<PAGE> 1
AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON MARCH 9, 2000
REGISTRATION NO. 333-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
------------------------
FORM S-3
------------------------
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
------------------------
GENENTECH, INC.
(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
DELAWARE 94-2347624
(STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION OF (I.R.S. EMPLOYER
INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION) IDENTIFICATION NUMBER)
</TABLE>
1 DNA WAY
SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 94080-4990
(650) 225-1000
(ADDRESS, INCLUDING ZIP CODE, AND TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE, OF
REGISTRANT'S PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES)
------------------------
STEPHEN G. JUELSGAARD, ESQ.
SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT, GENERAL COUNSEL AND SECRETARY
GENENTECH, INC.
1 DNA WAY
SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 94080-4990
(650) 225-1000
(NAME, ADDRESS, INCLUDING ZIP CODE, AND TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE,
OF AGENT FOR SERVICE)
------------------------
COPIES TO:
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
RICHARD A. DRUCKER, ESQ. GERALD S. TANENBAUM, ESQ.
DAVIS POLK & WARDWELL CAHILL GORDON & REINDEL
450 LEXINGTON AVENUE 80 PINE STREET
NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10017 NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10005
(212) 450-4000 (212) 701-3000
</TABLE>
APPROXIMATE DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF PROPOSED SALE TO THE PUBLIC:
As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to
dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box [ ]
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a
delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of
1933, other than securities offered in connection with dividend or interest
reinvestment plans, please check the following box. [ ]
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant
to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list
the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective
registration statement for the same offering. [ ]
- ---------------
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under
the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same offering. [ ]
- ---------------
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under
the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same offering. [ ]
- ---------------
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434,
please check the following box. [ ]
------------------------
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TITLE OF EACH CLASS OF PROPOSED MAXIMUM PROPOSED MAXIMUM
SECURITIES AMOUNT TO BE OFFERING PRICE PER AGGREGATE OFFERING AMOUNT OF
TO BE REGISTERED REGISTERED(1) SHARE(2) PRICE(2) REGISTRATION FEE
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Common Stock, par value $.02
per share................... 19,000,000 shares $213.75 $4,061,250,000 $1,072,170
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
(1) Includes an aggregate of 1,700,000 shares which the Underwriters have the
option to purchase from the Selling Stockholder solely to cover
over-allotments, if any. See "Underwriting."
(2) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee
pursuant to Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
THE REGISTRANT HEREBY AMENDS THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON SUCH DATE OR
DATES AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO DELAY ITS EFFECTIVE DATE UNTIL THE REGISTRANT SHALL
FILE A FURTHER AMENDMENT WHICH SPECIFICALLY STATES THAT THIS REGISTRATION
STATEMENT SHALL THEREAFTER BECOME EFFECTIVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 8(a) OF
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OR UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL BECOME
EFFECTIVE ON SUCH DATE AS THE COMMISSION, ACTING PURSUANT TO SAID SECTION 8(a),
MAY DETERMINE.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<PAGE> 2
THE INFORMATION IN THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT COMPLETE AND MAY BE CHANGED. WE
MAY NOT SELL THESE SECURITIES UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FILED WITH
THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION IS EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT AN
OFFER TO SELL THESE SECURITIES AND WE ARE NOT SOLICITING OFFERS TO BUY
THESE
SECURITIES IN ANY STATE WHERE THE OFFER OR SALE IS NOT PERMITTED.
Subject to Completion
Dated March 8, 2000
PROSPECTUS
17,300,000 Shares
[Genentech]
Common Stock
Roche Holdings, Inc. is offering all of these shares of our common stock and
will receive all of the proceeds of this offering. Our common stock is listed on
the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "DNA". On March 7, 2000, the
closing price of our common stock on that exchange was $211 1/2 per share.
INVESTING IN OUR COMMON STOCK INVOLVES CERTAIN RISKS. SEE "RISK FACTORS"
BEGINNING ON PAGE 8.
NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES
COMMISSION HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED OF THESE SECURITIES OR PASSED UPON THE
ADEQUACY OR ACCURACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A
CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRICE TO UNDERWRITING PROCEEDS TO
PUBLIC DISCOUNT ROCHE HOLDINGS, INC.
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Per Share $ $ $
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total $ $ $
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
Roche Holdings, Inc. has granted the underwriters the right to purchase up to an
additional 1,700,000 shares of common stock to cover over-allotments.
J.P. MORGAN & CO.
GOLDMAN, SACHS & CO.
MERRILL LYNCH & CO.
WARBURG DILLON READ LLC
LEHMAN BROTHERS
ROBERTSON STEPHENS
, 2000
<PAGE> 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
<S> <C>
Prospectus Summary.......................... 1
Risk Factors................................ 8
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking
Statements................................ 13
Dividend Policy............................. 13
Price Range of Special Common Stock......... 14
Price Range of Common Stock................. 14
Selected Consolidated Financial Data........ 15
Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Results of Operations and Financial
Condition................................. 17
Business.................................... 28
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
<S> <C>
Management.................................. 45
Relationship with Roche..................... 46
Selling Stockholder......................... 52
Material U.S. Federal Tax Considerations for
Non-U.S. Holders of Common Stock.......... 53
Shares Eligible for Future Sale............. 55
Underwriting................................ 56
Legal Matters............................... 57
Experts..................................... 57
Where You Can Find More Information......... 57
</TABLE>
-------------------------
In this prospectus, "Genentech," "we," "us" and "our" refer to Genentech, Inc.,
"common stock" refers to Genentech's common stock, par value $.02 per share, and
"special common stock" refers to Genentech's callable putable common stock, par
value $.02 per share. In addition, all share and per share data and other
information in this prospectus relating to our common stock and our special
common stock gives effect to our two-for-one split of our common stock on
November 2, 1999.
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We have
not authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that
contained in this prospectus. Roche Holdings, Inc. is offering to sell, and
seeking offers to buy, shares of common stock only in jurisdictions where offers
and sales are permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is
accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of
delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of the common stock.
We have not taken any action to permit a public offering of the shares of common
stock outside the United States or to permit the possession or distribution of
this prospectus outside the United States. Persons outside the United States who
come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about and observe
any restrictions relating to this offering of the shares of common stock and the
distribution of this prospectus outside the United States.
-------------------------
We own or have rights to various copyrights, trademarks and trade names used in
our business including the following: Actimmune(R) interferon gamma-1b;
Activase(R) (alteplase, recombinant) tissue plasminogen activator; Herceptin(R)
(trastuzumab) anti-HER2 antibody; Nutropin(R) (somatropin (rDNA origin) for
injection) growth hormone; Nutropin AQ(R) (somatropin (rDNA origin) injection)
liquid formulation growth hormone; Nutropin Depot(TM) (somatropin (rDNA origin)
for injectable suspension) encapsulated sustained-release growth hormone;
Protropin(R) (somatrem for injection) growth hormone; Pulmozyme(R) (dornase
alfa, recombinant) inhalation solution; Rituxan(R) (rituximab) antibody;
TNKase(TM) (tenecteplase) second generation tissue plasminogen activator; and
Xubix(TM) (sibrafiban) oral IIb/IIIa antagonist. This prospectus also includes
trademarks, service marks and trade names of other companies.
<PAGE> 4
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. This
summary does not contain all of the information that you should consider before
deciding to invest in our common stock. We urge you to read this entire
prospectus carefully, including the "Risk Factors" section, and the information
incorporated herein by reference including the consolidated financial statements
and the notes to those statements included in our annual report on Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 1999.
GENENTECH, INC.
Genentech is a leading biotechnology company that uses human genetic information
to discover, develop, manufacture and market human pharmaceuticals for
significant unmet medical needs. Thirteen of the approved products of
biotechnology stem from our science. Science at Genentech focuses primarily on
two areas of medicine: cardiovascular and oncology. We also pursue projects
where there exists a significant opportunity to fill a therapeutic void in other
important areas of medicine, such as with our growth hormone products. In 1999,
we had total revenues of $1,421.4 million and a net loss of $1,144.5 million.
We manufacture and market seven products directly in the United States. In
addition, we have received regulatory approval to market Nutropin Depot in the
United States and we expect to launch this product in the first half of 2000.
Our products are:
- Herceptin(R) antibody for the treatment of certain patients with
metastatic breast cancer whose tumors overexpress the human epidermal
growth factor receptor2, or HER2, protein;
- Rituxan(R) (rituximab) antibody for the treatment of patients with
relapsed or refractory low-grade or follicular, CD20-positive B-cell
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma;
- Activase(R) tissue plasminogen activator, or t-PA, for the treatment of
heart attack, acute ischemic stroke within three hours of the onset of
symptoms, and acute massive pulmonary embolism;
- Protropin(R) growth hormone for the treatment of lack of adequate
endogenous growth hormone secretion, or growth hormone deficiency, in
children;
- Nutropin(R) growth hormone for the treatment of growth hormone deficiency
in children and adults, growth failure associated with chronic renal
insufficiency prior to kidney transplantation and short stature
associated with Turner syndrome;
- Nutropin AQ(R) liquid formulation growth hormone for the same indications
as Nutropin; and
- Pulmozyme(R) inhalation solution for the management of cystic fibrosis.
- Nutropin Depot(TM) encapsulated sustained-release growth hormone for the
treatment of pediatric growth hormone deficiency.
We receive royalties on sales of rituximab outside of the United States
(excluding Japan), on sales of Pulmozyme and Herceptin outside of the United
States and on sales of certain products in Canada from F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd,
an affiliate of Roche Holdings, Inc., commonly known as Hoffmann-La Roche. We
receive royalties on sales of growth hormone products and t-PA outside of the
United States and Canada and on sales of rituximab in Japan through other
licensees. We also receive worldwide royalties on seven additional licensed
products that are marketed by other companies. Six of these products originated
from our technology.
We currently have 19 projects in our development pipeline, including two
products or indications in preparation for Phase III clinical trials and six
products or indications in Phase III clinical trials. We have two products,
TNKase second generation t-PA and anti-IgE antibody, for which Phase III
clinical trials have been completed. We have made regulatory filings to seek
marketing approval in the United States and are awaiting regulatory clearance
for TNKase and are preparing regulatory filings for anti-IgE.
Our principal executive offices are located at 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco,
California 94080-4990 and our telephone number is (650) 225-1000. Our worldwide
web site address is www.gene.com. The information on our web site is not part of
this prospectus.
1
<PAGE> 5
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Since Roche's public offering of our common stock in October 1999, the following
significant developments occurred with respect to our business:
- - In February 2000, we entered into an agreement with Actelion Ltd. for the
development and co-promotion in the United States of tezosentan, a small
molecule that acts by blocking endothelin receptors. Tezosentan is a potential
treatment for acute heart failure. We have paid Actelion an upfront fee of $15
million and agreed to make additional payments based upon the achievement of
certain milestones. In addition, we have agreed to make a loan to Actelion
which is convertible into its capital stock and to make a future equity
investment in Actelion. We have also agreed to co-promote with Actelion our
single-bolus thrombolytic drug, TNKase, which is awaiting approval by the U.S.
Food and Drug Administration, or FDA. Actelion licensed tezosentan from
Hoffmann-La Roche in 1998.
- - In February 2000, Hoffmann-La Roche agreed to pay us $10 million in order to
exercise its right, pursuant to the marketing and licensing agreement between
Hoffmann-La Roche and us, to extend its option to license recombinant human
monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor, which is known as
anti-VEGF.
- - In our litigation against Bio-Technology General Corporation, which is known
as BTG, a jury trial of certain of BTG's claims regarding the invalidity of
our human growth hormone patents began on January 10, 2000 in U.S. District
Court. On January 18, 2000, the jury returned a verdict in our favor on a
certain factual issue underlying BTG's invalidity claim, but the District
Court judge nevertheless entered judgment in favor of BTG and lifted the
preliminary injunction that had been in effect against BTG since 1995. On
February 23, 2000, we filed a motion with the Federal Circuit requesting that
the injunction against BTG be reinstated pending appeal and for an expedited
appeal. On February 24, 2000, the Federal Circuit temporarily reinstated the
injunction against BTG pending the Court's further review of the issues raised
in our motion. In the event that the injunction is not maintained during the
pendency of our appeal, or if our appeal is not successful, BTG could enter
the United States market with its human growth hormone product. For more
information and background on this litigation, see "Business--Competition" and
"--Legal Proceedings."
- - In December 1999, we received FDA approval for Nutropin Depot, the first
long-acting dosage form of recombinant human growth hormone, for treatment of
growth hormone deficiency in children.
- - With Novartis Pharma AG, or Novartis, and Tanox, Inc., we announced in
December 1999 positive results from Phase III clinical trials of anti-IgE in
patients with allergic asthma and seasonal allergic rhinitis. Results from
these trials were presented in March 2000 at the annual meeting of the
American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. We intend to file a
biologics license application, or BLA, in the United States and file for
regulatory approval in Europe by mid-year 2000.
- - In December 1999, we decided to proceed with Phase III clinical trials of
anti-VEGF in combination with chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer and
metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, based on positive results in Phase II
studies.
- - With XOMA Corporation, we announced in December 1999 the initiation of Phase
III clinical trials of anti-CD11a (hu1124) monoclonal antibody in psoriasis.
We expanded the anti-CD11a product development program to include solid organ
transplant rejection, and we are planning for Phase I clinical trials for this
indication.
- - In December 1999, we announced a collaboration with Inspire Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., or Inspire, to develop a therapy for respiratory disorders, including
cystic fibrosis and chronic bronchitis.
- - In the fourth quarter of 1999, we recorded a special charge of $180 million
related to the settlement of the patent infringement lawsuits brought by the
University of California relating to our human growth hormone products. We
subsequently paid the University of California $150 million and made a $50
million contribution to the University of California toward construction of a
biological sciences research building. The special charge reflects the amounts
of these obligations less amounts previously recorded. The settlement resolves
all outstanding litigation between Genentech and the University of California
relating to our growth hormone products.
2
<PAGE> 6
RELATIONSHIP WITH ROCHE HOLDINGS, INC.
Since 1990, Roche Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, commonly known as
Roche, has been our majority stockholder. Roche is an indirect, wholly owned
subsidiary of Roche Holding Ltd, a Swiss company, and is the holding company for
the principal operating subsidiaries of Roche Holding Ltd in the United States.
Roche Holding Ltd, through its various direct and indirect subsidiaries, engages
primarily in the development and manufacture of pharmaceuticals, vitamins and
fine chemicals, diagnostics, flavors and fragrances, and in the business of
analytical laboratory services.
On June 30, 1999, we redeemed all of our special common stock held by
stockholders, other than Roche, at $41.25 per share in cash and retired all of
the shares of special common stock including those held by Roche. On July 23,
1999, Roche completed the sale of 44,000,000 shares of our common stock at
$48.50 per share. On October 26, 1999, Roche completed the sale of 40,000,000
shares of our common stock at $71.75 per share. On January 19, 2000, Roche
completed an offering of zero-coupon notes which are exchangeable for an
aggregate of 6,517,309 shares of our common stock held by Roche. Roche currently
owns 65.6% of our common stock.
In July 1999, we entered into certain affiliation arrangements with Roche,
amended our licensing and marketing agreement with Hoffmann-La Roche, and
entered into a tax sharing agreement with Roche.
Affiliation Arrangements
Our board consists of two Roche directors, three independent directors nominated
by a nominating committee currently controlled by Roche, and one Genentech
employee. Arthur D. Levinson, Ph.D., the Chief Executive Officer of Genentech,
serves as the Genentech employee director and chairman of the board. However,
under the affiliation agreement, Roche has the right to obtain proportional
representation on our board at any time. Roche intends to continue to allow our
current management to conduct our business and operations as we have done in the
past. However, we cannot assure you that Roche will not implement a new business
plan in the future.
Except as follows, the affiliation arrangements do not limit Roche's ability to
buy or sell our common stock. If Roche and its affiliates sell their majority
ownership of shares of our common stock to a successor, Roche has agreed that it
will cause the successor to purchase all shares of our common stock not held by
Roche as follows:
- with consideration, if that consideration is composed entirely of either
cash or equity traded on a U.S. national securities exchange, in the same
form and amounts per share as received by Roche and its affiliates; and
- in all other cases, with consideration that has a value per share not
less than the weighted average value per share received by Roche and its
affiliates as determined by a nationally recognized investment bank.
If Roche owns more than 90% of our common stock for more than two months, Roche
has agreed that it will, as soon as reasonably practicable, effect a merger of
Genentech with Roche or an affiliate of Roche.
Roche has agreed, as a condition to any merger of Genentech with Roche or the
sale of our assets to Roche, that either:
- the merger or sale must be authorized by the favorable vote of a majority
of non-Roche stockholders, provided no person will be entitled to cast
more than 5% of the votes at the meeting; or
- in the event such a favorable vote is not obtained, the value of the
consideration to be received by non-Roche stockholders would be equal to
or greater than the average of the means of the ranges of fair values for
the common stock as determined by two nationally recognized investment
banks.
We have agreed not to approve, without the prior approval of the directors
designated by Roche:
- any acquisition, sale or other disposal of all or a portion of our
business representing 10% or more of our assets, net income or revenues;
- any issuance of capital stock except under certain circumstances; or
- any repurchase or redemption of our capital stock other than a redemption
required by the terms of any security and purchases made at fair market
value in connection with any of our deferred compensation plans.
3
<PAGE> 7
For more information about our relationship with Roche and its impact on
investors, please read "Relationship with Roche" and "Risk Factors--Roche, Our
Controlling Stockholder, May Have Interests That Are Adverse to Yours" below.
Licensing Agreement
We have, in the past, cooperated in various business collaborations with Roche.
We expect such cooperation to continue. In 1995, we entered into a licensing and
marketing agreement with Hoffmann-La Roche and its affiliates granting it a
ten-year option to license to use and sell products in non-U.S. markets. In July
1999, we amended that agreement, the major provisions of which include:
- extending Hoffmann-La Roche's option until at least 2015;
- Hoffmann-La Roche may exercise its option to license our products upon
the occurrence of any of the following: (1) our decision to file an
Investigational New Drug exemption application, or IND, for a product,
(2) completion of a Phase II trial for a product or (3) if Hoffmann-La
Roche previously paid us a fee of $10 million to extend its option on a
product, completion of a Phase III trial for that product;
- we have agreed, in general, to manufacture for and supply to Hoffmann-La
Roche its clinical requirements of our products at cost, and its
commercial requirements at cost plus a margin of 20%; however,
Hoffmann-La Roche will have the right to manufacture our products under
certain circumstances;
- Hoffmann-La Roche has agreed to pay, for each product for which
Hoffmann-La Roche exercises its option upon either a decision to file an
IND with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, or completion of
the Phase II trials, a royalty of 12.5% on the first $100 million on its
aggregate sales of that product and thereafter a royalty of 15% on its
aggregate sales of that product in excess of $100 million until the later
in each country of the expiration of our last relevant patent or 25 years
from the first commercial introduction of that product; and
- Hoffmann-La Roche will pay, for each product for which Hoffmann-La Roche
exercises its option after completion of the Phase III trials, a royalty
of 15% on its sales of that product until the later in each country of
the expiration of our relevant patent or 25 years from the first
commercial introduction of that product; however, $5 million of any
option extension fee paid by Hoffmann-La Roche will be credited against
royalties payable to us in the first calendar year of sales by
Hoffmann-La Roche in which aggregate sales of that product exceed $100
million.
For more information about this agreement, see "Business--Licensing Agreements
with F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd--Amended and Restated Licensing Agreement."
Tax Sharing Agreement
From the redemption of our special common stock in June 1999 until Roche
completed its public offering of our common stock in October 1999, we were
included in Roche's U.S. consolidated federal income tax group and included with
Roche and/or one or more Roche subsidiaries in consolidated or combined income
tax groups for certain state and local tax jurisdictions. Effective upon the
consummation of the public offering on October 1999, we ceased to be a member of
the consolidated federal income tax group (and certain consolidated or combined
state or local income tax groups) of which Roche is the common parent.
Genentech and Roche have entered into a tax sharing agreement. Pursuant to this
agreement, Genentech and Roche are to make payments such that, with respect to
the period during which Genentech is a member of a Roche consolidated or
combined group, the net amount paid by us on account of consolidated or combined
income taxes (including any amounts determined to be due as a result of a
redetermination of the consolidated or combined income tax liability of a Roche
group by reason of an audit by a taxing authority) will be determined as if we
had filed separate, stand-alone federal, state and local income tax returns as
the common parent of an affiliated group of corporations filing consolidated or
combined federal, state and local returns rather than a consolidated subsidiary
of Roche.
For more information about the tax sharing agreement, you should read
"Relationship with Roche--Tax Sharing Agreement."
4
<PAGE> 8
Roche's Right to Maintain its Percentage Ownership Interest in Our Stock
We expect from time to time to issue additional shares of common stock in
connection with our stock option and stock purchase plans, and we may issue
additional shares for other purposes.
The affiliation agreement requires us to, among other things, establish a stock
repurchase program designed to maintain Roche's percentage ownership interest in
our common stock if we issue or sell any shares. We are currently required to
repurchase a sufficient number of shares to maintain Roche's ownership
percentage at a level which is no lower than 2% below what it would have been
had we not issued or sold any new shares since Roche's public offering of our
common stock in July 1999. Specifically, the agreement provides that, with
respect to any issuance of common stock by us in the future, the percentage of
our common stock owned by Roche immediately after such issuance will be no lower
than Roche's lowest percentage ownership of our common stock at any time after
the July 1999 offering but prior to the time of such issuance, except that we
may issue shares up to an amount that would cause Roche's percentage ownership
to be no more than 2% below the "Minimum Percentage." The Minimum Percentage
equals the lowest number of shares of our common stock owned by Roche since the
July 1999 offering divided by the number of shares of our common stock
outstanding at the time of the July 1999 offering (which is 254,597,176 shares).
Following this offering, upon receipt of a written request from Roche, we will
be required to repurchase a number of shares of our common stock sufficient to
raise Roche's percentage ownership interest in our common stock above the
Minimum Percentage within 60 days of receipt of such notice. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, we have agreed that so long as Roche holds greater than 50% of our
outstanding common stock, prior to any issuance or sale of shares of our common
stock by us, we will repurchase a sufficient number of shares of our common
stock to maintain Roche's percentage ownership interest above 50%.
In addition, Roche has a continuing option to buy our stock from us at
prevailing market prices to maintain its percentage ownership interest in us.
As of February 29, 2000, Roche owned approximately 65.6% of our common stock and
will own approximately 58.9% of our common stock immediately after this
offering. As of February 29, 2000, the Minimum Percentage was approximately
67.0% and will be approximately 60.2% immediately after this offering.
For more information you should read "Relationship with Roche--Roche's Right to
Maintain its Percentage Ownership Interest in Our Stock."
5
<PAGE> 9
THE OFFERING
COMMON STOCK OFFERED BY ROCHE........17,300,000 shares
OVER-ALLOTMENT OPTION FROM ROCHE.....1,700,000 shares
COMMON STOCK OUTSTANDING.............260,051,435 shares
USE OF PROCEEDS......................We will not receive any of the net proceeds
from this offering.
DIVIDEND POLICY......................We do not intend to declare or pay any cash
dividends on our common stock in the
foreseeable future. We plan to retain any
earnings for use in the operation of our
business and to fund future growth.
NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE SYMBOL......."DNA"
Unless we specifically state otherwise, the information in this prospectus does
not take into account the sale of up to 1,700,000 shares of common stock by
Roche that the underwriters have the option to purchase solely to cover
over-allotments.
The number of shares of our common stock outstanding listed above is as of
February 29, 2000 and does not take into account 19,046,403 shares of common
stock that may be issued upon exercise of outstanding stock options, of which
options representing 4,590,894 shares of common stock were exercisable as of
this date.
6
<PAGE> 10
SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The following table presents summary consolidated financial data for our
company. The statement of operations data and balance sheet data presented in
this table are derived from our consolidated financial statements and notes
thereto, which are included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 1999, which is incorporated herein by reference.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
---------------------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
--------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
In millions, except per share data and percentages
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA
Total revenues.............................................. $ 1,421.4 $1,150.9 $1,016.7
Product sales............................................. 1,039.1 717.8 584.9
Royalties................................................. 189.3 229.6 241.1
Contract and other........................................ 103.6 114.8 121.6
Interest.................................................. 89.4 88.7 69.1
Total costs and expenses.................................... $ 2,762.3 $ 898.3 $ 846.9
Cost of sales............................................. 285.6 138.6 102.5
Research and development.................................. 367.3 396.2 470.9
Marketing, general and administrative..................... 467.9 358.9 269.9
Special charges
Legal settlements...................................... 230.0 -- --
Related to redemption.................................. 1,207.7 -- --
Recurring charges related to redemption................... 198.4 -- --
Interest.................................................. 5.4 4.6 3.6
Income (loss) before taxes.................................. $(1,340.9) $ 252.6 $ 169.8
Income tax (benefit) provision.............................. (196.4) 70.7 40.8
Net income (loss)........................................... $(1,144.5) $ 181.9 $ 129.0
Effective tax rate (benefit)................................ (15)% 28% 24%
Earnings (loss) per share
Basic..................................................... $ (4.46) $ 0.72 $ 0.52
Diluted................................................... (4.46) 0.70 0.51
Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic..................................................... 256.4 251.5 246.1
Diluted................................................... 256.4 259.7 252.8
Actual shares outstanding at period-end..................... 258.1 254.2 248.5
OTHER DATA
Cash flow from operations................................... (7.4) $ 349.9 $ 118.3
Depreciation expense........................................ 80.9 72.7 58.9
Amortization expense........................................ 200.5 5.4 6.6
Capital expenditures........................................ 95.0 88.1 154.9
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
------------
AS OF
DECEMBER 31,
1999
------------
<S> <C>
In millions
BALANCE SHEET DATA
Cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and
long-term marketable securities........................... $1,957.4
Working capital............................................. 842.4
Goodwill and other intangible assets........................ 3,082.0
Total assets................................................ 6,554.4
Long-term debt.............................................. 149.7
Total liabilities........................................... 1,271.6
Total stockholders' equity.................................. 5,282.8
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity.................. 6,554.4
</TABLE>
7
<PAGE> 11
RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider each of the risks and uncertainties described
below and all of the other information in this prospectus or incorporated by
reference before deciding to invest in shares of our common stock. The risks and
uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing our company.
Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we
currently believe to be immaterial may also adversely affect our business.
If any of the following risks and uncertainties develop into actual events, our
business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially and
adversely affected. In such case, the trading price of our common stock could
decline.
FLUCTUATIONS IN OUR OPERATING RESULTS COULD AFFECT THE PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK
Our operating results may vary from period to period for several reasons
including, but not limited to:
- the overall competitive environment for our products;
- the amount and timing of sales to customers in the United States;
- the amount and timing of our sales to Hoffmann-La Roche and the timing of
its sales to its customers;
- the timing and volume of bulk shipments to licensees;
- the availability of third-party reimbursements for the cost of therapy;
- the effectiveness and safety of our products;
- the rate of adoption and use of our products for approved indications and
additional indications;
- the potential introduction of new products and additional indications for
existing products in 2000 and beyond; and
- the ability to manufacture sufficient quantities of any particular
marketed product.
These fluctuations may not match the expectations of securities analysts and
investors. This could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline.
THE RESULTS OF OUR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ARE UNPREDICTABLE
Successful pharmaceutical product development is highly uncertain and is
dependent on numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control. Products
that appear promising in the early phases of development may fail to reach the
market for numerous reasons, including, but not limited to:
- they may be found to be ineffective or to have harmful side effects in
preclinical or clinical testing;
- they may fail to receive necessary regulatory approvals;
- they may turn out to be uneconomical because of manufacturing costs or
other factors; or
- they may be precluded from commercialization by the proprietary rights of
others or by competing products or technologies for the same indication.
Success in preclinical and early clinical trials does not ensure that
large-scale clinical trials will be successful. Clinical results are frequently
susceptible to varying interpretations that may delay, limit or prevent
regulatory approvals. The length of time necessary to complete clinical trials
and to submit an application for marketing approval for a final decision by a
regulatory authority varies significantly and may be difficult to predict.
Factors affecting our research and development expenses include, but are not
limited to:
- - the number of and the outcome of clinical trials currently being conducted by
us and/or our collaborators;
- - the number of products entering into development from late-stage research;
- - Hoffmann-La Roche's decisions whether to exercise its options to develop and
sell our future products in non-U.S. markets and the timing and amount of any
related development cost reimbursement;
8
<PAGE> 12
- in-licensing activities, including the timing and amount of related
development funding or milestone payments; and
- future levels of revenues.
ROCHE, OUR CONTROLLING STOCKHOLDER, MAY HAVE INTERESTS THAT ARE ADVERSE TO YOURS
Upon the completion of this offering, Roche will own 58.9% of our outstanding
common stock. Roche may in the future, through open market purchases or
otherwise, acquire additional shares of our common stock. As our majority
stockholder, Roche controls the outcome of actions requiring the approval of our
stockholders. Our bylaws provide, among other things, that the composition of
our board of directors shall consist of two Roche directors, three independent
directors nominated by a nominating committee and one Genentech employee
nominated by the nominating committee. As long as Roche owns in excess of 50% of
our common stock, Roche directors will comprise two of the three members of the
nominating committee. However, at any time until Roche owns less than 5% of our
stock, Roche will have the right to obtain proportional representation on our
board. Roche intends to continue to allow our current management to conduct our
business and operations as we have done in the past. However, we cannot assure
you that Roche will not institute a new business plan in the future. The
interests of Roche may conflict with the interests of other holders of common
stock. See "Relationship with Roche."
The affiliation agreement between us and Roche requires the approval of the
directors designated by Roche to make any acquisition or any sale or disposal of
all or a portion of our business representing 10% or more of our assets, net
income or revenues. Moreover, the affiliation agreement also contains provisions
which are designed to enable Roche to maintain its percentage ownership interest
in our common stock. These provisions may have the effect of limiting our
ability to make acquisitions. The affiliation agreement with Roche requires us
to, among other things, establish a stock repurchase program designed to
maintain Roche's percentage ownership interest in our common stock. While the
dollar amounts associated with these future purchases cannot currently be
estimated, such stock repurchases could have a material adverse impact on our
liquidity. For more information, see "Relationship with Roche--Roche's Right to
Maintain its Percentage Ownership Interest in Our Stock."
Our certificate of incorporation includes provisions relating to competition by
Roche with us, allocations of corporate opportunities, transactions with
interested parties and intercompany agreements and provisions limiting the
liability of certain people. Our certificate of incorporation provides that any
person purchasing or acquiring an interest in shares of our capital stock shall
be deemed to have consented to the provisions in the certificate of
incorporation relating to competition with Roche, conflicts of interest,
corporate opportunities and intercompany agreements, and such consent may
restrict such person's ability to challenge transactions carried out in
compliance with such provisions. Persons who are directors and/or officers of
ours and who are also directors and/or officers of Roche may choose to take
action in reliance on such provisions rather than act in a manner that might be
favorable to us but adverse to Roche. Two of our directors currently serve as
directors, officers and employees of Roche Holding Ltd and its affiliates.
WE DEPEND ON SKILLED PERSONNEL AND KEY RELATIONSHIPS
The success of our business depends, in large part, on our continued ability to
attract and retain highly qualified management, scientific, manufacturing and
sales and marketing personnel, and on our ability to develop and maintain
important relationships with leading research institutions and key distributors.
Competition for such personnel and relationships is intense. In connection with
the redemption of our special common stock, two of our existing employee stock
option plans terminated and a number of employee options, including many of
those held by senior management, were canceled. We have issued new employee
stock options to attract and retain employees. However, certain provisions of
our affiliation agreement with Roche are designed to enable Roche to maintain
its percentage ownership interest in our common stock, which may limit our
flexibility as to the number of shares we are able to grant under our stock
option plans. We cannot assure you that we will be able to attract or retain
such personnel or maintain such relationships.
WE FACE GROWING AND NEW COMPETITION
We face growing competition in two of our therapeutic markets and expect new
competition in a third market. First, in the thrombolytic market, Activase has
lost market share and could lose additional market share to Centocor, Inc.'s
Retavase(R) (reteplase); the resulting adverse effect on sales could be
material. Retavase received approval from the FDA in October 1996 for the
treatment of acute myocardial infarction. There is also an increasing use of
mechanical reperfusion in lieu of thrombolytic therapy for the treatment of
acute myocardial infarction, which we expect to continue.
9
<PAGE> 13
Second, in the growth hormone market, we continue to face increased competition
from five other companies with growth hormone products, although one company is
preliminarily enjoined from selling its product. As a result of this
competition, we have experienced a loss in new patient market share. Four of
these competitors have also received approval to market their existing human
growth hormone products for additional indications. As a result of this
competition, our sales of Protropin, Nutropin and Nutropin AQ may decline,
perhaps significantly.
Third, in the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma market, Coulter Pharmaceutical Inc., or
Coulter, is expected to file a revised BLA in 2000 for a product that would
compete with our product Rituxan. We are also aware of other potentially
competitive biologic therapies for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in development.
OTHER COMPETITIVE FACTORS COULD AFFECT OUR PRODUCT SALES
Other competitive factors that could affect our product sales include, but are
not limited to:
- the timing of FDA approval, if any, of competitive products;
- our pricing decisions and the pricing decisions of our competitors;
- the degree of patent protection afforded to particular products;
- the outcome of litigation involving our patents and patents of other
companies for products and processes related to production and
formulation of those products;
- the increasing use and development of alternate therapies; and
- the rate of market penetration by competing products.
IN CONNECTION WITH THE REDEMPTION OF OUR SPECIAL COMMON STOCK, WE RECORDED
SUBSTANTIAL GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLES, THE AMORTIZATION OF WHICH WILL
ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR EARNINGS
As a result of the redemption of our special common stock, Roche owned all of
our outstanding common stock, requiring push-down accounting under generally
accepted accounting principles. Push-down accounting required us to establish a
new accounting basis for our assets and liabilities, based on Roche's cost in
acquiring all of our stock. In other words, Roche's cost of acquiring Genentech
was "pushed down" to us and reflected on our financial statements. Push-down
accounting required us to record goodwill and other intangible assets of
approximately $1,706.0 million and $1,499.0 million, respectively, during the
second quarter of 1999. The amortization of this goodwill and other intangible
assets will have a significant negative impact on our financial results in
future years. In addition, we will continuously evaluate whether events and
circumstances have occurred that indicate the remaining balance of this and
other intangible assets may not be recoverable. When factors indicate that
assets should be evaluated for possible impairment, we may be required to reduce
the carrying value of our intangible assets, which could have a material adverse
effect on our financial condition and results of operations during the periods
in which such a reduction is recognized. We may be required to write down
intangible assets in future periods. For more information about push-down
accounting, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations
and Financial Condition" and the "Redemption of Our Special Common Stock" note
in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in our annual
report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999, which is incorporated
herein by reference.
OUR ROYALTY AND CONTRACT REVENUES COULD DECLINE
Royalty and contract revenues in future periods could vary significantly. Major
factors affecting these revenues include, but are not limited to:
- Hoffmann-La Roche's decisions whether to exercise its options to develop
and sell our future products in non-U.S. markets and the timing and
amount of any related development cost reimbursements;
- variations in Hoffmann-La Roche's sales and other licensees' sales of
licensed products;
- the conclusion of existing arrangements with other companies and
Hoffmann-La Roche;
- the timing of non-U.S. approvals, if any, for products licensed to
Hoffmann-La Roche and other licensees;
10
<PAGE> 14
- fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates;
- the initiation of new contractual arrangements with other companies;
- whether and when contract benchmarks are achieved;
- the failure of or refusal of a licensee to pay royalties; and
- the expiration or invalidation of patents or other licensed intellectual
property.
PROTECTING OUR PROPRIETARY RIGHTS IS DIFFICULT AND COSTLY
The patent positions of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies can be highly
uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. Accordingly, the
breadth of claims allowed in these companies' patents cannot be predicted.
Patent disputes are frequent and can preclude commercialization of products. We
have in the past been, are currently, and may in the future be involved in
material patent litigation. Patent litigation is costly in its own right and
could subject us to significant liabilities to third-parties and, if decided
adversely, we may need to obtain third-party licenses at a material cost or
cease using the technology or product in dispute. The presence of patents or
other proprietary rights belonging to other parties may lead to the termination
of the research and development of a particular product. We believe that we have
strong patent protection or the potential for strong patent protection for a
number of our products that generate sales and royalty revenue or that we are
developing. However, the courts will determine the ultimate strength of patent
protection of our products and those on which we earn royalties. You should read
"Business--Legal Proceedings."
WE ARE EXPOSED TO MARKET RISK
We are exposed to market risk, including changes to interest rates, foreign
currency exchange rates and equity investment prices. To reduce the volatility
relating to these exposures, we enter into various derivative investment
transactions pursuant to our investment and risk management policies and
procedures in areas such as hedging and counterparty exposure practices. We
could be exposed to losses related to these financial instruments should one of
our counterparties default. Variations in interest rates, foreign currency
exchange rates and equity investment prices may also affect our financial
results. You should read "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Results of
Operations and Financial Condition--Market Risk."
WE MAY INCUR MATERIAL LITIGATION COSTS
We are subject to legal proceedings, including those matters described in
"Business--Legal Proceedings." Litigation to which we are currently or have been
subjected relates to, among other things, our patent and intellectual property
rights, licensing arrangements with other persons, product liability and
financing activities. We cannot predict with certainty the eventual outcome of
pending litigation, and we could be required to incur substantial expense in
defending these lawsuits. We have in the past taken substantial special charges
relating to certain litigation, including special charges of $230.0 million in
1999.
WE MAY INCUR MATERIAL PRODUCT LIABILITY COSTS
The testing and marketing of medical products entail an inherent risk of product
liability. We maintain limited product liability insurance coverage. Our
business may be materially and adversely affected by a successful product
liability claim in excess of our insurance coverage. We cannot assure you that
product liability insurance coverage will continue to be available to us in the
future on reasonable terms or at all.
OUR PRODUCTS ARE SUBJECT TO GOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS AND APPROVALS
The pharmaceutical industry is subject to stringent regulation with respect to
product safety and efficacy by various federal, state and local authorities. Of
particular significance are the FDA's requirements covering research and
development, testing, manufacturing, quality control, labeling and promotion of
drugs for human use. A pharmaceutical product cannot be marketed in the United
States until it has been approved by the FDA, and then can only be marketed for
the indications and claims approved by the FDA. As a result of these
requirements, the length of time, the level of expenditures and the laboratory
and clinical information required for approval of a New Drug Application, or
NDA, or a BLA, are substantial and can require a
11
<PAGE> 15
number of years. We cannot be sure that we can obtain necessary regulatory
approvals on a timely basis, if at all, for any of the products we are
developing, and all of the following could have a material adverse effect on our
business:
- significant delays in obtaining or failing to obtain required approvals;
- loss of or changes to previously obtained approvals; and
- failing to comply with existing or future regulatory requirements.
Moreover, it is possible that the current regulatory framework could change or
additional regulations could arise at any stage during our product development,
which may affect our ability to obtain approval of our products.
OUR STOCK PRICE, LIKE THAT OF MANY BIOTECHNOLOGY COMPANIES, IS HIGHLY VOLATILE
The market prices for securities of biotechnology companies in general have been
highly volatile and may continue to be highly volatile in the future. In
addition, due to the absence of the put and call that were associated with our
special common stock and the reduction in the number of shares of our publicly
traded stock, the market price of our common stock has been and may continue to
be more volatile than our special common stock was in the past. The following
factors, in addition to other risk factors described in this section, may have a
significant impact on the market price of our common stock:
- announcements of technological innovations or new commercial products by
us or our competitors;
- developments concerning proprietary rights, including patents;
- publicity regarding actual or potential medical results relating to
products under development by us or our competitors;
- regulatory developments in the United States and foreign countries;
- public concern as to the safety of biotechnology products;
- economic and other external factors or other disaster or crisis; and
- period-to-period fluctuations in financial results.
A VARIETY OF FACTORS COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR CASH POSITION
Factors that could adversely affect our cash position include, but are not
limited to, future levels of our product sales, royalty and contract revenues,
expenses, in-licensing activities, including the timing and amount of related
development funding or milestone payments, acquisitions, capital expenditures
and the amount of any stock repurchased under any stock repurchase program. The
affiliation agreement with Roche requires us to, among other things, establish a
stock repurchase program designed to maintain Roche's percentage ownership
interest in our common stock. While the dollar amounts associated with these
future purchases cannot currently be estimated, such stock repurchases could
have a material adverse effect on our cash position and may have the effect of
limiting our ability to use our capital stock as consideration for acquisitions.
For more information you should read "Relationship with Roche--Right to Maintain
its Percentage Ownership Interest in Our Stock."
FUTURE SALES BY ROCHE COULD CAUSE THE PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK TO DECLINE
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market
following this offering could adversely affect the market price of our common
stock. You should read "Shares Eligible for Future Sale."
12
<PAGE> 16
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus are
forward-looking statements concerning our operations, economic performance and
financial condition. Forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section
27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and within the meaning of Section
21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are included, for
example, in the discussions about:
- our strategy;
- our future relationship with Roche;
- our liquidity;
- product sales, royalties and contract revenues;
- new product development or product introduction;
- expenses and net income;
- our credit risk management;
- our asset/liability risk management;
- our operational and legal risks;
- our consumer business; and
- how we may be affected by certain legal proceedings.
These statements involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ
materially from those expressed or implied in those statements. Factors that
could cause such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed
under "Risk Factors" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Results of
Operations and Financial Condition."
DIVIDEND POLICY
We have never declared or paid cash dividends. We do not intend to declare or
pay any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We plan to
retain any earnings for use in the operation of our business and to fund future
growth.
13
<PAGE> 17
PRICE RANGE OF SPECIAL COMMON STOCK
From October 26, 1995 until June 16, 1999, our special common stock traded on
the New York Stock Exchange and the Pacific Exchange under the symbol "GNE".
The following table sets forth the high and low reported sale prices for our
special common stock on the NYSE for the periods indicated. Since its issuance,
our special common stock was subject to a redemption right, exercisable at the
option of Roche, at predetermined prices per share. On June 30, 1999, we
redeemed all of our special common stock held by stockholders, other than Roche,
at $41.25 per share in cash and retired all of the shares of special common
stock including those held by Roche. We completed a two-for-one split of our
common stock, effected in the form of a stock dividend, on November 2, 1999. The
prices per share below give effect to that stock split.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
----------------
HIGH LOW
---- ---
<S> <C> <C>
1997
First Quarter............................................. $29 $26 5/8
Second Quarter............................................ 29 5/8 28 1/4
Third Quarter............................................. 29 15/32 28 1/4
Fourth Quarter............................................ 30 5/16 28 3/4
1998
First Quarter............................................. $36 1/4 $29 5/8
Second Quarter............................................ 36 7/8 32 7/8
Third Quarter............................................. 36 11/32 31 25/32
Fourth Quarter............................................ 39 3/4 34 1/16
1999
First Quarter............................................. $44 15/32 $37 1/4
Second Quarter (through June 16).......................... 45 40 31/32
</TABLE>
PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK
Since July 20, 1999, our common stock has traded on the New York Stock Exchange
under the symbol "DNA". The following table sets forth the high and low reported
sale prices for our common stock for the periods indicated. We completed a
two-for-one split of our common stock, effected in the form of a stock dividend,
on November 2, 1999. The prices per share below give effect to that stock split.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
-----------------
HIGH LOW
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
1999
Third Quarter (beginning July 20)......................... $ 89 3/4 $ 58 1/4
Fourth Quarter............................................ 143 66 7/8
2000
First Quarter (through March 7, 2000)..................... $245 $117
</TABLE>
14
<PAGE> 18
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction
with, and are qualified by reference to, "Management's Discussion and Analysis
of Results of Operations and Financial Condition," included elsewhere in this
prospectus, and the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto
included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999,
which is incorporated herein by reference. The statement of operations data for
the years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997 and the balance sheet data as
of December 31, 1999 and 1998 are derived from, and qualified by reference to,
our audited consolidated financial statements included in our annual report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999, which is incorporated herein by
reference, and should be read in conjunction with those consolidated financial
statements and related notes.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
-----------------------------------------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-----------------------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997 1996 1995
--------- -------- -------- ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
In millions, except per share data and percentages
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA
Total revenues....................................... $ 1,421.4 $1,150.9 $1,016.7 $968.7 $917.8
Product sales...................................... 1,039.1 717.8 584.9 582.8 635.3
Royalties.......................................... 189.3 229.6 241.1 214.7 190.8
Contract and other................................. 103.6 114.8 121.6 107.0 31.2
Interest........................................... 89.4 88.7 69.1 64.2 60.5
Total costs and expenses............................. $ 2,762.3 $ 898.3 $ 846.9 $820.8 $745.6
Cost of sales...................................... 285.6 138.6 102.5 104.5 97.9
Research and development........................... 367.3 396.2 470.9 471.1 363.0
Marketing, general and administrative.............. 467.9 358.9 269.9 240.1 251.7
Special charges
Legal settlements............................... 230.0 -- -- -- 25.0
Related to redemption........................... 1,207.7 -- -- -- --
Recurring charges related to redemption............ 198.4 -- -- -- --
Interest........................................... 5.4 4.6 3.6 5.1 8.0
Income (loss) before taxes........................... $(1,340.9) $ 252.6 $ 169.8 $147.9 $172.2
Income tax (benefit) provision....................... (196.4) 70.7 40.8 29.6 25.8
Net income (loss).................................... $(1,144.5) $ 181.9 $ 129.0 $118.3 $146.4
Effective tax rate (benefit)......................... (15)% 28% 24% 20% 15%
Earnings (loss) per share
Basic.............................................. $ (4.46) $ 0.72 $ 0.52 $ 0.49 $ 0.62
Diluted............................................ (4.46) 0.70 0.51 0.48 0.60
Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic.............................................. 256.4 251.5 246.1 241.2 236.5
Diluted............................................ 256.4 259.7 252.8 247.9 243.5
Actual shares outstanding at period-end.............. 258.1 254.2 248.5 242.9 238.5
OTHER DATA
Depreciation expense................................. $ 80.9 $ 72.7 $ 58.9 $ 57.6 $ 53.3
Amortization expense................................. 200.5 5.4 6.6 4.5 5.1
Capital expenditures................................. 95.0 88.1 154.9 141.8 70.2
</TABLE>
The special charge in 1995 relates to the merger and agreement with Roche ($21
million) and the resignation of our prior chief executive officer ($4 million).
The legal settlements in 1999 relate to (1) a $50 million settlement in April
1999 with respect to past human growth hormone promotional practices and (2)
$180 million related to the settlement of the patent infringement lawsuits
brought by the University of California relating to our human growth hormone
products.
15
<PAGE> 19
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
--------------------------------------------------------
AS OF DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997 1996 1995
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
In millions
BALANCE SHEET DATA
Cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments
and long-term marketable securities............ $1,957.4 $1,604.6 $1,286.5 $1,159.1 $1,096.8
Accounts receivable.............................. 214.8 149.7 189.2 197.6 172.2
Inventories...................................... 275.2 148.6 116.0 91.9 93.6
Working capital.................................. 842.4 950.6 904.4 705.1 812.0
Property, plant and equipment, net............... 730.1 700.2 683.3 586.2 503.7
Other intangible and long-term assets............ 1,654.4 196.3 177.2 149.2 105.5
Total assets..................................... 6,554.4 2,855.4 2,507.6 2,226.4 2,011.0
Total current liabilities........................ 484.1 291.3 289.6 250.0 233.4
Long-term debt................................... 149.7 150.0 150.0 150.0 150.0
Total liabilities................................ 1,271.6 511.6 476.4 425.3 408.9
Total stockholders' equity....................... 5,282.8 2,343.8 2,031.2 1,801.1 1,602.0
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity....... 6,554.4 2,855.4 2,507.6 2,226.4 2,011.0
</TABLE>
16
<PAGE> 20
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION
OVERVIEW
We are a leading biotechnology company that uses human genetic information to
discover, develop, manufacture and market human pharmaceuticals for significant
unmet medical needs. We manufacture and market seven products directly in the
United States, including: Herceptin, Rituxan (rituximab), Activase, Protropin,
Nutropin, Nutropin AQ and Pulmozyme, and we are manufacturing and preparing to
market Nutropin Depot.
We receive royalties on sales of rituximab outside of the United States
(excluding Japan), on sales of Pulmozyme and Herceptin outside of the United
States and on sales of certain products in Canada from Hoffmann-La Roche. We
receive royalties on sales of growth hormone products and t-PA outside of the
United States and Canada and on sales of rituximab in Japan through other
licensees. We also receive worldwide royalties on seven additional licensed
products that are marketed by other companies. Six of these products originated
from our technology.
REDEMPTION OF OUR SPECIAL COMMON STOCK
On June 30, 1999, we redeemed all of our outstanding special common stock held
by stockholders other than Roche at a price of $41.25 per share in cash with
funds deposited by Roche for that purpose. We refer to this event as the
"Redemption." As a result of the Redemption, Roche's percentage ownership of our
outstanding common stock increased from 65% to 100%. Consequently, under U.S.
generally accepted accounting principles, we were required to use push-down
accounting to reflect in our financial statements the amounts paid for our stock
in excess of our net book value. Push-down accounting required us to record
$1,706.0 million of goodwill and $1,499.0 million of other intangible assets on
our balance sheet in the second quarter of 1999. Also, as a result of push-down
accounting, we recorded special charges related to the Redemption of $1,207.7
million in 1999. For more information about special charges and push-down
accounting, you should read "--Special Charges" below and the "Redemption of Our
Special Common Stock" note in the notes to our consolidated financial statements
included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999,
which is incorporated herein by reference.
PUBLIC OFFERINGS
On July 23, 1999 and October 26, 1999, Roche completed public offerings of our
common stock. As a result, Roche's percentage ownership of our outstanding
common stock was reduced to approximately 66.1% at December 31, 1999. We did not
receive any of the net proceeds from the offerings. Our common stock began
trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol DNA on July 20, 1999.
STOCK SPLIT
On November 2, 1999, we effected a two-for-one stock split of our common stock
in the form of a dividend of one share of our common stock for each share held
at the close of business on October 29, 1999. Our stock began trading on a
split-adjusted basis on November 3, 1999. All information in this prospectus
relating to the number of shares, price per share and per share amounts of
common stock and special common stock gives effect to the split.
17
<PAGE> 21
COMPARISON OF YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997
Pro forma results exclude special charges related to the Redemption and legal
settlements, recurring charges and other items related to the Redemption, and
their related tax effects. These charges are further discussed below in
"--Special Charges" and "--Recurring Charges Related to Redemption."
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
----------------------------------------------------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
REVENUES ------------------------------------------ ANNUAL % CHANGE
1999 -------------------
-------------------- PRO FORMA
ACTUAL PRO FORMA 1998 1997 99/98 98/97
-------- --------- -------- -------- --------- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
In millions
Revenues................................... $1,421.4 $1,401.0 $1,150.9 $1,016.7 22% 13%
</TABLE>
Total Revenues: Total revenues for 1999 reached $1,421.4 million, a 24% increase
from 1998 primarily due to higher product sales.
Pro forma revenues for 1999 were $1,401.0 million, reflecting an increase of 22%
from 1998 driven by higher product sales. Revenues for 1998 increased 13% from
1997. This increase was also attributable to higher product sales. These
increases are further discussed below.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
------------------------------------------------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
PRODUCT SALES -------------------------------------- ANNUAL % CHANGE
1999 -------------------
-------------------- PRO FORMA
ACTUAL PRO FORMA 1998 1997 99/98 98/97
-------- --------- ------ ------ --------- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
In millions
Herceptin..................................... $ 188.4 $ 188.4 $ 30.5 -- 518% --
Rituxan....................................... 279.4 279.4 162.6 $ 5.5 72 2,856%
Activase...................................... 236.0 236.0 213.0 260.7 11 (18)
Protropin, Nutropin and Nutropin AQ........... 221.2 221.2 214.0 223.6 3 (4)
Pulmozyme..................................... 111.4 111.4 93.8 91.6 19 2
Actimmune..................................... 2.7 2.7 3.9 3.5 (31) 11
-------- -------- ------ ------
Total product sales...................... $1,039.1 $1,039.1 $717.8 $584.9 45% 23%
% of revenues................................. 73% 74% 62% 58%
</TABLE>
Total Product Sales: Total product sales were $1,039.1 million in 1999, an
increase of 45% from 1998 reflecting the effect of strong Rituxan sales, a full
year of Herceptin sales and higher Activase sales. Product sales increased 23%
in 1998 from 1997 as a result of a full year of Rituxan sales and initial
Herceptin sales in the fourth quarter of 1998. This increase was partly offset
by lower Activase and growth hormone sales in 1998. Product sales in connection
with our licensing agreement with Hoffmann-La Roche were $41.3 million in 1999,
$28.7 million in 1998 and $17.4 million in 1997. See "Business--Licensing
Agreement with F. Hoffmann La Roche" below for further information about our
licensing agreement with Hoffmann-La Roche.
Herceptin: Sales of Herceptin were $188.4 million in 1999. We recorded $30.5
million of initial sales of Herceptin in the fourth quarter of 1998. An increase
in physician acceptance of Herceptin has contributed to a positive sales trend
and successful penetration into the breast cancer market. Herceptin was first
marketed in September 1998 and is the first humanized monoclonal antibody for
the treatment of HER2 overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. We have granted
Hoffmann-La Roche exclusive marketing rights to Herceptin outside of the United
States.
Rituxan: Sales of Rituxan were $279.4 million in 1999, an increase of 72% from
1998. This increase was primarily due to increased market penetration for the
treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Sales of Rituxan were $162.6 million
in 1998, its first full year of sales. Rituxan was approved for marketing by the
FDA in late November 1997 and we launched Rituxan in December 1997. We
co-developed Rituxan with IDEC Pharmaceuticals Corporation, commonly known as
IDEC, from which we license Rituxan. We and IDEC are jointly promoting Rituxan
in the United States. We shared responsibility with IDEC for manufacturing the
product until the end of the third quarter of 1999, when IDEC finished
transferring all bulk manufacturing responsibilities for Rituxan to us. Our
partner Hoffmann-La Roche received permission from the European
18
<PAGE> 22
Commission to market rituximab under the tradename MabThera(R) in the European
Union. Hoffmann-La Roche holds marketing rights for MabThera outside of the
United States, excluding Japan, and has agreed to pay us royalties and a mark-up
on MabThera supplied to Hoffmann-La Roche.
In December 1998, a letter was sent to physicians advising them of some deaths
associated with administration of Rituxan. As a result, we and IDEC updated the
warning section of the Rituxan package insert to include information on
infusion-related reactions and cardiovascular events.
Activase: Sales of Activase were $236.0 million in 1999, an increase of 11% from
1998. This increase was largely due to the usage of Activase in peripheral
vascular occlusive disease in lieu of another company's thrombolytic that was
unavailable. This increase was offset in part by a continued decline in the
overall size of the thrombolytic therapy market due to increasing use of
mechanical reperfusion and continued competition from Centocor's Retavase. Sales
of Activase in 1998 decreased 18% from 1997 primarily due to competition from
Retavase. The decrease in 1998 also resulted, to a lesser extent, from a decline
in the size of the thrombolytic market and from a temporary decrease in the
available commercial market due to patients receiving therapy through large
Phase III clinical trials completed in 1998.
Protropin, Nutropin and Nutropin AQ: Sales of our three growth hormone
products--Protropin, Nutropin, and Nutropin AQ,--were $221.2 million in 1999, a
slight increase from 1998. This increase primarily reflects fluctuations in
distributor ordering patterns. Sales of our growth hormone products decreased
slightly in 1998 from 1997. A small loss of market share was seen in 1998 due to
increased competition. We continue to face increased competition from five other
companies with growth hormone products, although one company is preliminarily
enjoined from selling its product.
In December 1999, we received FDA approval for Nutropin Depot, the first
long-acting dosage form of recombinant growth hormone for pediatric growth
hormone deficiency. We expect to launch the product in the first half of 2000.
Pulmozyme: Sales of Pulmozyme were $111.4 million in 1999, an increase of 19%
from 1998. This increase was due to our continued market penetration for the
management of cystic fibrosis in the early and mild patient populations. Sales
of Pulmozyme were slightly higher in 1998 compared to 1997 primarily as a result
of treatment of new patients in the mild to moderate cystic fibrosis patient
population and treatment of new cystic fibrosis patients under the age of five
due to a 1998 FDA approval for a label extension.
Actimmune (interferon gamma-lb): In the second quarter of 1998, in return for a
royalty on net sales, we licensed U.S. marketing and development rights to
interferon gamma, including Actimmune, to Connetics Corporation. Thereafter,
Connetics Corporation sublicensed all of its rights to InterMune
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or InterMune. After a transition period, as of January
1999, we no longer sell Actimmune directly in the United States. We have agreed
to supply bulk materials to InterMune at cost plus a mark-up.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
---------------------------------------------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
ROYALTIES, CONTRACT AND OTHER, AND INTEREST INCOME ------------------------------------ ANNUAL % CHANGE
1999 ------------------
------------------ PRO FORMA
ACTUAL PRO FORMA 1998 1997 99/98 98/97
------ --------- ------ ------ --------- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
In millions
Royalties........................................ $189.3 $189.3 $229.6 $241.1 (18)% (5)%
Contract and other............................... 103.6 83.2 114.8 121.6 (28) (6)
Interest income.................................. 89.4 89.4 88.7 69.1 1 28
</TABLE>
Royalties: Royalty income was $189.3 million in 1999, a decrease of 18% from
1998. Royalties in 1998 decreased 5% from 1997. These decreases primarily relate
to the expiration of royalties from Eli Lilly and Company in August 1998. Under
a 1994 settlement agreement and a prior license agreement with Eli Lilly, we
received royalties for sales of Humulin(R) (human insulin) which expired in
August 1998. The decrease in 1999 was partly offset by higher royalties from
various licensees, and new royalties from Immunex Corporation under a licensing
agreement for Enbrel(R) (etanercept) biologic response modifier. Cash flows from
royalty income include revenues denominated in foreign currency. We currently
purchase simple foreign currency put option contracts (options) to hedge these
royalty cash flows. All options expire within the next three years.
19
<PAGE> 23
Contract and Other Revenues: Contract and other revenues were $103.6 million in
1999, a decrease of 10% from 1998. This decrease which is further explained
below, was partly offset by an adjustment of $20.3 million related to the
write-up of certain marketable securities on June 30, 1999 as a result of
push-down accounting. See the "Redemption of Our Special Common Stock" note in
the notes to our consolidated financial statements in our annual report on Form
10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999, which are incorporated herein by
reference, for further information on push-down accounting.
Pro forma contract and other revenues in 1999, which exclude the effect of
push-down accounting, were $83.2 million, a decrease of 28% from 1998. This
decrease resulted primarily from higher revenues in 1998 related to payments
from Hoffmann-La Roche for Herceptin marketing rights and from Novo Nordisk A/S,
commonly known as Novo, for the patent infringement litigation settlement, as
discussed below. These decreases were offset in part by higher revenues in 1999
from our strategic alliances, including initial license fees from Immunex
Corporation for Enbrel and from Schwarz Pharma AG for Nutropin AQ and Nutropin
Depot sustained-release growth hormone, and higher gains from the sale of
biotechnology equity securities. Contract and other revenues in 1998 decreased
6% from 1997 as a result of lower contract revenues from our strategic alliances
and lower gains from the sale of biotechnology equity securities. In addition,
contract revenues from Hoffmann-La Roche in 1998 decreased significantly from
1997 primarily due to the discontinuation of several projects or indications in
development.
In July 1998, we settled a lawsuit brought by us against Novo relating to our
patents for human growth hormone and insulin and a lawsuit brought by Novo
alleging infringement of a patent held by Novo relating to our manufacture, use
and sale of our Nutropin human growth hormone products. Under the settlement
agreement, we agreed with Novo to cross-license worldwide certain patents
relating to human growth hormone. In August 1998, Novo received a worldwide
license under our patents relating to insulin, and we received certain payments
from Novo that were recorded in contract revenues.
We recorded nonrecurring contract revenues from Hoffmann-La Roche of $40.0
million in 1998 for Herceptin marketing rights outside of the United States. All
other contract revenue from Hoffmann-La Roche, including reimbursement for
ongoing development expenses after the option exercise date, totaled $17.2
million in 1999, $21.6 million in 1998 and $67.6 million in 1997.
Interest Income: Interest income in 1999 was comparable to 1998. Although our
cash, short-term and long-term investment portfolio, excluding marketable equity
securities, at December 31, 1999 decreased from December 31, 1998, the average
portfolio balance for the year was higher than the previous year. This resulted
in an increase in interest income, which was offset by lower portfolio yields.
Interest income increased in 1998 from 1997 primarily due to an increase in the
investment portfolio and, to a lesser extent, a higher average yield on the
investment portfolio.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
-----------------------------------------------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
COSTS AND EXPENSES -------------------------------------- ANNUAL % CHANGE
1999 ------------------
-------------------- PRO FORMA
ACTUAL PRO FORMA 1998 1997 99/98 98/97
-------- --------- ------ ------ --------- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
In millions
Cost of sales.................................. $ 285.6 $ 192.2 $138.6 $102.5 39% 35%
Research and development....................... 367.3 367.3 396.2 470.9 (7) (16)
Marketing, general and administrative.......... 467.9 467.9 358.9 269.9 30 33
Special charges:
Legal settlements............................ 230.0 -- -- -- -- --
Related to redemption........................ 1,207.7 -- -- -- -- --
Recurring charges related to redemption........ 198.4 -- -- -- -- --
Interest expense............................... 5.4 5.4 4.6 3.6 17 28
-------- -------- ------ ------
Total costs and expenses..................... $2,762.3 $1,032.8 $898.3 $846.9 15% 6%
% of revenues.................................. 194% 74% 78% 83%
Cost of sales as a % of product sales.......... 18 19 18
Research and development as % of revenues...... 26 34 46
Marketing, general and administrative as % of
revenues..................................... 33 31 27
</TABLE>
20
<PAGE> 24
Cost of Sales: Cost of sales was $285.6 million in 1999, an increase of 106%
from 1998. This increase reflects the costs related to the sale of inventory
that was written up at the Redemption due to push-down accounting. The remaining
inventory that was written up is expected to be sold in 2000.
Pro forma cost of sales in 1999, exclusive of the expense related to the sale of
the inventory written up at the Redemption due to push-down accounting, was
$192.2 million, a 39% increase from 1998. Cost of sales as a percent of net
sales, exclusive of the expense related to the sale of the inventory written up,
decreased to 18% in 1999 from 1998. This decrease was primarily driven by
efficiencies in production and a more favorable product mix. Cost of sales as a
percent of product sales increased to 19% in 1998 from 1997. This increase was
primarily the result of increased sales to Hoffmann-La Roche as well as a shift
in the product mix, including the first full year of Rituxan sales and the
introduction of Herceptin. The economic benefits from sales to Hoffmann-La Roche
are reflected in product sales and royalties.
Research and Development: Research and development expenses in 1999 were $367.3
million, down 7% from 1998 as a result of reduced spending as products
progressed through late-stage clinical trials. Research and development expenses
in 1998 decreased 16% from 1997 primarily due to the wind-down of certain large
late-stage clinical trials and lower expenses for licensing technology from
third parties. The decrease in 1998 was partly offset by higher costs related to
large scale development collaborations. Research and development as a percentage
of pro forma revenues was 26% in 1999 and as a percentage of revenues was 34% in
1998 and 46% in 1997. The lower ratios from year to year reflect growing
revenues and more recently in 1999 and 1998 a decrease in research and
development spending.
To gain additional access to potential new products and technologies, and to
utilize other companies to help develop potential new products, we establish
strategic alliances with various companies. These companies are developing
technologies that may fall outside our research focus and through technology
exchanges and investments with these companies we may have the potential to
generate new products. As part of these strategic alliances, we have acquired
equity and convertible debt securities of such companies. We have also entered
into product-specific collaborations to acquire development and marketing rights
for products.
Marketing, General and Administrative: Marketing, general and administrative
expenses in 1999 increased 30% from 1998 and such expenses in 1998 increased 33%
from 1997. The increase in 1999 was driven mainly by support of the growth of
our oncology products including the profit-sharing with IDEC related to Rituxan
sales, and competitive conditions with other marketed products. Additional
increases came from higher royalty, legal and corporate expenses. The 33%
increase in 1998 was due to the introduction of Rituxan and related profit
sharing with IDEC, the launch of Herceptin and a new indication for Nutropin and
Nutropin AQ, competitive conditions with other marketed products and the
write-down of certain biotechnology equity securities.
Special Charges: During 1999, we had special charges of $1,437.7 million related
to the Redemption and the application of push-down accounting, and legal
settlements. The Redemption related charge of $1,207.7 million primarily
included: (1) a non-cash charge of $752.5 million for in-process research and
development, (2) $284.5 million of compensation expense related to early cash
settlement of certain employee stock options and (3) an aggregate of
approximately $160.1 million as a non-cash charge for the remeasurement of the
value of continuing employee stock options. The legal settlements charge
included: (1) a $50.0 million settlement related to a federal investigation of
our past clinical, sales and marketing activities associated with human growth
hormone; and (2) $180.0 million related to the settlement on the patent
infringement lawsuits brought by the University of California relating to our
human growth hormone products. See "--In-Process Research and Development" below
and the "Redemption of Our Special Common Stock" and "Leases, Commitments and
Contingencies" notes in the notes to our consolidated financial statements
included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999,
which is incorporated herein by reference, for further information regarding
these special charges.
Recurring Charges Related to Redemption: We began recording recurring charges
related to the Redemption and push-down accounting in the third quarter of 1999.
These charges were $198.4 million in 1999 and were comprised of $191.1 million
related to the amortization of other intangible assets and goodwill, and $7.3
million of compensation expense related to alternative arrangements provided at
the time of the Redemption for certain holders of some of the unvested options.
21
<PAGE> 25
Interest Expense: Interest expense will fluctuate depending on the amount of
capitalized interest related to the amount of construction projects. Interest
expense, net of amounts capitalized, relates to interest on our 5% convertible
subordinated debentures.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
---------------------------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------------------
1999
Income Before Taxes and Income Taxes ---------------------
ACTUAL PRO FORMA 1998 1997
--------- --------- ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
In millions
Income (loss) before taxes.................................. $(1,340.9) $368.2 $252.6 $169.8
Income tax (benefit) provision.............................. (196.4) 121.5 70.7 40.8
Effective tax rate.......................................... 15% 33% 28% 24%
</TABLE>
Income Tax: The tax benefit of $196.4 million for 1999 consists of tax expense
of $121.5 million on pretax income excluding the income and deductions
attributable to push-down accounting and legal settlements, and tax benefits of
$317.9 million related to income and deductions attributable to push-down
accounting and legal settlements. Our effective tax rate for 1999 was
approximately 15%. The tax rate on pretax income excluding non-recurring special
charges was 50% for 1999, which reflects the impact of non-deductible goodwill
amortization related to push-down accounting.
The pro forma 1999 effective tax rate of 33% is higher than the 1998 effective
tax rate of 28% primarily due to reduced research credits and realization of
foreign losses. The 1998 effective tax rate increased from the 24% rate in 1997
primarily due to reduced research credits.
We expect our effective tax rate on pro forma income to increase to
approximately 34% in 2000. Our effective tax rate on pre-tax income, including
recurring Redemption related charges, will be adversely affected due to a full
year of non-deductible goodwill amortization.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
--------------------------------------------------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------ ANNUAL % CHANGE
Net Income (Loss) --------------------- -------------------
1999
--------------------- PRO FORMA
ACTUAL PRO FORMA 1998 1997 99/98 98/97
--------- --------- ------ ------ --------- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
In millions
Net income (loss)............................ $(1,144.5) $246.7 $181.9 $129.0 36% 41%
Earnings (loss) per share:
Basic...................................... $ (4.46) $ 0.96 $ 0.72 $ 0.52
Diluted.................................... $ (4.46) $ 0.93 $ 0.70 $ 0.51
</TABLE>
Net Income (Loss): The net loss in 1999 of $1,144.5 million, or a loss of $4.46
per share, is attributable to the Redemption and related push-down accounting,
legal settlements and their related tax effects.
Pro forma net income in 1999 was $246.7 million, or $0.93 per share, a 36%
increase in pro forma net income from 1998. This increase was due to higher
Herceptin, Rituxan and Activase sales and lower research and development
spending. The increase was partly offset by higher marketing, general and
administrative expenses, higher cost of sales, higher income taxes and lower
royalty and contract and other revenues. The 41% increase in net income in 1998
from 1997 was driven primarily by sales of Rituxan and Herceptin, lower research
and development expenses and higher interest income. These revenue increases and
lower expenses were partly offset by higher marketing, general and
administrative expenses, a decrease in Activase sales, higher cost of sales and
higher income taxes.
In-Process Research and Development: At June 30, 1999, the Redemption date, we
determined that the acquired in-process technology was not technologically
feasible and that the in-process technology had no future alternative uses. As a
result, $500.5 million of in-process research and development related to Roche's
1990 through 1997 purchases of our common stock was charged to retained
earnings, and $752.5 million of in-process research and development related to
the Redemption was charged to operations at June 30, 1999.
The amounts of in-process research and development were determined based on an
analysis using the risk-adjusted cash flows expected to be generated by the
products that result from the in-process projects. The analysis included
forecasted future cash flows that were expected to result from the progress made
on each of the in-process projects prior to the purchase dates. These cash flows
were estimated by first forecasting, on a product-by-product basis, total
revenues expected from sales of the first
22
<PAGE> 26
generation of each in-process product. A portion of the gross in-process product
revenues was then removed to account for the contribution provided by any core
technology, which was considered to benefit the in-process products. The net
in-process revenue was then multiplied by the project's estimated percentage of
completion as of the purchase dates to determine a forecast of net in-process
research and development revenues attributable to projects completed prior to
the purchase dates. Appropriate operating expenses, cash flow adjustments and
contributory asset returns were deducted from the forecast to establish a
forecast of net returns on the completed portion of the in-process technology.
Finally, these net returns were discounted to a present value at discount rates
that incorporate both the weighted average cost of capital (relative to the
biotech industry and us) as well as the product-specific risk associated with
the purchased in-process research and development products. The product specific
risk factors included each product in each phase of development, type of
molecule under development, likelihood of regulatory approval, manufacturing
process capability, scientific rationale, pre-clinical safety and efficacy data,
target product profile and development plan. The discount rates ranged from 16%
to 19% for the 1999 valuation and 20% to 28% for the 1990 purchase valuation,
all of which represent a significant risk premium to our weighted average cost
of capital.
The forecast data in the analysis was based on internal product level forecast
information maintained by our management in the ordinary course of managing the
business. The inputs used by us in analyzing in-process research and development
were based on assumptions, which we believed to be reasonable but which were
inherently uncertain and unpredictable. These assumptions may be incomplete or
inaccurate, and no assurance can be given that unanticipated events and
circumstances will not occur.
A brief description of projects that were included in the in-process research
and development charge is set forth below, including an estimated percentage of
completion as of the Redemption date. Projects subsequently added to the
research and development pipeline are not included. Except as otherwise noted
below, there have been no significant changes to the projects since the
Redemption date. We do not track all costs associated with research and
development on a project-by-project basis. Therefore, we believe a calculation
of cost incurred as a percentage of total incurred project cost as of FDA
approval is not possible. We estimated, however, that the research and
development expenditures that will be required to complete the in-process
projects will total at least $750.0 million, as compared to $700.0 million as of
the Redemption date. This estimate reflects an increase in certain cost
estimates related to early stage projects partially offset by decreases in cost
to complete estimates for other projects.
The foregoing discussion of our in-process research and development projects,
and in particular the following table and subsequent paragraphs regarding the
future of these projects, our additional product programs and our process
technology program include forward-looking statements that involve risks and
uncertainties, and actual results may vary materially. For a discussion of risk
factors that may affect projected completion dates and the progress of research
and development, see "Risk Factors--The Results of Our Research and Development
Are Unpredictable," "--Protecting Our Proprietary Rights Is Difficult and
Costly" and "--Our Products Are Subject to Governmental Regulations and
Approvals."
At the Redemption date, we estimated percentage complete data for each project
based on weighting of three indicators, as follows:
- PTS: Probability of technical success is a project level statistic
maintained by us on an ongoing basis, which is intended to represent the
current likelihood of project success, i.e., FDA approval. This is a
quantitative calculation based on the stage of development and the
complexity of the project, and it is highly correlated with the project's
phase of development. PTS is periodically adjusted to reflect actual
experiences over a reasonable period of time.
- Status compared to Baseline Model: We developed a baseline model which
allocated percentages of a standard development project to each major
phase of the project based on our experience. We then overlaid the
time-based status of each project to this baseline model, in order to
calculate a percentage complete for each project.
23
<PAGE> 27
- Management's Estimate of Percentage Complete: Below is a list of the
projects and their estimated percentage complete included in the
in-process research and development charge related to the Redemption:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AS OF THE REDEMPTION DATE, JUNE 30, 1999
--------------------------------------------
PHASE OF SUBSTANTIAL
PROJECT DESCRIPTION/INDICATION DEVELOPMENT COMPLETION DATE % COMPLETE
------- ------------------------------------ ------------- --------------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Nutropin Depot long-acting dosage form of Awaiting 2000 85%
recombinant growth hormone Regulatory
Approval
TNKase second generation t-PA acute myocardial infarction Awaiting 2000 90%
Regulatory
Approval
Anti-IgE antibody allergic asthma, seasonal allergic Phase III 2001 75%
rhinitis
Pulmozyme early-stage cystic fibrosis Phase III 2003 75%
Dornase alfa AERx(TM) Delivery cystic fibrosis Preparing for 2003 45%
System clinical
testing
Rituxan antibody intermediate- and high-grade Phase III 2004 60%
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Xubix (sibrafiban) oral orally administered inhibitor of Phase III 2000 65%
IIb/IIIa antagonist platelet aggregation
Activase t-PA intravenous catheter clearance Preparing for 1999 90%
Phase III
Anti-CD11a antibody (hull24) psoriasis Preparing for 2003 50%
Phase III
Herceptin antibody adjuvant therapy for breast cancer Preparing for 2007 45%
Phase III
Thrombopoietin (TPO) thrombocytopenia related to cancer Preparing for 2002 55%
treatment Phase III
Anti-CD18 antibody acute myocardial infarction Phase II 2004 55%
Anti-VEGF antibody colorectal and lung cancer Phase II 2003 35-40%
Herceptin antibody other tumors Phase II 2004 40-45%
AMD Fab age-related macular degeneration Preparing for 2004 20%
Phase I
LDP-02 inflammatory bowel disease Phase Ib/IIa 2005 30%
</TABLE>
We also identified five additional product programs that were at different
stages of in-process research and development. As of June 30, 1999, the
Redemption date, we estimated that these projects would be substantially
complete in years 1999 through 2004. The percent completion for each of these
additional programs ranged from an estimated 35% to 90%. These projects did not
receive material allocations of the purchase price.
In addition, our in-process research and development at the Redemption date
included a process technology program. The process technology program included
the research and development of ideas and techniques that could improve the bulk
production of antibodies, including cell culture productivity, and streamlined
and improved recovery processes, and improvements in various areas of
pharmaceutical manufacturing. We estimated that the process technology program
was approximately 50% complete at the Redemption date.
The significant changes to the projects in the in-process research and
development charge since the Redemption date as of December 31, 1999, include:
- Nutropin Depot sustained-release growth hormone--project was
substantially completed in 1999;
- Anti-IgE antibody--project has moved from Phase III studies to preparing
FDA filing;
- Xubix (sibrafiban) oral IIb/IIIa antagonist--project has been
discontinued;
- Anti-VEGF antibody--project has moved from Phase II studies to preparing
for Phase III studies; and
- Dornase alfa AERx--project has moved to Phase IIa studies.
24
<PAGE> 28
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
-------------------------------------
AS OF DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
--------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
In millions
Cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and
long-term marketable securities........................... $1,957.4 $1,604.6 $1,286.5
Working capital............................................. 842.4 950.6 904.4
Cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities...................................... (7.4) 349.9 118.3
Investing activities...................................... (96.2) (421.1) (168.4)
Financing activities...................................... 160.2 107.9 87.3
Capital expenditures (included in investing activities
above).................................................... (95.0) (88.1) (154.9)
Current ratio............................................... 2.7 : 1 4.3 : 1 4.1 : 1
</TABLE>
Cash generated from operations, income from investments and proceeds from stock
issuances were used to pay for the cash-out of stock options related to the
Redemption in 1999, to purchase marketable securities and to make capital and
equity investments.
Capital expenditures in 1999 primarily consisted of equipment purchases and
improvements to existing manufacturing and service facilities. Capital
expenditures in 1998 included improvements to existing office and laboratory
facilities and equipment purchases. In 1997, capital expenditures primarily
included building improvements to existing manufacturing and office facilities
and production systems.
We believe that our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, together
with funds provided by operations and leasing arrangements, will be sufficient
to meet our foreseeable operating cash requirements. In addition, we believe we
could access additional funds from the debt and, under certain circumstances,
capital markets. For more information, see "Risk Factors--A Variety of Factors
Could Adversely Affect Our Cash Position."
Our long-term debt consists of $149.7 million of convertible subordinated
debentures, with interest payable at 5%, due in 2002. As a result of the
redemption of our special common stock, upon conversion, the holder receives,
for each $74 in principal amount of debenture converted, $59.25 in cash, of
which $18 will be reimbursed to us by Roche. Generally, we may redeem the
debentures until maturity.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
We are committed to aggressive research and development investment to discover
and develop new products. We currently have several products in late-stage
clinical testing and anticipate that our research and development expenses will
continue at a high percentage of revenues over the short-term. Over the
long-term, as revenues increase, research and development as a percent of
revenues is expected to decrease.
INCOME TAX PROVISION
From the redemption of our special common stock in June 1999 until Roche
completed its public offering of our common stock in October 1999, we were
included in Roche's U.S. consolidated federal income tax group and included with
Roche and/or one or more Roche subsidiaries in consolidated or combined income
tax groups for certain state and local tax jurisdictions.
Genentech and Roche have entered into a tax sharing agreement. Pursuant to this
agreement, Genentech and Roche are to make payments such that, with respect to
the period during which Genentech is a member of a Roche consolidated or
combined group, the net amount paid by us on account of consolidated or combined
income taxes (including any amounts determined to be due as a result of a
redetermination of the consolidated or combined income tax liability of a Roche
group by reason of an audit by a taxing authority) will be determined as though
we had filed separate, stand-alone federal, state and local income tax returns
as the common parent of an affiliated group of corporations filing consolidated
or combined federal, state and local returns rather than a consolidated
subsidiary of Roche. Such stand-alone tax returns will be prepared on a
25
<PAGE> 29
basis as if we were an independent taxpayer with no affiliation with Roche. For
additional discussion of the tax sharing agreement, you should read
"Relationship with Roche--Tax Sharing Agreement."
We expect our effective tax rate to increase in 1999 as a result of
non-deductible goodwill amortization and a charge for in-process research and
development and beyond 1999 for goodwill amortization.
MARKET RISK
We are exposed to market risk, including changes to interest rates, foreign
currency exchange rates and equity investment prices. To reduce the volatility
relating to these exposures, we enter into various derivative investment
transactions pursuant to our investment and risk management policies and
procedures in areas such as hedging and counterparty exposure practices. We do
not use derivatives for speculative purposes.
A discussion of our accounting policies for financial instruments and further
disclosures relating to financial instruments is included in the "Description of
Business and Significant Accounting Policies" and the "Financial Instruments"
notes in the notes to our consolidated financial statements in our annual report
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999, which is incorporated herein
by reference.
We maintain risk management control systems to monitor the risks associated with
interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and equity investment price
changes, and its derivative and financial instrument positions. The risk
management control systems use analytical techniques, including sensitivity
analysis and market values. Though we intend for our risk management control
systems to be comprehensive, there are inherent risks that may only be partially
offset by our hedging programs should there be unfavorable movements in interest
rates, foreign currency exchange rates or equity investment prices.
The estimated exposures discussed in our financial statements are intended to
measure the maximum amount we could lose from adverse market movements in
interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and equity investment prices,
given a specified confidence level, over a given period of time. Loss is defined
in the value at risk estimation as fair market value loss. The exposures to
interest rate, foreign currency exchange rate and equity investment price
changes are calculated based on proprietary modeling techniques from a Monte
Carlo simulation value at risk model using a 30-day holding period and a 95%
confidence level. The value at risk model assumes non-linear financial returns
and generates potential paths various market prices could take and tracks the
hypothetical performance of a portfolio under each scenario to approximate its
financial return. The value at risk model takes into account correlations and
diversification across market factors, including interest rates, foreign
currencies and equity prices. Market volatilities and correlations are based on
J.P. Morgan Riskmetrics(TM) dataset as of December 31, 1999.
INTEREST RATES
Our interest income is sensitive to changes in the general level of interest
rates, primarily U.S. interest rates. In this regard, changes in U.S. interest
rates affect the interest earned on our cash equivalents, short-term
investments, convertible preferred stock investments, convertible loans and
long-term investments. To mitigate the impact of fluctuations in U.S. interest
rates, we may enter into swap transactions, which involve the receipt of fixed
rate interest and the payment of floating rate interest without the exchange of
the underlying principal. By investing our cash in an amount equal to the
notional amount of the swap contract, with a maturity date equal to the maturity
date of the floating rate obligation, we hedge ourselves from any potential
earnings impact due to changes in interest rates.
Based on our overall interest rate exposure at December 31, 1999 and December
31, 1998, including derivative and other interest rate sensitive instruments, a
near-term change in interest rates, within a 95% confidence level based on
historical interest rate movements, would not materially affect the fair value
of interest rate sensitive instruments.
FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES
We receive royalty revenues from licensees selling products in countries
throughout the world. As a result, our financial results could be significantly
affected by factors such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates or weak
economic conditions in the foreign markets in which our licensed products are
sold. We are exposed to changes in exchange rates in Europe, Asia (primarily
Japan) and Canada. Our exposure to foreign exchange rates primarily exists with
the euro. When the U.S. dollar strengthens against the currencies in these
countries, the U.S. dollar value of non-U.S. dollar-based revenue decreases;
when the U.S. dollar weakens, the U.S. dollar value of the non-U.S. dollar-based
revenues increases. Accordingly, changes in
26
<PAGE> 30
exchange rates, and in particular a strengthening of the U.S. dollar, may
adversely affect our royalty revenues as expressed in U.S. dollars. In addition,
as part of its overall investment strategy, a portion of our portfolio is
primarily in non-dollar denominated investments. As a result, we are exposed to
changes in the exchange rates of the countries in which these non-dollar
denominated investments are made.
To mitigate this risk, we hedge certain of our anticipated revenues by
purchasing option contracts with expiration dates and amounts of currency that
are based on 25% to 90% of probable future revenues so that the potential
adverse impact of movements in currency exchange rates on the non-dollar
denominated revenues will be at least partly offset by an associated increase in
the value of the option. Currently, the duration of these options is generally
one to three years. We may also enter into foreign currency forward contracts to
lock in the dollar value of a portion of these anticipated revenues. The
duration of these forward contracts is generally less than one year. Also, to
hedge the non-dollar denominated investments in the portfolio, we also enter
into forward contracts.
Based on our overall currency rate exposure at December 31, 1999 and December
31, 1998, including derivative and other foreign currency sensitive instruments,
a near-term change in currency rates within a 95% confidence level based on
historical currency rate movements, would not materially affect the fair value
of foreign currency sensitive instruments.
EQUITY INVESTMENT SECURITIES
As part of our strategic alliance efforts, we invest in equity instruments of
biotechnology companies that are subject to fluctuations from market value
changes in stock prices. To mitigate this risk, certain equity securities are
hedged with costless collars. A costless collar is a purchased put option and a
written call option in which the cost of the purchased put and the proceeds of
the written call offset each other; therefore, there is no initial cost or cash
outflow for these instruments at the time of purchase. The purchased put
protects us from a decline in the market value of the security below a certain
minimum level (the put "strike" level); while the call effectively limits our
potential to benefit from an increase in the market value of the security above
a certain maximum level (the call "strike" level). In addition, as part of our
strategic alliance efforts, we hold dividend bearing convertible preferred stock
and have made interest bearing loans that are convertible into the equity
securities of the debtor.
Based on our overall exposure to fluctuations from market value changes in
marketable equity prices at December 31, 1999, a near-term change in equity
prices within a 95% confidence level based on historic volatilities could result
in a potential loss in fair value of the equity securities portfolio of $43.2
million. However, the change in 1999 has resulted in a material benefit to our
consolidated financial statements.
NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARD
In July 1999, the Financial Accounting Standards Board announced the delay of
the effective date of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("FAS") 133,
"Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities," for one year, to
the first quarter of 2001 (its effective date had been set as the first quarter
of 2000).
FAS 133 establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative
instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other
contracts, and for hedging activities. It requires companies to recognize all
derivatives as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet and measure
those instruments at fair value. Gains or losses resulting from changes in the
values of those derivatives would be accounted for, depending on the use of the
derivative and whether it qualifies for hedge accounting under FAS 133. Based on
the requirements of FAS 133, there may be changes to the balance sheet and
reported assets and liabilities. We are currently evaluating the impact of FAS
133 on our financial position and results of operations.
27
<PAGE> 31
BUSINESS
Genentech is a leading biotechnology company that uses human genetic information
to discover, develop, manufacture and market human pharmaceuticals for
significant unmet medical needs. Thirteen of the approved products of
biotechnology stem from our science. Science at Genentech focuses primarily on
two areas of medicine: cardiovascular and oncology. We also pursue projects
where there exists a significant opportunity to fill a therapeutic void in other
important areas of medicine, such as our growth hormone products.
PRODUCTS
We manufacture and market seven products directly in the United States. In
addition, we have received regulatory approval to market Nutropin Depot and we
expect to launch this product in the first half of 2000. Our products are:
- Herceptin (trastuzumab) antibody for the treatment of patients with
metastatic breast cancer whose tumors overexpress the HER2 protein and
who have received one or more chemotherapy regimens. Herceptin, in
combination with Taxol(R), is indicated for the treatment of patients
with metastatic breast cancer whose tumors overexpress the HER2 protein
and who have not received chemotherapy for their metastatic disease;
- Rituxan (rituximab) antibody for the treatment of patients with relapsed
or refractory low-grade or follicular, CD20-positive B-cell non-Hodgkin's
lymphoma, a cancer of the immune system;
- Activase (alteplase, recombinant) t-PA for the treatment of heart attack,
acute ischemic stroke within three hours of the onset of symptoms, and
acute massive pulmonary embolism;
- Protropin (somatrem for injection) for the treatment of growth hormone
deficiency in children;
- Nutropin (somatropin (rDNA origin) for injection) growth hormone for the
treatment of growth hormone deficiency in children and adults, growth
failure associated with chronic renal insufficiency prior to kidney
transplantation and short stature associated with Turner syndrome;
- Nutropin AQ (somatropin (rDNA origin)) liquid formulation growth hormone
for the same indications as Nutropin;
- Pulmozyme (dornase alfa, recombinant) inhalation solution for the
management of cystic fibrosis, in conjunction with standard therapies to
improve lung function and reduce the relative risk of respiratory tract
infections requiring parenteral antibiotics; and
- Nutropin Depot (somatropin (rDNA origin) for injectable suspension)
encapsulated sustained-release growth hormone for the treatment of
pediatric growth hormone deficiency.
We receive royalties on sales of rituximab outside of the United States
(excluding Japan), on sales of Pulmozyme and Herceptin outside of the United
States and on sales of certain products in Canada from Hoffmann-La Roche. We
receive royalties on sales of growth hormone products and t-PA outside of the
Unites States and Canada and on sales of rituximab in Japan through other
licenses. We also receive worldwide royalties on seven additional licensed
products that are marketed by other companies. Six of these products originated
from our technology.
Herceptin
In September 1998, we received FDA approval to market Herceptin in the United
States for use as first line therapy in combination with Taxol and as a single
agent in second and third line therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer
who have tumors that overexpress the HER2 protein.
Herceptin is the first humanized monoclonal antibody for the treatment of HER2
overexpressing metastatic breast cancer and the second U.S. approval in this new
class of monoclonal antibody biotherapeutic cancer drugs. The first was Rituxan,
which was approved in November 1997. We have granted Hoffmann-La Roche exclusive
marketing rights to Herceptin outside of the United States.
In September 1999, Hoffmann-La Roche announced it had obtained authorization to
sell Herceptin in Switzerland as a treatment for breast cancer. This is the
product's first European approval and comes shortly after authorization of the
product in Canada for treatment of metastatic or advanced breast cancer, alone,
and in combination with Taxol (paxlitaxel), a product
28
<PAGE> 32
made by Bristol Myers Squibb. Recent clinical data indicates that Herceptin
combined with chemotherapy, including Taxol, improves survival by 25% over
chemotherapy alone in women with metastatic breast cancers that over express the
HER2 proteins.
Rituxan
Rituxan is marketed in the United States for the treatment of relapsed or
refractory low-grade or follicular, CD20-positive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,
a cancer of the immune system. Rituxan was co-developed with IDEC, from whom we
license Rituxan. In November 1997, Rituxan was cleared for marketing in the
United States by the FDA. Rituxan was the first monoclonal antibody approved in
the United States to treat cancer. We are jointly promoting Rituxan with IDEC in
the United States and until recently, we shared responsibility with IDEC for
manufacturing the product. By the end of the end of the third quarter of 1999,
IDEC transferred all bulk manufacturing responsibilities for rituximab to us.
Hoffmann-La Roche is responsible for marketing MabThera (rituximab) in the rest
of the world, excluding Japan.
In 1999, we and IDEC, in consultation with the FDA, updated the warning section
of the package insert for Rituxan to include information on infusion-related
reactions and cardiovascular events. IDEC filed a supplemental BLA in October
1999 relating to use of Rituxan in expanded dosing for the treatment of B-cell
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, including retreatment, dosing with eight infusions and
for the treatment of patients with bulky disease.
Activase
Tissue plasminogen activator, or t-PA, is an enzyme that is produced naturally
by the body to dissolve blood clots. However, when a blood clot obstructs blood
flow in the coronary artery and causes a heart attack, the body is unable to
produce enough t-PA to dissolve the clot rapidly enough to prevent damage to the
heart. We produce Activase, a recombinant form of t-PA, in sufficient quantity
for therapeutic use. The FDA approved Activase for marketing in the United
States in 1987 for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (heart attack);
in 1990 for use in the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism (blood clots in the
lungs); and in June 1996 for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke or brain
attack (blood clots in the brain) within three hours of symptom onset.
In exchange for royalty payments, we have licensed marketing rights to a
recombinant t-PA in Japan to Kyowa Hakko Kogyo, Ltd., or Kyowa, and Mitsubishi
Kasei Corporation, or Mitsubishi. Kyowa and Mitsubishi are marketing forms of a
recombinant t-PA under the trademarks Activacin(R) and GRTPA(R), respectively.
In a number of countries outside of the United States, Canada and Japan, we have
licensed t-PA marketing and manufacturing rights to Boehringer Ingelheim. We
have also licensed certain rights to Boehringer Ingelheim regarding future sales
of a second generation t-PA, TNKase. On July 30, 1999, we made U.S. regulatory
filings seeking marketing approval for TNKase, and we are currently awaiting
regulatory clearance. Boehringer Ingelheim, which markets a recombinant t-PA
under the trademark Actilyse(R), filed a marketing application for TNKase with
European regulatory authorities in September 1999.
Protropin
Human growth hormone is a naturally occurring human protein produced in the
pituitary gland that regulates metabolism and is responsible for growth in
children. We developed a recombinant growth hormone product, Protropin, that was
approved by the FDA in 1985 for marketing in the United States for the treatment
of growth hormone inadequacy in children.
In exchange for royalty payments, we licensed rights to recombinant growth
hormone outside the United States and Canada to Pharmacia & Upjohn, which
manufactures and markets recombinant growth hormone under the trademarks
Somatonorm(TM) and Genotropin(TM). Under the terms of the agreement with
Pharmacia & Upjohn, commencing in late 1995, we have the right to sell growth
hormone in most European countries and Japan and Pharmacia & Upjohn has the
right to sell its own growth hormone in the United States and Canada.
Nutropin
Nutropin is a human growth hormone similar to Protropin; however, it does not
have the additional N-terminal amino acid, methionine, found in the Protropin
chemical structure. Nutropin was approved in November 1993 and launched in
January 1994 for marketing in the United States for the treatment of growth
failure in children associated with chronic renal insufficiency up to the time
of renal transplantation. Chronic renal insufficiency causes irreversible damage
to the kidneys and
29
<PAGE> 33
a variety of other medical problems. The condition affects an estimated 3,000
children in the United States. Nutropin has been designated as a U.S. Orphan
Drug for treatment of growth failure in children with chronic renal
insufficiency. This status will terminate in November 2000. Nutropin was
approved by the FDA in March 1994 for marketing for the treatment of growth
hormone inadequacy in children. In December 1996, the FDA approved Nutropin for
the treatment of short stature associated with Turner syndrome. In December
1997, we received FDA approval to market Nutropin for the treatment of growth
hormone deficiency in adults.
Nutropin AQ
In December 1995, we received regulatory approval to market Nutropin AQ, a
liquid formulation of Nutropin, aimed at providing improved convenience in
administration. Nutropin AQ is the first and only liquid (aqueous) recombinant
human growth hormone product available in the United States. Nutropin AQ was
approved for the treatment of growth hormone inadequacy in children, growth
hormone failure in children associated with chronic renal insufficiency to the
time of renal transplantation and short stature associated with Turner syndrome.
In December 1997, we received FDA approval to market Nutropin AQ for the
treatment of growth hormone deficiency in adults.
Nutropin Depot
In December 1999, we received regulatory approval to market Nutropin Depot
(somatropin (rDNA origin) for injectable suspension), the first long-acting
dosage form of recombinant growth hormone. We expect to launch this product
during the first half of 2000. Nutropin Depot is a long-acting form of our
recombinant human growth hormone using ProLease(R), an injectable
extended-release drug delivery system, which was developed by our partner
Alkermes Controlled Therapeutics, Inc., or Alkermes. This new formulation was
designed to reduce the frequency of injections by encapsulating the drug in
biodegradable microspheres.
During the first quarter of 1999, we entered into an agreement with Schwarz
Pharma AG for the development and distribution of Nutropin AQ and Nutropin Depot
for the treatment of certain pediatric and adult growth disorders in Europe and
certain other countries outside of the United States, Canada and Japan. With our
partner Alkermes, we have agreed to manufacture these products for sale by
Schwarz Pharma. Schwarz Pharma filed for European marketing approval of Nutropin
Depot on February 17, 2000. The agreement also entitles us to receive additional
benchmark payments upon Schwarz Pharma's achievement of certain product
development milestones. As part of our strategic alliance formed with Sumitomo
Pharmaceutical, Inc., or Sumitomo, in December 1997, we have agreed to provide
Sumitomo exclusive rights to develop, import and distribute Nutropin AQ and
Nutropin Depot in Japan.
Pulmozyme
Pulmozyme is marketed in the United States for the management of cystic
fibrosis, for which it has U.S. Orphan Drug designation. This status will
terminate in December 2000. It was first approved for use in 1993. In November
1996, Pulmozyme was cleared for marketing by the FDA for the management of
cystic fibrosis patients with advanced disease. In February 1998, we received
approval from the FDA for a label extension that includes the safety and
alternative administration of Pulmozyme in children with cystic fibrosis under
the age of five, adding to the product's previous approvals for patients five
years of age and older.
Actimmune
Actimmune interferon gamma-lb is approved in the United States for the treatment
of chronic granulomatous disease, a rare, inherited disorder of the immune
system that affects an estimated 250 to 400 Americans. During the quarter ended
June 30, 1998, we licensed U.S. marketing and development rights to interferon
gamma, including Actimmune, to Connetics Corporation in return for a royalty on
net sales. Thereafter, Connetics sublicensed all of its rights to InterMune
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or InterMune. After a transition period, as of January
1999, we no longer sell Actimmune. We have agreed to supply bulk materials to
InterMune at cost plus a mark-up. In February 2000, the FDA approved Actimmune
as a treatment to delay the time to disease progression in patients with severe,
malignant osteopetrosis. We receive royalty payments from Boehringer Ingelheim
from the sale of interferon gamma in certain countries outside of the United
States, Canada, Japan and The People's Republic of China.
30
<PAGE> 34
LICENSED PRODUCTS
In addition to the royalties mentioned above, Genentech also receives royalties
on the following products:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRODUCT TRADEMARK COMPANY
------- --------- -------
<S> <C> <C>
Human growth hormone Humatrope Eli Lilly and Company
Recombinant interferon alpha Roferon-A Hoffmann-La Roche
Hepatitis B vaccine Recombivax Merck and Company, Inc.
Hepatitis B vaccine Engerix-B SmithKline Beecham Biologicals S.A.
Factor VIII Kogenate Bayer Corporation
Bovine growth hormone Posilac Monsanto Company
Interferon gamma-1b Actimmune InterMune Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Soluble TNF receptor Enbrel Immunex Corporation
</TABLE>
PRODUCTS IN DEVELOPMENT
A number of other products are in various stages of research and development.
Our product development efforts cover a wide range of medical conditions,
including cancer, respiratory disorders, cardiovascular diseases, endocrine
disorders and inflammatory and immune problems.
Below is a summary of products in clinical development:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
------- -----------
<S> <C>
Awaiting Regulatory Approval
TNKase second generation t-PA A second generation t-PA that is a selectively mutated
version of a wild-type t-PA. This t-PA version may be faster
acting and easier to administer, and may restore blood flow
faster. On July 30, 1999, we made U.S. regulatory filings
seeking marketing approval for TNKase. These filings were
accepted by the FDA and we are currently awaiting regulatory
clearance. This product is being developed in collaboration
with Boehringer Ingelheim, which filed a marketing
application with European regulatory authorities in
September 1999.
Preparing Regulatory Filings
Anti-IgE (rhuMab E25) antibody An anti-IgE monoclonal antibody designed to interfere early
in the process that leads to symptoms of allergic asthma and
seasonal allergic rhinitis. This product is being developed
in collaboration with Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation,
or Novartis, and Tanox, Inc. Phase III clinical trials have
been completed in patients with allergic asthma and in
patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Phase III
Anti-CD11a (hull24) antibody An antibody designed to block certain immune cells as a
potential treatment for moderate to severe psoriasis. We are
currently conducting a Phase III trial in psoriasis. We are
developing this product in collaboration with Xoma
Corporation.
Activase t-PA A protein that is an approved treatment for heart attack,
acute ischemic stroke within three hours of symptom onset
and acute massive pulmonary embolism. We are conducting
Phase III trials of this product for intravenous catheter
clearance.
Pulmozyme inhalation solution A recombinant human protein that is an approved treatment
for the management of cystic fibrosis. We are conducting a
trial to determine the effect of Pulmozyme on pulmonary
function in patients with early-stage cystic fibrosis.
</TABLE>
31
<PAGE> 35
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
------- -----------
<S> <C>
Rituxan antibody A monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of relapsed
or refractory low-grade or follicular, CD20-positive B-cell
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a cancer of the immune system. We
are in Phase III clinical trials for the treatment of
intermediate- and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. This
product is being developed in collaboration with IDEC. The
FDA has indicated its acceptance of our proposed plan for
Phase III trials.
Tezosentan An endothelin receptor antagonist that is being developed
for the potential treatment of acute heart failure. The
development effort is being led by our partner Actelion,
which licensed tezosentan from Hoffmann-La Roche in 1998.
Thrombopoietin (TPO) A protein that is being studied for treatment of
thrombocytopenia, a reduction in clot-inducing platelets, in
cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. This molecule has
been exclusively licensed to Pharmacia & Upjohn.
Preparing for Phase III trials
Anti-VEGF antibody An antibody developed to inhibit angiogenesis (the formation
of new blood vessels) as a potential treatment for several
types of solid-tumor cancers. We are currently preparing for
Phase III trials in patients with colorectal cancer and
non-small cell lung cancer. Phase II trials are ongoing in
patients with breast cancer and renal cell carcinoma. In
pre-clinical studies, the anti-VEGF antibody resulted in
decreased vascularization and a decline in growth and
metastasis of a variety of solid tumors.
Herceptin antibody An antibody that is an approved treatment for metastatic
breast cancer. In collaboration with Hoffmann-La Roche and
U.S. national cooperative groups, we are preparing for Phase
III trials for adjuvant treatment of early-stage breast
cancer in patients who overexpress the HER2 protein.
Phase II
Anti-CD18 antibody An antibody designed to block certain immune cells that may
impact blood flow. We are conducting Phase II clinical
trials aimed at increasing blood flow in patients with acute
myocardial infarction.
Herceptin antibody An antibody that is an approved treatment for metastatic
breast cancer. Herceptin will also be evaluated for broader
application in other tumor types in which the HER2 protein
is overexpressed. We are planning to conduct Phase II
studies alone or in collaboration with Hoffmann-La Roche,
the National Cancer Institute or other clinical research
groups.
Dornase alfa inhalation solution A recombinant human protein used for the management of
with Aradigm's delivery system cystic fibrosis. Aradigm Corporation filed an IND. in
December, 1999 and recently began a Phase IIa clinical trial
of dornase alfa delivery via Aradigm's AERx(TM) delivery
system.
LDP-02 antibody A monoclonal antibody for the treatment of inflammatory
bowel diseases. This product is licensed from and being
developed in collaboration with Millennium Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., or Millennium. Millennium recently began a Phase II
clinical trial in patients with Crohn's disease. Phase II
trials are being planned for patients with ulcerative
colitis.
INS365 A second generation P2Y2 agonist, for the potential
treatment of patients with chronic bronchitis. We are
currently initiating a Phase IIa study in collaboration with
Inspire.
TNKase second generation t-PA A second generation t-PA that is a selectively mutated
version of wild-type t-PA. TNKase is being studied in
combination with Integrilin(R) antiplatelet agent in
patients with acute myocardial infarction through a
collaboration among Genentech, COR Therapeutics, Inc. and
Schering-Plough Corporation. COR Therapeutics and Schering-
Plough are worldwide partners for Integrilin, and the two
companies market and sell the drug in the United States.
Schering-Plough also markets Integrilin in Europe, and COR
Therapeutics has the right to co-promote Integrilin in
Europe at a later date.
</TABLE>
32
<PAGE> 36
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
------- -----------
<S> <C>
Phase I
AMD Fab A customized fragment of an anti-VEGF antibody for the
potential treatment of age-related macular degeneration, or
AMD. In this condition, excessive blood vessel growth in the
retina of the eye can lead to blindness. On October 6, 1999,
we filed an IND for AMD Fab, and we are currently conducting
Phase I clinical trials.
Preparing for Phase I trials
APO2 Ligand/TRAIL A protein, also known as tumor necrosis factor-related
apoptosis-inducing ligand, for the potential treatment of
cancer. We are currently preparing for Phase I clinical
trials for this product, which we are developing in
collaboration with Immunex Corporation.
Anti-CD11a (hu1124) antibody An antibody designed to block certain immune cell function
to prevent solid organ transplant rejection. Our
collaborator, Xoma, has filed an IND for this indication and
is preparing to initiate Phase I clinical trials for this
product.
</TABLE>
In conjunction with our amended and restated licensing agreement with
Hoffmann-LaRoche in July 1999, Hoffmann-LaRoche was granted an option until at
least 2015 for licenses to use and sell certain of our products in non-U.S.
markets. See "--Licensing Agreements with F. Hoffmann-LaRoche Ltd." below.
In general, with respect to our products, Hoffmann-La Roche pays us a royalty on
aggregate sales outside of the United States. Hoffmann-La Roche has rights to,
and pays us royalties for, Canadian sales of Activase, Protropin, Nutropin,
Nutropin AQ, Pulmozyme, Actimmune and Rituxan, sales of rituximab outside of the
United States, excluding Japan, and sales of Pulmozyme and Herceptin outside of
the United States. We supply these products to Hoffmann-La Roche, and have
agreed to supply the products for which Hoffmann-La Roche has exercised its
option, for sales outside of the United States.
In addition to the products described above, we are working on additional
products and new indications for currently marketed products. Also, we retain
certain rights to gp120, a recombinant form of the gp120 envelope glycoprotein
of human immunodeficiency virus, which may serve as the basis for the
development of a prophylactic HIV/AIDS vaccine. Under a license agreement
entered into with VaxGen, Inc., we are responsible for supplying specified
amounts of clinical quantities of gp120 and we have an option to supply
additional clinical supplies. VaxGen is responsible for conducting all clinical
trials necessary for worldwide product approvals. Currently, VaxGen is
conducting Phase III trials with gp120. We have separate options for worldwide
marketing rights and commercial supply of gp120 in the event that gp120 is
approved as an AIDS vaccine.
In May 1999, we entered into a license and collaboration agreement with Aradigm
Corporation to develop an advanced pulmonary delivery system for our Pulmozyme
product in the United States. As part of the agreement, we agreed to provide
Aradigm a loan of up to $10.4 million for development costs. As of December 31,
1999, Aradigm's outstanding loan was $2.3 million.
In November 1997, we entered into a research collaboration agreement with
CuraGen Corporation, whereby we made a $5.0 million equity investment in Curagen
and agreed to provide a convertible equity loan to CuraGen of up to $26.0
million. In October 1999, CuraGen exercised its right to borrow $16.0 million.
Simultaneously, with this draw down, CuraGen repaid the loan by issuing 977,636
shares of CuraGen stock valued at $16.37 per share at such issuance, or an
aggregate of $16.0 million. At December 31, 1999, there were no outstanding
loans to CuraGen.
In December 1997, we entered into a collaboration agreement with Alteon Inc. to
develop and market pimagedine, an advanced glycosylation end-product formation
inhibitor to treat kidney disease in diabetic patients, and invested $37.5
million in Alteon stock. In 1998, as a result of the decline in Alteon's stock
value and the unsuccessful clinical trials with pimagedine, we wrote down $24.2
million of our investment in Alteon. In 1999, due to the continued decline of
Alteon's stock value and unsuccessful negotiations with Alteon, we wrote-off our
remaining $10.8 million investment in Alteon.
In December 1997, we entered into a collaborative agreement with Millennium to
develop and commercialize Millennium's LDP-02, a humanized monoclonal antibody
for the potential treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Under the terms of
the agreement, we made a $4.0 million equity investment in Millennium and have
agreed to provide a convertible equity loan for approximately $15.0 million to
fund Phase II development costs. Upon successful completion of Phase II, if
Millennium agrees to fund 25% of Phase III development costs, we have agreed to
provide a second loan to Millennium for such funding. As of December 31, 1999,
there were no outstanding loans to Millennium.
33
<PAGE> 37
In May 1999, we entered into a license agreement with Immunex whereby we granted
to Immunex a worldwide, co-exclusive license under our immunoadhesin patents to
make, use and sell Enbrel, Immunex's product to treat moderately to severely
active rheumatoid arthritis. Immunex paid us an initial license fee and has
agreed to pay royalties on sales of Enbrel from November 6, 1998, which was the
date of product launch, through the life of our patents.
On August 6, 1999, Hoffmann-La Roche announced that the preliminary results from
its Phase III trial of Xubix had not shown that Xubix was better than aspirin in
preventing recurrent ischemic events in patients suffering from acute coronary
syndrome. Hoffmann-La Roche has terminated its development of Xubix based on
these unsuccessful results.
DISTRIBUTION
We have a U.S.-based pharmaceutical marketing, sales and distribution
organization. Our sales efforts are focused on specialist physicians based at
major medical centers in the United States. In general, our products are sold to
distributors or directly to hospital pharmacies or medical centers. We utilize
common pharmaceutical company marketing techniques, including advertisements,
professional symposia, direct mail, public relations and other methods.
Our products are available at no charge to qualified patients under our
uninsured patient programs in the United States. We have established the
Genentech Endowment for Cystic Fibrosis so qualified cystic fibrosis patients in
the United States who need Pulmozyme can gain assistance in obtaining it.
During 1999, we provided certain marketing programs relating to Activase,
including comprehensive wastage replacement and expired product programs for
Activase that, subject to specific conditions, provides customers the right to
return Activase to us for replacement related to both patient-related product
wastage and product expiration. We maintain the right to renew, modify or
discontinue the above programs.
Hoffmann-La Roche contributed approximately 7% of our total revenues in 1999,
11% in 1998 and 11% in 1997. Three other major customers, Caremark, Inc., Bergen
Brunswig and Cardinal Distribution, Inc., each contributed 10% or more of our
total revenues in at least one of the last three years. Caremark, a national
distributor, did not contribute over 10% of our total revenues in 1999, although
it accounted for 10% in 1998 and 14% in 1997 of our total revenues. Caremark
primarily distributes our growth hormone products through its extensive branch
network and is then reimbursed through a variety of sources. Bergen Brunswig, a
national wholesale distributor of all of our products, contributed 14% in 1999,
11% in 1998 and 10% in 1997 of our total revenues. Cardinal Distribution, Inc.,
a national wholesale distributor of all our products, contributed 13% in 1999
and 11% in 1998 of our total revenues but it did not contribute over 10% of
total revenues in 1997.
LICENSING AGREEMENTS WITH F. HOFFMANN-LA ROCHE LTD
We currently have two major licensing agreements with Hoffmann-La Roche.
Herceptin Licensing Agreement
On July 6, 1998, we entered into an agreement with Hoffmann-La Roche to provide
Hoffmann-La Roche exclusive marketing rights outside of the United States for
Herceptin. Under the agreement, Hoffmann-La Roche paid $40.0 million to us and
has agreed to pay cash milestones tied to future product development activities,
to contribute equally with us up to a maximum of $40.0 million on global
development costs and to make royalty payments of 20% on aggregate net product
sales outside the United States up to $500 million in each calendar year and
22.5% on such sales in excess of $500 million in each calendar year.
Amended and Restated Licensing Agreement
Summary of Key Changes: Under an agreement dated October 25, 1995, we granted to
Hoffmann-La Roche an option for ten years for licenses to use and sell some of
our products in non-U.S. markets. In July 1999, we amended this licensing
agreement with Hoffmann-La Roche by extending until at least 2015 Hoffmann-La
Roche's option to license to use and sell products in non-U.S. markets. Other
key changes to the license agreement are summarized as follows:
- Hoffmann-La Roche may choose to exercise its option at the end of a Phase
III trial, if it pays a $10 million fee to us to extend its option on the
product;
34
<PAGE> 38
- if Hoffmann-La Roche exercises its option after the completion of a Phase
III trial, Hoffmann-La Roche will reimburse us for 75% of our development
costs incurred after the completion of the Phase II trial through the
completion of the Phase III trial, and 50% of our development costs
incurred before completion of the Phase II trial. Subsequent development
costs for other indications will be shared 75%/25% by Hoffmann-La Roche
and Genentech;
- on each Genentech Product for which Hoffmann-La Roche exercises its
option after completion of the Phase III trials, we will receive a
royalty of 15% on all sales until the later in each country of the
expiration of our relevant patent or 25 years from the first commercial
introduction; however, $5 million of any option extension fee paid by
Hoffmann-La Roche shall be credited against royalties payable to us in
the first calendar year of sales by Hoffmann-La Roche in which aggregate
sales of that product exceeds $100 million;
- Hoffmann-La Roche will have the right to manufacture our products itself
if it can demonstrate that it is able to manufacture products at a lower
price than our supply price, if we are not able to supply Hoffmann-La
Roche's commercial requirements or if we intend to have a third party
manufacture the product;
- Hoffmann-La Roche will have the right to terminate a license for a
product upon 30 days notice;
- if Hoffmann-La Roche terminates its license based on a good faith
determination, after consultation with appropriate regulatory authorities
in the relevant country, that the product cannot be approved for sale in
one or more major European countries because of safety issues,
Hoffmann-La Roche will be liable for all obligations incurred primarily
to support registration outside the United States of that product for up
to six months after the termination is given; and
- if Hoffmann-La Roche terminates its license for other than safety
reasons, Hoffmann-La Roche shall be liable for all of its obligations
regarding the product for up to twelve months after the notice of
termination.
General: Pursuant to our amended and restated licensing agreement with
Hoffmann-La Roche, we have agreed to grant to Hoffmann-La Roche an exclusive
patent, know-how and trademark license to use, sell and, under certain
conditions, make in Canada (collectively, the "Canada Products"):
- Activase tissue plasminogen activator;
- Protropin and Nutropin human growth hormone;
- Actimmune interferon gamma-1b; and
- Pulmozyme inhalation solution.
We have also agreed to grant to Hoffmann-La Roche an exclusive patent, know-how
and trademark license to use, sell and, under certain conditions, make Pulmozyme
outside the United States (the "Roche Territory").
Except as noted below with respect to certain "in-licensed" products, the
licensing agreement provides that we will grant to Hoffmann-La Roche an option
for an exclusive patent, know-how and trademark license in the Roche Territory
on a product-by-product basis to use, sell and, under certain circumstances,
make other products for which we have rights or for which we have subsequently
acquired rights ("Genentech Products"). We granted to Hoffmann-La Roche an
option for an exclusive patent and know-how license outside the United States to
use, sell and, under certain conditions, make products in-licensed from IDEC
(such products being referred to as "IDEC Product"). Hoffmann-La Roche exercised
its option with regard to Rituxan. In Canada, Hoffmann-La Roche's rights with
respect to IDEC Product are subject to our preexisting co-promotion obligation
for this product. Subject to the terms and conditions of any relevant license
agreements and Hoffmann-La Roche's acceptance of those terms and conditions, we
will grant to Hoffmann-La Roche an option for an exclusive patent and know-how
license in the Roche Territory on a product-by-product basis to use, sell and,
under certain circumstances, make other human pharmaceutical products for which
we have acquired rights in the Roche Territory by means of a patent and/or
know-how license from a third party ("In-Licensed Product").
Hoffmann-La Roche may exercise its option to license our products upon the
occurrence of any of the following:
- our decision to file an IND with the FDA for a product;
- at completion of a Phase II trial for a product with results sufficient
to support the undertaking of a Phase III trial; or
- if Hoffmann-La Roche paid a fee of $10 million at completion of the Phase
II trial to extend its option for that product, at completion of a Phase
III trial for that product with results sufficient to support the filing
of a BLA or NDA.
35
<PAGE> 39
We must notify Hoffmann-La Roche and supply to Hoffmann-La Roche a reasonable
summary of available information regarding a product, including data from any
Phase II or Phase III trials, upon each of these events. Hoffmann-La Roche then
has 60 days to exercise its option. Within 30 days of this notification, the
joint commercialization committee described below must meet to review the
results of any Phase II or Phase III trials and other relevant data. Within 60
days of this notification and receipt by Hoffmann-La Roche of the information
regarding the product, Hoffmann-La Roche must either exercise its option for the
product or irrevocably waive it for that particular option period. If
Hoffmann-La Roche waives its option, we are permitted to develop and sell the
product ourselves or with another party. Prior to our decision to file an IND
exemption application with the FDA for a product, we retain authority to
discontinue sole development of that product and, subject to the provisions of
our affiliation agreement with Roche, to license that product to a third party.
See "Relationship with Roche--Arrangements between Genentech and
Roche--Licensing and Marketing Arrangements" below.
The options granted in the licensing agreement terminate on October 25, 2015,
except for the following:
- if Hoffmann-La Roche has paid to extend its option on a product,
Hoffmann-La Roche will retain an option on that product upon completion
of Phase III trials;
- for a product for which we have decided to file an IND with the FDA but
which has not yet reached completion of Phase II trials, Hoffmann-La
Roche may exercise its option upon completion of Phase II trials; and
- for a product for which a 60-day option exercise period had begun,
Hoffmann-La Roche may exercise its option up until the end of that 60-day
period.
We have the sole right outside the Roche Territory, and Hoffmann-La Roche has
the sole right in the Roche Territory, to register, use, sell and market such
products arising from our current collaborations with Hoffmann-La Roche on
IIb/IIIa antagonists, other than Xubix, and ras farnesyltransferase inhibitors.
All research efforts on these products will continue to be shared in an equal
manner; no royalties on sales shall be due from either party to the other. The
costs for development of certain products will be shared as described below
under "--Development and Marketing."
The licensing agreement grants us an option to participate and share in the
development and commercialization of Xubix within 30 days after approval of an
NDA by the FDA. If exercised, we would reimburse Hoffmann-La Roche for 50% of
its development costs (including Phase III development costs) incurred by
Hoffmann-La Roche from and after May 1, 1997 through the date we exercised our
option and for Phase III development costs incurred prior to May 1, 1997 and
would pay an additional $25 million. If we exercise our option, we and
Hoffmann-La Roche will negotiate and enter into a more detailed
commercialization and development agreement. We would have co-exclusive rights
with Hoffmann-La Roche in the United States to register, use, sell and market
the products resulting from our collaboration on Xubix. Hoffmann-La Roche has
terminated its development of Xubix based on unsuccessful results of a Phase III
trial.
Commercialization Committees: To manage our collaborations with Hoffmann-La
Roche, the licensing agreement provides for the establishment of four
committees: a joint commercialization committee to provide a forum for the
exchange of information about Genentech Products; a development committee to
coordinate development efforts between us and Hoffmann-La Roche; a management
committee to review annually the development and commercialization of all
products covered by the licensing agreement; and a joint finance committee to
discuss financial activities relating to the licensing agreement. We and
Hoffmann-La Roche have reviewed the committee structure and intend to implement
a simplified committee system.
Development and Marketing: Under the licensing agreement, we will have sole
responsibility and full autonomy for the development and marketing of our
products outside the Roche Territory, and also in the Roche Territory with
respect to products for which Hoffmann-La Roche does not exercise its option for
a license. Hoffmann-La Roche will have sole responsibility for the development
and marketing of products in the Roche Territory for which it has been granted a
license or exercised its option for a license.
Under the licensing agreement, Hoffmann-La Roche will, in general, reimburse us
for 50% of our development costs, depending on the payment mechanism described
below, incurred in connection with a product for which Hoffmann-La Roche has
exercised its option for a license except that if Hoffmann-La Roche exercises
its option to license a new product after receiving notice of the completion of
a Phase III trial for that product, Hoffmann-La Roche will reimburse us for 75%
of our development costs incurred between the time we gave notice of completion
of Phase II trials and the exercise of its option, in addition to reimbursing us
for 50% of our development costs incurred prior to notice of completion of Phase
II trials. However,
36
<PAGE> 40
$5 million of any option extension fee paid by Hoffmann-La Roche will be
credited against our development costs to be reimbursed by Hoffmann-La Roche for
that product.
The mechanism for reimbursement of our development costs incurred up to the date
of Hoffmann-La Roche's exercise of its option for a product shall be, at our
election and with Hoffmann-La Roche's consent, either of the following:
- upon Hoffmann-La Roche's exercise of its option by payment in full of the
appropriate percentage of the previously incurred development costs for
that product or
- by quarterly payments equal to 150% of prospective development costs for
that product until the appropriate percentage of all previously incurred
development costs for that product have been reimbursed.
If the option was exercised prior to completion of the product's Phase II
trials, 50% of the global development costs incurred after Hoffmann-La Roche's
exercise of its option shall be reimbursed by Hoffmann-La Roche on an ongoing
basis. If the option was exercised after completion of the product's Phase II
trials, 75% of the global development costs incurred after Hoffmann-La Roche's
exercise of its option shall be reimbursed by Hoffmann-La Roche on an ongoing
basis.
Once Hoffmann-La Roche has exercised an option to license a product, we will
share the subsequent global development costs of that product equally, except as
follows:
- Hoffmann-La Roche will bear 10% of the global development costs incurred
in connection with Canada Products on or after the date on which
Hoffmann-La Roche exercises its option for a license on the product;
- Hoffmann-La Roche will bear 60% of the global development costs incurred
in connection with IGF-1 products for any diabetes indication on or after
the date on which Hoffmann-La Roche exercises its option for a license on
the product;
- Hoffmann-La Roche will bear 60% of the global development costs incurred
in connection with any NGF products on or after the date on which
Hoffmann-La Roche exercises its option for a license on the product;
- for any additional indications, new formulations or new dosing schedules
of a product, we and Hoffmann-La Roche will share equally the subsequent
global development costs, unless Hoffmann-La Roche exercised its option
after completion of the Phase III trials, in which case Hoffmann-La Roche
will bear 75% and we will bear 25% of the subsequent global development
costs; and
- if Hoffmann-La Roche exercises its option after completion of the Phase
III trials, each company will bear its own subsequent global development
costs for clinical development and registration for the indication that
is the subject of these Phase III trials.
Production and Supply: Pursuant to the licensing agreement, we or our
subsidiaries, as applicable, will manufacture and supply to Hoffmann-La Roche
its clinical requirements of Genentech Products at cost and its commercial
requirements at cost plus a margin of 20% on such cost. If Hoffmann-La Roche
exercises its option with respect to any synthetic molecules other than proteins
and peptides ("Small Molecule Products"), Hoffmann-La Roche will manufacture and
supply to us clinical requirements of Small Molecule Products at cost and
commercial requirements at cost plus a margin of 20% on such cost. In-Licensed
Products will be manufactured and supplied to Hoffmann-La Roche, whether by us,
the licensor or a third party, in a manner consistent with the license agreement
for that product. Hoffmann-La Roche will bear the same percentage of costs
associated with developing a manufacturing process for products licensed by
Hoffmann-La Roche as Hoffmann-La Roche is required to bear with respect to the
development of the product. We will pay that proportion of Hoffmann-La Roche's
costs associated with developing a manufacturing process for a Small Molecule
Product licensed by Hoffmann-La Roche that Genentech's expected revenues for
sales of that product in the United States bears to expected worldwide sales of
that product.
Hoffmann-La Roche will have the right to manufacture Genentech Products itself,
in bulk form or in vial form, under any of the following circumstances:
- if Hoffmann-La Roche can demonstrate that it is able to manufacture
products in either of these forms at a lower price than our supply price;
- if we are not able to, or it is foreseeable that we will not be in a
position to, supply Hoffmann-La Roche's commercial requirements in the
Roche Territory; or
- if we intend to have a third party manufacture a product in these forms.
37
<PAGE> 41
Under any of these circumstances, at Hoffmann-La Roche's request, we will
provide Hoffmann-La Roche with all information and any support, at Hoffmann-La
Roche's expense, needed to enable Hoffmann-La Roche to manufacture a product in
these forms for use and sale in the Roche Territory, and we shall grant
Hoffmann-La Roche any necessary licenses to do so.
Royalties and Other Payments: We will receive the following royalties on
product sales from Hoffmann-La Roche:
- on Pulmozyme, (x) a royalty of 20% on sales in countries that are or will
become members of the European Union or the European Free Trade
Association and in Canada and (y) in all other countries which are part
of the Roche Territory, a royalty of 12.5% on the first $100 million in
aggregate sales and thereafter a royalty of 15% on aggregate sales in
excess of $100 million until the later in each country of the expiration
of our last relevant patent or 25 years from first commercial
introduction;
- on Canada Products, a royalty of 20% on sales of each such product until
the later of the expiration of our relevant patent in Canada or 25 years
from October 25, 1995 (with respect to Activase, Hoffmann-La Roche will
pay an additional 10% royalty on sales in each year that exceed 110% of
1994 Activase sales up to a total payment of $27 million);
- on each Genentech Product for which Hoffmann-La Roche exercises its
option upon either a decision to file an IND with the FDA or completion
of the Phase II trials, a royalty of 12.5% on the first $100 million in
aggregate sales and thereafter a royalty of 15% on aggregate sales in
excess of $100 million until the later in each country of the expiration
of our last relevant patent or 25 years from first commercial
introduction;
- on each Genentech Product for which Hoffmann-La Roche exercises its
option after completion of the Phase III trials, a royalty of 15% on all
sales until the later in each country of the expiration of our relevant
patent or 25 years from the first commercial introduction; however, $5
million of any option extension fee paid by Hoffmann-La Roche shall be
credited against royalties payable to us in the first calendar year of
sales by Hoffmann-La Roche in which aggregate sales of that product
exceeds $100 million;
- on IDEC Product, a royalty of 20% on sales for so long as we are paying
royalties to IDEC on sales of IDEC Product and thereafter a royalty of
10% for aggregate annual sales of $75 million or less and 8% for
aggregate annual sales in excess of $75 million until the later in each
country of the expiration of our last relevant patent or 25 years from
first commercial introduction;
- on In-Licensed Products, a mutually agreeable royalty to be negotiated
for each such product; and
- on the expiration of any of the foregoing royalties, on a product for
which Hoffmann-La Roche continues to use our trademark, a royalty of 2%
on sales for so long as the trademark is used.
With respect to IDEC Product, Hoffmann-La Roche paid us $10 million and
reimbursed us for 50% of some of our development costs and for certain one-time
milestone payments that we were obligated to pay upon the occurrence of such
milestones to IDEC.
Any of the foregoing royalties shall be renegotiated in good faith to make that
royalty or rate significantly more economically viable for Hoffmann-La Roche if
(i) there exists a generically equivalent product competing with the product for
which Hoffmann-La Roche pays royalties to us and (ii) the equivalent product has
at least 25% of the market share for those products in that country.
Any of the foregoing royalties are subject to reductions in the event that
Hoffmann-La Roche, together with its affiliates, hold less than 50% of our
outstanding common stock.
Term and Termination: The licensing agreement expires for any individual product
when royalties are no longer payable by Hoffmann-La Roche to us on sales of that
product unless we and Hoffmann-La Roche agree to extend the licensing agreement
for such product. Provisions for termination by Hoffmann-La Roche include the
following:
- Hoffmann-La Roche has the right to terminate a license for a product upon
thirty days notice;
- if Hoffmann-La Roche terminates its license based on a good faith
determination, after consultation with appropriate regulatory authorities
in the relevant country, that the product cannot be approved for sale in
one or more major countries that either are or become members of the
European Union or the European Free Trade Association because of
38
<PAGE> 42
safety issues, Hoffmann-La Roche shall be liable for all obligations
incurred primarily to support registration in the Roche Territory of that
product for up to six months after Hoffmann-La Roche terminates its
license;
- if Hoffmann-La Roche terminates its license for other than safety
reasons, Hoffmann-La Roche shall be liable for all of its obligations
regarding the product for up to twelve months after the termination
notice is given or if Hoffmann-La Roche terminates its license after at
least one Phase III clinical trial has been completed and the results of
that trial are unable to support the registration of that product, or the
results of other trials establish that further development would not
provide data sufficient to support registration, Hoffmann-La Roche shall
be liable for all of its obligations regarding the product for up to six
months after the termination notice is given; and
- if Hoffmann-La Roche terminates its license, all rights to the product
revert to us.
If Hoffmann-La Roche fails to use its best efforts to commercialize a product in
a country and fails to take adequate remedial measures within six months of
notice, we may
- terminate the agreement with respect to that product in that country if a
registration has not been initiated; or
- convert the exclusive license for that product in that country to a
nonexclusive one if registration has been initiated.
We may terminate our development or commercialization at any time for any
product which has been licensed to Hoffmann-La Roche, and such product will then
be subject to the provisions of our affiliation agreement with Roche described
under "Relationship with Roche--Arrangements between Genentech and
Roche--Licensing and Marketing Arrangements," provided that if such termination
is for reasons other than safety concerns, we will have an obligation for up to
two years to provide Hoffmann-La Roche's clinical and commercial supply
requirements. Either party may terminate the licensing agreement for the breach
of a material obligation of the other. We may terminate Hoffmann-La Roche's
option for a license for products if the equity ownership of Hoffmann-La Roche
and its affiliates in our company is less than 50% at any time. If we terminate
the license agreement for any product for any reason, Hoffmann-La Roche will
have a royalty-free right and license to produce and supply all of its clinical
and commercial supply requirements and we will be obligated to transfer to
Hoffmann-La Roche all manufacturing technology with respect to that product. If
Hoffmann-La Roche terminates its development or commercialization of a Small
Molecule Product at any time, we will have a royalty-free right and license to
produce and supply all of our clinical and commercial supply requirements and
Hoffmann-La Roche will be obligated to transfer to us all manufacturing
technology with respect to that product.
RAW MATERIALS
Raw materials and supplies required for the production of our principal products
are generally available in quantities adequate to meet our needs.
PROPRIETARY TECHNOLOGY -- PATENTS AND TRADE SECRETS
We seek patents on inventions arising from our ongoing research and development
activities. Patents issued or applied for cover inventions ranging from basic
recombinant DNA techniques to processes relating to specific products and to the
products themselves. We have either been granted patents or have patent
applications pending that relate to a number of current and potential products
including products licensed to others. We consider that in the aggregate our
patent applications, patents and licenses under patents owned by third-parties
are of material importance to our operations. Important legal issues remain to
be resolved as to the extent and scope of available patent protection for
biotechnology products and processes in the United States and other important
markets outside of the United States. We expect that litigation will likely be
necessary to determine the validity and scope of certain of our proprietary
rights. We are currently involved in a number of patent lawsuits, as either a
plaintiff or defendant, and administrative proceedings relating to the scope of
protection of our patents and those of others. These lawsuits and proceedings
may result in a significant commitment of our resources in the future. We cannot
assure you that the patents we obtain or the unpatented proprietary technology
we hold will afford us significant commercial protection.
In general, we have obtained licenses from various parties that we deem to be
necessary or desirable for the manufacture, use or sale of our products. These
licenses (both exclusive and non-exclusive) generally require us to pay
royalties to the parties on product sales.
Our trademarks, Actimmune, Activase, Herceptin, Nutropin, Nutropin AQ, Nutropin
Depot, Protropin, Pulmozyme, Rituxan and TNKase (licensed by Boehringer
Ingelheim), in the aggregate are considered to be of material importance, and
all are
39
<PAGE> 43
registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and in other countries, other
than Nutropin Depot and TNKase, for which applications are pending with the U.S.
Patent and Trademark Office.
Our royalty income for patent licenses, know-how and other related rights
amounted to $189.3 million in 1999, $229.6 million in 1998 and $241.1 million in
1997. Royalty expenses were $88.8 million in 1999, $66.3 million in 1998 and
$58.9 million in 1997.
COMPETITION
We face competition, and believe significant long-term competition can be
expected, from large pharmaceutical companies and pharmaceutical divisions of
chemical companies as well as biotechnology companies. This competition can be
expected to become more intense as commercial applications for biotechnology
products increase. Some competitors, primarily large pharmaceutical companies,
have greater clinical, regulatory and marketing resources and experience than we
do. Many of these companies have commercial arrangements with other companies in
the biotechnology industry to supplement their own research capabilities.
The introduction of new products or the development of new processes by
competitors or new information about existing products may result in price
reductions or product replacements, even for products protected by patents.
However, we believe our competitive position is enhanced by our commitment to
research leading to the discovery and development of new products and
manufacturing methods. Other factors that should help us meet competition
include ancillary services provided to support our products, customer service,
and dissemination of technical information to prescribers of our products and to
the health care community, including payers.
Over the longer term, our and our collaborators' ability to successfully market
current products, expand their usage and bring new products to the marketplace
will depend on many factors, including but not limited to the effectiveness and
safety of the products, FDA and foreign regulatory agencies' approvals for new
indications, the degree of patent protection afforded to particular products,
and the effect of managed care as an important purchaser of pharmaceutical
products.
Herceptin
Herceptin is the first humanized monoclonal antibody for the treatment of HER2
overexpressing metastatic breast cancer and the second United States approval in
this new class of monoclonal antibody biotherapeutic cancer drugs. The first was
Rituxan. We are aware of other potentially competitive biologic therapies in
development.
Rituxan
Rituxan received designation as a U.S. Orphan Drug by the FDA in 1994 for the
treatment of relapsed or refracting low grade or follicular, CD20-positive
B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We are aware of other potentially competitive
biologic therapies in development. Coulter is expected to file a revised BLA in
2000 for a product that would compete with our product Rituxan. We are aware of
other potentially competitive biologic therapies for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in
development.
Activase
We continue to face competition in the thrombolytic market. Activase has lost
market share and could lose additional market to Centocor Retavase; the
resulting adverse effect on sales could be material. In addition, the market for
thrombolytic therapy has declined as there is an increasing use of mechanical
reperfusion in lieu of thrombolytic therapy for the treatment of acute
myocardial infarction. In July 1999, we submitted U.S. regulatory filings
seeking marketing approval for our second generation t-PA, TNKase, to be used in
treating heart attack patients, and we are currently waiting for regulatory
clearance.
We are aware of other companies actively pursuing the development for the U.S.
market of nonrecombinant or recombinant t-PA or t-PA variants, and additional
companies or combinations of companies pursuing the development of other types
of potentially competitive thrombolytic agents.
Protropin, Nutropin, Nutropin AQ and Nutropin Depot
Lilly received FDA approval in 1987 to market its growth hormone product for
treatment of growth hormone inadequacy in children. Three other companies--BTG,
Novo Nordisk A/S and Pharmacia & Upjohn--received FDA approval in 1995 to
40
<PAGE> 44
market their growth hormone products in the United States, although BTG has been
preliminarily enjoined from selling its product in the United States. A fifth
competitor, Serono Laboratories, Inc., received FDA approval in October 1996 to
market its growth hormone product. In the first quarter of 1997, Serono, Novo
and Pharmacia & Upjohn began selling their growth hormone products in the United
States. On July 12, 1999, Novo announced the filing of an NDA for Norditropin(R)
SimpleXx(TM), a liquid form of its recombinant somatropin product, seeking
approval for the long-term treatment of children who have growth hormone failure
due to inadequate secretion of endogenous growth hormone. In addition, four of
our competitors have received approval to market their existing human growth
hormone products in the United States for additional indications.
In December 1999, we received FDA approval for Nutropin Depot, the first
long-acting dosage form of recombinant growth hormone for pediatric growth
hormone deficiency. We expect to launch the product in the first half of 2000.
We are not aware of any competing sustained release formulations of human growth
hormone in clinical development.
Pulmozyme
Sales of Pulmozyme for the management of cystic fibrosis in the United States,
Canada and some countries in Europe began in early 1994. In November 1996,
Pulmozyme was cleared for marketing by the FDA for the management of cystic
fibrosis patients with advanced disease; a condition that affects approximately
500 patients in the United States. In February 1998, we received approval from
the FDA for a label extension that includes the safety and alternative
administration of Pulmozyme in children under the age of five with cystic
fibrosis. In accordance with our then existing licensing agreement with Roche,
in the fourth quarter of 1995, Hoffmann-La Roche obtained exclusive rights to
sell Pulmozyme outside of the United States, and we receive a royalty on such
sales. We are not aware of any directly competing products in development.
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
Regulation by governmental authorities in the United States and other countries
is a significant factor in the manufacture and marketing of our products and in
ongoing research and product development activities. All of our products will
require regulatory approval by governmental agencies prior to commercialization.
In particular, our products are subject to rigorous preclinical and clinical
testing and other premarket approval requirements by the FDA and regulatory
authorities in other countries. Various statutes and regulations also govern or
influence the manufacturing, safety, labeling, storage, record keeping and
marketing of such products. The lengthy process of seeking these approvals, and
the subsequent compliance with applicable statutes and regulations, require the
expenditure of substantial resources. We believe that we are currently in
compliance with such statutes and regulations. Any failure by us to obtain, or
any delay in obtaining, regulatory approvals could materially adversely affect
our business.
The activities required before a pharmaceutical product may be marketed in the
United States begin with preclinical testing. Preclinical tests include
laboratory evaluation of product chemistry and animal studies to assess the
potential safety and efficacy of the product and its formulations. The results
of these studies must be submitted to the FDA as part of an IND application,
which must be reviewed by the FDA before proposed clinical testing can begin.
Typically, clinical testing involves a three-phase process. In Phase I, clinical
trials are conducted with a small number of subjects to determine the early
safety profile and the pattern of drug distribution and metabolism. In Phase II,
clinical trials are conducted with groups of patients afflicted with a specified
disease in order to provide enough data to statistically evaluate the
preliminary efficacy, optimal dosages and expanded evidence of safety. In Phase
III, large scale, multicenter, comparative clinical trials are conducted with
patients afflicted with a target disease in order to provide enough data to
statistically evaluate the efficacy and safety of the product, as required by
the FDA. The results of the preclinical and clinical testing of a chemical
pharmaceutical product are then submitted to the FDA in the form of an NDA, or
for a biological pharmaceutical product in the form of BLA, for approval to
commence commercial sales. In responding to an NDA or a BLA, the FDA may grant
marketing approval, request additional information or deny the application if it
determines that the application does not provide an adequate basis for approval.
We can not assure you that any approval required by the FDA will be obtained on
a timely basis, if at all.
Among the conditions for NDA or BLA approval is the requirement that the
prospective manufacturer's quality control and manufacturing procedures conform
on an ongoing basis with Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP. Before approval
of the BLA, the FDA will perform a prelicensing inspection of the facility to
determine its compliance with GMP and other rules and regulations. In complying
with GMP, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the
area of production and quality control to ensure full compliance. After the
establishment is licensed for the manufacture of any product, manufacturers are
subject to periodic inspections by the FDA.
41
<PAGE> 45
The requirements that we must satisfy to obtain regulatory approval by
governmental agencies in other countries prior to commercialization of our
products in such countries can be as rigorous, costly and uncertain.
We are also subject to various laws and regulations relating to safe working
conditions, laboratory and manufacturing practices, the experimental use of
animals and the use and disposal of hazardous or potentially hazardous
substances, including radioactive compounds and infectious disease agents, used
in connection with our research. We believe we are currently in compliance with
all these laws and regulations. The extent of governmental regulation that might
result from any legislative or administrative action cannot be accurately
predicted.
The levels of revenues and profitability of biopharmaceutical companies may be
affected by the continuing efforts of government and third party payers to
contain or reduce the costs of health care through various means. For example,
in certain foreign markets pricing or profitability of therapeutic and other
pharmaceutical products is subject to governmental control. In the United States
there have been, and we expect that there will continue to be, a number of
federal and state proposals to implement similar governmental control. While we
cannot predict whether any such legislative or regulatory proposals will be
adopted, the adoption of such proposals could have a material adverse effect on
our business, financial condition and profitability. In addition, in both the
United States and elsewhere, sales of therapeutic and other pharmaceutical
products are dependent in part on the availability of reimbursement to the
consumer from third party payers, such as government and private insurance
plans. Third party payers are increasingly challenging the prices charged for
medical products and services. We cannot assure you that any of our products
will be considered cost effective and that reimbursement to the consumer will be
available or will be sufficient to allow us to sell our products on a
competitive and profitable basis.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
A major portion of our operating expenses to date have been related to the
research and development of products either on our own behalf or under
contracts. During 1999, 1998 and 1997, our research and development expenses
were $367.3 million, $396.2 million and $470.9 million, respectively.
Our research and development efforts have been the primary source of our
products. We intend to maintain our strong commitment to research and
development as an essential component of our product development effort.
Licensed technology developed by outside parties is an additional source of
potential products.
HUMAN RESOURCES
As of December 31, 1999, we had 3,883 employees.
ENVIRONMENT
We seek to comply with all applicable statutory and administrative requirements
concerning environmental quality. We have made, and will continue to make,
expenditures for environmental compliance and protection. Expenditures for
compliance with environmental laws have not had and are not expected to have a
material effect on our capital expenditures, results of operation, financial
position or competitive position.
PROPERTIES
Our primary facilities are located in a research and industrial park in South
San Francisco, California in both leased and owned properties. We currently
occupy twenty-five buildings for our research and development, manufacturing,
marketing and administrative activities. Fourteen of the buildings are owned
property and eleven are leased. We have made and continue to make improvements
to these properties to accommodate our growth. In addition, we own approximately
17 acres adjacent to our current facilities that may be used for future
expansion. In 1995, we began development of a new manufacturing facility of
approximately 300,000 square feet in Vacaville, California under an operating
lease arrangement. The facility is operational and we expect to gain licensure
by the second quarter of 2000. We also have leases for certain additional office
facilities in several locations in the United States.
We believe our facilities are in good operating condition and that the real
property owned or leased, combined with the new Vacaville site (currently
awaiting FDA licensure), are adequate for all present and near term uses.
Additional manufacturing capacity may be added in the South San Francisco or the
Vacaville site dependent on the success of products in clinical trials. We
believe any additional facilities could be obtained or constructed with our
capital resources.
42
<PAGE> 46
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are party to various legal proceedings, including patent infringement
litigation relating to our human growth hormone products and antibody products,
licensing and contract disputes, and other matters. In 1990 and 1997, the
Regents of the University of California, or UC, filed patent infringement
lawsuits against us, alleging that the manufacture, use, and sale of our
Protropin and Nutropin human growth hormone products infringe a patent known as
the "Goodman patent" that is owned by UC. On November 19, 1999, we and UC
announced a proposed settlement of those lawsuits, and on or about December 17,
1999, the parties entered into a definitive written agreement on the terms of
the settlement. Under the terms of the settlement, Genentech paid UC $150
million and made a contribution in the amount of $50 million toward construction
of the first biological sciences research building at the University of
California, San Francisco Mission Bay campus, and Genentech and UC granted
certain releases to one another and dismissed with prejudice the 1990 and 1997
patent infringement lawsuits and related appeals. Such amounts were included in
other liabilities at December 31, 1999. The settlement resolves all outstanding
litigation between Genentech and UC relating to our growth hormone products.
On May 28, 1999, Glaxo Wellcome Inc. filed a patent infringement lawsuit against
us in the U.S. District Court in Delaware. The suit asserts that we infringe
four U.S. patents owned by Glaxo Wellcome. Two of the patents relate to the use
of specific kinds of monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of human disease,
including cancer. The other two patents asserted against us relate to
preparations of specific kinds of monoclonal antibodies which are made more
stable and the methods by which such preparations are made. We have been served
with the complaint. The complaint fails to specify which of our products or
methods of manufacture are allegedly infringing the four patents at issue.
However, we believe that the suit relates to the manufacture, use and sale of
our Herceptin and Rituxan antibody products. On July 19, 1999, we filed our
answer to Glaxo Wellcome's complaint, and in our answer we also stated
counterclaims against Glaxo Wellcome. On or about January 10, 2000, Glaxo
Wellcome filed a request with the Court to add additional patent infringement
claims to the suit under Glaxo Wellcome's U.S. Patent No. 5,633,162. We opposed
that request; the Court has not yet made a decision whether to grant Glaxo
Wellcome's request. The Court has scheduled the trial of this suit to begin on
January 29, 2001.
We and the City of Hope Medical Center are parties to a 1976 agreement relating
to work conducted by two City of Hope employees, Arthur Riggs and Keiichi
Itakura, and patents that resulted from that work, which are referred to as the
"Riggs/Itakura Patents." Since that time, Genentech has entered into license
agreements with various companies to make, use and sell the products covered by
the Riggs/Itakura Patents. On August 13, 1999 the City of Hope filed a complaint
against us in the Superior Court in Los Angeles County, California alleging that
we owe royalties to the City of Hope in connection with these license
agreements, as well as product license agreements that involve the grant of
licenses under the Riggs/Itakura Patents. The complaint states claims for
declaratory relief, breach of contract, breach of implied covenant of good faith
and fair dealing and breach of fiduciary duty. On December 15, 1999, we filed
our answer to the City of Hope's complaint. The judge has scheduled the trial of
this suit to begin February 5, 2001.
On December 1, 1994, Genentech filed suit against BTG in the United States
District Court in Delaware charging BTG with infringement of two Genentech
patents applicable to its human growth hormone product. On February 28, 1995,
Genentech filed an Amended Complaint against BTG alleging infringement of an
additional Genentech patent. On January 6, 1995, BTG filed suit against
Genentech in the United States District Court for the southern District of New
York seeking declaratory judgements that those patents and another Genentech
patent are invalid and not infringed by BTG. Genentech's suit in Delaware was
then transferred to New York and consolidated with BTG's suit there. At the time
of filing its suit and thereafter, BTG alleged various antitrust, abuse of
process, civil rights, malicious prosecution and unfair competition claims
against Genentech. All of those claims were dismissed by the District Court.
On August 10, 1995, the District Court issued a preliminary injunction which
prohibited BTG, pending the Court's final determination of the action, from
importing, making, using, selling, offering for sale or distributing in the
United States BTG's human growth hormone products except for certain ongoing FDA
approved clinical trials. BTG filed an appeal from the District Court's issuance
of the preliminary injunction to the United States Court of Appeals for the
Federal Circuit. On April 8, 1996, the Federal Circuit affirmed the preliminary
injunction granted by the District Court. On May 20, 1996, the Federal Circuit
denied BTG's petition for rehearing, and on October 7, 1996, the United States
Supreme Court declined to review the case.
In 1999, the case was transferred to a different judge of the District Court for
further proceedings. A jury trial of BTG's patent invalidity claim began on
January 10, 2000. On January 18, 2000, the jury returned a verdict in our favor
on a certain factual issue underlying BTG's invalidity claim, but the judge
nevertheless entered judgment in favor of BTG and lifted the preliminary
injunction that had been in effect against BTG since 1995. On February 23, 2000,
we filed a motion with the
43
<PAGE> 47
Federal Circuit requesting that the injunction against BTG be reinstated pending
appeal and for an expedited appeal. On February 24, 2000, the Federal Circuit
temporarily reinstated the injunction against BTG pending the Court's further
review of the issues raised in our motion. In the event that the injunction is
not maintained during the pendency of our appeal, or if our appeal is not
successful, BTG could potentially enter the United States market with its human
growth hormone product.
Based upon the nature of the claims made and the information available to date
to us and our counsel through investigations and otherwise, we believe the
outcome of these actions is not likely to have a material adverse effect on our
financial position, result of operations or cash flows. However, were an
unfavorable ruling to occur in any quarterly period, there exists the
possibility of a material impact on the net income of that period.
In addition to the above, in April 1999, we agreed to pay $50 million to settle
a federal investigation relating to our past clinical, sales and marketing
activities associated with human growth hormone.
44
<PAGE> 48
MANAGEMENT
Our board consists of two Roche directors, Franz B. Humer and Jonathan K.C.
Knowles, three independent directors, Herbert W. Boyer, Charles A. Sanders and
Sir Mark Richmond, and one Genentech employee, Arthur D. Levinson, who is also
the chairman of the board. However, Roche has the right at any time to obtain
proportional representation on our board. See "Risk Factors--Roche, Our
Controlling Stockholder, May Have Interests That Are Adverse to Yours." Our
executive officers and directors and their respective ages and positions are as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME AGE POSITION
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Arthur D. Levinson, Ph.D. ............... 49 Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board
Louis J. Lavigne, Jr. ................... 51 Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Susan D. Desmond-Hellmann, M.D., 42 Executive Vice President--Development and Product
M.P.H. ................................ Operations and Chief Medical Officer
Dennis J. Henner, Ph.D. ................. 48 Senior Vice President--Research
Judith A. Heyboer........................ 50 Senior Vice President--Human Resources
Stephen G. Juelsgaard.................... 51 Senior Vice President--General Counsel and Secretary
James P. Panek........................... 46 Senior Vice President--Product Operations
W. Robert Arathoon, Ph.D. ............... 47 Vice President--Process Sciences
Joffre B. Baker, Ph.D. .................. 52 Vice President--Research Discovery
J. Joseph Barta.......................... 52 Vice President--Quality
Stephen G. Dilly, M.D., Ph.D. ........... 40 Vice President--Medical Affairs
David Ebersman........................... 30 Vice President--Product Development
Robert L. Garnick, Ph.D. ................ 50 Vice President--Regulatory Affairs
Paula M. Jardieu, Ph.D. ................. 49 Vice President--Pharmacological Sciences
Sean A. Johnston, Ph.D................... 41 Vice President--Intellectual Property
Cynthia J. Ladd.......................... 44 Vice President--Corporate Law and Assistant Secretary
Laura Leber.............................. 37 Vice President--Corporate Communications
Walter K. Moore.......................... 48 Vice President--Government Affairs
Diane L. Parks........................... 47 Vice President--Marketing
Kimberly J. Popovits..................... 41 Vice President--Sales
Daniel S. Sulzbach, Ph.D................. 50 Vice President--Information Resources
John M. Whiting.......................... 44 Controller and Chief Accounting Officer
Franz B. Humer, Ph.D. ................... 53 Director of Genentech
Jonathan K.C. Knowles, Ph.D. ............ 51 Director of Genentech
Herbert W. Boyer, Ph.D. ................. 63 Director of Genentech
Sir Mark Richmond, Ph.D.................. 68 Director of Genentech
Charles A. Sanders, M.D.................. 67 Director of Genentech
</TABLE>
All officers are elected annually by the Board of Directors.
Dr. Levinson, Mr. Lavigne, Dr. Desmond-Hellmann, Dr. Henner, Ms. Heyboer, Mr.
Juelsgaard and Mr. Panek are members of our management executive committee.
45
<PAGE> 49
RELATIONSHIP WITH ROCHE
HISTORY OF OWNERSHIP
On September 7, 1990, a wholly owned subsidiary of Roche was merged with and
into Genentech. Pursuant to the 1990 merger agreement, Genentech and Roche
entered into a governance agreement that contained terms relating to our
corporate governance after the 1990 merger. Pursuant to the 1990 governance
agreement, our board of directors elected two nominees of Roche to serve on the
Genentech board. On October 25, 1995, a second wholly owned subsidiary of Roche
was merged with and into Genentech, and Genentech and Roche amended the 1990
governance agreement. In the 1995 merger, for our stockholders other than Roche,
each share of common stock was converted into one share of our special common
stock. Roche maintained the same percentage ownership of our equity as prior to
the 1995 merger and continued to have the right to nominate only two directors
to our board of directors under the amended governance agreement. The purpose of
the conversion of the common stock into special common stock was (i) to
establish a four-year period during which our publicly traded stock could be
redeemed by us at Roche's option at specified prices per share ranging from
$31.25 during the quarter ending December 31, 1995 to $41.25 during the quarter
ending June 30, 1999 and (ii) to afford the holders of special common stock the
right to require the purchase of all or a portion at the option of the holder of
their shares of such stock at a price of $30.00 per share exercisable during the
30-business day period following June 30, 1999.
REDEMPTION OF THE SPECIAL COMMON STOCK
On June 30, 1999, we redeemed all of our common stock held by stockholders other
than Roche at $41.25 per share in cash and retired all of the shares of special
common stock including those held by Roche. As a result, Roche's percentage
ownership of our outstanding common stock increased from approximately 65% to
100% and our then existing governance agreement terminated, except for
provisions relating to indemnification and stock options, warrants and
convertible securities.
OFFERINGS OF, AND NOTES EXCHANGEABLE FOR, OUR COMMON STOCK
On July 23, 1999, Roche completed a public offering of 44 million shares of our
common stock. In connection with that offering, we amended our certificate of
incorporation and bylaws and entered into an affiliation agreement with Roche,
described below. On October 26, 1999, Roche completed a public offering of 40
million shares of our common stock. Upon completion of that offering, Roche's
percentage ownership of our outstanding common stock was reduced to 66.4%. On
January 19, 2000, Roche completed an offering of zero-coupon notes which are
exchangeable for an aggregate of 6,517,309 shares of our common stock held by
Roche.
ARRANGEMENTS BETWEEN GENENTECH AND ROCHE
As a result of the redemption of the special common stock, the then existing
governance agreement between Genentech and Roche terminated, except for
provisions relating to indemnification and stock options, warrants and
convertible securities. Subsequently, we entered into an affiliation agreement
with Roche that enabled our current management to conduct our business and
operations as we had done in the past while at the same time reflecting Roche's
ownership interest in us. The affiliation agreement is for the exclusive benefit
of Roche and can be amended at any time by Roche and us. We expect to file
amendments to the bylaws, affiliation agreement and licensing agreement that
would, until we have repurchased shares of our common stock as required by the
affiliation agreement, exclude from the calculation of Roche's ownership
percentage for purposes of determining Roche's rights under the bylaws,
affiliation agreement and licensing agreement any dilution due to new stock
issuances (other than any stock issuances due to any share subdivision, share
combination, share dividend, share exchange, reclassification, merger,
consolidation or similar transaction or event).
Our certificate of incorporation provides that the provisions in our bylaws
described below under "--Composition of Board of Directors," "--Roche's Right to
Proportional Representation," "--Membership of Committees" and "--Nomination of
Directors" may be repealed or amended only by a 60% vote of our stockholders,
except for Roche's right to nominate a number of directors proportional to
Roche's ownership interest rounded down to the next whole number until Roche's
ownership interest is less than 5%, which may be repealed or amended only by a
90% vote of our shareholders. The provisions of the affiliation agreement
described below under "--Roche Approval Required for Certain Actions" and
"--Licensing and Marketing Arrangements" terminate upon Roche owning less than
40% of our stock.
46
<PAGE> 50
For purposes of the following provisions, an independent director is a director
who is not:
- one of our officers; or
- an employee, director, principal stockholder or partner of Roche or any
affiliate of Roche or an entity that was dependent upon Roche for more
than 10% of its revenues or earnings in its most recent fiscal year.
Composition of Board of Directors
Our board consists of six members: two nominees of Roche, one executive officer
of Genentech who is nominated by the nominating committee of the board and up to
three independent directors nominated by the nominating committee. Directors are
elected to serve one year terms or until their successors are elected and
qualified. At all times our board will include at least two independent
directors and one executive officer of Genentech.
Roche's Right to Proportional Representation
We have agreed that upon Roche's request Roche will be immediately entitled to
representation on our board proportional to its ownership interest in our common
stock. Roche will be entitled to have the number of Roche designated directors
equal to the percentage of our common stock owned by Roche times the total
number of directors, rounded up to the next whole number if Roche's ownership
interest is greater than 50% and rounded down if Roche's ownership percentage is
less than or equal to 50%. Upon Roche's request, we will immediately take action
to cause the size of our board to be increased and to cause our board to fill
the vacancies by electing Roche nominees in order to achieve Roche's
proportional representation. If Roche's ownership interest of our common stock
drops below 40%, Roche will cause its directors to resign to the extent its
representation is in excess of its proportional ownership interest. The number
of directors who are required to resign upon such event shall be rounded up to
the next whole number. Roche shall thereafter be entitled to nominate a number
of directors which is proportional to Roche's ownership interest rounded down to
the next whole number, until Roche's ownership interest is less than 5%.
Membership of Committees
We have five standing committees of the board: a Nominating Committee, an
Executive Committee, an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and a
Corporate Governance Committee. Roche is entitled upon request to its
proportional representation on each committee. Roche's committee members may
designate another Roche director to serve as their alternates on any committee.
The nominating committee shall at all times have three members. At any time that
Roche owns 80% or more of the total voting power of our stock, the nominating
committee shall include two nominees of Roche and one of the independent
directors. At any time that Roche owns less than 80% of the total voting power
of our stock, the nominating committee shall (1) include a number of nominees of
Roche that is equal to the percentage owned by Roche of the total voting power
of our common stock times three, rounded up to the next whole number if Roche's
total voting power is greater than 50% and rounded down to the next whole number
if Roche's total voting power is less than or equal to 50% provided that Roche
shall at no time have more than two nominees and, provided further that if the
reason for Roche owning less than 80% of the total voting power is as result of
a breach of our obligations described under "--Tax Matters" below, the
nominating committee shall include two nominees of Roche and (2) include a
number of independent directors equal to three minus the number of nominees of
Roche as determined pursuant to clause (1) above.
Nomination of Directors
The nomination of any person for director requires the approval of a majority of
the members of the nominating committee.
Roche Approval Required for Certain Actions
Without the prior approval of the directors designated by Roche, we have agreed
not to approve:
- any acquisition that would constitute a substantial portion of our
business or assets;
- any sale, lease, license, transfer or other disposal of all or a
substantial portion of our business or assets other than in the ordinary
course of our business;
- any issuance of capital stock except (1) issuances of capital stock
pursuant to employee incentive plans not exceeding 5% of our voting
stock, (2) issuances of capital stock upon the exercise, conversion or
exchange of any of our
47
<PAGE> 51
outstanding capital stock, and (3) other issuances of capital stock not
exceeding 5% of our voting stock in any 24 month period; and
- any repurchase or redemption of our capital stock other than redemption
required by the terms of any security and purchases made at fair market
value in connection with any of our deferred compensation plans.
For purposes of the first and second bullet points in this paragraph, unless a
majority of the board of directors have made a contrary determination in good
faith, a "substantial portion of our business or assets" shall mean a portion of
our business or assets accounting for 10% or more of our and our consolidated
subsidiaries' consolidated total assets, contribution to net income or revenues.
Following a request by Roche for proportional representation on the board, until
the Roche designees take office as directors we may not take any action other
than in the ordinary course of business without the consent of Roche.
Licensing and Marketing Arrangements
Except as otherwise provided in the marketing and licensing agreement with
Hoffmann-La Roche described under "Business -- Licensing Agreements with F.
Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd," we have agreed that we will not enter into any material
licensing or marketing agreement with respect to any products, processes,
inventions or developments subject to that agreement unless we first negotiate
in good faith with Roche for a reasonable period of not less than three months
and not more than six months with a view towards reaching a mutually beneficial
licensing or marketing agreement.
Registration Rights
We have agreed that, upon Roche's request, we will file one or more registration
statements under the Securities Act in order to permit Roche to offer and sell
shares of our common stock. We have agreed to use our best efforts to facilitate
the registration and offering of those shares designated for sale by Roche.
We have the right to postpone the filing or effectiveness of a registration
statement for a period of up to 60 days in any 12-month period if:
- in the reasonable good faith judgment of our board, fulfillment of our
obligations would require us to make disclosures that would be
detrimental to Genentech and premature; or
- we have filed a registration statement with respect to securities to be
distributed in an underwritten public offering and we have been advised
by the lead or managing underwriter that an offering by Roche would
materially and adversely affect the distribution of our securities.
Generally, all expenses incident to the performance by us of our obligations
with respect to the registration of Roche's shares of our common stock will be
paid by us except that Roche has agreed to pay certain expenses to be directly
incurred by Roche, including underwriting fees, discounts and commissions and
counsel fees. In addition, we are only required to pay for two registrations
within a 12-month period. We and Roche each have agreed to customary
indemnification and contribution provisions with respect to liability incurred
in connection with these registrations.
Dispositions by Roche
If Roche and its affiliates sell their majority ownership of shares of our
common stock to a successor, Roche has agreed that it will cause the successor
to purchase all shares of our common stock not held by Roche:
- if the consideration is composed entirely of either cash or equity traded
on a U.S. national securities exchange, with consideration in the same
form and amounts per share as received by Roche and its affiliates; and
- in any other case, with consideration either in the same form and amounts
per share as received by Roche and its affiliates or with consideration
that has a value per share not less than the weighted average value per
share received by Roche and its affiliates as determined by an investment
bank of nationally recognized standing appointed by a committee of
independent directors.
Roche has agreed to cause the buyer to agree to be bound by the obligations
described in the preceding paragraph as well as the obligations described under
"--Business Combinations with Roche" and "--Compulsory Acquisitions" below. We
have agreed that the buyer shall be entitled to succeed to Roche's rights
described under "--Roche's Right to Proportional Representation."
48
<PAGE> 52
Business Combinations with Roche
Roche has agreed that as a condition to any merger of Genentech with Roche or
its affiliates or the sale of substantially all of our assets to Roche or its
affiliates, that either:
- the merger or sale must be authorized by the favorable vote of a majority
of the shares of common stock voting at any meeting not owned by Roche,
provided that no person or group shall be entitled to cast more than 5%
of the votes cast at the meeting; or
- in the event such a favorable vote is not obtained, the value of the
consideration to be received by the holders of our common stock, other
than Roche, shall be equal to or greater than the average of the means of
the ranges of fair values for the common stock as determined by two
investment banks of nationally recognized standing appointed by a
committee of independent directors.
Roche has agreed that it will not sell any shares of our common stock in the 90
days immediately preceding any proposal by Roche for a merger with us.
Roche has also agreed that in the event of any merger of Genentech with Roche or
its affiliates or sale of substantially all of our assets to Roche or its
affiliates, each unvested option then outstanding under our stock option plans
will:
- be accelerated so that each option shall become exercisable immediately
prior to the consummation of the transaction for the full number of
shares of common stock covered by the option;
- become exchangeable upon the consummation of the transaction for deferred
cash compensation, which vests on the same schedule as the shares of
common stock covered by the option, having a value equal to the product
of (A) the number of shares covered by the option and (B) the amount
which Roche, in its reasonable judgment, considers to be equivalent in
value to the consideration per share received by holders of shares of
common stock other than Roche in the transaction, minus the exercise
price per share under the option; or
- be canceled in exchange for a replacement option to purchase stock of the
surviving corporation in the transaction with the terms of the option to
provide value equivalent, as determined by Roche in its reasonable
discretion, to that of the canceled option.
Compulsory Acquisitions
If Roche owns more than 90% of our common stock for more than two months, Roche
has agreed to, as soon as reasonably practicable, effect a merger of Genentech
with Roche or an affiliate of Roche.
The merger shall be conditioned on the vote or the valuation described under the
first two bullets of "--Business Combinations with Roche" above.
If such merger occurs, each unvested option outstanding under our stock option
plans shall be treated as set forth under "--Business Combinations by Roche"
above.
ROCHE'S RIGHT TO MAINTAIN ITS PERCENTAGE OWNERSHIP INTEREST IN OUR STOCK
The affiliation agreement requires us to, among other things, establish a stock
repurchase program designed to maintain Roche's percentage ownership interest in
our common stock. We are required to repurchase a sufficient number of shares
pursuant to this program to ensure that, with respect to any issuance of common
stock by us in the future, the percentage of our common stock owned by Roche
immediately after such issuance will be no lower than Roche's lowest percentage
ownership of our common stock at any time after the offering of common stock
occurring in July 1999 but prior to the time of such issuance, except that we
may issue shares up to an amount that would cause Roche's lowest percentage
ownership to be no more than 2% below the "Minimum Percentage." The Minimum
Percentage equals a fraction (expressed as a percentage) where the numerator is
the lowest number of shares of our common stock owned by Roche since the July
1999 offering (to be adjusted in the future for dispositions of shares of our
common stock by Roche, including this offering), and the denominator is
254,597,176, which is the number of shares of our common stock outstanding at
the time of the July 1999 offering adjusted for the two-for-one split of our
common stock in November 1999. Each of the numerator and denominator are to be
adjusted in the future for stock splits or stock combinations. As long as
Roche's percentage ownership is greater than 50%, prior to issuing any shares,
we must repurchase a sufficient number of shares of our common stock to ensure
that, immediately after its issuance of shares, Roche's percentage ownership
will be greater than 50%. We have also agreed, upon Roche's request, to
repurchase shares of our common stock to increase Roche's ownership to the
Minimum Percentage. Roche currently owns
49
<PAGE> 53
approximately 65.6% of our common stock and will own approximately 58.9% of our
common stock following completion of this offering. In addition, we are required
to provide information to Roche each month, or more frequently if requested,
regarding the status of the repurchase program and previous and expected future
issuances of common stock by us, and we also will be obligated to notify Roche
the day after the number of shares of common stock issued in a month equals or
exceeds 500,000. Our obligations with respect to this stock repurchase program
will terminate upon Roche owning less than 40% of our stock.
Furthermore, Roche has (i) a continuing option (which is assignable by Roche to
any of its affiliates) to buy from us, prior to the occurrence of any event that
could result in a decrease in the percentage of common stock owned by Roche and
its affiliates, a sufficient amount of common stock to ensure that Roche and its
affiliates maintain the percentage ownership of our common stock owned by them
(which percentage ownership will be 58.9% after the completion of this
offering), and (ii) a continuing option (which is assignable by Roche to any of
its affiliates) to buy from us 80% of any class of stock issued by us other than
common stock, in each case with a price per share equal to either the average of
the last sale price on each of the five immediately preceding trading days on a
U.S. national securities exchange on which the shares are traded or, if the sale
prices are unavailable, the value of the shares determined in accordance with
procedures reasonably satisfactory to Roche and us.
These provisions of the affiliation agreement may have the effect of limiting
our ability to use our capital stock as consideration for acquisitions.
TAX SHARING AGREEMENT
From the redemption of our special common stock in June 1999 until Roche
completed its public offering of our common stock in October 1999, we were
included in Roche's U.S. consolidated federal income tax group and included with
Roche and/or one or more Roche subsidiaries in consolidated or combined income
tax groups for certain state and local tax jurisdictions. Effective upon the
consummation of the public offering on October 1999, we ceased to be a member of
the consolidated federal income tax group (and certain consolidated or combined
state or local income tax groups) of which Roche is the common parent.
Pursuant to our tax sharing agreement with Roche, we and Roche are to make
payments such that, with respect to the period during which we are a member of a
Roche consolidated or combined group, the net amount paid by us on account of
consolidated or combined income taxes (including any amounts determined to be
due as a result of a redetermination of the consolidated or combined income tax
liability of a Roche group by reason of an audit by a taxing authority) will be
determined as if we had filed separate, stand-alone federal, state and local
income tax returns as the common parent of an affiliated group of corporations
filing consolidated or combined federal, state and local returns rather than a
consolidated subsidiary of Roche. Such stand-alone tax returns will be prepared
on a basis as if we were an independent taxpayer with no affiliation with Roche.
Under applicable law, for periods during which we are a member of a consolidated
or combined group of which Roche is the parent, Roche will continue to have all
of the rights and obligations of a parent of a consolidated federal income tax
group (and similar rights provided for by applicable state and local law with
respect to a parent of a consolidated or combined group), including: sole and
exclusive responsibility for the preparation and filing of consolidated federal
and consolidated or combined state and local income tax returns (or amended
returns); the power, in Roche's sole discretion, to contest or compromise any
asserted consolidated or combined tax adjustment or deficiency and to file,
litigate or compromise any claim for refund of a consolidated or combined tax on
behalf of us; and the authority to act as the sole and exclusive agent for us in
any and all other matters relating to consolidated or combined tax liabilities.
However, Roche and us have agreed to cooperate under the tax sharing agreement
to assist in the defense of claims relating to us.
Each member of a consolidated group is severally liable for the federal income
tax liability of the group. Accordingly, although the tax sharing agreement
determines tax liabilities between us and Roche, we could be liable in the event
that any federal tax liability is incurred by Roche's consolidated federal
income tax group with respect to the period during which we were a member of
such consolidated group (including the portion of Roche's 1999 taxable year
following the completion of its October 1999 offering of our common stock) and
such liability has not been discharged by Roche or its other subsidiaries.
Similarly, we could be liable in the event that a state or local tax liability
is incurred by a Roche consolidated or combined state or local tax group but is
not discharged by Roche or its other subsidiaries. Roche is required, under the
terms of the tax sharing agreement, to indemnify us for any tax liability of a
Roche consolidated or combined group that we must pay to a taxing authority,
except to the extent that such tax liability is attributable (as determined
under the principles described above relating to the computation of tax sharing
payments by us to Roche) to us and we have not yet made a corresponding tax
sharing payment to Roche.
50
<PAGE> 54
THE FUTURE OF GENENTECH
Roche acquired a 60% equity interest in us in 1990 because Roche believed that
the acquisition presented Roche with an opportunity to expand its investment in
biotechnology with a leading biotechnology enterprise--Genentech. It continues
to be the view of the board of directors of Roche that its investment in
Genentech is a worthwhile, long-term investment. The board of directors of Roche
also believes that its contractual agreements with us provide an opportunity for
both Roche and us to benefit from enhanced development and marketing of our
products outside the United States and that our innovative products can
increasingly benefit from Roche's global marketing, development and sales
resources. Roche intends to continue to allow our current management to conduct
our business and operations as we have done in the past. However, there can be
no assurance that Roche will not institute a new business plan in the future.
See "Risk Factors--Roche, Our Controlling Stockholder, May Have Interests That
Are Adverse to Yours."
51
<PAGE> 55
SELLING STOCKHOLDER
The following table sets forth certain information as of February 29, 2000
regarding the beneficial ownership of common stock by Roche. Beneficial
ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the Securities and
Exchange Commission and generally includes voting or investment power with
respect to securities and options that are exercisable within 60 days. The
person named below has sole voting and investment power with respect to all
shares of common stock shown as beneficially owned by it.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
------------------------------------------------------
SHARES BENEFICIALLY OWNED SHARES BENEFICIALLY OWNED
PRIOR TO OFFERING AFTER OFFERING
------------------------- -------------------------
NAME AND ADDRESS OF BENEFICIAL OWNER NUMBER PERCENTAGE NUMBER PERCENTAGE
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------- ----------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Roche Holdings, Inc. ................................. 170,597,176 65.6% 153,297,176 58.9%
One Commerce Center, Suite 1050
Wilmington, DE 19801
</TABLE>
In addition, Roche has granted the underwriters an option to purchase an
additional 1,700,000 shares of common stock to cover over-allotments. If the
underwriters exercise this option in full, Roche will own 58.3% of our
outstanding common stock after this offering.
In January 2000, Roche completed an offering of zero-coupon notes which are
exchangeable for an aggregate of 6,517,309 shares of our common stock held by
Roche, or 2.5% of our outstanding common stock as of February 29, 2000.
52
<PAGE> 56
MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS FOR
NON-U.S. HOLDERS OF COMMON STOCK
The following is a general discussion of the material United States federal
income and estate tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of our
common stock by a beneficial owner thereof that is a "Non-U.S. Holder." A
"Non-U.S. Holder" is a person or entity that, for U.S. federal income tax
purposes, is a non-resident alien individual, a foreign corporation, a foreign
partnership, or a foreign estate or trust.
This discussion is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and
administrative interpretations as of the date of this prospectus, all of which
are subject to change, including changes with retroactive effect. This
discussion does not address all aspects of United States federal income and
estate taxation that may be relevant to Non-U.S. Holders in light of their
particular circumstances and does not address any tax consequences arising under
the laws of any state, local or foreign jurisdiction. Prospective holders should
consult their tax advisors with respect to the particular tax consequences to
them of owning and disposing of our common stock, including the consequences
under the laws of any state, local or foreign jurisdiction.
DIVIDENDS
Subject to the discussion below, dividends, if any, paid to a Non-U.S. Holder of
our common stock generally will be subject to withholding tax at a 30% rate or
such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty. For
purposes of determining whether tax is to be withheld at a 30% rate or at a
reduced rate as specified by an income tax treaty, Genentech ordinarily will
presume that dividends paid on or before December 31, 2000 to an address in a
foreign country are paid to a resident of such country absent knowledge that
such presumption is not warranted.
Under United States Treasury Regulations applicable to dividends paid after
December 31, 2000, to obtain a reduced rate of withholding under a treaty, a
Non-U.S. Holder generally will be required to provide an Internal Revenue
Service Form W-8 BEN certifying such Non-U.S. Holder's entitlement to benefits
under a treaty. The regulations also provide special rules to determine whether,
for purposes of determining the applicability of a tax treaty, dividends paid to
a Non-U.S. Holder that is an entity should be treated as paid to the entity or
those holding an interest in that entity.
There will be no withholding tax on dividends paid to a Non-U.S. Holder that are
effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder's conduct of a trade or business
within the United States if a Form 4224 or, after December 31, 2000, a Form W-8
ECI, stating that the dividends are so connected is filed with Genentech.
Instead, the effectively connected dividends will be subject to regular United
States income tax in the same manner as if the Non-U.S. Holder were a United
States resident. A non-U.S. corporation receiving effectively connected
dividends may also be subject to an additional "branch profits tax" which is
imposed, under certain circumstances, at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate as
may be specified by an applicable treaty) of the non-U.S. corporation's
effectively connected earnings and profits, subject to certain adjustments.
Generally, Genentech must report to the United States Internal Revenue Service
the amount of dividends paid, the name and address of the recipient, and the
amount, if any, of tax withheld. A similar report is sent to the holder.
Pursuant to tax treaties or certain other agreements, the United States Internal
Revenue Service may make its reports available to tax authorities in the
recipient's country of residence.
Dividends paid to a Non-U.S. Holder at an address within the United States may
be subject to backup withholding imposed at a rate of 31% if the Non-U.S. Holder
fails to establish that it is entitled to an exemption or to provide a correct
taxpayer identification number and certain other information to Genentech.
Under current United States federal income tax law, backup withholding generally
does not apply to dividends paid on or before December 31, 2000 to a Non-U.S.
Holder at an address outside the United States, unless the payer has knowledge
that the payee is a U.S. person. Under the regulations described above, however,
a Non-U.S. Holder will be subject to backup withholding unless applicable
certification requirements are met.
GAIN ON DISPOSITION OF COMMON STOCK
A Non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to United States federal income
tax with respect to gain realized on a sale or other disposition of our common
stock unless (i) the gain is effectively connected with a trade or business of
such holder in the
53
<PAGE> 57
United States, (ii) in the case of certain Non-U.S. Holders who are non-resident
alien individuals and hold our common stock as a capital asset, such individuals
are present in the United States for 183 or more days in the taxable year of the
disposition, (iii) the Non-U.S. Holder is subject to tax pursuant to the
provisions of the Code regarding the taxation of U.S. expatriates, or (iv)
Genentech is or has been a "U.S. real property holding corporation" within the
meaning of Section 897(c)(2) of the Code at any time within the shorter of the
five-year period preceding such disposition or such holder's holding period.
Genentech believes that it is not, and does not anticipate becoming, a U.S. real
property holding corporation.
INFORMATION REPORTING REQUIREMENTS AND BACKUP WITHHOLDING ON DISPOSITION OF
COMMON STOCK
Under current United States federal income tax law, information reporting and
backup withholding imposed at a rate of 31% will apply to the proceeds of a
disposition of our common stock effected by or through a United States office of
a broker unless the disposing holder certifies as to its non-U.S. status or
otherwise establishes an exemption. Generally, United States information
reporting and backup withholding will not apply to a payment of disposition
proceeds where the transaction is effected outside the United States through a
non-U.S. office of a non-U.S. broker. However, U.S. information reporting
requirements will apply to a payment of disposition proceeds where the
transaction is effected outside the United States by or through an office
outside the United States of a broker that fails to maintain documentary
evidence that the holder is a Non-U.S. Holder and that certain conditions are
met, or that the holder otherwise is entitled to an exemption, and the broker is
(i) a U.S. person, (ii) a foreign person which derives 50% or more of its gross
income for certain periods from the conduct of a trade or business in the United
States, (iii) a "controlled foreign corporation" for U.S. federal income tax
purposes, or (iv) effective after December 31, 2000, a foreign partnership (A)
at least 50% of the capital or profits interest in which is owned by U.S.
persons, or (B) that is engaged in a U.S. trade or business.
Effective after December 31, 2000, backup withholding will apply to a payment of
those disposition proceeds if the broker has actual knowledge that the holder is
a U.S. person.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the tax liability of
persons subject to backup withholding will be reduced by the amount of tax
withheld. If withholding results in an overpayment of taxes, a refund may be
obtained, provided that the required information is furnished to the U.S.
Internal Revenue Service.
FEDERAL ESTATE TAX
An individual Non-U.S. Holder who is treated as the owner of, or has made
certain lifetime transfers of, an interest in our common stock will be required
to include the value thereof in his gross estate for U.S. federal estate tax
purposes, and may be subject to U.S. federal estate tax unless an applicable
estate tax treaty provides otherwise.
54
<PAGE> 58
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
The 17,300,000 shares of our common stock sold in this offering, along with the
84,000,000 shares sold in the July and October 1999 offerings, will be freely
tradable without restriction under the Securities Act of 1933 except for any
such shares which may be acquired by one of our affiliates as that term is
defined in Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, which shares
will remain subject to the resale limitations of Rule 144.
The shares of our common stock that will continue to be held by Roche after the
offering constitute "restricted securities" within the meaning of Rule 144, and
will be eligible for sale by Roche in the open market after this offering,
subject to certain contractual lockup provisions and the applicable requirements
of Rule 144, both of which are described below.
Generally, Rule 144 provides that a person who has beneficially owned
"restricted" shares for at least one year will be entitled to sell on the open
market in brokers' transactions within any three month period a number of shares
that does not exceed the greater of:
- 1% of the then outstanding shares of common stock; and
- the average weekly trading volume in the common stock on the open market
during the four calendar weeks preceding such sale.
Sales under Rule 144 are also subject to certain post-sale notice requirements
and the availability of current public information about us.
In the event that any person other than Roche who is deemed to be our affiliate
purchases shares of our common stock pursuant to this offering or acquires
shares of our common stock pursuant to one of our employee benefit plans, the
shares held by such person are required under Rule 144 to be sold in brokers'
transactions, subject to the volume limitations described above. Shares properly
sold in reliance upon Rule 144 to persons who are not our affiliates are
thereafter freely tradable without restriction.
Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the open market, or the
availability of such shares for sale, could adversely affect the price of our
common stock. Subject to the lock-up agreement discussed in the next paragraph,
any shares sold in this offering will be eligible for immediate resale in the
public market without restrictions by persons other than our affiliates. Our
affiliates would be subject to the restrictions of Rule 144 described above.
We and Roche have agreed that, without the prior written consent of J.P. Morgan
Securities Inc. on behalf of the underwriters, neither of us will, during the
period ending 90 days after the date of this prospectus, sell or otherwise,
dispose of any shares of our common stock, subject to certain exceptions. For a
more detailed description of the terms of this agreement, see "Underwriting."
We have agreed that, upon Roche's request, we will file one or more registration
statements under the Securities Act in order to permit Roche to offer and sell
shares of our common stock. For a more detailed description of Roche's
registration rights, see "Relationship with Roche--Arrangements between
Genentech and Roche--Registration Rights."
Options representing an aggregate of 19,046,403 shares of our common stock have
been issued under our stock option plans, of which options representing
4,590,894 shares of our common stock were exercisable as of February 29, 2000.
The shares issued pursuant to our stock option plans are freely tradable,
subject to the restrictions on resale by affiliates under Rule 144 discussed
above.
55
<PAGE> 59
UNDERWRITING
The underwriters named below, for whom J.P. Morgan Securities Inc., Goldman,
Sachs & Co., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Warburg Dillon
Read LLC, FleetBoston Robertson Stephens Inc. and Lehman Brothers Inc. are
acting as representatives, have severally agreed, subject to the terms and
conditions set forth in the underwriting agreement among them, the selling
stockholder and us, to purchase from the selling stockholder, and the selling
stockholder has agreed to sell to the underwriters, the respective number of
shares of common stock set forth opposite their names below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
----------
NUMBER
UNDERWRITERS OF SHARES
------------ ----------
<S> <C>
J.P. Morgan Securities Inc..................................
Goldman, Sachs & Co. .......................................
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith
Incorporated....................................
Warburg Dillon Read LLC.....................................
FleetBoston Robertson Stephens Inc. ........................
Lehman Brothers Inc. .......................................
----------
Total............................................. 17,300,000
==========
</TABLE>
The nature of the underwriters' obligations under the underwriting agreement is
such that all of the common stock being offered, excluding shares covered by the
over-allotment option granted to the underwriters, must be purchased if any are
purchased.
The representatives of the underwriters have advised us that the several
underwriters propose to offer the common stock to the public at the public
offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and may offer the
common stock to selected dealers at such price less a concession not to exceed
$ per share. The underwriters may allow, and such dealers may reallow, a
concession to other dealers not to exceed $ per share. After the initial
offering of the common stock, the public offering price and other selling terms
may be changed by the representatives.
The selling stockholder has granted the underwriters an option, exercisable for
30 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to 1,700,000 additional
shares of common stock at the same price per share to be paid by the
underwriters for the other shares offered hereby. If the underwriters purchase
any such additional shares pursuant to the option, each of the underwriters will
be committed to purchase such additional shares in approximately the same
proportion as set forth in the above table. The underwriters may exercise the
option only to cover over-allotments, if any, made in connection with the
distribution of the common stock offered hereby.
The following table shows the per share and total underwriting discounts to be
paid to the underwriters by the selling stockholder, assuming both no exercise
and full exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
-----------------------------
NO EXERCISE FULL EXERCISE
------------ -------------
<S> <C> <C>
Per share................................................. $ $
Total..................................................... $ $
</TABLE>
We and the selling stockholder have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against
certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to
contribute to payments the underwriters may be required to make in respect
thereof.
We estimate that the total expenses of this offering, excluding underwriting
discounts, will be $ million. Roche has agreed to pay all expenses in
connection with this offering.
In connection with this offering, the underwriters may engage in transactions
that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the common stock.
Specifically, the underwriters may overallot this offering, creating a syndicate
short position. In
56
<PAGE> 60
addition, the underwriters may bid for, and purchase, shares of common stock in
the open market to cover syndicate shorts or to stabilize the price of the
common stock. Finally, the underwriting syndicate may reclaim selling
concessions allowed for distributing shares of common stock in this offering, if
the syndicate repurchases previously distributed common stock in syndicate
covering transactions, in stabilization transactions or otherwise. Any of these
activities may stabilize or maintain the market price of the shares of common
stock above independent market levels. The underwriters are not required to
engage in these activities, and may end any of these activities at any time.
We and the selling stockholder have agreed, with certain exceptions, that during
the period beginning from the date of this prospectus and continuing and
including the date 90 days after the date of this prospectus, neither of us
will, directly or indirectly, offer, sell, offer to sell, contract to sell or
otherwise dispose of any shares of common stock or any of our securities which
are substantially similar to the common stock, including but not limited to any
securities that are convertible into or exchangeable for, or that represent the
right to receive, common stock or any such substantially similar securities or
enter into any swap, option, future, forward or other agreement that transfers,
in whole or in part, the economic consequences of ownership of common stock or
any securities substantially similar to the common stock, other than pursuant to
employee stock option and restricted stock plans existing on the date of this
prospectus, without the prior written consent of J.P. Morgan Securities Inc.
It is expected that delivery of the shares will be made to investors on or about
March , 2000.
From time to time in the ordinary course of their respective businesses, certain
of the underwriters and their affiliates have engaged in and may in the future
engage in commercial and/or investment banking transactions with us, Roche and
our affiliates.
LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters relating to the shares of common stock offered hereby will
be passed upon for Roche and Genentech by Davis Polk & Wardwell, New York, New
York. Legal matters in connection with this offering will be passed upon for the
underwriters by Cahill Gordon & Reindel, New York, New York.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements of Genentech, Inc. incorporated by
reference in Genentech, Inc.'s Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended
December 1999, have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent auditors, as
set forth in their report thereon incorporated by reference therein and
incorporated herein and in the registration statement by reference. Such
consolidated financial statements are incorporated herein and in the
registration statement by reference in reliance upon such report given on the
authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other
information with the SEC. We have also filed with the SEC a registration
statement on Form S-3 to register the shares of common stock being offered in
this prospectus. This prospectus, which forms part of the registration
statement, does not contain all of the information included in the registration
statement. For further information about us and the shares of common stock
offered in this prospectus, you should refer to the registration statement and
its exhibits and our other SEC filings.
You may read and copy any document we file with the SEC at the SEC's Public
Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call
the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the Public
Reference Room. We file our SEC materials electronically with the SEC, so you
can also review our filings by accessing the website maintained by the SEC at
http://www.sec.gov. This website contains reports, proxy and information
statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with
the SEC.
The SEC allows us to "incorporate by reference" the information we file with it,
which means we can disclose important information to you by referring you to
those documents. The information included in the following documents is
incorporated by reference and is considered to be a part of this prospectus. The
most recent information that we file with the SEC
57
<PAGE> 61
automatically updates and supersedes more dated information. We have previously
filed the following documents with the SEC and incorporate them by reference
into this prospectus:
1. Our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999;
2. Our current report on Form 8-K dated January 14, 2000; and
3. The description of our capital stock under the caption "Description of
Capital Stock" in our registration statement on Form 8-A (File No.
1-09813).
We also incorporate by reference all documents subsequently filed by us pursuant
to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act until all of the shares
being offered in this prospectus are sold.
We will provide without charge to each person to whom a prospectus is delivered,
including any beneficial owner, a copy of any or all of the information that has
been incorporated by reference in this prospectus. If you would like to obtain
this information from us, please direct your request, either in writing or by
telephone, to Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080,
Attention Investor Relations (650) 225-1260.
58
<PAGE> 62
[Genentech]
<PAGE> 63
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
ITEM 14. OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
----------
AMOUNT
TO BE PAID
----------
<S> <C>
Registration fee............................................ $1,072,170
NASD Filing fee............................................. 30,500
Transfer agent's fees....................................... *
Printing and engraving expenses............................. *
Legal fees and expenses..................................... *
Accounting fees and expenses................................ *
Miscellaneous............................................... *
----------
Total............................................. $ *
==========
</TABLE>
- ---------------
* To be filed by amendment.
Each of the amounts set forth above, other than the registration fee and the
NASD filing fee, is an estimate. Roche Holdings, Inc. has agreed to pay all
expenses in connection with this offering.
ITEM 15. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
Our certificate of incorporation limits, to the fullest extent permitted by
Delaware corporate law, the personal liability of directors for monetary damages
for breach of their fiduciary duties.
Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "DGCL")
provides, in summary, that directors and officers of Delaware corporations are
entitled, under certain circumstances, to be indemnified against all expenses
and liabilities (including attorneys' fees) incurred by them as a result of
suits brought against them in their capacity as a director or officer, if they
acted in good faith and in a manner they reasonably believed to be in or not
opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and with respect to any
criminal action or proceeding, if they had no reasonable cause to believe their
conduct was unlawful; provided, that no indemnification may be made against
expenses in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which they shall have
been adjudged to be liable to the corporation, unless and only to the extent
that the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon
application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the
circumstances of the case, they are fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity
for such expenses which the court shall deem proper. Any such indemnification
may be made by the corporation only as authorized in each specific case upon a
determination by the stockholders or disinterested directors that
indemnification is proper because the indemnitee has met the applicable standard
of conduct.
Our board of directors may provide similar indemnification to our officers,
employees and agents as they deem appropriate and as authorized by Delaware law.
We may purchase insurance on behalf of any director, officer, employee or agent
against any expense incurred by such person in his or her capacity.
Our certificate of incorporation also provides that Roche and the officers or
directors of Roche will not be presumed liable to us or our stockholders for
breach of any fiduciary duty or duty of loyalty, failure to act in the best
interests of Genentech, or receipt of any improper personal benefit, simply
because Roche or any director or officer of Roche, in good faith, takes any
action, exercises any right or gives or withholds any consent with respect to
any agreement or contract between Roche and Genentech.
In addition, Roche will not be liable to us or our stockholders for breach of
any fiduciary duty if Roche pursues or acquires a potential corporate
opportunity of ours or does not inform us of a potential corporate opportunity.
If a director, officer or employee of Genentech who is also a director, officer
or employee of Roche knows of a potential transaction or matter that may be a
corporate opportunity both for Genentech and Roche, the director, officer or
employee is entitled to offer the corporate opportunity to us or Roche as the
director, officer or employee deems appropriate under the circumstances in his
sole
II-1
<PAGE> 64
discretion, and no such director, officer or employee will be liable to us or
our stockholders for breach of any fiduciary duty or duty of loyalty or failure
to act in our best interests or the derivation of any improper personal benefit
by reason of the fact that such director, officer or employee offered such
corporate opportunity to Roche (rather than to us) or did not communicate
information regarding such corporate opportunity to us, or Roche pursues or
acquires such corporate opportunity for itself or directs such corporate
opportunity to another person or does not communicate the corporate opportunity
to us.
Neither Roche nor any officer or director thereof shall be liable to us or our
stockholders for breach of any fiduciary duty or duty of loyalty or failure to
act in (or not opposed to) our best interests or the derivation of any improper
personal benefit by reason of the fact that Roche or an officer of director
thereof in good faith takes any action or exercises any rights or gives or
withholds any consent in connection with any agreement or contract between Roche
and Genentech. No vote cast or other action taken by any person who is an
officer, director or other representative of Roche, which vote is cast or action
is taken by such person in his capacity as a director of Genentech, shall
constitute an action of or the exercise of a right by or a consent of Roche for
the purpose of any such agreement or contract.
ITEM 16. EXHIBITS
(a) The following exhibits are filed as part of this Registration Statement:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION
- ------- -----------
<C> <C> <S>
1 -- Form of Underwriting Agreement*
5 -- Opinion of Davis Polk & Wardwell*
23.1 -- Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors*
23.2 -- Consent of Davis Polk & Wardwell (included in Exhibit 5)*
24.1 -- Power of Attorney (included on signature page)
</TABLE>
- ---------------
* To be filed by amendment.
ITEM 17. UNDERTAKINGS
The undersigned hereby undertakes:
(a) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act
of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the
registrant pursuant to the provisions referenced in Item 15 of this Registration
Statement, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of
the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public
policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event
that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the
payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer,
or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action,
suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person
in connection with the securities being registered hereunder, the registrant
will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by
controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the
question of whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as
expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such
issue.
(b) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:
(1) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of
1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part
of this Registration Statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained
in a form of prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule
424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to
be part of this Registration Statement as of the time it was declared
effective.
(2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act
of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of
prospectus shall be deemed to be a new Registration Statement relating
to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities
at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering
thereof.
II-2
<PAGE> 65
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant has
duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of South San Francisco,
State of California, on the 8th day of March, 2000.
GENENTECH, INC.
By: /s/ ARTHUR D. LEVINSON
---------------------------------------
Name: Arthur D. Levinson
Title: Chief Executive
Officer and Chairman
of the Board
II-3
<PAGE> 66
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears
below constitutes and appoints Arthur D. Levinson and Stephen G. Juelsgaard, and
each or any one of them, his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with
full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place
and stead, in any and all capabilities, to sign any and all amendments
(including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement and any and
all additional registration statements pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and
all other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange
Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them,
full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing
requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all
intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and
confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or their
or his substitutes or substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue
hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this
Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the
capacities and on the dates indicated.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
--------- ----- ----
<S> <C> <C>
/s/ ARTHUR D. LEVINSON Principal Executive Officer and Director March 8, 2000
- -----------------------------------------------------
Arthur D. Levinson
/s/ LOUIS J. LAVIGNE, JR. Principal Financial Officer March 8, 2000
- -----------------------------------------------------
Louis J. Lavigne, Jr.
/s/ JOHN M. WHITING Principal Accounting Officer March 8, 2000
- -----------------------------------------------------
John M. Whiting
/s/ HERBERT W. BOYER Director March 8, 2000
- -----------------------------------------------------
Herbert W. Boyer
/s/ FRANZ B. HUMER Director March 8, 2000
- -----------------------------------------------------
Franz B. Humer
/s/ JONATHAN K.C. KNOWLES Director March 8, 2000
- -----------------------------------------------------
Jonathan K.C. Knowles
/s/ CHARLES A. SANDERS Director March 8, 2000
- -----------------------------------------------------
Charles A. Sanders
/s/ MARK RICHMOND Director March 8, 2000
- -----------------------------------------------------
Mark Richmond
</TABLE>
II-4
