<PAGE> 1
AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON JULY 30, 1999
REGISTRATION NO. 333-
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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
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FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
------------------------
THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS, INC.
(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
DELAWARE 7375 86-0654102
(STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION OF (PRIMARY STANDARD INDUSTRIAL (I.R.S. EMPLOYER
INCORPORATION OF ORGANIZATION) CLASSIFICATION CODE NUMBER) IDENTIFICATION NUMBER)
</TABLE>
1600 NORTH DESERT DRIVE
TEMPE, ARIZONA 85281
(602) 389-8600
(ADDRESS, INCLUDING ZIP CODE, AND TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING
AREA CODE, OF REGISTRANT'S PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES)
------------------------
JEFFREY D. BUCHANAN
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
1600 NORTH DESERT DRIVE
TEMPE, ARIZONA 85281
(602) 389-8600
(NAME, ADDRESS, INCLUDING ZIP CODE, AND TELEPHONE NUMBER,
INCLUDING AREA CODE, OF AGENT FOR SERVICE)
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COPIES TO:
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ROBERT S. KANT, ESQ. DENNIS C. SULLIVAN, ESQ.
JEAN E. HARRIS, ESQ. DAVID A. HUBB, ESQ.
BRIAN H. BLANEY, ESQ. ANNE H. WEST, ESQ.
O'CONNOR, CAVANAGH, ANDERSON, GRAY CARY WARE & FREIDENRICH LLP
KILLINGSWORTH & BESHEARS, P.A. 400 HAMILTON AVENUE
ONE EAST CAMELBACK PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA 94301-1825
PHOENIX, ARIZONA 85012-1656 (650) 328-6561
(602) 263-2400
</TABLE>
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APPROXIMATE DATE OF PROPOSED SALE TO THE PUBLIC: As soon as practicable
after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If the only securities being registered on this form are being offered
pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following
box. [ ]
If any of the securities being registered in this form are to be offered on
a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of
1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest
reinvestment plans, check the following box. [ ]
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering
pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box
and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier
effective registration statement for the same offering. [ ]
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If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c)
under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same offering. [ ]
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If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434,
check the following box. [ ]
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CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
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<CAPTION>
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PROPOSED MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF
TITLE OF SHARES TO BE REGISTERED AGGREGATE OFFERING PRICE(1) REGISTRATION FEE
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<S> <C> <C>
Common stock, par value $.01.................... $42,575,000 $11,835.85
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</TABLE>
(1) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee
pursuant to Rule 457(o).
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THE REGISTRANT HEREBY AMENDS THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON SUCH DATE OR
DATES AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO DELAY ITS EFFECTIVE DATE UNTIL THE REGISTRANT SHALL
FILE A FURTHER AMENDMENT WHICH SPECIFICALLY STATES THAT THIS REGISTRATION
STATEMENT SHALL THEREAFTER BECOME EFFECTIVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 8(a) OF
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OR UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL BECOME
EFFECTIVE ON SUCH DATE AS THE COMMISSION, ACTING PURSUANT TO SAID SECTION 8(a),
MAY DETERMINE.
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<PAGE> 2
THE INFORMATION IN THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT COMPLETE AND MAY BE CHANGED WITHOUT
NOTICE. THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS, INC. MAY NOT SELL THESE SECURITIES UNTIL THE
REGISTRATION STATEMENT FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION IS
EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT AN OFFER TO SELL THESE SECURITIES, AND THREE-
FIVE SYSTEMS, INC. IS NOT SOLICITING OFFERS TO BUY THESE SECURITIES, IN ANY
JURISDICTION WHERE THE OFFER OR SALE OF THESE SECURITIES IS NOT PERMITTED.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JULY 30, 1999
PROSPECTUS
Shares
[THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS LOGO]
Common Stock
------------------------
We are offering shares of common stock, and a current
stockholder is offering shares of common stock. We will not
receive any of the proceeds from the shares sold by the selling stockholder.
Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol
"TFS." On July 28, 1999, the last reported sales price on the New York Stock
Exchange was $16 3/8 per share.
------------------------
INVESTING IN OUR COMMON STOCK INVOLVES RISKS. SEE "RISK FACTORS" BEGINNING
ON PAGE 5.
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PER SHARE TOTAL
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Public Price................................................ $ $
Underwriting Discounts...................................... $ $
Proceeds, before expenses, to Three-Five.................... $ $
Proceeds to Selling Stockholder............................. $ $
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</TABLE>
The underwriters may also purchase up to an additional
shares from us at the public offering price, less the underwriting discounts,
within 30 days from the date of this prospectus, to cover any over-allotments.
The Securities and Exchange Commission and state securities regulators have
not approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus
is truthful or complete. It is illegal for any person to tell you otherwise.
------------------------
Needham & Company, Inc.
ING Barings
J.C. Bradford & Co.
The date of this Prospectus is
, 1999
<PAGE> 3
Inside front cover
Upper-left: Picture of a woman using a cellular phone
Top: (Heading) Technology, Design and Flexible, High-Volume Manufacturing To
Serve Today's Growing LCD Market
Text beneath top heading: "We have over ten years of LCD design and
manufacturing experience. We provide display design services and LCD
manufacturing or the design, manufacturing, and integration of complete, custom
LCD display module systems. Three-Five partners with each customer to add value
at each step of the process, with fast, flexible, worldwide capability to meet
any OEM demand."
Middle: Diagram describing the mechanics of a LCD display
Text beneath LCD diagram: "Custom liquid crystal displays for cellular
communications and other established markets."
Text in center: "Our advanced research and technology center in Arizona,
supported by our core LCD business, is the cornerstone of ongoing LCD
enhancements and an incubator for commercializing innovative display
technologies of tomorrow."
Bottom: (Heading) Innovation To Meet The Demands of Tomorrow's Dynamic Markets:
Microdisplays
Text in bottom-left margin: Market-driven proprietary technologies, including
LCoS microdisplays, and LCiD and LCaD LCDs, are based on Three-Five's core
competencies in design and manufacturing. Microdisplays are tiny LCDs with high
resolution that are magnified for individual or group viewing. Our LCoS
microdisplays are being assessed by major OEM customers for applications
including HDTV screens, computer monitors, and virtual, full-page displays for
use in cellular phones and other communications products."
Bottom-middle: Diagram describing the mechanics of Liquid Crystal on Silicon
(LCoS) microdisplays
Text beneath LCoS diagram: "Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) is a technology
that merges the high-density resolution of silicon integrated circuits with
liquid crystal displays. LCoS combines the benefits of high performance, low
cost, and low power consumption."
Bottom-right: Picture of a woman using an LCoS microdisplay
<PAGE> 4
Inside Gatefold of Page 2
Upper-left: (Heading) Evolutionary Display Technologies
Middle: Arranged under the heading, "LCD Modules Customized for today's growing
markets" are pictures of different products in which our display technology has
been incorporated. The pictures have captions superimposed on them with text
above the captions and pictures.
Left margin: (Caption) LCD Display with LED lamp; above the caption is text that
reads, "Since our beginning in the mid-1980s, Three-Five has offered customers a
variety of information display solutions. These solutions include LCDs
integrated with LED devices and other components. Soon after our inception, we
began to drive the evolution of our display capabilities away from standard LED
products and into custom LCDs."
Left-middle: (Caption) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display; above the caption is text
that reads, "LCDs are today's predominant flat panel display technology. We
produce TN, STN, FSTN, DSTN, and color and monochrome LCDs at our automated,
high-volume manufacturing facility in Arizona, the largest of its kind in North
America."
Middle: (Caption) "LCiD(TM) - Liquid Crystal intense Display; above the caption
is text that reads, "Our LCiD(TM) was one of the first products developed by our
highly experienced research and technology team in Arizona in 1997. This display
resembles a brightly-colored LED, but offers customers the low power
requirements of an LCD combined with sunlight readability and customized colors.
We expect volume production in late 1999."
Right-middle: (Caption) LCaD(R) - Liquid Crystal active Display; above the
caption is text that reads, "Our LCaD(R) display is based on a licensed,
patented technology, further developed by our research and technology group and
announced in late 1997. It is a passive matrix display with customized drive
circuitry. Our LCaD(R) display provides multiple shades of gray and excellent
optical performance. It is well suited for applications that require texture and
depth in the image, and is available at a lower cost than active matrix
displays."
Right: Under the heading, "Microdisplays for newly emerging markets" is text
that reads, "The most exciting technology yet to emerge from our research
laboratories is LCoS(TM) microdisplays. Our LCoS(TM) technology has the ability
to deliver millions of pixels of information with clear resolution on a space
about the size of a thumbnail. The applications for this low-cost technology are
many and range from office projector systems to a variety of portable
communications devices. The potential for LCoS(TM) rests in future products both
in existing and emerging markets. Key future products are rear projection PC
monitors, rear and front projection digital TV, and head-mounted displays for
PCs, games, and movies. Data viewers for wireless portable information devices
such as cell phones are believed to have the highest market potential. Other
applications include head-mounted displays for flight, flight simulation,
equipment maintenance, and medicine." Under the text are pictures of devices
incorporating LCoS(TM) technology with the caption "LCoS(TM) - Liquid Crystal on
Silicon" superimposed on them.
Bottom-left: (Heading) Expanding Markets; beneath the heading are sub-headings
with text. The sub-headings and text read, "Communications/Computing: mobile
radios, pagers, global positioning systems, cellular phones, cordless phones,
feature phones, remote controls, personal digital assistants; Office Automation:
mail processing equipment, data storage devices, printers, multifunction
peripherals, facsimile machines, photo copiers, scanners, computer peripherals;
Industrial: temperature controllers, industrial ovens, portable controllers,
vehicle instrumentation, gas pumps, scales, chart recorders; Medical: patient
monitors/controls, digital assistants, diagnostic equipment, digital
thermometers/glocumeters/oximeters, infusion systems; Point of Sale: test and
measurement, point-of-sale terminals, barcode scanners, transaction terminals,
electronic shelf labeling; Consumer: white goods, brown goods, audio systems,
video systems, home theater, radios; Projection: front projection - office
projection and home theater; rear projection - PC monitors, high-definition
televisions, projection TV, display cubes; Portable: wireless convergence
products, commercial/industrial wearable PCs, and personal DVD viewers."
<PAGE> 5
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus.
You should read this entire prospectus carefully. All references to "we," "us,"
"our," "Three-Five," or "the Company" in this prospectus mean Three-Five
Systems, Inc. and all entities owned or controlled by Three-Five Systems, Inc.,
except where it is clear that the term means only the parent company. This
prospectus contains forward-looking statements, which involve risks and
uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated
in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including
those set forth under "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this prospectus.
INTRODUCTION
We design and manufacture display modules for use in the end products of
original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs. We currently specialize in custom
liquid crystal display, or LCD, components and technology. We collaborate
closely with our customers in providing our design and manufacturing services.
Our LCD modules are used in cellular telephones and other wireless communication
devices as well as in office automation equipment, industrial controls, medical
equipment, and instrumentation. In addition to our traditional LCD module
business, we are pursuing the commercialization of our liquid crystal on
silicon, or LCoS(TM), microdisplays following substantial research and
development over the past two years. We market our services in North America,
Europe, and Asia through a direct technical sales force. Motorola is our largest
customer.
We believe we are well positioned to expand our custom LCD display module
business through securing new customers and increasing our business with
existing customers. Our facilities, technology, and personnel enable us to
design, develop, and manufacture, on a timely and cost-effective basis, a wide
range of innovative, distinctive, and high-quality display modules that our
customers require in their end products. Our Arizona headquarters includes the
largest high-volume LCD manufacturing line in North America and a research and
technology center dedicated to custom design engineering and development of
advanced display technology. Our new manufacturing facility in Beijing, China,
increases our capacity and complements our long-standing manufacturing facility
in Manila, the Philippines. We utilize advanced, flexible manufacturing systems
to accommodate low-volume module production runs in Arizona and high-volume,
price-sensitive module production runs in Manila and Beijing. We operate our
highly automated, high-volume LCD manufacturing line in Arizona to produce the
majority of our LCDs. We believe our three manufacturing facilities provide us
with a competitive advantage in meeting the custom LCD needs of our customers.
Our technological capabilities closely coupled with our LCD manufacturing
expertise have been essential to our ability to develop and commercialize new
proprietary LCDs. Three of our new technologies include LCiD(TM) (Liquid Crystal
intense Display), LCaD(R) (Liquid Crystal active Drive), and LCoS(TM)
microdisplays. Our proprietary LCiD technology provides a color LCD display that
can be read in sunlight while requiring less power and costing less than a
comparable, traditional LED device. Applications include radar detectors,
household appliances, and industrial control panels. Our proprietary LCaD
technology provides LCD displays that feature both text and graphic images in up
to 16 shades of gray at prices that are competitive with traditional LCDs that
lack gray scale. Applications include multi-function telephones, global
positioning systems, and point-of-sale terminals.
We are also pursuing the commercialization of our LCoS microdisplay
technology. This technology addresses market demands for high-information
content, power-efficient displays with increased functionality and smaller sizes
at relatively low costs. LCoS microdisplays are no larger than a thumbnail, but
contain all of the information appearing on a high-resolution personal computer
screen. The tiny image on an LCoS microdisplay can be projected onto a screen or
other surface for individual or group viewing or used in a portable application
and viewed through a magnifying device similar to a viewfinder. We are working
with various international OEMs on LCoS microdisplay product offerings for a
broad range of applications for anticipated introduction next year. Near-term
applications include use in office projection equipment, high-definition
televisions, and computer monitors. Longer-term applications include the use of
1
<PAGE> 6
LCoS microdisplays to provide wireless access to the Internet through cellular
telephones, pagers, and personal digital assistants, or PDAs, as well as in
wearable computing equipment.
Our strategy is to enhance our position as a major, worldwide supplier of
custom designed and manufactured displays for application in various high-growth
segments of the electronics industry. Key elements of our strategy include the
following:
- identify industries that have significant growth potential and target
leading companies in those industries;
- intensify our efforts to diversify our customer base;
- establish strong and long-lasting customer relationships that enable us
to become seamless extensions of our customers' design and manufacturing
functions through understanding customer requirements, developing
solutions to satisfy their needs, and maintaining close communications
between our technical personnel and our customers' technical personnel;
- combine domestic design and prototyping with low-cost, high-volume
production capacity through the use of advanced computer-aided design
software and advanced, efficient, and highly automated production
processes;
- incorporate statistical process control methods to ensure reliable
product performance and to reduce production variances and waste;
- emphasize continuous research and development efforts to implement new
design and manufacturing techniques, to improve the speed, efficiency,
and performance of our design and manufacturing services, and to enhance
the quality, cost-effectiveness, and value of our services; and
- emphasize the development of new display technologies to meet customers'
continual requirements for higher information content and lower costs.
We believe our strategy has enabled us to provide our customers with displays
that have competitive advantages in terms of size, cost, and product
differentiation.
We maintain our principal executive offices at 1600 North Desert Drive,
Tempe, Arizona 85281, and our telephone number is (602) 389-8600. Our Web site
is located at www.threefive.com. Information contained on our Web site does not
constitute part of this prospectus.
2
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THE OFFERING
Except as otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus reflects
a 2-for-1 stock split of the common stock effected as a dividend in May 1994 and
assumes no exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option.
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Common stock offered by Three-Five................... shares
Common stock offered by the selling stockholder...... shares
Common stock to be outstanding after this offering... shares
Use of proceeds...................................... To repay the outstanding balance of $17.1
million on our credit facility, and to
provide additional working capital.
New York Stock Exchange symbol....................... TFS
</TABLE>
The total number of shares that we assume will be outstanding after the
offering excludes (a) 249,522 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of
stock options outstanding as of June 30, 1999, with a weighted average exercise
price of $12.00 per share, (b) 660,504 shares of common stock reserved for
future issuance under our stock option plans, and (c) 70,000 shares issuable
upon exercise of outstanding warrants, with an exercise price of $16.94 per
share.
3
<PAGE> 8
SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
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SIX MONTHS ENDED
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, JUNE 30,
----------------------------------------------- -----------------
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1998 1999
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Net sales................................. $85,477 $91,585 $60,713 $84,642 $95,047 $41,161 $54,644
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales........................ 59,409 70,481 58,321 64,760 76,149 30,782 45,294
Selling, general, and
administrative..................... 4,867 5,386 5,351 6,557 7,334 3,434 4,942
Research and technology.............. 1,270 2,396 4,065 5,106 7,159 3,593 3,829
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
65,546 78,263 67,737 76,423 90,642 37,809 54,065
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Operating income (loss)................... 19,931 13,322 (7,024) 8,219 4,405 3,352 579
Other income (expense), net............... 724 643 273 358 (42) 299 (399)
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income (loss) before provision for
(benefit from) income taxes............. 20,655 13,965 (6,751) 8,577 4,363 3,651 180
Provision for (benefit from) income
taxes................................... 8,109 5,548 (2,920) 3,334 1,773 1,533 (218)
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net income (loss)......................... $12,546 $ 8,417 $(3,831) $ 5,243 $ 2,590 $ 2,118 $ 398
======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Earnings (loss) per common share:
Basic................................ $ 1.88 $ 1.09 $ (0.49) $ 0.67 $ 0.34 $ 0.27 $ 0.06
======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Diluted.............................. $ 1.59 $ 1.04 $ (0.49) $ 0.65 $ 0.33 $ 0.26 $ 0.06
======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Weighted average number of common shares:
Basic................................ 6,666 7,716 7,768 7,854 7,639 7,913 7,015
======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Diluted.............................. 7,890 8,084 7,768 8,090 7,802 8,141 7,120
======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
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JUNE 30, 1999
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AS
ACTUAL ADJUSTED(1)
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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Working capital............................................. $21,972 $
Total assets................................................ 89,583
Notes payable to banks and long-term debt................... 13,095
Total stockholders' equity.................................. 51,600
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(1) Adjusted to reflect the sale of the shares of common stock
offered by us in this offering at an assumed public offering price of $
per share and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and
offering expenses and giving effect to the application of the net proceeds.
See "Use of Proceeds" and "Capitalization."
------------------------
LCaD(R) and the triangle logo are registered trademarks of Three-Five, and
LCid(TM), LCoS(TM), LCoS(TM) stylized and THREE-FIVE and the triangle logo are
trademarks of Three-Five. This prospectus also includes trademarks, service
marks, and trade names of other companies.
4
<PAGE> 9
RISK FACTORS
Before you invest in our common stock, you should be aware that there are
risks, including those set forth below. You should carefully consider these risk
factors, together with all the other information included in this prospectus,
before you decide to purchase shares of our common stock.
MOTOROLA ACCOUNTS FOR A SIGNIFICANT PORTION OF OUR SALES.
Our business depends to a significant extent on Motorola's success in the
cellular telephone business, particularly in the various major cellular
telephone programs in which we participate. Any material delay, cancellation, or
reduction of orders from Motorola could have a material adverse effect on our
business.
Motorola has been our largest customer during each of the last five years.
Sales to Motorola accounted for approximately 80.8% of our net sales in the
first six months of 1999, 63.6% in 1998, 34.6% in 1997, 65.1% in 1996, 80.5% in
1995, and 84.1% in 1994. Throughout this period, substantially all of our sales
to Motorola were for cellular telephone applications.
We anticipate that sales to Motorola in 1999 will exceed 1998 levels and
that the percentage of our net sales attributable to Motorola may increase in
1999 as a result of increasing sales to Motorola and delays in several programs
for other customers. Sales to Motorola currently are made through seven buyers
operating in seven separate plants. We currently have ongoing approximately 12
families of product programs for Motorola. During the first six months of 1999,
the five largest of these product programs accounted for a total of 73.7% of our
net sales, with the largest program accounting for 31.9% of our net sales.
During 1998, the five largest of these product programs accounted for a total of
46.0% of our net sales, with the largest program accounting for 14.6% of our net
sales.
A decline in sales to Motorola could occur at any time. For example, an
unexpected reduction in Motorola cellular telephone programs reduced our net
sales to Motorola from $73.7 million in 1995 to $39.5 million in 1996 and $29.2
million in 1997. Since Motorola has no long-term contractual commitments to
purchase any of our products, we could experience similar declines in our net
sales in the future.
WE ARE SUBJECT TO LENGTHY DEVELOPMENT PERIODS AND PRODUCT ACCEPTANCE CYCLES.
We sell our display modules to OEMs, which then incorporate them into the
products they sell. OEMs make the determination during their product development
programs whether to incorporate our display modules or pursue other
alternatives. This requires us to make significant investments of time and
capital in the custom design of display modules well before our customers
introduce their products incorporating these displays and before we can be sure
that we will generate any significant sales to our customers or even recover our
investment. During a customer's entire product development process, we face the
risk that our display will fail to meet our customer's technical, performance,
or cost requirements or will be replaced by a competitive product or alternative
technological solution. Even if we complete our design process in a manner
satisfactory to our customer, the customer may delay or terminate its product
development efforts. The occurrence of any of these events would adversely
affect our operating results.
WE DO NOT HAVE LONG-TERM PURCHASE COMMITMENTS FROM OUR CUSTOMERS.
Our customers, including Motorola, generally do not provide us with firm,
long-term volume purchase commitments. Although we have begun to enter into more
manufacturing contracts with our customers, these contracts clarify order lead
times, inventory risk allocation, and similar matters rather than provide firm,
long-term volume purchase commitments. As a result, customers can cancel
purchase commitments or reduce or delay orders at any time. The cancellation,
delay, or reduction of customer commitments could result in our holding excess
and obsolete inventory or having unabsorbed manufacturing overhead. The large
percentage of our sales to customers in the retail electronics industry, which
is subject to severe competitive pressures, rapid technological change, and
product obsolescence, increases our inventory and overhead risks.
5
<PAGE> 10
Our operating results have been materially and adversely affected in the
past as a result of the failure to obtain anticipated orders and deferrals or
cancellations of purchase commitments because of changes in customer
requirements. For example, we made two announcements in 1998 that sales would
not meet our expectations because of delays in customer programs.
WE DEPEND ON THE MARKET ACCEPTANCE OF THE PRODUCTS OF OUR CUSTOMERS.
We do not sell any products to end users. Instead, we design and
manufacture various product solutions that our customers incorporate into their
products. As a result, our success depends almost entirely upon the widespread
market acceptance of our customers' products. Any significant slowdown in the
demand for our customers' products would adversely affect our business.
Because our success depends on the widespread market acceptance of our
customers' products, we must identify industries that have significant growth
potential and establish relationships with OEMs in those industries. Our failure
to identify potential growth opportunities or establish relationships with OEMs
in those industries would adversely affect our business.
Our dependence on the success of the products of our customers exposes us
to a variety of risks, including the following:
- our ability to provide significant design and manufacturing services for
customers on a timely and cost-effective basis;
- our success in maintaining customer satisfaction with our design and
manufacturing services;
- our ability to match our design and manufacturing capacity with customer
demand and to maintain satisfactory delivery schedules;
- customer order patterns, changes in order mix, and the level and timing
of orders placed by customers that we can complete in a quarter; and
- the cyclical nature of the industries and markets we serve.
Our failure to address these risks may cause our sales to decline.
WE FACE INTENSE COMPETITION.
We serve intensely competitive industries that are characterized by price
erosion, rapid technological change, and competition from major domestic and
international companies. This intense competition could result in pricing
pressures, lower sales, reduced margins, and lower market share. Many of our
competitors have greater market recognition, larger customer bases, and
substantially greater financial, technical, marketing, distribution, and other
resources than we possess. As a result, they may be able to introduce new
products and respond to customer requirements more quickly than we can.
Our competitive position could suffer if one or more of our customers
decide to design and manufacture their own display modules, to use standard
devices, to contract with our competitors, or to use alternative technologies.
In addition, our customers typically develop a second source, even for displays
we design for them. These second source suppliers may win an increasing share of
a program, particularly as it grows and matures, by competing primarily on price
rather than on design capability.
Our ability to compete successfully depends on a number of factors, both
within and outside our control. These factors include the following:
- our success in designing and manufacturing new product solutions,
including those implementing new technologies;
- our ability to address the needs of customers;
- the quality, performance, reliability, features, ease of use, pricing,
and diversity of our product solutions;
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<PAGE> 11
- foreign currency fluctuations, which may cause a foreign competitor's
products to be priced significantly lower than our product solutions;
- the quality of our customer services;
- our efficiency of production;
- the rate at which customers incorporate our product solutions into their
own products; and
- product or technology introductions by our competitors.
SHORTAGES OF COMPONENTS AND MATERIALS MAY DELAY OR REDUCE OUR SALES AND INCREASE
OUR COSTS.
Our inability to obtain sufficient quantities of components and other
materials necessary to produce our displays could result in reduced or delayed
sales or lost orders. Any delay in or loss of sales could adversely impact our
operating results. We obtain many of the materials we use in the manufacture of
our displays from a limited number of foreign suppliers, particularly suppliers
located in Asia, and we do not have long-term supply contracts with any of them.
As a result, we are subject to economic instability and currency fluctuations in
these Asian countries as well as to increased costs, supply interruptions, and
difficulties in obtaining materials. Our customers also may encounter
difficulties or increased costs in obtaining from others the materials necessary
to produce their products into which our product solutions are incorporated.
Materials and components for some of our major programs from time to time
have been subject to allocation because of shortages of these materials and
components. During 1998, we occasionally delayed sales of our LCD modules as a
result of the unavailability of LCD polarizers and drivers. During the first
half of 1999, we experienced difficulties obtaining our requirements for
application specific integrated circuits as a result of a worldwide shortage.
These shortages resulted in lost sales opportunities. Similar shortages in the
future could have a material adverse effect on our business.
WE MUST MAINTAIN SATISFACTORY MANUFACTURING YIELDS AND CAPACITY.
Our inability to maintain high levels of productivity or satisfactory
delivery schedules at our manufacturing facilities in Manila, Beijing, or
Arizona would adversely affect our operating results. The design and manufacture
of LCDs and display modules are highly complex processes that are sensitive to a
wide variety of factors, including the level of contaminants in the
manufacturing environment, impurities in the materials used, and the performance
of personnel and equipment. As is typical in the industry, at times we have
experienced lower than anticipated manufacturing yields and lengthening of
delivery schedules. We may encounter lower manufacturing yields and longer
delivery schedules as we continue to ramp up our high-volume LCD line to greater
production levels and begin to manufacture LCoS microdisplays. In addition, the
complexity of manufacturing processes will increase along with increases in the
sophistication of display modules.
Manufacturing yields may decrease and delivery schedules may lengthen as we
increase our manufacturing output in our new Beijing facility. Other companies
have experienced difficulty in expanding or relocating manufacturing output and
capacity, resulting in reduced manufacturing yields or delays in product
deliveries. We could experience similar manufacturing yield or delivery
problems. Any of these problems could adversely affect our operating results.
OUR EMERGING MICRODISPLAY BUSINESS MAY NOT BE SUCCESSFUL.
Our emerging microdisplay business, from which we expect to derive
substantial revenue, faces many uncertainties. If we fail to successfully
address these uncertainties, and our microdisplay business is not successful,
our sales may not grow at the rate we anticipate.
7
<PAGE> 12
Manufacturing an LCoS microdisplay involves a significantly different
procedure than manufacturing a typical liquid crystal display. Although we added
additional equipment to our Arizona-based LCD manufacturing line in 1998 to
enhance our ability to manufacture LCoS microdisplays, the manufacture of
microdisplays will require us to overcome numerous challenges, including the
following:
- the use of a new material, silicon;
- the modification of equipment and processes to accommodate the miniature
size of the product;
- the implementation of new manufacturing techniques;
- the incorporation of new handling procedures;
- the maintenance of cleaner manufacturing environments; and
- the ability to master tighter tolerances in the manufacturing process.
We could experience significant problems in commencing volume production of
LCoS microdisplays. These problems could result in the delay of the full
implementation of high-volume LCoS microdisplay production. In addition, lower
than expected manufacturing yields could significantly and adversely affect us
because of the relatively high cost of the silicon backplanes used in LCoS
microdisplays.
Various target markets for our microdisplays, including projectors,
monitors, high-definition televisions, and portable microdisplays, are
uncertain, may be slow to develop, or could utilize competing technologies. Many
manufacturers have well-established positions in the projector and monitor
markets. As a result, we must provide these manufacturers with lower cost,
comparable performance microdisplays for their products. High-definition
television has only recently become available to consumers, and widespread
market acceptance is uncertain. Penetrating this market will require us to offer
lower cost alternatives to existing technology. In addition, the commercial
success of the portable microdisplay market is uncertain. Gaining acceptance in
this market may prove difficult because of the radically different approach of
microdisplays to the presentation of information. The failure of any of these
target markets to develop as we expect, or our failure to penetrate these
markets, will impede our anticipated sales growth. Even if our technology
successfully meets our price and performance goals, our customers may not
achieve commercial success in selling their products that incorporate our
microdisplay technology.
OUR BUSINESS DEPENDS ON NEW PRODUCTS AND TECHNOLOGIES.
We operate in rapidly changing industries. Technological advances, the
introduction of new products, and new design and manufacturing techniques could
adversely affect our business unless we are able to adapt to the changing
conditions. As a result, we will be required to expend substantial funds for and
commit significant resources to
- continue research and development activities on existing and potential
product solutions;
- engage additional engineering and other technical personnel; and
- purchase advanced design, production, and test equipment.
Our future operating results will depend to a significant extent on our
ability to continue to provide new product solutions that compare favorably on
the basis of time to introduction, cost, and performance with the design and
manufacturing capabilities of OEMs and competitive third-party suppliers. Our
success in attracting new customers and developing new business depends on
various factors, including the following:
- utilization of advances in technology;
- innovative development of new solutions for customer products;
- efficient and cost-effective services; and
- timely completion of the design and manufacture of new product solutions.
8
<PAGE> 13
OUR EFFORTS TO DEVELOP NEW TECHNOLOGIES MAY NOT RESULT IN COMMERCIAL SUCCESS.
Our research and development efforts with respect to new technologies may
not result in customer or widespread market acceptance. Some or all of those
technologies may not successfully make the transition from the research and
development lab to cost-effective production as a result of technology problems,
competitive cost issues, yield problems, and other factors. Even when we
successfully complete a research and development effort with respect to a
particular technology, our customers may determine not to introduce or may
terminate products utilizing the technology for a variety of reasons, including
the following:
- difficulties with other suppliers of components for the products;
- superior technologies developed by our competitors;
- price considerations;
- lack of anticipated or actual market demand for the products; and
- unfavorable comparisons with products introduced by others.
The nature of our business requires us to make capital expenditures and
investments for new technologies. For example, our capital expenditures for LCoS
microdisplays, currently our largest research and development effort, have been
approximately $1.6 million to date. To facilitate the development of our LCoS
microdisplay products, we also made an equity investment of $3.3 million in
inViso, Inc., formerly Siliscape, Inc., during 1998 and purchased assets and
technology of the former Light Valve business unit of National Semiconductor
Corporation for approximately $3.6 million during 1999. We may be required to
make similar investments and acquisitions in the future to maintain or enhance
our ability to offer technological solutions.
Significant expenditures relating to one or more new technologies,
especially LCoS microdisplays, that ultimately prove to be unsuccessful for any
reason could have a material adverse effect on us. In addition, any investments
or acquisitions, such as inViso and the assets and technology of the former
Light Valve business unit, made to enhance our technologies may prove to be
unsuccessful.
WE FACE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS.
Our manufacturing operations in Manila, Beijing, and Arizona and our sales
and distribution operations in Europe create a number of logistical and
communications challenges. These international operations also expose us to
various economic, political, and other risks including the following:
- management of a multi-national organization;
- compliance with local laws and regulatory requirements as well as changes
in those laws and requirements;
- employment and severance issues;
- overlap of tax issues;
- tariffs and duties;
- possible employee turnover or labor unrest;
- lack of developed infrastructure;
- the burdens and costs of compliance with a variety of foreign laws; and
- political or economic instability in certain parts of the world.
Changes in policies by the United States or foreign governments resulting
in, among other things, increased duties, higher taxation, currency conversion
limitations, restrictions on the transfer or repatriation of funds, limitations
on imports or exports, or the expropriation of private enterprises also could
have a
9
<PAGE> 14
material adverse effect on us. Any actions by our host countries to reverse
policies that encourage foreign investment or foreign trade also could adversely
affect our operating results. In addition, U.S. trade policies, such as "most
favored nation" status and trade preferences for certain Asian nations, could
affect the attractiveness of our services to our U.S. customers.
WE DEPEND ON OUR MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES.
Any disruption or termination of our manufacturing operations in Manila or
air transportation with the Philippines, even for a relatively short period of
time, would adversely affect our operations. The Philippines have been subject
to volcanic eruptions, typhoons, and substantial civil disturbances, including
attempted military coups against the government, since we commenced operations
at the facility in 1986. We have made cumulative capital investments in the
Philippines amounting to approximately $13.0 million through June 30, 1999. We
believe that our manufacturing operations in Manila constitute one of our most
important resources and that it would be difficult to replace the low-cost,
high-performance facility or the highly trained production staff in the event of
the disruption or termination of our manufacturing operations in Manila.
Our operations in Manila also depend on the business and financial
condition of the third-party subcontractor that owns the manufacturing facility,
which is located on land the subcontractor leases from the Philippine
government. The subcontractor operates the facility utilizing equipment,
processes, and documentation that we own and supervisory personnel that we
employ. The subcontractor provides us with direct production personnel and
leases space to us. The subcontractor also utilizes additional space in the
facility to produce products for other entities unrelated to us. The failure of
the subcontractor to fulfill its obligations to us would adversely affect our
operating results. Our agreements with the subcontractor extend through December
31, 2000 and are renewable from year to year thereafter, but may be terminated
by the subcontractor upon 180 days written notice.
OUR NEW OPERATIONS IN CHINA ARE UNPROVEN.
We commenced manufacturing operations in Beijing, China, during 1998. We
recently completed the construction of a high-volume LCD module manufacturing
facility in Beijing, which is similar to our Manila facility. We face all of the
risks inherent in constructing, equipping, and commencing operations in a new
facility. A failure of our Beijing facility to operate as we expect could
adversely affect our operating results.
We have made cumulative capital investments in China amounting to
approximately $9.1 million through June 30, 1999. Our operations and assets are
subject to significant political, economic, legal and other uncertainties in
China. The Chinese government recently has been pursuing economic reform
policies, including the encouragement of foreign trade and investment and
greater economic decentralization. The Chinese government, however, may not
continue to pursue these policies, may not successfully pursue these policies,
or may significantly alter these policies from time to time. China currently
does not have a comprehensive and highly developed system of laws, particularly
with respect to foreign investment activities and foreign trade. Enforcement of
existing and future laws and contracts is uncertain, and implementation and
interpretation of laws may be inconsistent. As the Chinese legal system
develops, the passage of new laws, changes in existing laws, and the preemption
of local regulations by national laws may adversely affect us. We also could be
adversely affected by a number of other factors, including the following:
- the imposition of austerity measures intended to reduce inflation;
- inadequate development or maintenance of infrastructure, including the
unavailability of adequate power and water supplies, transportation, raw
materials, and parts; and
- a deterioration of the general political, economic, or social environment
in China.
In addition, the U.S. government has granted China "most favored nation"
status under which the United States imposes the lowest applicable tariffs on
Chinese exports to the United States. The United
10
<PAGE> 15
States could determine not to renew China's most favored nation status in future
years. The failure or refusal of the U.S. government to renew this status could
adversely affect us by increasing the cost to U.S. customers of products
manufactured by us in China.
WE FACE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND CURRENCY EXCHANGE.
Political and economic conditions abroad may adversely affect the foreign
manufacture and sale of our displays. Protectionist trade legislation in either
the United States or foreign countries, such as a change in the current tariff
structures, export or import compliance laws, or other trade policies, could
adversely affect our ability to manufacture or sell displays in foreign markets
and to purchase materials or equipment from foreign suppliers.
While we transact business predominantly in U.S. dollars and bill and
collect most of our sales in U.S. dollars, we collect a portion of our revenue
in non-U.S. currencies, such as the Chinese renminbi. In the future, customers
increasingly may make payments in non-U.S. currencies, such as the newly created
Euro. In addition, we account for a portion of our costs, such as payroll, rent,
and indirect operating costs, in non-U.S. currencies, including Philippine
pesos, British pounds sterling, and Chinese renminbi.
Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could affect our cost of
goods and operating margins and could result in exchange losses. In addition,
currency devaluation can result in a loss to us if we hold deposits of that
currency. The Philippine peso suffered a major devaluation in late 1997, and the
Chinese renminbi has experienced significant devaluation against most major
currencies over the last five years. Hedging foreign currencies can be
difficult, especially if the currency is not freely traded. We cannot predict
the impact of future exchange rate fluctuations on our operating results.
The risks described above are particularly important since international
sales represented approximately 68.0% of our net sales in the first six months
of 1999 and approximately 41.8% of our net sales in 1998. Sales in foreign
markets, primarily Europe and China, to OEMs based in the United States
accounted for almost all of our international sales in both of these periods. In
the future, we expect sales to OEMs based in Europe and China to increase.
VARIABILITY OF CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR OPERATING RESULTS.
Custom manufacturers for OEMs must provide increasingly rapid product
turnaround and respond to ever-shorter lead times. A variety of conditions, both
specific to individual customers and generally affecting the demand for their
products, may cause customers to cancel, reduce, or delay orders. Cancellations,
reductions, or delays by a significant customer or by a group of customers could
adversely affect our business. On occasion, customers require rapid increases in
production, which can strain our resources and reduce our margins. Although we
have increased our manufacturing capacity, we may lack sufficient capacity at
any given time to meet our customers' demands if their demands exceed
anticipated levels.
OUR OPERATING RESULTS HAVE SIGNIFICANT FLUCTUATIONS.
In addition to the variability resulting from the short-term nature of our
customers' commitments, other factors contribute to significant periodic and
seasonal quarterly fluctuations in our results of operations. These factors
include the following:
- the timing of orders;
- the volume of orders relative to our capacity;
- product introductions and market acceptance of new products or new
generations of products;
- evolution in the life cycles of customers' products;
- timing of expenditures in anticipation of future orders;
- effectiveness in managing manufacturing processes;
11
<PAGE> 16
- changes in cost and availability of labor and components;
- product mix;
- pricing and availability of competitive products and services; and
- changes or anticipated changes in economic conditions.
Accordingly, you should not rely on the results of any past periods as an
indication of our future performance. It is likely that in some future period,
our operating results may be below expectations of public market analysts or
investors. If this occurs, our stock price may drop.
WE MUST EFFECTIVELY UTILIZE OUR ARIZONA FACILITY.
The effective utilization of our Arizona facility and its high-volume LCD
manufacturing line is critical to our success. We utilize the high-volume line
to produce a majority of our own requirements for LCDs.
The successful utilization of the LCD manufacturing line requires us to (1)
produce LCDs on a timely and cost-effective basis at quality levels at least
equal to product available from independent suppliers and (2) utilize the LCDs
we produce in devices we design and manufacture in a manner satisfactory to our
customers. We experienced some delays in fully implementing our LCD
manufacturing operations in 1996. We could experience problems or delays in the
future in conducting our LCD manufacturing operations. Any problems with our LCD
manufacturing operations could result in the lengthening of our delivery
schedules, reductions in the quality or performance of our design and
manufacturing services, and reduced customer satisfaction. These problems also
could require us to purchase our LCD requirements from third parties and could
delay our ability to recover our substantial expenditures in constructing and
equipping the high-volume LCD manufacturing line.
WE MUST EFFECTIVELY MANAGE OUR GROWTH.
The failure to manage our growth effectively could adversely affect our
operations. We have increased the number of our manufacturing and design
programs and plan to expand further the number and diversity of our programs in
the future. Our ability to manage our planned growth effectively will require us
to:
- enhance our operational, financial, and management systems;
- expand our facilities and equipment; and
- successfully hire, train, and motivate additional employees, including
the technical personnel necessary to operate our new production facility
in Beijing.
As we expand and diversify our product and customer base, we may be
required to further increase our overhead and selling expenses. We also may be
required to increase staffing and other expenses as well as our expenditures on
capital equipment and leasehold improvements in order to meet the anticipated
demand of our customers. Customers, however, generally do not commit to firm
production schedules for more than a short time in advance. Any increase in
expenditures in anticipation of future orders that do not materialize would
adversely affect our profitability. For example, prior to the receipt of orders,
we substantially increased our manufacturing capacity in 1998 by starting up
manufacturing operations in Beijing. Customers also may require rapid increases
in design and production services that place an excessive short-term burden on
our resources.
WE DEPEND ON KEY PERSONNEL.
Our development and operations depend substantially on the efforts and
abilities of our senior management and technical personnel. The recent
appointment of a new chief executive officer and the anticipated appointment of
a new chief technology officer will require the integration of management
personnel, the realignment of management duties, and the confirmation of
strategic initiatives.
12
<PAGE> 17
The competition for qualified management and technical personnel is
intense. The loss of services of one or more of our key employees or the
inability to add key personnel, including those required for our LCD
manufacturing facility, could have a material adverse effect on us. Although we
maintain non-competition and nondisclosure covenants with certain key personnel,
we do not have any fixed-term agreements with, or key person life insurance
covering, any officer or employee.
WE MUST PROTECT OUR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY.
We believe that our continued success depends in part on protecting our
proprietary technology. Third parties could claim that we are infringing their
patents or other intellectual property rights. In the event that a third party
alleges that we are infringing its rights, we may not be able to obtain licenses
on commercially reasonable terms from the third party, if at all, or the third
party may commence litigation against us. The failure to obtain necessary
licenses or other rights or the institution of litigation arising out of such
claims could materially and adversely affect us.
We rely on a combination of patent, trade secret, and trademark laws,
confidentiality procedures, and contractual provisions to protect our
intellectual property. We seek to protect certain of our technology under trade
secret laws, which afford only limited protection. We face risks associated with
our intellectual property, including the following:
- pending patent applications may not be issued;
- intellectual property laws may not protect our intellectual property
rights;
- third parties may challenge, invalidate, or circumvent any patent issued
to us;
- rights granted under patents issued to us may not provide competitive
advantages to us;
- unauthorized parties may attempt to obtain and use information that we
regard as proprietary despite our efforts to protect our proprietary
rights;
- others may independently develop similar technology or design around any
patents issued to us; and
- effective protection of intellectual property rights may be limited or
unavailable in some foreign countries, such as China, in which we
operate.
THE MARKET PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK MAY BE VOLATILE.
The market price of our common stock has been extremely volatile. Our stock
price increased dramatically during the three-year period ended December 31,
1994, but declined significantly during 1995 and 1996. The stock price increased
again during 1997, but declined significantly in 1998. Our stock price again
increased during the first half of 1999. The trading price of our common stock
in the future could continue to be subject to wide fluctuations in response to
various factors, including the following:
- quarterly variations in our operating results;
- actual or anticipated announcements of technical innovations or new
product developments by us or our competitors;
- changes in analysts' estimates of our financial performance;
- general conditions in the electronics industry; and
- worldwide economic and financial conditions.
In addition, the stock market has experienced extreme price and volume
fluctuations that have particularly affected the market prices for many
high-technology companies and that often have been unrelated to the operating
performance of these companies. These broad market fluctuations and other
factors may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
13
<PAGE> 18
THE ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY IS CYCLICAL.
The electronics industry has experienced significant economic downturns at
various times, characterized by diminished product demand, accelerated erosion
of average selling prices, and production over-capacity. In addition, the
electronics industry is cyclical in nature. We have sought to reduce our
exposure to industry downturns and cyclicality by providing design and
production services for leading companies in rapidly expanding segments of the
electronics industry. We may, however, experience substantial period-to-period
fluctuations in future operating results because of general industry conditions
or events occurring in the general economy.
WE MUST FINANCE THE GROWTH OF OUR BUSINESS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW PRODUCTS.
To remain competitive, we must continue to make significant investments in
research and development, equipment, and facilities. As a result of the increase
in fixed costs and operating expenses related to these capital expenditures, our
failure to increase sufficiently our net sales to offset these increased costs
would adversely affect our operating results.
From time to time, we may seek additional equity or debt financing to
provide for the capital expenditures required to maintain or expand our design
and production facilities and equipment. We cannot predict the timing or amount
of any such capital requirements at this time. If such financing is not
available on satisfactory terms, we may be unable to expand our business or to
develop new business at the rate desired and our operating results may suffer.
Debt financing increases expenses and must be repaid regardless of operating
results. Equity financing could result in additional dilution to existing
stockholders.
WE ARE SUBJECT TO ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS.
Our operations result in the creation of small amounts of hazardous waste,
including various epoxies, gases, inks, solvents, and other wastes. Any failure
by us to control the use, or adequately restrict the discharge, of hazardous
substances could subject us to future liabilities. We are subject to federal,
state, and local governmental regulations related to the use, storage,
discharge, and disposal of toxic, volatile, or otherwise hazardous chemicals
used in our design and manufacturing processes. The amount of hazardous waste
produced by us may increase in the future depending on changes in our
operations. Our failure to comply with present or future environmental
regulations could result in the imposition of fines, suspension of production,
or a cessation of operations. Compliance with these regulations could require us
to acquire costly equipment or to incur other significant expenses.
CHANGE IN CONTROL PROVISIONS MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT EXISTING STOCKHOLDERS.
Our restated certificate of incorporation and the Delaware General
Corporation Law contain provisions that may have the effect of making more
difficult or delaying attempts by others to obtain control of our company, even
when these attempts may be in the best interests of stockholders. Our restated
certificate also authorizes the board of directors, without stockholder
approval, to issue one or more series of preferred stock, which could have
voting and conversion rights that adversely affect or dilute the voting power of
the holders of common stock. Delaware law also imposes conditions on certain
business combination transactions with "interested stockholders."
WE FACE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH "YEAR 2000" COMPLIANCE.
Many existing computer programs and databases use only two digits to
identify a year in the date field. For example, 99 would represent 1999. These
programs and databases were designed and developed without considering the
impact of the upcoming millennium. Consequently, date sensitive computer
programs may interpret the date "00" as 1900 rather than 2000. If not corrected,
many computer systems could fail or create erroneous results in 2000. Failure in
our systems, or in the systems of our vendors or customers, could cause
significant adverse effects to us.
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<PAGE> 19
SALES OF LARGE NUMBERS OF SHARES COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT THE PRICE OF OUR COMMON
STOCK.
All of our outstanding shares are freely tradeable without restriction or
further registration. Affiliates must sell all shares they own in compliance
with the volume and other requirements of Rule 144, except for the holding
period requirements. Our directors and executive officers and the selling
stockholder have agreed that for a period of 90 days after the date of this
prospectus, they will not directly or indirectly sell any shares of common stock
without the consent of Needham & Company. Sales of substantial amounts of common
stock by our stockholders, or even the potential for such sales, may have a
depressive effect on the market price of our common stock and could impair our
ability to raise capital through the sale of our equity securities.
WE DO NOT PAY CASH DIVIDENDS.
We have never paid any cash dividends on our common stock and do not
anticipate that we will pay cash dividends in the near term. Instead, we intend
to apply earnings to the expansion and development of our business.
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements and information contained in this prospectus concerning
our future, proposed, and anticipated activities; certain trends with respect to
our revenue, operating results, capital resources, and liquidity or with respect
to the markets in which we compete or the electronics industry in general; and
other statements contained in this prospectus regarding matters that are not
historical facts are forward-looking statements, as such term is defined under
applicable securities laws. Forward-looking statements, by their very nature,
include risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control.
Accordingly, actual results may differ, perhaps materially, from those expressed
in or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause
actual results to differ materially include those discussed under "Risk
Factors."
USE OF PROCEEDS
The net proceeds to us from the sale of our common stock are estimated to
be approximately $ , assuming a public offering price of $ per
share, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and offering
expenses. We plan to use the net proceeds to retire approximately $8.1 million
borrowed under our secured credit facility to finance our stock repurchase
program and $9.0 million borrowed in connection with recent acquisitions and
working capital loans. The credit facility consists of a $15.0 million revolving
line of credit, which matures in May 2000 and is available for general corporate
purposes, and a $10.0 million term loan facility, which matures in August 2004
and is available for our stock repurchase program. Advances under the credit
facility may be made as prime rate advances, which accrue interest payable
monthly at the bank's prime lending rate, or as LIBOR rate advances, which bear
interest at 175 basis points in excess of the LIBOR base rate for the general
facility and 237.5 basis points in excess of the LIBOR base rate for the
repurchase facility. We do not expect to renew the $10.0 million term loan
portion of the facility. The balance of the net proceeds will be available for
working capital and general corporate purposes, including continued development
of our LCoS microdisplay technology and products and strategic acquisitions of
businesses or technologies complementary to our business. We do not have any
material commitments to make any strategic acquisitions at this time. Prior to
using the net proceeds, we plan to invest the net proceeds in short-term,
interest bearing, investment grade securities.
We will not receive any of the proceeds from the shares sold by the selling
stockholder. We have agreed to pay the expenses, other than underwriting
discounts, relating to the sale of these shares.
15
<PAGE> 20
PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK
Our common stock has been listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the
symbol "TFS" since December 29, 1994. The following table sets forth the
quarterly high and low closing prices of our common stock as reported on the New
York Stock Exchange for the periods indicated.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
HIGH LOW
------ ------
<S> <C> <C>
1997:
First Quarter.......................................... $16 1/4 $12 1/4
Second Quarter......................................... 16 11 5/8
Third Quarter.......................................... 26 7/8 14 1/4
Fourth Quarter......................................... 26 7/8 16 1/4
1998:
First Quarter.......................................... $23 1/16 $17 3/4
Second Quarter......................................... 20 3/8 14 7/8
Third Quarter.......................................... 18 3/1 7 1/16
Fourth Quarter......................................... 13 7/8 6 1/2
1999:
First Quarter.......................................... $16 $ 8 5/8
Second Quarter......................................... 13 13/1 8 1/16
Third Quarter (Through July 28, 1999).................. 19 1/8 13 11/1
</TABLE>
As of June 30, 1999, there were approximately 1,100 holders of record and
approximately 6,100 beneficial owners of our common stock. The closing sale
price of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on July 28, 1999 was
$16 3/8 per share.
DIVIDEND POLICY
Our policy is to retain earnings to provide funds for the operation and
expansion of our business. We have not paid cash dividends on our common stock
and do not anticipate that we will do so in the foreseeable future. Furthermore,
our $25.0 million credit facility with Imperial Bank and the National Bank of
Canada does not permit the payment of dividends without the consent of the
lenders. The payment of dividends in the future will depend on our growth,
profitability, financial condition, and other factors that our board of
directors may deem relevant.
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<PAGE> 21
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our short-term debt and capitalization at
June 30, 1999 and as adjusted to reflect the sale of the shares of
common stock offered by us in this offering at an assumed public offering price
of $ per share, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and
offering expenses that we will pay and giving effect to our receipt and
application of the net proceeds:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
JUNE 30, 1999
----------------------
ACTUAL AS ADJUSTED
------- -----------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C>
Short-term debt:
Notes payable............................................. $ 5,000 $
Current portion of long-term debt......................... 1,461
------- -------
Total short-term debt.................................. $ 6,461 $
======= =======
Long-term debt:
Long-term debt, less current portion...................... $ 6,634 $
------- -------
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares
authorized; issued and outstanding: none............... -- --
Common stock, $.01 par value; 15,000,000 shares
authorized; 7,983,606 issued and 7,017,836 outstanding,
actual; issued and outstanding, as
adjusted(1)............................................ 80
Additional paid-in capital................................ 32,545
Retained earnings......................................... 27,247 27,247
Cumulative translation adjustment......................... 10 10
Treasury stock, at cost (965,770 shares).................. (8,282) (8,282)
------- -------
Total stockholders' equity............................. 51,600
------- -------
Total capitalization.............................. $58,234 $
======= =======
</TABLE>
- ------------
(1) Excludes the following:
- 249,522 shares issuable upon exercise of options outstanding at June 30,
1999 under our stock option plans, with a weighted average exercise price
of $12.00 per share;
- 660,504 shares available for future issuance under our stock plans; and
- 70,000 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants with an
exercise price of $16.94.
For a discussion of benefit plans, see Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements.
17
<PAGE> 22
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The following table contains selected consolidated financial data and is
qualified by the more detailed Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes
thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus. The consolidated statement of
operations data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 1996, December 31, 1997,
and December 31, 1998 have been derived from our Consolidated Financial
Statements, which statements have been audited by Arthur Andersen LLP,
independent public accountants, and are included elsewhere in this prospectus.
The consolidated statement of operations data for the fiscal years ended
December 31, 1994 and December 31, 1995 have been derived from our consolidated
financial statements, which have been audited by Arthur Andersen LLP but which
are not included in this prospectus. Data as of June 30, 1999 and for the six
months ended June 30, 1998 and 1999 have been derived from our unaudited
Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this prospectus and, in
our opinion, include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring
adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations for
the periods presented. Results for the six months ended June 30, 1999 are not
necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. This
data should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements
and Notes thereto and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations" appearing elsewhere herein.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIX MONTHS ENDED
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, JUNE 30,
----------------------------------------------- -----------------
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1998 1999
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Net sales................................. $85,477 $91,585 $60,713 $84,642 $95,047 $41,161 $54,644
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales........................... 59,409 70,481 58,321 64,760 76,149 30,782 45,294
Selling, general, and administrative.... 4,867 5,386 5,351 6,557 7,334 3,434 4,942
Research and technology................. 1,270 2,396 4,065 5,106 7,159 3,593 3,829
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
65,546 78,263 67,737 76,423 90,642 37,809 54,065
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Operating income (loss)................... 19,931 13,322 (7,024) 8,219 4,405 3,352 579
Other income (expense), net............... 724 643 273 358 (42) 299 (399)
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income (loss) before provision for
(benefit from) income taxes............. 20,655 13,965 (6,751) 8,577 4,363 3,651 180
Provision for (benefit from) income
taxes................................... 8,109 5,548 (2,920) 3,334 1,773 1,533 (218)
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net income (loss)......................... $12,546 $ 8,417 $(3,831) $ 5,243 $ 2,590 $ 2,118 $ 398
======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Earnings (loss) per common share:
Basic................................... $ 1.88 $ 1.09 $ (0.49) $ 0.67 $ 0.34 $ 0.27 $ 0.06
======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Diluted................................. $ 1.59 $ 1.04 $ (0.49) $ 0.65 $ 0.33 $ 0.26 $ 0.06
======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Weighted average number of common shares:
Basic................................... 6,666 7,716 7,768 7,854 7,639 7,913 7,015
======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Diluted................................. 7,890 8,084 7,768 8,090 7,802 8,141 7,120
======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
</TABLE>
18
<PAGE> 23
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
JUNE 30, 1999
---------------------
AS
ACTUAL ADJUSTED(1)
------- -----------
<S> <C> <C>
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Working capital............................................. $21,972 $
Total assets................................................ 89,583
Notes payable to banks and long-term debt................... 13,095
Total stockholders' equity.................................. 51,600
</TABLE>
- -------------------------
(1) Adjusted to reflect the sale of the shares of common stock offered
by us in this offering at an assumed public offering price of $ per
share, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and offering
expenses and giving effect to the application of the net proceeds. See "Use
of Proceeds" and "Capitalization."
19
<PAGE> 24
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
OVERVIEW
We offer advanced design and manufacturing services to original equipment
manufacturers, commonly referred to as OEMs. We specialize in custom display
modules utilizing liquid crystal display, or LCD, components and technology. Our
LCD modules have varying levels of integration. At a minimum, each module
includes an LCD, a custom LCD driver, and a flexible connector. We also provide
value-added services, which increase our profit margins, by assembling
additional components onto the module based upon the specific needs of the
customer. These additional components include such items as key pads, plastics,
speakers, light guides, and optics.
We currently sell substantially all of our LCD modules to major OEMs. When
we win a design program, our customer typically pays most or all of our
nonrecurring engineering expenses to defray the costs of custom design, as well
as the costs of nonrecurring tooling for custom components. The typical program
life cycle of a custom-designed LCD module is three to twelve months and
includes technical design, prototyping, pilot manufacturing, and high-volume
manufacturing. We typically seek large volume programs from major OEMs. The
minimum production quantity for an LCD module typically approximates 100,000
units per year, although the production rate for some programs has been as high
as 100,000 units per week. The selling price of our LCD modules usually ranges
between $5 and $20 per unit. We recognize revenue upon product shipment.
We experienced substantial growth from 1993 through 1995, primarily as a
result of sales to OEMs in the wireless communications industry, which grew
substantially during that period. During that period, our primary customer was
Motorola. In 1996, our net sales declined, primarily as a result of the
phase-out by Motorola of a significant family of programs. In 1997, our net
sales returned to pre-1996 levels primarily as a result of several new programs
and customers, including Hewlett-Packard. Motorola accounted for 65.1% of our
net sales in 1996, 34.6% in 1997, and 63.6% in 1998. In the first half of 1999,
net sales to Motorola increased at a rate faster than net sales to our other
customers and represented 80.8% of our net sales. Hewlett-Packard accounted for
32.0% of our net sales in 1997, and less than 10.0% in 1998 and the first half
of 1999. This percentage decrease occurred as several older Hewlett-Packard
programs matured. In addition, new programs launched by Hewlett-Packard in 1998
either did not require our LCD modules or required less complex, lower cost
modules.
During the past several years, we have experienced seasonal quarterly
fluctuations in our net sales as our OEM customers developed retail products
with shorter product life cycles and phased out older programs early in the year
following holiday sales. As a result, sales usually peak in the fourth quarter
of a calendar year and are lower in the following quarter.
Several factors impact our gross margins, including manufacturing
efficiencies, product differentiation, product uniqueness, inventory management,
product mix, and volume pricing. Currently, significant pricing pressure exists
in the LCD module market, especially in higher volume programs in the wireless
communications industry. Accordingly, as the production levels of some of our
new higher volume programs have increased, the lower standard gross margins on
those programs have impacted our overall margins.
We vertically integrate our manufacturing facilities. In Arizona, we own
and operate the largest high-volume LCD production line in North America. We
generally use the Arizona facility for the manufacture of more technologically
complex and custom high-volume LCDs. We also purchase LCDs from Asian sources to
provide us an alternate source and to ensure available capacity. In order to
take advantage of lower labor costs, we ship our LCDs to our facilities in
Manila, the Philippines, or Beijing, China, for assembly into modules.
20
<PAGE> 25
Historically, we have conducted most of our manufacturing operations at our
facility in Manila. At that facility, we assemble LCDs into modules and perform
certain back-end LCD processing operations. We conduct our operations in Manila
under an agreement with a third-party subcontract manufacturer. Under this
agreement, the subcontractor supplies direct labor and incidental services
required to manufacture our products. We also lease our manufacturing facility
from the subcontractor. All indirect manufacturing employees, primarily
technicians, supervisors, and engineers, are our employees.
In early 1998, we decided to open a similar display module manufacturing
facility in Beijing. Within six months, we located a temporary manufacturing
facility, equipped the facility, trained our personnel, qualified the facility
for customers, and qualified products manufactured at the facility. As we began
manufacturing operations in Beijing in the second and third quarters of 1998,
however, we incurred costs in advance of the receipt of significant sales. These
incremental Beijing-based expenses were reflected in our cost of sales. We began
manufacturing in volume in Beijing in the fourth quarter of 1998. We operated
the temporary Beijing facility at approximately 80% of capacity during the
second quarter of 1999.
We commenced construction of our permanent Beijing facility in late 1998.
This facility was substantially completed in early July 1999, and we are
currently in the process of occupying this new facility. We own our Beijing
facility through a wholly-owned foreign subsidiary. We expect to begin
production in the new manufacturing facility late in the third quarter of 1999.
We believe that the gross margin contribution of our Beijing facility will
increase as additional manufacturing lines are added and fixed overhead expenses
are spread over a greater volume of sales.
Selling, general, and administrative expense consists principally of
administrative and selling costs, salaries, commissions, and benefits to
personnel and related facility costs. We make substantially all of our sales
directly to OEMs, and our sales force consists of a small number of direct
technical sales persons. As a result, there is no material cost of distribution
in our selling, general, and administrative expense. Selling, general, and
administrative expense has increased as we have expanded our business and
increased our diversification efforts. In addition, we have recently incurred
substantial marketing and administrative expenses in connection with our LCoS
microdisplay business.
Research and technology expense consists principally of salaries and
benefits to scientists, design engineers, and other technical personnel, related
facility costs, process development costs, and various expenses for projects,
including new product development. Research and technology expense continues to
increase as we develop new display products and technologies, especially LCoS
microdisplays, while we continue with our in-house process development efforts
related to the high-volume LCD manufacturing line located in Arizona.
Since 1997, we have been working on the development of LCoS microdisplays.
In 1997, we entered into a strategic alliance with National Semiconductor
Corporation for the development of LCoS microdisplay products. Under that
alliance, National focused on the silicon technologies needed for microdisplays,
and we focused on the liquid crystal technologies. National recently decided to
close its microdisplay business unit, and in connection with that closing, in
July 1999, we purchased certain assets and licensed silicon technologies from
National relating to LCoS microdisplays for approximately $3.0 million in cash
and warrants to purchase 70,000 shares of our common stock in a transaction
valued at approximately $3.6 million. No additional payments are required under
the licenses. We also hired several key technical employees of National to
assist in the implementation of the acquired technologies.
In April 1998, we entered into a strategic relationship with inViso, Inc.,
formerly Siliscape, Inc., a privately held company with numerous patents and
proprietary technology related to microdisplay development. We acquired a
minority equity interest in inViso for approximately $3.3 million. As part of
this strategic relationship, we provide proprietary manufacturing capabilities
and liquid crystal expertise, and inViso provides patented and proprietary
technologies and components for the joint development of microdisplay products.
21
<PAGE> 26
These acquisitions, investments, and licenses will result in increased
research and technology expenses as we expand our LCoS microdisplay development
efforts in preparation for the commercial introduction of LCoS microdisplay
products. We are also considering licensing other technologies from other
companies that could be optimized on our LCD manufacturing line as well as
entering into further alliances. We expect to continue to devote substantial
resources to research and development, focusing, especially in the near term, on
our LCoS microdisplay technology and related products. As a result, the actual
dollar amount of our research and technology expenses will continue to increase.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the percentage
of net sales of certain items in our Consolidated Financial Statements.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIX MONTHS
ENDED
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, JUNE 30,
-------------------------- --------------
1996 1997 1998 1998 1999
------ ------ ------ ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales.......................................... 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales................................. 96.1 76.5 80.1 74.8 83.0
Selling, general, and administrative.......... 8.8 7.8 7.7 8.3 9.0
Research and technology....................... 6.7 6.0 7.6 8.8 7.0
----- ----- ----- ----- -----
111.6 90.3 95.4 91.9 99.0
----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Operating income (loss)............................ (11.6) 9.7 4.6 8.1 1.0
Other income (expense), net........................ 0.5 0.4 -- 0.7 (0.7)
----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Income (loss) before provision for (benefit from)
income taxes..................................... (11.1) 10.1 4.6 8.8 0.3
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes.......... (4.8) 3.9 1.9 3.7 (0.4)
----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net income (loss).................................. (6.3)% 6.2% 2.7% 5.1% 0.7%
===== ===== ===== ===== =====
</TABLE>
Six months ended June 30, 1999 compared to six months ended June 30, 1998
NET SALES. Net sales increased 32.5% to $54.6 million in the six months
ended June 30, 1999 from $41.2 million in the six months ended June 30, 1998.
This increase was the result of several new programs, primarily for Motorola.
COST OF SALES. Cost of sales increased to 83.0% of net sales in the six
months ended June 30, 1999 from 74.8% in the six months ended June 30, 1998.
This percentage increase resulted primarily from significant price pressure in
the LCD module market, especially affecting higher volume programs in the
wireless communications industry. In addition, high volume programs that
generally produce lower gross margins represented a larger percentage of net
sales in the first six months of 1999, thereby reducing overall gross margin.
Our gross margin in the six months ended June 30, 1999 was also adversely
impacted by the under-utilization of our facility in Manila during the first
quarter of 1999, partly related to material shortages and allocation of
manufacturing to our new Beijing facility. Utilization of the Manila facility
improved during the second quarter of 1999. In addition, in late 1998 and early
1999, we moved the labor-intensive portion of our Arizona LCD line and certain
chip-on-glass equipment to Manila. Inefficiencies related to the start-up of the
new lines adversely affected manufacturing yields in Manila during the first
quarter of 1999. However, yields improved as the facility became fully
operational in the second quarter. In addition, high fixed overhead costs
associated with our new Beijing facility adversely impacted gross margins during
the first six months of 1999. In the first six months of 1999, our operations in
Beijing
22
<PAGE> 27
produced a gross profit contribution of $349,000 on net sales of $16.4 million,
corresponding to a gross margin in our Beijing facility of 2.1%.
SELLING, GENERAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSE. Selling, general, and
administrative expense increased 44.1% to $4.9 million in the six months ended
June 30, 1999 from $3.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 1998. Selling,
general, and administrative expense was 9.0% of net sales in the six months
ended June 30, 1999 compared to 8.3% in the six months ended June 30, 1998. The
increase in selling, general, and administrative expense reflected the continued
expansion of our business. In particular, in the first half of 1999, we incurred
approximately $800,000 of marketing and administrative expenditures relating to
our LCoS microdisplay business compared to approximately $100,000 in the first
six months of 1998.
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY EXPENSE. Research and technology expense increased
5.6% to $3.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 1999 from $3.6 million in
the six months ended June 30, 1998. Research and technology expense was 7.0% of
net sales in the six months ended June 30, 1999 compared to 8.8% in the six
months ended June 30, 1998. Although research and technology expense associated
with in-process developments on the LCD line decreased in the first six months
of 1999, research and technology expense overall increased as the result of the
development of new display products and technologies. For example, LCoS
microdisplays accounted for approximately $1.8 million of research and
technology expense in the first six months of 1999 compared to approximately
$1.0 million in the first six months of 1998.
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE), NET. Other expense in the six months ended June
30, 1999 was $399,000 compared to other income of $299,000 in the six months
ended June 30, 1998. The difference was a result of increased interest expense
and reduced interest income. The increase in interest expense was primarily a
result of additional borrowing incurred in connection with our stock repurchase
program and increased borrowings on our working capital line of credit. Reduced
interest income was a result of lower cash balances.
PROVISION FOR (BENEFIT FROM) INCOME TAXES. We had a benefit from income
taxes of $218,000 in the six months ended June 30, 1999 compared to a provision
for income taxes of $1.5 million in the six months ended June 30, 1998. This
change resulted primarily from lower pre-tax income in the six months ended June
30, 1999 compared to the same period in 1998. In addition, we recorded a tax
benefit in the first quarter of 1999 relating to a state income tax refund. In
the second half of 1999, we expect our overall tax rate to be approximately
42.0%.
NET INCOME (LOSS). Net income decreased 81.0% to $398,000, or $0.06 per
diluted share, in the six months ended June 30, 1999 from $2.1 million, or $0.26
per diluted share, in the six months ended June 30, 1998. Excluding LCoS
microdisplay related expenses, our net income for the six months ended June 30,
1999 was approximately $1.9 million, or $0.27 per diluted share.
Year ended December 31, 1998 compared to year ended December 31, 1997
NET SALES. Net sales increased 12.3% to $95.0 million in 1998 from $84.6
million in 1997. The increase resulted from several new programs in 1998 for a
variety of customers, including Motorola. In 1998, we recorded 56.7% of our net
sales in the third and fourth quarters. Net sales in the fourth quarter of 1998
were almost 58.6% greater than in the first quarter of 1998.
COST OF SALES. Cost of sales increased to 80.1% of net sales in 1998 from
76.5% in 1997. The corresponding decrease in our gross margin was primarily the
result of manufacturing variances occurring as a result of the start-up of our
new manufacturing facility in Beijing, unfavorable manufacturing yields
experienced in connection with the start of several new programs, and increased
pricing pressure from customers and competitors, partially as a result of the
Asian economic crisis.
SELLING, GENERAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSE. Selling, general, and
administrative expense increased 10.6% to $7.3 million in 1998 from $6.6 million
in 1997. Selling, general, and administrative expense was 7.7% of net sales in
1998 compared to 7.8% in 1997. Selling, general, and administrative expense
increased
23
<PAGE> 28
in absolute terms as a result of increased selling expenses and the addition of
administrative personnel. As a result of increased net sales in 1998, however,
selling, general, and administrative expense declined slightly as a percent of
net sales.
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY EXPENSE. Research and technology expense increased
41.2% to $7.2 million in 1998 from $5.1 million in 1997. Research and technology
expense was 7.6% of net sales in 1998 compared to 6.0% in 1997. In 1998, we
continued to expand and intensify our research and development efforts on
proprietary display products as well as ongoing LCD manufacturing process
improvements, including increased use of the LCD manufacturing line in our
Arizona facility as a resource for development of these new products.
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE), NET. Other expense was $42,000 in 1998 compared to
other income of $358,000 in 1997. Net interest income in 1998 was $75,000, down
from $548,000 in 1997. The decrease in net interest income was the result of
investing lower average cash balances during the year as well as increased
interest expense as a result of increased debt. This decline in net interest
income was partially offset by reduced foreign exchange losses.
PROVISION FOR (BENEFIT FROM) INCOME TAXES. We recorded a provision for
income taxes of $1.8 million in 1998 compared to $3.3 million in 1997. Our
overall tax rate was 40.6% in 1998 compared to 38.9% in 1997. The increased tax
rate resulted primarily from losses in Beijing for which we did not receive a
tax benefit proportionate to our tax rate elsewhere in the world.
NET INCOME (LOSS). Net income decreased 50.0% to $2.6 million, or $0.33
per diluted share, in 1998 compared to $5.2 million, or $0.65 per diluted share,
in 1997.
Year ended December 31, 1997 compared to year ended December 31, 1996
NET SALES. Net sales increased 39.4% to $84.6 million in 1997 from $60.7
million in 1996. This increase was a result of several new programs in 1997 for
a variety of customers, including Hewlett-Packard. Increased sales to
Hewlett-Packard in 1997 more than offset a decline in sales to Motorola.
COST OF SALES. Cost of sales decreased to 76.5% of net sales in 1997
compared to 96.1% in 1996. The corresponding increase in gross margin was the
result of a number of factors, including decreased provision for excess and
obsolete inventory, decreased unfavorable manufacturing variances occurring as a
result of increased manufacturing volume, labor utilization, material purchases,
and better manufacturing yields due to a more mature product mix. Also, in the
third quarter of 1996 we took a special one-time provision for excess and
obsolete inventory related primarily to end-of-life programs for which the
majority of shipments, expected to occur in the latter part of 1996, never
materialized. Furthermore, we were required to make significant design
modifications to a new product, which also resulted in obsolete inventory.
Without the provision for excess and obsolete inventory taken in the third
quarter of 1996, cost of sales, as a percentage of net sales, would have been
84.5% in 1996.
SELLING, GENERAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSE. Selling, general, and
administrative expense increased 22.2% to $6.6 million in 1997 from $5.4 million
in 1996. Selling, general, and administrative expense was 7.8% of net sales in
1997 compared to 8.8% in 1996. Selling, general, and administrative expense
increased in absolute terms as a result of increased selling expenses and the
addition of administrative personnel. As a result of increased net sales in
1997, however, selling, general, and administrative expense declined as a
percentage of net sales.
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY EXPENSE. Research and technology expense increased
24.4% to $5.1 million in 1997 from $4.1 million in 1996. Research and technology
expense was 6.0% of net sales in 1997 compared to 6.7% in 1996. Research and
technology expense increased in 1997 as we invested in new technologies and
manufacturing processes, developed new potential products, and continued process
development efforts related to our high-volume LCD manufacturing line.
24
<PAGE> 29
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE), NET. Other income increased 31.1% to $358,000 in
1997 from $273,000 in 1996. Net interest income was $548,000 in 1997 compared to
$412,000 in 1996. The increase in interest income was the result of investing
higher average cash balances during the year. The increase in interest income
was partially offset by increased foreign exchange losses.
PROVISION FOR (BENEFIT FROM) INCOME TAXES. We recorded a provision for
income taxes of $3.3 million in 1997 compared to a benefit from income taxes of
$2.9 million in 1996. This resulted primarily from the net loss we recorded in
1996. Our overall tax rate was 38.9% in 1997 compared to 43.3% in 1996.
NET INCOME (LOSS). Net income was $5.2 million, or $0.65 per diluted
share, in 1997 compared to a net loss of $3.8 million, or $0.49 per share, in
1996. Without the provision for excess and obsolete inventory taken in 1996, our
net income would have been $158,000, or $0.02 per diluted share, in 1996.
25
<PAGE> 30
QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table presents unaudited consolidated statement of operations
data for each of the 10 quarters in the period ended June 30, 1999, as well as
such data expressed as a percentage of net sales. We believe that all necessary
adjustments have been included to present fairly the quarterly information when
read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements. The operating
results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the results for any
subsequent quarter.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
QUARTERS ENDED
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
-------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- -----------------
MAR. 31 JUNE 30 SEPT. 30 DEC. 31 MAR. 31 JUNE 30 SEPT. 30 DEC. 31 MAR. 31 JUNE 30
------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- -------- ------- ------- -------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales................. $16,129 $18,737 $24,074 $25,702 $18,479 $22,682 $24,572 $29,314 $23,044 $31,600
Cost and expenses:
Cost of sales........... 12,488 14,377 18,511 19,384 13,687 17,095 22,243 23,124 20,191 25,103
Selling, general, and
administrative........ 1,466 1,479 1,822 1,790 1,619 1,815 1,721 2,179 2,449 2,493
Research and
technology............ 1,130 1,315 1,314 1,347 1,689 1,904 1,250 2,316 1,821 2,008
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
15,084 17,171 21,647 22,521 16,995 20,814 25,214 27,619 24,461 29,604
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Operating income (loss)... 1,045 1,566 2,427 3,181 1,484 1,868 (642) 1,695 (1,417) 1,996
Other income (expense),
net..................... 145 147 111 (45) 175 124 (52) (289) (185) (214)
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income (loss) before
provision for (benefit
from) income taxes...... 1,190 1,713 2,538 3,136 1,659 1,992 (694) 1,406 (1,602) 1,782
Provision for (benefit
from) income taxes...... 389 685 1,010 1,250 664 869 (291) 531 (960) 742
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net income (loss)......... $ 801 $ 1,028 $ 1,528 $ 1,886 $ 995 $ 1,123 $ (403) $ 875 $ (642) $ 1,040
======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERCENTAGE OF NET SALES
QUARTERS ENDED
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
-------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- -----------------
MAR. 31 JUNE 30 SEPT. 30 DEC. 31 MAR. 31 JUNE 30 SEPT. 30 DEC. 31 MAR. 31 JUNE 30
------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- -------- ------- ------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales................. 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Cost and expenses:
Cost of sales........... 77.4 76.7 76.9 75.4 74.1 75.4 90.5 78.9 87.6 79.4
Selling, general, and
administrative........ 9.1 7.9 7.6 7.0 8.8 8.0 7.0 7.4 10.6 7.9
Research and
technology............ 7.0 7.0 5.5 5.2 9.1 8.4 5.1 7.9 7.9 6.4
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
93.5 91.6 90.0 87.6 92.0 91.8 102.6 94.2 106.1 93.7
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Operating income (loss)... 6.5 8.4 10.0 12.4 8.0 8.2 (2.6) 5.8 (6.1) 6.3
Other income (expense),
net..................... 0.9 0.7 0.5 (0.2) 1.0 0.6 (0.2) (1.0) (0.9) (0.7)
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income (loss) before
provision for (benefit
from) income taxes...... 7.4 9.1 10.5 12.2 9.0 8.8 (2.8) 4.8 (7.0) 5.6
Provision for (benefit
from) income taxes...... 2.4 3.6 4.2 4.9 3.6 3.8 (1.2) 1.8 (4.2) 2.3
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net income (loss)......... 5.0% 5.5% 6.3% 7.3% 5.4% 5.0% (1.6)% 3.0% (2.8)% 3.3%
======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
</TABLE>
26
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Historically, we have experienced seasonal fluctuations in our net sales.
OEM customers that purchase our products for incorporation into retail products
typically increase their purchases during the year-end holiday period and phase
out old programs early in the year following holiday sales. As a result, net
sales typically peak in the fourth quarter and reach a seasonal low point in the
first quarter.
There is significant pricing pressure in higher volume programs in the
wireless communications and office automation industries. In addition,
high-volume programs that generally have lower gross margins began to represent
a larger percentage of net sales in the second half of 1998, thereby reducing
gross margin. In the third quarter of 1998, we also started several new programs
and incurred substantial start-up costs on those new programs. In the first
quarter of 1999, we had an unfavorable product mix, shipping principally lower
margin products. In addition, reduced manufacturing yields and under-absorption
of fixed overhead contributed to lower margins.
We started new manufacturing operations in Beijing in 1998. Our gross
margins in the second and third quarters of 1998 were adversely affected by
start-up costs associated with these operations, which were incurred in advance
of the receipt of significant sales.
In 1998, we continued to expand and intensify our research and development
efforts on proprietary display products, such as LCoS microdisplays, as well as
ongoing LCD manufacturing process improvements, including increased use of the
LCD manufacturing line at our Arizona facility. Research and technology expense
declined in the third quarter of 1998 as process developments on the LCD line
subsided and third-party expenditures were postponed. Other expense increased in
the last half of 1998 as our cash balances declined and we increased our
borrowings.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
At June 30, 1999, we had cash and cash equivalents of $5.8 million compared
to cash and cash equivalents of $4.9 million at December 31, 1998 and $16.4
million at December 31, 1997.
During the first six months of 1999, we had $827,000 in net cash flow from
operations compared to $2.0 million in net cash outflow from operations during
the first six months of 1998. Cash flow from operations improved primarily as a
result of a smaller increase in inventories during the six months ended June 30,
1999 than during the comparable 1998 period, although this improvement was
offset by a greater increase in accounts receivable, primarily as a result of
increased sales. In addition, one of our major customers has lengthened the
payment terms to all of its vendors, including us. We anticipate that accounts
receivable will continue to increase during the balance of 1999 if net sales
increase, but we expect that inventory balances will level out as we strive to
increase inventory turns.
We had $62,000 in net cash outflow from operations during 1998 compared to
positive cash flow of $6.8 million during 1997. The decrease in cash flow from
operations was primarily due to a decrease in net income, a decrease in the
provision for inventory valuation reserves, an increase in other assets, and a
smaller increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities than in 1997. The
increase in accounts receivable occurred primarily as a result of increased
sales activity in 1998, and the increase in inventory occurred primarily as a
result of a build-up for anticipated sales in 1999. Depreciation expense was
$4.7 million in 1998 compared to $4.1 million in 1997. This increase was
primarily a result of an increased number of starts on the LCD manufacturing
line in Arizona. The high-volume LCD line is depreciated on a units of
production method based on units started.
Our working capital was $22.0 million at June 30, 1999, down from $24.8
million at December 31, 1998 and $29.1 million at December 31, 1997. Our current
ratio at June 30, 1999 was 1.8-to-1 compared to 2.5-to-1 at December 31, 1998
and 3.1-to-1 at December 31, 1997. The reduction in our working capital and
current ratio occurred primarily because of our substantial investments in fixed
assets in Beijing, including our new facility. Including our cash, cash
equivalents, and available credit facilities, we had approximately $15.8 million
in readily available funds at June 30, 1999 compared to $21.9 million at
December 31, 1998.
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In November 1998, we entered into a new $25.0 million secured credit
facility with Imperial Bank and the National Bank of Canada. The credit facility
consists of a $15.0 million revolving line of credit that matures in 2000, which
is available for general corporate purposes, and a $10.0 million term loan
facility that matures in 2004, which provides available funds to repurchase our
common stock. At June 30, 1999, $8.1 million of borrowings were outstanding
under the term loan facility as a result of our purchase of almost one million
shares of our own common stock. Advances under the facilities may be made as
prime rate advances, which accrue interest payable monthly at the bank's prime
lending rate, or as LIBOR rate advances, which bear interest at 175 basis points
in excess of the LIBOR base rate for the general facility and 237.5 basis points
in excess of the LIBOR base rate for the repurchase facility. All outstanding
borrowings are prime rate advances.
Capital expenditures during the first half of 1999 were approximately $5.1
million compared to $4.9 million during the first half of 1998. Capital
expenditures for the first half of 1999 consisted primarily of $3.8 million for
equipment and construction costs relating to our manufacturing facility in
Beijing and $1.3 million for manufacturing and office equipment for our
operations in Manila and Arizona. We anticipate the initial facilities and
capital cost for our operations in Beijing to be approximately $10.0 to $12.0
million. We expect to incur additional capital costs as we add additional
manufacturing lines in Beijing. To date, we have expended approximately $9.1
million in Beijing for manufacturing, equipment, building construction, and land
costs.
Capital expenditures during 1998 were approximately $8.1 million compared
to $3.0 million during 1997. Capital expenditures for 1998 consisted primarily
of manufacturing and office equipment for our operations in Manila and Arizona
and laboratory equipment for research and development. In addition, we spent
$5.3 million for equipment and construction in 1998 related to our Beijing
operations.
In July 1999, we purchased certain assets and licensed silicon technologies
from National Semiconductor relating to LCoS microdisplays for approximately
$3.0 million in cash and warrants to purchase 70,000 shares of our common stock.
Substantially all of the purchase price will be allocated to depreciable assets,
tooling and mask rights, and amortizable licenses.
We believe that our existing balances of cash and cash equivalents,
anticipated cash flows from operations, the proceeds of this offering, and
available and anticipated credit lines will provide adequate sources to fund our
operations and planned expenditures through 2000. We may have to expand our loan
commitments or pursue alternate methods of financing or raising capital,
however, should we encounter additional cash requirements. For example, accounts
receivable and inventory could rise faster than anticipated if revenue levels
increase more than currently anticipated. In addition, we will continue to seek
other alliances or acquisitions and additional relationships with regard to the
strategic development of various new technologies, especially LCoS
microdisplays, that may also require us to make additional capital investments.
We cannot provide assurance that adequate additional loan commitments or
alternative methods of financing will be available or, if available, that they
will be on terms acceptable to us.
EFFECTS OF INFLATION AND FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE FLUCTUATIONS
The results of our operations for the periods discussed have not been
significantly affected by inflation or foreign currency fluctuations. We
generally sell our products and services and negotiate purchase orders with our
foreign suppliers in U.S. dollars. The sub-assembly agreement relating to our
operations in Manila, however, is based on a fixed conversion rate, exposing us
to exchange rate fluctuations with the Philippine peso. We have not incurred any
material exchange gains or losses to date. There has been some minor benefit as
a result of the peso devaluation, although we are now required to pay
approximately one-third of any peso devaluation gain to our lessor and direct
labor subcontractor in Manila.
We commenced operations in Beijing in 1998. Although the Chinese currency
currently is stable, its value in relation to the U.S. dollar is determined by
the Chinese government. There is general speculation
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that China may devalue its currency in response to recent devaluations by
several Asian countries as a result of East Asia's economic crisis. Devaluation
of the Chinese currency could result in translation adjustments to our balance
sheet as well as reportable losses depending on our monetary balances and
outstanding indebtedness at the time of devaluation. The government of China
historically has made it difficult to convert its local currency into foreign
currencies. Although we from time to time may enter into hedging transactions in
order to minimize our exposure to currency rate fluctuations, the Chinese
currency is not freely traded and thus is difficult to hedge. In addition, the
government of China has recently imposed restrictions on Chinese currency loans
to foreign-operated entities in China. Based on the foregoing, there can be no
assurance that fluctuations and currency exchange rates in the future will not
have an adverse effect on our operations.
YEAR 2000 COMPLIANCE DISCLOSURE
Many existing computer programs and databases use only two digits to
identify a year in the date field. For example, 99 would represent 1999. These
programs and databases were designed and developed without considering the
impact of the upcoming millennium. Consequently, date sensitive computer
programs may interpret the date "00" as 1900 rather than 2000. If not corrected,
many computer systems could fail or create erroneous results in 2000.
Our state of readiness
We have completed an assessment of all of our internal and external systems
and processes with respect to the year 2000 issue. In response to this
assessment, we have created a multi-functional year 2000 task force to resolve
any non-compliant year 2000 systems or processes. This group is currently on
schedule to complete this task during the third quarter of 1999. We plan to
continuously test all of our internal and external systems and processes,
including the associated year 2000 fixes, for year 2000 compliance during 1999.
As part of this process, we have assessed the potential impact of year 2000
failures from vendors and other companies upon our business and currently are
taking steps to minimize that risk. Based on our current state of readiness and
the actions we are currently taking, including installing backup processes and
systems, we do not believe that the year 2000 problem will have a material
adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity, or operations.
Our costs of year 2000 compliance
We estimate that our total costs of year 2000 compliance will be less than
$300,000. These costs include updating of computer software and hardware
manufacturing equipment, as well as employment and other out-of-pocket costs. To
date we have spent $224,000 for the upgrade and testing of our systems.
Risks of year 2000 issues
We procure a significant amount of raw materials used in our manufacturing
processes from foreign vendors. As a result, we may be at risk from foreign
companies and countries that are not taking adequate measures to ensure year
2000 compliance or that may not be at the same level of preparedness as
companies in the United States. For example, economic problems in Asia may
affect or divert resources with respect to the year 2000 issue. Failure of those
foreign countries and companies to be year 2000 compliant may cause material
shortages that could adversely impact our manufacturing operations. In addition,
we currently have significant manufacturing operations in Manila and Beijing. As
a result, we may be at risk with respect to suppliers of necessary resources,
such as power or water, that may not be year 2000 compliant. For example,
brownouts or blackouts may occur due to lack of year 2000 compliance. In
addition, some of our customers may experience catastrophic year 2000 failures,
including prolonged interruptions in factory production, in which case they may
have a reduced demand for our products.
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Our contingency plans
We are developing contingency plans with respect to significant year 2000
issues that are within our control. For example, we are in the process of
assessing and verifying the year 2000 compliance of our international and
domestic raw material vendors. Verification will be accomplished through the use
of written inquiries to suppliers, certifications, audits, and information
provided by suppliers on their websites. We intend to replace any vendors found
not to be year 2000 compliant with vendors that are year 2000 compliant. In the
construction of our new Beijing facility, we procured material, processes, and
equipment that are year 2000 compliant. We also are investigating the use of
stand-by generators for our plants in the event of local power failures. We are
investigating transferring our manufacturing processes to alternate
manufacturing facilities if external factors beyond our control relative to the
year 2000 issue occur and we cannot conduct manufacturing operations at any
particular facility.
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BUSINESS
INTRODUCTION
We design and manufacture display modules for use in the end products of
OEMs. We currently specialize in custom liquid crystal display, or LCD,
components and technology. We collaborate closely with our customers in
providing our design and manufacturing services. Our LCD modules are used in
cellular telephones and other wireless communication devices as well as in
office automation equipment, industrial controls, medical equipment, and
instrumentation. In addition to our traditional LCD module business, we are
pursuing the commercialization of our liquid crystal on silicon, or LCoS,
microdisplays following substantial research and development over the past two
years. We market our services in North America, Europe, and Asia through a
direct technical sales force. Motorola is our largest customer.
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
Liquid Crystal Displays
Prior to the introduction of LCDs in the 1970s, most commonly used displays
and indicators had substantial limitations as to their use, especially in terms
of size, life, and power consumption. LCDs were developed in response to these
limitations, especially the demand for greater information content and less
power consumption than was possible using light emitting diode, or LED,
technology. LCDs, sometimes called flat panel displays, provide high information
content displays at competitive prices. LCDs now appear in products throughout
the communications, office automation, industrial, medical, and commercial
electronics industries. LCDs are one of the fastest growing of the established
display industry segments, primarily because of their widespread application in
mobile communications devices, a fast-growing segment of the electronics
industry.
An LCD modifies light that passes through or is reflected by it, rather
than emitting light like an LED. An LCD generally consists of a layer of liquid
crystalline material suspended between two glass plates. The liquid crystals
align themselves in a predictable manner when stimulated electrically. The
alignment produces a visual representation of the desired information. LCDs can
display information in black and white or in a wide range of color combinations.
LCD displays consist of a matrix of dots, called pixels, which are arranged in
rows and columns that can be selectively energized to form letters or pictures.
A principal advantage of LCDs over other display technologies, such as LEDs, is
the ability to include thousands or even millions of pixels in a single display
allowing for greater information content.
There are two types of LCDs, active matrix and passive matrix. Active
matrix LCD displays are relatively complex devices that require manufacturing
operations involving very large capital investments. Active matrix LCD displays
are used in larger, high-information content applications, such as laptop
computers. Passive matrix LCD displays are less complex and less expensive to
manufacture. Passive matrix LCD displays are used in such applications as
cellular telephones, pagers, office equipment, data collection terminals, point
of sale equipment, medical devices, transportation instrumentation, and
industrial instruments and controls.
The Custom Passive LCD Market
Stanford Resources estimates that the worldwide market for passive LCD
display modules was approximately $2.8 billion in 1998. This market includes
displays used in cellular telephones and other wireless communication devices as
well as in office automation equipment, industrial controls, medical equipment,
and instrumentation, but excludes displays for use in low-end consumer products,
such as watches and calculators, according to Stanford Resources. Of the $2.8
billion market, $1.4 billion represented LCD displays used in cellular telephone
applications. Cellular telephones are the largest and fastest growing market for
LCD modules. According to Dataquest, an estimated 142 million cellular
telephones were sold worldwide in 1998, an increase of 31.2% from the 108
million units sold in 1997. Additional fast growing markets for LCD display
modules include pagers, personal digital assistants, or PDAs, and palm top
computers.
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The increasing complexity and functionality of handheld products, such as
wireless computing devices, require OEMs to increase the visual performance and
information content of the displays incorporated into their products. At the
same time, the market continues to demand that OEMs incorporate displays with
reduced power requirements and lower costs. Custom passive LCDs address these
requirements for high performance, increased information content, low power, and
low cost.
OEMs also seek ways to differentiate their products from the products of
their competitors. Custom-designed display modules provide OEMs a cost-effective
means to achieve this differentiation. In designing its product, an OEM must
determine whether to use standard "off-the-shelf" display modules, to design its
own custom display modules for production by a custom display manufacturer, or
to enter into arrangements with a third party for custom display design and
production. In making a decision to engage third parties for custom design and
production, OEMs recognize that standard "off-the-shelf" displays make it more
difficult to differentiate their products from those of their competitors. In
considering whether to design their own display modules, OEMs often recognize
that their greatest strengths consist of consumer brand name recognition, market
research and product development expertise, and highly developed sales and
distribution channels. Advanced design and manufacturing processes require
increasing investments for research and development, personnel, and equipment.
Competitive market conditions require a shorter period of time from product
conception to delivery, product differentiation, improved product user
friendliness, and continually enhanced product performance and reduced product
cost during the life cycle of the product. As a result of these factors and
increasingly sophisticated and complex technology, it has become more difficult
for even the leading OEMs to maintain the necessary technology, expertise,
personnel, and equipment to design and produce internally all of the various
components necessary for their products. As a result, there has been a trend
toward outsourcing the design and production of components such as display
modules.
In addition to design and production, OEMs have increased their use of
third-party suppliers to add additional components to their products. This
permits the integration of more of the manufacturing steps into fewer locations.
This trend toward integration and outsourcing decreases the number of suppliers
necessary to produce a final product and results in lower costs.
The Emerging Microdisplay Market
Market trends demand high-information, power-efficient displays with
increasing functionality and smaller sizes at relatively low costs.
Microdisplays based on liquid crystal on silicon technology provide a response
to those demands.
Liquid crystal on silicon microdisplays are a form of LCD in which liquid
crystalline material is suspended between a glass plate and a silicon backplane
rather than between two glass plates. The silicon backplane, essentially an
integrated circuit, provides drive signals for each pixel element of the display
as well as logic functions, such as serial to parallel conversion and data
storage. Because silicon integrated circuits, a highly developed technology,
form the basis of these displays, liquid crystal on silicon technology permits a
very high-information, high-performance display in a small size and at a
relatively low cost.
Microdisplays are no larger than a thumbnail, but contain all of the
information appearing on a high-resolution personal computer screen. The tiny
image on a microdisplay can be projected onto a screen or other surface for
individual or group viewing or used in a portable application that is viewed
through a magnifying device similar to a viewfinder. Various types of projector
applications represent the most common current use of microdisplays. Projectors
can cast the information on a distant large screen, as in front projectors, or
shine the image through a translucent screen, as in rear projectors. Potential
near-term microdisplay applications include use in office projection equipment,
high-definition televisions, and computer monitors. Potential longer-term
applications include use in wireless access to the Internet through cellular
telephones, pagers, and PDAs as well as in wearable computing equipment using
head-mounted displays, which allow hands-free access to large amounts of
information.
A well-developed front projector market currently exists. These products
are typically referred to as audio-visual projectors and are generally fixed or
portable products used in business applications. Most
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front projectors currently use transmissive polysilicon microdisplay technology.
Reflective liquid crystal on silicon technology, however, is expected to provide
more information at a lower cost.
Emerging market segments are beginning to develop for large,
cost-effective, higher-resolution computer monitors and television screens.
Current display technologies for computer monitors and high-definition
televisions encounter serious barriers related to cost, resolution, and
dimensions when used for high-resolution large screens. Many companies are
considering the incorporation of microdisplays into large, high-resolution
screens to enable affordable display solutions.
Significant development efforts are currently being directed to portable
microdisplays as a potential method for delivering high-information content at
low cost and with low power consumption in mobile, hand-held communications
devices. It is widely assumed that converged voice and data communications
devices have the potential to become a new class of products in mobile
communications, probably integrated with PDA functions, such as phonebooks and
calendars. In concept, the functions of the telephone, e-mail, pagers, PDAs, and
the Internet are expected to become integrated. Delivery of high-information
content over the Internet on a small, direct-view display, however, presents
difficult technological challenges. Portable microdisplays used with a
viewfinder offer a potential solution because they can deliver as much
information as a computer monitor in a very small, lightweight, and power-
efficient package.
The portable microdisplay market is just beginning to develop. Market
potential currently is uncertain and is limited by such factors as the
availability of sufficient wireless communications bandwidth, the uncertainty of
customer acceptance, and the possibility of alternative technologies.
Nevertheless, many major vendors of cellular telephones, pagers, and PDAs have
prototype programs underway to define new converged mobile communications
products with large information content at low cost, and many of these vendors
are beginning to assess portable microdisplays for use in these products.
THE THREE-FIVE APPROACH
We seek to provide our customers with high-performance, information-rich,
low-power consumption displays that have competitive advantages in terms of
size, cost, and product differentiation. To accomplish this goal, our research
and development activities focus on technological developments intended to meet
the current and future requirements of our customers. We add value for our
customers through our ability to integrate the design and production process,
which reduces the time between product conception and market introduction. Our
emphasis on customization and technological leadership has positioned us to
develop new custom product solutions for our customers as they seek displays
with more information content at lower cost.
Our custom product solutions provide OEMs with the following benefits:
- access to specialized design and manufacturing technology and expertise;
- accelerated design process and reduced design and manufacturing costs
through the use of our specialized personnel, equipment, and facilities;
- reduced reliance on multiple suppliers for components and integration of
their production processes; and
- the ability to concentrate their own resources on the design, production,
and distribution of their core products.
By eliminating the duplication and overlap of investment and resources, we
and our OEM customers are able to work together and grow at a faster rate than
would otherwise be possible. We concentrate on the development of our display
technologies and their applications to products, while our customers devote time
and resources on market development for these products.
Our historical target market consists of high-end monochrome passive LCD
display modules of 1/4 VGA (320 x 240 pixels) or less resolution, primarily
those having smaller than three-inch diagonal screen
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sizes. We do not address low-end LCD display markets, such as watches and
calculators. Our target market for LCoS microdisplays consists of displays of
SVGA (800 x 600 pixels) or higher resolution.
STRATEGY
Our strategy is to enhance our position as a major, worldwide supplier of
custom-designed and manufactured displays for application in various high-growth
segments of the electronics industry. Key elements of our strategy include the
following:
Target Leading Customers in High-Growth Industries
We identify industries that we believe have the greatest long-term
potential for growth. We recognize that our growth and development is closely
aligned with the growth and development of the industries we serve. Current
targeted industries include cellular telephones and other wireless
communications, data collection, office automation, medical equipment, and
industrial controls.
Within an industry, we target leading companies that we believe would
benefit from our design and manufacturing services. Targeted customers typically
are Fortune 1000 manufacturing companies whose products require display devices.
Our sales and engineering staffs then attempt to demonstrate the benefits that
the potential customer would derive by outsourcing to us the design and
production of display devices required in their products.
Once we establish a relationship with a new customer, we endeavor to
develop new programs for other product groups within the customer's business.
For this reason, we specifically target customers with multiple divisions or
product lines.
Expand Customer Base
We intend to intensify our efforts to diversify our customer base. We also
plan to target specialized markets that have substantial volume requirements. We
will continue to seek opportunities in growing and emerging markets, both in the
United States and internationally.
Establish Close Relationships with Customers
We seek to establish strong and long-lasting customer relationships through
our fundamental business practice, which we refer to as "customer partnering."
Customer partnering involves aligning our prospects with those of our customers
and seeking to make our engineering and production staffs seamless extensions of
the product design and production departments of our customers. This includes
our engineers spending a significant portion of their time assisting customers
with their own research and development efforts at their facilities. In
addition, our customers' engineers spend a significant amount of time conducting
research and development in our facilities.
We stress product solutions for our customers' products. We view each
customer's new product as our own, and take pride in creating and implementing
innovative engineering solutions that differentiate the customer's product from
competitive products. In connection with this philosophy, we have positioned
ourselves to provide a rapid response to our customers and their worldwide
operations.
To achieve our customer partnering goal, we emphasize corporate cultures,
customs, and communications that complement those of our customers. A thorough
understanding of our customers' products and business goals enables us to
anticipate customer needs and to develop new design and production solutions for
their products.
We continually attempt to enhance the competitive position of our customers
by providing them with innovative, distinctive, and high-quality display devices
on a timely and cost-effective basis. To do so, we work continually to improve
our productivity, lower our costs, and speed the delivery of our product
solutions. We endeavor to streamline the entire design through delivery process
by maintaining an ongoing engineering and manufacturing improvement effort.
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We continue to provide customer support after product design has been
completed and production has been commenced. Through such follow-on activity, we
conduct quality enhancement and cost-reduction efforts to maintain the
competitiveness of our customers' products.
Provide Advanced Custom Design and Manufacturing Services
We seek to design, prototype, and manufacture, on a timely and
cost-effective basis, a wide range of innovative, distinctive, and high-quality
display devices for operational control and information display functions
required in the end products of OEMs. Our design processes utilize advanced
computer-aided design software to provide custom solutions for customers'
products in time frames and on cost bases that we believe are substantially
shorter and lower priced than industry norms.
We utilize flexible manufacturing systems that can accommodate low-volume
product runs in Arizona and high-volume, price-sensitive runs in Manila and
Beijing. Our LCD facility in Arizona allows us to supply a majority of our LCD
requirements. Production in Manila and Beijing, with advanced, efficient, and
highly automated manufacturing processes utilizing state-of-the-art
manufacturing and test equipment provides us with low-cost, high-volume
production capacity. We anticipate that our ability to design, prototype, and
manufacture product solutions will be enhanced by the expansion of our
engineering personnel, our increased design capacity, and our ability to meet
our LCD requirements. We continue to increase our production personnel and add
sophisticated manufacturing equipment to meet expanding capacity requirements.
We will continue to explore the most advanced and cost-efficient production
methods for each product solution.
Leverage Research and Technology
We continually strive to develop and acquire new technologies that provide
practical solutions for our customers. We conduct an active research and
development program that
- continually improves our products and creates new products,
- increases our efficiency,
- reduces our costs,
- improves the speed, efficiency, and performance of our design and
manufacturing processes,
- develops new design and manufacturing processes and techniques,
- enhances the quality, cost-effectiveness, and value of our services, and
- utilizes new technological developments.
We plan to expand our research and development efforts through increased
expenditures and the hiring of additional personnel to meet the expectations of
our customers and to satisfy our goal to design and produce the most advanced
product solutions on a timely and cost-effective basis. We currently are
exploring the development and expansion of existing LCD technologies as well as
new technologies, such as active addressing, sunlight readable LCDs, color LCDs,
plastic LCDs, bi-stable LCDs, graphics and color graphics, organic and polymer
light emitting displays, and pixel-related display technologies. New
technologies also include our LCoS microdisplays, which address the increased
demands for high-information displays in a small size and at a relatively low
cost.
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
We currently engage in the design and manufacture of LCD display modules
and the development and commercialization of manufacturing technologies for use
in various products of OEMs.
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LCD Display Modules and Services
We currently emphasize custom designed LCD display modules. A manufacturer
of a complete system or product requiring a specific type of visual display,
such as a cellular telephone, medical instrument, business machine, or hand-held
data collection device, represents a typical buyer for a custom LCD display
module. For each custom display module, we work directly with our customer to
develop and produce the original design and to manufacture the display module in
accordance with the customer's specifications. At a minimum, each module
includes an LCD, a custom LCD driver, and a flexible connector. We also provide
value-added services by assembling additional components onto the module, such
as key pads, plastics, speakers, light guides, and optics. LCD custom display
modules currently account for approximately 95.0% of our net sales.
We have developed a sophisticated design process to meet the specific needs
of our customers' applications. Each design project normally involves a
cross-functional team of our engineers who are assigned to a customer program.
The team consults with the customer's engineers throughout the design, prototype
development, and manufacturing process. We continue to supply value-added
engineering support after the design solution has been developed and integrated
into the manufacturing process in an ongoing effort to provide customers with
product performance enhancements and cost-reduction opportunities.
The difficulties in developing a custom LCD module include unclear customer
expectations, evolving customer requirements, and changing customer end-product
specifications. These factors result in lengthy lead times for market
introduction of customers' products. To overcome the traditional obstacles
involved in custom design and development, we have developed a four phase
program development process: the feasibility and concept phase, the prototype
phase, the pilot phase, and the high-volume production phase. We combine our
program development process with our philosophy of being a "seamless extension
of our customer." This results in a very flexible, responsive, accurate, and
fast development cycle that enables our customers to introduce their products
into the market rapidly. Our design and development process includes the
following phases:
- Feasibility and concept phase. We work closely with our customer to
understand its requirements. Customer input varies from rough sketches to
detailed specifications. Experienced LCD module design engineers work to
develop conceptual solutions to customer requirements that include both
design and cost parameters.
- Prototype phase. We conduct a design review with the customer; complete
at our Arizona facility a proposed design, including the electrical,
mechanical, and optical features of the LCD display module; and deliver a
prototype to the customer.
- Pilot phase. We perform a thorough design review with our customer,
involving an analysis of performance, cost, and volume production
considerations. A successful pilot phase results in the completion of any
design changes, the ordering of the tooling required for production, and
the delivery of manufacturing samples. We generally conduct the pilot
phase primarily in Manila.
- High-volume production phase. We complete any required changes in the
manufacturing process, receive necessary tooling, and commence
high-volume production. The production takes place either in Manila or
Beijing.
We also design and produce standard or "off-the-shelf" devices, which
involve designs that are adaptable to various uses without modification or with
slight modifications. Standard devices encompass a wide variety of display
devices having varied applications. Standard display devices include solid state
lamps, multi-digit numerical displays, integrated displays, and bar graph
displays. In 1998 and the first six months of 1999, our standard devices
accounted for less than 5.0% of our net sales and consisted of non-LCD devices.
In the latter half of 1999, however, we plan to introduce new standard products
that will incorporate some of our new LCD display technologies.
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New Proprietary LCDs
We are pursuing two new technology initiatives for our LCD module business.
First, we have patented a new type of sunlight readable LCD display that we call
Liquid Crystal intense Display, or LCiD. This lower information content device
provides a multi-colored, emissive-looking display at passive LCD prices. We
also have created a higher information content display with numerous gray shades
but at the price of a more typical LCD. This new product is called Liquid
Crystal active Drive, or LCaD. This technology is based, in part, on technology
we license from Motif, Inc. and additional proprietary technology that we have
developed.
LCiD display devices include a display from as little as one line by five
character dot matrix to as large as four line by 20 character dot matrix, all
available in a variety of colors. While we have not begun shipping these devices
in volume, we expect that LCiD displays will be used primarily in lower
information content applications requiring high contrast, desired color, and
ease of readability from full sunlight to complete darkness. Typical
applications for standard LCiD display devices include automotive
instrumentation, appliances, hand-held instrumentation devices, vending
equipment, stereo equipment, embedded computing equipment, remote sensing
equipment, outdoor monitor equipment, and industrial controls.
LCaD display devices will include a variety of backlit 1/4 VGA (320 x 240
pixels), 16 gray shade capable display systems. The LCaD display will consist of
a complete display system incorporating an LCD panel, lighting, memory, an LCD
controller, and interface electronics. While we have not begun shipping these
devices in volume, typical applications for the LCaD display include medical and
industrial instrumentation, test equipment, point-of-sale terminals, mapping and
hand-held global positioning system devices, stereo equipment, and embedded
computing equipment.
LCoS Microdisplays.
The display market demands continually greater information content at
reduced prices. In response to these demands, we are pursuing the
commercialization of our liquid crystal on silicon, or LCoS, microdisplays
following two years of extensive research and development activities. Our LCoS
technology provides very high-information content in a small size and at an
expected relatively low cost. The information presented by these displays is
magnified for view, generally either in a projector or in a viewfinder. We
believe that the inherent capability of our LCoS technology provides a
cost-effective solution to increased information demands.
Our current plan for the development of our LCoS microdisplay business is
to respond in an efficient manner to industry developments and changes, to
develop a dedicated organization infrastructure, and to develop or lead the
market to a common LCoS module platform. To meet our business objective of
becoming the leading supplier of microdisplay visual systems, we must rapidly
commercialize LCoS microdisplay technology on a cost-effective basis. This
requires us to focus on a common LCoS module platform that provides economies of
scale, rapid time to market, and broad market penetration. Specifically, our
strategy calls for a business preparation phase and a business growth phase. We
are currently in the preparation phase in which we are emphasizing research,
development, and licensing opportunities to expand our technology portfolio,
design engineering of LCoS products for a significant number of OEMs, and
management to establish an organization infrastructure. The business growth
phase calls for resources to be deployed primarily in high-volume manufacturing,
marketing, sales, and business development.
We are developing a broad range of LCoS microdisplay products to offer
customers. The table below sets forth various resolutions with pixel count, or
the number of color dots on a screen, and potential uses
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<PAGE> 42
for our LCoS microdisplays. We currently have available LCoS solutions, which we
have prototyped for customer evaluation, with the capability to produce all of
the following resolutions:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
RESOLUTION PIXELS
---------- ------ APPLICATIONS
<S> <C> <C> <C>
SVGA (digital) 800 x 600 Hand-held, lower power devices like PDAs or cellular
phones
SVGA (analog) 800 x 600 Full color, medium power applications, like head mounted
displays or wearable computers
XGA (digital) 1024 x 768 Portable audio-visual projectors
SXGA (analog) 1280 x 1024 Portable audio-visual projectors, monitors
HDTV (analog) 1920 x 1080 High definition television
</TABLE>
We believe that the initial markets for our LCoS microdisplay products will
be in front projectors, monitors, and high-definition television sets.
Currently, the front projector, rear projection, and high-definition television
markets are being served by active matrix polysilicon microdisplays and DMD
microdisplays. Polysilicon microdisplays are manufactured by several large
Japanese companies. These products are incapable of producing cost-effective
resolutions above XGA without the further expense of adding special optics and
are generally more expensive than anticipated for LCoS microdisplays. DMD
microdisplays are a proprietary product of Texas Instruments. Although DMDs have
no inherent resolution limitations, they are relatively expensive to
manufacture. The expected relatively low cost for LCoS microdisplays makes them
more suitable for competitive consumer marketplaces, such as portable business
projectors, monitors, and high-definition televisions. Currently, we are working
with several multinational OEMs that are interested in introducing products,
such as monitors and portable business projectors, in the year 2000.
We believe another market for LCoS microdisplay products will be converged
wireless products requiring high-information content displays for e-mail and
access to the Internet. Use of an LCoS microdisplay in a viewfinder application
would enable a person to carry a portable device capable of delivering the same
SVGA resolution as on the person's desktop or laptop computer. This has the
potential to allow portable access to the Internet and critical information,
such as calendars, maps, email, and documentation in a handheld product. The
high resolution of the device would avoid scrolling or time-consuming text
conversions in accessing the World Wide Web for needed information.
We plan to offer a range of LCoS product solutions with different levels of
integration from individual light valves to fully integrated displays. By
adopting a modular approach to configuring and selling our LCoS microdisplays,
we will have the opportunity to price our products on a value-added basis and to
rapidly introduce new LCoS products. We will have undertaken extensive
development efforts before the first sale of LCoS products, and we expect to
incur substantial losses in the microdisplay business until the volume
production of LCoS microdisplays. We currently expect volume production to
commence in 2000.
SALES AND MARKETING
We approach sales and marketing on three levels: engineer to engineer,
salesperson to procurement, and factory to factory. Our approach is to treat an
existing program as a marketing platform for the next program. Our engineering,
marketing, and sales groups provide ongoing services to our customers throughout
the life of product programs. These services include implementing continuous
improvement tools related to both the product's cost and technical performance.
This service function allows us to market future sales within our customer base.
We market our services primarily in North America, Asia, and Europe through
a direct technical sales force. A staff of in-house, Arizona-based engineering
personnel directs and aids all sales personnel. We have North American direct
sales personnel in Arizona, California, Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts, and
North Carolina.
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Our sales to customers in Europe represented approximately 35.2% of net
sales in 1998 and approximately 45.0% of net sales in the first half of 1999. In
addition to a direct technical sales force, we distribute products in Europe
through a network of distributors, augmented in some regions by marketing
representatives. This network receives support from the marketing, customer
service, and support staff employed by our subsidiary, Three-Five Systems
Limited, located in Swindon, England.
Our sales to customers in Asia represented approximately 7.0% of net sales
in 1998 and approximately 23.0% of net sales in the first half of 1999. We have
added several direct technical sales and marketing persons in Asia and have also
trained Chinese application engineers to provide design input for our customers
in Asia.
CUSTOMERS
Our strategy involves concentrating our efforts on providing design and
production services to leading companies in five primary industries: cellular
telephones and other wireless communications, data collection, office
automation, medical equipment, and industrial controls. As a result, we
generally derive our net sales from services provided to a limited number of
customers.
Our largest customer is Motorola. Sales to Motorola accounted for
approximately 80.8% of our net sales in the first six months of 1999 and 63.6%
of our net sales in 1998. Sales to Motorola currently are made through seven
buyers operating in seven separate plants. We currently design and manufacture
display modules used in approximately 12 families of product programs for
Motorola. During the first six months of 1999, the five largest of these product
programs accounted for a total of 73.7% of our net sales, with the largest
program accounting for 31.9% of our net sales. During 1998, the five largest of
these product programs accounted for a total of 46.0% of our net sales, with the
largest program accounting for 14.6% of our net sales. Throughout this period,
substantially all of our net sales to Motorola have been for cellular telephone
applications. Motorola has an LCD module allocation process in which it
designates key LCD module vendors, including us, and communicates to each vendor
the anticipated annual range of purchases. Although the allocation process does
not provide a guarantee of business to us, it provides an indication that
purchases by Motorola during 1999 could exceed 1998 levels. See "Risk
Factors--Motorola accounts for a significant portion of our sales."
Hewlett-Packard Company was our second-largest customer in 1998. Sales to
Hewlett-Packard accounted for less than 10.0% of our net sales in 1998 and the
first six months of 1999. As the display modules we manufacture for
Hewlett-Packard moved into second generation versions in 1998, the selling price
of some of those modules was greatly reduced. In addition, the number of LCD
display modules required by Hewlett-Packard was also greatly reduced as
Hewlett-Packard moved to less expensive front panel devices in an extremely
competitive market for its products. Consequently, the percentage of our net
sales attributable to Hewlett-Packard declined substantially in 1998 over 1997.
BACKLOG
As of June 30, 1999, we had a backlog of orders of approximately $61.2
million. The backlog of orders as of December 31, 1998 was approximately $23.3
million. Our backlog consists of product orders for which confirmed purchase
orders have been received and which are scheduled for shipment within 12 months.
Most orders are subject to rescheduling or cancellation by the customer with
limited penalties. Because of the possibility of customer changes in delivery
schedules or cancellations and potential delays in product shipments, our
backlog as of a particular date may not be indicative of net sales for any
succeeding period.
MANUFACTURING SERVICES, FACILITIES, AND QUALITY CONTROL
Manufacturing Services
We have organized our manufacturing geographically to optimize the
combination of technology and labor factors. This organization enables us to
compete solely on the basis of cost, if necessary, with
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<PAGE> 44
suppliers of similar products and services throughout the world. Our advanced
manufacturing techniques include surface mount technologies, chip-on-board,
chip-on-flex, chip-on-glass, flip-chip, tape automated bonding, and
sophisticated testing systems throughout these processes.
We seek to increase our value to our customers by providing responsive,
flexible, total manufacturing services. To date, our manufacturing services have
been concentrated on the manufacture of LCDs and assembly of display modules
that we have designed. We provide extended manufacturing services beyond these
core services, however, if the customer requires them. Extended services may
include adding additional components, such as a keypad, microphone, card reader,
product housing, or non-display electronic sub-assembly, or the turnkey
manufacture of a complete assembly.
Manufacturing Facilities
We currently conduct manufacturing operations in Arizona; Manila, the
Philippines; and Beijing, China. The Arizona facility houses a Class 1000 "clean
room" and LCD fabrication and prototyping operation. We utilize this facility
primarily to conduct LCD research and development, to produce prototype and
pre-production runs of devices for customer approval, to conduct full production
runs of low-volume devices, and to develop advanced manufacturing processes that
can be applied in Manila and Beijing during full-scale production. In addition,
the facility has the largest fully automated LCD production capacity in North
America. This highly automated line enables us to eliminate substantially our
dependence on foreign suppliers of LCDs. Facility personnel include a team of
experts ranging from LCD research scientists to specialized engineers with
backgrounds in electronics, mechanics, chemistry, physics, and manufacturing. We
maintain a wide variety of state-of-the-art testing and quality control
equipment at the facility.
We conduct high-volume display module manufacturing in Manila and Beijing.
In Manila, we are a party to a sub-assembly agreement with Technology Electronic
Assembly and Management Pacific Corporation, or TEAM, under which TEAM supplies
direct manufacturing services at a facility that TEAM owns and that is located
on land TEAM leases from the Philippine government. We also are party to a lease
agreement with TEAM under which TEAM leases space to us with respect to the
manufacturing operations services that TEAM performs under the sub-assembly
agreement. At the leased facility, TEAM manufactures, assembles, and tests
devices that we design pursuant to procedures set forth in the sub-assembly
agreement in accordance with our specifications. In 1997, we entered into an
amendment to the sub-assembly agreement with TEAM, resulting in all indirect
manufacturing employees, consisting primarily of technicians, supervisors, and
engineers, becoming our employees. As a result, under the sub-assembly agreement
TEAM now only supplies the direct labor and certain incidental services required
to manufacture our products. We own the manufacturing, assembling, and testing
equipment, including automated die attach and wire bond equipment with automatic
pattern recognition features for die and wire placement for LED die, as well as
the processes and documentation that TEAM uses at the Manila facility. We pay
TEAM for the direct manufacturing personnel based upon a negotiated available
hourly rate. We employ all professional personnel, including an operations
manager, with a support staff consisting of manufacturing supervisors;
manufacturing, quality, and process engineers; and logistics and administrative
personnel at the Manila facility.
Our sub-assembly agreement and lease agreement with TEAM extend through
December 31, 2000, and each is renewable from year to year thereafter. The
sub-assembly agreement requires us to maintain minimum production levels. The
termination of the lease agreement or sub-assembly agreement or the inability of
TEAM to fulfill its requirements under the sub-assembly agreement would require
us to acquire additional manufacturing facilities or to contract for additional
manufacturing services. The Philippines has been subject to volcanic eruptions,
typhoons, and substantial civil disturbances, including attempted military coups
against the government. Although we have not experienced any material
interruption of operations to date, these circumstances could affect our ability
to obtain products pursuant to the sub-assembly agreement. The termination or
our inability to obtain products under the sub-assembly agreement, even for a
relatively short period, would have a material adverse effect on our operations
and profitability.
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We commenced manufacturing operations in Beijing during 1998. Our Beijing
facility is a high-volume display module manufacturing facility similar to our
current facility in Manila. We initially leased a facility in Beijing on a
temporary basis, and we commenced manufacturing at this facility in the third
quarter of 1998. We recently completed the construction of our permanent
facility in Beijing and are in the process of moving into that new facility. We
employ all direct and indirect manufacturing employees at the facility,
including technicians, supervisors, and engineers. We expect the initial cost of
equipping and constructing the Beijing facility to be $10.0 to $12.0 million.
Quality Control
We have an extensive quality control program and maintain at each of our
facilities quality systems and processes that meet or exceed the demanding
standards set by many leading OEMs in targeted industries. We base our quality
control program upon statistical process control, which advocates continual
quantitative measurements of crucial parameters and uses those measurements in a
closed-loop feedback system to control the manufacturing process. We perform
product life testing to help ensure long-term product reliability. We analyze
results of product life tests and take actions to refine the manufacturing
process or enhance the product design.
Increased global competition has led to increased customer expectations
with respect to price, delivery, and quality. Customers often evaluate price in
the quotation process and evaluate delivery and quality only after receiving the
product. Therefore, many customers preview a company's quality by viewing the
quality systems employed. We have received ISO 9002 certification of our Manila
manufacturing facility. ISO is a quality standard established by the
International Organization for Standardization, which attempts to ensure that
the processes used in development and production remain consistent. This is
accomplished through documentation maintenance, training, and management review
of the processes used. Although achieving an ISO 9002 certification does not
assure that we will obtain future business, it is a factor that enables our
customers to recognize that our production processes meet this established,
global standard of performance.
We recognize the need to maintain a strong reputation for quality as a
means of retaining existing customers and securing additional orders from them
as well as attracting new customers. We have implemented an aggressive program
to assure that each product solution possesses the highest possible quality and
reliability and that our entire organization is dedicated to quality. We have
adopted a number of automated quality control methods to improve our
manufacturing techniques in order to ensure reliable product performance and to
reduce production variances and waste. These methods include statistical process
control techniques at all phases of the manufacturing process, which allow us to
measure performance and the impact of quality control improvements.
COMPONENTS AND RAW MATERIALS
Components and raw materials constitute a substantial portion of product
costs. The principal components and raw materials we use in producing our
displays consist of LCD glass, application specific integrated circuits, or
ASICs, circuit boards, molded plastic parts, lead frames, and packaging
materials. Our procurement strategy is to secure alternative sources of supplies
for the majority of these materials. Many of these, however, must be obtained
from foreign suppliers, which subjects us to the risks inherent in obtaining
materials from foreign sources, including supply interruptions and currency
fluctuations. Our ability to produce a majority of our own LCD requirements in
our Arizona facility, however, has substantially reduced our dependence on
foreign suppliers. With one exception, our other suppliers generally are meeting
our requirements, and we believe our strategic supplier alliances have further
strengthened our relations with offshore suppliers. We have experienced material
shortages of ASICs in 1999, however, as a result of the increased worldwide
demand for cellular handsets. These shortages prevented us from shipping as much
as $3.0 million of our products in the first quarter of 1999. Similar shortages
in the future could have a material adverse effect on our business.
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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
We conduct an active and ongoing research, development, and engineering
program that focuses on advancing technology, developing improved design and
manufacturing processes, and improving the overall quality of the products and
services that we provide. Our goal is to provide our customers with new
solutions that address their needs. Research and development personnel
concentrate on LCD technology, especially on improving the performance of
current products and expanding the technology to serve new markets. We also
conduct research and development in manufacturing processes, including those
associated with efficient, high-volume production and electronic packaging.
With the availability of our high-volume LCD manufacturing line in Arizona,
we are focusing our research and development efforts on new display
technologies. We expect that these advanced display technologies will enable us
to provide our customers with differentiating products or products that provide
higher information content. These new technologies include active addressing,
sunlight readable LCDs, color LCDs, plastic LCDs, bi-stable LCDs, graphics and
color graphics, organic and polymer light emitting displays, and pixel-related
display technologies. These products may be available for use in custom devices
or in standard devices. We have undertaken a significant research and
development program and made substantial investments with respect to the
development of our LCoS microdisplays for potential use in projectors, monitors,
high-definition televisions and portable applications. We expect that the
majority of our available research and development personnel hours will be
dedicated to LCoS microdisplays in 1999.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
We rely on a variety of intellectual property methods including patents,
trade secrets, trademarks, confidentiality agreements, licensing agreements, and
other forms of contractual provisions to protect our intellectual property.
Although our existing core business does not depend on any intellectual property
protection, we are manufacturing more advanced display products in which there
are intellectual property issues. For example, our LCiD technology is patented.
We have also filed for patents on our LCaD technology and have signed a license
agreement with Motif to license the technology that forms the basis of LCaD. The
license applies to all Motif patents relating to its active addressing chips and
system. The term of the license extends from June 1997 until the expiration of
the Motif patents. We have applied for a patent on our LCaD technology and have
filed several patents relating to our LCoS microdisplay technology. We have also
applied for numerous other process and product patents, all related to display
technologies. There can be no assurance that any of these patents will be issued
to us.
We have also taken several steps to both protect and advance our LCoS
microdisplay technology.
- We filed several patents relating to our LCoS microdisplay technology.
These patents cover the areas of product design and manufacturing process
technology.
- In July 1999, we purchased the assets, including all production and test
equipment, specialized laboratory equipment, and supporting design
documentation and software, of the former Light Valve business unit of
National Semiconductor. We also hired several key scientists of that
business unit and acquired an exclusive, paid-up, royalty free license on
all of the patents and intellectual property related to that business
unit. This license covers all intellectual property relating to the
processing, packaging, and testing of light valves and the integrated
circuits necessary to manufacture and sell both light valves and light
engines.
COMPETITION
We believe that Hosiden, Hyundai, Optrex, PCI, Philips Components, Samsung,
Seiko-Epson, Seiko Instruments, and Sharp constitute the principal competitors
for our passive LCD devices. Most of these competitors are large companies that
have greater financial, technical, marketing, manufacturing, vertical
integration, and personnel resources than we do. Our sales, profitability, and
success depend substantially
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upon our ability to compete with other providers of display modules. We cannot
provide assurance that we will continue to be able to compete successfully with
these organizations.
We currently compete principally on the basis of the technical innovation,
engineering service, and performance of our display modules, including their
ease of use and reliability, as well as on their cost, timely design, and
manufacturing and delivery schedules. Our competitive position could be
adversely affected if one or more of our customers, particularly Motorola,
determines to design and manufacture their display modules internally or secures
them from other parties. Other large companies are currently pursuing
microdisplay solutions. Texas Instruments has developed a product that competes
with our LCoS technology, and IBM is producing a similar liquid crystal on
silicon display based on its own technology. Numerous other established and
start-up companies are also pursuing similar and related technologies that may
compete with our LCoS technology.
ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
Our operations create a small amount of hazardous waste, including various
epoxies, gases, inks, solvents, and other wastes. The amount of hazardous waste
we produce may increase in the future depending on changes in our operations.
The general issue of the disposal of hazardous waste has received increasing
focus from federal, state, local, and international governments and agencies and
has been subject to increasing regulation.
EMPLOYEES
As of June 30, 1999, we employed a total of 1,976 persons, of whom 1,064
were employed through third-party contracts. Of our direct employees, 181 were
full-time and seven were temporary employees at our principal U.S. facility in
Arizona and U.S. sales offices; 240 were employees at our manufacturing facility
in Manila; 475 were employees at our manufacturing facility in Beijing; and our
Three-Five Systems, Limited subsidiary in Swindon, England employed nine
individuals. We consider our relationship with our employees to be good, and
none of our employees currently are represented by a union in collective
bargaining with us.
TEAM provides the personnel engaged in the direct assembly of our devices
in Manila under the sub-assembly agreement between us and TEAM. As of June 30,
1999, 1,064 persons performed direct labor operations at the Manila facility
through the sub-assembly agreement with TEAM.
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MANAGEMENT
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND KEY EMPLOYEES
The following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors,
executive officers and key employees:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME AGE POSITION HELD
- ---- --- -------------
<S> <C> <C>
Jack L. Saltich................... 56 President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Jeffrey D. Buchanan............... 43 Executive Vice President--Finance, Administration, and
Legal; Chief Financial Officer; Secretary; Treasurer; and
Director
Carl E. Derrington................ 49 Vice President, Chief Manufacturing Officer
Robert T. Berube.................. 61 Principal Accounting Officer and Corporate Controller
Radu Andrei....................... 49 Vice President--Marketing
James F. Bowser................... 58 Vice President--New Business Development
Charles K. Rahrig................. 44 Vice President--Design Engineering
Dan J. Schott..................... 60 Vice President--Research and Development
Elizabeth A. Sharp................ 37 Vice President--Corporate Relations
David C. Malmberg(1)(2)........... 56 Chairman of the Board
Kenneth M. Julien(1)(2)........... 45 Director
Gary R. Long(1)(2)................ 67 Director
Thomas H. Werner(1)(2)............ 39 Director
</TABLE>
- -------------------------
(1) Member of the compensation committee
(2) Member of the audit committee
Jack L. Saltich has served as a director and the President and Chief
Executive Officer of our company since July 1999. Mr. Saltich served as Vice
President of Advanced Micro Devices from May 1993 until July 1999; as Executive
Vice President of Applied Micro Circuits Corp. from January 1991 until March
1993; and as Vice President of VLSI from July 1988 until January 1991. Mr.
Saltich held a variety of executive positions for Motorola from July 1971 until
June 1988. These positions included serving as an Engineering Manager from May
1974 until January 1980, an Operation Manager from January 1980 until May 1982,
a Vice President and Director of the Bipolar Technology Center from May 1982
until June 1986, and a Vice President and Director of the Advanced Product
Research and Development Laboratory from June 1986 until June 1988.
Jeffrey D. Buchanan has served as a director and Executive Vice
President--Finance, Administration, and Legal of our company since June 1998; as
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since June 1996; and as Secretary since
May 1996. Mr. Buchanan served as our Vice President--Finance, Administration,
and Legal from June 1996 until July 1998 and as our Vice President--Legal and
Administration from May 1996 to June 1996. Mr. Buchanan served from June 1986
until May 1996 as a business lawyer with O'Connor, Cavanagh, Anderson,
Killingsworth & Beshears, where his practice emphasized mergers and
acquisitions, joint ventures, and taxation. Mr. Buchanan was associated with the
international law firm of Davis Wright Tremaine from 1984 to 1986, and he was a
senior staff person at Deloitte & Touche from 1982 to 1984. Mr. Buchanan is a
member of the Arizona and Washington state bars and passed the certified public
accounting examination in 1983.
Carl E. Derrington has been our Chief Manufacturing Officer since May 1999.
Mr. Derrington joined our company in 1986 as a Director of Research and
Development. Since that time, Mr. Derrington has served as a Plant Manager from
January 1986 until September 1987, a Director of Engineering from September 1987
until August 1989, a Director of Manufacturing from August 1989 until April
1996, and a Director of Manufacturing Engineering from April 1996 until April
1999.
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Robert T. Berube has been our Principal Accounting Officer since July 1998
and has served as our Corporate Controller since July 1990. Mr. Berube served as
Chief Financial Officer of Electronic Research Associate, Inc., a manufacturing
company, from July 1977 until April 1990.
Radu Andrei has been our Vice President--Marketing since June 1998. Mr.
Andrei served as Research Director for Semico Research Arizona, a semiconductor
market research firm, and Intechno Consulting Director--Basel,
Switzerland/Phoenix, Arizona, a market research firm, from January 1996 until
June 1998. His responsibilities included assessing the semiconductor market,
analyzing external market drivers, correlating the results of business core
competencies, resources and objectives, and devising a long-term plan. In 1994
and 1995, Mr. Andrei held the position of Manager, Strategic Marketing and
Systems Engineering (Director) for Motorola's SPS Division in Phoenix, Arizona.
James F. Bowser has been our Vice President--New Business Development since
June 1998. He has also served as our Vice President of Sales and Marketing, Vice
President of Operations, Director of Sales, and Senior Vice President of
Marketing and New Product Development at various times since August 1990. From
1985 until August 1990, Mr. Bowser worked for National Computer Systems, a
producer of hardware and software for the financial and educational market
sectors, as Vice President and General Manager, Financial Systems Division, and
as Vice President of Operations.
Charles K. Rahrig has been our Vice President--Design Engineering since
September 1998. He joined our company in July 1996 as our Director of Program
Management. From 1979 until 1996, Mr. Rahrig held a variety of technical and
management posts at Honeywell, Inc., including Engineering Section Head from
1988 until 1992 and Engineering Department Manager from 1992 until his departure
in 1996.
Dan J. Schott has been our Vice President--Research and Development since
July 1996. From January 1994 until July 1996, he served as our Vice President of
Technology. From 1988 to January 1994, Mr. Schott was an Associate Director with
Honeywell Inc., where his responsibilities included flat panel display research
and development. From 1981 until 1987, Mr. Schott held various engineering
management and program management positions with Sperry Rand Corp.
Elizabeth A. Sharp has been our Vice President--Corporate Relations since
April 1996. Ms. Sharp served as our Director of Human Resources from May 1992
until April 1996, as our Corporate Administrator from April 1988 until May 1992,
as our Personnel Manager from April 1987 until April 1988, and as our
Administrative Assistant to the President and Chief Financial Officer from May
1986 until April 1987.
David C. Malmberg has been a director of our company since April 1993 and
Chairman of the Board since April 1999. Mr. Malmberg is a private investor and
management consultant. Before resigning in May 1994, Mr. Malmberg spent 22 years
at National Computer Systems, including 13 years as its President and Chief
Operating Officer. Mr. Malmberg serves as the Chairman of the Board of National
City Bancorporation and is a member of the boards of directors of PPT/Vision,
Inc., and Fieldworks, Inc., all publicly held companies. He also serves on the
board of directors of Concerted Technology, Inc., and the Board of Trustees for
Mankato State University.
Kenneth M. Julien has been a director of our company since October 1996.
Mr. Julien has served as President and a director of Julien Aerospace Systems,
Inc., an aerospace parts supplier, since November 1996 and as Managing Director
of Julien Investments LLC, a real estate development and lending company, since
August 1994. Mr. Julien served as our Executive Vice President and Chief
Operating Officer from August 1992 to April 1993; as Vice President, Chief
Financial Officer, and Secretary of our company or one of our predecessors from
May 1988 to August 1992; and as a director of our company or one of its
predecessors from July 1987 to May 1990. Mr. Julien served as a Vice President
and Chief Financial Officer of Cerprobe Corporation, a publicly held company
engaged in the business of designing, manufacturing, and marketing semiconductor
test equipment, from October 1983 to May 1988. Mr. Julien also served as a
director of Cerprobe from February 1988 to June 1988.
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Gary R. Long has been a director of our company since October 1996. Mr.
Long served as President and Chief Executive Officer of CalComp Technology,
Inc., a computer peripherals company, from January 1994 until his retirement in
February 1997. Mr. Long served as Senior Vice President and General Manager of
CalComp's Digitizer Products Division in Scottsdale, Arizona, from 1980 to
January 1994. Prior to 1980, Mr. Long served as Vice President of Operations for
Talos Systems, which designed and manufactured digitizers for the computer
graphics industry.
Thomas H. Werner has been a director of our company since March 1999. Mr.
Werner has served as Vice President and General Manager for the LAN Connectivity
Division of 3Com Corporation since October 1998. From January 1996 until
September 1998, Mr. Werner was Vice President of the Manufacturing Personal
Communication Division of U.S. Robotics, which 3Com Corporation acquired in June
1997. Mr. Werner also served in various positions at Oak Frequency Control, a
manufacturer of telecommunications components, most recently as President of the
Networks Group, from February 1994 until January 1996.
Directors hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders or
until their successors have been elected and qualified. Officers serve at the
pleasure of the board of directors.
46
<PAGE> 51
PRINCIPAL AND SELLING STOCKHOLDERS
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the beneficial
ownership of our common stock on July 22, 1999 by (1) each of our directors and
executive officers, (2) all our directors and executive officers as a group, (3)
each person known by us to own more than 5% of our common stock, and (4) the
selling stockholder. Each of the principal and selling stockholders may be
reached through us at 1600 North Desert Drive, Tempe, Arizona 85281.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SHARES BENEFICIALLY
OWNED PRIOR TO SHARES BENEFICIALLY
OFFERING SHARES BEING OWNED AFTER OFFERING
---------------------- OFFERED FOR ----------------------
NAME OF BENEFICIAL OWNER NUMBER(1) PERCENT(2) SALE NUMBER(1) PERCENT(2)
- ------------------------------------------------- --------- ---------- ------------ --------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS:
Jack L. Saltich.................................. -- -- -- -- --
Jeffrey D. Buchanan(3)........................... 69,340 * -- 69,340 *
Carl E. Derrington(4)............................ 37,200 * -- 37,200 *
Dan J. Schott(5)................................. 36,000 * -- 36,000 *
Robert T. Berube(6).............................. 4,250 * -- 4,250 *
David C. Malmberg(7)............................. 28,173 * -- 28,173 *
Kenneth M. Julien(8)............................. 5,081 * -- 5,081 *
Gary R. Long(9).................................. 8,339 * -- 8,339 *
Thomas H. Werner(10)............................. 1,339 * -- 1,339 *
All directors and executive officers as a group
(nine persons)................................. 189,722 2.7% -- 189,722 %
SELLING STOCKHOLDER:
David R. Buchanan(11)............................ 874,118 12.4% %
</TABLE>
- ------------------
* Less than 1% of the outstanding shares of common stock
(1) Includes, when applicable, shares owned of record by the stockholder's
minor children and spouse and by other related individuals and entities
over whose shares of common stock such person has custody, voting control,
or power of disposition. Also includes shares of common stock that the
stockholder had the right to acquire within 60 days of July 22, 1999 by the
exercise of vested stock options.
(2) The percentages shown include the shares of common stock which the person
will have the right to acquire within 60 days of July 22, 1999. In
calculating the percentage of ownership, all shares of common stock which
the identified person will have the right to acquire within 60 days of July
22, 1999 upon the exercise of vested stock options are deemed to be
outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of shares of common
stock owned by such person, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the
purpose of computing the percentage of the shares of common stock owned by
any other person.
(3) Includes 41,250 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of vested
stock options.
(4) Includes 3,000 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of vested
stock options, and 200 shares of common stock held by Mr. Derrington as
custodian for his minor child.
(5) Includes 32,000 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of vested
stock options.
(6) Includes 2,250 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of vested
stock options.
(7) Includes 4,166 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of vested
stock options.
(8) Includes 1,874 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of vested
stock options.
(9) Includes 1,832 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of vested
stock options, and 5,000 shares of common stock held by the Long Revocable
Trust, Gary R. Long and Carol L. Long, Trustees.
(10) Includes 333 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of vested stock
options.
(11) Includes 50,000 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of vested
stock options. Mr. Buchanan served as Chairman of the Board from February
1990 until April 1999 and as President and Chief Executive Officer from
February 1990 until July 1998 and as interim President and Chief Executive
Officer from January 1999 until July 1999.
47
<PAGE> 52
UNDERWRITING
The underwriters named below, represented by Needham & Company, Inc., ING
Barings LLC, and J.C. Bradford & Co. (the Representatives), have severally
agreed, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Underwriting
Agreement, to purchase from us the number of shares of common stock indicated
below opposite their respective names at the public offering price less the
underwriting discount set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. The
Underwriting Agreement provides that the obligations of the underwriters to pay
for and accept delivery of such shares are subject to certain conditions
precedent, and that the underwriters are committed to purchase all of such
shares, if any are purchased.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
UNDERWRITERS NUMBER OF SHARES
- ------------ ----------------
<S> <C>
Needham & Company, Inc. ....................................
ING Barings LLC.............................................
J.C. Bradford & Co. ........................................
Total.............................................
</TABLE>
The Representatives have advised us that the underwriters initially propose
to offer the shares of common stock to the public on the terms set forth on the
cover page of this prospectus. The underwriters may allow to selected dealers a
concession of not more than $ per share, and the underwriters may allow, and
such dealers may reallow, a concession of not more than $ per share to
certain other dealers. After this offering, the offering price and other selling
terms may be changed by the Representatives. We estimate that the total offering
expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, will be
$ .
We have granted an option to the underwriters, exercisable during the
30-day period after the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to
additional shares of common stock at the same price per share as the
initial shares to be purchased by the underwriters. To the extent
that the underwriters exercise this option, each of the underwriters will be
committed, subject to certain conditions, to purchase such additional shares in
approximately the same proportion as set forth in the above table, and we and
the selling stockholder will be obligated to sell such shares to the
underwriters. The underwriters may purchase such shares only to cover
overallotments made in connection with this offering. If purchased, the
underwriters will offer such additional shares on the same terms as those on
which the shares are being offered.
Our directors and executive officers and the selling stockholder, holding
in the aggregate shares of common stock after this offering, have
agreed that, for a period of 90 days after the date of this prospectus, they
will not, without the prior written consent of Needham & Company, directly or
indirectly sell, offer to sell or otherwise dispose of any such shares of common
stock or any right to acquire such shares. In addition, we have agreed that, for
a period of 90 days after the date of this prospectus, we will not, without the
prior written consent of Needham & Company, issue, offer, sell, grant options to
purchase, or otherwise dispose of any of our equity securities or any other
securities convertible into or exchangeable for the common stock or other equity
security, other than the grant of options to purchase common stock or the
issuance of shares of common stock under our stock option and stock purchase
plans and the issuance of shares of common stock pursuant to the exercise of
outstanding options and warrants.
The Underwriting Agreement provides that we indemnify the several
underwriters against certain liabilities, including civil liabilities under the
Securities Act of 1933, or will contribute to payments the underwriters may be
required to make arising from these types of liabilities.
48
<PAGE> 53
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the common stock offered hereby will be passed upon for us
by O'Connor, Cavanagh, Anderson, Killingsworth & Beshears, a professional
association, Phoenix, Arizona. Certain legal matters relating to this offering
will be passed upon for the underwriters by Gray Cary Ware & Freidenrich LLP,
Palo Alto, California.
EXPERTS
The audited financial statements of the Company as of December 31, 1997 and
1998, and for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 1998
included in this prospectus have been audited by Arthur Andersen LLP,
independent public accountants, as indicated in their reports with respect
thereto, and are included herein in reliance upon the authority of said firm as
experts in giving said reports.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed a registration statement on Form S-3 with the Securities and
Exchange Commission relating to the common stock offered hereby. This prospectus
does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement
and the exhibits and schedules to the registration statement. Statements
contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other
document referred to are not necessarily complete and in each instance we refer
you to the copy of the contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the
registration statement, each such statement being qualified in all respects by
such reference.
For further information with respect to Three-Five Systems, Inc. and the
common stock offered by this prospectus, we refer you to the registration
statement, exhibits and schedules. A copy of the registration statement may be
inspected by anyone without charge at the public reference facilities maintained
by the SEC in Room 1024, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549; the
Chicago Regional Office, Suite 1400, 500 West Madison Street, Citicorp Center,
Chicago, Illinois 60661; and the New York Regional Office, Suite 1300, 7 World
Trade Center, New York, New York 10048. Copies of all or any part of the
registration statement may be obtained from the Public Reference Section of the
SEC at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549, upon payment of the
prescribed fees. The public may obtain information on the operation of the
Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The registration
statement is also available through the SEC's Web site at the following address:
http://www.sec.gov.
49
<PAGE> 54
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference the information we file with
it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring
you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered
to be part of this prospectus and information we file later with the SEC will
automatically update and supersede this information. We incorporate by reference
the documents listed below and any future filings made by us with the SEC under
Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 until
the sale of all of the shares of common stock that are part of this offering.
The documents we are incorporating by reference are as follows:
- our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1998,
filed on March 15, 1999;
- our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1999,
filed on May 17, 1999;
- our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1999,
filed on July 29, 1999;
- the description of our common stock contained in our registration
statement on Form 8-A (Registration No. 1-4373) declared effective by the
SEC on December 28, 1994, including any amendments or reports filed for
the purpose of updating that description; and
- our Proxy Statement, filed on March 19, 1999.
Any statement contained in a document that is incorporated by reference
will be modified or superseded for all purposes to the extent that a statement
contained in this prospectus (or in any other document that is subsequently
filed with the SEC and incorporated by reference) modifies or is contrary to
that previous statement. Any statement so modified or superseded will not be
deemed a part of this prospectus except as so modified or superceded.
You may request a copy of these filings at no cost by writing or
telephoning our investor relations department at the following address and
number:
Three-Five Systems, Inc.
1600 North Desert Drive
Tempe, Arizona 85281
(602) 389-8600
50
<PAGE> 55
THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS, INC.
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
----
<S> <C>
Report of Independent Public Accountants.................... F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 1997 and 1998
and June 30, 1999......................................... F-3
Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) for the years ended
December 31, 1996, 1997, and 1998 and the six months ended
June 30, 1998 and 1999.................................... F-4
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the
years ended December 31, 1996, 1997, and 1998............. F-5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended
December 31, 1996, 1997, and 1998 and the six months ended
June 30, 1998 and 1999.................................... F-6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.................. F-7
</TABLE>
F-1
<PAGE> 56
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
To Three-Five Systems, Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of THREE-FIVE
SYSTEMS, INC. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries as of December 31, 1997
and 1998, and the related consolidated statements of income (loss),
stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period
ended December 31, 1998. These financial statements are the responsibility of
the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly,
in all material respects, the financial position of Three-Five Systems, Inc. and
subsidiaries as of December 31, 1997 and 1998, and the results of their
operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 1998, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
Phoenix, Arizona,
January 22, 1999.
F-2
<PAGE> 57
THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AMOUNTS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
-------------------- JUNE 30,
1997 1998 1999
------- ------- -----------
(UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 2)..................... $16,371 $ 4,946 $ 5,777
Accounts receivable, net............................... 12,540 18,601 24,590
Inventories, net (Note 2).............................. 8,255 12,493 15,249
Deferred tax asset (Note 5)............................ 4,311 2,680 2,649
Other current assets................................... 1,228 2,313 1,952
------- ------- -------
Total current assets.............................. 42,705 41,033 50,217
Property, Plant and Equipment, net (Note 2)................. 29,847 33,314 35,830
Other Assets................................................ 283 3,557 3,536
------- ------- -------
$72,835 $77,904 $89,583
======= ======= =======
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable....................................... $ 8,513 $10,649 $17,305
Accrued liabilities (Note 2)........................... 5,079 4,673 4,461
Current taxes payable (Note 5)......................... -- 235 18
Current portion of long-term debt (Note 3)............. -- 651 6,461
------- ------- -------
Total current liabilities......................... 13,592 16,208 28,245
------- ------- -------
Long-term Debt (Note 3)..................................... -- 7,444 6,634
------- ------- -------
Deferred tax liability (Note 5)............................. 2,718 3,156 3,104
------- ------- -------
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6)
Stockholders' Equity (Note 4):
Preferred stock, $.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares
authorized............................................ -- -- --
Common stock, $.01 par value; 15,000,000 shares
authorized, 7,928,023 shares issued, 7,905,523 shares
outstanding at December 31, 1997; 7,974,901 shares
issued, 7,005,107 shares outstanding at December 31,
1998.................................................. 79 80 80
Additional paid-in capital............................. 32,420 32,484 32,545
Retained earnings...................................... 24,259 26,849 27,247
Cumulative translation adjustment (Note 2)............. 20 8 10
Less--Treasury stock, at cost (969,794 shares)......... (253) (8,325) (8,282)
------- ------- -------
Total stockholders' equity........................ 56,525 51,096 51,600
------- ------- -------
$72,835 $77,904 $89,583
======= ======= =======
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated balance
sheets.
F-3
<PAGE> 58
THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AMOUNTS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED SIX MONTHS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, JUNE 30,
------------------------------------ -----------------------
1996 1997 1998 1998 1999
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
(UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net Sales (Note 7)........................ $ 60,713 $ 84,642 $ 95,047 $ 41,161 $ 54,644
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Costs and Expenses:
Cost of sales........................ 58,321 64,760 76,149 30,782 45,294
Selling, general and
administrative..................... 5,351 6,557 7,334 3,434 4,942
Research and technology.............. 4,065 5,106 7,159 3,593 3,829
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
67,737 76,423 90,642 37,809 54,065
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Operating income (loss).............. (7,024) 8,219 4,405 3,352 579
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Other Income (Expense):
Interest, net........................ 412 548 75 322 (366)
Other, net........................... (139) (190) (117) (23) (33)
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
273 358 (42) 299 (399)
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Income (loss) before provision for
(benefit from) income taxes............. (6,751) 8,577 4,363 3,651 180
Provision for (benefit from) income
taxes (Note 5)....................... (2,920) 3,334 1,773 1,533 (218)
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Net income (loss)......................... $ (3,831) $ 5,243 $ 2,590 $ 2,118 $ 398
========== ========== ========== ========== ==========
Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share (Note 2):
Basic................................ $ (0.49) $ 0.67 $ 0.34 $ 0.27 $ 0.06
========== ========== ========== ========== ==========
Diluted.............................. $ (0.49) $ 0.65 $ 0.33 $ 0.26 $ 0.06
========== ========== ========== ========== ==========
Weighted Average Number of Common Shares:
Basic................................ 7,767,744 7,854,053 7,638,631 7,913,107 7,015,230
========== ========== ========== ========== ==========
Diluted.............................. 7,767,744 8,089,975 7,802,041 8,141,307 7,119,508
========== ========== ========== ========== ==========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.
F-4
<PAGE> 59
THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997, AND 1998
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AMOUNTS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
COMMON STOCK
------------------ ADDITIONAL CUMULATIVE TOTAL
SHARES PAID-IN RETAINED TREASURY TRANSLATION STOCKHOLDERS' COMPREHENSIVE
ISSUED AMOUNT CAPITAL EARNINGS STOCK ADJUSTMENT EQUITY INCOME
--------- ------ ---------- -------- -------- ----------- ------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31,
1995...................... 7,735,745 $77 $32,286 $22,847 $ -- $ 14 $55,224
Net loss.................... -- -- -- (3,831) -- -- (3,831) $(3,831)
Other comprehensive income
Foreign currency
translation
adjustments........... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
-------
Comprehensive income.... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- $(3,831)
=======
Stock options exercised..... 44,084 1 11 -- -- -- 12
Tax benefit from early
disposition of incentive
stock options............. -- -- 32 -- -- -- 32
Purchase of treasury
stock..................... -- -- -- -- (253) -- (253)
--------- --- ------- ------- ------- ---- -------
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31,
1996...................... 7,779,829 78 32,329 19,016 (253) 14 51,184
Net income.................. -- -- -- 5,243 -- -- 5,243 $ 5,243
Other comprehensive income
Foreign currency
translation
adjustments........... -- -- -- -- -- 6 6 6
-------
Comprehensive income.... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- $ 5,249
=======
Stock options exercised..... 148,194 1 50 -- -- -- 51
Tax benefit from early
disposition of incentive
stock options............. -- -- 41 -- -- -- 41
--------- --- ------- ------- ------- ---- -------
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31,
1997...................... 7,928,023 79 32,420 24,259 (253) 20 56,525
Net income.................. -- -- -- 2,590 -- -- 2,590 $ 2,590
Other comprehensive income
Foreign currency
translation
adjustments........... -- -- -- -- -- (12) (12) (12)
-------
Comprehensive income.... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- $ 2,578
=======
Stock options exercised..... 46,878 1 64 -- -- -- 65
Purchase of treasury
stock..................... -- -- -- -- (8,072) -- (8,072)
--------- --- ------- ------- ------- ---- -------
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31,
1998...................... 7,974,901 $80 $32,484 $26,849 $(8,325) $ 8 $51,096
========= === ======= ======= ======= ==== =======
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.
F-5
<PAGE> 60
THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED SIX MONTHS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, JUNE 30,
---------------------------- ------------------
1996 1997 1998 1998 1999
------- ------- -------- -------- -------
(UNAUDITED)
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)........................................... $(3,831) $ 5,243 $ 2,590 $ 2,118 $ 398
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash (used
in) provided by operating activities by operating
activities
Depreciation and amortization............................. 3,551 4,135 4,693 2,178 2,605
Provision for (reduction of) accounts receivable valuation
reserves................................................ 47 (69) (64) (15) 117
Provision for (reduction of) inventory valuation
reserves................................................ 4,015 (2,473) (3,184) (803) 1,561
Loss on disposal of assets................................ 12 2 -- -- --
Changes in assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable.............. 2,469 (5,641) (5,997) (1,794) (6,106)
(Increase) decrease in inventories...................... 5,082 (1,176) (1,054) (13,341) (4,316)
(Increase) decrease in other assets..................... (1,070) 505 (1,425) (153) 363
Increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities.... 4,296 4,778 1,730 7,917 6,443
Increase (decrease) in taxes payable, net............... (2,358) 1,461 2,649 1,851 (238)
------- ------- -------- -------- -------
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities... 12,213 6,765 (62) (2,042) 827
------- ------- -------- -------- -------
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchase of property, plant and equipment................... (948) (3,050) (8,119) (4,880) (5,102)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment......... 5 19 -- -- --
Investment in Siliscape, Inc................................ -- -- (3,320) (2,420) --
------- ------- -------- -------- -------
Net cash used in investing activities................. (943) (3,031) (11,439) (7,300) (5,102)
------- ------- -------- -------- -------
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Net proceeds from (payments on) notes payable to banks...... (3,000) -- 8,095 -- 5,000
Stock options exercised..................................... 12 51 65 48 61
Purchase of treasury stock.................................. (253) -- (8,072) 22 43
------- ------- -------- -------- -------
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities... (3,241) 51 88 70 5,104
------- ------- -------- -------- -------
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash..................... -- 6 (12) (14) 2
------- ------- -------- -------- -------
NET (DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS........ 8,029 3,791 (11,425) (9,286) 831
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF YEAR................ 4,551 12,580 16,371 16,371 4,946
------- ------- -------- -------- -------
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF YEAR...................... $12,580 $16,371 $ 4,946 $ 7,085 $ 5,777
======= ======= ======== ======== =======
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Interest paid............................................... $ 60 $ 4 $ 364
======= ======= ========
Income taxes paid........................................... $ 1,832 $ 1,973 $ 992
======= ======= ========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.
F-6
<PAGE> 61
THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997, AND 1998 AND JUNE 30, 1999
(1) ORGANIZATION AND OPERATIONS:
Three-Five Systems, Inc. (the Company) offers advanced design and
manufacturing services to a wide range of original equipment manufacturers
(OEMs). Most of the Company's sales consist of custom display modules developed
in close collaboration with its customers. Devices designed and manufactured by
the Company find application in communication devices as well as in office,
industrial, medical and commercial electronics products. The Company currently
specializes in liquid crystal display (LCD) components and technology in
providing its design and manufacturing services for its customers. The Company
markets its services primarily in North America, Europe, and Asia through direct
technical sales persons and, to a much lesser extent, through an independent
sales and distribution network.
The Company currently conducts manufacturing operations in Tempe, Arizona;
Manila, the Philippines; and Beijing, China. The Company believes that the
Arizona facility has the largest fully automated LCD glass production capacity
outside of Asia. High-volume LCD module manufacturing is done in Manila, the
Philippines and Beijing, China. In Manila, a third-party subcontractor operates
the facility under a sub-assembly agreement with the Company utilizing
equipment, processes, and documentation owned by the Company. The sub-assembly
agreement has a current term extending through December 31, 1999, and from year
to year thereafter, but may be terminated by either party upon 180 days written
notice. The termination of or the inability of the Company to obtain products
pursuant to the sub-assembly agreement, even for a relatively short period,
would have a material adverse effect on the operations and profitability of the
Company. Since December 1994, the Company has made advances totaling
approximately $2.2 million to the subcontractor to help the subcontractor meet
its working capital needs. As of December 31, 1998, the subcontractor has repaid
$2.0 million of these advances. The amounts payable to the subcontractor more
than exceeded the $205,000 advances outstanding at December 31, 1998. These
advances are secured by future payments for subcontracting services to be
provided to the Company. The Company commenced manufacturing operations in China
during 1998. The China facility is a high-volume LCD module manufacturing
facility similar to the Company's facility in Manila. The Company initially
leased a facility in Beijing on a temporary basis, which expires in mid-1999,
and the Company commenced manufacturing operations in that temporary facility in
the second quarter of 1998. The Company has begun construction of its own
facility in Beijing and expects to move into the new facility in the middle of
1999. Any significant delay in the construction of the permanent facility could
result in the temporary shutdown of the China manufacturing operations.
(2) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:
Principles of Consolidation and Preparation of Financial Statements
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company
and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany transactions have
been eliminated.
Unaudited interim results
The accompanying interim consolidated financial statements as of June 30,
1999, and for the six months ended June 30, 1998 and 1999, together with the
related notes, are unaudited. The unaudited interim financial statements have
been prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements and, in the
opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include only normal
recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly the Company's financial
position, results of operations and its cash flows as of June 30, 1999 and for
the six months ended June 30, 1998 and 1999. The results for the six months
ended June 30, 1999 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected
for the year ending December 31, 1999.
F-7
<PAGE> 62
THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
Three-Five Systems Limited (Limited), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the
Company, is incorporated in the United Kingdom. Limited sells and distributes
the Company's products to customers on the European continent.
Three-Five Systems Pacific, Inc. (Pacific), a Philippines corporation,
procures supplies primarily from Philippine vendors. Pacific also manages and
assists production personnel of the third-party subcontractor that operates the
facility in the Philippines.
During the first quarter of 1998, the Company formed a wholly-owned
subsidiary in China, Three-Five Systems (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (Beijing). Beijing
manufactures and sells the Company's products to customers primarily located in
Asia.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The estimated fair value of financial instruments has been determined by
the Company using available market information and valuation methodologies.
Considerable judgment is required in estimating fair values. Accordingly, the
estimates may not be indicative of amounts that would be realized in a current
market exchange. The carrying values of cash, accounts receivable, and accounts
payable approximate fair value due to the short maturities of these instruments.
In addition, the carrying amount on the outstanding revolving line of credit
facility is estimated to approximate fair value as the actual interest rate is
consistent with rates estimated to be currently available for debt with similar
terms and remaining maturities.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
For purposes of the statements of cash flows, all highly liquid investments
with a maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase are considered
to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist of investments in commercial
paper, marketable debt securities, money market mutual funds, and United States
government agencies' obligations and are classified as held-to-maturity in
accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 115,
Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities. Cash
equivalents were $12,886,000 and $1,992,000 at December 31, 1997 and December
31, 1998, respectively.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net
realizable value. Reserves are established against Company-owned inventories for
excess, slow-moving, and obsolete items and for items where the net realizable
value is less than cost. The reserve for obsolete inventory totaled $4,309,000
and $1,125,000 at December 31, 1997 and December 31, 1998, respectively.
F-8
<PAGE> 63
THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
Inventories consist of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
---------------- JUNE 30,
1997 1998 1999
------ ------- -----------
(IN THOUSANDS) (UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Raw Materials......................................... $6,052 $ 9,367 $10,800
Work-in-process....................................... 1,195 1,459 2,322
Finished goods........................................ 1,008 1,667 2,127
------ ------- -------
$8,255 $12,493 $15,249
====== ======= =======
</TABLE>
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment is recorded at cost and generally is
depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of
the respective assets, which range from 3 to 39 years. During 1996, the Company
placed into service a high-volume LCD manufacturing line in its Tempe, Arizona
manufacturing facility. The Company is depreciating the LCD manufacturing line
using the units of production method. Depreciation expense recorded using this
method may be subject to significant fluctuation from year to year resulting
from changes in actual production levels and ongoing analysis of the capacity of
the equipment. Property, plant and equipment consist of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
-------------------- JUNE 30,
1997 1998 1999
-------- -------- -----------
(IN THOUSANDS) (UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Building and improvements........................ $ 10,431 $ 13,031 $ 15,997
Furniture and equipment.......................... 31,804 37,324 39,459
-------- -------- --------
42,235 50,355 55,456
Less accumulated depreciation.................... (12,388) (17,041) (19,626)
-------- -------- --------
$ 29,847 $ 33,314 $ 35,830
======== ======== ========
</TABLE>
The Company utilizes a significant portion of the high-volume LCD
manufacturing line facility to produce a substantial portion of its own
requirements for LCDs. The successful utilization of the LCD manufacturing line
requires the Company to (i) produce LCDs on a timely and cost-effective basis at
quality levels at least equal to product available from independent suppliers
and (ii) utilize the LCDs it produces in devices it designs and manufactures in
a manner satisfactory to its customers. Although management believes that the
manufacturing facility will be successfully utilized, no assurance can be given
that the Company will not experience problems or delays in conducting its LCD
manufacturing operations. Such problems could require the Company to continue to
purchase its LCD requirements from third parties and result in the inability of
the Company to recover its investment in the manufacturing facility.
During 1996, the Company entered into a transaction, in which it conveyed
its Tempe, Arizona facility and certain improvements to the City of Tempe as
consideration for a rent-free 75-year lease. The Company has the option to
repurchase the facility for $1,000 after ten years; therefore, the lease is
accounted for as a capital lease.
Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities include accrued compensation of approximately
$1,675,000 and $975,000 at December 31, 1997 and 1998, respectively.
F-9
<PAGE> 64
THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
Foreign Currency Translation
Financial information relating to the Company's foreign subsidiaries is
reported in accordance with SFAS No. 52, Foreign Currency Translation. The
functional currency of each of Pacific and Limited is the same as the local
currency. The gain or loss resulting from the translation of these two
subsidiaries' financial statements has been included as a separate component of
stockholders' equity.
The functional currency of Beijing is the U.S. dollar. Beijing, however,
maintains its books and records in the Renminbi. Therefore, the Company utilizes
the remeasurement method of foreign currency translation when Beijing is
consolidated. Any resulting remeasurement gain or loss is reported in the
Company's consolidated statements of operations.
The net foreign currency transaction loss in 1996, 1997, and 1998 was
$46,000, $183,000, and $177,000, respectively, and has been included in other
expenses in the accompanying statements of income (loss).
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue upon shipment. The Company provides reserves
for uncollectible accounts receivable. These reserves totaled $455,000 and
$431,000 at December 31, 1997 and 1998, respectively. The Company performs
ongoing credit evaluations of all of its customers and considers various factors
in establishing its allowance for doubtful accounts.
Research and Technology
Research and technology costs are expensed as incurred. The Company
currently is spending research and technology dollars on several new
technologies that it plans to introduce in the future. There is a risk that some
or all of those technologies may not successfully make the transition from the
research and development lab to cost-effective manufacturable products.
Earnings (Loss) Per Share
During 1997, the Company adopted SFAS No. 128, Earnings per Share. Pursuant
to SFAS No. 128, basic earnings per common share are computed by dividing net
income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock
outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings (loss) per common share for the
years ended December 31, 1997 and 1998 and for the six months ended June 30,
1998 and 1999 are determined assuming that outstanding options were exercised at
the beginning of each year or at the time of issuance, if later. No outstanding
options were assumed to be exercised for purposes of calculating
F-10
<PAGE> 65
THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
diluted earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 1996 as their effect
was anti-dilutive. Set forth below are the disclosures required pursuant to SFAS
No. 128:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED SIX MONTHS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, JUNE 30,
------------------------- -----------------
1996 1997 1998 1998 1999
------- ------ ------ ------- -------
(IN THOUSANDS, (UNAUDITED)
EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Basic earnings (loss) per share:
Income (loss) available to common
stockholders.............................. $(3,831) $5,243 $2,590 $2,118 $ 398
------- ------ ------ ------ ------
Weighted average common shares.............. 7,768 7,854 7,639 7,913 7,015
------- ------ ------ ------ ------
Basis per share amount................. $ (0.49) $ 0.67 $ 0.34 $ 0.27 $ 0.06
======= ====== ====== ====== ======
Diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Income (loss) available to common
stockholders.............................. $(3,831) $5,243 $2,590 $2,118 $ 398
------- ------ ------ ------ ------
Weighted average common shares.............. 7,768 7,854 7,639 7,913 7,015
Options assumed exercised................... -- 236 163 228 105
------- ------ ------ ------ ------
Total common shares plus assumed
exercises................................. 7,768 8,090 7,802 8,141 7,120
------- ------ ------ ------ ------
Diluted per share amount............... $ (0.49) $ 0.65 $ 0.33 $ 0.26 $ 0.06
======= ====== ====== ====== ======
</TABLE>
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In 1998, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
No. 130, Reporting Comprehensive Income, which requires companies to report all
changes in equity during a period, except those resulting from investment by
owners and distribution to owners, in a financial statement for the period in
which they are recognized. The Company has chosen to disclose Comprehensive
Income, which encompasses net income and foreign currency translation
adjustments, in the Consolidated Statement of Shareholder's Equity. Prior years
have been restated to conform to the SFAS No. 130 requirements.
Comprehensive Income (unaudited) was $2.1 million and $400,000 for the six
month periods ended June 30, 1998 and 1999, respectively.
In 1998, the Company also adopted Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 131, Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related
Information. The new rules establish revised standards for public companies
relating to the reporting of financial and descriptive information about their
operating segments in financial statements. The Company adopted SFAS No. 131 and
all of the required disclosures (Note 7).
F-11
<PAGE> 66
THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
(3) LONG-TERM DEBT:
Long-term debt consists of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
------------------- JUNE 30,
1997 1998 1999
-------- -------- -----------
(IN THOUSANDS) (UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
$15.0 million revolving line of credit, interest due
monthly at the bank's prime rate (7.75% at December
31, 1998) or at the LIBOR base rate (5.064% at
December 31, 1998) plus 1.75%, unpaid balance due
May 22, 2000, secured by all assets other than real
property........................................... $ -- $ -- $ 5,000
$10.0 million revolving line of credit/term loan,
interest due monthly at the bank's prime rate or at
the LIBOR base rate plus 2.375%, unpaid balance due
August 5, 2004, secured by all assets other than
real property...................................... -- 8,095 8,095
$350,000 United Kingdom credit facility, interest due
quarterly at the bank's base rate plus 2%, unpaid
balance due July 15, 1999, secured by United
Kingdom accounts receivable........................ -- -- --
-------- -------- --------
-- 8,095 13,095
Less current maturities.............................. -- (651) (6,461)
-------- -------- --------
$ -- $ 7,444 $ 6,634
======== ======== ========
</TABLE>
In November 1998, the Company entered into a new commitment from Imperial
Bank and the National Bank of Canada for a $25.0 million credit facility. This
new credit facility consists of (i) a $15.0 million revolving line of credit is
available for general corporate needs, and (ii) a $10.0 million term loan, which
provides available funds to repurchase a portion of the Company's common stock.
The amount of the term loan is available for advances until August 5, 1999,
followed by a five-year amortization period in which principal and interest will
be payable quarterly in equal installments. Advances under the term loan will be
made as either Prime Rate Advances, which accrue interest payable monthly, at
the bank's prime lending rate, or as LIBOR Rate Advances which bear interest at
237.5 basis points in excess of the LIBOR Base Rate. The credit facility is
secured by all of the Company's assets other than the Company's real property.
The Company must apply all proceeds from the sale of any treasury stock to the
outstanding principal balance of the term loan.
The credit facility contains restrictive covenants that include, among
other things, restrictions on the declaration or payment of dividends and the
amount of capital expenditures. The credit facility also requires the Company to
maintain a specified net worth, as defined, to maintain required debt to equity
ratio, and to maintain certain other financial ratios.
Any unpaid balance of the United Kingdom credit facility is due July 15,
2000, and is secured by United Kingdom accounts receivable.
(4) BENEFIT PLANS:
The Company has five stock option plans, the 1990 Stock Option Plan (1990
Plan), the 1993 Stock Option Plan (1993 Plan), the 1994 Non-Employee Directors
Stock Option Plan (1994 Plan), the 1997 Stock Option Plan (1997 Plan), and 1998
Stock Option Plan (1998 Plan).
F-12
<PAGE> 67
THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
1990 Stock Option Plan
Under the 1990 Plan, there were options issued but unexercised to purchase
163,100 shares as of December 31, 1998. In conjunction with stockholder approval
of the 1993 Plan, the Board terminated the 1990 Plan with respect to unissued
options to purchase 85,454 shares of common stock which remained and were
unissued as of the date the 1993 Plan was adopted. The exercise prices of
options are determined by the plan administrator, but may not be less than 100%
(110% if the option is granted to a stockholder who at the time the option is
granted owns stock representing more than 10% of the total combined voting power
of all classes of stock of the Company). The 1990 Plan will remain in force
through May 1, 2000.
The expiration date, maximum number of shares purchasable, and the other
provisions of the options granted under the 1990 Plan were established at the
time of grant. Options were granted for terms of up to ten years and become
exercisable in whole or in one or more installments at such times as were
determined by the Board of Directors upon grant of the options.
1993 Stock Option Plan
The 1993 Plan provides for the granting of options to purchase up to
385,454 shares of the Company's common stock (which includes 85,454 shares
previously reserved for issuance under the Company's 1990 Stock Option Plan),
the direct granting of common stock (stock awards), the granting of stock
appreciation rights (SARs) and the granting of other cash awards (cash awards;
stock awards, SARs, and cash awards are collectively referred to herein as
Awards). Under the 1993 Plan, options and Awards may be issued to key personnel
and others providing valuable services to the Company and its subsidiaries. The
options issued may be incentive stock options or nonqualified stock options. If
any option or SAR terminates or expires without having been exercised in full,
stock not issued under such option or SAR will again be available for grant
pursuant to the 1993 Plan. There were options outstanding to acquire 360,900
shares of the Company's common stock under the 1993 Plan at December 31, 1998.
To the extent that granted options are incentive stock options, the terms
and conditions of those options must be consistent with the qualification
requirement set forth in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the "Code"). The
expiration date, maximum number of shares purchasable, and the other provisions
of the options will be established at the time of grant. Options may be granted
for terms of up to ten years and become exercisable in whole or in one or more
installments at such time as may be determined by the plan administrator upon
grant of the options. The exercise prices of options are determined by the plan
administrator, but may not be less than 100% (110% if the option is an incentive
stock option granted to a stockholder who at the time the option is granted owns
stock representing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all
classes of stock of the Company) of the fair market value of the common stock at
the time of the grant. The 1993 Plan will remain in force until February 24,
2003.
1994 Non-Employee Directors Stock Option Plan
The 1994 Plan provides for the automatic grant of stock options to
non-employee directors to purchase up to 100,000 shares of the Company's common
stock. Under the 1994 Plan, options to acquire 500 shares of common stock will
be automatically granted to each non-employee director at the meeting of the
Board of Directors held immediately after each annual meeting of stockholders,
with such options to vest in a series of 12 equal and successive monthly
installments commencing one month after the annual automatic grant date. In
addition, each non-employee director serving on the Board of Directors on the
date the 1994 Plan was approved by the Company's stockholders received an
automatic grant of options to acquire 1,000 shares of common stock and each
subsequent newly elected non-employee member of the Board of Directors receives
an automatic grant of options to acquire 1,000 shares of common stock on the
date of their first appointment or election to the Board of Directors. Those
options become exercisable and
F-13
<PAGE> 68
THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
vest in a series of three equal and successive annual installments, with the
first such installment becoming exercisable immediately after the director's
second successive election to the Board of Directors (the First Vesting Date),
the second installment becoming exercisable 10 months after the First Vesting
Date, and the third installment becoming exercisable 22 months after the First
Vesting Date (provided that the director has not ceased serving as a director
prior to a vesting date). A non-employee member of the Board of Directors is not
eligible to receive the 500 share automatic option grant if that option grant
date is within 30 days of such non-employee member receiving the 1,000 share
automatic option grant. The exercise price per share of common stock subject to
options granted under the 1994 Plan will be equal to 100% of the fair market
value of the Company's common stock on the date such options are granted. There
were outstanding options to acquire 11,000 shares of the Company's common stock
under the 1994 Plan at December 31, 1998.
1997 Stock Option Plan
The 1997 Plan provides for the granting of nonqualified options to purchase
up to 100,000 shares of the Company's common stock. Under the 1997 Plan, options
may be issued to key personnel and others providing valuable services to the
Company and its subsidiaries. The options issued will be nonqualified stock
options and shall not be incentive stock options as defined in Section 422 of
the Code. Any option that expires or terminates without having been exercised in
full will again be available for grant pursuant to the 1997 Plan. There were
options outstanding to acquire 38,300 shares of the Company's common stock under
the 1997 Plan at December 31, 1998.
The expiration date, maximum number of shares purchasable, and the other
provisions of the options will be established at the time of grant. Options may
be granted for terms of up to ten years and become exercisable in whole or in
one or more installments at such time as may be determined by the plan
administrator upon grant of the options. The exercise prices of the options are
determined by the plan administrator, but may not be less than 100% of the fair
market value of the common stock at the time of the grant. The 1997 Plan will
remain in force until May 12, 2007.
1998 Stock Option Plan
The 1998 Plan provides for the granting of incentive stock options and/or
nonqualified options to purchase up to 300,000 shares of the Company's common
stock. Under the 1998 Plan, options may be issued to key personnel and others
providing valuable services to the Company and its subsidiaries. The options
issued will be incentive stock options or nonqualified stock options as defined
in Section 422 of the Code. Any option that expires or terminates without having
been exercised in full will again be available for grant pursuant to the 1998
Plan. There were options outstanding to acquire 122,500 shares of the Company's
common stock under the 1998 Plan at December 31, 1998.
The expiration date, maximum number of shares purchasable, and the other
provisions of the options will be established at the time of grant. Options may
be granted for terms of up to ten years and become exercisable in whole or in
one or more installments at such time as may be determined by the plan
administrator upon grant of the options. The exercise prices of the options are
determined by the plan administrator, but may not be less than 100% of the fair
market value of the common stock at the time of the grant (110% if the option is
an incentive stock option granted to a stockholder who at the time the option is
granted owns stock representing more than 10% of the total combined voting power
of all classes of stock of the Company). The 1998 Plan will remain in force
until January 28, 2008.
Tax benefits from early disposition of common stock by optionees under the
1990 Plan and 1993 Plan and from the exercise of nonqualified options are
credited to additional paid-in capital.
F-14
<PAGE> 69
THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
Pursuant to the provisions of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation, the Company accounts for transactions with its employees pursuant
to Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to
Employees, under which no compensation cost has been recognized. Had
compensation cost for these plans been determined consistent with SFAS No. 123,
the Company's net income (loss) and earnings (loss) per share would have been as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------
1996 1997 1998
------- ------ ------
(IN THOUSANDS,
EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net income (loss):
As reported...................................... $(3,831) $5,243 $2,590
Pro forma........................................ (4,076) 4,785 1,998
Basic earnings (loss) per share:
As reported...................................... $ (0.49) $ 0.67 $ 0.34
Pro forma........................................ (0.52) 0.61 0.26
Diluted earnings (loss) per share:
As reported...................................... $ (0.49) $ 0.65 $ 0.33
Pro forma........................................ (0.52) 0.59 0.26
</TABLE>
The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using
the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average
assumptions for grants in 1996, 1997, and 1998, respectively: risk-free interest
rates of 6.31%, 5.45%, and 4.52%; expected dividend yields of zero; expected
lives of 6.1, 6.4, and 6.6 years; and expected volatility (a measure of the
amount by which a price has fluctuated or is expected to fluctuate during a
period) of 61.9%, 60.0%, and 61.4%.
Because the SFAS No. 123 method of accounting has not been applied to
options granted prior to January 1, 1995, the resulting pro forma compensation
cost may not be representative of that to be expected in future years. The
weighted average fair value of shares exercised in 1998 was $14.03.
A summary of the status of the Company's five stock option plans at
December 31, 1996, 1997, and 1998 and changes during the years then ended, are
presented in the table and narrative below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1996 1997 1998
------------------- ------------------- -------------------
WEIGHTED WEIGHTED WEIGHTED
AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE
EXERCISE EXERCISE EXERCISE
SHARES PRICE SHARES PRICE SHARES PRICE
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Outstanding at beginning of year... 539,576 $ 8.06 551,776 $ 6.92 550,970 $11.01
Granted............................ 250,100 11.89 200,500 14.63 334,800 13.87
Exercised.......................... (44,900) 0.49 (162,306) 1.34 (47,020) 1.08
Expired............................ (193,000) 18.04 (39,000) 12.23 (142,950) 15.45
-------- -------- --------
Outstanding at end of year......... 551,776 $ 6.92 550,970 $11.01 695,800 $12.14
======== ======== ========
Exercisable at end of year......... 294,982 165,110 226,731
======== ======== ========
Weighted average fair value of
options granted.................. $ 7.57 $ 9.19 $10.25
====== ====== ======
</TABLE>
F-15
<PAGE> 70
THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding
at December 31, 1998:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
OPTIONS OUTSTANDING OPTIONS EXERCISABLE
- --------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
NUMBER WEIGHTED NUMBER
OUTSTANDING AVERAGE WEIGHTED EXERCISABLE WEIGHTED
AT REMAINING AVERAGE AT AVERAGE
RANGE OF DECEMBER 31, CONTRACTUAL EXERCISE DECEMBER 31, EXERCISE
EXERCISE PRICES 1998 LIFE PRICE 1998 PRICE
- --------------- -------------- ----------------- -------- -------------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
$ 0.25-$9.00 85,100 4.1 years $ 2.46 63,600 $ 0.81
9.01-20.00 588,700 7.9 years 13.14 153,799 12.85
20.01-34.38 22,000 8.1 years 22.97 9,332 24.41
------- ------ ------- ------
695,800 7.5 years $12.14 226,731 $ 9.95
======= ====== ======= ======
</TABLE>
401(k) PROFIT SHARING PLAN
Effective September 1, 1990, the Company adopted a profit sharing plan
(401(k) Plan) pursuant to Section 401(k) of the Code. The 401(k) Plan covers
substantially all full-time employees who meet the eligibility requirements and
provides for a discretionary profit sharing contribution by the Company and an
employee elective contribution with a discretionary Company matching provision.
The Company expensed discretionary contributions pursuant to the 401(k) Plan in
the amount of $65,000, $71,000, and $100,000 for the years ended December 31,
1996, 1997, and 1998, respectively.
(5) INCOME TAXES:
SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, requires the use of an asset and
liability approach in accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and
liabilities are recorded based on the differences between the financial
statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities and the tax rates in effect
when these differences are expected to reverse.
The provision (benefit) for income taxes for the years ended December 31
consists of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1996 1997 1998
------- ------ ------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Current, net of operating loss carryforwards and tax
credits utilized
Federal, net of tax benefit from early termination
of incentive stock options....................... $ 556 $ 356 $ (509)
State.............................................. 58 97 (24)
Foreign............................................ 9 71 237
------- ------ ------
623 524 (296)
Deferred provision (benefit)............................ (3,575) 2,769 2,069
Tax benefit from early termination of incentive stock
options, reflected in stockholders' equity............ 32 41 --
------- ------ ------
Provision (benefit) for income taxes.......... $(2,920) $3,334 $1,773
======= ====== ======
</TABLE>
In accordance with SFAS No. 109, a tax benefit for net operating losses of
approximately $102,000, $35,000, and $-0- and tax credits of approximately
$938,000, $-0-, and $-0- utilized in 1996, 1997, and 1998, respectively, are
included as a reduction of the current provision for income taxes in the
consolidated statements of income (loss).
F-16
<PAGE> 71
THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
The components of deferred taxes at December 31 are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1998
------ ------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C>
Net long-term deferred tax liabilities:
Accelerated tax depreciation........................... $2,685 $3,156
Other.................................................. 33 --
------ ------
$2,718 $3,156
====== ======
Net short-term deferred tax assets:
Inventory reserve...................................... $1,721 $ 436
Uniform capitalization................................. 1,251 1,076
Accrued liabilities not currently deductible........... 1,080 1,022
Allowance for doubtful accounts........................ 156 156
Tax effect of regular U.S. net operating loss
carryforward.......................................... 12 --
Other.................................................. 91 (10)
------ ------
$4,311 $2,680
====== ======
</TABLE>
A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory rate to the Company's
effective tax rate is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1996 1997 1998
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Statutory federal rate..................................... (34)% 34% 34%
Effect of state taxes...................................... (6) 5 3
Other...................................................... (3) -- 4
--- -- --
(43)% 39% 41%
=== == ==
</TABLE>
- -------------------------
(6) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES:
In March 1995, the Company entered into a non-cancelable operating lease
for its primary manufacturing facility in Manila, the Philippines. The lease
expires December 31, 1999. In April 1995, the Company entered into a
non-cancelable operating lease for an additional manufacturing facility in
Manila, the Philippines. The lease expires March 31, 1999. The Company has an
option to extend the lease for an additional year at substantially the same
rates as the current lease.
Rent expense was approximately $477,000, $793,000, and $917,000 for the
years ended December 31, 1996, 1997, and 1998, respectively.
In April 1994, the Company entered into a ground lease (with purchase
options) on a 5.7 acre site in Tempe, Arizona. Annual lease payments under the
ground lease, which will expire on March 31, 2069, subject to renewal and
purchase options as well as termination provisions, will average approximately
$100,000 over the term of the lease subject to certain escalation provisions. A
design, manufacturing, and corporate headquarters facility containing
approximately 97,000 square feet was completed on the land in 1995 at a cost of
approximately $10.4 million.
F-17
<PAGE> 72
THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
The Company's future lease commitments under the non-cancelable operating
leases as of December 31, 1998 are as follows (in thousands):
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
1999.................................................... $ 373
2000.................................................... 100
2001.................................................... 100
2002.................................................... 100
2003.................................................... 100
Thereafter.............................................. 6,525
------
$7,298
======
</TABLE>
The Company is involved in certain administrative proceedings arising in
the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, the Company's
potential exposure under the pending administrative proceedings is adequately
provided for in the accompanying financial statements.
(7) SEGMENT INFORMATION:
The Company offers advanced design and manufacturing services to a wide
range of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). The majority of the Company's
sales are attributed to the LCD product line. The Company's products are
included in end-user devices for the following product categories: communication
devices, office, industrial, medical and commercial electronics.
Management monitors and evaluates the financial performance of the
Company's operations by its four operating segments located throughout the
world. These segments consist of three manufacturing operations, located in the
United States, China, and the Philippines, and a sales and distribution
operation in the United Kingdom.
The following operating segment information includes financial information
(in thousands) for all four of the Company's operating segments. Financial
information for the China operation is presented beginning from the date those
operations commenced, June 1998.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
UNITED UNITED
STATES KINGDOM CHINA PHILIPPINES ELIMINATIONS TOTAL
------- ------- ------- ----------- ------------ -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
DECEMBER 31, 1996
Net sales................................................. $58,709 $27,814 $ -- $1,494 $(27,304) $60,713
Income (loss) before provision for (benefit from) income
taxes................................................... (6,935) 28 -- 12 144 (6,751)
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes................. (2,929) 9 -- -- -- (2,920)
Depreciation.............................................. 3,375 8 -- 57 -- 3,440
Total assets.............................................. 58,828 3,824 -- 288 (371) 62,569
Capital expenditures...................................... 856 42 -- 50 -- 948
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
UNITED UNITED
STATES KINGDOM CHINA PHILIPPINES ELIMINATIONS TOTAL
------- ------- ------- ----------- ------------ -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
DECEMBER 31, 1997
Net sales................................................. $83,023 $10,755 $ -- $3,107 $(12,243) $84,642
Income before provision for income taxes.................. 7,990 436 -- 104 47 8,577
Provision for income taxes................................ 3,263 32 -- 39 -- 3,334
</TABLE>
F-18
<PAGE> 73
THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
UNITED UNITED
STATES KINGDOM CHINA PHILIPPINES ELIMINATIONS TOTAL
------- ------- ------- ----------- ------------ -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Depreciation.............................................. 4,058 27 -- 9 -- 4,094
Total assets.............................................. 68,039 4,896 -- 354 (454) 72,835
Capital expenditures...................................... 3,036 14 -- -- -- 3,050
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
UNITED UNITED
STATES KINGDOM CHINA PHILIPPINES ELIMINATIONS TOTAL
------- ------- ------- ----------- ------------ -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
DECEMBER 31, 1998
Net sales................................................. $92,251 $33,438 $ 7,205 $3,010 $(40,857) $95,047
Income (loss) before provision for (benefit from) income
taxes................................................... 4,643 676 (947) (2) (7) 4,363
Provision for income taxes................................ 1,537 209 -- 27 -- 1,773
Depreciation.............................................. 4,408 36 168 41 -- 4,653
Total assets.............................................. 60,514 9,195 12,301 642 (4,748) 77,904
Capital expenditures...................................... 2,809 10 5,298 2 -- 8,119
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
UNITED UNITED
STATES KINGDOM CHINA PHILIPPINES ELIMINATIONS TOTAL
------- ------- ------- ----------- ------------ -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 1998 (UNAUDITED)
Net sales................................................. $30,070 $11,091 $ -- $ -- $ -- $41,161
Intersegment sales........................................ 11,212 -- -- 1,325 (12,537) --
Income (loss) before provision for (benefit from) income
taxes................................................... 3,636 397 (382) 37 (37) 3,651
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
UNITED UNITED
STATES KINGDOM CHINA PHILIPPINES ELIMINATIONS TOTAL
------- ------- ------- ----------- ------------ -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 1999 (UNAUDITED)
Net sales................................................. $17,483 $24,576 $12,585 $ -- $ -- $54,644
Intersegment sales........................................ 33,518 -- 3,839 1,595 (38,952) --
Income (loss) before provision for (benefit from) income
taxes................................................... (609) 382 349 31 27 180
</TABLE>
Net sales are generated from the sale of LCD display devices, which are
applied in several different end-use products. Total net sales by these product
categories are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
-------- -------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Cellular telephones and other wireless communication
devices............................................. $40,360 $31,415 $62,073
Office automation equipment........................... 5,979 33,528 12,658
Other................................................. 14,374 19,699 20,316
------- ------- -------
Total............................................ $60,713 $84,642 $95,047
======= ======= =======
</TABLE>
The Company's strategy involves concentrating its efforts on providing
design and production services to leading companies in a limited number of
fast-growing industries. The Company has been undertaking substantial efforts to
diversify its business, broaden its customer base, and expand its markets. The
Company's historical major customer, that accounted for approximately 65% and
35% of the Company's net sales in 1996 and 1997, respectively, accounted for
approximately 64% of the Company's net sales during 1998. This increased
percentage occurred as a result of increased sales to that customer as well as
decreased sales to other customers. The Company's other significant customer
accounted for less than 10% of the Company's net sales during 1996. Sales to
this customer were 32% of the Company's net sales during 1997 and less than 10%
of the Company's net sales during 1998.
F-19
<PAGE> 74
THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
The significant amount of sales to a few customers results in certain
concentrations of credit risk for the Company. The Company's accounts receivable
balance, including the accounts receivable of the Company's largest customers,
is comprised of a large number of customers, primarily in the cellular
telephone, computer hardware, and other electronic products industries. These
customers are located primarily in the United States and Europe.
F-20
<PAGE> 75
Inside Back Cover
Top: (Heading) World Class High-Volume Manufacturing; beneath the heading are
subheadings and text, in bullet point form. The subheadings and text read,
"Tempe, Arizona: LCD/microdisplay manufacturing; High-volume automated LCD
manufacturing line; 16,000 sq. ft. cleanroom facility; Capacity exceeds 20
million displays per year; Design, research, and technology center; Total
quality management; Manila, The Philippines: Display module
manufacturing/assembly; ISO 9002 certified; Highly trained work force, Advanced
manufacturing techniques; Capacity: approximately 14 million modules per year;
Beijing, China: Display module manufacturing/assembly, Positioned for emerging
growth markets; 30,000 sq. ft. cleanroom facility; Cost effective labor;
Capacity: approximately 12 million modules per year"
Right-margin: Three pictures of assembly lines from the three manufacturing
facilities.
<PAGE> 76
- ------------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------
YOU SHOULD RELY ONLY ON THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS. WE
HAVE NOT, AND THE UNDERWRITERS HAVE NOT, AUTHORIZED ANY OTHER PERSON TO PROVIDE
YOU WITH DIFFERENT INFORMATION. IF ANYONE PROVIDES YOU WITH DIFFERENT OR
INCONSISTENT INFORMATION, YOU SHOULD NOT RELY ON IT. WE ARE NOT, AND THE
UNDERWRITERS ARE NOT, MAKING AN OFFER TO SELL THESE SECURITIES IN ANY
JURISDICTION WHERE THE OFFER OR SALE IS NOT PERMITTED. THE INFORMATION IN THIS
DOCUMENT MAY ONLY BE ACCURATE ON THE DATE OF THIS DOCUMENT.
------------------------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
----
<S> <C>
Prospectus Summary.................... 1
Risk Factors.......................... 5
Cautionary Statement Regarding
Forward-Looking Statements.......... 15
Use of Proceeds....................... 15
Price Range of Common Stock........... 16
Dividend Policy....................... 16
Capitalization........................ 17
Selected Consolidated Financial
Information......................... 18
Management's Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations....................... 20
Business.............................. 31
Management............................ 44
Principal and Selling Stockholders.... 47
Underwriting.......................... 48
Legal Matters......................... 49
Experts............................... 49
Where You Can Find More Information... 49
Incorporation of Certain Documents by
Reference........................... 50
Index to Consolidated Financial
Statements.......................... F-1
</TABLE>
- ------------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------
Shares
[THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS LOGO]
------------------------
Prospectus
, 1999
------------------------
Needham & Company, Inc.
ING Barings
J.C. Bradford & Co.
- ------------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------
<PAGE> 77
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
ITEM 13. OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION.
The following table sets forth the expenses in connection with the offering
described in the Registration Statement. All such expenses are estimates except
for the SEC registration fee and NASD and New York Stock Exchange filing fees.
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
SEC registration fee........................................ $11,836
-------
NYSE filing fee.............................................
-------
Blue Sky fees and expenses..................................
-------
NASD fee.................................................... 4,758
-------
Transfer agent and registrar fees...........................
-------
Accountants' fees and expenses.............................. 30,000
Legal fees and expenses.....................................
-------
Printing and engraving expenses.............................
-------
Miscellaneous fees..........................................
-------
Total....................................................... $
=======
</TABLE>
ITEM 14. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS.
The Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws of the Registrant
provide that the Registrant will indemnify and advance expenses, to the fullest
extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, to each person who is
or was a director or officer of the Registrant, or who serves or served any
other enterprise or organization at the request of the Registrant (an
"Indemnitee").
Under Delaware law, to the extent that an Indemnitee is successful on the
merits in defense of a suit or proceeding brought against him or her by reason
of the fact that he or she is or was a director, officer, or agent of the
Registrant, or serves or served any other enterprise or organization at the
request of the Registrant, the Registrant shall indemnify him or her against
expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred in
connection with such action.
If unsuccessful in defense of a third-party civil suit or a criminal suit,
or if such a suit is settled, an Indemnitee may be indemnified under Delaware
law against both (i) expenses, including attorneys' fees, and (ii) judgments,
fines, and amounts paid in settlement if he or she acted in good faith and in a
manner he or she reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best
interests of the Registrant, and, with respect to any criminal action, had no
reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful.
If unsuccessful in defense of a suit brought by or in the right of the
Registrant, where the suit is settled, an Indemnitee may be indemnified under
Delaware law only against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and
reasonably incurred in the defense or settlement of the suit if he or she acted
in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in, or not
opposed to, the best interests of the Registrant except that if the Indemnitee
is adjudged to be liable for negligence or misconduct in the performance of his
or her duty to the Registrant, he or she cannot be made whole even for expenses
unless a court determines that he or she is fully and reasonably entitled to
indemnification for such expenses.
Also under Delaware law, expenses incurred by an officer or director in
defending a civil or criminal action, suit, or proceeding may be paid by the
Registrant in advance of the final disposition of the suit, action, or
proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the officer or
director to repay such
II-1
<PAGE> 78
amount if it is ultimately determined that he or she is not entitled to be
indemnified by the Registrant. The Registrant may also advance expenses incurred
by other employees and agents of the Registrant upon such terms and conditions,
if any, that the board of directors of the Registrant deems appropriate.
ITEM 15. RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES.
A warrant for 70,000 shares of common stock was issued in connection with
an acquisition. This sale was made pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities
Act.
ITEM 16. EXHIBITS.
(a) EXHIBITS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT
NUMBER EXHIBITS
- ------ --------
<C> <S>
*1 Underwriting Agreement
2 Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Reorganization(1)
3(a) Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant(2)
3(b) Bylaws of the Company
4 Specimen Stock Certificate
*5 Opinion of O'Connor, Cavanagh, Anderson, Killingsworth &
Beshears, P.A.
*23(a) Consent of O'Connor, Cavanagh, Anderson, Killingsworth &
Beshears, P.A. (to be included in its Opinion filed as
Exhibit 5)
23(b) Consent of Arthur Andersen LLP
24 Power of Attorney of Directors and Executive Officers
(included on the signature page of this Registration
Statement)
27 Financial Data Schedule
</TABLE>
- ------------
* To be filed by amendment.
(1) Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of TF
Consolidation, Inc. (Registration No. 33-33944) as filed March 27, 1990 and
declared effective March 27, 1990.
(2) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Form 10-QSB for the quarter
ended March 31, 1994, as filed with the Commission on or about May 12, 1994.
(b) FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Schedule II Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
All other schedules have been omitted on the basis of immateriality or
because such schedules are not otherwise applicable.
ITEM 17. UNDERTAKINGS.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of
determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the
registrant's annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit
plan's annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be
deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered
therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be
the initial bona fide offering thereof.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act
of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers, and controlling persons of the
registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or
II-2
<PAGE> 79
otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities
and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as
expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim
for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the
registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer, or controlling
person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit, or
proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer, or controlling person in
connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in
the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent,
submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such
indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will
be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) that for purposes of determining any liability under the
Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus
filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and
contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule
424(b)(1), or (4), or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be
part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared
effective.
(2) that for purposes of determining any liability under the
Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form
of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating
to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at
that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
II-3
<PAGE> 80
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant
has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Phoenix, State of
Arizona, on July 29, 1999.
THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS, INC.
By: /s/ JEFFREY D. BUCHANAN
------------------------------------
Jeffrey D. Buchanan
Executive Vice President
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that the persons whose signatures
appear below constitute and appoint jointly and severally, Jack L. Saltich,
Jeffrey D. Buchanan and Robert T. Berube and each one of them, as his true and
lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and
resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all
capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including pre-effective and
post-effective amendments) to this registration statement, and to sign any
registration statement and amendments thereto for the same offering pursuant to
Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, and to file the same, with all
exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the
Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and
agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and
every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith,
as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby
ratifying and confirming all which said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of
them, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do, or cause to be
done by virtue hereof.
In accordance with the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this
registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the
capacities and on the dates indicated.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
--------- ----- ----
<C> <S> <C>
/s/ JACK L. SALTICH President, Chief Executive Officer, July 29, 1999
- --------------------------------------------------- and Director (Principal Executive
Jack L. Saltich Officer)
/s/ JEFFREY D. BUCHANAN Executive Vice President -- Finance, July 29, 1999
- --------------------------------------------------- Administration, and Legal; Chief
Jeffrey D. Buchanan Financial Officer; Secretary;
Treasurer; and Director (Principal
Financial Officer)
/s/ ROBERT T. BERUBE Corporate Controller (Principal July 29, 1999
- --------------------------------------------------- Accounting Officer)
Robert T. Berube
/s/ DAVID C. MALMBERG Chairman of the Board July 29, 1999
- ---------------------------------------------------
David C. Malmberg
</TABLE>
II-4
<PAGE> 81
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
--------- ----- ----
<C> <S> <C>
/s/ GARY R. LONG Director July 29, 1999
- ---------------------------------------------------
Gary R. Long
/s/ KENNETH M. JULIEN Director July 29, 1999
- ---------------------------------------------------
Kenneth M. Julien
/s/ THOMAS H. WERNER Director July 29, 1999
- ---------------------------------------------------
Thomas H. Werner
</TABLE>
II-5
<PAGE> 82
THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS, INC.
SCHEDULE II
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS AND RESERVES
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997, AND 1998
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
BALANCE AT CHARGED TO CHARGED TO BALANCE AT
BEGINNING COSTS AND OTHER END OF
OF PERIOD EXPENSES ACCOUNTS OTHER PERIOD
---------- ---------- ---------- ------ ----------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales
returns and allowances:
Year ended 12/31/96................. $ 602 14 33(1) -- $ 649
Year ended 12/31/97................. 649 (105) 36(1) -- 580
Year ended 12/31/98................. 580 (24) (40)(1) -- 516
Inventory Reserve:
Year ended 12/31/96................. $2,767 5,939 142(2) (2,066)(3) $6,782
Year ended 12/31/97................. 6,782 1,114 -- (3,587)(3) 4,309
Year ended 12/31/98................. 4,309 (1,660) -- (1,524)(3) 1,125
</TABLE>
- ------------
(1) Actual return activity
(2) Inventory adjustments
(3) Obsolete inventory written off
S-1
<PAGE> 83
EXHIBIT INDEX
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT
NUMBER EXHIBITS
- ------ --------
<C> <S>
*1 Underwriting Agreement
2 Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Reorganization(1)
3(a) Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant(2)
3(b) Bylaws of the Company
4 Specimen Stock Certificate
*5 Opinion of O'Connor, Cavanagh, Anderson, Killingsworth &
Beshears, P.A.
*23(a) Consent of O'Connor, Cavanagh, Anderson, Killingsworth &
Beshears, P.A. (to be included in its Opinion filed as
Exhibit 5)
23(b) Consent of Arthur Andersen LLP
24 Power of Attorney of Directors and Executive Officers
(included on the signature page of this Registration
Statement)
27 Financial Data Schedule
</TABLE>
- ------------
* To be filed by amendment.
(1) Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of TF
Consolidation, Inc. (Registration No. 33-33944) as filed March 27, 1990 and
declared effective March 27, 1990.
(2) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Form 10-QSB for the quarter
ended March 31, 1994, as filed with the Commission on or about May 12, 1994.
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 3(b)
AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS
OF
THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS, INC.
A DELAWARE CORPORATION
DATED APRIL 24, 1997
<PAGE> 2
AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS
OF
THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS, INC.
ARTICLE I
OFFICES
SECTION 1.1 PRINCIPAL OFFICE. The registered office of THREE-FIVE
SYSTEMS, INC. (the "Corporation") shall be 1209 Orange Street, City of
Wilmington, County of New Castle, Delaware 19801. The name of the Corporation's
registered agent is The Corporation Trust Company.
SECTION 1.2 OTHER OFFICES. The Corporation may have offices also at the
other places within and without the State of Delaware as the board of directors
may from time to time determine or as the business of the Corporation may
require.
ARTICLE II
MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS
SECTION 2.1 PLACE OF MEETINGS. Meetings of stockholders shall be held at
the place, within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be designated from
time to time by the board of directors.
SECTION 2.2 ANNUAL MEETINGS. Annual meetings of stockholders shall,
unless otherwise provided by the board of directors, be held on the first
Wednesday in May of each calendar year, if not a legal holiday, and if a legal
holiday, then on the next full business day following, at 10:00 a.m., at which
time they shall elect aboard of directors and transact the other business as may
properly be brought before the meeting.
SECTION 2.3 BUSINESS CONDUCTED AT ANNUAL MEETINGS.
(a) Notwithstanding anything in these Amended and Restated Bylaws to the
contrary, no business shall be conducted at an annual meeting of the
stockholders except in accordance with the procedures hereinafter set forth in
this Section 2.3; provided, however, that nothing in this Section 2.3 shall be
deemed to preclude discussion by any stockholder of any business properly
brought before the annual meeting in accordance with said procedures.
(b) At an annual meeting of the stockholders, only such business shall be
conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. To be properly
brought before an annual meeting, business must be (i) specified in the notice
of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the board
of directors, (ii) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the
direction of the board of directors, or (iii) otherwise properly brought before
the meeting by a stockholder. For business to be properly brought before an
annual meeting by a stockholder, the stockholder must have given timely notice
thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation. To be timely, a
stockholder's notice must be received at the principal executive offices of the
Corporation (1) not less than 60 days in advance of such meeting if such meeting
is to be held on a day which is within 30 days preceding the anniversary of the
previous year's annual meeting, or 90 days in advance of such meeting if such
meeting is to be held on or after the anniversary of the previous year's annual
meeting, and (2) with respect to any other annual meeting of stockholders, on or
before the close of the business on the 15th day following the date (or the
first date, if there be more than one) of public disclosure of the date of such
meeting. For purposes of this Section, the date of public disclosure of the
meeting shall
<PAGE> 3
include, but not be limited to, the date on which disclosure of the date of the
meeting is made in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Services,
Associated Press, or comparable national news service, or in a document publicly
filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to
Sections 13, 14 or 15(d) (or the rules and regulations thereunder) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. A stockholder's notice to the
secretary shall set forth as to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring
before the annual meeting (A) a brief description of the business desired to be
brought before the annual meeting and the reasons for conducting such business
at the annual meeting, (B) the name, age and business and residential address,
as they appear on the Corporation's records, of the stockholder proposing such
business, (C) the class and number of shares of the Corporation that are
beneficially owned by the stockholder, and (D) any material interest of the
stockholder in such business. Notwithstanding anything in these Amended and
Restated Bylaws to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at an annual
meeting except in accordance with the procedures set forth herein.
(c) The date and time of the opening and closing of the polls for each
matter upon which the stockholders will vote at an annual meeting shall be
announced at the meeting by the person presiding over the meeting. The board of
directors of the Corporation may, to the extent not prohibited by law, adopt by
resolution such rules and regulations for the conduct of the meetings of
stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent
with such rules and regulations as adopted by the board of directors, the
chairman of any meetings of stockholders shall have the right and authority to
prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all acts as, in the
judgment of such chairman, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the
meeting. Such rules, regulations and procedures, whether adopted by the board of
directors or prescribed by the chairman of the meeting, may, to the extent not
prohibited by law, include, without limitation, the following: (i) the
establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (ii) the rules
and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those
present; (iii) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to
stockholders of record of the Corporation, the duly authorized and constituted
proxies for such other persons as the chairman of the meeting shall determine;
(iv) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the
commencement thereof; and (v) limitations on the time allotted to questions or
commencements by participants. Unless and to the extent determined by the board
of directors or the chairman of the meeting, meetings of the stockholders will
not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary
procedure.
(d) The chairman of an annual meeting shall, if the facts warrant,
determine and declare to the meeting that business was not properly brought
before the meeting in accordance with the provisions of this Section 2.3, and if
he or she should so determine, he or she shall so declare to the meeting and any
such business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted.
SECTION 2.4 NOMINATIONS FOR DIRECTORS.
(a) Notwithstanding anything in these Amended and Restated Bylaws to the
contrary, only persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures
hereinafter set forth in this Section 2.4 shall be eligible for election as
directors of the Corporation.
(b) Nomination of persons for election to the board of directors of the
Corporation may be made by the board of directors or a committee appointed by
the board of directors or by any stockholder entitled to vote in the election of
directors generally. However, any stockholder entitled to vote in the election
of directors generally may nominate one or more persons for election as a
director at a meeting only if timely written notice of such stockholder's intent
to make such nomination or
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nominations has been given, either by personal delivery or by United States
mail, postage prepaid, to the Secretary of the Corporation. To be timely, a
stockholder's notice must be received by the principal executive offices of the
Corporation: (i) not less than 60 days in advance of such meeting if such
meeting is to be held on a date that is within 30 days of the anniversary of the
previous year's annual meeting, or 90 days in advance of such meeting if such
meeting is to be held on or after the anniversary of the previous year's
previous meeting and (ii) with respect to any other annual meeting of
stockholders, on or before the close of business on the 15th day following the
date (or the first date, if there be more than one) of public disclosure of the
date of such meeting. For the purposes of this Section, the date of public
disclosure of the meeting shall include, but shall not be limited to, the date
on which disclosure of the date of the meeting is made in a press release
reported by the Dow Jones News Services, Associated Press, or comparable
national news service, or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with
the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Sections 13, 14 or 15(d) (or
the rules and regulations thereunder) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended. Each notice shall set forth: (A) the name, age and business and
residential address of the stockholder who intends to make the nomination of the
person or persons to be nominated; (B) a representation that the stockholder is
a holder of records of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting
and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the
person or persons specified in the notice; (C) a description of all arrangements
or understandings between the stockholder and each nominee and any other person
or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the nomination or
nominations are to be made by the stockholder; (D) such other information
regarding each nominee proposed by such stockholder as would be required to be
included in a proxy statement filed pursuant to the proxy rules of the
Securities and Exchange Commission, had the nominee been nominated, or intended
to be nominated, by the board of directors; and (E) the written consent of each
nominee to serve as directors of the Corporation if so elected. The chairman of
the meeting shall refuse to acknowledge any nomination of any person not made in
compliance with the foregoing procedure.
SECTION 2.5 SPECIAL MEETINGS.
(a) Special meetings of the stockholders of the Corporation for any purpose
or purposes may be called at any time by the chairman of the board of directors
or by the board of directors. Special meetings of the stockholders of the
Corporation may not be called by any other person or persons.
(b) At any time, upon written request to the secretary of the Corporation
by any person or persons authorized to call a special meeting of stockholders,
which written request shall state the purposes for the special meeting, the
secretary of the Corporation shall set the place, date and time of the special
meeting and shall deliver notice of the special meeting in accordance with
section 2.6 hereof. If the secretary fails to set the place, date and time of
the meeting or deliver the notice, the person calling the meeting may do so.
(c) Business transacted at any special meeting of stockholders shall be
limited to the purposes stated in the notice.
(d) The date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each
matter upon which the stockholders will vote at a special meeting shall be
announced at the meeting by the person presiding over the meeting. The board of
directors of the Corporation may to the extent not prohibited by law adopt by
resolution such rules and regulations for the conduct of the meeting of
stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent
with such rules and regulations as adopted by the board of directors, the
chairman of any meeting of stockholders shall have the right and authority to
prescribe such
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rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment
of such chairman, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such
rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the board of directors or
prescribed by the chairman of the meeting, may to the extent not prohibited by
law include, without limitation, the following: (i) the establishment of an
agenda or order of business for the meeting; (ii) rules and procedures for
maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (iii)
limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders of
record of the Corporation, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such
other persons as the chairman of the meeting shall determine; (iv) restrictions
on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; and
(v) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants.
Unless, and to the extent determined by the board of directors or the chairman
of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in
accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure.
SECTION 2.6 NOTICE AND PURPOSE OF MEETINGS; WAIVER.
(a) Written notice stating the place, date and time of meetings of
stockholders and, in case of a special meeting of stockholders, the purpose or
purposes for which the meeting is called, shall be delivered to each stockholder
of record entitled to vote at the meeting at his or her address of record, at
least 10 but not more than 60 days prior to the date of the meeting. If mailed,
the notice shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited in the United States
mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder at his or her address as it
appears on the records of the Corporation.
(b) No action taken at any meeting of stockholders shall be void because
the action was not specified as a purpose of the meeting in the applicable
notice of the meeting provided the meeting is not a special meeting and if, in
the notice of the meeting, it is stated that the purpose of the meeting shall
also be to consider all other matters that could properly be brought before the
meeting.
SECTION 2.7 VOTING LIST, RIGHT TO EXAMINE. The officer who has charge of
the stock ledger of the Corporation shall prepare and make, at least 10 days
before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders
entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order with the address
of and the number of voting shares registered in the name of each. The list
shall be open for 10 days to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose
germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, either at a place within
the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the
notice of meeting, or, if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to
be held, and shall be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting
during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is
present.
SECTION 2.8 ADJOURNMENTS. Any meeting of stockholders, annual or special,
may adjourn from time to time to reconvene at the same or some other place, and
notice need not be given of any such adjourned meeting if the time and place
thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the
reconvened meeting the Corporation may transact any business that might have
been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than 30
days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the reconvened
meeting, a notice of the reconvened meeting shall be given to each stockholder
of record entitled to vote at the meeting.
SECTION 2.9 QUORUM. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate
of Incorporation or these Amended and Restated Bylaws, at each meeting of
stockholders the presence in person or by proxy of the holders of shares of
stock having a majority of the votes that could be cast by the holders of all
outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote at the meeting shall be necessary
and sufficient to constitute a quorum. If, however, the quorum shall not be
present or represented at any meeting of the
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stockholders, the stockholders entitled to vote thereat, present in person or
by represented by proxy, shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time to
time in the manner provided in Section 2.8 hereof without notice other than the
announcement at the meeting that the adjournment is not for more than 30 days
and a new record date is not fixed for the adjourned meeting, until a quorum be
present or represented. If a quorum shall be present or represented at the
adjourned meeting, any business may be transacted that might have been
transacted at the original meeting. Shares of its own stock belonging to the
Corporation or to another corporation, if a majority of the shares entitled to
vote in the election of directors of such other corporation is held, directly or
indirectly, by the Corporation, shall neither be entitled to vote nor be counted
for quorum purposes; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not limit the
right of the Corporation to vote stock, including but not limited to its own
stock held by it in a fiduciary capacity.
SECTION 2.10. ORGANIZATION.
(a) The chairman of the board, or in his or her absence the president, or
in their absence any corporate vice president, shall call to order meetings of
stockholders and shall act as chairman of such meetings. The board of directors
or, if the board fails to act, the stockholders may appoint any stockholder,
director or officer of the Corporation to act as chairman of any meeting in the
absence of the board, the president, and all corporate vice presidents.
(b) The secretary of the Corporation shall act as secretary of all meetings
of stockholders, but, in the absence of the secretary, the chairman of the
meeting may appoint any other person to act as secretary of the meeting.
SECTION 2.11 VOTING.
(a) When a quorum is present at any meeting, the affirmative vote of the
holders of shares of stock having a majority of the votes that could be cast by
the holders of all shares of stock entitled to vote that are present at such
meeting, either in person or by proxy, shall decide any question brought before
the meeting, unless the question is one upon which by express provision of the
statutes, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Amended and Restated Bylaws
a different vote is required, in which case the express provision shall govern
and control the decision of the question.
(b) Subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, each
stockholder entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders shall be entitled to
one vote for each share of the capital stock having voting power held by the
stockholder.
(c) Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders may
authorize another person or persons to act for him or her by proxy, but no such
proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three years from its date, unless the
proxy provides for a longer period. A duly executed proxy shall be irrevocable
if it states that it is irrevocable and if, and only as long as, it is coupled
with an interest sufficient in law to support an irrevocable power. A
stockholder may revoke any proxy that is not irrevocable by attending the
meeting and voting in person or by filing an instrument in writing revoking the
proxy or another duly executed proxy bearing a later date with the secretary of
the Corporation.
(d) The vote on any matter, including the election of directors, need not
be by written ballot.
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SECTION 2.12 INSPECTORS OF ELECTION.
(a) Before any meeting of stockholders, the board of directors may appoint
Inspectors of election, who need not be stockholders, to act at that meeting or
any adjournment thereof. If inspectors of election are not so appointed, the
chairman of the meeting shall appoint inspectors of election upon the demand of
any stockholder or his or her proxy present at the meeting and before voting
begins. The number of inspectors of election shall be either one, or, upon
demand of a stockholder, three, as to be determined in the case of Inspectors of
election appointed by a vote of the majority of the shares of the voting common
stock of the Corporation present and entitled to vote at the meeting, whether in
person or by proxy. If there are three inspectors of election, the decision, act
or certification of a majority of those inspectors shall be effective in all
respects as the decision, act or certification of all.
(b) No person who is a candidate for an office to which the election
relates may act as an inspector of election.
(c) In case any person appointed as an Inspector of election fails to
appear or fails or refuses to act, the vacancy may be filled by appointment made
by the board of directors before the meeting is convened, or by the chairman of
the meeting during a meeting.
(d) If inspectors of election are appointed pursuant to this Section 2.12,
they shall determine the number of shares outstanding and the voting power of
each, the shares represented at the meeting, the existence of a quorum, the
authenticity, and the validity and effect of proxies. The inspectors of election
shall also receive votes or ballots, hear and determine all challenges and
questions in any way arising in connection with the right to vote, count and
tabulate all votes, determine the result, and do those other acts as may be
proper to conduct and tally the vote or election with fairness to all
stockholders.
(e) On request of the chairman of the meeting or of any stockholder or his
or her proxy, the inspectors of election shall make a report in writing of any
challenge or question or matter determined by them, and execute a certificate
setting forth any fact found by them.
SECTION 2.13 CONSENT OF STOCKHOLDERS IN LIEU OF MEETING. No action that
is required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation at
any annual or special meeting of stockholders may be effected by written consent
of stockholders in lieu of a meeting of stockholders, unless the action to be
effected by written consent of stockholders and the taking of such action by
such written consent have expressly been approved in advance by the board of
directors.
ARTICLE III
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
SECTION 3.1 POWERS. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be
managed by or under the direction of its board of directors which shall exercise
all the powers of the Corporation and do all the lawful acts and things as are
not by statute or by the certificate of incorporation or by these Amended and
Restated Bylaws directed or required to be exercised or done by the
stockholders.
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SECTION 3.2 NUMBER, TERM OF OFFICE AND VACANCIES.
(a) Subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, the
board of directors shall consist of not fewer than three nor more than 15
members. The directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of stockholders,
except as provided in this Section 3.2(b), and each director shall hold office
until his or her successor is elected and qualified or until his or her earlier
resignation or removal. Any director may resign at any time upon written notice
to the Corporation. Directors need to be stockholder.
(b) Except as otherwise provided for or fixed pursuant to the Certificate
of Incorporation, vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any
increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled only by the
affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, even
though less than a quorum. No decrease in the number of directors constituting
the board of directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director.
(c) Except as otherwise provided for or fixed pursuant to the Certification
of Incorporation, any director or the center board of directors may be removed
from office at any time, but only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of
66 2/3 percent or more of the total voting power of the then outstanding capital
shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of
directors voting together as a single class.
SECTION 3.3 ANNUAL ORGANIZATIONAL MEETING. The first meeting of each
newly elected board of directors shall be held within 30 days after the
adjournment of the annual meeting of stockholders. No notice of the meeting
shall need be given to the directors in order legally to constitute the meeting,
provided a quorum shall be present and provided the organizational meeting is
held generally at the time and at the place of the meeting of stockholders at
which the board of directors were elected. In the event the meeting is not so
held, the meeting may be held at the time and place as shall be specified in a
notice given as hereinafter provided for special meetings of the board of
directors.
SECTION 3.4 REGULAR AND SPECIAL MEETINGS. The board of directors of the
Corporation or any committee thereof may hold meetings, both regular and
special, either within or without the State of Delaware. Regular meetings of the
board of directors may be held without notice at the time and at the place as
shall from time to time be determined by the board of directors. Special
meetings of the board of directors may be called by the chairman of the board of
directors or the president, and the president or secretary shall call a special
meeting upon the request of any two directors. Notice may be given personally,
by telephone, facsimile, first class mail or telegram. If given personally, by
telephone, facsimile or telegram, the notice shall be given at least 24 hours
prior to the meeting. Notice may be given by mail if it is mailed at least five
days before the meeting. The notice need not specify the business to be
transaction.
SECTION 3.5 QUORUM; INTERESTED DIRECTORS.
(a) At meetings of the board of directors, a majority of the directors
shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and, except as set
forth in the Certificate of Incorporation or in these Amended and Restated
Bylaws, the act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which
there is a quorum shall be the act of the board of directors. If a quorum shall
not be present at any meeting of the board of directors, the directors present
thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than
announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.
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(b) No contract or transaction shall be void or voidable solely because the
contract or transaction is between the Corporation and one or more of its
directors or officers, or between the Corporation and any other corporation,
partnership, association, or other organization in which one or more of its
directors or officers are directors or officers, or have a financial interest;
nor shall any contract or transaction be void or voidable solely because the
director or officer is present at or participates in the meeting of the board of
directors or committee thereof which authorizes the contract or transaction, or
solely because his, her or their votes are counted for the purpose, if:
(i) The material facts as to his or her relationship or interest and
as to the contract transaction are disclosed or are known to the board of
directors or the committee, and the board of directors or committee in good
faith authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative vote of a
majority of the disinterested directors, even though the disinterested
directors be less than a quorum;
(ii) The material facts as to his or her relationship or interest and
as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the
stockholders entitled to vote thereon, and the contract or transaction is
specifically approved in good faith by vote of the stockholders; or
(iii) The contract or transaction is fair as to the Corporation as of
the time it is authorized, approved or ratified, by the board of directors,
a committee thereof, or the stockholders.
Common or interested directors may be counted in determining the presence of a
quorum at a meeting of the board of directors or of a committee which authorizes
the contract or transaction.
SECTION 3.6 COMMITTEES.
(a) The board of directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the
whole board, designate one or more committees of the board of directors, each
committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation, which,
to the extent provided by law and in the resolution, shall have and may exercise
the powers of the board of directors in the management of the business and
affairs of the Corporation. The committee or committees shall have the name or
names as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the board
of directors.
(b) Unless the board of directors designates one or more directors as
alternate members of any committee, who may replace an absent or disqualified
member at any meeting of the committee, the members of any committee present at
any meeting and not disqualified from voting may, whether or not they constitute
a quorum, unanimously appoint another member of the board of directors to act at
the meeting in the place of any absent or disqualified member of the committee.
At meetings of any committee, a majority of the members or alternate members of
the committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and the
act of a majority of members or alternate members present at any meeting at
which there is a quorum shall be the act of the committee.
(c) The committees shall keep regular minutes of their proceedings.
SECTION 3.7 ACTION OF DIRECTORS IN LIEU OF MEETING. Any action required
or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the board of directors or of any
committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if a written consent thereto is
signed by all members of the board or of the committee, as the case may be, and
the written consent is filed with the minutes of proceedings of the board or
committee.
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SECTION 3.8 ATTENDANCE VIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS. The members of the board
of directors or any committee thereof may participate in a meeting of the board
or committee by means of conference telephone or similar communications
equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear
each other. The participation shall constitute presence in person at the meeting
for purposes of determining a quorum and for voting.
SECTION 3.9 COMPENSATION. The directors may be paid their expenses of
attendance at each meeting of the board of directors and may be paid a fixed sum
for attendance at each meeting of the board of directors or a stated salary as
director. No payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in
any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. Members of special or
standing committees may be allowed like reimbursement and compensation for
attending committee meetings.
ARTICLE IV
NOTICE - WAIVERS - MEETINGS
SECTION 4.1 NOTICE, WHAT CONSTITUTES. Whenever written notice is required
to be given to any person under the provisions of the Certificate of
Incorporation, these Amended and Restated Bylaws, or the General Corporation Law
of the state of Delaware, as amended from time to time (the "GCL"), it may be
given to that person, either personally or by sending a copy thereof through the
mail, or by telegraph, charges prepaid, or by facsimile to his or her address
appearing on the books of the Corporation, or supplied by him or her in writing
to the Corporation for the purpose of notice. Except as otherwise expressly set
forth in the Certificate of Incorporation, these Amended and Restated Bylaws, or
the GCL, if the notice is sent by mail, it shall be deemed to have been given to
the person entitled thereto 48 hours after it is deposited in the United States
mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, or, if sent by telegraph, 24
hours after it is deposited with a telegraph office for transmission to the
person entitled thereto, or, if sent by facsimile, 12 hours after it has been
transmitted to the person, as the applicable case may be.
SECTION 4.2 WAIVER OF NOTICE.
(a) Whenever any written notice is required to be given under the
provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, these Amended and Restated
Bylaws, or the GCL, as amended from time to time, a waiver thereof in writing,
signed by the person or persons entitled to the notice, whether before or after
the time stated herein, shall be deemed equivalent to the giving of the notice.
(b) Attendance of a person (in the case of a stockholder, either in person
or by proxy) at any meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of the meeting,
except when a person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting to
the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business because the
meeting is not lawfully called or convened.
ARTICLE V
OFFICERS
SECTION 5.1 NUMBER, QUALIFICATIONS AND RESIGNATION. The officers of the
Corporation shall be chosen by the board of directors at its first meeting, and
thereafter after each annual meeting of stockholders. The officers to be elected
shall include a president, a vice president, a secretary and a treasurer. The
board of directors may also choose a chief executive officer and one or more
vice presidents and additional officers or assistant officers as it may deem
advisable. Any number of offices may be held by the same person, except the
offices of president and secretary. Officers may, but need
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not, be directors or stockholders of the Corporation. The board of directors may
elect from its membership a chairman of the board of directors and a vice
chairman of the board of directors who shall be officers of the Corporation.
SECTION 5.2 TERM OF OFFICE. The officers of the Corporation shall hold
office at the pleasure of the board of directors. Each officer shall hold his or
her office until his or her successor is elected and qualified or until his or
her earlier resignation or removal. Any officer may resign at any time upon
written notice to the Corporation. Any officer elected or appointed by the board
of directors may be removed at any time by the board of directors, with or
without cause. Any vacancy occurring in any office of the Corporation by death,
resignation, removal or otherwise shall be filled by the board of directors.
SECTION 5.3 SUBORDINATE OFFICERS, COMMITTEES AND AGENTS. The board of
directors may elect any other officers and appoint any committees, employees or
other agents as it desires who shall hold their offices for the terms and shall
exercise the powers and perform the duties as shall be determined from time to
time by the board to be required by the business of the Corporation. The board
of directors may delegate to any officer or committee the power to elect
subordinate officers and retain or appoint employees or other agents.
SECTION 5.4 THE PRESIDENT. Unless the board of directors has designated a
chief executive officer pursuant to Section 5.10 hereof, the president shall be
the chief executive officer of the Corporation, shall have general and active
management of the business of the Corporation and shall see that all orders and
resolutions of the board of directors are carried into effect. The president
shall execute on behalf of the Corporation and may affix the seal or cause the
seal to be affixed to all instruments requiring the execution, except to the
extent the signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the
board of directors to some other officer or agent of the Corporation.
SECTION 5.5 THE CORPORATE VICE PRESIDENT. Vice presidents shall only be
officers of the Corporation if they are designated as corporate vice presidents.
Each corporate vice president shall (a) act under the direction of the president
and in the absence or disability of the president shall perform the duties and
exercise the powers of the president and (b) perform the other duties and have
the other powers as the president or the board of directors may from time to
time prescribe. The board of directors may designate one or more executive
corporate vice presidents or may otherwise specify the order of seniority of the
corporate vice presidents, and in that event, the duties and powers of the
president shall descend to the corporate vice presidents in the specified order
of seniority.
SECTION 5.6 THE SECRETARY. The secretary shall act under the direction of
the president. Subject to the direction of the president, the secretary shall
attend all meetings of the board of directors and all meetings of stockholders
and record the proceedings in a book to be kept for that purpose and shall
perform like duties for the committees designated by the board of directors when
required. The secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings
of stockholders and special meetings of the board of directors, and shall
perform the other duties as may be prescribed by the president or the board of
directors or as are incident to the secretary's office. The secretary shall keep
in safe custody the seal of the Corporation, if one exists, and cause it to be
affixed to any instrument requiring it.
SECTION 5.7 THE ASSISTANT SECRETARIES. The assistant secretaries in the
order of their seniority, unless otherwise determined by the president or the
board of directors, shall, in the absence or disability of the secretary,
perform the duties and exercise the powers of the secretary. They shall
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perform the other duties and have the other powers as the president or the board
of directors may from time to time prescribe.
SECTION 5.8 THE TREASURER. The treasurer shall act under the direction of
the president. Subject to the direction of the president, the treasurer shall
have the custody of the corporate funds and securities and shall keep full and
accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the
Corporation and shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name
and to the credit of the Corporation in the depositories as may be designated by
the board of directors. The treasurer shall disburse the funds of the
Corporation as may be ordered by the president or the board of directors, taking
proper vouchers for the disbursements, and shall render to the president and the
board of directors, at its regular meetings, or when the board of directors so
requires, an account of all his or her transactions as treasurer and of the
financial condition of the Corporation. The treasurer shall perform such other
duties as may be prescribed by the president or the board of directors or as are
incident to his or her office.
SECTION 5.9 THE ASSISTANT TREASURERS. The assistant treasurers in the
order of their seniority, unless otherwise determined by the president or the
board of directors, shall, in the absence or disability of the treasurer,
perform the duties and exercise the powers of the treasurer. They shall perform
the other duties and have the other powers as the president or the board of
directors may from time to time prescribe.
SECTION 5.10 THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER. The board of directors may
designate a chief executive officer who shall perform all other duties as from
time to time may be requested of him or her by the board of directors. In the
absence of the designation, the president shall serve as the chief executive
officer.
SECTION 5.11 THE CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD. The chairman of the board of
directors, or in his or her absence, the president, shall preside at all
meetings of the stockholders and the board of directors, and shall perform all
other duties as may from time to time be requested of him or her by the board of
directors.
ARTICLE VI
CERTIFICATES OF STOCK
SECTION 6.1 ISSUANCE. The interest of each stockholder in the Corporation
shall be evidenced by certificates for shares of stock. The share certificates
of the Corporation shall be numbered and registered in the share ledger and
transfer books of the Corporation as they are issued. They shall be signed by
the president or a vice president and by the secretary or an assistant secretary
or the treasurer or an assistant treasurer, and may bear the corporate seal,
which may be a facsimile, engraved or imprinted; but where the certificate is
signed by a transfer agent or registrar, the signature of any corporate officer
upon the certificate may be a facsimile, engraved or printed. In case any
officer who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon any
share certificate shall have ceased to be an officer because of death,
resignation or otherwise before the certificate is issued, it may be issued by
the Corporation with the same effect as if the officer had not ceased to be an
officer because of death, resignation or otherwise as of the date of its issue.
SECTION 6.2 SUBSCRIPTIONS FOR SHARES. Unless the subscription agreement
provides otherwise, subscriptions for shares, regardless of the time when they
are made, shall be paid at that time as shall be specified by the board of
directors. All calls for payments on subscriptions shall carry the same terms
with regard to all shares of the same class.
11
<PAGE> 13
SECTION 6.3 TRANSFERS. Transfers of shares of the capital stock of the
Corporation shall be made on the books of the Corporation by the registered
owner thereof, or by his or her duly authorized attorney, with a transfer clerk
or transfer agent appointed as provided in Section 6.7 hereof, and upon
surrender of the certificate or certificates for the shares properly endorsed
and with all taxes thereon paid.
SECTION 6.4 SHARE CERTIFICATES. Certificates for shares of the
Corporation shall be in the form provided by statute and approved by the board
of directors. The share record books and the blank share certificate books shall
be kept by the secretary of the Corporation or by any agency designated by the
board of directors for that purpose. Every certificate exchanged or returned to
the Corporation shall be marked "Cancelled," with the date of cancellation noted
thereon.
SECTION 6.5 RECORD HOLDER OF SHARES. The Corporation shall be entitled to
treat the person in whose name any share or shares of the Corporation stand on
the books of the Corporation as the absolute owner thereof, and shall not be
bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to, or interest in, the share or
shares on the part of any other person. However, if any transfer of shares is
made only for the purpose of furnishing collateral security, and that fact is
made known to the secretary of the Corporation, or to the Corporation's transfer
clerk or transfer agent, an entry of the transfer shall record that fact.
SECTION 6.6 LOST, DESTROYED, MUTILATED OR STOLEN CERTIFICATES. The holder
of any shares of the Corporation shall immediately notify the Corporation of any
loss, destruction, mutilation or theft of the certificate therefor, and the
board of directors may, in its discretion, caused a new certificate or
certificates to be issued to him, in case of mutilation of the certificate, upon
the surrender of the mutilated certificate, or, in case of loss, destruction or
theft of the certificate, upon satisfactory proof of the loss, destruction or
theft, and, if the board of directors shall so determine, the submission of a
properly executed lost security affidavit and indemnity agreement, or the
deposit of a bond in the form and in the sum, and with the surety or sureties,
as the board of directors directs.
SECTION 6.7 TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR. The board of directors may
appoint one or more transfer agents or transfer clerks and one or more
registrars, and may require all certificates for shares to bear the signature or
signatures of any of them.
SECTION 6.8 RECORD DATE. In order that the Corporation may determine the
stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or
any adjournment thereof, or to express consent to corporate action in writing
without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other
distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in
respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any
other lawful action, the board of directors may fix, in advance, a record date,
which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing
the record date is adopted and which record date shall, unless otherwise
required by law: (a) in the case of determination of stockholders entitled to
vote at any meeting of stockholders or adjournment thereof shall not be more
than 60 nor less than 10 days before the date of such meeting; (b) in the case
of determination of stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate action
in writing without a meeting, shall not be more than 10 days from the date upon
which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board of
directors; and (c) in the case of any other action, shall not be more than 60
days prior to such other action. If no record date is fixed; (x) the record date
for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of
stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day
on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on
the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is to be held; (y) the
record date for determining stockholders entitled to express consent to
corporate action in writing without a meeting when no prior
12
<PAGE> 14
action of the board of directors is required by law, shall be the first date on
which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be
taken is delivered to the corporation in accordance with applicable law, or, if
prior action by the board of directors is required by law, shall be at the close
of business on the day on which the board of directors adopts the resolution
taking such prior action; and (z) the record date for determining stockholders
for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the
board of directors adopts the resolution relating thereto. A determination of
stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however,
that the board of directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.
ARTICLE VII
RIGHT TO INDEMNIFICATION
SECTION 7.1 RIGHT TO INDEMNIFICATION. The Corporation shall indemnify and
hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law as it presently
exists or may hereafter be amended, any person who was or is made or is
threatened to be made a party or is otherwise involved in any action, suit or
proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (a
"proceeding"), by reason of the fact that he or she or a person for whom he or
she is the legal representative, is or was a director, officer, employee or
agent of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation
as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a
partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or nonprofit entity, including
service with respect to employee benefit plans (an "indemnitee"), against all
liability and loss suffered and expenses (including attorneys' fees) reasonably
incurred by such indemnitee. The Corporation shall not be obligated to indemnify
an indemnitee (a) with respect to a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated or
brought voluntarily by such indemnitee and not by way of defense; (b) for any
amounts paid in settlement of an action indemnified against by the Corporation
without the proper written consent of the Corporation; or (c) in connection with
any event in which the indemnitee did not act in good faith and in a manner
reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the
Corporation.
SECTION 7.2 PREPAYMENT OF EXPENSES. The Corporation shall pay the
expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred by an indemnitee in defending any
proceeding in advance of its final disposition, provided, however, that the
payment of expenses incurred by a director or officer in advance of the final
disposition of the proceeding shall be made only upon receipt of an undertaking
by the director or officer to repay all amounts advanced if it should be
ultimately determined that the director or officer is not entitled to be
indemnified under this Article or otherwise.
SECTION 7.3 CLAIMS. If a claim for indemnification or payment of expenses
under this Article is not paid in full within sixty days after a written claim
therefor by the indemnitee has been received by the Corporation, the indemnitee
may file suit to recover the unpaid amount of such claim and, if successful in
whole or in part, shall be entitled to be paid the expense of prosecuting such
claim. In any such action the Corporation shall have the burden of proving that
the indemnitee was not entitled to the requested indemnification or payment of
expenses under applicable law.
SECTION 7.4 NONEXCLUSIVITY OF RIGHTS. The rights conferred on any person
by this Article VII shall not be exclusive of any other rights that such person
may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the certificate of
incorporation, these Amended and Restated Bylaws, agreement, vote of
stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.
SECTION 7.5 OTHER INDEMNIFICATION. The Corporation's obligation, if any,
to indemnify and advance expenses to any person who was or is serving at its
request as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or nonprofit entity shall be
reduced by
13
<PAGE> 15
any amount such person may collect as indemnification or advancement from such
other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or nonprofit
enterprise.
SECTION 7.6 AMENDMENT OR REPEAL. Any repeal or modification of the
foregoing provisions of this Article VII shall not adversely affect any right or
protection hereunder of any person in respect of any act or omission occurring
prior to the time of such repeal or modification.
ARTICLE VIII
AMENDMENTS
In addition to any affirmative vote required by law, any alteration,
amendment, repeal or rescission of any provision of these Amended and Restated
Bylaws may be adopted (a) by the board of directors; or (b) by the stockholders
by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66 2/3 percent of the
combined voting power of the then outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote
thereon, voting together as a single.
ARTICLE IX
MISCELLANEOUS
SECTION 9.1 RESERVES. There may be set aside out of any funds of the
Corporation available for dividends the sum or sums as the directors from time
to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve or reserves to
meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining
any property of the Corporation, or for the purchase of additional property, or
for such other purpose as the directors shall think conducive to the interest of
the Corporation, and the directors may modify or abolish any reserve.
SECTION 9.2 AUTHORIZED SIGNER. All checks or demands for money and notes
of the Corporation shall be signed by the officer or officers or the other
person or persons as the board of directors may from time to time designate by
resolution.
SECTION 9.3 FISCAL YEAR. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be
fixed by resolution of the board of directors.
SECTION 9.4 CORPORATE SEAL. The corporate seal shall have inscribed
thereon the name of the Corporation, the year of its organization and the words
"Corporate Seal, Delaware." The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile
thereof to be impressed, affixed or in any other manner reproduced.
SECTION 9.5 SEVERABILITY. If any provision of these Amended and Restated
Bylaws shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason
whatsoever, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining
provisions of these Amended and Restated Bylaws shall not in any way be affected
or impaired thereby and to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of these
Amended and Restated Bylaws shall be construed so as to give effect to the
intent manifested by the provision held invalid, illegal or unenforceable.
14
<PAGE> 16
CERTIFICATION
I hereby certify that the foregoing Amended and Restated Bylaws were
adopted at a meeting of the board of directors on April 24, 1997.
/s/ Jeffrey D. Buchanan
--------------------------------------
Jeffrey D. Buchanan, Secretary
15
<PAGE> 1
Exhibit 4
NOT MORE NOT MORE
THAN 100,000 THAN 100,000
SHARES SHARES
NUMBER SHARES
NY 3306 SPECIMEN
COMMON STOCK SEE REVERSE FOR CERTAIN DEFINITIONS
CUSIP 88554L 10 8
[GRAPHIC]
[LOGO] THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS, INC.
INCORPORATED UNDER THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
THIS CERTIFIES THAT
SPECIMEN
IS THE OWNER OF
FULLY PAID AND NONASSESSABLE SHARES OF THE COMMON STOCK,
PAR VALUE $.01 PER SHARE, OF
Three-Five Systems, Inc. transferable on the books of the Corporation by the
holder hereof in person or by duly authorized attorney, on surrender of this
certificate properly endorsed.
This certificate is not valid until countersigned and registered by the
Transfer Agent and Registrar. Witness the facsimile seal of the
Corporation and the facsimile signatures of its duly authorized officers.
CERTIFICATE OF STOCK
Dated: SPECIMEN
/s/ Jeffery D. Buchanan /s/David R. Buchanan
SECRETARY PRESIDENT, CHAIRMAN AND CEO
[THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS, INC.
INCORPORATED
1990
DELAWARE
SEAL]
COUNTERSIGNED AND REGISTERED:
THE BANK OF NEW YORK
(NEW YORK) TRANSFER AGENT
AND REGISTRAR
AUTHORIZED SIGNATURE
<PAGE> 2
THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS, INC.
The following abbreviations, when used in the inscription on the face of
this certificate, shall be construed as though they were written out in full
according to applicable laws or regulations:
TEN COM -- as tenants in common UNIF GIFT MIN ACT -- Custodian
TEN ENT -- as tenants by the ----------------
entireties (Cust) (Minor)
JT TEN -- as joint tenants with under Uniform Gifts
right of survivorship and to Minors Act
not as tenants in common -------
(State)
Additional abbreviations may also be used though not in the above list.
For Value Received, hereby sell, assign and transfer unto
PLEASE INSERT SOCIAL SECURITY OR OTHER
IDENTIFYING NUMBER OF ASSIGNEE
--------------------------------------
--------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
(PLEASE PRINT OR TYPEWRITE NAME AND ADDRESS, INCLUDING ZIP CODE, OF ASSIGNEE)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------- Shares
of the capital stock represented by the within Certificate, and do hereby
irrevocably constitute and appoint
-------------------------------------------------------------------- Attorney
to transfer the said stock on the books of the within named Corporation with
full power of substitution in the premises.
Dated ---------------------------------
X -----------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
NOTICE: THE SIGNATURE TO THIS ASSIGNMENT MUST
CORRESPOND WITH THE NAME AS WRITTEN UPON THE FACE
OF THE CERTIFICATE IN EVERY PARTICULAR, WITHOUT
ALTERATION OR ENLARGEMENT OR ANY CHANGE WHATEVER.
Signature Guaranteed
By:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
The signature(s) must be guaranteed by an eligible guarantor institution
(Banks, Stockbrokers, Savings and Loan Associations and Credit Unions with
membership in an approved signature guarantee Medallion Program), pursuant to
S.E.C. Rule 17Ad-15.
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 23(b)
[ARTHUR ANDERSEN LLP LOGO]
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
As independent public accountants, we hereby consent to the use of our report
included in this registration statement and to the incorporation by reference
in this registration statement of our report dated January 22, 1999 included in
Three-Five Systems, Inc.'s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1998 and
to all references to our Firm included in this registration statement.
/s/ Arthur Andersen LLP
Phoenix, Arizona,
July 26, 1999
<TABLE> <S> <C>
<ARTICLE> 5
<LEGEND>
THIS SCHEDULE CONTAINS SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION EXTRACTED FROM THE
UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET AT JUNE 30, 1999 AND THE RELATED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME FOR THE UNAUDITED SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30,
1999 OF THREE-FIVE SYSTEMS, INC. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES AND IS QUALIFIED IN ITS
ENTIRETY BY REFERENCE TO SUCH FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. THIS EXHIBIT SHALL NOT BE
DEEMED FILED FOR PURPOSES OF SECTION 11 OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 AND
SECTION 18 OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, OR OTHERWISE SUBJECT TO THE
LIABILITY OF SUCH SECTIONS, NOR SHALL IT BE DEEMED A PART OF ANY OTHER FILING
WHICH INCORPORATES THIS REPORT BY REFERENCE, UNLESS SUCH OTHER FILING EXPRESSLY
INCORPORATES THIS EXHIBIT BY REFERENCE.
</LEGEND>
<MULTIPLIER> 1,000
<CURRENCY> U.S. DOLLARS
<S> <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE> 6-MOS
<FISCAL-YEAR-END> DEC-31-1998
<PERIOD-START> JAN-01-1999
<PERIOD-END> JUN-30-1999
<EXCHANGE-RATE> 1
<CASH> 5,777
<SECURITIES> 0
<RECEIVABLES> 25,223
<ALLOWANCES> 633
<INVENTORY> 15,249
<CURRENT-ASSETS> 50,217
<PP&E> 55,456
<DEPRECIATION> 19,626
<TOTAL-ASSETS> 89,583
<CURRENT-LIABILITIES> 28,245
<BONDS> 13,095
0
0
<COMMON> 80
<OTHER-SE> 0
<TOTAL-LIABILITY-AND-EQUITY> 89,583
<SALES> 54,644
<TOTAL-REVENUES> 54,644
<CGS> 45,294
<TOTAL-COSTS> 54,065
<OTHER-EXPENSES> 33
<LOSS-PROVISION> 0
<INTEREST-EXPENSE> 366
<INCOME-PRETAX> 180
<INCOME-TAX> (218)
<INCOME-CONTINUING> 398
<DISCONTINUED> 0
<EXTRAORDINARY> 0
<CHANGES> 0
<NET-INCOME> 398
<EPS-BASIC> 0.06
<EPS-DILUTED> 0.06
</TABLE>
