<PAGE>
GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9
GUIDELINES FOR DETERMINING THE PROPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER TO GIVE THE
PAYER--Social Security numbers have nine digits separated by two hyphens: i.e.,
000-00-0000. Employer identification numbers have nine digits separated by only
one hyphen: i.e., 00-0000000. The table below will help determine the number to
give the payer.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
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<S> <C> <C>
GIVE THE SOCIAL
FOR THIS TYPE OF ACCOUNT: SECURITY NUMBER OF:
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1. An individual's account The individual
2. Two or more individuals The actual owner of the
(joint account) account or, if combined
funds, the first
individual on the
account (1)
3. Custodian account of a The minor (2)
minor (Uniform Gift to
Minors Act)
4.a. The usual revocable The grantor trustee (1)
savings trust account
(grantor is also
trustee)
4.b. So-called trust account The actual owner (1)
that is not a legal or
valid trust under State
law
5. Sole proprietorship The owner (3)
account
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</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
<CAPTION>
GIVE THE EMPLOYER
IDENTIFICATION
FOR THIS TYPE OF ACCOUNT: NUMBER OF:
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<S> <C> <C>
6. A valid trust, estate, The legal entity (Do
or not
pension trust furnish the identifying
number of the personal
representative or
trustee unless the
legal entity itself is
not designated in the
account title.) (4)
7. Corporate account The corporation
8. Partnership account The partnership
held in the name of the
business
9. Association, club, The organization
religious, charitable,
or other tax-exempt
organization
10. A broker or registered The broker or nominee
nominee
11. Account with the The public entity
Department of
Agriculture in the name
of the public entity
(such as a State or
local government,
school district, or
prison) that receives
agricultural program
payments
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</TABLE>
(1) List first and circle the name of the person whose number you furnish.
(2) Circle the minor's name and furnish the minor's social security number.
(3) Show the name of the owner. The name of the business or the "doing business
as" name may also be entered. Either the social security number or the
employer identification number may be used.
(4) List first and circle the name of the legal, trust, estate, or pension
trust.
NOTE: If no name is circled when there is more than one name, the number will
be considered to be that of the first name listed.
<PAGE>
GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER
IDENTIFICATION NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9
OBTAINING A NUMBER
If you don't have a taxpayer identification number ("TIN") or you don't know
your number, obtain Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Number Card, or
Form SS-4, Application for Employer Identification Number, at the local office
of the Social Security Administration or the Internal Revenue Service and apply
for a number.
PAYEES EXEMPT FROM BACKUP WITHHOLDING
Payees specifically exempted from backup withholding on all dividend and
interest payments and on broker transactions include the following:
- A corporation.
- A financial institution.
- An organization exempt from tax under section 501(a), or an individual
retirement plan, or a custodial account under section 403(b)(7).
- The United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof.
- A State, the District of Columbia, a possession of the United States, or
any subdivision or instrumentality thereof.
- A foreign government, a political subdivision of a foreign government, or
any agency or instrumentality thereof.
- An international organization or any agency, or instrumentality thereof.
- An international organization or any agency, or instrumentality thereof.
- A registered dealer in securities or commodities registered in the U.S. or
a possession of the U.S.
- A real estate investment trust.
- A common trust fund operated by a bank under section 584(a).
- An exempt charitable remainder trust, or a non-exempt trust described in
section 4947(a)(1).
- An entity registered at all times under the investment Company Act of
1940.
- A foreign central bank of issue.
Payments of dividends and patronage dividends not generally subject to backup
withholding include the following:
- Payments to nonresident aliens subject to withholding under section 1441.
- Payments to partnerships not engaged in a trade or business in the U.S.
and which have at least one nonresident partner.
- Payments of patronage dividends where the amount received is not paid in
money.
- Payments made by certain foreign organizations.
- Payments made to a nominee.
Payments of interest not generally subject to backup withholding include the
following:
- Payments of interest on obligations issued by individuals. NOTE: You may
be subject to backup withholding if this interest is $600 or more and is
paid in the course of the payer's trade or business and you have not
provided your correct taxpayer identification number to the payer.
- Payments of tax-exempt interest (including exempt-interest dividends under
section 852).
- Payments described in section 6049(b)(5) to nonresident aliens.
- Payments on tax-free covenant bonds under section 1451.
- Payments made by certain foreign organizations.
- Payments made to a nominee.
EXEMPT PAYEES DESCRIBED ABOVE SHOULD FILE THE SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9 TO AVOID
POSSIBLE ERRONEOUS BACKUP WITHHOLDING. COMPLETE THE SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9 AS
FOLLOWS:
ENTER YOUR TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, WRITE "EXEMPT" ACROSS THE FACE OF THE
FORM, SIGN, DATE, AND RETURN THE FORM TO THE PAYER.
Certain payments other than interest, dividends, and patronage dividends that
are not subject to information reporting are also not subject to backup
withholding. For details, see the sections 6041, 6041A(a), 6042, 6044, 6045,
6050A and 6050N and the regulations thereunder.
PRIVACY ACT NOTICE--Section 6109 requires most recipients of dividend, interest
or other payments to give taxpayer identification numbers to payers who must
report the payments to IRS. IRS uses the numbers for identification purposes and
to help verify the accuracy of tax returns. Payers must be given the numbers
whether or not recipients are required to file tax returns. Payers must
generally withhold 31% of taxable interest, dividend, and certain other payments
to a payee who does not furnish a taxpayer identification number to a payer.
Certain penalties may also apply.
PENALTIES
(1) PENALTY FOR FAILURE TO FURNISH TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER--If you fail
to furnish your correct taxpayer identification number to a payer, you are
subject to a penalty of $50 for each such failure unless your failure is due
to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect.
(2) CIVIL PENALTY FOR FALSE INFORMATION WITH RESPECT TO WITHHOLDING--If you make
a false statement with no reasonable basis which results in no imposition of
backup withholding, you are subject to a penalty of $500.
(3) CRIMINAL PENALTY FOR FALSIFYING INFORMATION--Willfully falsifying
certifications or affirmations may subject you to criminal penalties
including fines and/or imprisonment.
(4) MISUSE OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS--If the payer discloses or uses
taxpayer identification numbers in violation of Federal law, the payer may
be subject to civil and criminal penalties.
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTACT YOUR TAX CONSULTANT OR THE INTERNAL REVENUE
SERVICE.
