group, Inc., Valley Forge, Pennsylvania 19482; and the Registrant's
Custodian, Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., 40 Water Street, Boston, Massachusetts
02109-3661.
ITEM 29. MANAGEMENT SERVICES
Other than as set forth under the description of The Vanguard Group in Part B of
this Registration Statement, the Registrant is not a party to any
management-related service contract.
ITEM 30. UNDERTAKINGS
Not Applicable
C-2
<PAGE>
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment
Company Act of 1940, the Registrant hereby certifies that it meets all
requirements for effectiveness of this Registration Statement pursuant to Rule
485(b) under the Securities Act of 1933 and has duly caused this Post-Effective
Amendment to this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the Town of Valley Forge and the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, on the 31st day of March, 2000.
VANGUARD TRUSTEES' EQUITY FUNDS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C> <C> <C>
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/S/ JOHN J. BRENNAN President, Chairman, Chief March 31, 2000
By: --------------------------- Executive Officer, and Trustee
(Heidi Stam)
John J. Brennan*
/S/ JOANN HEFFERNAN HEISEN
By: ---------------------------- Trustee March 31, 2000
(Heidi Stam)
JoAnn Heffernan Heisen*
/S/ BRUCE K. MACLAURY
By: ---------------------------- Trustee March 31, 2000
(Heidi Stam)
Bruce K. MacLaury*
/S/ ALFRED M. RANKIN, JR.
By: ---------------------------- Trustee March 31, 2000
(Heidi Stam)
Alfred M. Rankin, Jr.*
/S/ JOHN C. SAWHILL
By: ---------------------------- Trustee March 31, 2000
(Heidi Stam)
John C. Sawhill*
/S/ JAMES O. WELCH, JR.
By: ---------------------------- Trustee March 31, 2000
(Heidi Stam)
James O. Welch, Jr.*
/S/ J. LAWRENCE WILSON
By: ---------------------------- Trustee March 31, 2000
(Heidi Stam)
J. Lawrence Wilson*
/S/ THOMAS J. HIGGINS
By: ---------------------------- Treasurer and Principal March 31, 2000
(Heidi Stam) Financial and Principal
Thomas J. Higgins* Accounting Officer
</TABLE>
* By Power of Attorney. See File Number 33-4424, filed on January 25, 1999.
Incorporated by Reference.
<PAGE>
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Custodian Agreement ....................................................Ex-99.BG
Consent of Independent Accountants .....................................Ex-99.BJ
Codes of Ethics ........................................................Ex-99.BP
<PAGE>
EX-99.BG
CUSTODIAN AGREEMENT
THIS AGREEMENT, dated as of July 20, 1999, between certain open-end
management investment companies (each investment company a "Fund") organized
under the laws of the State of Delaware and registered with the Securities and
Exchange Commission under the 1940 Act, on behalf of certain of their series
(each series a "Series"), and BROWN BROTHERS HARRIMAN & CO., a limited
partnership formed under the laws of the State of New York (BBH&CO. or the
CUSTODIAN),
W I T N E S S E T H:
WHEREAS, the Fund wishes to employ BBH&Co. to act as custodian for the Fund
and to provide related services, all as provided herein, and BBH&Co. is willing
to accept such employment, subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth;
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements
herein contained, the Fund and BBH&Co. hereby agree, as follows:
1. APPOINTMENT OF CUSTODIAN. The Fund hereby appoints BBH&Co. as the Fund's
custodian, and BBH&Co. hereby accepts such appointment. All Investments of the
Fund delivered to the Custodian or its agents or Subcustodians shall be dealt
with as provided in this Agreement. The duties of the Custodian with respect to
the Fund's Investments shall be set forth expressly in this Agreement and any
addenda thereto which duties are generally comprised of safekeeping and various
administrative duties that will be performed in accordance with Instructions and
as reasonably required to effect Instructions.
2. REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES AND COVENANTS OF THE FUND. The Fund hereby
represents, warrants and covenants each of the following:
2.1 This Agreement has been, and at the time of delivery of each
Instruction such Instruction will have been, duly authorized, executed and
delivered by the Fund. This Agreement does not violate any Applicable Law
or conflict with or constitute a default under the Fund's prospectus or
other organic document, agreement, judgment, order or decree to which the
Fund is a party or by which it or its Investments is bound. The Fund is and
will be in compliance with all laws and regulations applicable to its
operations, investments or activities.
2.2 By providing an Instruction with respect to the first acquisition
of an Investment in a jurisdiction other than the United States of America,
the Fund shall be deemed to have confirmed to the Custodian that the Fund
has (a) assessed and accepted all material Country or Sovereign Risks and
accepted responsibility for their occurrence, (b) made all determinations
required to be made by the Fund under the 1940 Act, and (iii) appropriately
and adequately disclosed to its shareholders, other investors and all
persons who have rights in or to such
<PAGE>
Investments, all material investment risks, including those relating to the
custody and settlement infrastructure or the servicing of securities in
such jurisdiction.
2.3 The Fund shall safeguard and shall solely be responsible for the
safekeeping of any testkeys, identification codes, passwords, other
security devices or statements of account with which the Custodian provides
it. In furtherance and not limitation of the foregoing, in the event the
Fund utilizes any on-line service offered by the Custodian, the Fund and
the Custodian shall be fully responsible for the security of each party's
connecting terminal, access thereto and the proper and authorized use
thereof and the initiation and application of continuing effective
safeguards in respect thereof. Additionally, if the Fund uses any on-line
or similar communications service made available by the Custodian, the Fund
shall be solely responsible for ensuring the security of its access to the
service and for the use of the service, and shall only attempt to access
the service and the Custodian's computer systems as directed by the
Custodian. If the Custodian provides any computer software to the Fund
relating to the services described in this Agreement, the Fund will only
use the software for the purposes for which the Custodian provided the
software to the Fund, and will abide by the license agreement accompanying
the software and any other security policies which the Custodian provides
to the Fund.
3. REPRESENTATION AND WARRANTY OF BBH&CO. BBH&Co. hereby represents and warrants
that this Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by BBH&Co.
and does not and will not violate any Applicable Law or conflict with or
constitute a default under BBH&Co.'s limited partnership agreement or any
agreement, instrument, judgment, order or decree to which BBH&Co. is a party or
by which it is bound. BBH&Co. also warrants that it will comply with all
applicable laws and regulations in performance of its duties under this
Agreement.
4. INSTRUCTIONS. Unless otherwise explicitly indicated herein, the Custodian
shall perform its duties pursuant to Instructions. As used herein, the term
INSTRUCTION shall mean a directive initiated by the Fund, acting directly or
through its board of directors, officers or other Authorized Persons, which
directive shall conform to the requirements of this Section 4.
4.1 AUTHORIZED PERSONS. For purposes hereof, an AUTHORIZED PERSON
shall be a person or entity authorized to give Instructions for or on
behalf of the Fund by written notices to the Custodian or otherwise in
accordance with procedures delivered to the Custodian. The Custodian may
treat any Authorized Person as having full authority of the Fund to issue
Instructions hereunder unless the notice of authorization contains explicit
limitations as to said authority. The Custodian shall be entitled to rely
upon the authority of Authorized Persons until it receives appropriate
written notice from the Fund to the contrary.
<PAGE>
4.2 FORM OF INSTRUCTION. Each Instruction shall be transmitted by such
secured or authenticated electro-mechanical means as the Custodian shall
make available to the Fund from time to time unless the Fund shall elect to
transmit such Instruction in accordance with Subsections 4.2.1 through
4.2.3 of this Section.
4.2.1 FUND DESIGNATED SECURED-TRANSMISSION METHOD. Instructions
may be transmitted through a secured or tested electro-mechanical
means identified by the Fund or by an Authorized Person entitled to
give Instruction and acknowledged and accepted by the Custodian; it
being understood that such acknowledgment shall authorize the
Custodian to receive and process such means of delivery but shall not
represent a judgment by the Custodian as to the reasonableness or
security of the method determined by the Authorized Person.
4.2.2 WRITTEN INSTRUCTIONS. Instructions may be transmitted in a
writing that bears the manual signature of Authorized Persons.
4.2.3 OTHER FORMS OF INSTRUCTION. Instructions may also be
transmitted by another means determined by the Fund or Authorized
Persons and acknowledged and accepted by the Custodian (subject to the
same limits as to acknowledgements as is contained in Subsection
4.2.1, above) including Instructions given orally or by SWIFT, telex
or telefax (whether tested or untested).
When an Instruction is given by means established under Subsections 4.2.1
through 4.2.3, it shall be the responsibility of the Custodian to use reasonable
care to adhere to any security or other procedures established in writing
between the Custodian and the Authorized Person with respect to such means of
Instruction, but such Authorized Person shall be solely responsible for
determining that the particular means chosen is reasonable under the
circumstances. If the Custodian believes that the means chosen are unreasonable,
it shall promptly notify an Authorized Person. Oral Instructions shall be
binding upon the Custodian only if and when an Authorized Person provides
Instructions that conform to the requirements of this Section 4. Any Oral
Instructions shall promptly thereafter be confirmed in writing by an Authorized
Person (which confirmation may bear the facsimile signature of such Person).
With respect to telefax Instructions, the parties agree and acknowledge that
receipt of legible Instructions cannot be assured and that the Custodian cannot
verify that authorized signatures on telefax Instructions are original or
properly affixed. If the Custodian determines that a telefax Instruction is
illegible, the Custodian shall promptly contact an Authorized Person and request
a legible telefax Instruction. Provided the Custodian has exercised the standard
of care required herein with respect to receipt of Proper Instructions including
but not limited to any applicable security or authorization procedures, the
Custodian shall not be liable for losses or expenses incurred through actions
taken in reliance on inaccurately stated or unauthorized telefax Instructions.
The provisions of Section 4A of the Uniform Commercial Code shall apply to Funds
Transfers performed in accordance with Instructions. In the event that a Funds
Transfer Services Agreement is executed between the Fund or an Authorized Person
and the Custodian, such an agreement shall comprise a designation of form of a
means of delivering Instructions for purposes of this Section 4.2.
4.3 COMPLETENESS AND CONTENTS OF INSTRUCTIONS. The Authorized Person
shall be responsible for assuring the adequacy and accuracy of
Instructions. Particularly, upon any acquisition or disposition or other
dealing in the Fund's Investments and upon any delivery and transfer of any
Investment or moneys, the person initiating such Instruction shall give the
Custodian an Instruction with appropriate detail, including, without
limitation:
<PAGE>
4.3.1 The transaction date and the date and location of
settlement;
4.3.2 The specification of the type of transaction;
4.3.4 A description of the Investments or moneys in question,
including, as appropriate, quantity, price per unit, amount of money
to be received or delivered and currency information. Where an
Instruction is communicated by electronic means, or otherwise where an
Instruction contains an identifying number such as a CUSIP, SEDOL or
ISIN number, the Custodian shall be entitled to rely on such number as
controlling notwithstanding any inconsistency contained in such
Instruction, particularly with respect to Investment description. If
the Custodian is aware of such an inconsistency in an Instruction, it
shall give prompt notice of such inconsistency to an Authorized
Person.
4.3.5 The name of the broker or similar entity concerned with
execution of the transaction.
If the Custodian shall reasonably determine that an Instruction, including a
telefax Instruction, is either unclear or incomplete, the Custodian shall give
prompt notice of such determination to the Fund, and the Fund shall thereupon
amend or otherwise reform such Instruction. In such event, the Custodian shall
have no obligation to take any action in response to the Instruction initially
delivered until the redelivery of an amended or reformed Instruction.
4.4 TIMELINESS OF INSTRUCTIONS. In giving an Instruction, the Fund
shall take into consideration delays which may occur due to the involvement
of a Subcustodian or agent, differences in time zones, and other factors
particular to a given market, exchange or issuer. When the Custodian has
established specific timing requirements or deadlines with respect to
particular classes of Instruction and the Custodian has notified the Fund
of such timing requirements and deadlines, or when an Instruction is
received by the Custodian at such a time that it could not reasonably be
expected to have acted on such Instruction due to time zone differences or
other factors beyond its reasonable control, the execution of any
Instruction received by the Custodian after such deadline or at such time
(including any modification or revocation of a previous Instruction) shall
be at the risk of the Fund.
5. SAFEKEEPING OF FUND ASSETS. The Custodian shall hold Investments
delivered to it or Subcustodians for the Fund in accordance with the provisions
of this Section. The Custodian will identify the Investments on its books as
belonging to each individual Series. The Custodian shall not be responsible for
(a) the safekeeping of Investments not delivered or that are not caused to be
issued to it or its Subcustodians; or, (b) pre-existing faults or defects in
Investments that are delivered to the Custodian, or its Subcustodians. The
Custodian or Subcustodian shall give prompt
<PAGE>
notice to the Fund of any pre-existing faults or defects that it is aware of.
The Custodian is hereby authorized to hold with itself or a Subcustodian, and to
record in one or more accounts, all Investments delivered to and accepted by the
Custodian, any Subcustodian or their respective agents pursuant to an
Instruction or in consequence of any corporate action. Each such account is a
"Securities Account" (as such term is defined in the Uniform Commercial Code as
in effect from time to time in the State of New York (the "UCC")). The Custodian
shall hold Investments for the account of the Fund and shall segregate
Investments from assets belonging to the Custodian and shall cause its
Subcustodians to segregate Investments from assets belonging to the Subcustodian
in an account held for the Fund or in an account maintained by the Subcustodian
generally for non-proprietary assets of the Custodian.
The parties acknowledge that the Custodian and Subcustodians each are
acting under this Agreement as a "Securities Intermediary" (as such term is used
and defined in the UCC). For the purposes of this Agreement, the parties hereto
acknowledge and agree that (i) any Investment held by the Custodian or any
Subcustodian shall constitute a "Financial Asset" (as such term is used and
defined in the UCC), (ii) the Fund may at any time issue one or more
"Entitlement Orders" (as such term is used and defined in the UCC) with respect
to the Fund's Investments, (iii) upon the Custodian's or Subcustodian's receipt
of an Investment for the benefit of the Fund, the Custodian or Subcustodian, as
the case may be, shall credit to the Fund a "Securitiy Entitlement" (as such
term is used and defined in the UCC), and (iv) the Fund shall have a Security
Entitlement with respect to all Investments held by the Custodian or
Subcustodian.
5.1 USE OF SECURITIES DEPOSITORIES. The Custodian may deposit and
maintain Investments in any Securities Depository, either directly or
through one or more Subcustodians
<PAGE>
appointed by the Custodian. Investments held in a Securities Depository
shall be held (a) subject to the agreement, rules, statement of terms and
conditions or other document or conditions effective between the Securities
Depository and the Custodian or the Subcustodian, as the case may be, and
(b) in an account for the Fund or in bulk segregation in an account
maintained for the non-proprietary assets of the entity holding such
Investments in the Depository. If market practice or the rules and
regulations of the Securities Depository prevent the Custodian, the
Subcustodian or (any agent of either) from holding its client assets in
such a separate account, the Custodian, the Subcustodian or other agent
shall as appropriate segregate such Investments for benefit of the Fund or
for benefit of clients of the Custodian generally on its own books.
5.2 CERTIFICATED ASSETS. Investments which are certificated may be
held in registered or bearer form: (a) in the Custodian's vault; (b) in the
vault of a Subcustodian or agent of the Custodian or a Subcustodian; or (c)
in an account maintained by the Custodian, Subcustodian or agent at a
Securities Depository; all in accordance with customary market practice in
the jurisdiction in which any Investments are held.
5.3 REGISTERED ASSETS. Investments which are registered may be
registered in the name of the Custodian, a Subcustodian, or in the name of
the Fund or a nominee for any of the foregoing, and may be held in any
manner set forth in paragraph 5.2 above with or without any identification
of fiduciary capacity in such registration.
5.4 BOOK ENTRY ASSETS. Investments which are represented by book-entry
may be so held in an account maintained by the Book-Entry Agent on behalf
of the Custodian, a Subcustodian or another agent of the Custodian, or a
Securities Depository.
5.5 REPLACEMENT OF LOST INVESTMENTS. In the event of a loss of
Investments for which the Custodian is responsible under the terms of this
Agreement, the Custodian shall promptly replace such Investment, or in the
event that such replacement cannot be effected, the Custodian shall pay to
the Fund the fair market value of such Investment based on the last
available price as of the close of business in the relevant market on the
date that a claim was first made to the Custodian with respect to such
loss.
6. ADMINISTRATIVE DUTIES OF THE CUSTODIAN. The Custodian shall perform the
following administrative duties with respect to Investments of the Fund.
6.1 PURCHASE OF INVESTMENTS. Pursuant to Instruction, Investments
purchased for the account of the Fund shall be paid for (a) against
delivery thereof to the Custodian or a Subcustodian, as the case may be,
either directly or through a Clearing Corporation or a Securities
Depository (in accordance with the rules of such Securities Depository or
such Clearing Corporation), or (b) otherwise in accordance with an
Instruction, Applicable Law, generally accepted trade practices, or the
terms of the instrument representing such Investment.
6.2 SALE OF INVESTMENTS. Pursuant to Instruction, Investments sold for
the account of the Fund shall be delivered (a) against payment therefor in
cash, by check or by bank wire
<PAGE>
transfer, (b) by credit to the account of the Custodian or the applicable
Subcustodian, as the case may be, with a Clearing Corporation or a
Securities Depository (in accordance with the rules of such Securities
Depository or such Clearing Corporation), or (c) otherwise in accordance
with an Instruction, Applicable Law, generally accepted trade practices, or
the terms of the instrument representing such Investment.
6.3 DELIVERY IN CONNECTION WITH BORROWINGS OF THE FUND OR OTHER
COLLATERAL AND MARGIN REQUIREMENTS. Pursuant to Instruction, the Custodian
may deliver Investments or cash of the Fund in connection with borrowings
and other collateral and margin requirements.
6.4 FUTURES AND OPTIONS. If, pursuant to an Instruction, the Custodian
shall become a party to an agreement with the Fund and a futures commission
merchant regarding margin (TRI-PARTY AGREEMENT), the Custodian shall (a)
receive and retain, to the extent the same are provided to the Custodian,
confirmations or other documents evidencing the purchase or sale by the
Fund of exchange-traded futures contracts and commodity options, (b) when
required by such Tri-Party Agreement, deposit and maintain in an account
opened pursuant to such Agreement (MARGIN ACCOUNT), segregated either
physically or by book-entry in a Securities Depository for the benefit of
any futures commission merchant, such Investments as the Fund shall have
designated as initial, maintenance or variation "margin" deposits or other
collateral intended to secure the Fund's performance of its obligations
under the terms of any exchange-traded futures contracts and commodity
options; and (c) thereafter pay, release or transfer Investments into or
out of the Margin Account in accordance with the provisions of the such
Agreement. Alternatively, the Custodian may deliver Investments, in
accordance with an Instruction, to a futures commission merchant for
purposes of margin requirements in accordance with Rule 17f-6. The
Custodian shall in no event be responsible for but shall give prompt notice
to the Fund in the event it becomes aware of the acts and omissions of any
futures commission merchant to whom Investments are delivered pursuant to
this Section; for the sufficiency of Investments held in any Margin
Account; or, for the performance of any terms of any exchange-traded
futures contracts and commodity options.
6.5 CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND SIMILAR INVESTMENTS. From time to
time, the Fund's Investments may include Investments that are not ownership
interests as may be represented by certificate (whether registered or
bearer), by entry in a Securities Depository or by book entry agent,
registrar or similar agent for recording ownership interests in the
relevant Investment. If the Fund shall at any time acquire such
Investments, including without limitation deposit obligations, loan
participations, repurchase agreements and derivative arrangements, the
Custodian shall (a) receive and retain, to the extent the same are provided
to the Custodian, confirmations or other documents evidencing the
arrangement; and (b) perform on the Fund's account in accordance with the
terms of the applicable arrangement, but only to the extent directed to do
so by Instruction. The Custodian shall have no responsibility for
agreements running to the Fund as to which it is not a party other than to
retain, to the extent the same are provided to the Custodian, documents or
copies of documents evidencing the arrangement and, in accordance with
Instruction, to include such arrangements in reports made to the Fund.
6.6 EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES. Unless otherwise directed by Instruction,
the Custodian shall: (a) exchange securities held for the account of the
Fund for other securities in connection with any reorganization,
recapitalization, conversion, split-up, change of par value of shares or
similar event, and (b) deposit any such securities in accordance with the
terms of any reorganization or protective plan.
<PAGE>
6.7 SURRENDER OF SECURITIES. Unless otherwise directed by Instruction,
the Custodian may surrender securities: (a) in temporary form for
definitive securities; (b) for transfer into the name of an entity
allowable under Section 5.3; and (c) for a different number of certificates
or instruments representing the same number of shares or the same principal
amount of indebtedness.
6.8 RIGHTS, WARRANTS, ETC. Pursuant to Instruction, the Custodian
shall (a) deliver warrants, puts, calls, rights or similar securities to
the issuer or trustee thereof, or to any agent of such issuer or trustee,
for purposes of exercising such rights or selling such securities, and (b)
deposit securities in response to any invitation for the tender thereof.
6.9 MANDATORY CORPORATE ACTIONS. Unless otherwise directed by
Instruction, the Custodian shall: (a) comply with the terms of all
mandatory or compulsory exchanges, calls, tenders, redemptions or similar
rights of securities ownership affecting securities held on the Fund's
account and promptly notify the Fund of such action, and (b) collect all
stock dividends, rights and other items of like nature with respect to such
securities.
6.10 INCOME COLLECTION. Unless otherwise directed by Instruction, the
Custodian shall collect any amount due and payable to the Fund with respect
to Investments and promptly credit the amount collected to a Principal or
Agency Account; provided, however, that the Custodian shall not be
responsible for: (a) the collection of amounts due and payable with respect
to Investments that are in default, or (b) the collection of cash or share
entitlements with respect to Investments that are not registered in the
name of the Custodian or its Sub-custodians. The Custodian is hereby
authorized to endorse and deliver any instrument required to be so endorsed
and delivered to effect collection of any amount due and payable to the
Fund with respect to Investments.
6.11 OWNERSHIP CERTIFICATES AND DISCLOSURE OF THE FUND'S INTEREST. The
Custodian is hereby authorized to execute on behalf of the Fund ownership
certificates, affidavits or other disclosure required under Applicable Law
or established market practice in connection with the receipt of income,
capital gains or other payments by the Fund with respect to Investments, or
in connection with the sale, purchase or ownership of Investments.
6.12 PROXY MATERIALS. The Custodian shall deliver, or cause to be
delivered promptly, to the Fund proxy forms, notices of meeting, and any
other notices or announcements materially affecting or relating to
Investments received by the Custodian or any nominee.
6.13 TAX RECLAIM SERVICE. The Custodian will apply for a reduction of
withholding tax and any refund of any tax paid or tax credits which apply
in each applicable market in respect of income payments on Investments for
the benefit of the Fund which the Custodian believes may be available to
such Fund. Where such reports are available, the Custodian shall
periodically report to the Fund concerning the making of applications for a
reduction of withholding tax and refund of any tax paid or tax credits
which apply in each applicable market in respect of income payments on
Investments for the benefit of the Fund.
The provision of tax reclaim services by the Custodian is conditional
upon the Custodian receiving from the Fund or, where required, the
beneficial owner of Investments (a) a declaration of its identity and place
of residence and (b) certain other documentation (pro forma copies of which
are available from the Custodian). The Custodian shall use reasonable means
to
<PAGE>
advise the Fund of the declarations, documentation and information which
the Fund is to provide to the Custodian in order for the Custodian to
provide the tax reclaim services described herein. The Fund shall provide
to the Custodian such documentation and information as it may require in
connection with taxation, and warrants that, when given, this information
shall be true and correct in every respect, not misleading in any way, and
contain all material information. The Fund undertakes to notify the
Custodian immediately if any such information requires updating or
amendment. The Custodian shall perform tax reclaim services only with
respect to taxation by the revenue authorities of the countries notified to
the Fund.
The Fund confirms that the Custodian is authorized to deduct from any
cash received or credited to an account any taxes or levies required by any
revenue or governmental authority for whatever reasons in respect of the
accounts. The Custodian and the Fund shall promptly notify the other
regarding any change in the Fund's tax status with respect to withholding
taxes of which it becomes aware. It is acknowledged that the Custodian does
not offer tax advice and that the Fund should consult with its tax adviser
as to tax matters.
6.14 OTHER DEALINGS. The Custodian shall otherwise act as directed by
Instruction, including without limitation effecting the free payments of
moneys or the free delivery of securities, provided that such Instruction
shall indicate the purpose of such payment or delivery and that the
Custodian shall record the party to whom such payment or delivery is made.
The Custodian shall attend to all nondiscretionary details in
connection with the sale or purchase or other administration of
Investments, except as otherwise directed by an Instruction.
In fulfilling the duties set forth in Sections 6.6 through 6.10 above, the
Custodian shall provide promptly to the Fund all material information pertaining
to a corporate action which the Custodian actually receives. The Custodian shall
not be responsible for the completeness or accuracy of such information as long
as the Custodian has shown due diligence in attempting to receive complete and
accurate information. Any advance credit of cash or shares expected to be
received as a result of any corporate action shall be subject to actual
collection and may, when the Custodian deems collection unlikely, be reversed by
the Custodian. The Custodian shall notify the Fund at least 48 hours prior to
any such reversal.
The Custodian may at any time or times in its discretion appoint (and may
at any time remove) agents (other than Subcustodians) to carry out some or all
of the administrative provisions of this Agreement (AGENTS), provided, however,
that the appointment of such agent shall not relieve the
<PAGE>
Custodian of its administrative obligations under this Agreement.
7. CASH ACCOUNTS, DEPOSITS AND MONEY MOVEMENTS. Subject to the terms and
conditions set forth in this Section 7, the Fund hereby authorizes the Custodian
to open and maintain, with itself or with Subcustodians, cash accounts in United
States Dollars, in such other currencies as are the currencies of the countries
in which the Fund maintains Investments or in such other currencies as the Fund
shall from time to time request by Instruction.
7.1 TYPES OF CASH ACCOUNTS. Cash accounts opened on the books of the
Custodian (PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTS) shall be opened in the name of the Fund.
Such accounts collectively shall be a deposit obligation of the Custodian
and shall be subject to the terms of this Section 7 and the general
liability provisions contained in Section 9. Cash accounts opened on the
books of a Subcustodian may be opened in the name of the Fund or the
Custodian or in the name of the Custodian for its customers generally
(AGENCY ACCOUNTS). Such deposits shall be obligations of the Subcustodian
and shall be treated as an Investment of the Fund. Accordingly, the
Custodian shall be responsible for exercising reasonable care in the
administration of such accounts but shall not be liable for their repayment
in the event such Subcustodian, by reason of its bankruptcy, insolvency or
sovereign risk/force majeure, fails to make repayment unless (a) such
Subcustodian is a parent, subsidiary or otherwise affiliated with the
Custodian or (b) the Custodian's negligence, bad faith or willful
misconduct was the direct cause of the Subcustodian failing to make the
repayment or (c) a transaction or other matter between the Custodian and
Subcustodian unrelated to the Funds was the cause of the Subcustodian
failing to make repayment. Under (a), (b) or (c) the Custodian shall be
liable for the repayment.
7.2 PAYMENTS AND CREDITS WITH RESPECT TO THE CASH ACCOUNTS. The
Custodian shall make payments from or deposits to any of said accounts in
the course of carrying out its administrative duties, including but not
limited to income collection with respect to the Fund's Investments, and
otherwise in accordance with Instructions. The Custodian and its
Subcustodians shall be required to credit amounts to the cash accounts only
when moneys are actually received in cleared funds in accordance with
banking practice in the country and currency of deposit. Any credit made to
any Principal or Agency Account before actual receipt of cleared funds
shall be provisional and may be reversed by the Custodian in the event such
payment is not actually collected. The Custodian shall provide the Fund
with at least 48 hours notice prior to any such reversal. Unless otherwise
specifically agreed in writing by the Custodian or any Subcustodian, all
deposits shall be payable only at the branch of the Custodian or
Subcustodian where the deposit is made or carried.
7.3 CURRENCY AND RELATED RISKS. The Fund bears risks of holding or
transacting in any currency. The Custodian shall not be liable for any loss
or damage arising from the applicability of any law or regulation now or
hereafter in effect, or from the occurrence of any event, which may delay
or affect the transferability, convertibility or availability of any
currency in the country (a) in which such Principal or Agency Accounts are
maintained or (b) in which such currency is issued, and in no event shall
the Custodian be obligated to make payment of a deposit denominated in a
currency during the period during which its transferability, convertibility
or
<PAGE>
availability has been affected by any such law, regulation or event. The
Custodian shall notify the Fund in the event it is aware that the Fund is
entering into a transaction that is, to its knowledge, illegal under local
law. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, neither the
Custodian nor any Subcustodian shall be required to repay any deposit made
at a foreign branch of either the Custodian or Subcustodian if such branch
cannot repay the deposit due to a cause for which the Custodian would not
be responsible in accordance with the terms of Section 9 of this Agreement
unless the Custodian or such Subcustodian expressly agrees in writing to
repay the deposit under such circumstances. All currency transactions in
any account opened pursuant to this Agreement are subject to exchange
control regulations of the United States and of the country where such
currency is the lawful currency or where the account is maintained. Any
taxes, costs, charges or fees imposed on the convertibility of a currency
held by the Fund shall be for the account of the Fund unless such taxes,
costs, charges or fees were due to an error by the Custodian or
Subcustodian.
7.4 FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS. The Custodian shall, subject to the
terms of this Section, settle foreign exchange transactions (including
contracts, futures, options and options on futures) on behalf and for the
account of the Fund with such currency brokers or banking institutions,
including Subcustodians, as the Fund may direct pursuant to Instructions.
The Custodian may act as principal in any foreign exchange transaction with
the Fund in accordance with Section 7.4.2 of this Agreement. The
obligations of the Custodian in respect of all foreign exchange
transactions (whether or not the Custodian shall act as principal in such
transaction) shall be contingent on the free, unencumbered transferability
of the currency transacted on the actual settlement date of the
transaction.
7.4.1 THIRD PARTY FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS. The Custodian
shall process foreign exchange transactions (including without
limitation contracts, futures, options, and options on futures), where
any third party acts as principal counterparty to the Fund on the same
basis it performs duties as agent for the Fund with respect to any
other of the Fund's Investments. Accordingly the Custodian shall only
be responsible for delivering or receiving currency on behalf of the
Fund in respect of such contracts pursuant to Instructions. The
Custodian shall not be responsible for the failure of any counterparty
(including any Subcustodian) in such agency transaction to perform its
obligations thereunder unless (a) such counterparty is a parent,
subsidiary or otherwise affiliated with the Custodian or (b) the
Custodian's negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct was the direct
cause of the counterparty failing to perform its obligations or (c) a
transaction or other matter between the Custodian and the counterparty
unrelated to the Funds was the cause of the counterparty's failure to
perform. Under (a), (b), or (c), the Custodian shall be liable. The
Custodian (a) shall transmit cash and Instructions to and from the
currency broker or banking institution with which a foreign exchange
contract or option has been executed pursuant hereto, (b) may make
free outgoing payments of cash in the form of Dollars or foreign
currency without receiving confirmation of a foreign exchange contract
or option or confirmation that the countervalue currency completing
the foreign exchange contract has been delivered or received or that
the option has been delivered or received, and (c) shall hold all
confirmations, certificates and other documents and agreements
received by the Custodian and evidencing or relating to such foreign
exchange transactions in safekeeping. The Fund accepts full
responsibility for its use of third-party foreign exchange dealers and
for execution of said foreign exchange contracts and options and
understands that the Fund shall be responsible for any and all costs
and interest charges which may be incurred by the Fund or the
Custodian as a result of the failure or delay of third parties to
deliver foreign exchange. The Custodian or Subcustodian shall
respectively be responsible for any failure or delay of third parties
to deliver foreign exchange when either of those parties respectively
is a parent, subsidiary or otherwise affiliated with such third party.
<PAGE>
7.4.2 FOREIGN EXCHANGE WITH THE CUSTODIAN AS PRINCIPAL. The
Custodian may undertake foreign exchange transactions with the Fund as
principal as the Custodian and the Fund may agree from time to time.
In such event, the foreign exchange transaction will be performed in
accordance with the particular agreement of the parties, or in the
event a principal foreign exchange transaction is initiated by
Instruction in the absence of specific agreement, such transaction
will be performed in accordance with the usual commercial terms of the
Custodian.
7.5 DELAYS. If no event of Force Majeure shall have occurred and be
continuing and in the event that a delay shall have been caused by the
negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct of the Custodian in carrying
out an Instruction to credit or transfer cash, the Custodian shall be
liable to the Fund: (a) with respect to Principal Accounts, for interest to
be calculated at the rate customarily paid on such deposit and currency by
the Custodian on overnight deposits at the time the delay occurs for the
period from the day when the transfer should have been effected until the
day it is in fact effected; and, (b) with respect to Agency Accounts, for
interest to be calculated at the rate customarily paid on such deposit and
currency by the Subcustodian on overnight deposits at the time the delay
occurs for the period from the day when the transfer should have been
effected until the day it is in fact effected. The Custodian shall not be
liable for delays in carrying out such Instructions to transfer cash which
are not due to the Custodian's own negligence, bad faith or willful
misconduct. The Custodian shall make reasonable attempts where possible to
mitigate any such delays.
7.6 ADVANCES. If, for any reason in the conduct of its safekeeping
duties pursuant to Section 5 hereof or its administration of the Fund's
assets pursuant to Section 6 hereof, the Custodian or any Subcustodian
advances monies to facilitate settlement or otherwise for benefit of the
Fund (whether or not any Principal or Agency Account shall be overdrawn
either during, or at the end of, any Business Day), Fund hereby does:
7.6.1 grant to the Custodian a continuing security interest in
certain Investments (as mutually agreed from time to time) as security
for such Advance such security interest to be effective only as long
as such Advance remain outstanding; and,
7.6.2 agree that the Custodian may secure the resulting Advance
by perfecting a security interest in such Investments under Applicable
Law.
The Custodian shall promptly notify the Fund of any such Advances and the
time at which such Advances must be repaid. Such Advances shall be deemed a
loan payable on demand, bearing interest at the rate customarily charged by
the Custodian on similar loans.
Neither the Custodian nor any Subcustodian shall be obligated to
advance monies to the Fund, and in the event that such Advance occurs, any
transaction giving rise to an Advance shall be for the account and risk of
the Fund and shall not be deemed to be a transaction undertaken by the
Custodian for its own account and risk. If such Advance shall have been
made by a Subcustodian or any other person, the Custodian may assign any
rights granted to the Custodian hereunder to such Subcustodian or other
person. If the Fund shall fail to repay when due the principal balance of
an Advance and accrued and unpaid interest thereon, the Custodian or its
assignee, as the case may be, shall be entitled to utilize the available
cash balance in the applicable Series Agency or Principal Account and to
dispose of any agreed upon Investments to the extent necessary to recover
payment of all principal of, and interest on, such
<PAGE>
Advance in full. The Custodian may assign any rights it has hereunder to a
Subcustodian or third party. Any security interest in Investments taken
hereunder shall be treated as Financial Assets credited to Securities
Accounts under Articles 8 and 9 of the UCC. Accordingly, the Custodian
shall have the rights and benefits of a secured creditor that is a
Securities Intermediary under such Articles 8 and 9.
7.7 INTEGRATED ACCOUNT. For purposes hereof, deposits maintained in
all Principal Accounts for each Series of each Fund (whether or not
denominated in Dollars) shall collectively constitute a single and
indivisible current account with respect to that series' obligations to the
Custodian, or its assignee, and balances in such Principal Accounts shall
be available for satisfaction of that series' obligations under this
Section 7. The Custodian shall further have a right of offset against the
balances in any Agency Account maintained hereunder to the extent that the
aggregate of all Principal Accounts is overdrawn.
8. SUBCUSTODIANS AND SECURITIES DEPOSITORIES. Subject to the provisions
hereinafter set forth in this Section 8, the Fund hereby authorizes the
Custodian to utilize Securities Depositories to act on behalf of the Fund and to
appoint from time to time and to utilize Subcustodians. With respect to
securities and funds held by a Subcustodian, either directly or indirectly
(including by a Securities Depository or Clearing Corporation), notwithstanding
any provisions of this Agreement to the contrary, payment for securities
purchased and delivery of securities sold may be made prior to receipt of
securities or payment, respectively, and securities or payment may be received
in a form, in accordance with (a) governmental regulations, (b) rules of
Securities Depositories and clearing agencies, (c) generally accepted trade
practice in the applicable local market, (d) the terms and characteristics of
the particular Investment, or (e) the terms of Instructions.
8.1 DOMESTIC SUBCUSTODIANS AND SECURITIES DEPOSITORIES. The Custodian
may deposit and/or maintain, either directly or through one or more agents
appointed by the Custodian, Investments of the Fund in any Securities
Depository in the United States, including The Depository Trust Company,
provided such Depository meets applicable requirements of the Federal
Reserve Bank or of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Custodian
may, at any time and from time to time, appoint any bank as defined in
Section 2(a)(5) of the 1940 Act meeting the requirements of a custodian
under Section 17(f) of the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations
thereunder, to act on behalf of the Fund as a Subcustodian for purposes of
holding Investments of the Fund in the United States.
8.2 FOREIGN SUBCUSTODIANS AND SECURITIES DEPOSITORIES. The Custodian
may
<PAGE>
deposit and/or maintain non-U.S. Investments of the Fund in any non-U.S.
Securities Depository provided such Securities Depository meets the
requirements of an "eligible foreign custodian" under Rule 17f-5
promulgated under the 1940 Act, or any successor rule or regulation ("Rule
17f-5") or which by order of the Securities and Exchange Commission is
exempted therefrom. Additionally, the Custodian may, at any time and from
time to time, appoint (a) any bank, trust company or other entity meeting
the requirements of an ELIGIBLE FOREIGN CUSTODIAN under Rule 17f-5 or which
by order of the Securities and Exchange Commission is exempted therefrom,
or (b) any bank as defined in Section 2(a)(5) of the 1940 Act meeting the
requirements of a custodian under Section 17(f) of the 1940 Act and the
rules and regulations thereunder, to act on behalf of the Fund as a
Subcustodian for purposes of holding Investments of the Fund outside the
United States. Such appointment of foreign Subcustodians shall be subject
to approval of the Fund in accordance with Subsections 8.2.1 and 8.2.2.
8.2.1 BOARD APPROVAL OF FOREIGN SUBCUSTODIANS. Unless and except
to the extent that review of certain matters concerning the
appointment of Subcustodians shall have been delegated to the
Custodian pursuant to Subsection 8.2.2, the Custodian shall, prior to
the appointment of any Subcustodian for purposes of holding
Investments of the Fund outside the United States, obtain written
confirmation of the approval of the Board of Trustees or Directors of
the Fund with respect to (a) the identity of a Subcustodian, (b) the
country or countries in which, and the Securities Depositories, if
any, through which, any proposed Subcustodian is authorized to hold
Investments of the Fund, and (c) the Subcustodian agreement which
shall govern such appointment. Each such duly approved country,
Subcustodian and Securities Depository shall be listed on Appendix A
attached hereto as the same may from time to time be amended.
8.2.2 DELEGATION OF BOARD REVIEW OF SUBCUSTODIANS. From time to
time, the Custodian may offer to perform, and the Fund may accept that
the Custodian perform, certain reviews of Subcustodians and of
Subcustodian Contracts as delegate of the Fund's Board. In such event,
the Custodian's duties and obligations with respect to this delegated
review will be performed in accordance with the terms of Exhibit 2 of
this Agreement [the separate Delegation Agreement between the Fund and
the Custodian].
8.3 RESPONSIBILITY FOR SUBCUSTODIANS. The Custodian shall be liable to
the Fund for any loss or damage to the Fund caused by or resulting from the
acts or omissions of any Subcustodian to the extent that such acts or
omissions would be deemed to be negligence, gross negligence, willful
misconduct or bad faith in accordance with the terms of the relevant
subcustodian agreement under the laws, circumstances and practices
prevailing in the place where the act or omission occurred. In the
countries indicated in Appendix B to this Agreement, the liability of the
Custodian shall be subject to the additional condition that the Custodian
actually recovers such loss or damage from the Subcustodian.
8.4 NEW COUNTRIES. The Fund shall be responsible for informing the
Custodian sufficiently in advance of a proposed investment which is to be
held in a country in which no Subcustodian is authorized to act in order
that the Custodian shall, if it deems appropriate to do so, have sufficient
time to establish a subcustodial arrangement in accordance herewith. In the
event, however, the Custodian is unable to establish such arrangements
prior to the time such Investment is to be acquired, the Custodian is
authorized to designate at its discretion a local safekeeping agent, and
the use of such local safekeeping agent shall be at the sole risk of the
Fund, and accordingly the Custodian shall be responsible to the Fund for
the actions of such agent if and only to the extent the Custodian shall
have recovered from such agent for any
<PAGE>
damages caused the Fund by such agent. Notwithstanding the above, the
Custodian shall be liable to the extent that (a) such local safekeeping
agent is a parent, subsidiary or otherwise affiliated with the Custodian or
(b) the Custodian's negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct is the
direct cause of the local safekeeping agent failing to make the repayment
or (c) a transaction or other matter between the Custodian and the local
safekeeping agent unrelated to the Funds was the cause of the loss or
damage. Under (a), (b) or (c) the Custodian shall be liable.
9. RESPONSIBILITY OF THE CUSTODIAN. In performing its duties and obligations
hereunder, the Custodian shall use reasonable care under the facts and
circumstances prevailing in the market where performance is effected. Subject to
the specific provisions of this Section, the Custodian shall be liable for any
direct damage incurred by the Fund in consequence of the Custodian's negligence,
bad faith or willful misconduct. The Custodian hereby indemnifies the Fund and
agrees to hold the Fund harmless from and against all claims and liabilities,
including counsel fees and taxes, incurred or assessed against the Fund to the
extent that such claim or liability arises from the negligence, gross
negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct on the part of the Custodian itself.
If a Fund gives written notice of claim to the Custodian, the Custodian shall
promptly give a written response to the Fund. Not more than 30 days following
the date of such response, unless the Custodian shall not be liable, the
Custodian will pay the amount of such claim or reimburse the Fund for any
payment made by the Fund in respect thereof. In no event shall the Custodian be
liable hereunder for any special, indirect, punitive or consequential damages
arising out of, pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement even if the
Custodian has been advised of the possibility of such damages. It is agreed that
the Custodian shall have no duty to assess the risks inherent in the Fund's
Investments or to provide investment advice with respect to such Investments and
that the Fund as principal shall bear any risks attendant to particular
Investments such as failure of counterparty or issuer. The Custodian shall
provide the Fund with its Market Practice Reports in
<PAGE>
respect of any foreign market where a Series shall place and maintain
Investments. In addition, the Custodian shall provide the Fund with access to
its Global Updates which address topical "market" events.
9.1 FORCE MAJEURE. The Custodian shall not be responsible for any
failure to perform its duties and correspondingly, shall not be liable for
any loss, cost, damage or expense attributable to its failure to perform in
consequence of a force majeure event. FORCE MAJEURE shall mean any
circumstance or event which is beyond the reasonable control of the
Custodian, a Subcustodian or any agent of the Custodian or a Subcustodian
and which adversely affects the performance by the above parties, including
any event caused by, arising out of or involving (a) an act of God, (b)
accident, fire, water damage or explosion, (c) any third party computer,
system or other equipment failure or malfunction caused by any computer
virus or the malfunction or failure of any communications medium, (d) any
third party interruption of the power supply or other utility service, (e)
any strike or other work stoppage, whether partial or total, (f) any delay
or disruption resulting from or reflecting the occurrence of any Sovereign
Risk, (g) any disruption of, or suspension of trading in, the securities,
commodities or foreign exchange markets, whether or not resulting from or
reflecting the occurrence of any Sovereign Risk, (h) any encumbrance on the
transferability of a currency or a currency position on the actual
settlement date of a foreign exchange transaction, whether or not resulting
from or reflecting the occurrence of any Sovereign Risk, or (i) any other
cause similarly beyond the reasonable control of the Custodian, provided
always that this shall not affect the Custodian's duty to indemnify the
Fund for other losses, claims and liabilities for which the Custodian is
bound to indemnify the Fund pursuant to Section 9. The Custodian and the
Subcustodian shall take reasonable steps to mitigate additional damages.
The Custodian shall notify the Fund when it becomes aware of a situation
outlined above. The Fund shall not be responsible for temporary delays in
the performance of its duties and obligations and correspondingly shall not
be liable for any loss, cost, damage or expense attributable to such delay
in consequence of a Force Majeure event as described above affecting the
Fund's principal place of business operations or administration; provided
always that this shall not affect the Fund's duty to indemnify the
Custodian for losses, claims and liabilities for which the Fund is bound to
indemnify the Custodian pursuant to Section 10.
9.2 LIMITATIONS OF PERFORMANCE. The Custodian shall not be responsible
under this Agreement for any failure to perform its duties, and shall not
be liable hereunder for any loss or damage in association with such failure
to perform, for or in consequence of the following causes:
9.2.1 COUNTRY RISK. COUNTRY RISK shall mean, with respect to the
acquisition, ownership, settlement or custody of Investments in a
jurisdiction, all risks relating to, or arising in consequence of,
systemic and markets factors affecting the acquisition, payment for or
ownership of Investments including (a) the prevalence of crime and
corruption, (b) the inaccuracy or unreliability of business and
financial information, (c) the instability or volatility of banking
and financial systems, or the absence or inadequacy of an
infrastructure to support such systems, (d) custody and settlement
infrastructure of the market in which such Investments are transacted
and held, (e) the acts, omissions and operation of any Securities
Depository, (f) the risk of the bankruptcy or insolvency of banking
agents, counterparties to cash and securities transactions, registrars
or transfer agents, and (g) the existence of market conditions which
prevent the orderly execution or
<PAGE>
settlement of transactions or which affect the value of assets. The
Custodian shall provide the Fund with its Market Practice Reports in
respect of any foreign market where a Series shall place and maintain
Investments. Such Market Practice Report may describe some of the
Country Risks outlined above. In addition, the Custodian shall provide
the Fund with access to its Global Updates which may describe some
timely Country Risks outlined above.
9.2.2 SOVEREIGN RISK. SOVEREIGN RISK shall mean, in respect of
any jurisdiction, including the United States of America, where
Investments are acquired or held hereunder or under a Subcustody
Agreement, (a) any act of war, terrorism, riot, insurrection or civil
commotion, (b) the imposition of any investment, repatriation or
exchange control restrictions by any Governmental Authority, (c) the
confiscation, expropriation or nationalization of any Investments by
any Governmental Authority, whether de facto or de jure, (d) any
devaluation or revaluation of the currency, (e) the imposition of
taxes, levies or other charges affecting Investments, (f) any change
in the Applicable Law, or (g) any other economic or political risk
incurred or experienced. The Custodian shall provide the Fund with its
Market Practice Reports in respect of any foreign market where a
Series shall place and maintain Investments. Such Market Practice
Report may describe some of the Sovereign Risks outlined above. In
addition, the Custodian shall provide the Fund with access to its
Global Updates which may describe some timely Sovereign Risks outlined
above.
9.3 LIMITATIONS ON LIABILITY. The Custodian shall not be liable for
any loss, claim, damage or other liability arising from the following
causes:
9.3.1 FAILURE OF THIRD PARTIES. The failure of any third party
including: (a) any issuer of Investments or book-entry or other agent
of and issuer; (b) any counterparty with respect to any Investment,
including any issuer of exchange-traded or other futures, option,
derivative or commodities contract; (c) failure of an Investment
Advisor, Foreign Custody Manager or other agent of the Fund; or (d)
failure of other third parties similarly beyond the control or choice
of the Custodian unless: (a) any such third party is a parent,
subsidiary or otherwise affiliated with the Custodian or (b) the
Custodian's negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct was the direct
cause of the failure of the third party or (c) a transaction or other
matter between the Custodian and the third party unrelated to the
Funds was the cause of the failure of the third party. Under (a), (b),
or (c) the Custodian shall be liable for the failure of such third
party.
9.3.2 INFORMATION SOURCES. The Custodian may rely upon
information received from issuers of Investments or agents of such
issuers, information received from Subcustodians and from other
commercially reasonable sources such as commercial data bases and the
like, but shall not be responsible for specific inaccuracies in such
information, provided that the Custodian has relied upon such
information in good faith, or for the failure of any commercially
reasonable information provider.
9.3.3 RELIANCE ON INSTRUCTION. Action by the Custodian or the
Subcustodian in accordance with an Instruction, even when such action
conflicts with, or is contrary to any provision of, the Fund's
declaration of trust, certificate of incorporation or by-laws,
Applicable Law, or actions by the trustees, directors or shareholders
of the Fund. If the Custodian or Subcustodian is aware of any of the
above, it shall promptly contact an officer of the Fund.
<PAGE>
9.3.4 RESTRICTED SECURITIES. The limitations inherent in the
rights, transferability or similar investment characteristics of a
given Investment of the Fund.
10.INDEMNIFICATION. The Fund hereby indemnifies the Custodian and each
Subcustodian, and their respective agents, nominees and the partners, employees,
officers and directors, and agrees to hold each of them harmless from and
against all claims and liabilities, including counsel fees and taxes, incurred
or assessed against any of them in connection with the performance of this
Agreement and any Instruction except to the extent that such claim or liability
is the result of the negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct of the
Custodian or Subcustodian. If a Subcustodian or any other person indemnified
under the preceding sentence, gives written notice of claim to the Custodian,
the Custodian shall promptly give written notice to the Fund. Not more than
thirty days following the date of such notice, unless the Custodian shall be
liable under Section 8 hereof in respect of such claim, the Fund will pay the
amount of such claim or reimburse the Custodian for any payment made by the
Custodian in respect thereof.
11. REPORTS AND RECORDS. The Custodian shall:
11.1 create and maintain records relating to the performance of its
obligations under this Agreement;
11.2 make available to the Fund, its auditors, agents and employees,
upon reasonable request and during normal business hours of the Custodian,
all records maintained by the Custodian pursuant to Section 11.1 above,
subject, however, to all reasonable security requirements of the Custodian
then applicable to the records of its custody customers generally; and
11.3 make available to the Fund all Electronic Reports; it being
understood that the Custodian shall not be liable hereunder for the
inaccuracy or incompleteness thereof or for errors in any information
included therein except to the extent that such inaccuracy, incompleteness
or errors are the result of the Custodian's negligence, bad faith or
willful misconduct.
<PAGE>
All such reports and records shall, to the extent applicable, be maintained
and preserved in conformity with the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations
thereunder. The Fund shall examine all records, howsoever produced or
transmitted, promptly upon receipt thereof and notify the Custodian promptly of
any discrepancy or error therein. Unless the Fund delivers written notice of any
such discrepancy or error within a reasonable time after its receipt thereof,
such records shall be deemed to be true and accurate. It is understood that the
Custodian now obtains and will in the future obtain information on the value of
assets from outside sources which may be utilized in certain reports made
available to the Fund. The Custodian deems such sources to be reliable but it is
acknowledged and agreed that the Custodian does not verify nor represent nor
warrant as to the accuracy or completeness of such information and accordingly
shall be without liability in selecting and using such sources and furnishing
such information as long as the Custodian has shown due diligence in attempting
to receive complete and accurate information.
12. MISCELLANEOUS.
12.1 PROXIES, ETC. The Fund will promptly execute and deliver, upon
request, such proxies, powers of attorney or other instruments as may be
necessary or desirable for the Custodian to provide, or to cause any
Subcustodian to provide, custody services.
12.2 ENTIRE AGREEMENT. Except as specifically provided herein, this
Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the Fund and the
Custodian with respect to the subject matter hereof. Accordingly, this
Agreement supersedes any custody agreement or other oral or written
agreements heretofore in effect between the Fund and the Custodian with
respect to the custody of the Fund's Investments.
12.3 WAIVER AND AMENDMENT. No provision of this Agreement may be
waived, amended or modified, and no addendum to this Agreement shall be or
become effective, or be waived, amended or modified, except by an
instrument in writing executed by the party against which enforcement of
such waiver, amendment or modification is sought; provided, however, that
an Instruction shall, whether or not such Instruction shall constitute a
waiver, amendment or modification for purposes hereof, shall be deemed to
have been accepted by the Custodian when it commences actions pursuant
thereto or in accordance therewith.
<PAGE>
12.4 GOVERNING LAW AND JURISDICTION. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE CONSTRUED
IN ACCORDANCE WITH, AND BE GOVERNED BY THE LAWS OF, THE STATE OF NEW YORK,
WITHOUT GIVING EFFECT TO THE CONFLICTS OF LAW OF SUCH STATE.
12.5 NOTICES. Notices and other writings contemplated by this
Agreement, other than Instructions, shall be delivered (a) by hand, (b) by
first class registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt
requested, (c) by a nationally recognized overnight courier or (d) by
facsimile transmission, provided that any notice or other writing sent by
facsimile transmission shall also be mailed, postage prepaid, to the party
to whom such notice is addressed. All such notices shall be addressed, as
follows:
If to the Fund:
Vanguard Group
P.O. Box 2600
Valley Forge, PA 19482
Attn: Controller
Telephone: (610) 669-6106
Facsimile: (610) 669-6112
If to the Custodian:
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
40 Water Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02109
Attn: Manager, Investor Services Department
Telephone: (617) 772-1818
Facsimile: (617) 772-2263,
or such other address as the Fund or the Custodian may have designated in
writing to the other.
12.6 HEADINGS. Paragraph headings included herein are for convenience
of reference only and shall not modify, define, expand or limit any of the
terms or provisions hereof.
12.7 COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in any number of
counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original. This Agreement
shall become effective when one or more counterparts have been signed and
delivered by the Fund and the Custodian.
12.8 CONFIDENTIALITY. The parties hereto agree that each shall treat
confidentially the terms and conditions of this Agreement and all
information provided by each party to the other regarding its business and
operations. All confidential information provided by a party hereto shall
be used by any other party hereto solely for the purpose of rendering or
obtaining services pursuant to this Agreement and, except as may be
required in carrying out this Agreement, shall not be disclosed to any
third party without the prior consent of such providing party. The
<PAGE>
foregoing shall not be applicable to any information that is publicly
available when provided or thereafter becomes publicly available other than
through a breach of this Agreement, or that is required to be disclosed by
or to any bank examiner of the Custodian or any Subcustodian, any
Regulatory Authority, any auditor of the parties hereto, or by judicial or
administrative process or otherwise by Applicable Law.
12.9 COUNSEL. In fulfilling its duties hereunder, the Custodian shall
be entitled to receive and act upon the advice of (i) counsel regularly
retained by the Custodian in respect of such matters, (ii) counsel for the
Fund or (iii) such counsel as the Fund and the Custodian may agree upon,
with respect to all matters, and the Custodian shall be without liability
for any action reasonably taken or omitted pursuant to such advice (except
to the extent that such action was due to the Custodian's negligence, bad
faith or willful misconduct).
13. DEFINITIONS. The following defined terms will have the respective meanings
set forth below.
13.1 ADVANCE shall mean any extension of credit by or through the
Custodian or by or through any Subcustodian and shall include amounts paid
to third parties for the account of the Fund or in discharge of any
expense, tax or other item payable by the Fund.
13.2 AGENCY ACCOUNT shall mean any deposit account opened on the books
of a Subcustodian or other banking institution in accordance with Section
7.1.
13.3 AGENT shall have the meaning set forth in the last paragraph of
Section 6.
13.4 APPLICABLE LAW shall mean with respect to each jurisdiction, all
(a) laws, statutes, treaties, regulations, guidelines (or their
equivalents); (b) orders, interpretations licenses and permits; and (c)
judgments, decrees, injunctions writs, orders and similar actions by a
court of competent jurisdiction; compliance with which is required or
customarily observed in such jurisdiction.
13.5 AUTHORIZED PERSON shall mean any person or entity authorized to
give Instructions on behalf of the Fund in accordance with Section 4.1.
13.6 BOOK-ENTRY AGENT shall mean an entity acting as agent for the
issuer of Investments for purposes of recording ownership or similar
entitlement to Investments, including without limitation a transfer agent
or registrar.
13.7 CLEARING CORPORATION shall mean any entity or system established
for purposes of providing securities settlement and movement and associated
functions for a given market.
13.8 DELEGATION AGREEMENT shall mean any separate agreement entered
into between the Custodian and the Fund or its authorized representative
with respect to certain matters concerning the appointment and
administration of Subcustodians delegated to the Custodian pursuant to Rule
17f-5 under the 1940 Act.
<PAGE>
13.9 FOREIGN CUSTODY MANAGER shall mean the Fund's foreign custody
manager appointed pursuant to Rule 17f-5 under the 1940 Act.
13.10 FUNDS TRANSFER SERVICES AGREEMENT shall mean any separate
agreement entered into between the Custodian and the Fund or its authorized
representative with respect to certain matters concerning the processing of
payment orders from Principal Accounts of the Fund.
13.11 INSTRUCTION(S) shall have the meaning assigned in Section 4.
13.12 INVESTMENT ADVISOR shall mean any investment advisor as defined
in Section 202 (a)(11) of the Investment Advisors Act of 1940.
13.13 INVESTMENTS shall mean any investment asset of the Fund,
including without limitation securities, bonds, notes, and debentures as
well as receivables, derivatives, contractual rights or entitlements and
other intangible assets.
13.14 MARGIN ACCOUNT shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.4
hereof.
13.15 PRINCIPAL ACCOUNT shall mean deposit accounts of the Fund
carried on the books of BBH&Co. as principal in accordance with Section 7.
13.16 SAFEKEEPING ACCOUNT shall mean an account established on the
books of the Custodian or any Subcustodian for purposes of segregating the
interests of the Fund (or clients of the Custodian or Subcustodian) from
the assets of the Custodian or any Subcustodian.
13.17 SECURITIES DEPOSITORY shall mean a central or book entry system
or agency established under Applicable Law for purposes of recording the
ownership and/or entitlement to investment securities for a given market.
13.18 SUBCUSTODIAN shall mean each foreign bank appointed by the
Custodian pursuant to Section 8, but shall not include Securities
Depositories.
13.19 TRI-PARTY AGREEMENT shall have the meaning set forth in Section
6.4 hereof.
13.20 1940 ACT shall mean the Investment Company Act of 1940.
14. COMPENSATION. The Fund agrees to pay to the Custodian for its services under
this Agreement such amount as may be agreed upon in writing from time to time
("Fee Schedule").
15. SEVERAL OBLIGATIONS OF THE FUNDS: With respect to any obligations of the
Funds and their
<PAGE>
related accounts arising hereunder, the Custodian shall look for payment or
satisfaction of any such obligation solely to the assets and property of the
Fund and such accounts to which such obligation relates as though each
investment company had separately contracted with the Custodian by separate
written instrument with respect to each Fund and its accounts. The Custodian and
each Subcustodian realize that the Fund is comprised of one or more Series. The
Custodian and each Subcustodian agree that it will honor and abide by any and
all Instructions or notices which the Custodian or Subcustodian may receive from
time to time from the Fund with respect to designating, marking, allocating or
otherwise attributing securities to or for the benefit of any one Series.
16. TERMINATION. This Agreement may be terminated by either party in accordance
with the provisions of this Section. The provisions of this Agreement and any
other rights or obligations incurred or accrued by any party hereto prior to
termination of this Agreement shall survive any termination of this Agreement.
This Agreement may be terminated as to one or more Funds (but less than all
the Funds) by delivery of an amended Schedule 1 deleting all such Funds, in
which case termination as to the deleted Funds shall take effect seventy-five
days after the date of such delivery. The execution and delivery of an amended
Schedule 1 which deletes one or more Funds, shall constitute a termination
hereof only with respect to such deleted Funds, shall be governed by the
provisions of Section 16.2 as to the identification of a successor custodian and
the delivery of Investments of the Fund so deleted to such successor custodian,
and shall not affect the obligations of the Custodian hereunder with respect to
the other Funds set forth in Schedule 1, as amended from time to time.
<PAGE>
16.1 NOTICE AND EFFECT. This Agreement may be terminated by either
party by written notice effective no sooner than seventy-five days
following the date that notice to such effect shall be delivered to other
party at its address set forth in paragraph 12.5 hereof.
16.2 SUCCESSOR CUSTODIAN. In the event of the appointment of a
successor custodian, it is agreed that the Investments of the Fund held by
the Custodian or any Subcustodian shall be delivered to the successor
custodian in accordance with reasonable Instructions. The Custodian agrees
to cooperate with the Fund in the execution of documents and performance of
other actions necessary or desirable in order to facilitate the succession
of the new custodian. If no successor custodian shall be appointed, the
Custodian shall in like manner transfer the Fund's Investments in
accordance with Instructions.
16.3 DELAYED SUCCESSION. If no Instruction has been given as of the
effective date of termination, Custodian may at any time on or after such
termination date and upon ten days written notice to the Fund either (a)
deliver the Investments of the Fund held hereunder to the Fund at the
address designated for receipt of notices hereunder; or (b) deliver any
investments held hereunder to a bank or trust company having a
capitalization of $2M USD equivalent and operating under the Applicable law
of the jurisdiction where such Investments are located, such delivery to be
at the risk of the Fund. In the event that Investments or moneys of the
Fund remain in the custody of the Custodian or its Subcustodians after the
date of termination owing to the failure of the Fund to issue Instructions
with respect to their disposition or owing to the fact that such
disposition could not be accomplished in accordance with such Instructions
despite diligent efforts of the Custodian, the Custodian shall be entitled
to compensation for its services with respect to such Investments and
moneys during such period as the Custodian or its Subcustodians retain
possession of such items and the provisions of this Agreement shall remain
in full force and effect until disposition in accordance with this Section
is accomplished.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties hereto has caused this Agreement to be
duly executed as of the date first above written.
By:_______________________________
On behalf of the Funds listed on Schedule 1 hereto
BROWN BROTHERS HARRIMAN & CO.
By:_______________________________
<PAGE>
SCHEDULE 1 TO
CUSTODIAN AGREEMENT
BETWEEN
CERTAIN OPEN-END MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES ("FUNDS")
and BROWN BROTHERS HARRIMAN & CO.
The following is a list of Funds and their Series for which the Custodian shall
serve under a Custodian Agreement dated as of July 20, 1999 (the "Agreement"):
The following series of Vanguard International Equity Index Funds:
Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund
Vanguard European Stock Index Fund
Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund
The following series of Vanguard Horizon Funds:
Vanguard Global Asset Allocation Fund
Vanguard Global Equity Fund
The following series of Vanguard Trustees' Equity Fund:
Vanguard International Value Fund
Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds-International Portfolio
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties hereto has caused this Appendix to be
executed in its name and on behalf of such Funds.
FUNDS BROWN BROTHERS HARRIMAN & CO.
By: _________________________ By: ____________________________
Name: _______________________ Name: __________________________
Title: ______________________ Title: _________________________
<PAGE>
BROWN BROTHERS HARRIMAN & CO. - GLOBAL CUSTODY NETWORK
VANGUARD
APPENDIX A
COUNTRY SUBCUSTODIAN DEPOSITORIES
- ------- ------------ ------------
ARGENTINA CITIBANK NA, BUENOS AIRES Caja de Valores
CRYL
Citibank, N.A., New York Agt. 7/16/81
New York Agreement Amendment 8/31/90
New York Agreement Amendment 7/26/96
AUSTRALIA NATIONAL AUSTRALIA BANK LTD. (NAB) Austraclear Ltd.
CHESS
National Australia Bank Agt. 5/1/85 Reserve Bank of Australia
Agreement Amendment 2/13/92
Omnibus Amendment 11/22/93
AUSTRIA BANK AUSTRIA AG OeKB
Creditanstalt Bankverein Agreement 12/18/89
Omnibus Amendment 1/17/94
BAHRAIN HSBC BANK MIDDLE EAST, BAHRAIN FOR None
HONGKONG & SHANGHAI BANKING CORP. LTD. (HSBC)
Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corp. Agt. 4/19/91
Omnibus Supplement 12/29/93
Schedule 5/14/96
BBME Supplement 5/14/96
Side Letter Agreement dated 7/28/97
BANGLADESH STANDARD CHARTERED BANK (SCB), DHAKA None Standard Chartered Bank
Agreement 2/18/92 Omnibus Amendment 6/13/94 Appendix 4/8/96
BELGIUM BANK BRUSSELS LAMBERT (BBL) CIK
National Bank of Belgium
Banque Bruxelles Lambert Agt. 11/15/90
Omnibus Amendment 3/1/94
BERMUDA BANK OF N.T. BUTTERFIELD & SON LTD. None
The Bank of N.T. Butterfield & Son Ltd.
Agreement 5/27/97
BOTSWANA STANBIC BANK BOTSWANA LTD FOR STANDARD None
BANK OF SOUTH AFRICA (SBSA)
Standard Bank of South Africa Agreement 3/11/94
Subsidiary Amendment 9/29/97
BRAZIL BANKBOSTON NA, SAO PAULO CBLC
CLC
The First National Bank of Boston Agreement 1/5/88
Omnibus Amendment 2/22/94
Amendment 7/29/96
BULGARIA ING BANK NV, SOFIA CDAD
BNB
ING Bank N.V. Agreement 9/15/97
Page 1 of 8
<PAGE>
COUNTRY SUBCUSTODIAN DEPOSITORIES
- ------- ------------ ------------
CANADA ROYAL BANK OF CANADA (RBC) Bank of Canada
The Royal Bank of Canada Agreement CDS
2/23/96
CHILE CITIBANK NA, SANTIAGO DCV
Citibank, N.A., New York Agt. 7/16/81
New York Agreement Amendment 8/31/90
New York Agreement Amendment 7/26/96
CHINA STANDARD CHARTERED BANK (SCB), SHANGHAI SSCCRC
Standard Chartered Bank Agreement 2/18/92
Omnibus Amendment 6/13/94
Appendix 4/8/96
CHINA STANDARD CHARTERED BANK (SCB), SHENZHEN SSCC
Standard Chartered Bank Agreement 2/18/92
Omnibus Amendment 6/13/94
Appendix 4/8/96
COLOMBIA CITITRUST COLOMBIA SA, SOCIEDAD DCV
FIDUCIARIA FOR CITIBANK NA Deceval
Citibank, N.A., New York Agt. 7/16/81
New York Agreement Amendment 8/31/90
New York Agreement Amendment 7/26/96
Citibank, N.A./Cititrust Colombia Agreement 12/2/91
Citibank, N.A. Subsidiary Amendment 10/19/95
CROATIA BANK AUSTRIA CREDITANSTALT CROATIA DD SDA
FOR BANK AUSTRIA AG
Creditanstalt AG / Bank Austria Creditanstalt
Croatia d.d. Agt. 9/1/98
CYPRUS CYPRUS POPULAR BANK LTD. None
***Requires additional documentation prior to investment.***
Cyprus Popular Bank Ltd. Agt. 2/18/98
CZECH REPUBLIC CITIBANK AS FOR CITIBANK NA SCP
Czech National Bank
Citibank, N.A., New York Agt. 7/16/81
New York Agreement Amendment 8/31/90
New York Agreement Amendment 7/26/96
Citibank NA / Citibank AS Agreement 6/24/96
DENMARK DEN DANSKE BANK VP
Den Danske Bank Agreement 1/1/89
Omnibus Amendment 12/1/93
ECUADOR CITIBANK NA, QUITO Decevale
Citibank, N.A., New York Agt. 7/16/81
New York Agreement Amendment 8/31/90
New York Agreement Amendment 7/26/96
Citibank, Quito Side Letter 7/3/95
EGYPT CITIBANK NA, CAIRO MCSD
Citibank, N.A., New York Agt. 7/16/81
New York Agreement Amendment 8/31/90
New York Agreement Amendment 7/26/96
Page 2 of 8
<PAGE>
COUNTRY SUBCUSTODIAN DEPOSITORIES
- ------- ------------ ------------
FINLAND MERITA BANK PLC FCSD
Union Bank of Finland Agreement 2/27/89
Omnibus Amendment 4/6/94
FRANCE CREDIT AGRICOLE INDOSUEZ (CAI) SICOVAM
Banque de France
Banque Indosuez Agreement 7/19/90
Omnibus Amendment 3/10/94
GERMANY DRESDNER BANK DBC
Dresdner Bank Agreement 10/6/95
GHANA MERCHANT BANK (GHANA) LIMITED FOR None STANDARD BANK OF SOUTH
AFRICA (SBSA) ***Requires additional documentation prior to
investment.*** Standard Bank of South Africa Agreement 3/11/94
Subsidiary Amendment Pending
GREECE CITIBANK NA, ATHENS Apothetirion Titlon A.E.
Citibank, N.A., New York Agt. 7/16/81
New York Agreement Amendment 8/31/90
New York Agreement Amendment 7/26/96
HONG KONG HONGKONG & SHANGHAI BANKING HKSCC
CORPORATION LTD. CMU
Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corp. Agt. 4/19/91
Omnibus Supplement 12/29/93
Schedule 5/14/96
HUNGARY CITIBANK BUDAPEST RT. FOR CITIBANK NA KELER Ltd.
Citibank, N.A., New York Agt. 7/16/81
New York Agreement Amendment 8/31/90
New York Agreement Amendment 7/26/96
Citibank, N.A. Subsidiary Amendment 10/19/95
Citibank, N.A. / Citibank Budapest Agreement 6/23/92
Citibank, N.A. / Citibank Budapest Amendment 9/29/92
INDIA DEUTSCHE BANK AG, MUMBAI NSDL
Deutsche Bank Agreement 2/19/96
INDONESIA CITIBANK NA, JAKARTA None
Citibank, N.A., New York Agt. 7/16/81
New York Agreement Amendment 8/31/90
New York Agreement Amendment 7/26/96
IRELAND ALLIED IRISH BANKS PLC (AIB) CrestCo.
Allied Irish Banks Agreement 1/10/89 Gilt Settlement Office
Omnibus Amendment 4/8/94
ISRAEL BANK HAPOALIM BM TASE Clearinghouse Ltd.
Bank Hapoalim Agreement 8/27/92
ITALY BANCA COMMERCIALE ITALIANA (BCI) Monte Titoli
Banca D'Italia
Banca Commerciale Italiana Agreement 5/8/89
Agreement Amendment 10/8/93
Omnibus Amendment 12/14/93
Page 3 of 8
<PAGE>
COUNTRY SUBCUSTODIAN DEPOSITORIES
- ------- ------------ ------------
JAPAN BANK OF TOKYO - MITSUBISHI, LTD. (BTM) JASDEC
Bank of Japan
Bank of Tokyo - Mitsubishi Agreement 6/17/96
JORDAN HSBC BANK MIDDLE EAST, JORDAN FOR None
HONGKONG & SHANGHAI BANKING CORP. (HSBC)
Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corp. Agt. 4/19/91
Omnibus Supplement 12/29/93
Schedule 5/14/96
BBME Supplement 5/14/96
Side letter Agreement dated 7/28/97
KENYA STANBIC BANK KENYA LIMITED FOR STANDARD None
BANK OF SOUTH AFRICA (SBSA)
Standard Bank of South Africa Agreement 3/11/94
Subsidiary Amendment 9/29/97
KOREA CITIBANK NA, SEOUL KSD
Citibank, N.A., New York Agt. 7/16/81
New York Agreement Amendment 8/31/90
New York Agreement Amendment 7/26/96
Citibank, Seoul Agreement Supplement 10/28/94
LEBANON HSBC BANK MIDDLE EAST, LEBANON FOR Midclear
HONGKONG & SHANGHAI BANKING CORP. (HSBC)
Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corp. Agt. 4/19/91
Omnibus Supplement 12/29/93 Schedule 5/14/96 BBME Supplement
5/14/96 Side letter Agreement dated 7/28/97
LUXEMBOURG KREDIETBANK LUXEMBOURG (KBL) Cedel
Kredietbank Luxembourg Agt. 4/7/98
MALAYSIA HONGKONG BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (HBMB) Bank Negara Malaysia
FOR HONGKONG SHANGHAI BANKING CORP. MCD
(HSBC) Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corp. Agt. 4/19/91
Omnibus Supplement 12/29/93
Schedule 5/14/96
Malaysia Subsidiary Supplement 5/23/94
Side letter Agreement dated 7/28/97
MAURITIUS HONGKONG & SHANGHAI BANKING CORP. LTD. CDS
(HSBC), PORT LOUIS
Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corp. Agt. 4/19/91
Omnibus Supplement 12/29/93
Schedule 5/14/96
MEXICO CITIBANK MEXICO SA FOR CITIBANK NA Indeval
Banco de Mexico
Citibank, N.A., New York Agt. 7/16/81
New York Agreement Amendment 8/31/90
New York Agreement Amendment 7/26/96
Citibank Mexico, S.A. Amendment 2/28/95
Page 4 of 8
<PAGE>
COUNTRY SUBCUSTODIAN DEPOSITORIES
- ------- ------------ ------------
MOROCCO CITIBANK MAGHREB, CASABLANCA FOR MAROCLEAR
CITIBANK NA Citibank, N.A., New York Agt. 7/16/81
New York Agreement Amendment 8/31/90
New York Agreement Amendment 7/26/96
Side Letter Agreement Pending
NAMIBIA STANDARD BANK NAMIBIA FOR STANDARD OF None BANK SOUTH AFRICA
(SBSA) Standard Bank of South Africa Agreement 3/11/94 Subsidiary
Amendment 10/3/96
NETHERLANDS ABN-AMRO BANK NV NECIGEF
ABN-AMRO Agreement 12/19/88
MEESPIERSON NV
MeesPierson NV Agreement 6/4/99
NEW ZEALAND NATIONAL AUSTRALIA BANK LTD. (NAB), NZCSD
AUCKLAND
National Australia Bank Agt. 5/1/85
Agreement Amendment 2/13/92
Omnibus Amendment 11/22/93
New Zealand Addendum 3/7/89
NORWAY DEN NORSKE BANK VPS
Den norske Bank Agreement 11/16/94
OMAN HSBC BANK MIDDLE EAST, OMAN FOR Muscat Depository &
HONGKONG & SHANGHAI BANKING CORP. LTD. Securities & Registration
(HSBC)
Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corp. Agt. 4/19/91 Co.
Omnibus Supplement 12/29/93
Schedule 5/14/96
BBME Supplement 5/14/96
Side letter Agreement dated 7/28/97
PAKISTAN STANDARD CHARTERED BANK (SCB), KARACHI CDC
Standard Chartered Bank Agreement 2/18/92
Omnibus Amendment 6/13/94
Appendix 4/8/96
PERU CITIBANK NA, LIMA CAVALI
Citibank, N.A., New York Agt. 7/16/81
New York Agreement Amendment 8/31/90
New York Agreement Amendment 7/26/96
PHILIPPINES CITIBANK NA, MANILA PCD
Citibank, N.A., New York Agt. 7/16/81 ROSS
New York Agreement Amendment 8/31/90
New York Agreement Amendment 7/26/96
POLAND CITIBANK (POLAND) SA FOR CITIBANK NA NDS
National Bank of Poland
Citibank, N.A., New York Agt. 7/16/81
New York Agreement Amendment 8/31/90
New York Agreement Amendment 7/26/96
Citibank Subsidiary Amendment 10/30/95
Citibank, N.A. / Citibank Poland S.A. Agt. 11/6/92
Page 5 of 8
<PAGE>
COUNTRY SUBCUSTODIAN DEPOSITORIES
- ------- ------------ ------------
PORTUGAL BANCO COMERCIAL PORTUGUES SA (BCP) CVM
Banco Comercial Portugues 5/18/98
ROMANIA ING BANK NV, BUCHAREST SNCDD
BSE
ING Bank N.V. Agreement 9/29/97 NBR
RUSSIA BANK CREDIT SUISSE FIRST BOSTON AO VTB
(CSFB AO)FOR CREDIT SUISSE, ZURICH NDC
***Requires signed Amendment to the Custodian Agreement prior
to investment.***
Credit Suisse, Zurich Agreement 4/30/96
CITIBANK T/O FOR CITIBANK NA
***Requires signed Amendment to the Custodian Agreement prior
to investment.***
Citibank, N.A., New York Agt. 7/16/81
New York Agreement Amendment 8/31/90
New York Agreement Amendment 7/26/96
Citibank, N.A. Subsidiary Amendment 10/19/95
Citibank N.A. / Citibank T/O Agt. 6/16/97
Side Letter Agt. 8/18/97
SINGAPORE HONGKONG & SHANGHAI BANKING CORP. LTD. CDP
(HSBC), SINGAPORE
Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corp. Agt. 4/19/91
Omnibus Supplement 12/29/93
Schedule 5/14/96
SLOVAKIA ING BANK NV, BRATISLAVA SCP
National Bank of Slovakia
ING Bank N.V. Agreement 9/1/98
SLOVENIA BANK AUSTRIA DD LJUBLJANA KDD
Master Subcustodian Agreement 4/17/98
Amendment dated 4/17/98
Amendment dated 10/14/98
SOUTH AFRICA STANDARD BANK OF SOUTH AFRICA (SBSA) CD
Standard Bank of South Africa Agreement 3/11/94
SPAIN BANCO SANTANDER CENTRAL HISPANO SA SCLV
(BSCH)
Banco de Espana
Banco de Santander Agreement 12/14/88
SRI LANKA HONGKONG & SHANGHAI BANKING CORP. LTD. CDS
(HSBC), Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corp. Agt. 4/19/91
Omnibus Supplement 12/29/93
Schedule 5/14/96
SWAZILAND STANDARD BANK SWAZILAND LTD FOR None
STANDARD BANK OF SOUTH AFRICA (SBSA)
Standard Bank of South Africa Agreement 3/11/94
Subsidiary Amendment 9/29/97
SWEDEN SKANDINAVISKA ENSKILDA BANKEN (SEB) VPC
Skandinaviska Enskilden Banken Agreement 2/20/89
Omnibus Amendment 12/3/93
Page 6 of 8
<PAGE>
COUNTRY SUBCUSTODIAN DEPOSITORIES
- ------- ------------ ------------
SWITZERLAND UBS AG SIS
Union Bank of Switzerland Agreement 12/20/88
Omnibus Amendment 11/29/94
TAIWAN STANDARD CHARTERED BANK (SCB), TAIPEI TSCD
Standard Chartered Bank Agreement 2/18/92
Omnibus Amendment 6/13/94
Appendix 4/8/96
THAILAND HONGKONG & SHANGHAI BANKING CORP. LTD. TSDC
(HSBC),
Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corp. Agt. 4/19/91
Omnibus Supplement 12/29/93
Schedule 5/14/96
TRANSNATIONAL BROWN BROTHERS HARRIMAN & CO. (BBH&CO.) Cedel
Euroclear
TURKEY CITIBANK NA, ISTANBUL Takasbank
Central Bank of Turkey
Citibank, N.A., New York Agt. 7/16/81
New York Agreement Amendment 8/31/90
New York Agreement Amendment 7/26/96
UNITED KINGDOM HSBC BANK PLC CGO
Midland Bank Agreement 8/8/90 CrestCo.
Omnibus Amendment 12/15/93 CMO
URUGUAY BANKBOSTON NA, MONTEVIDEO None
The First National Bank of Boston Agreement 1/5/88
Omnibus Amendment 2/22/94
Amendment 7/29/96
VENEZUELA CITIBANK NA, CARACAS CVV
Citibank, N.A., New York Agt. 7/16/81
New York Agreement Amendment 8/31/90
New York Agreement Amendment 7/26/96
ZAMBIA STANBIC BANK ZAMBIA LTD FOR STANDARD LuSE Central Shares BANK OF
SOUTH AFRICA (SBSA) Depository Ltd.
BoZ
Standard Bank of South Africa Agreement 3/11/94
Subsidiary Amendment 10/3/96
ZIMBABWE STANBIC BANK ZIMBABWE LTD FOR STANDARD None
BANK OF SOUTH AFRICA (SBSA)
Standard Bank of South Africa Agreement 3/11/94
Subsidiary Amendment 10/3/96
Page 7 of 8
<PAGE>
NOTES:
1.) THE DEPOSITORIES IN CHILE, PANAMA AND VENEZUELA ARE PRESENTLY
ELECTIVE. IT IS NOT THE CURRENT INTENTION OF BROWN BROTHERS HARRIMAN &
CO. TO USE SUCH DEPOSITORIES UNLESS THEIR USE BECOMES COMPULSORY.
EUROCLEAR IS COMPULSORY FOR FIXED INCOME OBLIGATIONS AND ELECTIVE FOR
EQUITIES. CURRENTLY, BROWN BROTHERS HARRIMAN & CO. USES EUROCLEAR FOR
SETTLEMENT OF EQUITIES WHERE WE ARE INSTRUCTED TO DO SO. WE DO NOT USE
EUROCLEAR FOR THE ONGOING SAFEKEEPING OF EQUITIES.
2.) IF YOU ARE AUTHORIZING INVESTMENT IN COSTA RICA, CYPRUS, ESTONIA,
GHANA, LITHUANIA, OR NIGERIA, THESE ARRANGEMENTS ARE THE SUBJECT OF
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IN SCHEDULE A TO THE FCM REPORT.
I HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THE BOARD OR ITS DELEGATE HAS APPROVED THE COUNTRIES AND
CENTRAL DEPOSITORIES LISTED ON THIS APPENDIX
- ----------------------------------
SIGNATURE
NAME: Robert D. Snowden
COMPANY:
(if other than Board)
TITLE: Controller
DATE: July 20, 1999
Page 8 of 8
<PAGE>
BROWN BROTHERS HARRIMAN & CO. - GLOBAL CUSTODY NETWORK
VANGUARD-RECOVER STANDARD MARKETS
APPENDIX B
COUNTRY SUBCUSTODIAN DEPOSITORIES
- ------- ------------ ------------
COSTA RICA BANCO BCT SA CEVAL
***Requires additional documentation prior to investment.***
Master Subcustodian Agreement 8/10/98
CYPRUS CYPRUS POPULAR BANK LTD. None
***Requires additional documentation prior to investment.***
Cyprus Popular Bank Ltd. Agt. 2/18/98
ESTONIA HANSABANK, TALLINN FOR MERITA BANK ECDSL
***Requires additional documentation prior to investment.***
Merita Bank Agreement 12/1/97
GHANA MERCHANT BANK (GHANA) LIMITED FOR None STANDARD BANK OF SOUTH
AFRICA (SBSA) ***Requires additional documentation prior to
investment.*** Standard Bank of South Africa Agreement 3/11/94
Subsidiary Amendment Pending
LITHUANIA VILNIAUS BANKAS, VILNIUS FOR MERITA CSDL
BANK
***Requires additional documentation prior to investment.***
Merita Bank Agreement 12/1/97
Page 1 of 1
<PAGE>
July 1, 1999
FACSIMILE
Ms. Sarah A. Buescher
The Vanguard Group
P. O. Box 2600
Valley Forge, PA 19482-2600
Dear Sarah:
You have requested a statement from us regarding what is known as "Year
2000 Compliance" by which is meant the steps taken to assure that computerized
information and communications systems will retain essential functionality in
transition from the year 1999 to the year 2000. Please accept the following in
response to that request.
You will understand that we are not with respect to yourselves merchants of
software and therefore warranties of merchantability and the like are not
supported by context. Rather, we provide services to you that are in one measure
or another dependent for normal operation on the functionality of various
computer systems and software. Accordingly, allow this letter to confirm that:
(1) we will use reasonable care and diligence in accordance with the terms of
the agreement governing the services to assure that these services are not
compromised by loss of systems or software functionality related to the
succession of the year 2000; (2) we will use reasonable care and diligence to
procure that our agents and subcustodians perform likewise; and, (3) we will use
reasonable care and diligence to provide for alternate means of providing
services in the event that a computer system or software might be negatively
affected by the succession of the year 2000.
Please contact me at (617) 772-1371 if you have any questions.
Sincerely,
W. Casey Gildea
Manager
WCG:arg
Exhibit-99.BJ
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Prospectuses and
Statement of Additional Information constituting parts of this Post-Effective
Amendment No. 27 to the registration statement on Form N-1A (the "Registration
Statement") of our report dated February 2, 2000, relating to the financial
statements and financial highlights appearing in the December 31, 1999 Annual
Report to Shareholders of Vanguard International Value Fund, which are also
incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement. We also consent to
the references to us under the heading "Financial Highlights" in the
Prospectuses and under the headings "Financial Statements" and "Service
Providers - Independent Accountants" in the Statement of Additional Information.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Philadelphia, PA
March 30, 2000
PHILLIPS & DREW INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT LIMITED
VANGUARD INTERNATIONAL VALUE FUND ("THE FUND")
REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO ACCESS PERSONS - OCTOBER 1999
I INTRODUCTION
Certain employees of Phillips & Drew ("P&D") are so closely involved with
the investment management and administration of the Fund that they are
required to comply with additional restrictions and requirements (as set
out below) relating to all their Personal Dealing activities over and
above those contained in Chapter 10 of P&D's Compliance Manual ("P&D
General Personal Account Dealing Rules"). These additional rules also
apply to dealing by the persons and in the circumstances set out in
paragraph 2 of Chapter 10 of P&D's Compliance Manual.
The persons who are required to adhere to these additional provisions are
deemed to be "Access Persons" in relation to the Fund. These requirements
together with the P&D General Personal Account Dealing Rules constitute
the "Code of Ethics" for Vanguard Access Persons.
The current Vanguard Access Persons are:
Wilson Phillips Robin Apps
Matthew Stemp Paul Hilsley
John Pickard Richard West
Piers Bertlin Colin McQueen
Darren Cannon Yvonne Johnson
Mark Penberthy
The list of Access Persons will be reviewed by the Compliance Department
on a regular basis or in response to staff changes.
II PROHIBITED TRANSACTIONS
Access Persons must comply with the following in relation to all their
Personal Account Transactions:
1. ACCESS PERSONS SHALL NOT PURCHASE OR SELL A SECURITY WITHIN THREE DAYS
AFTER the Fund trades in the same (or a related) security. Any trades
within the prescribed period must be unwound and any gain must be
relinquished.
2. ACCESS PERSONS WHO PURCHASE A SECURITY WITHIN SEVEN DAYS BEFORE the Fund
buys the same (or a related) security shall be PROHIBITED FROM SELLING
THAT SECURITY FOR A PERIOD OF SIX MONTHS from the date of the trade. Any
gain from a sale of such a security within the prescribed six month
period shall be relinquished.
3. ACCESS PERSONS WHO SELL A SECURITY WITHIN SEVEN DAYS BEFORE THE FUND
SELLS in the same (or a related) security must relinquish the difference
between the Access Person's sale price (if higher) and Vanguard's sale
price.
4. Access Persons shall not purchase any securities in a private placement,
without prior written approval of the Compliance Officer or a designated
member of the Compliance Department. Any Person authorized to purchase
securities in a private placement shall disclose to the Compliance
Officer that investment if they play a part in any Fund's subsequent
consideration of an investment in the issuer. In such circumstances, the
Fund's decision to purchase securities of the issuer shall be subject to
independent review by the Compliance Department.
5. Access Persons shall require prior approval of the compliance department
before participating in any Initial Public Offering to ensure that no
conflict exists with Vanguard business.
6. No Access Person shall profit in the purchase and sale, or sale and
purchase, of the same (or related) securities within a period of 60
calendar days. Any profits realised on such short-term trades shall be
relinquished.
In addition no Access Person shall serve on the board of directors of any
publicly traded company without prior authorization of the President or Chairman
of P&DII. Any such authorization shall be based upon a determination that the
board service would be consistent with the interests of the Vanguard Funds and
their shareholders.
III REPORTING
1. Every Access Person shall disclose to the Compliance Department all
Personal securities holdings upon commencement of employment and
thereafter on an annual basis as of December 31.
2. Every Access Person shall certify annually that:
i) they have read and understand the Code of Ethics and recognize
that they are subject thereto;
ii) they have complied with the requirements of the Code of Ethics;
and
iii) they have reported all Personal Account transactions required to
be reported pursuant to the requirements of the Code of Ethics.
3. Reports shall be made not later than 10 days after the end of the
calendar quarter in which the transaction to which the report related was
effected. Every Access Person shall be required to submit a report for
all periods, including those periods in which no Personal Account
transactions were effected. The report shall contain the following
information:
i) the date of the transaction, the title and the number of
shares, and the principal amount of each security involved:
ii) the nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or any
other type of acquisition or disposition);
iii)the price at which the transaction was effected; and,
iv) the name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through whom
the transaction was effected.
4. Any such report may contain a statement that the report shall not be
construed as an admission by the Person making such report that he or she
has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the security to which
the report relates.
5. Every Access Person shall supply to the Compliance Department, on a
timely basis, duplicate copies of the confirmation of all Personal
securities transactions and copies of all periodic statements for all
securities accounts.
6. The Compliance Department shall notify each Access Person that he or she
is subject to these reporting requirements, and shall deliver a copy of
the Code of Ethics to each such Person upon request.
7. Every Access Person shall notify the Compliance Officer or designated
member of the Compliance Department of any Personal conflict of interest
relationship which may involve the Funds and/or Vanguard, such as the
existence of any economic relationship between their transactions and
securities held or to be acquired by any of the Funds. Such notification
shall occur in the pre-clearance process.
December 1994
<PAGE>
PHILLIPS & DREW LIMITED
COMPLIANCE MANUAL
RULES GOVERNING PERSONAL INVESTMENT BUSINESS
1. INTRODUCTION.
In order to comply with UK statutory and regulatory requirements and to
ensure the maintenance of the highest ethical standards these rules
shall apply to all dealings in investments by employees for their
personal account.
There are certain basic principles which apply to all personal account
dealings by employees. These principles, set out in bold type, must be
adhered to at all times. No exceptions can be made to the principles.
The Chief Executive and Compliance Department of Phillips & Drew
Limited ("P&DL") may from time to time grant exceptions to specific
rules in circumstances where there would be no breach of the
principles. Additional rules may also be made to deal with particular
circumstances without the need to formally amend these rules.
Please read these rules carefully as they form part of your Terms and
Conditions of Employment. You will be given form of undertaking which
should be signed and returned to Personnel Department.
Please note also that these rules supersede all previous regulations
issued by P&DL.
Questions concerning the application of any of these rules should be
addressed to the Compliance Department.
All references in the rules to the male gender shall be construed as
referring also to the female gender.
2. APPLICATION.
These rules shall apply to all dealing in investments by all directors,
officers and employees (including persons seconded or employed on a
temporary basis) of P&DL (hereinafter referred to collectively as
"employees").
These rules shall also apply to persons connected with P&DL employees
i.e.:
i) spouses and co-habitees,
ii) children and step-children under the age of 18,
iii) any other person with whom an employee has any family,
domestic or business relationship (other than that arising
solely because he is a client or counterparty of P&DL) such
that either the employee deals on behalf of that other person
or extends material influence over that other person's
investment decisions.
An employee will also be regarded as dealing on behalf of another
person where he has sole or joint control over another person's
investments by virtue of a power of attorney.
<PAGE>
These rules shall also apply where an employee deals:-
(i) in his capacity as a personal representative of an estate or
as the trustee of a trust in which estate or trust the
employee or a person connected with him has a significant
interest; or
(ii) through a company, partnership or foundation which the
employee or a person connected with him controls.
Employees are reminded of the potential conflicts of interest arising
out of acting as a personal representative of an estate or trustee of a
trust where the employee will be called upon to make investment
decisions. The Compliance Department should be consulted for guidance
in such circumstances.
3. INVESTMENTS.
RULE
Subject always to the remainder of these rules, P&DL employees may deal
in and make use of all investments and other financial products with
the exception of:-
i) Traded options on UK or foreign equities and traditional
options,
ii) Warrants other than London listed warrants (employees may take
up or dispose of warrants received as a result of owning other
securities),
iii) Swaps and other derivative instruments (except as permitted in
i, or ii, or dealings in options and futures on stock indices
or Government issued securities.)
iv) Securities of all companies involved in a take-over bid where
UBS AG acts as broker or financial adviser to any party
(except to accept an offer in respect of an existing holding),
v) Securities of companies involved in a public offer where
Phildrew Ventures acts as adviser to any party connected with
such an offer,
vi) Securities of companies on the restricted list as notified
from time to time (see rule 2.1 below).
In special circumstances additional restrictions on certain investments
may be imposed.
These restrictions will be enforced in all circumstances, save where an
employee has an account managed on a wholly discretionary basis outside
P&DL in accordance with rule 3.4 below.
<PAGE>
4. P&DL PRINCIPLES AND RULES.
PRINCIPLE ONE
EMPLOYEES OWN ACCOUNT DEALINGS MUST AT ALL TIMES ACCORD WITH PREVAILING
UK LAW AND REGULATION (INCLUDING THE RULES OF ANY SRO OF WHICH P&DL OR
ITS SUBSIDIARIES ARE MEMBERS, OR EXCHANGES UPON WHICH PERSONAL ACCOUNT
DEALS ARE DONE) AND PREVAILING BEST MARKET PRACTICE.
RULES
1.1 Employees may not undertake transactions for their personal
account with clients of P&DL (unless the client is authorised
under the FSA and a recognised counterparty or provider of the
product concerned e.g. you may be able to purchase the units
of an external unit trust client.)
1.2 The insider dealing provisions of the Criminal Justice Act
1993 (Part V) and all applicable regulatory requirements
pertaining to an individual's dealing must be strictly
observed.
The Act makes it a criminal offence for any person who has non-public
information to deal in price-affected securities. Securities are
"price-affected" if the inside information, if made public, would be
likely to have a significant effect on the price of securities. The Act
applies to transactions which an employee carries out as part of his
employment as well as to his own personal account dealing. It also
covers information obtained otherwise than in the course of employment
- for example, from social contacts.
THE ACT APPLIES TO ALL securities traded on a regulated market (which
currently includes all EC stock exchanges, LIFFE, OMLX and NASDAQ), and
to warrants and derivatives (including index options and futures)
relating to these securities (even if these warrants and derivatives
are only "over the counter" or otherwise not publicly traded).
If an employee is precluded from entering into a transaction, he is
also prohibited from advising or arranging for another person to deal
and from communicating information or opinion knowing, or having reason
to believe, the other person will as a result enter into such a
transaction or advise someone else to do so.
A breach of the Act is a criminal offence punishable by a maximum of 7
years imprisonment and an unlimited fine.
A complete copy of the Act is available from the Compliance Department.
It is possible for a transaction which involves insider dealing to
constitute an offence otherwise than under the insider dealing
provisions of the Criminal Justice Act. In particular, under section 47
(1) of the Financial Services Act 1986 a person who "dishonestly
conceals any material facts" is guilty of an offence if he does so for
the purpose of inducing, or is reckless as to whether it may induce,
another person (whether or not the person from whom the facts are
concealed) to buy or sell an investment, or to refrain from buying or
selling an investment. This offence could well be committed by a person
who conceals price sensitive information from a counterparty to induce
him to deal, if the concealment is dishonest.
<PAGE>
PRINCIPLE TWO
EMPLOYEES' PERSONAL ACCOUNT DEALING MUST NOT CONFLICT WITH THE
INTERESTS OF THE UBS AG GROUP OR ANY OF ITS CLIENTS.
RULES
2.1 Dealings in securities (including warrants) issued by a
company where P&DL clients hold the specified percentage of
any class of the issued share capital are restricted.
Restricted means that employees are warned that dealings in
these shares may be prohibited in certain circumstances either
generally or on a case by case basis. An additional level of
consent is required for all such dealings - see rule 3.3.
The specified percentage is 5% or such other percentage as may
be notified from time to time. Copies of the current
restricted list are displayed on noticeboards.
2.2 Dealings in securities of all companies involved in a
take-over bid where UBS AG acts as a broker or financial
adviser to any party (except to accept an offer in respect of
an existing holding) are prohibited. Dealings in the
securities of companies involved in a public offer where
Phildrew Ventures acts as adviser to any party connected with
such an offer are also prohibited.
A list of the companies concerned is displayed on all
noticeboards.
2.3 An employee who knows, or who can be reasonably expected to
know, or is informed by the Dealers that, P&DFML or a
subsidiary of P&DL, has made a decision for a client(s) or
accepted an order from a client(s) to buy or sell a security,
is prohibited from dealing in that security until after the
order has been executed or cancelled.
It is not permitted to aggregate staff deals with deals for
clients and staff are prohibited from dealing for their
personal account with clients (see rule 1.1 above).
2.4 An employee who knows, or who can be reasonably expected to
know, that a company in the UBS AG group intends to issue a
research recommendation in relation to a security may not deal
in the security during a period commencing 5 business days
prior to the publication of the recommendation and ending 5
business days after publication.
2.5 P&DL does not encourage trading. Therefore, with the exception
of new issues, privatisation issues and futures dealing,
purchases or sales in equities may not be closed within one
calendar month of opening the position.
"Bed and Breakfast" transactions undertaken for an employee's
personal account may be undertaken within the one month
period.
2.6 Dealings by sector analysts and supporters in securities of
companies in their own sector are not normally allowed.
Consent must be sought on a case by case basis from the
analyst's Team Leader and the Compliance Department. In the
small company sector consent will normally be given unless
there is a potential conflict with P&DL's responsibilities
towards clients.
<PAGE>
2.7 Dealings in options and futures on stock indices or Government
issued securities e.g. FT-SE 100 Futures Contracts will be
permitted subject to consent of the employee's Head of
Department or Team Leader (or alternate) in accordance with
rule 3.3 below and the written consent of the Compliance
Department. Consent must be obtained to closing out as well as
opening any position. (In the case of closing out, if timing
is crucial, it is acceptable to obtain one signature prior to
closing out with a second confirmation after the event.)
2.8 Employees must not accept from any person any benefit or
inducement which is likely to conflict with an employee's duty
to P&DL or its clients.
PRINCIPLE THREE
ALL PERSONAL ACCOUNT DEALING BY EMPLOYEES MUST BE APPROVED BY AND MUST
BE VISIBLE TO EACH EMPLOYEE'S MANAGEMENT.
RULES
3.1 Transactions in securities, futures, options and warrants must
be undertaken through P&DFML Limited.
Exceptions to this rule may be granted in specific
circumstances or generally under rule 3.4 below. Such
exceptions will be subject to receipt by the Compliance
Department of duplicate contract notes evidencing each
transaction.
3.2 Secondees from other parts of the UBS AG group, contractors
and other temporary employees are reminded that they are
subject to these rules during their period of service.
3.3 An employee must obtain the written consent of his Head of
Department or Team Leader (or alternate) prior to dealing in
securities, futures, options and warrants (and the Compliance
Department in the case of a company on the Restricted List,
futures and options, sector analysts or supporters dealing in
own sector and any other specific cases). The consent forms
can be obtained from the Compliance Department or the Dealing
Desk.
3.4 Employees may be permitted to maintain managed accounts with
approved outside investment managers subject to the following
conditions:
(i) Full details of the proposed arrangements must be
submitted in writing to the Compliance Department
for prior approval;
(ii) The Compliance Department will specify the conditions
of the permission e.g. the completion of consent
forms and receipt by the Compliance Department of
duplicate contract notes. It is the responsibility of
the employee to ensure that the Investment Manager
has an up-to-date copy of the Restricted List and any
other relevant restrictions.
The only exception to this rule is that employees may purchase
wholly discretionary personal equity plans, unit trusts and
personal pensions without the need to obtain consent. "Wholly
discretionary" means an account where the employee has
absolutely no influence over the management of the account.
<PAGE>
3.5 Employees wishing to maintain an account with City Index, IG
Index or similar must obtain the prior permission of the
Compliance Department in writing.
Employees should note that these accounts must not be used to
conduct transactions in financial indices (similar to futures
and options) without the employee first obtaining the written
consent of his Head of Department or Team Leader (or
alternate) and the Compliance Department prior to any such
transaction (including closing any bet).
3.6 Employees are prohibited from carrying out personal account
dealings in the name of a third party unless prior consent has
been given by the Compliance Department under rule 3.4 (see
page 5). Consent to participation in "investment clubs" will
always be subject to compliance with the Restricted List, any
other restrictions and the receipt of duplicate contract notes
by the Compliance Department.
PRINCIPLE FOUR
ALL OWN ACCOUNT DEALING MUST BE COMMENSURATE WITH EACH EMPLOYEE'S
EXPERIENCE AND RESOURCES.
RULES
4.1 Employees will only be permitted to deal in those instruments
where that employee's experience is such that the employee can
be classified an "expert investor" under SFA rules (or, if
appropriate, as a "wholesale counterparty" under S43 FSA).
4.2 Short sales of securities are prohibited.
4.3 Employees must have sufficient cleared funds in their accounts
to meet settlement on the due date. It is the employee's
responsibility to arrange the necessary banking transactions.
Interest will be charged on any debit on an employee's account
at a rate of LIBOR + 3%. Any margin calls for futures and
options must be paid immediately. No credit will be extended
to employees. Any failure to meet margin calls will result in
an employee's position being closed out.
5. DEALING PROCEDURES.
i) An employee who wishes to deal in securities, futures, options
and warrants must first open a dealing account with P&DFML.
Account opening forms are available from DMG. The completed
forms should be returned to DMG for account opening and
allocation of an account number.
Additional documentation is required for dealing in futures
and options together with written consent from the employee's
Head of Department or Team Leader and the Compliance
Department.
ii) All dealings for employees will be transacted on an execution
only basis by the P&DFML Dealing Desk (except that bond
transactions will be undertaken by the bond desk).
<PAGE>
iii) An employee must obtain the written consent of his Head of
Department or Team Leader (or alternate) prior to dealing (and
the Compliance Department in the case of a company on the
Restricted List, futures and options, sector analysts or
supporters dealing in own sector and any other specific
cases). The consent forms can be obtained from the Compliance
Department or the Dealing Desk.
iv) A completed consent form will be required before the Dealing
Desk will accept an order.
v) An employee must ensure that cleared funds are in his account
in time for settlement of each personal account transaction.
TEMPORARY STAFF.
(i) Persons employed by the Company for periods of up to eight
weeks shall be prohibited from dealing in investments for
their own account without the written permission of the
Compliance Department. Upon commencement of employment with
P&DL an undertaking shall be signed to this effect.
(ii) Non-permanent members of staff employed for periods in excess
of eight weeks may deal in investments in accordance with
these rules but not otherwise.
INFRINGEMENT.
(i) If, following the execution of a transaction, an employee
becomes aware that he has contravened any legislation,
external or internal rules, or has acted innocently in
circumstances which may appear suspicious, he should
immediately report all the relevant facts to the Compliance
Department.
(ii) Any infringement of these rules or of any applicable legal or
regulatory requirements by others of which any employee
becomes aware must be reported immediately to the Compliance
Department. The withholding of such information itself
constitutes a breach of these rules.
SANCTIONS.
(i) P&DL is entitled to cancel any transactions executed in
contravention of any of these rules.
(ii) Any loss resulting from the cancellation of a transaction
shall be borne by the employee.
(iii) Profits arising from transactions executed in breach of these
rules shall be payable to P&DL which will be at liberty to
apply such profits at its discretion.
(iv) Any breach of these rules or any applicable legal or
regulatory requirement relating to an employee's personal
investment dealing may result in the immediate and summary
termination of his contract of employment or other
disciplinary action and, where appropriate, P&DL suing for
damages.
These rules shall come into force on the 1 March 1994 and
shall remain in force until further notice.
<PAGE>
6. RULES OF REGULATORY BODIES.
P&DL is bound by strict rules of a number of regulatory bodies in the
conduct of its investment business. As a condition of your employment
you must act in accordance with the rules of IMRO, the London Stock
Exchange, the SEC and any other relevant regulatory body as
appropriate. You must also co-operate fully with any requests,
instructions or requirements of any regulatory body. You are also
referred to the P&DL Compliance Manual which sets out certain
regulatory requirements as house rules. You must follow the rules and
procedures in the manual which apply to you.
You are warned that failure to act in accordance with any of the
provisions referred to is a serious matter and could lead to
disciplinary action.
Copies of the rules referred to above are available for reference at
any time. If you have any queries or require further information please
consult the Compliance Department.
7. OUTSIDE BUSINESS INTERESTS.
Regulators stipulate that employees must not have outside business
interests which conflict with their employment. Information about
outside business interests may also be required for statutory or
regulatory purposes. Further information about business interests which
are prohibited or should be disclosed is contained in the P&DL
Compliance Manual. If you have, or are contemplating, an outside
business interest or employment you should consult the Personnel and
Compliance Departments.
<PAGE>
THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
------------------------
CODE OF ETHICS
--------------
SECTION 1: BACKGROUND
This Code of Ethics has been approved and adopted by the Board of Directors of
The Vanguard Group, Inc. ("Vanguard") and the Boards of Trustees of each of the
Vanguard funds in compliance with Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act of
1940. The Code has been amended and restated effective as of May 1, 1999. Except
as otherwise provided, the Code applies to all "Vanguard personnel," which term
includes all employees, officers, Directors and Trustees of Vanguard and the
Vanguard funds. The Code also contains provisions which apply to the investment
advisers to the Vanguard funds (see section 11).
SECTION 2: STATEMENT OF GENERAL FIDUCIARY STANDARDS
This Code of Ethics is based on the overriding principle that Vanguard personnel
act as fiduciaries for shareholders' investments in the Vanguard funds.
Accordingly, Vanguard personnel must conduct their activities at all times in
accordance with the following standards:
a) SHAREHOLDERS' INTERESTS COME FIRST. In the course of fulfilling their
duties and responsibilities to Vanguard fund shareholders, Vanguard personnel
must at all times place the interests of Vanguard fund shareholders first. In
particular, Vanguard personnel must avoid serving their own personal interests
ahead of the interests of Vanguard fund shareholders.
b) CONFLICTS OF INTEREST MUST BE AVOIDED. Vanguard personnel must avoid
any situation involving an actual or potential conflict of interest or possible
impropriety with respect to their duties and responsibilities to Vanguard fund
shareholders.
c) COMPROMISING SITUATIONS MUST BE AVOIDED. Vanguard personnel must not
take advantage of their position of trust and responsibility at Vanguard.
Vanguard personnel must avoid any situation that might compromise or call into
question their exercise of full independent judgment in the best interests of
Vanguard fund shareholders.
<PAGE>
All activities of Vanguard personnel should be guided by and adhere to these
fiduciary standards. The remainder of this Code sets forth specific rules and
procedures which are consistent with these fiduciary standards. However, all
activities by Vanguard personnel are required to conform with these fiduciary
standards regardless of whether the activity is specifically covered in this
Code.
SECTION 3: DUTY OF CONFIDENTIALITY
Vanguard personnel must keep confidential at all times any nonpublic information
they may obtain in the course of their employment at Vanguard. This information
includes but is not limited to:
1) information on the vanguard funds, including recent or impending
securities transactions by the funds, activities of the
funds'advisers, offerings of new funds, and closings of funds;
2) information on Vanguard fund shareholders and prospective
shareholders, including their identities, investments, and account
transactions;
3) information on other vanguard personnel, including their pay,
benefits, position level, and performance ratings; and
4) information on Vanguard business activities, including new services,
products, technologies, and business initiatives.
Vanguard personnel have the highest fiduciary obligation not to reveal
confidential Vanguard information to any party that does not have a clear and
compelling need to know such information.
SECTION 4: GIFT POLICY
Vanguard personnel are prohibited from seeking or accepting gifts of material
value from any person or entity, including any Vanguard fund shareholder or
Vanguard client, when such gift is in relation to doing business with Vanguard.
In certain cases, Vanguard PERSONNEL MAY ACCEPT GIFTS OF DE MINIMIS value (as
determined in accordance with guidelines set forth in Vanguard's Human Resources
Policy Manual) but only if they obtain the approval of a Vanguard officer.
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SECTION 5: OUTSIDE ACTIVITIES
a) PROHIBITIONS ON SECONDARY EMPLOYMENT. Vanguard employees are
prohibited from working for any business or enterprise in the financial services
industry that competes with Vanguard. In addition, Vanguard employees are
prohibited from working for any organization that could possibly benefit from
the employee's knowledge of confidential Vanguard information, such as new
Vanguard services and technologies. Beyond these prohibitions, Vanguard
employees may accept secondary employment, but only with prior approval from the
Vanguard Compliance Department. Vanguard officers are prohibited from accepting
or serving in any form of secondary employment unless they have received
approval from a Vanguard Managing Director or the Vanguard Chairman and Chief
Executive Officer.
b) PROHIBITION ON SERVICE AS DIRECTOR OR PUBLIC OFFICIAL. Vanguard
officers and employees are prohibited from serving on the board of directors of
any publicly traded company or in an official capacity for any federal, state,
or local government (or governmental agency or instrumentality) without prior
approval from the Vanguard Compliance Department.
c) PROHIBITION ON MISUSE OF VANGUARD TIME OR PROPERTY. Vanguard personnel
are prohibited from using Vanguard time, equipment, services, personnel or
property for any purposes other than the performance of their duties and
responsibilities at Vanguard.
SECTION 6: GENERAL PROHIBITIONS ON TRADING
a) TRADING ON KNOWLEDGE OF VANGUARD FUNDS ACTIVITIES. All Vanguard
personnel are prohibited from taking personal advantage of their knowledge of
recent or impending securities activities of the Vanguard funds or the funds'
investment advisers. In particular, Vanguard personnel are prohibited from
purchasing or selling, directly or indirectly, any security when they have
actual knowledge that the security is being purchased or sold, or considered for
purchase or sale, by a Vanguard fund. This prohibition applies to all securities
in which the person has acquired or will acquire "beneficial ownership." For
these purposes, a person is considered to have beneficial ownership in all
securities over which the person enjoys economic benefits substantially
equivalent to ownership (for example, securities held in trust for the person's
benefit), regardless of who is the registered owner. Under this Code of Ethics,
Vanguard personnel are considered to have beneficial ownership of all securities
owned by their spouse or minor children.
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b) VANGUARD INSIDER TRADING POLICY. All Vanguard personnel are subject
to Vanguard's Insider Trading Policy, which is considered an integral part of
this Code of Ethics. Vanguard's Insider Trading Policy prohibits Vanguard
personnel from buying or selling any security while in the possession of
material nonpublic information about the issuer of the security. The policy also
prohibits Vanguard personnel from communicating to third parties any material
nonpublic information about any security or issuer of securities. Any violation
of Vanguard's Insider Trading Policy may result in penalties which could include
termination of employment with Vanguard.
SECTION 7: ADDITIONAL TRADING RESTRICTIONS FOR ACCESS PERSONS
a) APPLICATION. The restrictions of this section 7 apply to all Vanguard
access persons. For purposes of the Code of Ethics, "access persons" include:
1) any Director or Trustee of Vanguard or a Vanguard fund, excluding
disinterested Directors and Trustees (i.e., any Director or Trustee
who is not an "interested person" of a Vanguard fund within the
meaning of Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act of 1940);
2) any officer of Vanguard or a Vanguard fund; and
3) any employee of Vanguard or a Vanguard fund who in the course of his
or her regular duties participates in the selection of a Vanguard
fund's securities or who works in a Vanguard department or unit that
has access to information regarding a Vanguard fund's impending
purchases or sales of securities.
The Vanguard Compliance Department will notify all Vanguard personnel who
qualify as access persons of their duties and responsibilities under this Code
of Ethics. The restrictions of this section 7 apply to all transactions in which
a Vanguard access person has or will acquire beneficial ownership (see section
6a) of a security, including transactions by a spouse or minor child. However,
the restrictions do not apply to transactions involving: (i) direct obligations
of the Government of the United States; (ii) high quality short-term debt
instruments, including bankers' acceptances, bank certificates of deposit,
commercial paper, and repurchase agreements; and (iii) shares of registered
open-end investment companies (including shares of
<PAGE>
any Vanguard fund). In addition, the restrictions do not apply to transactions
in accounts over which the access person has no direct or indirect control or
influence.
b) GENERAL RESTRICTIONS FOR ACCESS PERSONS. Vanguard access persons are
subject to the following restrictions with respect to their securities
transactions:
1) PRE-CLEARANCE OF SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS. Vanguard access persons must
receive approval from the Vanguard Compliance Department before
purchasing or selling any securities. The Vanguard Compliance
Department will notify Vanguard access persons if their proposed
securities transactions are permitted under this Code of Ethics.
2) TRADING THROUGH VANGUARD BROKERAGE SERVICES. Vanguard access persons
must conduct all their securities transactions through Vanguard
Brokerage Services. Vanguard Brokerage Services will send a
confirmation notice of any purchase or sale of securities by a
Vanguard access person to the Vanguard Compliance Department.
3) PROHIBITION ON INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS. Vanguard access persons are
prohibited from acquiring securities in an initial public offering.
4) PROHIBITION ON PRIVATE PLACEMENTS. Vanguard access persons are
prohibited from acquiring securities in a private placement without
prior approval from the Vanguard Compliance Department. In the event
an access person receives approval to purchase securities in a private
placement, the access person must disclose that investment if he or
she plays any part in a Vanguard fund's later consideration of an
investment in the issuer.
5) PROHIBITION ON OPTIONS. Vanguard access persons are prohibited from
acquiring or selling any option on any security.
6) PROHIBITION ON SHORT-SELLING. Vanguard access persons are prohibited
from selling any security that the access person does not own or
otherwise engaging in "short-selling" activities.
7) PROHIBITION ON SHORT-TERM TRADING PROFITS. Vanguard access persons are
prohibited from profiting in the purchase and sale, or sale and
purchase, of the same (or related) securities within 60 calendar days.
In the event that an access person realizes profits on
<PAGE>
such short-term trades, the access person must relinquish such profits
to The Vanguard Group Foundation.
c) BLACKOUT RESTRICTIONS FOR ACCESS PERSONS. All Vanguard access persons
are subject to the following restrictions when their purchases and sales of
securities coincide with trades by the Vanguard funds:
1) PURCHASES AND SALES WITHIN THREE DAYS FOLLOWING A FUND TRADE. Vanguard
access persons are prohibited from purchasing or selling any security
within three calendar days after a Vanguard fund has traded in the
same (or a related) security. In the event that an access person makes
a prohibited purchase or sale within the three-day period, the access
person must unwind the transaction and relinquish any gain from the
transaction to The Vanguard Group Foundation.
2) PURCHASES WITHIN SEVEN DAYS BEFORE A FUND PURCHASE. A Vanguard access
person who purchases a security within seven calendar days before a
Vanguard fund purchases the same (or a related) security is prohibited
from selling the security for a period of six months following the
fund's trade. In the event that an access person makes a prohibited
sale within the six-month period, the access person must relinquish to
The Vanguard Group Foundation any gain from the transaction.
3) SALES WITHIN SEVEN DAYS BEFORE A FUND SALE. A Vanguard access person
who sells a security within seven days before a Vanguard fund sells
the same (or a related) security must relinquish to The Vanguard Group
Foundation the difference between the access person's sale price and
the Vanguard fund's sale price (assuming the access person's sale
price is higher).
4) RESTRICTIONS NOT APPLICABLE TO TRADES BY VANGUARD INDEX FUNDS. The
restrictions of this section 7c do not apply to purchases and sales of
securities by Vanguard access persons which would otherwise violate
section 7c solely because the transactions coincide with trades by any
Vanguard index funds.
SECTION 8: ADDITIONAL TRADING RESTRICTIONS FOR INSTITUTIONAL CLIENT CONTACTS
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a) APPLICATION. The restrictions of this section 8 apply to all Vanguard
Institutional client contacts. For purposes of the Code of Ethics, an
"Institutional client contact" includes any Vanguard employee who works in a
department or unit at Vanguard that has significant levels of interaction or
dealings with the management of clients of Vanguard's Institutional Investor
Group. The Vanguard Compliance Department will notify Vanguard employees who
qualify as Institutional client contacts of the restrictions of this Section 8.
b) PROHIBITION ON TRADING SECURITIES OF INSTITUTIONAL CLIENTS. Vanguard
Institutional client contacts are prohibited from acquiring securities issued by
clients of the Vanguard Institutional Investor Group (including any options or
futures contracts based on such securities). In the event that any individual
who becomes subject to this prohibition already owns securities issued by
Institutional clients, the individual will be prohibited from disposing of those
securities without prior approval from the Vanguard Compliance Department. The
restrictions of this section 8 apply to all transactions in which Institutional
client contacts have acquired or would acquire beneficial ownership (see section
6a) of a security, including transactions by a spouse or minor child. However,
the restrictions do not apply to transactions in any account over which an
individual does not possess any direct or indirect control or influence. The
Vanguard Compliance Department will maintain a list of the Institutional clients
to which the prohibitions of this section 8 apply. The Vanguard Compliance
Department may waive the prohibition on acquiring securities of Institutional
clients in appropriate cases (including, for example, cases in which an
individual acquires securities as part of an inheritance or through an
employer-sponsored employee benefits or compensation program).
SECTION 9: COMPLIANCE PROCEDURES
a) APPLICATION. The requirements of this section 9 apply to all Vanguard
personnel other than disinterested Directors and Trustees (see section 7a). The
requirements apply to all transactions in which Vanguard personnel have acquired
or would acquire beneficial ownership (see section 6a) of a security, including
transactions by a spouse or minor child. However, the requirements do not apply
to transactions involving: (i) direct obligations of the Government of the
United States; (ii) high quality short-term debt instruments, including bankers'
acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper, and repurchase
agreements; and (iii) shares of registered open-end investment companies
(including shares of any Vanguard fund). In addition, the requirements do not
apply to securities acquired for accounts over which the person has no direct or
indirect control or influence.
<PAGE>
b) DISCLOSURE OF PERSONAL HOLDINGS. All Vanguard personnel must disclose
their personal securities holdings to the Vanguard Compliance Department upon
commencement of employment with Vanguard. These disclosures must identify the
title, number of shares, and principal amount with respect to each security
holding.
c) RECORDS OF SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS. All Vanguard personnel must notify
the Vanguard Compliance Department if they have opened or intend to open a
brokerage account. Vanguard personnel must direct their brokers to supply the
Vanguard Compliance Department with duplicate confirmation statements of their
securities transactions and copies of all periodic statements for their
brokerage accounts.
d) CERTIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE. All Vanguard personnel must certify
annually to the Vanguard Compliance Department that: (i) they have read and
understand this Code of Ethics; (ii) they have complied with all requirements of
the Code of Ethics; and (3) they have reported all transactions required to be
reported under the Code of Ethics.
SECTION 10: REQUIRED REPORTS BY DISINTERESTED DIRECTORS AND TRUSTEES
Disinterested Directors and Trustees (see section 7a) are required to report
their securities transactions to the Vanguard Compliance Department only in
cases where the Director or Trustee knew or should have known during the 15-day
period immediately preceding or following the date of the transaction that the
security had been purchased or sold, or was being considered for purchase or
sale, by a Vanguard fund.
SECTION 11: APPLICATION TO INVESTMENT ADVISERS
a) ADOPTION OF CODE OF ETHICS. Each investment adviser to a Vanguard fund
must adopt a code of ethics in compliance with Rule 17j-1 and provide the
Vanguard Compliance Department with a copy of the code of ethics and any
subsequent amendments. Each investment adviser is responsible for enforcing its
code of ethics and reporting to the Vanguard Compliance Department on a timely
basis any violations of the code of ethics and resulting sanctions.
<PAGE>
b) PREPARATION OF ANNUAL REPORTS. Each investment adviser to a Vanguard
fund must prepare an annual report on its code of ethics for review by the Board
of Trustees of the Vanguard fund. This report must contain the following:
1) a description of any issues arising under the adviser's code of ethics
including, but not limited to, information about any violations of the
code, sanctions imposed in response to such violations, changes made
to the code's provisions or procedures, and any recommended changes to
the code; and
2) a certification that the investment adviser has adopted such
procedures as are reasonably necessary to prevent access persons from
violating the code of ethics.
SECTION 12: REVIEW BY BOARDS OF DIRECTORS AND TRUSTEES
a) REVIEW OF INVESTMENT ADVISERS' CODE OF ETHICS. Prior to retaining the
services of any investment adviser for a Vanguard fund, the Board of Trustees of
the Vanguard fund must review the code of ethics adopted by the investment
adviser pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940. The
Board of Trustees must receive a certification from the investment adviser that
the adviser has adopted such procedures as are reasonably necessary to prevent
access persons from violating the adviser's code of ethics. A majority of the
Trustees of the Vanguard fund, including a majority of the disinterested
Trustees of the Fund, must determine whether the adviser's code of ethics
contains such provisions as are reasonably necessary to prevent access persons
from engaging in any act, practice, or course of conduct prohibited by the
anti-fraud provisions of Rule 17j-1.
b) REVIEW OF VANGUARD ANNUAL REPORTS. The Vanguard Compliance Department
must prepare an annual report on this Code of Ethics for review by the Board of
Directors of Vanguard and the Boards of Trustees of the Vanguard funds. The
report must contain the following:
1) a description of issues arising under the Code of Ethics since the
last report including, but not limited to, information about any
violations of the Code, sanctions imposed in response to such
violations, changes made to the Code's provisions or procedures, and
any recommended changes to the Code; and
<PAGE>
2) a certification that Vanguard and the Vanguard Funds have adopted such
procedures as are reasonably necessary to prevent access persons from
violating the Code of Ethics.
SECTION 13: SANCTIONS
In the event of any violation of this Code of Ethics, Vanguard senior management
will impose such sanctions as deemed necessary and appropriate under the
circumstances and in the best interests of Vanguard fund shareholders. In the
case of any violations by Vanguard employees, the range of sanctions could
include a letter of censure, suspension of employment without pay, or permanent
termination of employment.
SECTION 14: RETENTION OF RECORDS
Vanguard must maintain all records required by Rule 17j-1 including: (i) copies
of this Code of Ethics and the codes of ethics of all investment advisers to the
Vanguard funds; (ii) records of any violations of the codes of ethics and
actions taken as a result of the violations; (iii) copies of all certifications
made by Vanguard personnel pursuant to section 9d; (iv) lists of all Vanguard
personnel who are, or within the past five years have been, access persons
subject to the trading restrictions of section 8 and lists of the Vanguard
compliance personnel responsible for monitoring compliance with those trading
restrictions; and (v) copies of the annual reports to the Boards of Directors
and Trustees pursuant to section 12.