<PAGE> 1
AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON JANUARY 24, 1994.
REGISTRATION NO. 33-51819
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
------------------------
AMENDMENT NO. 1
TO
FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
------------------------
KLA INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION
(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)
------------------------
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
DELAWARE 04-256411
(STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION OF (I.R.S. EMPLOYER
INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION) IDENTIFICATION NO.)
</TABLE>
160 RIO ROBLES
SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA 95161
(408) 434-4200
(ADDRESS, INCLUDING ZIP CODE, AND TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA
CODE, OF REGISTRANT'S PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES)
------------------------
KENNETH LEVY
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
KLA INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION
160 RIO ROBLES
SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA 95161
(408) 434-4200
(NAME, ADDRESS, INCLUDING ZIP CODE, AND TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE,
OF AGENT FOR SERVICE)
COPIES TO:
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
PAUL E. KREUTZ, ESQ. GAVIN B. GROVER, ESQ.
GEORGE H. HOHNSBEEN II, ESQ. GREGORY H. HANSON, ESQ.
SUSAN GOODHUE, ESQ. A. ALLISON LISBONNE, ESQ.
ELIZABETH M. BAUM, ESQ. MORRISON & FOERSTER
GRAY CARY WARE & FREIDENRICH 345 CALIFORNIA STREET
400 HAMILTON AVENUE SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 94104
PALO ALTO, CA 94301
</TABLE>
------------------------
APPROXIMATE DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF PROPOSED SALE TO THE PUBLIC: As soon as
practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered
pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following
box: / /
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on
a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of
1933, check the following box: / /
------------------------
THE REGISTRANT HEREBY AMENDS THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON SUCH DATE OR DATES
AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO DELAY ITS EFFECTIVE DATE UNTIL THE REGISTRANT SHALL FILE
A FURTHER AMENDMENT WHICH SPECIFICALLY STATES THAT THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT
SHALL THEREAFTER BECOME EFFECTIVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 8(A) OF THE
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OR UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL BECOME
EFFECTIVE ON SUCH DATE AS THE COMMISSION, ACTING PURSUANT TO SAID SECTION 8(A),
MAY DETERMINE.
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- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<PAGE> 2
INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS SUBJECT TO COMPLETION OR AMENDMENT. A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATING TO THESE SECURITIES HAS BEEN FILED WITH THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. THESE SECURITIES MAY
NOT BE SOLD NOR MAY OFFERS TO BUY BE ACCEPTED PRIOR TO THE TIME THE
REGISTRATION STATEMENT BECOMES EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS SHALL NOT
CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER
TO BUY NOR SHALL THERE BE ANY SALE OF THESE SECURITIES IN ANY STATE IN
WHICH SUCH OFFER, SOLICITATION OR SALE WOULD BE UNLAWFUL PRIOR TO
REGISTRATION OR QUALIFICATION UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY SUCH STATE.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION; DATED JANUARY 24, 1994
2,000,000 SHARES
(LOGO) KLA INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION
COMMON STOCK
------------------------
All of the 2,000,000 shares of Common Stock offered hereby are being sold
by KLA Instruments Corporation (the "Company"). The Company's Common Stock is
quoted on The Nasdaq National Market under the symbol "KLAC." The last reported
sale price of the Common Stock on The Nasdaq National Market on January 5, 1994
was $27.00 per share.
SEE "RISK FACTORS" FOR A DISCUSSION OF CERTAIN FACTORS THAT SHOULD BE
CONSIDERED BY PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS IN THE COMMON STOCK OFFERED HEREBY.
------------------------
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS
THE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE
ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION
TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
PRICE TO UNDERWRITING PROCEEDS TO
PUBLIC DISCOUNT COMPANY(1)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Per Share................................. $ $ $
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total(2).................................. $ $ $
</TABLE>
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- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Before deducting estimated expenses of $500,000 payable by the Company.
(2) The Company has granted the Underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to
300,000 additional shares of Common Stock solely to cover over-allotments,
if any. If such option is exercised in full, the total price to the public
will be $ , the total underwriting discount will be $ ,
and the total proceeds to the Company will be $ . See
"Underwriting."
------------------------
The shares of Common Stock are offered by the several Underwriters named
herein, subject to receipt and acceptance by them and to their right to reject
any order in whole or in part. It is expected that delivery of the shares will
be made on or about January , 1994.
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
KIDDER, PEABODY & CO. MORGAN STANLEY & CO.
INCORPORATED INCORPORATED
</TABLE>
THE DATE OF THIS PROSPECTUS IS JANUARY , 1994.
<PAGE> 3
IN CONNECTION WITH THIS OFFERING, THE UNDERWRITERS MAY OVERALLOT OR EFFECT
TRANSACTIONS WHICH STABILIZE OR MAINTAIN THE MARKET PRICE OF THE COMMON STOCK OF
THE COMPANY AT A LEVEL ABOVE THAT WHICH MIGHT OTHERWISE PREVAIL IN THE OPEN
MARKET. SUCH TRANSACTIONS MAY BE EFFECTED ON THE NASDAQ NATIONAL MARKET OR
OTHERWISE. SUCH STABILIZING, IF COMMENCED, MAY BE
DISCONTINUED AT ANY TIME.
IN CONNECTION WITH THIS OFFERING, THE UNDERWRITERS AND SELLING GROUP MEMBERS (IF
ANY) OR THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES MAY ENGAGE IN PASSIVE MARKET MAKING
TRANSACTIONS IN THE COMPANY'S COMMON STOCK ON THE NASDAQ NATIONAL MARKET IN
ACCORDANCE WITH RULE 10B-6A UNDER THE EXCHANGE ACT. SEE "UNDERWRITING."
<PAGE> 4
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
The following summary is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed
information appearing elsewhere in this Prospectus and in the information and
documents incorporated by reference herein. Unless otherwise indicated, all
information in this Prospectus assumes no exercise of the Underwriters'
over-allotment option. See "Underwriting." Unless the context otherwise
requires, "KLA" and the "Company" refer to KLA Instruments Corporation, a
Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries.
THE COMPANY
KLA is the leader in the design, manufacture, marketing and service of
yield management and process monitoring systems for the semiconductor industry.
KLA believes that it is the world's largest supplier to the wafer and reticle
inspection equipment markets. The Company sells to virtually all of the world's
semiconductor manufacturers and has achieved very high market shares in its
principal businesses. KLA's systems are used to analyze product and process
quality at critical steps in the manufacture of integrated circuits, providing
feedback so that fabrication problems can be identified, addressed and
contained. This understanding of defect sources and how to contain them enables
semiconductor manufacturers to increase yields. Quickly attaining and then
maintaining high yields is one of the most important determinants of
profitability in the semiconductor industry. The Company believes that its
customers typically experience rapid paybacks on their investments in the
Company's systems.
The growing complexity of semiconductor devices, including shrinking
feature dimensions, has substantially increased the cost to manufacture
semiconductors, making yield loss more expensive. This trend has increased
semiconductor manufacturers' demand for systems which permit the detection and
containment of process problems. The sensitivity of fabrication yields to defect
densities increases as devices become more complex. For example, an average of
0.1 fatal defects per square centimeter will allow a yield of 60% for a 4 Mbit
DRAM, but only 5% for a 64 Mbit DRAM. Further, the escalating capital
investments necessary for the construction of semiconductor fabrication
facilities heighten manufacturers' need for yield enhancing systems which can
leverage their returns on these investments.
Several years ago, the Company recognized the industry's need for in-line
monitoring to provide real-time process management capability. In response, the
Company devoted substantial resources to developing systems with the throughput,
reliability and associated data analysis capabilities for in-process inspection.
During the past year, customers' use of the Company's wafer inspection systems
began evolving from single system, off-line engineering analysis applications to
multiple systems monitoring critical steps directly on advanced fabrication
lines. Positive customer evaluation of the Company's in-line production
monitoring systems led to record order levels for the Company's 1993 fiscal year
and its 1994 fiscal year to date. The Company believes that the potential market
for its in-line monitoring systems is several times larger than its traditional
market for engineering analysis systems.
The Company's technological strength has enabled it to develop and
introduce major new product families in the past two years for the following
three business units: WISARD, which addresses semiconductor wafer inspection;
RAPID, which addresses reticle inspection; and Metrology, which addresses
overlay registration and linewidth measurement. The Company believes that its
WISARD and RAPID product families incorporate proprietary technologies which
provide greater sensitivity to defects than any competing systems. The Company's
key technologies include advanced image acquisition and conversion at up to 100
million pixels per second, proprietary algorithms which identify possible
defects, and image computers capable of processing data at speeds up to 72
billion instructions per second (72,000 MIPS). Following the introduction of
these new product families, the related engineering, research and development
expenses decreased in fiscal year 1993. The Company is still incurring
significant start-up expenses related to the introduction of these new product
families.
KLA also sells wafer probers in the United States and Europe through its
ATS division. The Company purchases the base prober from Tokyo Electron Ltd.
("TEL") and modifies it with image processing systems, software and various
custom interfaces. The Company's WATCHER division sells image processing systems
to TEL for use in its probers sold in Japan, Korea and certain other markets.
KLA was incorporated in Delaware in July 1975. The Company's principal
offices are located at 160 Rio Robles, San Jose, California 95161, and its
telephone number is (408) 434-4200.
3
<PAGE> 5
THE OFFERING
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Common Stock offered by the Company............................. 2,000,000 shares
Common Stock to be outstanding after the offering............... 21,657,000 shares(1)
Use of proceeds................................................. The Company intends to use the
net proceeds for general
corporate purposes. In addition,
the Company may use a portion of
the net proceeds to acquire
businesses, products or
technologies complementary to
the Company's current
businesses. See "Use of
Proceeds."
The Nasdaq National Market symbol............................... KLAC
</TABLE>
- ---------------
(1) Based on the number of shares outstanding at September 30, 1993. Excludes
3,468,000 shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance under the Company's
stock option and employee stock purchase plans, including 2,568,000 shares
issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options at an average exercise
price of $7.90 per share.
SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
(IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
QUARTERS ENDED
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, SEPTEMBER 30,
------------------------------------------------------ ------------------
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1992 1993
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Statement of Operations Data:
Net sales....................... $157.8 $161.6 $148.4 $156.0 $167.2 $ 38.5 $ 51.9
Gross profit.................... 73.7 75.5 65.6 56.0 59.8 13.0 20.7
Engineering, research and
development expense........... 23.4 26.3 27.1 25.9 16.3 4.0 4.9
Selling, general and
administrative expense........ 28.3 31.5 33.5 35.5 32.7 7.5 9.9
Restructuring charges
(recovery).................... -- -- -- 8.2 (0.7) -- --
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Income (loss) from operations... 22.0 17.7 5.0 (13.6) 11.5 1.5 5.9
Interest income and other,
net........................... 1.0 1.8 1.8 1.2 1.2 0.3 0.2
Interest expense................ (1.0) (0.6) (3.3) (3.9) (3.4) (1.0) (0.5)
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Income (loss) from continuing
operations before income
taxes......................... 22.0 18.9 3.5 (16.3) 9.3 0.8 5.6
Provision for income taxes...... 8.0 6.7 1.1 0.3 2.3 0.2 1.4
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Income (loss) from continuing
operations.................... $ 14.0 $ 12.2 $ 2.4 $(16.6) $ 7.0 $ 0.6 $ 4.2
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Income (loss) per share from
continuing operations......... $ 0.78 $ 0.67 $ 0.13 $(0.90) $ 0.35 $ 0.03 $ 0.20
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Weighted average common and
dilutive common equivalent
shares........................ 17.9 18.0 18.6 18.5 19.7 18.9 20.8
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AT SEPTEMBER 30, 1993
AT JUNE 30, ---------------------
-------------------- AS
1992 1993 ACTUAL ADJUSTED(1)
------- ------- -------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents............................. $23.7 $52.4 $ 37.6 $88.4
Working capital....................................... 84.0 93.6 101.4 152.2
Total assets.......................................... 188.5 199.1 199.7 250.5
Notes payable and current portion of long-term debt... 5.0 6.5 2.6 2.6
Long-term debt........................................ 24.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
Stockholders' equity.................................. 103.0 114.1 120.0 170.8
</TABLE>
- ---------------
(1) As adjusted to give effect to the sale by the Company of 2,000,000 shares of
Common Stock offered hereby at an assumed public offering price of $27.00
per share.
4
<PAGE> 6
RISK FACTORS
POTENTIAL FLUCTUATIONS IN QUARTERLY RESULTS
The Company has experienced and expects to continue to experience
significant fluctuations in its quarterly operating results. The Company's
expense levels are based, in part, on expectations of future revenues. If
revenue levels in a particular quarter do not meet expectations, operating
results will be adversely affected, which may have an adverse impact on the
market price of the Company's Common Stock. Since in a typical quarter the
Company sells a relatively small number of high priced systems, the sale by the
Company of fewer systems than anticipated in any quarter may have a substantial
impact on the operating results for the quarter.
New product introductions may also contribute to fluctuations in quarterly
operating results, especially since customers may defer ordering products from
the Company's existing product lines. The Company's results also will be
affected by strategic decisions made by management regarding whether to continue
particular product lines, new product introductions by the Company's
competitors, the volume, mix and timing of orders received during a period,
fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, and changing conditions in both the
semiconductor industry and key semiconductor markets around the world.
VOLATILITY OF SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY
The Company's business depends in large part upon the capital expenditures
of semiconductor manufacturers, which in turn depend on the current and
anticipated market demand for integrated circuits and products utilizing
integrated circuits. The semiconductor industry is highly cyclical and has
historically experienced periodic downturns, which often have had a severe
effect on the semiconductor industry's demand for yield management and process
monitoring systems. Semiconductor industry downturns have adversely affected the
Company's results of operations. The Company believes that the depressed capital
expenditures by semiconductor manufacturers in Japan adversely affected the
Company's revenues and operating results in fiscal years 1991 and 1992. No
assurance can be given that revenues and operating results will not be adversely
affected by a downturn in the rate of capital investment in the semiconductor
industry. In addition, the need for continued investment in engineering,
research and development and extensive ongoing customer service and support
requirements worldwide will limit the Company's ability to reduce expenses in
response to any such downturn.
DEPENDENCE ON INTRODUCTION OF NEW PRODUCTS AND PRODUCT ENHANCEMENTS
The Company believes that its continued success will depend on its ability
to continuously develop and manufacture new products and product enhancements
and to introduce them into the market in response to demands for higher
performance yield management and process monitoring systems. Failure to develop
and introduce new products and product enhancements or to gain customers'
acceptance of such products in a timely fashion could harm the Company's
competitive position. Furthermore, due to the risks inherent in transitioning to
new products, the Company must accurately forecast demand in both volume and
configuration and also manage the transition from older products. If new
products have reliability or quality problems, reduced orders, higher
manufacturing costs, delays in collecting accounts receivable and additional
service and warranty expense may result. In the past, the Company has
experienced some reliability and quality problems in connection with product
introductions, resulting in some of these consequences. For example, during
fiscal 1993 and fiscal 1994 to date, delays in completing all features of the
KLA 331 caused a decline in RAPID's business as many customers waited for the
new model. Certain ease-of-use and performance enhancements to the KLA 331 which
are yet to be completed will be required before some customers will order
systems. The Company introduced several new products in fiscal 1993 and plans to
have introduced several new products in fiscal 1994. There can be no assurance
that the Company will successfully develop and manufacture new products, or that
new products introduced by the Company will be accepted in the marketplace. If
the Company does not successfully introduce new products, the Company's results
of operations will be materially adversely affected.
COMPETITION AND RAPID TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
The semiconductor equipment industry is highly competitive and is
characterized by rapidly advancing technology. In each of the markets it serves,
the Company faces competition and the threat of competition
5
<PAGE> 7
from established and potential competitors, some of which may have greater
financial, engineering, manufacturing and marketing resources than the Company.
Development of new technologies that have price/performance characteristics
superior to the Company's technologies could adversely affect the Company's
results of operations. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able
to develop and market new products successfully or that the products introduced
by others will not render the Company's products or technologies non-competitive
or obsolete. In addition, there can be no assurance that developments in the
semiconductor industry will occur at the rate or in the manner expected by the
Company. See "Business -- Competition."
LIMITED PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
The Company's success depends in part on its proprietary technology. While
the Company attempts to protect its proprietary technology through patents,
copyrights and trade secrets, it believes that its success will depend more upon
technological expertise, continuing development of new systems, market
penetration and installed base and the ability to provide comprehensive support
and service to customers. There can be no assurance that the Company will be
able to protect its technology or that competitors will not be able to develop
similar technology independently. The Company currently has a number of United
States and foreign patents and patent applications. There can be no assurance
that the claims allowed on any patents held by the Company will be sufficiently
broad to protect the Company's technology, or that any patents will issue from
any application pending or filed by the Company. In addition, there can be no
assurance that any patents issued to the Company will not be challenged,
invalidated or circumvented or that the rights granted thereunder will provide
competitive advantages to the Company.
The semiconductor industry is characterized by frequent litigation
regarding patent and other intellectual property rights. In addition, the
Company and its customers from time to time receive letters from third parties,
including some of the Company's competitors, alleging infringement of such
parties' rights by the Company's products. See "-- Notice of Patent Infringement
Received by Customers." Such letters are prevalent in the Company's industry and
there can be no assurance that the Company would prevail in any litigation
seeking damages or expenses from the Company or to enjoin the Company from
selling its products on the basis of such alleged infringement, or that the
Company would be able to license any valid and infringed patents held by third
parties on reasonable terms. In the event of litigation to determine the
validity of any third-party claims, such litigation could result in significant
expense to the Company or other adverse consequences to the Company and divert
the efforts of the Company's technical and management personnel, whether or not
such litigation is determined in favor of the Company.
NOTICE OF PATENT INFRINGEMENT RECEIVED BY CUSTOMERS
Some customers using certain products of the Company have received a notice
of infringement from Technivision Corporation and Jerome H. Lemelson, alleging
that equipment used in the manufacture of semiconductor products infringes
patents issued to Mr. Lemelson relating to "computer image analysis" or "digital
signal generation and analysis." Certain of these customers have notified the
Company that they may seek indemnification from the Company for any damages and
expenses resulting from this matter. Certain of the Company's customers are
engaged in litigation with Mr. Lemelson involving a number of Mr. Lemelson's
patents, and are challenging the validity of these patents and whether these
patents are infringed. It is possible that the Company's direct participation in
this litigation may be required. The Company is likely to incur costs if such
participation is required. Although management of the Company believes that this
matter will not have a material adverse effect on the Company, the Company
cannot predict the outcome of this or similar litigation or its effect upon the
Company.
DEPENDENCE ON JAPANESE MARKET
The future performance of the Company will be dependent, in part, upon its
ability to continue to compete successfully in the Japanese market, one of the
largest markets for yield management and process monitoring equipment. The
Company's ability to compete in this market in the future is dependent upon
continuing free trade between Japan and the United States in this industry, the
continuing ability of the Company to develop products in a timely manner that
meet the technical requirements of its Japanese customers, and the continuing
ability of the Company and its Japanese distributor, TEL, to maintain
satisfactory relationships with leading companies in the Japanese semiconductor
industry. The Company's sales to Japan will also be affected by the overall
health of the Japanese economy, which recently has been
6
<PAGE> 8
experiencing a downturn. In addition, any adverse developments in the Company's
relationship with TEL could adversely affect the Company's operating results.
Over the last two years, the Company significantly increased its customer
service organization in Japan in order to assume service and support
responsibilities from TEL.
IMPORTANCE OF INTERNATIONAL SALES
International sales accounted for 60%, 57% and 62% of the Company's net
sales for fiscal years 1991, 1992 and 1993, respectively. The Company expects
that international sales will continue to represent a significant percentage of
net sales. International sales and operations may be adversely affected by the
imposition of governmental controls, export license requirements, restrictions
on the export of technology, political instability, trade restrictions, changes
in tariffs and difficulties in staffing and managing international operations.
The net sales and earnings from the Company's international business may be
affected by fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Although the Company
attempts to manage near term currency risks through "hedging," there can be no
assurance that such efforts will be adequate in each case. These factors could
have a material adverse effect on the Company's future sales and operating
results.
DEPENDENCE ON KEY EMPLOYEES
The future success of the Company is dependent, in part, on its ability to
retain certain key personnel. The Company also needs to attract additional
skilled personnel in all areas of its business to continue to grow. Competition
for such personnel is intense. There can be no assurance that the Company will
be able to retain its existing key management, engineering, and sales personnel
or attract additional qualified employees in the future.
DEPENDENCE ON SUPPLIERS
Certain of the components and subassemblies included in the Company's
systems are obtained from a single source or a limited group of suppliers.
Although the Company seeks to reduce dependence on sole and limited source
suppliers in some cases, the partial or complete loss of certain of these
sources could have at least a temporary adverse effect on the Company's results
of operations and damage customer relationships.
POTENTIAL VOLATILITY OF COMMON STOCK PRICE
The market price of the Common Stock could be subject to significant
fluctuations in response to variations in quarterly operating results and other
factors such as announcements of technological innovations or new products by
the Company or by the Company's competitors, government regulations,
developments in patent or other proprietary rights, and developments in the
Company's relationships with parties to collaborative agreements. In addition,
the stock market has in recent years experienced significant price fluctuations.
These fluctuations often have been unrelated to the operating performance of the
specific companies whose stocks are traded. Broad market fluctuations, as well
as economic conditions generally and in the semiconductor industry specifically,
may adversely affect the market price of the Company's Common Stock.
POTENTIAL ANTI-TAKEOVER EFFECTS
Certain provisions of the Company's stockholder rights plan, its
Certificate of Incorporation and of Delaware law could discourage potential
acquisition proposals and could delay or prevent a change in control of the
Company. Such provisions could diminish the opportunities for a stockholder to
participate in tender offers, including tender offers at a price above the then
current market value of the Common Stock. Such provisions may also inhibit
increases in the market price of the Common Stock that could result from
takeover attempts. See "Description of Capital Stock." In addition, the Board of
Directors has the authority to issue up to 1,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock
and 1,000,000 shares of Junior Common Stock without any further vote or action
by the stockholders. The issuance of Preferred Stock or Junior Common Stock may
have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of the
Company without further action by the stockholders and could adversely affect
the rights and powers, including voting rights, of the holders of Common Stock.
Such effects could result in a decrease in the market price of the Company's
Common Stock.
7
<PAGE> 9
USE OF PROCEEDS
The net proceeds to be received by the Company from the sale of the Common
Stock offered hereby are estimated to be $50,800,000 ($58,495,000 if the
Underwriters' over-allotment option is exercised in full), assuming a public
offering price of $27.00 per share. The Company intends to use such net proceeds
for general corporate purposes. In addition, the Company may use a portion of
the net proceeds to acquire businesses, products or technologies complementary
to the Company's current businesses, although it has no such commitments and no
such acquisitions are currently being negotiated or planned. Pending such uses,
the net proceeds of this offering will be invested in short-term,
interest-bearing investments.
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth the short-term debt and capitalization of
the Company as of September 30, 1993, and as adjusted to give effect to the sale
by the Company of 2,000,000 shares of Common Stock offered hereby at an assumed
public offering price of $27.00 per share.
(IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AT SEPTEMBER 30, 1993
-------------------------
AS
ACTUAL ADJUSTED
-------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Short-term notes payable to banks.................................. $ 2,627 $ 2,627
-------- --------
-------- --------
Mortgage loan due August 1995...................................... $ 20,000 $ 20,000
-------- --------
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value, 1,000 shares authorized, none
outstanding................................................... -- --
Common Stock, $0.001 par value, 75,000 shares authorized(1),
19,657 shares issued and outstanding, and 21,657 shares issued
and outstanding, as adjusted.................................. 20 22
Capital in excess of par value................................... 66,317 117,115
Retained earnings................................................ 54,253 54,253
Treasury stock................................................... (581) (581)
Cumulative translation adjustment................................ 40 40
-------- --------
Total stockholders' equity:.............................. 120,049 170,849
-------- --------
Total capitalization..................................... $140,049 $190,849
-------- --------
-------- --------
</TABLE>
- ------------
(1) Of the Common Stock authorized at September 30, 1993, 3,468,000 shares of
Common Stock are reserved for issuance under the Company's stock option and
employee stock purchase plans, including 2,568,000 outstanding Common Stock
options at an average exercise price of $7.90 per share.
8
<PAGE> 10
PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK
The Common Stock of KLA has been traded in the over-the-counter market
under the symbol "KLAC" since KLA's initial public offering in October 1980. The
following table sets forth the range of high and low closing sale prices for the
Common Stock for the periods indicated, all as reported on The Nasdaq National
Market.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRICE RANGE OF
COMMON STOCK
---------------
HIGH LOW
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1992
First quarter...................................................... $12 7/8 $8 1/2
Second quarter..................................................... 11 1/8 8 1/2
Third quarter...................................................... 13 5/8 10 1/8
Fourth quarter..................................................... 10 1/2 8 1/4
YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1993
First quarter...................................................... 9 7 1/8
Second quarter..................................................... 12 1/4 7 3/4
Third quarter...................................................... 14 3/4 10 5/8
Fourth quarter..................................................... 19 1/2 11 1/4
YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1994
First quarter...................................................... 26 1/2 17
Second quarter..................................................... 28 19
Third quarter (through January 5, 1994)............................ 27 3/4 27
</TABLE>
On January 5, 1994, the closing price of KLA Common Stock as reported on
The Nasdaq National Market was $27.00 per share. As of September 30, 1993, there
were approximately 1,100 holders of record of the Common Stock.
KLA has never paid cash dividends on its Common Stock and does not
anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
9
<PAGE> 11
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The selected consolidated financial data presented below for, and as of the
end of, each of the years in the five-year period ended June 30, 1993, have been
derived from the consolidated financial statements of the Company, which have
been audited by Price Waterhouse, independent accountants. The selected
consolidated financial data presented below for each of the five fiscal quarters
ended September 30, 1993, have been derived from unaudited interim financial
information of the Company. In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim
financial information has been prepared on the same basis as the audited
consolidated financial statements and include all adjustments, consisting of
only normal recurring adjustments, necessary to state fairly the information set
forth therein. Such quarterly results are not necessarily indicative of future
results of operations. This data should be read in conjunction with the
consolidated financial statements, related notes and other financial information
appearing elsewhere herein and incorporated by reference into this Prospectus.
(IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
QUARTERS ENDED
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, SEPTEMBER 30,
------------------------------------------ ---------------
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1992 1993
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Statement of Operations Data:
Net sales............................ $157.8 $161.6 $148.4 $156.0 $167.2 $ 38.5 $ 51.9
Gross profit......................... 73.7 75.5 65.6 56.0 59.8 13.0 20.7
(% of net sales)................... 46.7% 46.7% 44.2% 35.9% 35.7% 33.7% 40.0%
Engineering, research and development
expense............................ 23.4 26.3 27.1 25.9 16.3 4.0 4.9
(% of net sales)................... 14.8% 16.2% 18.3% 16.6% 9.8% 10.4% 9.5%
Selling, general and administrative
expense............................ 28.3 31.5 33.5 35.5 32.7 7.5 9.9
(% of net sales)................... 17.9% 19.5% 22.6% 22.8% 19.6% 19.5% 19.1%
Restructuring charges (recovery)..... -- -- -- 8.2 (0.7) -- --
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Income (loss) from operations........ 22.0 17.7 5.0 (13.6) 11.5 1.5 5.9
(% of net sales)................... 14.0% 11.0% 3.4% (8.7%) 6.9% 3.8% 11.3%
Interest income and other, net....... 1.0 1.8 1.8 1.2 1.2 0.3 0.2
Interest expense..................... (1.0) (0.6) (3.3) (3.9) (3.4) (1.0) (0.5)
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Income (loss) from continuing
operations before income taxes..... 22.0 18.9 3.5 (16.3) 9.3 0.8 5.6
Provision for income taxes........... 8.0 6.7 1.1 0.3 2.3 0.2 1.4
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Income (loss) from continuing
operations......................... 14.0 12.2 2.4 (16.6) 7.0 0.6 4.2
Discontinued operations:
Loss from discontinued operations
of PCB business, net of tax..... (2.3) (2.8) (2.4) -- -- -- --
Recovery of (provision for) loss on
disposal of PCB business, net of
tax............................. -- -- (10.6) 2.8 -- -- --
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Net income (loss).................... $ 11.7 $ 9.4 $(10.6) $(13.8) $ 7.0 $ 0.6 $ 4.2
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Income (loss) per share from
continuing operations.............. $ 0.78 $ 0.67 $ 0.13 $(0.90) $ 0.35 $ 0.03 $ 0.20
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Net income (loss) per share.......... $ 0.65 $ 0.52 $(0.57) $(0.75) $ 0.35 $ 0.03 $ 0.20
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Weighted average common and dilutive
common equivalent shares
outstanding........................ 17.9 18.0 18.6 18.5 19.7 18.9 20.8
</TABLE>
10
<PAGE> 12
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA--(CONTINUED)
(IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AT JUNE 30, AT
------------------------------------------ SEPT. 30,
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1993
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents...................... $ 18.2 $ 32.3 $ 31.3 $ 23.7 $ 52.4 $ 37.6
Working capital................................ 84.2 99.2 91.1 84.0 93.6 101.4
Total assets................................... 160.8 179.3 198.0 188.5 199.1 199.7
Notes payable and current portion of long-term
debt......................................... 6.7 3.6 4.4 5.0 6.5 2.6
Long-term debt................................. -- -- 24.0 24.0 20.0 20.0
Stockholders' equity........................... 111.0 122.1 113.2 103.0 114.1 120.0
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
QUARTERS ENDED,
------------------------------------------------
SEPT. DEC.
30, 31, MARCH 31, JUNE 30, SEPT. 30,
1992 1992 1993 1993 1993
-------- ------- --------- -------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Quarterly Statement of Operations Data:
Net sales....................................... $ 38.5 $38.7 $42.2 $ 47.9 $51.9
Gross profit.................................... 13.0 13.6 15.6 17.6 20.7
Restructuring charges (recovery)................ -- (0.7) -- -- --
Income (loss) from continuing operations........ $ 0.6 $ 1.4 $ 1.9 $ 3.1 $ 4.2
-------- ------- --------- -------- ---------
-------- ------- --------- -------- ---------
Income (loss) per share from continuing
operations.................................... $ 0.03 $0.07 $0.10 $ 0.15 $0.20
-------- ------- --------- -------- ---------
-------- ------- --------- -------- ---------
</TABLE>
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
ANNUAL RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Fiscal 1993 marked the beginning of a profit recovery at KLA. Development
programs were finished or approached completion in the major operating business
units. Bookings grew as customers were able to evaluate these new generations of
products. Revenues and gross profits increased in each quarter throughout the
year, despite high start-up costs which affected the gross margin percentage.
The restructuring measures taken in fiscal 1992 were effective in reducing
operating costs. As a result of the new product introductions, the reduction in
the related engineering, research and development expenses, and tighter cost
controls, the financial performance of the Company has begun a recovery which
the Company believes will exceed previous achievements.
The new product introductions were widely anticipated, and the early
customer evaluations were successful in generating new orders which were 19%
higher than the prior year. The WISARD business unit's new 2100 family of
process monitors was particularly well received in the semiconductor industry
because the manufacturers were able to increase their production yields by using
these systems. During the year, many customers increased the number of units
employed per fabrication facility. This strength in new orders for the KLA 2100,
aided by the demand for the higher priced KLA 2130, was the primary reason for
the substantial increase in backlog from $35 million at June 30, 1992 to $52
million at June 30, 1993.
Sales increased 7% to $167 million in fiscal 1993 compared with a 5%
increase and an 8% decrease in fiscal 1992 and 1991, respectively. The sales
increase in fiscal 1993 was primarily attributable to the KLA 2100 series, but
metrology and prober sales were also higher than the previous year, offsetting
declines in the RAPID business unit. During fiscal 1993 RAPID switched from the
previous KLA 210 series to the new KLA 331 series of reticle inspection
equipment. Delays in completing all features of the new product caused a decline
in RAPID's business as many customers waited for the new model. RAPID's business
also was affected by lower industry spending levels in fiscal 1993. The increase
in sales in fiscal 1992 resulted primarily
11
<PAGE> 13
from a significant increase in unit shipments at the WISARD business unit as a
result of the successful introduction of several new products; these increases
were partially offset by a decline in sales in the RAPID business unit. The
sales decline in fiscal 1991 was largely caused by the product changeover at
WISARD from the older KLA 2020 family to the newer KLA 2100 family.
International sales have averaged about 60% of sales for several years. The
actual percentages were 60%, 57% and 62% in fiscal years 1991, 1992 and 1993,
respectively. The higher international percent in fiscal 1993 occurred because
KLA's Korean business was very strong, partially offset by some weakness in
Japan. The lower proportion of international sales in fiscal 1992 occurred
because the U.S. semiconductor industry recovery was beginning and Japan was
beginning to slow.
Gross margins were significantly below the Company's historical levels
during both fiscal years 1992 and 1993. The Company's gross margin for each of
these years was 36% compared with 44% in fiscal 1991. The margins in both fiscal
years 1992 and 1993 were adversely affected by new product introductions. In
fiscal 1992, it was the introduction and ramp-up of the first models of the 2100
series. In fiscal 1993, it was the changeover and introduction of the KLA 331
which reduced the gross margins. Normally, new product introductions require the
change of certain, but not all, of the subsystems. However, in each of these
cases, the products' changeovers involved complete changes in the chassis, the
system architecture, and every subsystem. This was the first time in the
Company's history that such complete changeovers were implemented. These
changeovers involved a high degree of scrap, rework, extra costs and start-up
costs on a scale which would not usually be the case in a normal new product
introduction. Gross margins during the last two years also were affected by the
unusually high costs of providing service in Japan during the long transition of
the responsibilities of those services to KLA from the Company's distributor. As
these product and service transitions are completed, the Company expects a
gradual improvement in gross margin percentages during the next fiscal year.
Engineering, research and development costs declined sharply in fiscal 1993
compared with the prior years. This decline was the natural result of completing
the development programs described above. In order to complete these programs in
time for the present industry expansion, KLA had stepped up engineering,
research and development spending to $32 million and $33 million, or 22% and 21%
of sales in fiscal 1991 and 1992, respectively. However, with the winding down
of the intensive part of these programs, the spending dropped to $24 million, or
14% of sales, in fiscal 1993.
KLA typically receives some external funding from customers, from industry
groups, and from government sources to augment its engineering, research and
development efforts. In addition, KLA capitalizes some software development
costs. Although the timing and the level of these external funds cannot be
predicted, the level of such funding and capitalization has been approximately
4% of sales for each of the last three years. The Company reports engineering,
research and development expense net of this funding and capitalization. Thus,
recorded amounts for engineering, research and development expense were 18%, 17%
and 10% of sales in fiscal 1991, 1992 and 1993, respectively.
Selling, general and administrative costs were 23%, 23% and 20% of sales in
fiscal years 1991, 1992 and 1993, respectively. The reduction in fiscal 1993
resulted from the restructuring actions and the reduction in head count taken at
the end of fiscal 1992. The increase in absolute dollars during fiscal 1992 was
due to higher commissions worldwide and compensation costs in Japan as staffing
increased in anticipation of taking over field service from the Company's
Japanese distributor.
Interest expense decreased in fiscal 1993 as compared to fiscal 1992 due to
the combination of lower interest rates and the reduction of notes payable.
Interest expense increased in fiscal 1992 largely due to the addition of $24
million in mortgages in August 1990 to finance the acquisition of the Company's
principal facility.
Effective July 1, 1992, the Company adopted Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards No. 109 (FAS 109) "Accounting for Income Taxes." The
adoption of FAS 109 changes the Company's method of accounting for income taxes
from the deferred method (APB 11) to an asset and liability approach.
Previously, the Company deferred the tax effects of timing differences between
financial reporting and taxable
12
<PAGE> 14
income. The asset and liability approach requires the recognition of deferred
tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of temporary
differences between the carrying amounts and the tax bases of other assets and
liabilities. Adoption of FAS 109 did not have a significant effect on the
consolidated financial statements.
The deferred tax assets valuation allowance at both July 1, 1992 and June
30, 1993 is attributed to U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets. Management
believes sufficient uncertainty exists regarding the realizability of these
items such that a full valuation allowance has been recorded at both the
beginning and end of the year. During fiscal 1993, the Company realized $0.4
million of deferred tax assets reserved at the beginning of the year, reducing
the valuation allowance by a corresponding amount. In accordance with FAS 109,
the valuation allowance is allocated pro rata to federal and state current and
non-current deferred tax assets. Net deferred tax liabilities at July 1, 1992
and June 30, 1993 relate principally to foreign operations.
The provision for income taxes on pretax income (loss) from continuing
operations was 31%, 2% and 25% in fiscal 1991, 1992 and 1993, respectively. In
fiscal 1993, the income tax rate was lower than the statutory U.S. tax rate
primarily as a result of tax holidays in certain foreign countries which
resulted in lower net foreign tax rates, and to a lesser extent, the realization
of deferred tax assets previously reserved. In fiscal 1992, the income tax
provision of 2% on pretax loss was due primarily to limited loss carryback
availability in the United States, combined with the effect of foreign income
taxes on the Company's European and Asian operations.
FIRST QUARTER RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Net sales rose 35% in the first quarter of fiscal 1994 compared to the
year-earlier period. All product divisions recorded increases in sales. The
largest increase was in the WISARD business unit where unit volumes rose based
on strong demand for 2100 series products for in-line monitoring. RAPID and ATS
also recorded sales increases, partially offset by a small decrease in field
service revenues.
Gross margin was 40% in the first quarter of fiscal 1994 versus 34% in the
comparable year-earlier period. This improvement was attributable to a rise in
gross margin in the WISARD business unit where efficiencies were realized as
unit volumes rose and the production process became increasingly stable.
Improvement in manufacturing efficiencies in the RAPID product line also
contributed to the higher gross margin.
Engineering, research and development expenses were 9.5% of net sales in
the first quarter of fiscal 1994 versus 10.4% in the year-earlier period. Total
engineering expenditures in the first quarter of fiscal 1994 were about equal to
such expenditures for the year-earlier period, however, the amounts of external
customer funding and of capitalized software were less than the corresponding
amounts in the year-earlier period.
Selling, general and administrative expenses were 19.1% of net sales in the
first quarter of fiscal 1994 versus 19.5% in the prior year's comparable
quarter. Spending rose primarily in the applications engineering and marketing
areas, but this was matched by a comparable percentage increase in net sales.
The 25% effective tax rate for the first quarters of both fiscal 1993 and
1994 results from income in foreign jurisdictions having a lower than U.S. tax
rate, and from realization of deferred tax assets previously reserved.
SECOND QUARTER RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Net sales for the second quarter ended December 31, 1993, were $57,087,000,
an increase of 48% over net sales for the year earlier period. New orders during
the second quarter increased 40% from the first quarter of fiscal 1994. New
orders were particularly strong in the wafer inspection unit, where demand for
the 2100 series of in-line inspection monitors reflected the increasing number
of fabrication facilities which employed multiple KLA systems.
Gross margin was 43% in the second quarter compared with 40% in the first
quarter of fiscal 1994 and 35% for the second quarter of fiscal 1993. The
increase was due to manufacturing efficiencies resulting from increased
production of wafer inspection systems and improved results in the customer
service division.
13
<PAGE> 15
Income for the second quarter was $6,292,000 compared with $1,369,000 for
the second quarter in the prior year. Income per share for the second quarter
was $0.30, compared with $0.07 for the second quarter in the prior year.
RESTRUCTURING CHARGE AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
In fiscal 1992, the Company recorded an $8.2 million restructuring charge
as a result of downsizing its work force and eliminating one corporate facility,
as well as redefining certain product strategies, including discontinuing the
emission microscope product (EMMI) line. During the second quarter of fiscal
1993, the Company sold the EMMI product line and realized a recovery of $0.7
million of the provision recorded in fiscal 1992.
In fiscal 1991, the Company decided to divest its printed circuit board
(PCB) inspection business and recorded a $15 million pretax charge as a result.
In fiscal 1992, the Company entered into an agreement to sell substantially all
of the assets and related technology of the PCB business for approximately $4.3
million plus future royalties, resulting in a $2.8 million recovery of the
fiscal 1991 provision. The Company's statement of operations segregates the PCB
business from continuing operations.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Cash and cash equivalents increased 121% or $29 million in fiscal 1993. The
Company generated $30 million of cash from continuing operations in fiscal 1993,
including $6 million from inventory decreases, $7 million from net income, and
$10 million from depreciation and amortization. Cash and cash equivalents
decreased by $15 million in the first quarter of fiscal 1994. This decrease was
attributable primarily to an increase in accounts receivable of $16.9 million in
the first quarter of fiscal 1994.
Capital expenditures totaled approximately $3 million in 1993. The Company
expects capital expenditures in fiscal 1994 to be less than depreciation and
amortization charges. Sales of the Company's Common Stock through stock plans
generated $6 million of cash in fiscal 1993.
The Company currently has a $15 million multicurrency line of credit
through March 31, 1994. Borrowings under this line of credit were $1.5 million
at September 30, 1993. The Company's operations worldwide borrow under this line
of credit from time to time for short-term cash management purposes. In
addition, certain of the Company's foreign subsidiaries had local currency
borrowings of approximately $1.1 million at September 30, 1993. The Company
repaid a $4 million mortgage in August 1993. The Company also has a $20 million
mortgage loan which is due in August 1995; effective August 1993, the interest
rate on the $20 million mortgage loan was reduced from 10.3% to 5.4%.
The Company believes that its existing capital resources are adequate to
fund the Company's operations through at least fiscal 1995.
BUSINESS RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES
The Company's future results will depend on its ability to continuously
introduce new products and enhancements to its customers as demands for higher
performance yield management and process control systems change or increase. Due
to the risks inherent in transitioning to new products, the Company must
accurately forecast demand in both volume and configuration and also manage the
transition from older products. The Company's results could be affected by the
ability of competitors to introduce new products which have technological and/or
pricing advantages. The Company's results also will be affected by strategic
decisions made by management regarding whether to continue particular product
lines, and by volume, mix and timing of orders received during a period,
fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, and changing conditions in both the
semiconductor industry and key semiconductor markets around the world. As a
result, the Company's operating results may fluctuate, especially when measured
on a quarterly basis.
14
<PAGE> 16
BUSINESS
INTRODUCTION
KLA is the leader in the design, manufacture, marketing and service of
yield management and process monitoring systems for the semiconductor industry.
KLA believes that it is the world's largest supplier to the wafer and reticle
inspection equipment markets. The Company sells to virtually all of the world's
semiconductor manufacturers and has achieved very high market shares in its
principal businesses. KLA's systems are used to analyze product and process
quality at critical steps in the manufacture of integrated circuits, providing
feedback so that fabrication problems can be identified, addressed and
contained. This understanding of defect sources and how to contain them enables
semiconductor manufacturers to increase yields. Quickly attaining and then
maintaining high yields is one of the most important determinants of
profitability in the semiconductor industry. The Company believes that its
customers typically experience rapid paybacks on their investments in the
Company's systems.
The growing complexity of semiconductor devices, including shrinking
feature dimensions, has substantially increased the cost to manufacture
semiconductors, making yield loss more expensive. This trend has increased
semiconductor manufacturers' demand for systems which permit the detection and
containment of process problems. The sensitivity of fabrication yields to defect
densities increases as devices become more complex. Further, the escalating
capital investments necessary for the construction of semiconductor fabrication
facilities heighten manufacturers' need for yield enhancing systems which can
leverage their returns on these investments.
Several years ago, the Company recognized the industry's need for in-line
monitoring to provide real-time process management capability. In response, the
Company devoted substantial resources to developing systems with the throughput,
reliability and associated data analysis capabilities for in-process inspection.
During the past year, customers' use of the Company's wafer inspection systems
began evolving from single system, off-line engineering analysis applications to
multiple systems monitoring critical steps directly on advanced fabrication
lines. Positive customer evaluation of the Company's in-line production
monitoring systems led to record order levels for the Company's 1993 fiscal year
and its 1994 fiscal year to date. The Company believes that the potential market
for in-line monitoring systems is several times larger than its traditional
market for engineering analysis systems.
YIELD MANAGEMENT
Maximizing yields, or the number of good die per wafer, is a key goal of
modern semiconductor manufacturing. Higher yields increase the revenue a
manufacturer can obtain for each semiconductor wafer processed. As line width
geometries decrease, yields become more sensitive to the size and density of
defects. For example, an average of 0.1 fatal defects per square centimeter will
allow a yield of 60% for a 4 Mbit DRAM, but only 5% for a 64 Mbit DRAM.
Semiconductor manufacturers use yield management and process monitoring systems
to improve yields by identifying defects, by analyzing them to determine process
problems, and, after corrective action has been taken, by monitoring subsequent
results to ensure that the problem has been contained. Monitoring and analysis
may take place at many points in the fabrication process as wafers move through
a production cycle consisting of hundreds of separate process steps.
Semiconductor factories are increasingly expensive to build and equip. The
Company believes that the average cost of building and equipping a new
semiconductor factory increased several fold over the last few years and that
the next generation of factories is expected to cost $1 billion or more. Yield
management and process monitoring systems, which typically represent a fraction
of the total investment required to build and equip a fabrication facility,
enable integrated circuit manufacturers to leverage these expensive facilities
and improve their returns on investment.
The most significant opportunities for yield improvement generally occur
when production is started at new factories and when new products are first
built. Equipment that helps a manufacturer to increase yields quickly when
products are new enables the manufacturer to offer products in volume at the
time when they are likely to generate the greatest profits.
15
<PAGE> 17
The following are some of the methods used to manage yield; they all
require the capture and analysis of data gathered through many measurements:
- Engineering analysis is performed off the manufacturing line to identify
and analyze defect sources. Engineering analysis equipment operates with very
high sensitivity to enable comprehensive analysis of reticles and wafers.
Because they operate off-line, engineering analysis systems do not require high
speeds of operation.
- In-line monitoring is used to review the status of circuits during
production steps. Information generated is used to determine whether the
fabrication process steps are within required tolerances and to make any
necessary process adjustments in real time before wafer lots move to subsequent
process stations. Because the information is needed quickly to be of greatest
value, in-line monitoring requires both high throughput and high sensitivity.
- Pass/fail tests are used at several steps in the manufacturing process to
evaluate products. For example, a pass/fail test is used to determine whether
reticles used in photolithography are defect-free; electrical pass/fail testing
is performed at the end of the manufacturing process to determine whether
products meet performance specifications.
KLA STRATEGY
KLA is the premier supplier of yield management and process monitoring
systems to the semiconductor manufacturing industry. Key elements of KLA's
strategy are as follows:
- Leadership in Yield Management. The Company believes that yield
management requires both the ability to identify defects and the ability to
use defect data: (i) to recognize patterns which reveal process problems;
and (ii) to resolve and contain process flaws which are causing reduced
yields. The Company has developed yield management solutions that consist
of sophisticated defect detection sensors located at key steps in the
production process, as well as analysis stations with relational database
software that enable isolation of defect sources, identification of problem
causes and implementation of corrective action.
The Company believes that its world-wide organization of more than 30
applications engineers provides an important competitive advantage. These
applications engineers serve as yield management consultants to the
Company's customers, assisting in applying KLA's systems to accelerate
yield improvement and achieve real-time process control.
- Development of In-Line Monitoring Market. KLA has introduced a
family of wafer inspection systems with the wafer throughput and
sensitivity necessary for in-line monitoring. Prior to the introduction of
KLA's 2100 series, no suppliers' products were capable of both the speed
and the sensitivity needed for in-line inspection for all defect types at
critical process steps. In-line inspection is a critical yield enhancement
and cost reduction technique because it allows defect detection in real
time rather than waiting until after final test results become available to
discover problems that have a significant yield impact. As a result of
these advantages, the Company believes that its customers will install
multiple systems directly monitoring critical steps in the integrated
circuit manufacturing process.
- Technology Leadership. The Company believes that it is the
technological leader in integrated circuit yield management and process
control monitoring. To maintain its leadership position, KLA is committed
to state-of-the-art multidisciplinary technologies. See "-- Technology."
The Company's long range objective is to develop an integrated yield
management network which spans the semiconductor fabrication process.
16
<PAGE> 18
YIELD MANAGEMENT AND PROCESS MONITORING SYSTEMS
KLA's systems are developed to work together to offer its customers not
just tools, but integrated yield management solutions. KLA offers inspection
systems for key steps in the semiconductor manufacturing process and analysis
systems comprised of database management hardware and software to translate raw
inspection data into patterns which reveal process problems. The Company's wafer
inspection and metrology systems are used for engineering analysis and in-line
monitoring, and its reticle inspection systems and wafer probers are used for
pass/fail tests.
WISARD -- WAFER INSPECTION SYSTEMS. KLA's WISARD business unit created the
market for automated inspection of semiconductor wafers with the introduction of
the KLA 2000 series over nine years ago. KLA continues to have a predominant
market share with its current generation of wafer inspection systems, the 2100
series. KLA has on order or installed approximately 140 of the 2100 series
systems since it shipped the first systems three years ago.
KLA's 2100 series, combined with a dedicated defect data gathering and
analysis workstation, the KLA 2550, and an off-line Review Station, the KLA
2608, provide semiconductor manufacturers with a yield management system
sensitive enough for engineering analysis and fast enough for in-line monitoring
of the semiconductor manufacturing process. The 2100 series of inspection
systems offers an increase in inspection speed of up to 2,000 times over that of
KLA's original wafer inspection system. This marked increase in speed and
sensitivity allows customers to obtain very prompt feedback on process status by
placing wafer inspection systems on the production line.
The selection of the technology architecture for the 2100 series was made
to allow the base unit to support a family of products capable of performance
enhancements through upgrades of various subsystems. The first model, the KLA
2110, was introduced in 1991 with sufficient speed and sensitivity to enable
in-line inspection of repeating arrays typical in memory devices. One year
later, in 1992, KLA introduced a new repeating array model, the KLA 2111, which
operates at up to five times the speed of the KLA 2110 and has improved
sensitivity.
Shortly thereafter in 1992, KLA introduced the KLA 2130 which is capable of
"all pattern" inspection required for microprocessors and other logic devices as
well as both the logic and repeating array portions of memory devices. In late
1993, KLA introduced the new KLA 2131 model for all pattern inspection which
operates at up to twice the speed of the KLA 2130 and with higher sensitivity.
The Company believes that there are further opportunities to expand the 2100
series family of systems and has several new models under development.
To manage defect data, KLA offers the KLA 2551 Analysis Station, a
multi-user work station using a relational database for storing defect
coordinates and digitized images. Defect analysis and image review operates
through a Windows(TM)-based interface. The KLA 2551 incorporates an open
architecture which consolidates data from inspection systems, review stations,
wafer sort electrical testers, host computers, and scanning electron microscopes
(SEMs). The data analysis software provides statistical process control reports,
defect source analysis, and automated correlation of in-line process defects to
bit failures. The graphical software combines both data and images to produce
wafer maps, trend charts, and video review. When coupled with an optional remote
terminal, the KLA 2551 permits process engineers in remote locations to link to
the database of defect records and images to perform further analyses or compare
data from different wafer fabrication facilities.
The KLA 2608 Review Station provides a platform for reviewing and
classifying defects detected on KLA and non-KLA wafer inspection systems. An
operator may append classification codes to the defect record, a record which
also includes wafer number, die coordinates, defect location, and defect size.
The average selling prices of KLA's 2100 series of wafer inspection systems
range from approximately $1 million to approximately $2 million.
RAPID -- RETICLE INSPECTION SYSTEMS. RAPID, KLA's first business unit,
created the market for automated inspection of reticles and photomasks for the
semiconductor manufacturing industry over 15 years
17
<PAGE> 19
ago, and continues to have a predominant market share. KLA has delivered over
700 reticle and photomask inspection systems worldwide.
During photolithography, a stepper projects a circuit pattern from a
reticle onto a wafer. Error-free reticles are the first step in ensuring high
yields in the manufacturing process because defects in reticles can translate
into millions of ruined die.
In 1992, KLA introduced its new generation of reticle inspection systems,
the 300 series. The new KLA 301 Reticle Inspection System and the KLA 30
Reference Data Computer together form the KLA 331 Inspection System which
represents a major advance in speed, sensitivity and flexibility. The KLA 331
offers the highest inspection sensitivity available in the marketplace, which
the Company believes is vital to meet reticle inspection requirements for
today's more complex microprocessors and larger DRAMs. To maintain throughput
while inspecting at such high sensitivity, a fully configured KLA 331-4
incorporates a proprietary parallel image processing computer running at up to
72 billion instructions per second (72,000 MIPS).
This dedicated image processor employs a flexible system architecture which
permits future upgrades and enhancements through software, rather than hardware
changes. Further, the KLA 331's optics include a rotating telescope turret to
provide three sensitivities in one system. The KLA 331 offers flexibility for
users who need a versatile inspection system to address the inspection needs of
both the most demanding and the more routine semiconductor manufacturing
processes. Users may select lower sensitivity inspections in return for higher
throughput.
The KLA 331 incorporates a reference database generator and data
preparation system which gives full die-to-database functionality to the
inspection, permitting reticle inspection against the ideal schematic as
specified by the user's circuit design CAD program. In addition, to meet
customers' production throughput requirements, the KLA 331 may be equipped with
a variety of options to provide automatic set-up, unattended inspection, and
categorized results storage.
During fiscal 1993 and fiscal 1994 to date, delays in completing all
features of the KLA 331 systems caused a decline in RAPID's business as many
customers waited for the new model. Certain ease-of-use and performance
enhancements to the KLA 331 which are yet to be completed will be required
before some customers will order systems.
The average selling prices of KLA's 331 inspection systems range from
approximately $1.7 million to approximately $2.6 million.
METROLOGY -- OVERLAY INSPECTION AND CRITICAL DIMENSION MEASUREMENT
SYSTEMS. Lithography for sub-micron semiconductor fabrication requires
increasingly stringent overlay registration and critical dimension tolerances.
In particular, decreasing line widths, larger die sizes, and additional layers
have made overlay registration errors a crucial cause of yield loss. To address
these challenges, KLA offers the KLA 5000 series metrology systems: the 5011 for
overlay registration; and the 5015 for both overlay registration and critical
dimension measurement. KLA estimates that during its fiscal 1993 and its fiscal
1994 to date, it had the leading share in the worldwide market for overlay
registration systems.
The KLA 5000 series uses a patented coherence probe microscopy technology
which permits fast autofocus and precision critical dimension measurements.
Applying its expertise in digital image processing, KLA has developed
sophisticated algorithms for process-tolerant measurement. With coherence probe
microscopy, the system scans the image-forming coherence region through the
wafer plane, only gathering information from in-focus surfaces. As a result,
measurements are more tolerant of process and substrate reflectivity variations
than those from ordinary optical systems.
The precision measurements from the KLA 5000 series identify the magnitude
and direction of overlay registration errors arising from the stepping process
and from optical distortion inherent in the stepper lens. Based upon these
measurements, users can fine-tune the stepper program to compensate for process
errors.
The average selling prices of KLA's metrology systems for the semiconductor
industry range from approximately $300,000 to approximately $550,000.
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<PAGE> 20
The disk drive manufacturing industry is an emerging market for KLA's
metrology systems. Disk drive manufacturers use a semiconductor photolithography
process to produce thin film heads. The Company's coherence probe technology is
particularly well-suited to handle the complex topography characteristics
encountered in the thin film head process. The Company believes that its
solution to these requirements has allowed it to achieve the major share of the
thin film head metrology market.
WAFER PROBING SYSTEMS. The ATS division sells and services a family of
automated wafer probers and network controllers which position individual
semiconductor devices still in wafer form under electrical test probes. The
probers work in conjunction with electronic parametric and functional testers to
perform fully automated tests of the performance of completed die before the
wafers are diced and packaged. The electrical test procedure also identifies
failed die, classifies die by performance and generates a database of test
results for use in process control.
KLA develops, manufactures and markets these products in cooperation with
TEL. KLA develops and manufactures the prober's image processing electronics and
optical subsystems. TEL manufactures the prober's mechanical chassis and
incorporates the KLA electronics and subsystems. The ATS division sells the
integrated prober systems in the United States and Europe with its own control
software and custom interfaces. TEL sells and services the integrated prober
systems in Japan and the rest of Asia.
To enable multiple probers on the test floor to communicate with each other
and with the customer's host computer, ATS developed the KLA Navigator network
software ("Navigator"). Navigator increases test floor efficiency by enabling
off-line set-up and editing of prober operations as well as by providing data
analysis and network communications. Navigator uses test results to generate
real-time reports of yields for each lot and to provide analysis which augments
the results of wafer defect and metrology inspections to identify process
problems.
The WATCHER division develops the image processing subsystems used in ATS'
and TEL's wafer prober systems. This image processing computer performs a number
of steps: (i) optical character recognition (OCR) to identify the wafer; (ii)
precise wafer alignment and positioning to the probe head; and (iii) probe
process inspection to monitor prober performance.
The average selling prices of KLA's basic wafer prober systems range from
approximately $150,000 to approximately $350,000.
SEMSPEC -- SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE INSPECTION SYSTEMS. As feature
sizes of semiconductor circuits continue to decrease for leading edge
semiconductor products, the Company believes that conventional optical
technologies ultimately will begin to reach physical limits imposed by the
wavelength of light and fail to provide the necessary inspection resolution.
Working closely with those customers with the most advanced inspection
requirements, KLA has developed the world's only fully automatic electron beam
inspection systems. These systems, comprised of the world's fastest scanning
electron-optical column and a high speed image computer, are used for reticle
and wafer inspection. The development of these systems was funded in part by
customer-sponsored research and development programs. KLA has sold four of these
systems to customers. KLA expects the market for these inspection systems to
emerge slowly.
KLA ACROTEC LTD. The Company has an 8% equity investment, with an option
to purchase a controlling interest, in KLA Acrotec, a Japanese company that
develops optical systems that inspect flat panel displays utilizing technology
developed by the Company. The Company has a research and development agreement
with KLA Acrotec to provide research, development and engineering, on a best
efforts cost reimbursement basis. In addition, the Company temporarily
manufactures for KLA Acrotec on a contract basis. The Company believes that KLA
Acrotec is the leading supplier of flat screen inspection systems.
CUSTOMERS
The Company believes that it is one of the few suppliers which sells its
systems to virtually all of the world's semiconductor manufacturers. In fiscal
1991 and 1992, no single customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company's
revenues. During fiscal 1993, Motorola accounted for approximately 11% of the
Company's revenues.
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Set forth below is a list of some of the Company's customers:
AMD
AT&T
Bosch
Canon
Cypress
Digital Equipment
DNP Micro
Du Pont
Fujitsu
Goldstar
Hewlett-Packard
Hitachi
Hoya
Hyundai
IBM
IDT
Intel
Matsushita
Micron
Mitsubishi
Motorola
National Semiconductor
NEC
NKK
Nippon Denso
NTT
Oki
Photronics
Ricoh
Rockwell
Rohm
Samsung
STM
Sharp
Siemens
Sony
TEL
Texas Instruments
Toppan
Toshiba
TSMC
UMC
SALES, SERVICE AND MARKETING
The Company sells products through a combination of direct sales and
distribution channels. The Company believes that the size and location of its
field sales, service and applications engineering organization represents a
significant competitive advantage in its served markets. In the United States
and Europe, the Company has a direct sales force located in major geographical
markets. Sales, service and applications facilities throughout the world employ
over 350 sales, service and applications engineers.
In Japan, the Company sells systems for the semiconductor market through
TEL, the leading distributor of semiconductor equipment in Japan. TEL has been
the Company's distributor to the Japanese semiconductor market since 1978. The
sales effort in Japan is supported by KLA Japan, which provides marketing,
applications support, technical support and service to Japanese customers. Over
the last two years, the Company significantly increased its customer service
organization in Japan in order to assume service and support responsibilities
from TEL. KLA Japan has approximately 75 local employees and occupies facilities
at Tachikawa and Osaka.
In Korea and Taiwan, the Company sells its systems through local sales
representatives. The sales, service and applications activities are supported by
approximately 20 Korean employees and by approximately 10 Taiwanese employees in
the respective countries.
TECHNOLOGY
KLA's inspection and metrology systems precisely capture trillions of
features on wafers and reticles that are as small as 10 millionths of an inch on
a side and analyze each of these features for possible defects through the use
of the following technologies:
Image Acquisition. KLA's systems acquire images of sub-micron features on
wafers and reticles. The quality and brightness of the images greatly influence
the speed and sensitivity of the final inspection system. KLA has developed a
wide range of optical imaging systems, such as laser scanners, interference
microscope systems, and conventional white light and deep UV optical systems. To
satisfy the future sensitivity requirements of X-ray lithography, KLA has
already developed an electron beam system which incorporates the world's fastest
scanning electron-optical column.
Image Conversion. The Company's equipment converts the photon or electron
image to an electronic digital format. KLA has pioneered the use of
time-delay-integration sensors that convert as many as 100 million pixels
(points of light) to 256 gray scale images each second. KLA also utilizes other
image conversion technologies such as avalanche diode detectors, photo
multiplier systems, and fixed frame pickups.
Precision Mechanics. In the most common configuration of an inspection
system, the reticle or the wafer is moved at a constant speed through the field
of the imaging system. Since areas of interest are as small
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<PAGE> 22
as 5 millionths of an inch, and vibrations in the scanning system of one-tenth
of the area of interest can degrade system performance, the mechanical stage
must be extremely smooth and precise. To address these requirements, KLA has
eight years experience in the design and manufacture of air-bearing linear drive
stages.
Proprietary Algorithms. To perform the inspection or measurement task, the
Company's equipment examines the properties of the digitized images using a set
of logical steps (algorithms) which measure the desired image property. KLA's
engineers develop sets of algorithms that are specifically tailored to obtain
optimum performance for its wafer, reticle and metrology systems. These
algorithms are largely responsible for the state-of-the-art performance of KLA's
systems.
Image Computers. The combination of proprietary algorithms and special
purpose computers allows KLA's equipment to have a high performance to cost
ratio. While general purpose computers are capable of executing KLA's
algorithms, very few computer architectures can sustain the computing speed that
is required in KLA's systems (as high as 72,000 MIPS). To address this
requirement, KLA develops and builds special purpose image computers designed to
execute its algorithms.
Database Analysis. Many of the inspections that KLA systems perform
require a digital representation of the aerial image from the circuit design
data. This capability allows inspection systems to compare the actual circuit
with its design specifications. KLA has been developing database systems for
over 14 years to satisfy this objective. Its present generation of special
purpose database computers is capable of generating simulated images at the same
high speeds at which KLA's image conversion systems generate the digital image
from the actual image.
Statistical Process Control. Integrated circuit yield management and
process monitoring systems generate hundreds of thousands of data items each
day. To enhance the utility of these data, KLA has a team of software engineers
who build systems containing statistical process control software to simplify
data and present these data in a useful manner. KLA is continuing to work on new
software, including expert systems, to enhance its statistical process control
systems.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
The market for yield management and process monitoring systems is
characterized by rapid technological development and product innovation. The
Company believes that continued and timely development of new products and
enhancements to existing products are necessary to maintain its competitive
position. Accordingly, the Company devotes a significant portion of its
personnel and financial resources to research and development programs and seeks
to maintain close relationships with customers to remain responsive to their
needs.
Engineering, research and development costs declined sharply in fiscal 1993
compared with prior years. This decline was the result of completing the
development programs required for the introduction of the 2100 series and 300
series of products, which for the first time in the Company's history involved
complete changes in the chassis, system architecture and every subsystem. See
"-- Yield Management and Process Monitoring Systems." In order to complete these
programs in time for the present industry expansion, KLA had stepped up
engineering, research and development spending to $32 million and $33 million,
or 22% and 21% of sales in fiscal 1991 and 1992, respectively. However, with the
winding down of the intensive part of these programs, engineering, research and
development expenditures dropped to $24 million, or 14% of sales, in fiscal
1993.
KLA typically receives some external funding from customers, from industry
groups, and from government sources to augment its engineering, research and
development efforts. In addition, KLA capitalizes some software development
costs. Although the timing and the level of these external funds cannot be
predicted, the level of such funding and capitalization has been approximately
4% of sales for each of the last three years. The Company reports engineering,
research and development expense net of this funding and capitalization. Thus,
recorded amounts for engineering, research and development expense were 18%, 17%
and 10% of sales in fiscal 1991, 1992 and 1993, respectively.
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<PAGE> 23
MANUFACTURING
The Company's principal manufacturing activities take place in San Jose,
California; Bevaix, Switzerland; and Migdal Ha'Emek, Israel; and consist
primarily of assembling and testing components and subassemblies which are
acquired from third party vendors and then integrated into the Company's
finished products. During fiscal 1993, KLA streamlined its manufacturing process
to increase the flexibility of its manufacturing resources and to reduce the
manufacturing cycle time for inspection systems. During fiscal 1993 the Company
vacated its former WISARD manufacturing building in order to consolidate WISARD
and RAPID manufacturing operations in the Company's San Jose headquarters.
Through this consolidation, the two business groups now share clean room space,
assembly and test personnel, and inventory management resources. The Company has
the ability to increase manufacturing volumes by adding additional shifts before
significant capital investments in clean room space or tooling would be
required. The Company is also cross-training personnel, so that it can respond
to changes in product mix by reallocating personnel rather than by additional
hiring.
During this same period, the Company has been working with key vendors to
improve inventory management. Volume purchase agreements and just-in-time
delivery schedules have reduced both inventory levels and costs. The Company's
manufacturing engineers, in conjunction with key vendors, are improving the
manufacturability and reliability of the new wafer and reticle inspection
systems.
Many of the components and subassemblies are standard products, although
certain items are made to Company specifications. Certain of the components and
subassemblies included in the Company's systems are obtained from a single
source or a limited group of suppliers. Those parts subject to single or limited
source supply are routinely monitored by management and the Company endeavors to
ensure that adequate supplies are available to maintain manufacturing schedules,
should supply for any part be interrupted. Although the Company seeks to reduce
its dependence on sole and limited source suppliers in some cases, the partial
or complete loss of certain of these sources could have at least a temporary
adverse effect on the Company's results of operations and damage customer
relationships.
COMPETITION
The market for yield management and process control systems is highly
competitive. In each of the markets it serves the Company faces competition from
established and potential competitors, some of which may have greater financial,
engineering, manufacturing and marketing resources than the Company. Significant
competitive factors in the market for yield management and process control
systems include system performance, ease of use, reliability, installed base and
technical service and support.
The Company believes that, while price and delivery are important
competitive factors, customers' overriding requirement is for systems which
easily and effectively incorporate automated, highly accurate inspection
capabilities into their existing manufacturing processes, thereby enhancing
productivity. The Company's yield management and process control systems for the
semiconductor industry are generally higher priced than those of its present
competitors and are intended to compete based upon performance and technical
capabilities. These systems also compete with less expensive, more
labor-intensive manual inspection devices.
The Company's wafer and reticle inspection systems have a predominant share
of their markets. The Company is the leading provider of overlay registration
systems. The Company believes it is the second largest supplier of wafer prober
systems in the U.S. and Europe.
Many of the Company's competitors are investing in the development of new
products aimed at applications currently served by the Company. The Company's
competitors in each product area can be expected to continue to improve the
design and performance of their products and to introduce new products with
competitive price/performance characteristics. Competitive pressures often
necessitate price reductions which can adversely affect operating results.
Although the Company believes that it has certain technical and other advantages
over its competitors, maintaining such advantages will require a continued high
level of investment by the Company in research and development and sales and
marketing. There can be no assurance
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<PAGE> 24
that the Company will have sufficient resources to continue to make such
investments or that the Company will be able to make the technological advances
necessary to maintain these competitive advantages.
The yield management and process control industry is characterized by
rapidly changing technology and a high rate of technological obsolescence.
Development of new technologies that have price/performance characteristics
superior to the Company's technologies could adversely affect the Company's
results of operations. In order to remain competitive, the Company believes that
it will be necessary to expend substantial effort on continuing product
improvement and new product development. There can be no assurance that the
Company will be able to develop and market new products successfully or that the
products introduced by others will not render the Company's products or
technologies non-competitive or obsolete.
PATENTS AND OTHER PROPRIETARY RIGHTS
The Company believes that, due to the rapid pace of innovation within the
yield management and process control systems industry, the Company's protection
of patent and other intellectual property rights is less important than factors
such as its technological expertise, continuing development of new systems,
market penetration and installed base and the ability to provide comprehensive
support and service to customers.
The Company protects its proprietary technology through a variety of
intellectual property laws including patents, copyrights and trade secrets. The
Company's source code is protected as a trade secret and as an unpublished
copyright work. The Company has a number of United States and foreign patents
and patent applications. The Company's efforts to protect its intellectual
property rights through trade secret and copyright protection may be impaired if
third parties are able to copy or otherwise obtain and use the Company's
technology without authorization. Effective intellectual property protection may
be unavailable or limited in certain foreign countries. In addition, the
semiconductor industry is characterized by frequent litigation regarding patent
and other intellectual property rights. No assurance can be given that any
patent held by the Company will be sufficient to protect the Company. See "Risk
Factors -- Limited Protection of Intellectual Property," and "-- Notice of
Patent Infringement Received by Customers."
EMPLOYEES
As of September 30, 1993, KLA employed a total of approximately 1,000
persons, including approximately 100 in sales, marketing and applications
engineering, 165 in product development, 265 in manufacturing, 340 in field
service, and 120 in management and administration. None of KLA's employees is
represented by a labor union. KLA has experienced no work stoppages and believes
that its employee relations are excellent.
Competition in the recruiting of personnel in the semiconductor and
semiconductor equipment industry is intense. KLA believes that its future
success will depend in part on its continued ability to hire and retain
qualified management, marketing and technical employees.
FACILITIES
KLA owns a corporate facility which houses engineering, manufacturing and
administrative functions in San Jose, California, occupying approximately
232,000 square feet. The Company purchased this facility in 1990 at a total cost
of approximately $30 million, including improvements. The Company leases
additional office space for manufacturing, engineering, sales and service
activities, including seven locations in the U.S., four in Europe, three in
Japan, and one each in Malaysia, Korea, Taiwan and Israel.
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MANAGEMENT
The names of the directors and executive officers of the Company and their
ages as of June 30, 1993 are as follows.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME AGE POSITION
- ----------------------------- --- --------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Kenneth Levy................. 50 Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive
Officer
Kenneth L. Schroeder......... 47 President, Chief Operating Officer and Director
Robert J. Boehlke............ 52 Vice President of Finance and Administration, Chief
Financial Officer, and Assistant Secretary
Patrick H. Lamey, Jr......... 46 Vice President, General Manager, WATCHER Business Unit
Michael D. McCarver.......... 47 Vice President, Corporate Sales
Arthur P. Schnitzer.......... 50 Group Vice President, Wafer and Reticle Inspection
William Turner............... 37 Vice President, Corporate Controller
Virginia J. DeMars........... 51 Vice President, Human Resources
Christopher Stoddart......... 37 Treasurer
Robert R. Anderson........... 55 Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors
Leo J. Chamberlain........... 63 Director
Robert E. Lorenzini.......... 56 Director
Yoshio Nishi................. 53 Director
Samuel Rubinovitz............ 63 Director
Dag Tellefsen................ 51 Director
</TABLE>
Mr. Levy co-founded the Company in July 1975 and served as President and
Chief Executive Officer and a Director of the Company until November 1991, when
he became Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer. Since
May 1993, Mr. Levy has been a director of Ultratech Stepper, Inc., a
manufacturer of photolithography equipment.
Mr. Schroeder rejoined the Company in November 1991 as President, Chief
Operating Officer and Director. Mr. Schroeder had worked previously at KLA from
1979 through 1987, during which time he held the positions of Vice President of
Operations (1979); Vice President and General Manager, RAPID division (1982);
Vice President and General Manager, WISARD division (1983); and Senior Vice
President (1985). In July 1988, he became President and Chief Executive Officer
of Photon Dynamics, Inc. In mid-1989, he was appointed President, Chief
Operating Officer, and Director of Genus, Inc. He left Genus in October 1991, to
rejoin KLA.
Mr. Boehlke joined the Company in April 1983 as Vice President and General
Manager of the RAPID division. In June 1985, Mr. Boehlke was elected to Senior
Vice President and to Executive Vice President in January 1989, and to Chief
Operating Officer in August 1989 until July 1990, when he became Chief Financial
Officer.
Mr. Lamey, Jr., joined the Company in May 1984 as Vice President of
Marketing of the RAPID division, became Vice President of Marketing of the
WISARD division in May 1987, then General Manager of the WISARD division in May
1988. In September 1989, he became Vice President of Corporate Strategic
Marketing. In July 1990, he became General Manager of the KLASIC division, and
became General Manager of the ATS division in December 1991. In July 1992, he
became General Manager of the WATCHER division which was spun out of the ATS
division.
Mr. McCarver joined the Company in October 1985 as Vice President of Sales
of the RAPID division, was promoted to General Manager in July 1987, and was
additionally elected to Vice President of the Company in August 1989. In August
1993, he became Vice President of Corporate Sales. Mr. McCarver was employed by
the Monsanto Company from 1969 through 1985 in various management positions.
Mr. Schnitzer joined the Company in July 1978 as Software Engineering
Manager and was promoted to Director of Engineering of the RAPID division in
July 1982, and was promoted to Vice President in July 1983.
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He became Vice President of Technology and Marketing of the RAPID division in
May 1987, and Vice President of Advanced Inspection in January 1989. In October
1989, he was promoted to General Manager of the WISARD division and,
additionally, was elected to Vice President of the Company in July 1990. In July
1993, he became Group Vice President of the Wafer and Reticle Inspection Group
("WRInG"), composed of the former RAPID and WISARD divisions.
Mr. Turner joined the Company in September 1983 as a Corporate Financial
Analyst, transferred to be the Field Service Financial Administrator of the
RAPID division in August 1984, was promoted to RAPID division Controller in
February 1986, transferred to International division Controller in July 1988,
was promoted to Corporate Controller in December 1989, and was elected Vice
President of the Company in July 1990.
Ms. DeMars joined KLA in 1988 as Director of Human Resources after a 13
year career in Employee Relations at Monolithic Memories, Inc., and Advanced
Micro Devices. In November 1991, KLA promoted Ms. DeMars to Vice President of
Human Resources, worldwide.
Mr. Stoddart joined the Company in December 1991 as Treasurer. Prior to
joining the Company, Mr. Stoddart was Treasurer of General Cellular Corporation
from October 1989 to September 1991 and previously with Cooper Companies, Inc.,
was Assistant Treasurer from August 1986 to July 1988, and then Treasurer from
July 1988 to September 1989.
Mr. Anderson co-founded the Company in July 1975. He has served as Vice
Chairman of the Board since November 1991. He previously served as Chairman of
the Board from May 1985 to November 1991, Assistant Secretary from February 1989
to November 1991, Executive Vice President from July 1990 to November 1991 and
Chief Financial Officer from February 1989 to July 1990.
Mr. Chamberlain has served as a Director of the Company since 1982. He has
served as a Director of Octel Communications Corporation, a manufacturer of
high-performance voice processing systems since March 1989.
Mr. Lorenzini has served as a Director of the Company since 1976. He has
served, since October 1988, as President, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
of SunPower Corporation, a manufacturer of photovoltaic cells and silicon power
devices. He was a founder and, until December 1986, Chairman of the Board of
Siltec Corporation, a manufacturer of semiconductor materials and manufacturing
equipment. Since October 1986, Mr. Lorenzini has also served as a director of
FSI International, a semiconductor process equipment manufacturer.
Mr. Nishi has served as a Director of the Company since 1989. He is the
Director of Silicon Process Laboratory, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, a
semiconductor technology research facility affiliated with Hewlett-Packard
Company, and also a consultant professor in the Stanford University Department
of Electrical Engineering.
Mr. Rubinovitz previously served as a director of the Company from October
1979 to January 1989, and rejoined the Company as a Director in 1990. From April
1989 through December 1993, he served as Executive Vice President of EG&G, Inc.,
a diversified manufacturer of scientific instruments and electronic, optical and
mechanical equipment, and previously as Senior Vice President of EG&G, Inc.
between April 1986 and April 1989. Since April 1989, Mr. Rubinovitz has served
as a Director of EG&G. Since October 1984, he has served as Director of
Richardson Electronics, Inc., a manufacturer and distributor of electron tubes
and semiconductors.
Mr. Tellefsen has served as a Director of the Company since 1978. He is
General Partner of the investment manager of Glenwood Ventures I and II, venture
capital funds. Since January 1983, he has served as a director of Arix
Corporation, a manufacturer of computers for transaction oriented applications
and since September 1982, as a director of Octel Communications Corporation.
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<PAGE> 27
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
The Company's authorized capital stock consists of 75,000,000 shares of
common stock, $0.001 par value ("Common Shares"), 74,000,000 of which are
designated "Common Stock" and 1,000,000 of which are designated "Junior Common
Stock," and 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value ("Preferred
Stock"). As of September 30, 1993, there were 19,657,000 shares of Common Stock,
no shares of Junior Common Stock, and no shares of Preferred Stock outstanding.
COMMON STOCK
The holders of the Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share on all
matters to be voted upon by the stockholders. Stockholders are not entitled to
cumulative voting for the election of directors. Subject to preferences
applicable to any outstanding Preferred Stock, the holders of Common Stock are
entitled to receive ratably such dividends as may be declared from time to time
by the Board of Directors out of funds legally available therefor and In the
event of liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Company, the holders of
Common Stock are entitled to share in all assets remaining after payment of
liabilities. The Common Stock has no preemptive or conversion rights and is not
subject to further calls or assessments by the Company. There are no redemption
or sinking fund provisions applicable to the Common Stock. The Common Stock
currently outstanding is, and the Common Stock offered hereby will be, validly
issued, fully paid, and non-assessable.
JUNIOR COMMON STOCK
The Board of Directors of the Company has the authority to issue the Junior
Common Stock in one or more series and to fix the rights, preferences and
privileges, including dividend rights, conversion rights, liquidation rights,
voting rights, and the number of shares constituting any series or the
designation of such series of Junior Common Stock, without any further vote or
action by the stockholders. As of the date of this Prospectus, there are no
outstanding shares of Junior Common Stock, or options to purchase Junior Common
Stock. Although it has no present intention to do so, the Board of Directors of
the Company may, without stockholder approval, issue Junior Common Stock with
voting and conversion rights which could adversely affect the voting power of
the holders of Common Stock. The issuance of Junior Common Stock may have the
effect of delaying, deferring, or preventing a change of control of the Company.
PREFERRED STOCK
The Board of Directors of the Company has the authority to issue the
Preferred Stock in one or more series and to fix the rights, preferences and
privileges, including dividend rights, conversion rights, liquidation rights,
voting rights, and the number of shares constituting any series or the
designation of such series of Preferred Stock, without any further vote or
action by the stockholders. As of the date of this Prospectus, there are no
outstanding shares of Preferred Stock, or options to purchase Preferred Stock.
Although it has no present intention to do so, the Board of Directors of the
Company may, without stockholder approval, issue Preferred Stock with voting and
conversion rights which could adversely affect the voting power of the holders
of Common Stock. The issuance of Preferred Stock may have the effect of
delaying, deferring, or preventing a change of control of the Company.
STOCKHOLDER RIGHTS PLAN
KLA has a stockholder rights plan (the "Plan") to protect the value of KLA
stockholders' investment in the Company. Pursuant to the Plan, the Board has
declared a dividend distribution of one Common Stock purchase right (a "Right"),
at an exercise price of $100.00, on each outstanding share of its Common Stock.
In the event of certain hostile efforts to acquire control of the Company, the
Plan would entitle holders of each Right to purchase stock in KLA or an acquiror
of KLA with a market value equal to twice the exercise price of the Right. The
Rights have certain anti-takeover effects as they will cause substantial
dilution to a person or group that attempts to acquire the Company on terms or
in a manner not approved by the Company's Board of Directors, except pursuant to
an offer conditioned upon the negation, purchase or redemption of the Rights.
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<PAGE> 28
The Board may redeem the Rights for $0.01 per Right at any time prior to
the day a person or group acquires 20% or more of the Company's stock without
Board approval. After such date, the Board may redeem the Rights prior to the
consummation of a business combination in which all holders of Common Stock are
treated equally and which does not involve such 20% stockholder. The Company
may, except with respect to the redemption price, amend the Rights in any
manner. After a person becomes a 20% stockholder, the Company may amend the
Rights in any manner which does not adversely affect the interests of the
holders of the Rights.
DELAWARE TAKEOVER STATUTE
The Company is subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware
General Corporation Law, which prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation
from engaging in any "business combination" with an "interested stockholder" for
three years following the date that such stockholder became an interested
stockholder, unless (i) prior to such date, the board of directors of the
corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction that
resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder; (ii) upon
consummation of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an
interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the
voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction
commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the number of shares
outstanding, those shares owned (a) by persons who are directors and also
officers and (b) by employee stock plans in which employee participants do not
have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the
plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or (iii) on or subsequent
to such date, the business combination is approved by the board of directors and
authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders, and not by written
consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 66-2/3% of the outstanding voting
stock not owned by the interested stockholder.
Generally, a "business combination" includes a merger, asset or stock sale,
or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the stockholders. An
"interested stockholder" is a person who, together with affiliates and
associates, owns (or within three years prior did own) 15% or more of the
corporation's voting stock.
TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR
The Transfer Agent and Registrar for the Common Stock is First National
Bank of Boston, Mail Stop 45-02-16, Blue Hills Office Park, 150 Royale Street,
Canton, Massachusetts 02021.
27
<PAGE> 29
UNDERWRITING
The Underwriters named below have severally agreed, subject to the terms
and conditions of the Underwriting Agreement, to purchase from the Company the
respective number of shares of Common Stock set forth opposite their names
below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER
UNDERWRITER OF SHARES
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------
<S> <C>
Kidder, Peabody & Co. Incorporated........................................
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated.........................................
---------
Total........................................................... 2,000,000
---------
---------
</TABLE>
The Underwriting Agreement provides that the Underwriters are obligated to
purchase all of the shares of Common Stock offered hereby, if any are purchased.
The Company has been advised by Kidder, Peabody & Co. Incorporated and
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated, the Representatives of the several
Underwriters, that the Underwriters propose to offer the Common Stock to the
public at the offering price set forth on the cover page of this Prospectus and
to certain dealers at such price less a concession not in excess of $
per share, and that the Underwriters and such dealers may re-allow a discount of
not in excess of $ per share to other dealers. The public offering
price and the concession and discount to dealers may be changed by the
Representatives after the initial public offering of the Common Stock offered
hereby.
The Company has granted the Underwriters an option, expiring at the close
of business on the thirtieth day subsequent to the date of the initial public
offering of the Common Stock offered hereby, to purchase up to 300,000
additional shares of Common Stock at the offering price to public, less the
underwriting discount, set forth on the cover page of this Prospectus. The
Underwriters may exercise such option solely to cover over-allotments, if any,
in the sale of the shares.
The Company has agreed to indemnify the Underwriters against certain
liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended
(the "Act").
Certain officers and directors of the Company have agreed that they will
not, directly or indirectly, offer, sell or otherwise dispose of shares of
Common Stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for, or rights to
purchase or acquire an aggregate of approximately 1,700,000 shares of Common
Stock for a period of 90 days after the date of the initial public offering of
the Common Stock offered hereby, without the prior written consent of one of the
Representatives. All other shares of Common Stock or of such other securities or
rights held by any officers or directors of the Company are not subject to such
"lock-up" agreements and may be sold at any time absent other restrictions.
In addition, the Company has agreed, subject to certain limited exceptions,
not to issue any Common Stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable
for, or any rights to purchase or acquire, Common Stock for a period of 90 days
after the date of the initial public offering of the Common Stock offered
hereby, except pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement without the prior written
consent of one of the Representatives.
In connection with this offering, the Underwriters and selling group
members (if any) or their respective affiliates intend to engage in passive
market making transactions in the Common Stock of the Company on The Nasdaq
National Market in accordance with Rule 10b-6A under the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") during the two business day period
before commencement of offers or sales of the shares of Common Stock offered
hereby. The passive market making transactions must be identified as such and
comply with applicable volume and price limits. In general, a passive market
maker may display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent
bid for the security; if all independent bids are lowered below the passive
market makers bid, however, such bid must then be lowered when certain purchase
limits are exceeded.
28
<PAGE> 30
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the shares offered hereby will be passed upon for the
Company by Gray Cary Ware & Freidenrich, Palo Alto, California. Certain legal
matters will be passed upon for the Underwriters by Morrison & Foerster, San
Francisco, California.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 1992 and 1993 and for
each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 1993 included in this
Prospectus have been so included in reliance on the report of Price Waterhouse,
independent accountants, given on the authority of said firm as experts in
auditing and accounting.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
The Company is subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange
Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, and in accordance therewith files
reports, proxy statements, and other information with the Securities and
Exchange Commission (the "Commission"). Such reports, proxy statements and other
information filed by the Company can be inspected and copied at the Commission's
public reference room at Room 1024, Judiciary Plaza, 450 Fifth Street, N.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20549, as well as at the Regional Offices of the Commission
located at Northwest Atrium Center, 500 West Madison Street, Suite 1400,
Chicago, Illinois 60661, and Seven World Trade Center, 13th Floor, New York, New
York 10048. Copies of such material can be obtained by mail from the public
reference section of the Commission at Room 1024, Judiciary Plaza, 450 Fifth
Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549, upon payment of the fees prescribed by the
Commission. The Common Stock of the Company is quoted on The Nasdaq National
Market. Reports, proxy statements and other information concerning the Company
may be inspected at the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. at 1735
K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006.
Additional information regarding the Company and the shares of Common Stock
offered hereby, is contained in the Registration Statement on Form S-3 and the
exhibits thereto filed with the Commission under the Act. For further
information pertaining to the Company and the shares of Common Stock offered
hereby, reference is made to the Registration Statement and the exhibits
thereto, which may be inspected without charge at, and copies may be obtained at
prescribed rates from, the office of the Commission at Room 1024, Judiciary
Plaza, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington D.C. 20549.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
The following documents are incorporated herein by reference: (i) the
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 1993, as filed
with the Commission on September 28, 1993, (ii) the Company's Quarterly Report
on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1993, as filed with the
Commission on November 12, 1993, (iii) the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K,
as filed with the Commission on January 12, 1994, (iv) the Company's Current
Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the Commission on January 19, 1994, and (v)
the description of the Company's Common Stock contained in the Company's
Registration Statement on Form 8-A (including all amendments in respect thereof)
as filed with the Commission on October 26, 1981.
All documents filed by the Company pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or
15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of this Prospectus and prior to the
termination of this offering, shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference in
this Prospectus and to be a part hereof from the date of filing of such
documents. Any statement incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be
modified or superseded for purposes of this Prospectus to the extent that a
statement contained herein or in any other subsequently filed document which
also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or
supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be
deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this
Prospectus.
The Company will provide without charge to each person to whom this
Prospectus is delivered, upon written or oral request, a copy of any or all of
the foregoing documents incorporated by reference in this Prospectus. Requests
for such documents should be directed to KLA Instruments Corporation, 160 Rio
Robles, San Jose, CA 95161, Attn: Investor Relations, telephone (408) 434-4200.
29
<PAGE> 31
KLA INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION
------------------------
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
-----
<S> <C>
AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR FISCAL YEARS 1991, 1992 AND 1993:
Report of Independent Accountants.................................................. F-2
Consolidated Statement of Operations............................................... F-3
Consolidated Balance Sheet......................................................... F-4
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity..................................... F-5
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows............................................... F-6
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements..................................... F-7
UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION FOR FISCAL QUARTERS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
1992
AND 1993:
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations..................................... F-16
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet............................................... F-17
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows..................................... F-18
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Information.......................... F-19
</TABLE>
F-1
<PAGE> 32
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
To the Stockholders and
Board of Directors of
KLA Instruments Corporation
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheet and the related
consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity and cash flows
present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of KLA
Instruments Corporation and its subsidiaries at June 30, 1992 and 1993, and the
results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in
the period ended June 30, 1993, in conformity with generally accepted accounting
principles. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's
management; our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial
statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in
accordance with generally accepted auditing standards which require that we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates
made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for the opinion expressed
above.
PRICE WATERHOUSE
San Jose, California
July 28, 1993
F-2
<PAGE> 33
KLA INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION
------------------------
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30,
----------------------------------
1991 1992 1993
-------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales.................................................. $148,432 $155,963 $167,236
-------- -------- --------
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales............................................ 82,822 99,993 107,466
Engineering, research and development.................... 27,132 25,860 16,314
Selling, general and administrative...................... 33,498 35,537 32,684
Restructuring charges (recovery)......................... -- 8,158 (718)
-------- -------- --------
143,452 169,548 155,746
-------- -------- --------
Income (loss) from operations.............................. 4,980 (13,585) 11,490
Interest income and other, net............................. 1,847 1,170 1,217
Interest expense........................................... (3,328) (3,877) (3,426)
-------- -------- --------
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income
taxes.................................................... 3,499 (16,292) 9,281
Provision for income taxes................................. 1,084 318 2,320
-------- -------- --------
Income (loss) from continuing operations................... 2,415 (16,610) 6,961
Discontinued operations:
Loss from discontinued operations of PCB business, less
applicable income taxes of $693 in fiscal 1991........ (2,443) -- --
Recovery of (provision for) loss on disposal of PCB
business, less applicable income tax benefit of $4,443
in fiscal 1991........................................ (10,557) 2,800 --
-------- -------- --------
Net income (loss).......................................... $(10,585) $(13,810) $ 6,961
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
Income (loss) per share from continuing operations......... $ 0.13 $ (0.90) $ 0.35
Income (loss) per share from discontinued PCB business..... (0.70) 0.15 --
-------- -------- --------
Net income (loss) per share................................ $ (0.57) $ (0.75) $ 0.35
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
Weighted average common and dilutive common equivalent
shares outstanding....................................... 18,552 18,451 19,707
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-3
<PAGE> 34
KLA INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION
------------------------
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
(IN THOUSANDS)
ASSETS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AT JUNE 30,
---------------------
1992 1993
-------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents............................................ $ 23,711 $ 52,362
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $1,652 and $1,469.......... 49,153 48,077
Inventories.......................................................... 48,575 42,489
Deferred income taxes................................................ 7,594 3,917
Other current assets................................................. 5,701 4,724
-------- --------
Total current assets......................................... 134,734 151,569
-------- --------
Land, property and equipment, net...................................... 44,799 39,384
Other assets........................................................... 8,924 8,136
-------- --------
Total assets................................................. $188,457 $199,089
-------- --------
-------- --------
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Notes payable and current portion of long-term debt.................. $ 4,957 $ 6,532
Accounts payable..................................................... 5,551 8,953
Income taxes payable................................................. 9,823 9,403
Other current liabilities............................................ 30,442 33,070
-------- --------
Total current liabilities.................................... 50,773 57,958
-------- --------
Deferred income taxes.................................................. 10,652 7,081
Long-term debt......................................................... 24,000 20,000
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value, 1,000 shares authorized, none
outstanding....................................................... -- --
Common shares, $0.001 par value, 75,000 shares authorized,
18,696 and 19,503 shares issued and outstanding................... 19 20
Capital in excess of par value....................................... 58,938 64,638
Retained earnings.................................................... 43,126 50,087
Treasury stock....................................................... (581) (581)
Cumulative translation adjustment.................................... 1,530 (114)
-------- --------
Total stockholders' equity................................... 103,032 114,050
-------- --------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity................... $188,457 $199,089
-------- --------
-------- --------
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-4
<PAGE> 35
KLA INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION
------------------------
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NOTES
COMMON STOCK CAPITAL TREASURY STOCK RECEIVABLE
---------------- IN EXCESS OF RETAINED -------------- TRANSLATION FROM
SHARES AMOUNT PAR VALUE EARNINGS SHARES AMOUNT ADJUSTMENTS STOCKHOLDERS
------- ------ ------------ -------- ------ ------ ----------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at June 30, 1990.............. 17,987 $ 18 $ 53,760 $ 67,521 -- $ -- $ 1,202 $ (365)
------- ------ ------------ -------- ------ ------ ----------- ------
Exercise of stock options............. 82 556
Tax benefit on exercise of stock
options............................. 27
Shares issued under stock purchase
plan................................ 229 1,733
Shares repurchased at cost for use in
employee benefit plans.............. (55) (581 )
Net loss.............................. (10,585)
Translation adjustments............... (490)
Repayment of note for stock option
exercise............................ 365
------- ------ ------------ -------- ------ ------ ----------- ------
Balance at June 30, 1991.............. 18,298 18 56,076 56,936 (55) (581 ) 712 --
------- ------ ------------ -------- ------ ------ ----------- ------
Exercise of stock options............. 203 1 1,430
Shares issued under stock purchase
plan................................ 195 1,432
Net loss.............................. (13,810)
Translation adjustments............... 818
------- ------ ------------ -------- ------ ------ ----------- ------
Balance at June 30, 1992.............. 18,696 19 58,938 43,126 (55) (581 ) 1,530 --
------- ------ ------------ -------- ------ ------ ----------- ------
Exercise of stock options............. 604 1 4,276
Shares issued under stock purchase
plan................................ 203 1,424
Net income............................ 6,961
Translation adjustments............... (1,644)
------- ------ ------------ -------- ------ ------ ----------- ------
Balance at June 30, 1993.............. 19,503 $ 20 $ 64,638 $ 50,087 (55) $(581 ) $ (114) $ --
------- ------ ------------ -------- ------ ------ ----------- ------
------- ------ ------------ -------- ------ ------ ----------- ------
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-5
<PAGE> 36
KLA INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION
------------------------
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30,
---------------------------------
1991 1992 1993
------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Cash flows from continuing operating activities:
Income (loss) from continuing operations.................. $ 2,415 $(16,610) $ 6,961
------- -------- --------
Adjustments required to reconcile income (loss) from
continuing operations to cash provided by (used for)
continuing operations:
Depreciation and amortization............................. 9,088 10,732 9,646
Investment write-downs.................................... 333 333 94
Deferred income taxes..................................... (2,540) 142 (466)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable.................................... 661 (2,583) 947
Inventories............................................ (7,102) 70 6,048
Other current assets................................... (4,586) (766) 2,062
Accounts payable....................................... (597) (1,970) 3,375
Income taxes payable................................... 5,678 (820) (429)
Other current liabilities.............................. (6,787) 6,840 2,655
Other assets........................................... 1,681 193 (586)
------- -------- --------
(4,171) 12,171 23,346
------- -------- --------
Cash provided by (used for) continuing operations........... (1,756) (4,439) 30,307
------- -------- --------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures...................................... (33,611) (5,085) (3,226)
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets........................ -- -- 844
Sale of short-term marketable securities.................. 9,836 -- --
Capitalization of software development costs.............. (2,143) (1,280) (1,201)
------- -------- --------
Cash (used for) investing activities........................ (25,918) (6,365) (3,583)
------- -------- --------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Short-term borrowings, net................................ 712 125 (2,881)
Long-term debt borrowing.................................. 24,000 -- --
Sales of common stock..................................... 2,289 2,863 5,701
Repurchase of common stock................................ (581) -- --
Proceeds from shareholder note............................ 365 -- --
------- -------- --------
Cash provided by financing activities....................... 26,785 2,988 2,820
------- -------- --------
Effect of exchange rate changes............................. (120) 273 (893)
------- -------- --------
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents............ (1,009) (7,543) 28,651
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year.............. 32,263 31,254 23,711
------- -------- --------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year.................... $31,254 $ 23,711 $ 52,362
------- -------- --------
------- -------- --------
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest.................................................. $ 3,404 $ 3,778 $ 3,515
Income taxes.............................................. $ 670 $ 1,361 $ 1,914
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-6
<PAGE> 37
KLA INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION
------------------------
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 -- SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Principles of Consolidation -- The consolidated financial statements
include the accounts of the Company and all of its subsidiaries. All significant
intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Subsidiaries with
accounts denominated in foreign currencies have been translated principally
using the local currencies as the functional currencies. Accordingly, the assets
and liabilities of these subsidiaries are translated at the rates of exchange on
the balance sheet date, income and expense items are translated at average rates
of exchange for the year, and the resulting translation gains or losses are
included in stockholders' equity. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses
have not been material and are included in interest income and other, net.
Foreign Exchange Hedging -- The Company purchases forward exchange
contracts and options to hedge against currency fluctuations which affect
certain foreign currency denominated firm purchase orders, assets and
liabilities. Unrealized gains and losses on these contracts are deferred and
accounted for as part of the hedged transactions. Cash flows from these
contracts are classified in the Statement of Cash Flows in the same category as
the hedged transactions. At June 30, 1993, the Company had forward exchange
contracts maturing throughout fiscal 1994 to sell approximately $18.4 million of
Japanese yen (2.1 billion yen) to purchase approximately $0.7 million of
Japanese yen (73 million yen) and to sell $0.8 million of Swiss francs (1.2
million Swiss francs). At June 30, 1992, the Company had contracts maturing
during fiscal 1993 to sell approximately $22 million of Japanese yen (2.8
billion yen).
Revenue Recognition -- The Company recognizes sales of wafer inspection,
reticle and photomask inspection systems upon acceptance at the Company's plant,
which is when title transfers. Customers may observe and approve satisfactory
completion of the tests. Sales of other systems are recognized upon shipment. A
provision for the estimated future cost of system installation and warranty is
recorded at the time revenue is recognized. Revenues from service contracts are
recognized during the terms of the contracts on a straight-line basis.
Income per Share -- Income per common and common equivalent share is
computed using the weighted average number of common and common equivalent
shares outstanding during the respective periods, including the assumed net
shares issuable upon exercise of stock options, when dilutive.
Research and Development -- The Company is actively engaged in significant
product improvement and new product development efforts. Research and
development expenses relating to possible future products aggregated
approximately $11.2, $19.3 and $13.4 million for fiscal 1991, 1992 and 1993,
respectively.
Software Development Costs -- The Company capitalizes software development
costs in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 86. For
the years ended June 30, 1991, 1992 and 1993, the Company capitalized $2.1, $1.3
and $1.2 million, respectively, of software development costs in connection with
the development of new products and new features and functions on existing
products. Such costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated
useful life of three years or the ratio of current revenue to the total of
current and anticipated future revenue, whichever is greater. Amortization
charged to expense during the fiscal years ended 1991, 1992 and 1993 was $0.6,
$2.1 and $1.9 million, respectively. Capitalized software, net of software
amortization, totaled $5.0 and $4.3 million at June 30, 1992 and 1993,
respectively.
Income Taxes -- Effective July 1, 1992, the Company adopted Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 109 (FAS 109) "Accounting for Income Taxes."
The adoption of FAS 109 changes the Company's method of accounting for income
taxes from the deferred method (APB 11) to an asset and liability approach.
Previously the Company deferred the tax effects of timing differences between
financial reporting and taxable income. The asset and liability approach
requires the recognition of deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected
future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying
F-7
<PAGE> 38
KLA INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION
------------------------
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
amounts and the tax bases of other assets and liabilities. Adoption of FAS 109
did not have a significant effect on the consolidated financial statements.
Undistributed earnings of certain of the Company's foreign subsidiaries,
for which no U.S. federal income taxes have been provided, aggregated
approximately $3.5 million at June 30, 1993. The amount of the unrecognized
deferred tax liability related to the investments in foreign subsidiaries is
estimated at approximately $1.2 million at June 30, 1993.
Cash Equivalents -- Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments
with a maturity date at acquisition of three months or less.
Inventories -- Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, cost
being determined using standard costs which approximate actual costs on a
first-in, first-out basis.
Property and Equipment -- Property and equipment are recorded at cost.
Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over
the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are 30 years for buildings and
building improvements, five years for furniture and fixtures, and range from
three to five years for machinery and equipment. The life of the lease or the
useful life, whichever is shorter, is used for the amortization of leasehold
improvements.
NOTE 2 -- DETAILS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT COMPONENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1992 1993
-------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C>
Inventories:
Customer service spares............................................. $ 14,129 $ 13,530
Systems raw materials............................................... 17,919 8,389
Work-in-process..................................................... 10,689 10,004
Demonstration equipment............................................. 5,838 10,566
-------- --------
$ 48,575 $ 42,489
-------- --------
-------- --------
Land, property and equipment:
Land................................................................ $ 10,502 $ 10,502
Buildings and improvements.......................................... 19,776 20,361
Machinery and equipment............................................. 37,248 30,780
Furniture and fixtures.............................................. 3,887 4,625
Leasehold improvements.............................................. 4,603 6,321
-------- --------
76,016 72,589
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization...................... (31,217) (33,205)
-------- --------
$ 44,799 $ 39,384
-------- --------
-------- --------
Other current liabilities:
Accrued compensation and benefits................................... $ 9,695 $ 11,682
Accrued warranty and installation................................... 9,647 12,188
Unearned service contract revenue................................... 3,260 2,854
Other............................................................... 7,840 6,346
-------- --------
$ 30,442 $ 33,070
-------- --------
-------- --------
</TABLE>
F-8
<PAGE> 39
KLA INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION
------------------------
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
NOTE 3 -- GEOGRAPHIC REPORTING
The Company is a leading manufacturer of yield monitoring and process
control systems for the semiconductor manufacturing industry. For geographic
reporting, sales are attributed to the geographic location of the sales and
service organizations and costs directly and indirectly incurred in generating
sales are similarly assigned. During fiscal 1991 and 1992, no customer accounted
for more than 10% of sales. During fiscal 1993, one customer accounted for 11%
of net sales. The following is a summary of operations by geographical
territories:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1991 1992 1993
-------- -------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales from unaffiliated customers:
United States................................................ $ 58,659 $ 67,240 $ 62,802
Western Europe............................................... 25,187 22,484 34,141
Japan........................................................ 51,793 48,825 46,914
Asia Pacific................................................. 12,793 17,414 23,379
-------- -------- --------
$148,432 $155,963 $167,236
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
Operating results:
United States................................................ $ 5,197 $ (5,570) $ 7,558
Western Europe............................................... 2,474 608 6,262
Japan........................................................ 3,106 (5,214) (1,783)
Asia Pacific................................................. 1,078 2,204 3,896
-------- -------- --------
11,855 (7,972) 15,933
General corporate expenses..................................... (6,875) (5,613) (4,443)
-------- -------- --------
Operating profit (loss)...................................... $ 4,980 $(13,585) $ 11,490
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
Identifiable assets:
United States................................................ $106,502 $103,960 $ 96,383
Western Europe............................................... 21,911 15,272 22,631
Japan........................................................ 23,354 27,026 18,627
Asia Pacific................................................. 11,288 18,581 13,487
-------- -------- --------
163,055 164,839 151,128
General corporate assets..................................... 34,968 23,618 47,961
-------- -------- --------
Total assets................................................. $198,023 $188,457 $199,089
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
</TABLE>
Intercompany transfers of products from the United States to other regions,
based on cost of products transferred, were approximately $32.2, $34.2 and $39.7
million in fiscal years 1991, 1992 and 1993, respectively. Transfers from other
regions were not significant. Corporate assets consist primarily of cash,
marketable securities and other investments. Corporate expenses consist
primarily of general, administrative and other expenses not attributable to
geographical regions. Capital expenditures and depreciation expense have been
primarily in the United States.
NOTE 4 -- EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
The Company has a profit sharing program, wherein a percentage of pretax
profits, as determined by the Board of Directors, is accumulated and distributed
quarterly to all employees who have completed a stipulated employment period. In
addition, the Board may approve matching contributions to the Company's savings
and investment plan, a qualified salary reduction plan under section 401(k) of
the Internal Revenue Code. The
F-9
<PAGE> 40
KLA INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION
------------------------
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
total charge to operations under the profit sharing and 401(k) programs
aggregated approximately $0.4, $0.4 and $0.7 million in fiscal 1991, 1992 and
1993, respectively.
Under the 1982 Stock Option Plan, as amended, 4,750,000 shares have been
reserved for issuance to eligible employees and directors as either Incentive
Stock Options or nonqualified options. Options under this plan are granted at
prices determined by the Board of Directors, but not less than the fair market
value on the date of grant, and expire ten years after the date of grant.
Generally, grants become exercisable at one fifty-fourth per month beginning six
months from date of grant.
In October 1990, the Company adopted the 1990 Outside Directors Stock
Option Plan to grant options to non-employee directors. This plan calls for an
annual grant of 2,500 options, at fair market value, to each outside director.
The options become exercisable at one fifty-fourth per month beginning six
months from date of grant and expire ten years from grant date. A total of
100,000 shares have been reserved for issuance under this plan.
Also in October 1990, the Company granted 66,957 options at fair market
value on the date of the grant to key employees in Israel. Of these options,
53,566 become exercisable ratably over 30 months, and the balance become
exercisable over 60 months.
In October 1990, the Company allowed all holders of outstanding options to
exchange higher priced options for new non-qualified options at $7.00 per share,
the fair market value on the date of the Board's action; 1,749,000 options were
exchanged. In August 1992, the Company allowed all holders of outstanding
options, with the exception of holders who were officers or directors of the
Company during all of fiscal 1992, to exchange higher priced options for new
non-qualified options at $7.50 per share, the fair market value on the date of
the Board's action; 412,000 options were exchanged.
Following is a summary of stock option transactions:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
STOCK RESERVED
OPTION OPTIONS SHARES
PRICE OUTSTANDING AVAILABLE
---------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at June 30, 1990.............................. $0.33-21.25 2,515,613 915,427
Options granted..................................... 7.00-13.50 2,691,831 (2,691,831)
Options cancelled................................... 0.33-21.25 (2,016,733) 2,016,733
Options exercised................................... 8.75-14.13 (81,602)
Increase in reserved shares......................... 666,957
---------- --------- ---------
Balance at June 30, 1991.............................. $3.17-21.25 3,109,109 907,286
Options granted..................................... 8.63-11.88 264,050 (264,050)
Options cancelled................................... 3.17-20.25 (231,665) 231,665
Options exercised................................... 3.17-13.00 (202,902)
---------- --------- ---------
Balance at June 30, 1992.............................. $6.13-21.25 2,938,592 874,901
Options granted..................................... 7.50-12.38 1,048,246 (1,048,246)
Options cancelled................................... 6.13-20.50 (594,311) 594,311
Options exercised................................... 6.13-14.00 (603,912)
---------- --------- ---------
Balance at June 30, 1993.............................. $7.00-21.25 2,788,615 420,966
---------- --------- ---------
</TABLE>
At June 30, 1993, options to purchase 1,094,000 shares of stock were
exercisable under all option plans.
The Company has reserved 1,700,000 shares of common stock to be issued
under the 1981 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. The Plan permits eligible employees
to purchase common stock, through payroll deductions, at 85% of the lower of the
fair market value of the common stock on the date at the beginning of the
two-year offering period or the last day of the purchase period. Substantially
all employees are eligible to participate in the Plan. At June 30, 1993, 410,000
shares were available for issuance under the Plan.
F-10
<PAGE> 41
KLA INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION
------------------------
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
NOTE 5 -- FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS
At June 30, 1993, the Company had two mortgage loans on its principal
facility, a $20 million interest-only mortgage due August 1995 at an interest
rate of 10.3% per annum and a $4 million interest-only mortgage due August 1993
at an interest rate of 6.4% per annum. Under the terms of the loan, the interest
rate on the $20 million mortgage will be reset in August 1993 to 5.4% per annum
and again in August 1994 based on market interest rates at that time. The
mortgage loans, which are secured by $30.3 million in land, buildings and
building improvements at June 30, 1993, require the Company to maintain, among
other things, minimum working capital and tangible net worth.
As of June 30, 1993, the Company had a $15 million multicurrency line of
credit with a bank, expiring December 31, 1993. The line of credit has a
commitment fee of 0.375% per annum. Interest on borrowings is based on the
bank's reference rate, or its applicable offshore rate plus 1%. The agreement
requires the Company to maintain, among other things, minimum quick ratio,
tangible net worth and profitability. The Company was in compliance with all of
these covenants. As of June 30, 1993, approximately $1.2 million had been
borrowed at the related offshore interest rates of 4.256% per annum.
In addition, certain of the Company's foreign subsidiaries have short term
local currency borrowings of approximately $1.4 million at an average interest
rate of 4.8% at June 30, 1993.
Based upon interest rates available to the Company for issuance of debt
with similar terms and remaining maturities, the fair value of the long-term
mortgage debt and notes payable was approximately equal to the recorded value.
NOTE 6 -- RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ARRANGEMENTS
The Company has entered into research and development arrangements with
certain key customers and other entities to partially fund the development of
new technology on a best efforts basis. In addition, prior to fiscal 1988, the
Company entered into research and development arrangements with several
partnerships to use its best efforts to develop certain new technologies. The
financial risks of these research and development arrangements are substantively
and genuinely those of the funding entities. In fiscal 1991, 1992 and 1993,
revenues of $2.9, $6.1 and $6.8 million, respectively, have been recognized on
these research and development contracts on the percentage of completion basis.
These revenues are offset against gross engineering, research and development
expenses.
Agreements with certain of the partnerships provide for warrants to
purchase 100,875 shares of the Company's common stock at $21.11 through August
1993.
NOTE 7 -- INVESTMENT IN ACROTEC
During fiscal 1991, the Company invested approximately $0.2 million cash
for an 8% equity investment in Acrotec, a Japanese company developing an
automated optical inspection device for flat panel displays utilizing base
technology provided by the Company. In addition, the Company has a research and
development arrangement with Acrotec to provide research, development and
engineering on a best efforts cost reimbursement basis. The Company received
$2.5 and $2.1 million in fiscal 1992 and 1993, respectively, under this research
and development arrangement and has recorded these amounts as a reduction of
engineering, research and development expenses (see Note 6). The Company is also
manufacturing test systems for Acrotec and recognized $2.2 and $2.8 million in
sales in fiscal 1992 and 1993, respectively. The Company has an option until
April 1994 to acquire an additional 43% equity interest in Acrotec for 350
million yen ($3.3 million at the current exchange rate as of June 30, 1993).
F-11
<PAGE> 42
KLA INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION
------------------------
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
NOTE 8 -- INCOME TAXES
The components of income (loss) from continuing operations before income
taxes were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1991 1992 1993
-------- -------- -------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Domestic.................................................... $ (2,615) $(22,582) $ 1,828
Foreign..................................................... 6,114 6,290 7,453
-------- -------- -------
$ 3,499 $(16,292) $ 9,281
-------- -------- -------
-------- -------- -------
</TABLE>
The provision for income taxes charged to continuing operations were as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1991 1992 1993
-------- -------- -------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Federal:
Currently payable (refundable)............................ $ (1,523) $ (1,698) $ 495
Deferred.................................................. 471 204 --
-------- -------- -------
(1,052) (1,494) 495
-------- -------- -------
State:
Currently payable......................................... 1,270 175 321
Deferred.................................................. (1,204) (175) --
-------- -------- -------
66 -- 321
-------- -------- -------
Foreign:
Currently payable......................................... 1,700 867 2,679
Deferred.................................................. 370 945 (1,175)
-------- -------- -------
2,070 1,812 1,504
-------- -------- -------
Provision for income taxes from continuing operations....... $ 1,084 $ 318 $ 2,320
-------- -------- -------
-------- -------- -------
</TABLE>
Following is a reconciliation of the effective income tax rates from
continuing operations and the United States statutory federal income tax rate:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1991 1992 1993
-------- -------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Statutory federal income tax rate........................... 34.0% (34.0)% 34.0%
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefits............. 1.9 -- 2.3
Effect of foreign operations at higher (lower) tax rates.... 21.3 (2.0) (11.1)
Non-taxable FSC income...................................... (19.4) -- --
Financial statement operating loss carryforward not
recognized because realization is uncertain............... -- 35.3 --
Realized deferred tax assets previously reserved............ -- -- (3.8)
Other....................................................... (6.8) 2.7 3.6
-------- -------- -------
Effective tax rate.......................................... 31.0% 2.0% 25.0%
-------- -------- -------
-------- -------- -------
</TABLE>
F-12
<PAGE> 43
KLA INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION
------------------------
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
Deferred tax liabilities (assets) under FAS 109 at July 1, 1992 and June
30, 1993 (including reclassification for comparative purposes)are comprised of
the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
JUNE
JULY 1, 30,
1992 1993
-------- -------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation...................................................... $ 4,342 $ 4,317
Unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries not permanently
reinvested....................................................... 3,902 2,726
Capitalized software.............................................. 1,963 1,679
Other............................................................. 963 1,596
-------- -------
11,170 10,318
-------- -------
-------- -------
Deferred tax assets:
Inventory reserves and basis differences.......................... (9,357) (9,876)
Federal and state loss and credit carryforwards................... (5,279) (4,816)
Other asset valuation reserves.................................... (2,079) (1,874)
Reserves for restructured and discontinued operations............. (1,749) (668)
Employee benefit accruals......................................... (1,026) (1,528)
Warranty and installation accruals................................ (674) (934)
Other............................................................. (984) (853)
-------- -------
(21,148) (20,549)
-------- -------
Deferred tax assets valuation allowance............................... 13,746 13,395
-------- -------
Total net deferred tax liabilities.......................... $ 3,768 $ 3,164
-------- -------
-------- -------
</TABLE>
The income tax effect of timing differences for fiscal 1991 and 1992 under
APB 11 were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1991 1992
-------- -------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Installment method of sales revenue accounting for tax reporting
purposes............................................................ $ (1,500) $ --
Excess of tax over book depreciation.................................. 191 --
Financial statement accruals and valuation accounts currently
deductible.......................................................... 333 --
Undistributed income of foreign subsidiaries not permanently
reinvested.......................................................... 857 945
Other................................................................. (244) 29
-------- -------
$ (363) $ 974
-------- -------
-------- -------
</TABLE>
The Company has a net operating loss carry forward for U.S. federal income
tax purposes of approximately $1.2 million that expires in fiscal 2007. The
Company has federal research and development and other tax credit carryovers of
approximately $4.0 million at June 30, 1993, that expire primarily in fiscal
1999 through 2007. In addition, the Company has U.S. tax deductions aggregating
approximately $5.7 million as a result of the exercise of employee stock
options, the tax benefit of which has not been realized. The tax benefit of this
deduction, when realized, will be accounted for as a credit to additional
paid-in capital rather than a reduction of the income tax provision.
The deferred tax assets valuation allowance at both July 1, 1992 and June
30, 1993 is attributed to U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets. Management
believes sufficient uncertainty exists regarding the realizability of these
items such that a full valuation allowance has been recorded at both the
beginning and end of the year. During fiscal 1993, the Company realized $0.4
million of deferred tax assets reserved at the beginning of the year, reducing
the valuation allowance by a corresponding amount. In accordance with FAS 109,
the valuation allowance is allocated pro rata to federal and state current and
noncurrent deferred tax assets. Net deferred tax liabilities at July 1, 1992,
and June 30, 1993, relate principally to foreign operations.
F-13
<PAGE> 44
KLA INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION
------------------------
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
The Company's manufacturing operations in Switzerland have an income tax
holiday through 2001. The effect of this tax holiday was to increase net income
in fiscal 1993 by approximately $0.6 million ($0.03 per share) and was not
significant in prior years.
NOTE 9 -- COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company leases several facilities under operating leases expiring at
various dates through fiscal 2025 with renewal options at fair market value for
additional periods ranging up to ten years. The aggregate minimum rental
commitment as of June 30, 1993, under these lease agreements, excluding property
taxes, insurance and certain other costs to be paid by the Company, are
approximately $2.4, $2.2, $1.2, $0.9, $0.9 and $1.6 million in fiscal 1994
through 1998 and thereafter, respectively. Total rental expense under all
operating leases was $2.8, $3.2 and $2.9 million in fiscal 1991, 1992 and 1993,
respectively.
The Company is the plaintiff in a patent infringement lawsuit in which the
defendant has filed a counterclaim against the Company, and the Company is a
defendant in other litigation arising in the normal course of business. Also in
the normal course of business, the Company from time to time receives and makes
inquiries with regard to possible patent infringement. The Company believes that
it is unlikely that the outcome of this litigation or of the patent infringement
inquiries will have an adverse material effect on the Company's financial
position or results of operations.
NOTE 10 -- STOCK PURCHASE RIGHTS
In March 1989, the Company implemented a plan to protect stockholders'
rights in the event of a proposed takeover of the Company. Under the plan, each
share of the Company's outstanding common stock carries one Common Stock
Purchase Right (Right). The Right entitles the holder, under certain
circumstances, to purchase common stock of the Company or its acquirer at a
discounted price. The Rights are redeemable by the Company and expire in 1999.
NOTE 11 -- FISCAL 1992 RESTRUCTURING
Restructuring charges in fiscal 1992 of $8.2 million include $2.4 million
for costs associated with the discontinuance of the EMMI product line, $1.6
million of anticipated expenses for eliminating one corporate facility, $0.9
million in severance costs, and $3.2 million for costs associated with a
redefinition of certain product strategies. During fiscal 1993, a $0.7 million
recovery was recognized on the sale of the EMMI product line.
NOTE 12 -- DISCONTINUED PCB BUSINESS
In the second quarter of fiscal 1991, the Company decided to divest its
printed circuit board (PCB) inspection business and recorded a $15 million
pretax charge as a result. In October 1991, the Company entered into an
agreement to sell substantially all of the assets and related technology of the
PCB business for approximately $4.3 million plus future royalties. The agreement
required the Company to transfer the technology, provide training and develop
certain software to enhance the product. The Company recognized a $2.8 million
recovery of the fiscal 1991 provision in the third quarter of fiscal 1992 upon
substantial completion of its obligations under the sale agreement. The Company
has received cash of $3.3 million from the sale to date. The remaining $1
million is included in other current assets and will be received June 30, 1994.
The consolidated statement of operations and related notes segregate the
discontinued PCB business from continuing operations. Revenues from this
business were $2.1 and $0.6 million in fiscal years 1991 and 1992, respectively.
The phaseout period losses aggregated approximately $1.3 and $1.5 million in
fiscal 1991 and 1992, respectively.
F-14
<PAGE> 45
KLA INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION
------------------------
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
NOTE 13 -- UNAUDITED QUARTERLY STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
QUARTERS ENDED
---------------------------------------------------
SEPTEMBER 30, DECEMBER 31, MARCH 31, JUNE 30,
------------- ------------ --------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1992
Net sales............................... $40,984 $ 39,628 $42,720 $ 32,631
Gross profit............................ 16,616 16,746 16,581 6,027
Restructuring charges................... -- 384 2,160 5,614
Income (loss) from continuing
operations........................... 412 330 (2,424) (14,928)
Recovery of loss from discontinued
operations........................... -- -- 2,800 --
Net income (loss)....................... 412 330 376 (14,928)
Income (loss) per share from continuing
operations........................... 0.02 0.02 (0.13) (0.80)
Income per share from discontinued
operations........................... -- -- 0.15 --
Net income (loss) per share............. $ 0.02 $ 0.02 $ 0.02 $ (0.80)
Weighted average common and dilutive
common equivalent shares
outstanding.......................... 18,990 18,827 19,208 18,627
YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1993
Net sales............................... $38,459 $ 38,654 $42,240 $ 47,883
Gross profit............................ 12,978 13,600 15,607 17,585
Restructuring charges (recovery)........ -- (718) -- --
Net income.............................. 571 1,369 1,951 3,070
Net income per share.................... $ 0.03 $ 0.07 $ 0.10 $ 0.15
Weighted average common and dilutive
common equivalent shares
outstanding.......................... 18,884 19,471 20,007 20,466
</TABLE>
F-15
<PAGE> 46
KLA INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION
------------------------
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
(UNAUDITED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
QUARTERS ENDED
SEPTEMBER 30,
-------------------
1992 1993
------- -------
<S> <C> <C>
Net sales................................................................ $38,459 $51,904
------- -------
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales.......................................................... 25,481 31,161
Engineering, research and development.................................. 4,015 4,929
Selling, general and administrative.................................... 7,504 9,933
------- -------
37,000 46,023
------- -------
Income from operations................................................... 1,459 5,881
Interest income and other, net........................................... 266 173
Interest expense......................................................... (963) (496)
------- -------
Income before income taxes............................................... 762 5,558
Provision for income taxes............................................... 191 1,392
------- -------
Net income............................................................... $ 571 $ 4,166
------- -------
------- -------
Net income per share..................................................... $ 0.03 $ 0.20
------- -------
------- -------
Weighted average common and dilutive common equivalent shares
outstanding............................................................ 18,884 20,798
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial information.
F-16
<PAGE> 47
KLA INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION
------------------------
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
(IN THOUSANDS)
(UNAUDITED)
ASSETS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
JUNE 30, SEPTEMBER 30,
1993 1993
------------- -------------
-------------
<S> <C> <C>
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents.................................... $ 52,362 $ 37,569
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $1,469 and
$1,465.................................................... 48,077 64,945
Inventories.................................................. 42,489 42,742
Deferred income taxes........................................ 3,917 3,917
Other current assets......................................... 4,724 4,773
------------- -------------
Total current assets................................. 151,569 153,946
Land, property and equipment, net.............................. 39,384 37,971
Other assets................................................... 8,136 7,751
------------- -------------
Total assets......................................... $ 199,089 $ 199,668
------------- -------------
------------- -------------
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Notes payable and current portion of long-term debt.......... $ 6,532 $ 2,627
Accounts payable............................................. 8,953 9,383
Income taxes payable......................................... 9,403 9,711
Other current liabilities.................................... 33,070 30,817
------------- -------------
Total current liabilities............................ 57,958 52,538
------------- -------------
Deferred income taxes.......................................... 7,081 7,081
Long-term debt................................................. 20,000 20,000
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 1,000 shares authorized,
none issued and outstanding............................... -- --
Common shares, $0.001 par value, 75,000 shares authorized,
19,503 and 19,657 shares issued and outstanding........... 20 20
Capital in excess of par value............................... 64,638 66,317
Retained earnings............................................ 50,087 54,253
Treasury stock............................................... (581) (581)
Cumulative translation adjustment............................ (114) 40
------------- -------------
Total stockholders' equity........................... 114,050 120,049
------------- -------------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity........... $ 199,089 $ 199,668
------------- -------------
------------- -------------
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial information.
F-17
<PAGE> 48
KLA INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION
------------------------
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(IN THOUSANDS)
(UNAUDITED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
QUARTERS ENDED
SEPTEMBER 30,
--------------------
1992 1993
------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income............................................................ $ 571 $ 4,166
------- --------
Adjustments required to reconcile net income to cash provided by (used
for)
operations:
Depreciation and amortization...................................... 2,434 2,408
Investment write-downs............................................. 84 --
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable.............................................. (3,749) (16,841)
Inventories...................................................... 3,217 (171)
Other current assets............................................. (506) (37)
Accounts payable................................................. 943 428
Accrued compensation and benefits................................ (1,486) (184)
Accrued warranty and installation................................ (97) 560
Income taxes payable............................................. (21) 295
Other current liabilities........................................ (1,784) (2,244)
Other assets..................................................... 110 (42)
------- --------
(855) (15,828)
------- --------
Cash (used for) operations.............................................. (284) (11,662)
------- --------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures.................................................. (401) (756)
Capitalization of software development costs.......................... (298) (248)
------- --------
Cash (used for) investing activities.................................... (699) (1,004)
------- --------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Short-term borrowings, net............................................ (245) (3,931)
Sales of common stock................................................. 14 1,679
------- --------
Cash (used for) financing activities.................................. (231) (2,252)
------- --------
Effect of exchange rate changes......................................... 65 125
------- --------
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents........................ (1,149) (14,793)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period........................ 23,711 52,362
------- --------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period.............................. $22,562 $ 37,569
------- --------
------- --------
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest.............................................................. $ 945 $ 440
Income taxes.......................................................... $ 362 $ 781
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
F-18
<PAGE> 49
KLA INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION
------------------------
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
(UNAUDITED)
1. This information is unaudited but, in the opinion of the Company's
management, all adjustments (consisting only of adjustments that are of a normal
recurring nature) necessary for a fair statement of results have been included.
The results for the quarter ended September 30, 1993, are not necessarily
indicative of results to be expected for the entire year. This financial
information should be read in conjunction with the Company's consolidated
financial statements for the year ended June 30, 1993.
2. Details of Certain Balance Sheet Components
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
JUNE 30, SEPTEMBER 30,
1993 1993
------------- -------------
-------------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C>
Inventories:
Customer service spares............................. $13,530 $12,963
Systems raw materials............................... 8,389 7,923
Work-in-process..................................... 10,004 9,046
Demonstration equipment............................. 10,566 12,810
------------- -------------
$42,489 $42,742
------------- -------------
------------- -------------
Other Accrued Liabilities:
Accrued compensation and benefits................... $11,682 $11,506
Accrued warranty and installation................... 12,188 12,791
Unearned service contract revenue................... 2,854 2,651
Other............................................... 6,346 3,869
------------- -------------
$33,070 $30,817
------------- -------------
------------- -------------
</TABLE>
F-19
<PAGE> 50
- ------------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------
NO PERSON IS AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY INFORMATION OR TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION
NOT CONTAINED OR INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE IN THIS PROSPECTUS, AND ANY
INFORMATION OR REPRESENTATION NOT CONTAINED OR INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE HEREIN
MUST NOT BE RELIED UPON AS HAVING BEEN AUTHORIZED BY THE COMPANY OR ANY
UNDERWRITER. THIS PROSPECTUS DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER OF ANY SECURITIES
OTHER THAN THE REGISTERED SECURITIES TO WHICH IT RELATES OR AN OFFER TO ANY
PERSON IN ANY JURISDICTION WHERE SUCH AN OFFER WOULD BE UNLAWFUL. NEITHER THE
DELIVERY OF THIS PROSPECTUS NOR ANY SALES MADE HEREUNDER SHALL, UNDER ANY
CIRCUMSTANCES, CREATE ANY IMPLICATION THAT THERE HAS BEEN NO CHANGE IN THE
AFFAIRS OF THE COMPANY SINCE THE DATE HEREOF.
------------------------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
-----
<S> <C>
Prospectus Summary................... 3
Risk Factors......................... 5
Use of Proceeds...................... 8
Capitalization....................... 8
Price Range of Common Stock.......... 9
Selected Consolidated Financial
Data............................... 10
Management's Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations...................... 11
Business............................. 15
Management........................... 24
Description of Capital Stock......... 26
Underwriting......................... 28
Legal Matters........................ 29
Experts.............................. 29
Available Information................ 29
Incorporation of Certain Documents By
Reference.......................... 29
Index to Consolidated Financial
Statements......................... F-1
</TABLE>
- ------------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------
2,000,000 SHARES
[LOGO]
KLA INSTRUMENTS
CORPORATION
COMMON STOCK
------------------
PROSPECTUS
------------------
KIDDER, PEABODY & CO.
INCORPORATED
MORGAN STANLEY & CO.
INCORPORATED
- ------------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------
<PAGE> 51
APPENDIX
GRAPHIC PRESENTATION MATERIAL
Inside Front Cover of Prospectus
A collage consisting of (1) a schematic representation showing potential
configurations of the Company's process monitors in a fabrication facility and
(2) photographs of wafer defect maps, a workstation displaying relational
database information, and various types of defects on wafers, with captions
describing these items.
Inside Back Cover of Prospectus
A collage consisting of a photograph, in the center, of one of the
Company's process monitoring systems, and additional photographs depicting
various technologies and components incorporated in this system, including (1)
image acquisition and image conversion subsystems, (2) a precision mechanical
assembly, (3) an image computer on a printed circuit board, (4) a database
analysis workstation, and (5) a computer screen displaying charts of wafer
inspection data, with captions describing these matters.
<PAGE> 52
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
ITEM 14. OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION.
The following table sets forth the various expenses in connection with the
sale and distribution of the securities being registered, other than
underwriting discounts and commissions. All of the amounts shown are estimates
except the Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee, the Nasdaq
National Market listing fee and the NASD filing fee.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TO BE PAID
BY THE
REGISTRANT
<S> <C>
Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee....................... $ 21,414
NASD filing fee........................................................... 6,710
The Nasdaq National Market listing fee.................................... 17,500
Accounting fees and expenses.............................................. 90,000
Printing.................................................................. 110,000
Transfer agent and registrar fees and expenses............................ 2,500
Blue Sky fees and expenses (including counsel fees)....................... 12,000
Legal fees and expenses................................................... 140,000
Miscellaneous expenses.................................................... 99,876
----------
Total $ 500,000
----------
----------
</TABLE>
ITEM 15. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS.
In 1986, Delaware enacted legislation which authorizes corporations to
eliminate the personal liability of directors to corporations and their
stockholders for monetary damages for breach or alleged breach of directors'
fiduciary "duty of care." Prior to this legislation, directors were accountable
to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages for conduct
constituting gross negligence in the exercise of their duty of care. Numerous
complaints alleging breach of directors' duty of care have been filed in
connection with corporate mergers and acquisitions, and although the statute
does not change directors' duty of care, it enables corporations to limit
available relief to equitable remedies such as injunction or rescission. The
legislation has no effect on directors' (1) duty of loyalty, (2) acts or
omissions not in good faith or involving intentional misconduct or knowing
violations of law, (3) illegal payment of dividends or (4) approval of any
transaction from which a director derives an improper personal benefit. The
validity and scope of the new statute has not been interpreted to any
significant extent by Delaware courts. The statute has no effect on claims
arising under the federal securities laws.
The Company's Certificate of Incorporation includes the provision
authorized by the statute to eliminate the personal liability of its directors
for monetary damages for breach or alleged breach of their duty of care. The
Company's Bylaws provide that the Company shall indemnify its directors,
officers, employees, and agents to the full extent permitted by the Delaware
General Corporation Law, including in circumstances in which indemnification is
otherwise discretionary under such law. In addition, with the approval of the
Board of Directors and the stockholders, the Company has entered into separate
indemnification agreements with its directors, officers and certain employees
which require the Company, among other things, to indemnify them against certain
liabilities which may arise by reason of their status or service (other than
liabilities arising from willful misconduct of a culpable nature) and to obtain
directors' and officers' insurance, if available on reasonable terms.
Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law provides for the
indemnification of officers, directors and other corporate agents in terms
sufficiently broad to indemnify such persons, under certain circumstances, for
liabilities (including reimbursement of expenses incurred) arising under the
Securities Act of 1933.
II-1
<PAGE> 53
The Underwriting Agreement between the Company and the Underwriters will
contain provisions regarding indemnification of directors and officers of the
Company by the Underwriters.
ITEM 16. EXHIBITS.
The following exhibits are filed with this Registration Statement:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER EXHIBIT TITLE
- ------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
1.1** Form of Underwriting Agreement.
3.1* Certificate of Incorporation, as amended and restated.
4.1* Rights Agreement, which is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1 of
Registrant's Form 8-A, filed on March 24, 1989.
5.1** Legal opinion of Gray Cary Ware & Freidenrich, counsel to the
Registrant.
24.1** Consent of Price Waterhouse, independent accountants (included on page
II-4).
24.2** Consent of Gray Cary Ware & Freidenrich (included in Exhibit 5.1
hereto).
25.1* Power of Attorney (included on page II-3).
</TABLE>
- ---------------
* Previously filed.
** Filed with this Amendment.
ITEM 17. UNDERTAKINGS.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of
determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Act"), each
filing of the registrant's annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section
15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing
of an employee benefit plan's annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the
registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement
relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities
at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Act may be
permitted to directors, officers, and controlling persons of the registrant
pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been
advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such
indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is,
therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against
such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred
or paid by a director, officer, or controlling person of the registrant in the
successful defense of any action, suit, or proceeding) is asserted by such
director, officer, or controlling person in connection with the securities being
registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter
has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate
jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public
policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of
such issue.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:
(1) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act
of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part
of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in
a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or
(4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this
registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.
(2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities
Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of
prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to
the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that
time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
II-2
<PAGE> 54
SIGNATURES
PURSUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, THE REGISTRANT
CERTIFIES THAT IT HAS REASONABLE GROUNDS TO BELIEVE THAT IT MEETS ALL OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR FILING ON FORM S-3 AND HAS DULY CAUSED THIS AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO
REGISTRATION STATEMENT TO BE SIGNED ON ITS BEHALF BY THE UNDERSIGNED, THEREUNTO
DULY AUTHORIZED, IN THE CITY OF SAN JOSE, STATE OF CALIFORNIA, ON THE 21ST DAY
OF JANUARY, 1994.
KLA INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION
By: /s/ KENNETH LEVY
Kenneth Levy, Chief Executive
Officer
PURSUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, THIS AMENDMENT
NO. 1 TO REGISTRATION STATEMENT HAS BEEN SIGNED BELOW ON JANUARY 21, 1994 BY THE
FOLLOWING PERSONS IN THE CAPACITIES INDICATED.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIGNATURE TITLE
<C> <S> <C>
/s/ KENNETH LEVY Chief Executive Officer and
- --------------------------------------------- Chairman of the Board
(Kenneth Levy) (Principal Executive Officer)
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<C> <S> <C>
ROBERT J. BOEHLKE* Vice President, Finance and
- --------------------------------------------- Administration, and Chief
(Robert J. Boehlke) Financial Officer (Principal
Accounting and Financial
Officer)
ROBERT R. ANDERSON* Director and Vice Chairman of
- --------------------------------------------- the Board
(Robert R. Anderson)
KENNETH L. SCHROEDER* Director, President, and Chief
- --------------------------------------------- Operating Officer
(Kenneth L. Schroeder)
LEO J. CHAMBERLAIN* Director
- ---------------------------------------------
(Leo J. Chamberlain)
ROBERT E. LORENZINI* Director
- ---------------------------------------------
(Robert E. Lorenzini)
DR. YOSHIO NISHI* Director
- ---------------------------------------------
(Dr. Yoshio Nishi)
SAMUEL RUBINOVITZ* Director
- ---------------------------------------------
(Samuel Rubinovitz)
DAG TELLEFSEN* Director
- ---------------------------------------------
(Dag Tellefsen)
By* /s/ KENNETH LEVY
(Kenneth Levy, Attorney-in-Fact)
</TABLE>
II-3
<PAGE> 55
EXHIBIT 24.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
We hereby consent to the use in the Prospectus constituting part of this
Registration Statement on Form S-3 of our report dated July 28, 1993, relating
to the consolidated financial statements of KLA Instruments Corporation, which
appears in such Prospectus. We also consent to the application of such report to
the Financial Statement Schedules for the three years ended June 30, 1993 listed
under Item 14(a) of the KLA Instruments Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the year ended June 30, 1993 when such schedules are read in conjunction
with the consolidated financial statements referred to in our report. The audits
referred to in such report also included these Financial Statement Schedules. We
also consent to the references to us under the headings "Experts" and "Selected
Consolidated Financial Data" in such Prospectus. However, it should be noted
that Price Waterhouse has not prepared or certified such "Selected Consolidated
Financial Data."
PRICE WATERHOUSE
San Jose, California
January 21, 1994
II-4
<PAGE> 56
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SEQUENTIALLY
EXHIBIT NUMBERED
NUMBER EXHIBITS PAGE
- ------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
<C> <S> <C>
1.1** Form of Underwriting Agreement..............................................
3.1* Certificate of Incorporation, as amended and restated.......................
4.1* Rights Agreement, which is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1 of
Registrant's Form 8-A, filed on March 24, 1989..............................
5.1** Legal opinion of Gray Cary Ware & Freidenrich, counsel to the Registrant....
24.1** Consent of Price Waterhouse, independent accountants (included on page
II-4).......................................................................
24.2** Consent of Gray Cary Ware & Freidenrich (included in Exhibit 5.1 hereto)....
25.1* Power of Attorney (included on page II-3)...................................
</TABLE>
- ---------------
* Previously filed.
** Filed with this Amendment.
<PAGE> 1
2,000,000 Shares
KLA INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION
Common Stock
$.001 par value
UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
January __, 1994
KIDDER, PEABODY & CO. INCORPORATED
MORGAN STANLEY & CO. INCORPORATED,
As Representatives of the Several Underwriters,
c/o Kidder, Peabody & Co. Incorporated
10 Hanover Square
New York, N.Y. 10005
Gentlemen:
KLA INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation ("Company"), confirms
its agreement with the several Underwriters listed in Schedule A hereto
("Underwriters") as follows:
1. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES. The Company proposes to issue and sell to the
several Underwriters two million (2,000,000) shares of its Common Stock, $.001
par value ("Common Stock"). Such 2,000,000 shares of Common Stock are
hereinafter referred to as the "Securities".
2. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY. The Company represents and
warrants to, and agrees with, each Underwriter that:
<PAGE> 2
(a) A registration statement (File No. 33-51819) with respect to the
Securities, including a preliminary form of prospectus, has been carefully
prepared by the Company in conformity with the requirements of the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended ("Act"), and the rules and regulations ("Rules and
Regulations") of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("Commission")
thereunder and filed with the Commission and has become effective. Such
registration statement may have been amended prior to the date of this
Agreement; any such amendment has also been prepared and filed in conformity
with the Act and the Rules and Regulations, and any such amendment filed
after the effective date of such registration statement has become effective.
No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the registration statement has
been issued, and, to the Company's knowledge, no proceeding for that purpose
has been instituted or threatened by the Commission. A final form of
prospectus has been or will be so prepared and will be filed pursuant to Rule
424(b) of the Rules and Regulations on or before the second business day
after the date hereof (or such earlier time as may be required by the Rules
and Regulations); and the Rules and Regulations do not require the Company
to, and, without your consent, the Company will not, file a post- effective
amendment after the time of execution of this Agreement and prior to the
filing of such final form of prospectus. Copies of such registration
statement, any such amendments, each related preliminary prospectus
("Preliminary Prospectus") and all documents incorporated by reference
therein that were filed with the Commission on or prior to the date of this
Agreement (including one fully executed copy of the registration statement
and of each amendment thereto for each of you and for counsel for the
Underwriters) have been delivered to you. Such registration statement, as it
may have heretofore been amended and including any information deemed by
virtue of Rule 430A(b) of the Rules and Regulations to be part of such
registration statement at the time it was declared effective, is referred to
herein as the "Registration Statement", and such final form of prospectus, in
the form in which it is first filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Rules and
Regulations is referred to herein as the "Prospectus". Any reference herein
to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any amendment or supplement
thereto or any Preliminary Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include
the documents incorporated by reference therein, and any reference herein to
the terms "amend", "amendment" or "supplement" with respect to the
Registration Statement or Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include
the filing after the execution hereof of any document with the Commission
deemed to be incorporated by reference therein.
(b) Each part of the Registration Statement, when such part became or
becomes effective, each Preliminary Prospectus, on the date of filing thereof
with the Commission, and the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement
thereto, on the date of filing thereof with the Commission and at the Closing
Date (as hereinafter defined), conformed or will conform in all material
respects with the requirements of the Act and the Rules and Regulations; each
part of the registration statement, when such part became or becomes
effective, did not or will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact
or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary
to make the statements therein not misleading; the Prospectus and any
amendment or supplement thereto, on the date of filing thereof with the
Commission and at the Closing Date, did not or will not include an untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to
make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which
they were made, not misleading; except that the foregoing shall not apply to
statements in or omissions from any such document in reliance upon, and in
conformity with, written information relating to any Underwriter and
furnished to the Company by you, or by any Underwriter through you,
specifically for use in the preparation thereof.
(c) The documents incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement,
the Prospectus, any amendment or supplement thereto or any Preliminary
Prospectus, when they became or become effective under the Act or were or are
filed with the Commission under the Securities Exchange Act
2
<PAGE> 3
of 1934, as amended ("Exchange Act"), as the case may be, conformed or will
conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Act or the
Exchange Act, as applicable, and the rules and regulations of the Commission
thereunder. The Company and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement
meet the requirements for using Form S-3 under the Act.
(d) The financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries, together
with related schedules and notes set forth in the Registration Statement and
Prospectus, fairly present the financial condition of the Company and its
subsidiaries as of the dates indicated and the results of operations and
changes in financial position for the periods therein specified in conformity
with generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied throughout
the periods involved (except as otherwise disclosed therein) and, except as
disclosed in the Prospectus, the other financial information and financial
and statistical data set forth in the Prospectus including all references to
the amount of the Company's "backlog" are fairly presented and prepared on a
basis consistent with such financial statements and the books and records of
the Company.
(e) The Company and each of its subsidiaries has been duly incorporated
and is an existing corporation in good standing under the laws of its
jurisdiction of incorporation, has full power and authority (corporate and
other) to conduct its business as described in the Registration Statement and
Prospectus and is duly qualified to do business in each jurisdiction in which
it owns or leases real property or in which the conduct of its business
requires such qualification except where the failure to be so qualified,
considering all such cases in the aggregate, does not involve a material risk
to the business, properties, financial position or results of operations of
the Company and its subsidiaries; and all of the outstanding shares of
capital stock of each such subsidiary have been duly authorized and validly
issued, are fully paid and non-assessable and (except as otherwise stated in
the Registration Statement) are owned beneficially by the Company subject to
no security interest, other encumbrance or adverse claim. All of the
Company's subsidiaries are listed in an exhibit to the Company's annual
report on Form 10-K which is incorporated by reference into the Registration
Statement.
(f) The outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company and the
Securities have been duly authorized and are, or when issued as contemplated
hereby will be, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and conform, or
when so issued will conform, to the description thereof in the Prospectus and
are free of any preemptive rights, contractual rights to purchase or other
similar rights created by the Company or, to the Company's knowledge, by any
other person. The shareholders of the Company have no preemptive rights with
respect to the Securities. The Company's capitalization and ownership of its
capital stock as of December 31, 1993 is as set forth in the Registration
Statement and Prospectus.
(g) Except as contemplated in the Prospectus, subsequent to the respective
dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement and the
Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has incurred any
liabilities or obligations, direct or
3
<PAGE> 4
contingent, or entered into any transactions, not in the ordinary course of
business, that are material to the Company and its subsidiaries, and there
has not been any material change, on a consolidated basis, in the capital
stock, short-term debt or long-term debt of the Company and its subsidiaries,
or any material adverse change in the condition (financial or other),
business, prospects, net worth or results of operations of the Company and
its subsidiaries.
(h) Except as set forth in the Prospectus, there is not pending or, to the
knowledge of the Company, threatened any action, suit or proceeding to which
the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party, or to which any of their
respective properties is subject, before or by any court or governmental
agency or body, that are required to be disclosed in the Registration
Statement or the Prospectus but are not described as required or that might
result in any material adverse change in the condition (financial or other),
business, prospects, net worth or results of operations of the Company and
its subsidiaries, or might materially and adversely affect the properties or
assets thereof.
(i) There are no contracts or documents of the Company or any of its
subsidiaries that are required to be described in or filed as exhibits to the
Registration Statement or the Prospectus or to any of the documents
incorporated by reference therein by the Act or the Exchange Act or by the
rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder that have not been so
described or filed.
(j) The performance of this Agreement, the consummation of the
transactions herein contemplated and the fulfillment of the terms herein,
will not result in a breach or violation of any of the terms and provisions
of, or constitute a default under (i) any statute, (ii) any agreement or
instrument to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by
which it is bound or to which any of the property of the Company or any of
its subsidiaries is subject, (iii) the charter or by-laws of the Company or
any of its subsidiaries, or (iv) any order, rule or regulation of any court
or governmental agency or body having jurisdiction over the Company or any of
its properties or any of its subsidiaries, which breach, violation or
default, in the case of (i), (ii) or (iv) would have a material adverse
effect on the business or financial condition of the Company and its
subsidiaries taken as a whole; no consent, approval, authorization or order
of, or filing with, any court or governmental agency or body is required for
the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement in
connection with the issuance or sale of the Securities by the Company, except
such as may be required under the Act or state securities laws; the
consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement will not
result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon
any property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries pursuant to
the terms of any agreement or instrument to which any of them is a party or
by which any of the property or assets of any of them is bound which lien,
charge or encumbrance would have a material adverse effect on the business or
financial condition of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole;
and the Company has full power and
4
<PAGE> 5
authority to authorize, issue and sell the Securities as contemplated by this
Agreement free of any preemptive rights.
(k) Each of the Company and its subsidiaries holds, and has performed all
of its obligations with respect to, all license, franchises, permits,
consents and certificates in each jurisdiction or place where the conduct of
its business requires such licenses, franchises, permits, consents,
certificates or qualification and where failure to be so licensed would have
a material adverse effect on the business or financial condition of the
Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole.
(l) Each of the Company and its subsidiaries is in compliance in all
material respects with all laws, regulations, orders and decrees applicable
to it the violation of which would have a material adverse effect on the
business or financial condition of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as
a whole.
(m) To its knowledge, the Company owns, or possesses adequate right to
use, all patents, inventions, trademarks, service marks, tradenames,
copyrights and proprietary rights necessary for the conduct of its business
as described in the Prospectus. Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, the
Company has not received any notice of conflict with the asserted proprietary
rights of others which materially adversely affects the business of the
Company and its subsidiaries, and does not know of any basis therefor. There
are no legal or governmental proceedings pending relating to patents,
trademarks, service marks or proprietary information, to which the Company or
any subsidiary is a party or of which any property of the Company or any
subsidiary is the subject and, to the Company's knowledge, no such
proceedings are threatened or contemplated by governmental authorities or
threatened by others.
(n) The Company and its subsidiaries hold good and marketable title in fee
simple, except as otherwise stated in the Prospectus, to all of the real
property referred to therein as being owned by them, free and clear of all
liens and encumbrances, except liens and encumbrances referred to in the
Prospectus (or reflected in the financial statements included therein) and
liens and encumbrances which are not material in the aggregate and do not
materially interfere with the conduct of the business of the Company and its
subsidiaries.
(o) The Company and its subsidiaries have filed all tax returns required
to be filed and are not in default in the payment of any taxes which were
payable pursuant to said returns or any assessments with respect thereto,
other than any which the Company or any such subsidiary is contesting in good
faith and other than where any such failures or defaults, taken in the
aggregate, would not have a material adverse effect on the business or
financial condition of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole.
(p) Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in violation of its
charter or by-laws and no default exists (and no event has occurred which
with notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute a default) in
5
<PAGE> 6
the due performance of any obligation, agreement or condition contained in
any material bond, debenture, note or any other evidence of indebtedness or
in any material agreement, indenture or other instrument to which it is a
party or by which it is bound which default would have a material adverse
effect on the business or financial condition of the Company and its
subsidiaries, taken as a whole.
(q) The accountants who have certified or shall certify the financial
statements filed or to be filed with the Commission as parts of the
Registration Statement and the Prospectus are independent public accountants
as required by the Act.
(r) This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the
Company and is a legal, valid and binding agreement of the Company,
enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as rights to indemnity and
contribution hereunder may be limited by applicable law and as enforcement
hereof may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar laws
affecting creditors' rights generally, and subject to the applicability of
general principles of equity.
(s) To the Company's knowledge, no labor disturbance by the employees of
the Company and its subsidiaries exists or is imminent.
(t) No holders of Common Stock or other securities of the Company have
registration rights with respect to such securities which are triggered by
this offering, except for registration rights which have been waived with
respect to this offering.
(u) The Commission has not issued any order preventing or suspending the
use of any Preliminary Prospectus.
(v) The Company has not distributed and, prior to the later to occur of
(i) the Closing Date and (ii) completion of the distribution of the
Securities, will not distribute any offering material in connection with the
offering and sale of the Securities other than the Registration Statement,
the Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus or other materials, if any,
permitted by the Act.
(w) The Company maintains a system of internal accounting controls
sufficient to provide reasonable assurances that (i) material transactions
are executed in accordance with management's general or specific
authorization; (ii) material transactions are recorded as necessary to permit
preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles and to maintain accountability for assets; (iii) access
to material assets is permitted only in accordance with management's general
or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for material
assets is compared with existing material assets at reasonable intervals and
appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences.
(x) To the Company's knowledge, neither the Company nor any of its
subsidiaries nor any employee or agent of the Company or any of its
6
<PAGE> 7
subsidiaries has made any payment of funds of the Company or any subsidiary
or received or retained any funds in violation of any law, rule or
regulation, which payment, receipt or retention of funds is of a character
required to be disclosed in the Prospectus.
(y) The Company has complied with all provisions of Florida Statutes
Section 517.075, relating to issuers doing business with Cuba.
3. PURCHASE, SALE AND DELIVERY OF SECURITIES. On the basis of the
representations, warranties and agreements herein contained, but subject to the
terms and conditions herein set forth, the Company agrees to issue and sell to
each Underwriter, and each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to
purchase from the Company, at a purchase price of $______ per share the amount
of Securities set forth opposite the name of such Underwriter in Schedule A
hereto.
The Securities will be delivered by the Company to you for the accounts of
the Underwriters against payment of the purchase price therefor by certified or
official bank check or checks in New York Clearing House (next day) funds
payable to the order of the Company at the office of Kidder Peabody & Co.
Incorporated, 10 Hanover Square, New York, New York, 10005, on the fifth
business day after the date of this Agreement (or if the New York or American
Stock Exchanges or commercial banks in The City of New York are not open on
such day, the next day on which such exchanges and banks are open), or at such
other time not later than eight full business days thereafter as you and the
Company determine, such time being herein referred to as the "Closing Date".
The Securities will be prepared in definitive form and in such authorized
denominations and registered in such names as you may request upon at least two
business days' prior notice to the Company and will be made available for
checking and packaging at the office of Kidder Peabody & Co. Incorporated, 10
Hanover Square, New York, New York, 10005, at least one business day prior to
the Closing Date.
It is understood that you, acting individually and not in a representative
capacity, may (but shall not be obligated to) make payment to the Company on
behalf of any other Underwriter for the Securities to be purchased by such
Underwriter. Any such payment by you shall not relieve any such Underwriter of
any of its obligations hereunder.
4. COVENANTS. The Company covenants and agrees that:
(a) The Company will cause the Prospectus to be filed as required by
Section 2(a) hereof (but only if you have not reasonably objected thereto by
notice to the Company after having been furnished a copy a reasonable time
prior to filing) and will notify you promptly of such filing; it will notify
you promptly of the time when any subsequent amendment to the Registration
Statement has become effective or any supplement to the Prospectus has been
filed and of any request by the Commission for any amendment or supplement to
the Registration Statement or Prospectus or for additional information; it
will prepare and file with the Commission, promptly upon your request, any
amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or Prospectus that,
in the opinion of your legal counsel, may be necessary in connection with the
distribution of the
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<PAGE> 8
Securities by the Underwriter and will use its best efforts to cause such
amendment to become effective as promptly as possible; it will file no
amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus (other
than any document required to be filed under the Exchange Act that upon
filing is deemed to be incorporated by reference therein) to which you shall
reasonably object by notice to the Company after having been furnished a copy
a reasonable time prior to the filing; and it will furnish to you at or prior
to the filing thereof a copy of any document that upon filing is deemed to be
incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or Prospectus.
(b) The Company will advise you, promptly after it shall receive notice or
obtain knowledge thereof, of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order
suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, of the suspension
of the qualification of the Securities for offering or sale in any
jurisdiction, or of the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for any
such purpose; and it will promptly use its best efforts to prevent the
issuance of any stop order or to obtain its withdrawal if such a stop order
should be issued.
(c) Within the time during which a prospectus relating to the Securities
is required to be delivered under the Act, the Company will comply as far as
it is able with all requirements imposed upon it by the Act and by the Rules
and Regulations, as from time to time in force, so far as necessary to permit
the continuance of sales of or dealings in the Securities as contemplated by
the provisions hereof and the Prospectus. If during such period any event
occurs as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented
would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a
material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the
circumstances then existing, not misleading, or if during such period it is
necessary to amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus to
comply with the Act, the Company will promptly notify you and will amend or
supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus (at the expense of the
Company) so as to correct such statement or omission or effect such
compliance.
(d) The Company will cooperate with you and your counsel and will use
every reasonable effort to qualify the Securities for sale under the
securities laws of such jurisdictions as you reasonably designate and to take
any and all action in connection with the registration and qualification
including, but not limited to, the filing of such consent to service of
process or other documents as may be necessary in order to effect such
registration or qualification and to continue such qualifications in effect
so long as required for the distribution of the Securities, except that the
Company shall not be required in connection therewith to qualify as a foreign
corporation or to execute a general consent to service of process in any
jurisdiction.
(e) The Company will furnish, without charge, to the Underwriters copies
of the Registration Statement, each form of the Preliminary Prospectus, the
Prospectus (including all documents incorporated by reference therein) and
all amendments and supplements to such documents, in
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<PAGE> 9
each case as soon as available and in such quantities as you may from time to
time reasonably request.
(f) The Company will make generally available to its security holders as
soon as practicable, but in any event not later than 45 days after the end of
the first quarter ending after one year following the effective date of the
Registration Statement, an earnings statement (which need not be audited)
covering a 12-month period beginning after the effective date of the
Registration Statement, that shall satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of
the Act.
(g) During a period of five years from the date hereof, the Company agrees
to furnish to you, as soon as available, a copy of each report and definitive
proxy statement mailed to security holders or filed with the Commission under
the Exchange Act.
(h) The Company consents to the use of any Preliminary Prospectus or the
Prospectus (and of any supplements or amendments thereto) in accordance with
the provisions of the Act and with the securities or Blue Sky Laws of the
jurisdictions in which the Securities are being offered, prior to the
effective date of the Registration Statement or for such period of time
thereafter as the Prospectus is required by law to be delivered in connection
herewith.
(i) The Company, whether or not the transactions contemplated hereunder
are consummated or this Agreement is terminated, will pay all expenses
incident to the performance of its obligations hereunder, will pay the
expenses of the preparation, printing, duplication, delivery and filing of
all documents relating to the offering, and will reimburse the Underwriters
for any expenses (including filing fees and reasonable fees and disbursements
of counsel) incurred by them in connection with the matters referred to in
Section 4(d) hereof and the preparation of memoranda relating thereto and for
any filing fee or other reasonable expenses in connection with any filings
with the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. relating to the
Securities. If the sale of the Securities provided for herein is not
consummated by reason of any failure, refusal or inability on the part of the
Company to perform any agreement on its part to be performed hereunder, or
because any other condition of the Underwriters' obligations hereunder
required to be fulfilled by the Company is not fulfilled, the Company will
reimburse the Underwriters for all reasonable out-of-pocket disbursements
(including reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel) incurred by the
Underwriters in connection with their investigation, preparing to market and
marketing the Securities or in contemplation of performing their obligations
hereunder. The Company shall not in any event be liable to any of the
Underwriters for loss of anticipated profits from the transactions covered by
this Agreement.
(j) The Company will apply the net proceeds from the sale of the
Securities as set forth in the Prospectus.
(k) Except for the Securities sold under this Agreement, the Company will
not, directly or indirectly, offer, sell or otherwise dispose
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<PAGE> 10
of any Common Stock (other than Common Stock or other securities issued
pursuant to employee benefit plans, employee stock purchase plans, qualified
stock option plans or other employee compensation plans existing on the date
hereof or pursuant to currently outstanding options, warrants or rights) or
securities convertible into or exchangeable for, or any rights to purchase or
acquire, Common Stock or establish a "put equivalent position" with respect
to the Common Stock within the meaning of Rule 16a-1(h) of the Exchange Act
prior to the expiration of 90 days from the date of this Agreement without
your prior written consent; and the Company will, at or prior to the Closing
Date, furnish you with a written agreement of each of Kenneth Levy, Robert R.
Anderson, Kenneth L. Schroeder and Robert J. Boehlke that each of them will
not, directly or indirectly, offer, sell or otherwise dispose of any Common
Stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for, or any rights to
purchase or acquire, Common Stock or establish a "put equivalent position"
with respect to the Common Stock within the meaning of Rule 16a-1(h) of the
Exchange Act prior to the expiration of 90 days from the date of this
Agreement without your prior written consent except for certain shares owned
by the children of Kenneth Levy and Robert Anderson.
(l) Except as stated in this Agreement and in the Preliminary Prospectus
and Prospectus, the Company has not taken, nor will it take, directly or
indirectly, any action designed to or that might reasonably be expected to
cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Common
Stock to facilitate the sale or resale of the Securities.
5. CONDITIONS OF UNDERWRITERS' OBLIGATIONS. The obligations of the
Underwriters to purchase and pay for the Securities as provided herein shall be
subject to the accuracy, as of the date hereof and the Closing Date (as if made
at the Closing Date), of the representations and warranties of the Company
herein, to the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder and to
the following additional conditions:
(a) The Prospectus shall have been filed as required by Section 2(a)
hereof; and no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration
Statement shall have been issued and no proceeding for that purpose shall
have been instituted or, to the knowledge of the Company or any Underwriter,
threatened by the Commission, and any request of the Commission for
additional information (to be included in the Registration Statement or the
Prospectus or otherwise) shall have been complied with to your reasonable
satisfaction.
(b) The Registration Statement or Prospectus, or any amendment or
supplement thereto, does not contain an untrue statement of fact that in your
reasonable opinion is material, or omit to state a fact that in your
reasonable opinion is material and is required to be stated therein or is
necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.
(c) Except as contemplated in the Prospectus, subsequent to the respective
dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement and the
Prospectus, there shall not have been any material change, on a consolidated
basis, in the capital stock, short-term debt or
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<PAGE> 11
long-term debt of the Company and its subsidiaries, or any adverse material
change, or any development involving a prospective adverse material change,
in the condition (financial or other), property, assets, business, prospects,
net worth or results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries that,
in your reasonable judgment, makes it impracticable or inadvisable to offer
or deliver the Securities on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the
Prospectus.
(d) You shall have received the opinion of Ware & Freidenrich, counsel for
the Company, dated the Closing Date and satisfactory to the Underwriters and
their counsel, to the effect that:
(i) The Company and each of its subsidiaries has been duly incorporated and
is an existing corporation in good standing under the laws of its
jurisdiction of incorporation, and has full power and authority (corporate
and other) to conduct its business as described in the Registration
Statement and Prospectus; and all of the outstanding shares of capital stock
of each of the Company's subsidiaries have been duly authorized and validly
issued, are fully paid and non-assessable and free and clear of preemptive
rights, and (except as otherwise stated in the Registration Statement) are
owned beneficially by the Company subject to no security interest, other
encumbrance, adverse claim, contractual right to purchase or similar rights;
(ii) All of the outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company (including
the Securities) and all other equity securities of the Company have been
duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and non-assessable and
conform to the description thereof in the Prospectus; the shareholders of
the Company have no preemptive rights with respect to the Securities, and,
to counsel's knowledge, there are no contractual rights to purchase or other
similar rights with respect to the Securities;
(iii) The Registration Statement has become effective under the Act on the
date of this Agreement or at such later date and time as shall be consented
to in writing by you; the Prospectus has been filed as required by Section
2(a) hereof; and to the best knowledge of such counsel no stop order
suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement has been issued
and no proceeding for that purpose has been instituted or threatened by the
Commission;
(iv) Each part of the registration statement, when such part became
effective, and the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto, on
the date of filing thereof with the Commission and at the Closing Date,
complied as to form in all material respects with the requirements of the
Act and the Rules and Regulations; and the documents incorporated by
reference in the Registration Statement or Prospectus or any amendment or
supplement thereto, when they became effective under the Act or were filed
with the Commission under the Exchange Act, as the case may be, complied as
to form in all material respects with the requirements of the Act or the
Exchange Act, as
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<PAGE> 12
applicable, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder; it
being understood that such counsel need express no opinion as to the
financial statements or other financial data included in any of the documents
mentioned in this clause;
(v) The descriptions in the Registration Statement and Prospectus of
statutes, legal and governmental proceedings, contracts, agreements,
securities and other documents, and statements of law or legal conclusions
regarding claims against the Company or any of its subsidiaries, are
accurate and fairly present the information, required to be shown; and such
counsel does not know of any statutes or legal or governmental proceedings
required to be described in the Prospectus that are not described as
required, or of any contracts, agreements, securities or documents of a
character required to be described in the Registration Statement or
Prospectus (or required to be filed under the Exchange Act if upon such
filing they would be incorporated by reference therein) or to be filed as
exhibits to the Registration Statement that are not described and filed as
required;
(vi) This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the
Company; the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the
consummation of the transactions herein contemplated will not result in a
breach or violation of any of the terms and provisions of, or constitute a
default under, (a) any statute, (b) any agreement or instrument known to
such counsel to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound or to
which any of the property of the Company is subject, (c) the Company's
charter or by-laws, or (d) any order, rule or regulation known to such
counsel of any court or governmental agency or body having jurisdiction over
the Company or any of its properties, which breach, violation or default in
the case of (a), (b), or (d) would have a material adverse effect on the
business of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, and no
consent, approval, authorization or order of, or filing with, any court or
governmental agency or body is required for the consummation of the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement in connection with the issuance
or sale of the Securities by the Company, except such as have been obtained
under the Act and such as may be required under state securities laws in
connection with the purchase and distribution of the Securities by the
Underwriters;
(vii) To counsel's knowledge without inquiry, neither the Company nor any of
its subsidiaries is in violation of its charter or by-laws;
(viii) To counsel's knowledge, no holders of Common Stock or other securities
of the Company have registration rights with respect to such securities
which are triggered by this offering, except for registration rights which
have been waived with respect to this offering; and
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<PAGE> 13
(ix) Neither the Company nor any subsidiary is an "investment company" or an
"affiliate" or "interested person" of an "investment company," as such terms
are defined in the 1940 Act.
In addition to the matters set forth above, the counsel rendering the
foregoing opinion shall also include a statement to the effect that although
they have not independently verified the accuracy or completeness of the
statements contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, based
upon their participation in the preparation of the Registration Statement
and the Prospectus and their review and discussion of the contents thereof,
nothing has come to the attention of such counsel during the course of their
representation of the Company that leads them to believe that the
Registration Statement or the Prospectus (except as to the financial
statements and schedules and other financial data contained or incorporated
by reference therein, as to which such counsel need not express any opinion
or belief), at the time the Registration Statement became effective
contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a
material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make
the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were
made, not misleading, or at the Closing Date or any later date on which
Optional Shares (as defined in Section 13 below) are purchased, contains any
untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state a material fact
required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements
therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not
misleading.
(e) You will have received the opinions of patent counsel for the Company,
dated the Closing Date, to the effect that:
(i) The statements in the Registration Statement under the caption "Business
-- Patents and Other Proprietary Rights" and in the Company's Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1993 under the caption
"Description of Business -- Patents and Trademarks" were at the time of the
filing of the Registration Statement and such Annual Report, to the best of
such counsel's knowledge, accurate statements or summaries of the matters
therein set forth;
(ii) To the best of each such counsel's knowledge, except as disclosed in the
Prospectus and such counsel's opinion, there are no legal or governmental
proceedings pending, relating to patents, trademarks, service marks or
proprietary information, to which the Company or any subsidiary is a party
or of which any property of the Company or any subsidiary is the subject,
and to the best of such counsel's knowledge no such proceedings are
threatened or contemplated by governmental authorities or threatened by
others; and
(iii) They do not know of any material contracts or other documents, relating
to patents, trademarks, service marks or proprietary information.
(f) You shall have received from Morrison & Foerster, counsel for the
Underwriters, such opinion or opinions, dated the Closing Date, with
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<PAGE> 14
respect to the incorporation of the Company, the validity of the Securities,
the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and other related matters as you
reasonably may request, and such counsel shall have received such papers and
information as they request to enable them to pass upon such matters.
(g) At the time of execution of this Agreement and at the Closing Date,
you shall have received a letter from Price Waterhouse, independent public
accountants for the Company and its subsidiaries, dated the date of delivery
thereof, to the effect set forth in Exhibit I hereto.
(h) You shall have received from the Company a certificate, signed by the
Chairman of the Board, the President or a Vice President and by the principal
financial or accounting officer of the Company, dated the Closing Date, to
the effect that, to the best of their knowledge based upon reasonable
investigation:
(i) The representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are
true and correct, as if made at and as of the Closing Date, and the Company
has complied with all the agreements and satisfied all the conditions
hereunder on its part to be performed or satisfied at or prior to the
Closing Date;
(ii) No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement
has been issued, and no proceeding for that purpose has been instituted or
is threatened, by the Commission;
(iii) Subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in
the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, there have been no material
adverse changes to the condition (financial or otherwise), business,
prospects, net worth or results of operations of the Company and its
subsidiaries; and
(iv) Since the effective date of the Registration Statement, there has
occurred no event required to be set forth in an amendment or supplement to
the Registration Statement or Prospectus that has not been so set forth, and
there has been no document required to be filed under the Exchange Act and
the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder that upon such filing
would be deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Prospectus that has
not been so filed.
(i) The Company shall not have failed at or prior to the Closing Date to
have performed or complied with any of the agreements contained herein and
required to be performed or complied with by it at or prior to the Closing
Date.
(j) You shall have been furnished evidence in usual written or telegraphic
form from the appropriate state authorities, or other evidence satisfactory
to you of the registrations and qualifications referred to in Section 4(d)
hereof.
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<PAGE> 15
(k) The Company shall have furnished to you such further certificates and
documents as you shall have reasonably requested.
(l) The National Market System shall have approved the Securities for
inclusion, subject only to official notice of issuance.
All such opinions, certificates, letters and other documents will be in
compliance with the provisions hereof only if they are satisfactory in form and
substance to you. The Company will furnish you with such conformed copies of
such opinions, certificates, letters and other documents as you shall
reasonably request.
6. INDEMNIFICATION AND CONTRIBUTION.
(a) The Company will indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter against
any losses, claims, damages or liabilities, joint or several, to which such
Underwriter may become subject, under the Act or otherwise, insofar as such
losses, claims, damages, liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise
out of or are based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a
material fact contained in any part of the registration statement when such
part became effective, or in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary
Prospectus, the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or arise
out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a
material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the
statements therein not misleading, and will reimburse each Underwriter for
any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by it in connection with
investigating or defending against such loss, claim, damage, liability or
action as such expenses are incurred; provided, however, that (1) the Company
shall not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim,
damage or liability arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement or
alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made therein in
reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the
Company by you, or by any Underwriter through you, specifically for use in
the preparation thereof and (2) the indemnity agreement contained in this
Section 6(a) with respect to any Preliminary Prospectus shall not inure to
the benefit of any Underwriter from whom the person asserting any such
losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses purchased the Securities
which are the subject thereof (or to the benefit of any person controlling
such Underwriter) if at or prior to the written confirmation of the sale of
such Securities a copy of the Prospectus (or the Prospectus as amended or
supplemented) was not sent or delivered to such person (excluding the
documents incorporated therein by reference) and the untrue statement or
omission of a material fact contained in such Preliminary Prospectus was
corrected in the Prospectus (or the Prospectus as amended or supplemented)
unless the failure is the result of noncompliance by the Company with Section
4(e) hereof. The indemnity agreement of the Company contained in this
Section 6(a) and the representations and warranties of the Company contained
in Section 2 hereof shall remain operative and in full force and effect
regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of any indemnified party
and shall survive the delivery of and payment for the Securities.
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<PAGE> 16
(b) Each Underwriter will indemnify and hold harmless the Company against
any losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which the Company may become
subject, under the Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages
or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon
an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained
in any part of the registration statement when such part became effective, or
in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus or
any amendment or supplement thereto, or arise out of or are based upon the
omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be
stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, in
each case to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statement
or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made therein
in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the
Company by you, or by such Underwriter through you, specifically for use in
the preparation thereof; and will reimburse the Company for any legal or
other expenses reasonably incurred by the Company in connection with
investigating or defending against any such loss, claim, damage, liability or
action as such expenses are incurred.
(c) Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under subsection (a) or
(b) above of notice of the commencement of any action or claim in respect of
which indemnity may be sought from the Company, such indemnified party shall,
if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against the indemnifying party
under such subsection, notify the indemnifying party in writing of the
commencement thereof; but the omission so to notify the indemnifying party
shall not relieve it from any liability that it may have to any indemnified
party otherwise than under such subsection. In case any such action shall be
brought against any indemnified party, and it shall notify the indemnifying
party of the commencement thereof, the indemnifying party shall be entitled
to participate in, and, to the extent that it shall wish, jointly with any
other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense thereof,
with counsel satisfactory to such indemnified party (who shall not, except
with the consent of the indemnified party, be counsel to the indemnifying
party), and after notice from the indemnifying party to such indemnified
party of its election so to assume the defense thereof, the indemnifying
party shall not be liable to such indemnified party under such subsection for
any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by such indemnified party
in connection with the defense thereof other than reasonable costs of
investigation.
(d) If the indemnification provided for in this Section 6 is unavailable
or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party under subsection (a) or
(b) above, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the amount paid
or payable by such indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims,
damages or liabilities referred to in subsection (a) or (b) above, (i) in
such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received
by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other from the
offering of the Securities or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i)
above is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is
appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits
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<PAGE> 17
referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault of the Company on
the one hand and the Underwriters on the other in connection with the
statements or omissions that resulted in such losses, claims, damages or
liabilities, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The
relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the
Underwriters on the other shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the
total net proceeds from the offering (before deducting expenses) received by
the Company bear to the total underwriting discounts and commissions received
by the Underwriters, in each case as set forth in the table on the cover page
of the Prospectus. The relative fault shall be determined by reference to,
among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a
material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact
relates to information supplied by the Company or the Underwriters and the
parties' relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to
correct or prevent such untrue statement or omission. The Company and the
Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions
pursuant to this subsection (d) were to be determined by pro rata allocation
(even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by
any other method of allocation that does not take account of the equitable
considerations referred to in the first sentence of this subsection (d). The
amount paid by an indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims,
damages or liabilities referred to in the first sentence of this subsection
(d) shall be deemed to include any legal or other expenses reasonably
incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or
defending against any action or claim that is the subject of this subsection
(d). Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection (d), no Underwriter
shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which
the total price at which the Securities underwritten by it and distributed to
the public were offered to the public exceeds the amount of any damages that
such Underwriter has otherwise been required to pay, by reason of such undue
or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. No person
guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f)
of the Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not
guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The Underwriters' obligations
in this subsection (d) to contribute are several in proportion to their
respective underwriting obligations and not joint.
(e) The obligations of the Company under this Section 6 shall be in
addition to any liability that the Company may otherwise have and shall
extend, upon the same terms and conditions, to each person, if any, who
controls any Underwriter within the meaning of the Act; and the obligations
of the Underwriters under this Section 6 shall be in addition to any
liability that the respective Underwriters may otherwise have and shall
extend, upon the same terms and conditions, to each director of the Company
(including any person who, with his consent, is named in the Registration
Statement as about to become a director of the Company), to each officer of
the Company who has signed the Registration Statement and to each person, if
any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the Act.
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(f) Any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses for which an
indemnified party is entitled to indemnification or contribution under this
Section 6 shall be paid by the indemnifying party to the indemnified party as
such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses are incurred.
(g) A successor of the Underwriters or the Company or its director or
officers (or of any person controlling the Underwriters or the Company) shall
be entitled to the benefits of the indemnity, contribution and reimbursement
agreements contained in this Section 6.
(h) In addition to its other obligations under this Section 6, the Company
agrees that, as an interim measure during the pendency of any claim, action,
investigation, inquiry or other proceeding arising out of or based upon any
statement or omission, or any alleged statement or omission, described in
this Section 6, it will reimburse you on a quarterly basis for all reasonable
legal or other expenses incurred in connection with investigating or
defending any such claim, action, investigation, inquiry or other proceeding,
notwithstanding the absence of a judicial determination as to the propriety
and enforceability of the Company's obligation to reimburse you for such
expenses and the possibility that such payments might later be held to have
been improper by a court of competent jurisdiction. To the extent that any
such interim reimbursement payment is so held to have been improper, you
shall promptly return it to the Company together with interest, compounded
daily, determined on the basis of the reference rate (or other commercial
lending rate for borrowers of the highest credit standing) announced from
time to time by Bank of America NT&SA, San Francisco, California (the "Prime
Rate"). Any such interim reimbursement payments which are not made to you
within 30 days of a request for reimbursement shall bear interest at the
Prime Rate from the date of such request. This indemnity agreement shall be
in addition to any liabilities which the Company may otherwise have.
It is agreed that any controversy arising out of the operation of the
interim reimbursement arrangements set forth in this Section 6, including the
amounts of any requested reimbursement payments and the method of determining
such amounts, shall be settled by arbitration conducted under the provisions
of the Constitution and Rules of the Board of Governors of the New York Stock
Exchange, Inc. or pursuant to the code of Arbitration Procedure of the
National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. Any such arbitration must
be commenced by service of a written demand for arbitration or a written
notice of intention to arbitrate, therein electing the arbitration tribunal.
In the event the party demanding arbitration does not make such designation
of an arbitration tribunal in such demand or notice, then the party
responding to said demand or notice is authorized to do so. Such an
arbitration would be limited to the operation of the interim reimbursement
provisions contained in this Section 6, and would not resolve the ultimate
propriety or enforceability of the obligation to reimburse expenses which is
created by the provisions of such Section 6.
(i) The parties to this Agreement hereby acknowledge that they are
sophisticated business persons who were represented by counsel during the
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negotiations regarding the provisions hereof, including without limitation
the provisions of this Section 6, and are fully informed regarding said
provisions. They further acknowledge that the provisions of this Section 6
fairly allocate the risks in light of the ability of the parties to
investigate the Company and its business in order to assure that adequate
disclosure is made in the Registration Statement and Prospectus as required
by the Act and the Exchange Act. The parties are advised that federal or
state public policy, as interpreted by the courts in certain jurisdictions,
may be contrary to certain of the provisions of this Section 6, and the
parties hereto hereby expressly waive and relinquish any right or ability to
assert such public policy as defense to a claim under this Section 6 and
further agree not to attempt to assert any such defense.
7. REPRESENTATIONS AND AGREEMENTS TO SURVIVE DELIVERY. All representations,
warranties and agreements of the Company herein or in certificates delivered
pursuant hereto, and the agreements of the Underwriters contained in Section 6
hereof, shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of any
investigation made by or on behalf of any Underwriter or any controlling
persons, or the Company or any of its officers, directors or any controlling
persons, and shall survive delivery of and payment for the Securities hereunder
or termination of this Agreement.
8. SUBSTITUTION OF UNDERWRITERS.
(a) If any Underwriter or Underwriters shall fail to take up and pay for
the amount of Securities agreed by such Underwriter or Underwriters to be
purchased hereunder, upon tender of such Securities in accordance with the
terms hereof, and the amount of Securities not purchased does not aggregate
more than 10% of the total amount of Securities that the Underwriters are
obligated to purchase hereunder at the Closing Date, the remaining
Underwriters shall be obligated to take up and pay for (in proportion to
their respective underwriting obligations hereunder as set forth in Schedule
A hereto except as may otherwise be determined by you) the Securities that
the withdrawing or defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed
to purchase.
(b) If any Underwriter or Underwriters shall fail to take up and pay for
the amount of Securities agreed by such Underwriter or Underwriters to be
purchased hereunder, upon tender of such Securities in accordance with the
terms hereof, and the amount of Securities not purchased aggregates more than
10% of the total amount of Securities that the Underwriters are obligated to
purchase hereunder at the Closing Date, and arrangements satisfactory to you
and the Company for the purchase of such Securities by other persons are not
made within 36 hours thereafter, this Agreement shall terminate. In the
event of any such termination the Company shall not be under any liability to
any Underwriter with respect to Securities not purchased by reason of such
termination (except to the extent provided in Section 4(i) and Section 6
hereof) nor shall any Underwriter (other than an Underwriter who shall have
failed, otherwise than for some reason permitted under this Agreement, to
purchase the amount of Securities agreed by such Underwriter to be purchased
hereunder) be
19
<PAGE> 20
under any liability to the Company with respect to such Securities (except to
the extent provided in Section 6 hereof).
9. TERMINATION. You shall have the right by giving notice as hereinafter
specified at any time at or prior to the Closing Date, to terminate this
Agreement if (i) the Company shall have failed, refused or been unable, at or
prior to the Closing Date, to perform any agreement on its part to be performed
hereunder, (ii) any other condition of the Underwriters' obligations hereunder
is not fulfilled, (iii) trading on the New York Stock Exchange, the American
Stock Exchange or the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated
Quotations System ("NASDAQ") shall have been wholly suspended or materially
limited, (iv) minimum or maximum prices for trading shall have been fixed, or
maximum ranges for prices for securities shall have been required, on the New
York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange or NASDAQ, by such Exchange or
by order of the Commission or any other governmental authority having
jurisdiction, (v) a banking moratorium shall have been declared by Federal or
New York authorities, or (vi) an outbreak of major hostilities in which the
United States is involved, a declaration of war by Congress, any other
substantial national or international calamity or any other event or occurrence
of a similar character shall have occurred since the execution of this
Agreement that, in your reasonable judgment, makes it impractical or
inadvisable to proceed with the completion of the sale of and payment for the
Securities. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to
any other party with respect to Securities not purchased by reason of such
termination except that the provisions of Section 4(i) and Section 6 hereof
shall at all times be effective. If you elect to terminate this Agreement as
provided in this Section, the Company shall be notified promptly by you by
telephone, telex or telecopy, confirmed by letter.
10. NOTICES. All notices or communications hereunder shall be in writing
and if sent to you shall be mailed, delivered, telexed or telecopied and
confirmed to you, c/o Kidder, Peabody & Co. Incorporated, at 10 Hanover Square,
New York, N.Y. 10005, or if sent to the Company, shall be mailed, delivered,
telexed or telecopied and confirmed to the Company at 160 Rio Robles, San Jose,
California 95134. Notice to any Underwriter pursuant to Section 6 hereof shall
be mailed, delivered, telexed or telecopied and confirmed to such Underwriter's
address as it appears in such Underwriter's questionnaire or other notice
furnished to the Company in writing for the purpose of communications
hereunder. Any party to this Agreement may change such address for notices by
sending to the parties to this Agreement written notice of a new address for
such purpose.
11. PARTIES. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding
upon the Company and the Underwriters and their respective successors and the
controlling persons, officers and directors referred to in Section 6 hereof,
and no other person will have any right or obligation hereunder. Neither the
term "successor" nor the term "successors and assigns" as used in this
Agreement shall include a purchaser from any Underwriter of any of the
Securities in his status as such purchaser.
In all dealings with the Company under this Agreement, you shall act on
behalf of each of the Underwriters, and any action under this Agreement taken
by
20
<PAGE> 21
you jointly or by Kidder, Peabody & Co. Incorporated will be binding upon all
the Underwriters.
12. APPLICABLE LAW. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in
accordance with, the laws of the State of New York.
13. OVER-ALLOTMENT OPTION.
(a) In addition to the shares of Common Stock being sold by the Company
and described in Section 1 hereof (which are referred to herein as the "Firm
Shares"), the Underwriters, at their option, shall have the right to purchase
from the Company up to an aggregate of three hundred thousand (300,000)
additional shares ("Optional Shares"). The first two paragraphs of Section 3
hereof shall be deemed to apply only to the purchase, sale and delivery of
the Firm Shares. References in those two paragraphs and in Schedule A hereto
to the "Securities" shall be deemed to be references to the "Firm Shares";
except as otherwise provided in this Section 13, other references in this
Agreement to the "Securities" shall be deemed to include the Firm Shares and
the Optional Shares.
(b) Upon written notice from you given to the Company not more than 30
days subsequent to the date of the initial public offering of the Securities,
the Underwriters may purchase all or less than all of the Optional Shares at
the purchase price per share to be paid for the Firm Shares. The Company
agrees to issue and sell to each Underwriter, and each Underwriter agrees,
severally and not jointly, to purchase from the Company, that Underwriter's
proportionate share (based upon the respective underwriting obligations of
the Underwriters hereunder as set forth in Schedule A hereto except as may be
adjusted by you to eliminate fractions) of the number of Optional Shares
specified in such notice. Such Optional Shares may be purchased by the
Underwriters only for the purpose of covering over-allotments made in
connection with the sale of the Firm Shares. No Optional Shares shall be
sold or delivered unless the Firm Shares previously have been, or
simultaneously are, sold and delivered. The right to purchase the Optional
Shares or any portion thereof may be surrendered and terminated at any time
upon notice by you to the Company. The "Closing Date" as defined in Section
3 hereof shall be deemed to be the "First Closing Date" and the time for the
delivery of and payment for the Optional Shares is herein referred to as the
"Second Closing Date" (which may be the First Closing Date). The Second
Closing Date shall be determined by you but shall be not later than 10 days
after you give to the Company written notice of election to purchase Optional
Shares. The preparation, registration, checking and delivery of, and payment
for, the Optional Shares shall occur or be made in the same manner as
provided in Section 3 hereof for the Firm Shares, except as you and the
Company may otherwise agree.
(c) The conditions to the Underwriters' obligations set forth in Section 5
shall be deemed to be conditions to the Underwriters' obligations to purchase
and pay for the Securities to be purchased on each of the First Closing Date
and the Second Closing Date, as the case may be; references in that Section
and in Sections 2, 8 and 9 hereof to the "Closing Date" shall
21
<PAGE> 22
be deemed to be references to the First Closing Date or the Second Closing
Date, as the case may be, and references to the "Securities" in Section 5
hereof shall be deemed to be references to the Securities to be purchased at
such Closing Date. A termination of this Agreement as to the Optional Shares
after the First Closing Date will not terminate this Agreement as to the Firm
Shares.
14. COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be signed in various counterparts
which together constitute one and the same instrument. If signed in
counterparts, this Agreement shall not become effective unless at least one
counterpart hereof shall have been executed and delivered on behalf of each
party hereto.
If the foregoing correctly sets forth the understanding between the Company
and the Underwriters, please so indicate in the space provided below for that
purpose, whereupon this letter shall constitute a binding agreement between the
Company and the Underwriters.
Very truly yours,
KLA INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION
By ________________________________
Kenneth Levy
Chairman and Chief
Executive Officer
ACCEPTED as of the date first above written on behalf of ourselves and as
Representatives of the other Underwriters named in Schedule A hereto.
KIDDER, PEABODY & CO. INCORPORATED MORGAN
STANLEY & CO. INCORPORATED,
By: KIDDER, PEABODY & CO. INCORPORATED
By _______________________________
[Insert name and title]
156283.WP5(13165)36 22
<PAGE> 23
SCHEDULE A
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Amount of
Securities
to be
Purchased
---------
Underwriter
- -----------
<S> <C>
Kidder, Peabody & Co. Incorporated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total 2,000,000
=========
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 5.1
January 21, 1994
Securities and Exchange Commission
Judiciary Plaza
450 Fifth Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20549
Re: KLA Instruments Corporation
Registration Statement on Form S-3
Ladies and Gentlemen:
As counsel to KLA Instruments Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the
"Company"), we are rendering this opinion in connection with a proposed sale by
the Company of up to 2,300,000 shares of its common stock, $.001 par value
("Common Stock").
We have examined all instruments, documents, and records which we deemed
relevant and necessary for the basis of our opinion hereinafter expressed. In
such examination, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures and the
authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals and the conformity to
the originals of all documents submitted to us as copies.
Based on such examination, we are of the opinion that the 2,300,000 shares
of Common Stock to be issued and sold by the Company (of which up to 300,000
shares are to be issued to cover over-allotments, if any) are duly authorized
shares of Common Stock and, when issued against payment of the purchase price
therefor, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the
above-referenced Registration Statement and to the use of our name wherever it
appears in said Registration Statement, including the Prospectus constituting a
part thereof, as originally filed or as subsequently amended.
Respectfully submitted,
GRAY CARY WARE & FREIDENRICH
A Professional Corporation
