SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549-1004
FORM 8-K
CURRENT REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Date of Report
(Date of earliest event reported) April 12, 1999
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GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION
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(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
STATE OF DELAWARE 1-143 38-0572515
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(State or other jurisdiction (Commission File Number) (I.R.S. Employer
of incorporation) Identification No.)
100 Renaissance Center, Detroit, Michigan 48265-1000
3044 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan 48202-3091
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(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code (313)-556-5000
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- 1 -
ITEM 5. OTHER EVENTS
On April 12, 1999 General Motors Corporation (GM) announced that the GM
Board of Directors approved the complete separation of Delphi from GM by means
of a tax-free spin-off. GM's consolidated financial statements have been
restated to reflect Delphi as discontinued operations and were filed on April
15, 1999 on a Form 8-K dated April 12, 1999. Included as part of this Form 8-K
is GM's restated Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations that corresponds to the restated financial statements.
* * * * * *
GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations
The following management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and
results of operations (MD&A) should be read in conjunction with the Hughes
Electronics Corporation consolidated financial statements and MD&A for the
period ended December 31, 1998, included as Exhibit 99 to this Annual Report on
Form 10-K, and the Delphi Automotive Systems Corporation (Delphi) and the
General Motors Acceptance Corporation (GMAC) Annual Reports on Form 10-K for the
period ended December 31, 1998, both filed separately with the Securities and
Exchange Commission. The financial data related to Delphi is presented as
discontinued operations for all periods presented and Electronic Data Systems
Corporation (EDS) is presented as discontinued operations for 1996. Hughes
Electronics Corporation, prior to the December 17, 1997 restructuring of the
company, is hereinafter referred to as "former Hughes," and Hughes Electronics
Corporation, subsequent to the December 17, 1997 restructuring of the company,
is hereinafter referred to as "Hughes." All earnings per share amounts included
in the MD&A are reported as basic.
GM presents separate supplemental consolidating financial information for
the following businesses: Automotive, Electronics and Other Operations and
Financing and Insurance Operations.
GM's reportable operating segments within its Automotive, Electronics and
Other Operations business consist of:
. General Motors Automotive (GMA), which is comprised of four regions: GM
North America (GMNA), GM Europe (GME), GM Asia/Pacific (GMAP), and GM
Latin America/Africa/Mid-East (GMLAAM), Delphi, Hughes, and Other.
GMNA designs, manufactures, and markets vehicles primarily in North
America under the following nameplates: Chevrolet, Pontiac, GMC,
Oldsmobile, Buick, Cadillac, and Saturn. GME, GMAP and GMLAAM meet the
demands of customers outside North America with vehicles designed,
manufactured and marketed under the following nameplates: Opel,
Vauxhall, Holden, Isuzu, Saab, Chevrolet, GMC, and Cadillac.
. Hughes includes activities relating to designing, manufacturing, and
marketing advanced technology electronic systems, products, and services
for the telecommunications and space industries.
. The Other segment includes the design, manufacturing and marketing of
locomotives and heavy-duty transmissions and the elimination of
intersegment transactions.
GM's reportable operating segments within its Financing and Insurance
Operations business consist of GMAC and Other. GMAC provides a broad range of
financial services, including consumer vehicle financing, full-service leasing
and fleet leasing, dealer financing, car and truck extended service contracts,
residential and commercial mortgage services, and vehicle and homeowners
insurance. The Financing and Insurance Operations' Other segment includes
financing entities operating in Canada, Germany and Brazil.
The disaggregated financial results for GMA have been prepared using a
management approach, which is consistent with the basis and manner in which GM
management internally disaggregates financial information for the purposes of
assisting in making internal operating decisions. In this regard, certain common
expenses were allocated among regions less precisely than would be required for
standalone financial information prepared in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles (GAAP) and certain expenses (primarily certain U.S. taxes
related to non-U.S. operations) were included in the Automotive, Electronics and
Other Operations' Other segment. The financial results represent the historical
information used by management for internal decision making purposes; therefore,
other data prepared to represent the way in which the business will operate in
the future, or data prepared on a GAAP basis, may be materially different.
- 2 -
GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
In 1998, GM's consolidated income from continuing operations totaled $3.0
billion or $4.40 per share of $1-2/3 par value common stock, compared with $6.5
billion or $8.52 per share of $1-2/3 par value common stock and $4.1 billion or
$5.08 per share of $1-2/3 par value common stock in 1997 and 1996, respectively.
The 1998 financial results were impacted by charges of $228 million
after-tax, or $0.35 per share of $1-2/3 par value common stock, resulting from
GM's 1998 competitiveness studies (see Competitiveness Studies). The 1997
financial results were impacted by two significant items: a $4.3 billion
tax-free gain, or $5.91 per share of $1-2/3 par value common stock, resulting
from the December 17, 1997 completion of the strategic restructuring of former
Hughes (see Hughes Financial Review); and charges of $3.1 billion after-tax, or
$4.34 per share of $1-2/3 par value common stock, resulting from GM's 1997
competitiveness studies (see Competitiveness Studies). Excluding the impact of
these and other special items of $44 million in losses and $476 million in
income for 1998 and 1997, respectively, income was $3.3 billion, or $4.82 per
share of $1-2/3 par value common stock and $4.9 billion, or $6.40 per share of
$1-2/3 par value common stock for 1998 and 1997, respectively.
On February 5, 1999, Delphi completed an initial public offering of 100
million shares of its common stock, which represented 17.7% of its outstanding
common shares. On April 12, 1999, the GM Board of Directors approved the
complete separation of Delphi from GM by means of a tax-free spin-off in which
80.1 percent of the ownership of Delphi, 452.6 million shares of Delphi common
stock now owned by GM, will be distributed on a pro-rata basis to owners of GM
$1-2/3 par value common stock, and if GM receives a favorable ruling from the
Internal Revenue Service prior to May 14, 1999, GM will contribute the other
2.2% of Delphi shares it owns, 12.4 million shares, to a Voluntary Employee
Beneficiary Association (VEBA) trust to fund benefits to hourly retirees. If
such a ruling is not received, the additional 2.2 percent of Delphi shares held
by GM also will be distributed to GM stockholders, in which case the same record
date of May 25, 1999 and payment date of May 28, 1999 will be used.
The financial data related to GM's investment in Delphi prior to the approved
May, 1999 spin-off is classified as discontinued operations for all periods
presented. The financial data of Delphi reflect the historical results of
operations and cash flows of the businesses that were considered part of the
Delphi business segment of GM during each respective period; they do not reflect
many significant changes that will occur in the operations and funding of Delphi
as a result of the separation from GM and the IPO. The Delphi financial data
classified as discontinued operations reflect the assets and liabilities
transferred to Delphi in accordance with the terms of a master separation
agreement to which Delphi and GM are parties (the "Separation Agreement").
Delphi and Delco Electronics Corporation ("Delco Electronics"), the electronics
and mobile communication business that was transferred to Delphi in December
1997, were under the common control of GM during such periods; therefore, the
Delphi financial data include amounts relating to Delco Electronics for all
periods presented, although Delco Electronics was not integrated with Delphi
until December 1997. GM's 1998, 1997 and 1996 net income includes Delphi as a
discontinued operation. Delphi had net losses of $93 million in 1998 and net
income of $215 million and $853 million in 1997 and 1996, respectively.
Additional information regarding the spin-off of Delphi is contained in Note 23
to the GM consolidated financial statements filed on Form 8-K dated April 12,
1999.
GM completed the split-off of Electronic Data Systems Corporation (EDS) on
June 7, 1996 and, accordingly, the financial results related to EDS through the
split-off date have been reported as discontinued operations. GM's 1996 net
income, includes EDS as a discontinued operation through the June 7, 1996
split-off. EDS income totaled $10 million in 1996. Additional information
regarding the split-off of EDS is contained in Note 23 to the GM consolidated
financial statements filed on Form 8-K dated April 12, 1999.
Automotive, Electronics and Other Operations
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Highlights of financial performance by GM's Automotive, Electronics and Other
Operations business were as follows for the years ended December 31, (in
millions):
1998 1997 1996
---- ---- ----
Manufactured products sales and revenues
GMA $125,683 $134,121 $127,590
Hughes 5,964 5,128 4,009
Other 2,629 8,894 8,458
-------- -------- --------
Manufactured products sales and
revenues $134,276 $148,143 $140,057
======== ======== ========
Net income (loss)
GMA $1,634 $449 $2,337
Hughes 272 471 184
Other (279) 4,245 338
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Income from continuing operations 1,627 5,165 2,859
Discontinued operations (93) 215 863
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Net income $1,534 $5,380 $3,722
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The amounts above and the GMA and Hughes Financial Reviews that are presented
on pages 4 through 9 reflect the change in GM's organizational structure
resulting from the restructuring of former Hughes. As such, Hughes amounts
exclude Delco and Hughes Defense and Other includes Hughes Defense.
- 3 -
GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
GMA Financial Highlights
Year Ended December 31,
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1998 (1) 1997 (1) 1996 (1)
-------- -------- --------
(Dollars in Millions)
GMNA
Manufactured products sales
and revenues $94,201 $100,256 $93,382
------ ------- ------
Pre-tax income (loss) 2,409 (249) 836
Income tax expense (benefit) 787 (272) 54
Earnings of nonconsolidated associates
and minority interests 13 (35) 37
------- -- ----
GMNA income (loss) $1,635 $(12) $819
===== == ===
GME
Manufactured products sales
and revenues $25,036 $24,106 $25,528
------ ------ ------
Pre-tax income 740 256 1,053
Income tax expense 319 121 168
Earnings of nonconsolidated associates
and minority interests (2) (152) (107)
----- --- ---
GME income (loss) $419 $(17) $778
=== == ===
GMLAAM
Manufactured products sales
and revenues $7,403 $8,572 $6,723
----- ----- -----
Pre-tax (loss) income (471) 536 667
Income tax (benefit) expense (213) 43 106
Earnings of nonconsolidated associates
and minority interests 83 174 81
---- --- ----
GMLAAM (loss) income $(175) $667 $642
=== === ===
GMAP
Manufactured products sales
and revenues $2,923 $2,980 $3,001
----- ----- -----
Pre-tax (loss) income (82) (235) 63
Income tax expense (benefit) 9 (29) 32
Earnings of nonconsolidated associates
and minority interests (152) 34 79
--- ---- ----
GMAP (loss) income $(243) $(172) $110
=== === ===
GMA (2)
Manufactured products sales
and revenues $125,683 $134,121 $127,590
-------- -------- --------
Pre-tax income 2,594 279 2,600
Income tax expense (benefit) 902 (149) 353
Earnings of nonconsolidated associates
and minority interests (58) 21 90
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GMA income $1,634 $449 $2,337
===== === =====
(1)Adjustments have been made to GMA's results to reflect the impact of
adjustments to Delphi's management basis financial statements in connection
with its separation.
(2)GMA's results include eliminations of activity between GMNA, GME, GMLAAM,
GMAP.
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GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
<TABLE>
Vehicle Unit Deliveries of Cars and Trucks - GMA
<CAPTION>
Years Ended December 31,
------------------------
1998 1997 1996
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
GM as GM as GM as
a % of a % of a % of
Industry GM Industry Industry GM Industry Industry GM Industry
-------- -- -------- -------- -- -------- -------- -- --------
(Units in Thousands)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
GMNA
United States
Cars 8,184 2,459 30.0% 8,289 2,689 32.4% 8,528 2,786 32.7%
Trucks 7,787 2,150 27.6% 7,212 2,077 28.8% 6,931 2,007 29.0%
------ ----- ------ ----- ------ -----
Total United States 15,971 4,609 28.9% 15,501 4,766 30.8% 15,459 4,793 31.0%
Canada 1,427 428 30.0% 1,424 451 31.7% 1,203 381 31.7%
Mexico 664 175 26.3% 496 143 28.9% 332 89 26.8%
------ ----- ------ ----- ------ -----
Total GMNA 18,062 5,212 28.9% 17,421 5,360 30.8% 16,994 5,263 31.0%
------ ----- ------ ----- ------ -----
GME
Germany 4,036 548 13.6% 3,792 566 14.9% 3,746 581 15.5%
United Kingdom 2,546 329 12.9% 2,445 338 13.8% 2,282 328 14.4%
Other West Europe 9,737 851 8.7% 8,942 804 9.0% 8,444 780 9.2%
------ ----- ------ ----- ------ -----
Total West Europe 16,319 1,728 10.6% 15,179 1,708 11.2% 14,472 1,689 11.7%
Central/East Europe 2,828 129 4.6% 2,918 125 4.3% 2,405 100 4.2%
------ ----- ------ ----- ------ -----
Total GME 19,147 1,857 9.7% 18,097 1,833 10.1% 16,877 1,789 10.6%
------ ----- ------ ----- ------ -----
GMLAAM
Brazil 1,533 344 22.5% 1,943 410 21.1% 1,731 384 22.2%
Venezuela 174 45 25.8% 178 48 26.7% 68 16 23.5%
Other Latin America 864 129 14.9% 885 130 14.7% 784 114 14.5%
------ ----- ------ ----- ------ -----
Total Latin America 2,571 518 20.2% 3,006 588 19.6% 2,583 514 19.9%
Africa 614 81 13.2% 673 106 15.7% 681 81 11.9%
Middle East 747 54 7.2% 693 52 7.5% 664 66 10.0%
------ ----- ------ ----- ------ -----
Total GMLAAM 3,932 653 16.6% 4,372 746 17.1% 3,928 661 16.8%
------ ----- ------ ----- ------ -----
GMAP
Australia 808 157 19.5% 724 128 17.7% 651 131 20.1%
Other Asia and
Pacific 10,068 286 2.8% 12,564 447 3.6% 13,081 494 3.8%
------ ----- ------ ----- ------ -----
Total GMAP 10,876 443 4.1% 13,288 575 4.3% 13,732 625 4.6%
------ ----- ------ ----- ------ -----
Total Worldwide 52,017 8,165 15.7% 53,178 8,514 16.0% 51,531 8,338 16.2%
====== ===== ====== ===== ====== =====
</TABLE>
Years Ended December 31,
------------------------
1998 1997 1996
---- ---- ----
(Units in Thousands)
Wholesale Sales
GMNA
Cars 2,731 3,095 2,913
Trucks 2,340 2,454 2,239
----- ----- -----
Total GMNA 5,071 5,549 5,152
----- ----- -----
GME
Cars 1,882 1,708 1,673
Trucks 125 142 122
------ ------ ------
Total GME 2,007 1,850 1,795
----- ----- -----
GMLAAM
Cars 404 495 459
Trucks 248 290 244
--- --- ---
Total GMLAAM 652 785 703
--- --- ---
GMAP
Cars 202 176 199
Trucks 217 416 414
--- --- ---
Total GMAP 419 592 613
--- --- ---
Total Worldwide 8,149 8,776 8,263
===== ===== =====
- 5 -
GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
GMA Financial Review
Including $228 million and $3.0 billion of after-tax charges for 1998 and
1997, respectively, related to the competitiveness studies (see Competitiveness
Studies), GMA's income was $1.6 billion and $449 million for 1998 and 1997,
respectively. Excluding the competitiveness studies charges, GMA's income was
$1.9 billion or 1.5% of manufactured products sales and revenues and $3.5
billion or 2.6% of manufactured products sales and revenues for 1998 and 1997,
respectively. Income was $2.3 billion or 1.8% of manufactured products sales and
revenues in 1996. The decrease in 1998 income was primarily due to lower
production volumes at GMNA associated with the work stoppages at two component
plants in Flint, Michigan, as discussed below, and the economic downturn
throughout Latin America, partially offset by material and structural cost
savings.
Members of United Auto Workers Locals 659 and 651 in Flint, Michigan ceased
production at two component plants on June 5 and June 11, 1998, respectively.
Work stoppages at both facilities were resolved July 28, 1998 when tentative
agreements were reached. Both agreements were ratified by the rank and file on
July 29, 1998. Operations began to accelerate to normal production levels July
30, 1998. These work stoppages had an aggregate unfavorable after-tax impact of
approximately $1.5 billion, or $2.26 per share of GM $1-2/3 par value common
stock during 1998 that resulted from a loss of approximately 371,000 units of
production.
The increase in 1997 income compared to 1996 (excluding the competitiveness
studies charges) was primarily due to higher wholesale sales volumes, continued
improvement in the profitability of new vehicles, and lower material and
engineering costs. These factors were partially offset by higher retail
incentives, increased commercial spending to support the numerous vehicle
launches, and the unfavorable impact of approximately $240 million after-tax
related to work stoppage production losses in 1997.
Manufactured products sales and revenues for 1998 were $125.7 billion, which
represented a decrease of $8.4 billion compared with 1997. The decrease was
largely due to a lower number of wholesale units sold as a result of the
previously mentioned work stoppages and the economic downturn throughout Latin
America. Manufactured products sales and revenues for 1997 were $134.1 billion,
which represented an increase of $6.5 billion compared with 1996. The
improvement was primarily due to a 513,000 unit increase in wholesale sales
volumes.
GMA reported 1998 pre-tax income of $2.6 billion compared with $279 million
and $2.6 billion for 1997 and 1996, respectively. Excluding the $224 million and
$4.7 billion pre-tax impact of the competitiveness studies charges, GMA's
pre-tax income was $2.8 billion and $5.0 billion for 1998 and 1997,
respectively. The decrease in 1998 pre-tax income (excluding the competitiveness
studies charges) was primarily due to the impact of lower wholesale sales
resulting from the previously mentioned work stoppages and higher retail
incentives, partially offset by material, engineering and manufacturing cost
improvements. The increase in 1997 pre-tax income was primarily due to higher
wholesale sales volumes, continued improvement in the profitability of new
vehicles, and lower material and engineering costs.
GMA's 1998 worldwide market share decreased to 15.7%, compared with 16.0% and
16.2% in 1997 and 1996, respectively. The decrease in market share was primarily
due to dealer inventory shortages due to the above mentioned work stoppages at
GMNA. GMNA's 1998 market share was 28.9% compared with 30.8% and 31.0% for 1997
and 1996, respectively.
GMNA reported income of $1.6 billion for 1998 compared with a loss of $12
million and income of $819 million for 1997 and 1996, respectively. Excluding
the competitiveness studies charges, GMNA's income was $1.7 billion and $2.4
billion for 1998 and 1997, respectively. The decrease in income for 1998
compared to 1997(excluding the competitiveness studies charges) was primarily
due to the previously discussed work stoppages, minimized by strong cost
performance which more than offset price reductions driven by competitive market
pressures. The 1998 cost performance resulted from quality initiatives, material
performance and reduced structural cost. The increase in income for 1997
compared to 1996 (excluding the competitiveness studies charges) was primarily
due to a 397,000 unit increase in wholesale sales volumes, continued improvement
in the profitability of new vehicles, and lower material and engineering costs.
These factors were partially offset by higher retail incentives, increased
commercial spending to support the numerous vehicle launches in progress, and
the unfavorable impact of the work stoppages.
GME reported income of $419 million for 1998 compared with a loss of $17
million and income of $778 million for 1997 and 1996, respectively. Excluding
the competitiveness studies charge, GME's income was $471 million for 1997.
GME's results also included an after-tax charge in 1998 of $44 million related
to work schedule modifications at Opel Belgium and after-tax gains in 1997 of
$103 million related to the sale of GME's interest in Avis Europe and $55
million related to a settlement agreement with Volkswagen A.G. Excluding these
items, GME's income was $463 million and $313 million for 1998 and 1997,
respectively. The increase in 1998 adjusted earnings compared to 1997 was
primarily due to savings on material costs and policy & warranty spending, as
well as lower equity losses from Saab Automobile A.B. (Saab). The decrease in
1997 adjusted earnings compared to 1996 was primarily due to higher sales and
marketing costs under intensely competitive market conditions, and lower equity
earnings from Saab related to the launch of the new 9-5 model. The 1996
Restructuring Agreement between GM and Saab's other owners (Investor A.B.)
includes certain provisions and options which may
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GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
GMA Financial Review (concluded)
impact the relative ownership interests of the parties involved. The agreement
gives GM and Adam Opel the right to purchase up to 100% of Investor A.B.'s
interest in Saab during 1999 and 2000. Investor A.B. has the right to sell up to
50% of its present holdings in Saab to GM and Adam Opel in 2000. GM currently
maintains a 50% ownership interest in Saab.
GMLAAM reported a loss of $175 million for 1998 compared with income of $667
million and $642 million for 1997 and 1996, respectively. The decrease in 1998
earnings compared to 1997 was primarily due to the economic downturn throughout
Latin America, $51 million of after-tax charges in 1998 related to the
competitiveness studies, and higher incentive costs. The increase in 1997
earnings compared to 1996 was primarily due to an increase in wholesale sales.
The financial outlook for GMLAAM is uncertain for 1999 due to the ongoing
economic crisis in Latin America. In 1998, GMLAAM reduced employment levels by
approximately 21%, in an effort to resize the operations to the current
conditions. An additional reduction should be accomplished in 1999 by further
significant schedule adjustments. Capital spending has also been greatly reduced
to conserve cash in the region.
GMAP reported a loss of $243 million in 1998 compared with a loss of $172
million and income of $110 million for 1997 and 1996, respectively. Excluding
the competitiveness studies charges, GMAP's losses were $146 million and $2
million for 1998 and 1997, respectively. Higher losses for 1998 compared to 1997
were primarily attributable to decreased equity earnings at Isuzu resulting from
a write down of investments due to the economic downturn in Asia and continued
spending associated with GMAP's growth strategy. The decrease in 1997 earnings
compared to 1996 was due to increased spending associated with GMAP's growth
strategy and the beginning of the economic downturn in Asia.
GMA's effective income tax (credit) rate for 1998 was 34.8% compared with
(53.0)% and 13.6% for 1997 and 1996, respectively. Excluding the previously
mentioned competitiveness studies charges, the effective income tax rates for
1998 and 1997 were 34.5% and 32.3%, respectively. These adjusted rates indicated
a return to a more normalized level. The lower 1996 tax rate resulted from
research and experimentation credits in the United States, a favorable
resolution of items related to GM's 1995 tax return, and a favorable tax
position in Mexico.
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GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Hughes Financial Highlights
Years Ended December 31,
------------------------
1998 1997(1) 1996(1)
---- ---- ----
(Dollars in Millions Except Per
Share Amounts)
Revenues $5,964 $5,128 $4,009
----- ----- -----
Pre-tax income 310 734 257
Income tax (benefit) expense (45) 237 105
Minority interests 24 25 53
Losses in nonconsolidated associates (128) (72) (42)
--- ----- -----
Net income $251 $450 $163
=== === ===
Earnings used for computation of Available
Separate Consolidated Net Income (2) $272 $471 $184
Earnings per share attributable
to Class H common stock (3) $0.68 $1.18 $0.46
- ------------
(1)The 1997 and 1996 amounts relate only to the telecommunications and space
business of former Hughes to reflect the changes to GM's organizational
structure resulting from the Hughes Transactions which occurred in December
1997. See further discussion of Hughes Transactions below.
(2)Excludes amortization of GM purchase accounting adjustments of $21 million
in each of the years related to GM's acquisition of Hughes Aircraft Company
(HAC) in 1985.
(3)For 1997 and 1996, earnings per share attributable to Class H common stock
are presented on a pro forma basis. Prior to the Hughes Transactions, such
amounts were calculated based on the financial performance of former Hughes.
Since the financial highlights for 1997 and 1996 relate only to the
telecommunications and space business of former Hughes, they do not reflect
the earnings per share attributable to the former Class H common stock on a
historical basis. The pro forma presentation, therefore, presents the
financial results which would have been achieved for 1997 and 1996 relative
to the Class H common stock based solely on the performance of the
telecommunications and space business of former Hughes. See Hughes Financial
Review for further discussion.
Hughes Financial Review
On December 17, 1997, GM and former Hughes completed a series of transactions
(Hughes Transactions) that were designed to address strategic challenges facing
the three principal businesses of former Hughes (consisting of the defense
electronics, automotive electronics and telecommunications and space
businesses). The Hughes Transactions included the tax-free spin-off of the
defense electronics business of former Hughes (Hughes Defense) to holders of
GM's $1-2/3 par value and Class H common stocks, the transfer of Delco from
former Hughes to Delphi, and the recapitalization of Class H common stock into a
new GM tracking stock, Class H common stock, that is linked to the remaining
telecommunications and space business of Hughes. The Hughes Transactions were
followed immediately by the merger of Hughes Defense with Raytheon Company. The
1997 and 1996 amounts presented for Hughes relate only to the telecommunications
and space businesses of former Hughes.
Revenues increased to $6.0 billion in 1998, compared with $5.1 billion in
1997 and $4.0 billion in 1996. The 1998 revenue growth was propelled by an
increase in the DIRECTV(R) businesses due to strong subscriber growth and
average monthly revenues per subscriber, as well as low subscriber churn rates;
an increase at PanAmSat primarily from the May 1997 PanAmSat merger and
increased operating lease revenues for video, data and Internet-related
services; higher commercial satellite sales; and higher sales of DIRECTV(TM)
receiver equipment. The 1997 increase was due primarily to strong DIRECTV
subscriber growth, higher sales of commercial satellites and completion of the
PanAmSat merger.
Operating profit, excluding amortization of purchase accounting adjustments
related to GM's acquisition of HAC, was $270 million in 1998 compared with $306
million and $210 million in 1997 and 1996, respectively. Full-year 1998
operating profit margin on the same basis was 4.5% compared with 6.0% in 1997
and 5.2% in 1996. The lower 1998 operating profit and operating profit margin
were principally a result of lower sales of wireless telephone systems and
private business networks in the Asia Pacific region, as well as provisions for
estimated losses associated with uncollectible amounts due from certain wireless
customers at Hughes Network Systems. These were offset in part by the lower
operating losses at domestic DIRECTV and higher operating profit at PanAmSat.
The increase in 1997 operating profit and operating profit margin resulted
primarily from the completion of the PanAmSat merger, reduced losses in the
DIRECTV business and higher commercial satellite sales.
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GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Hughes Financial Review (concluded)
Pre-tax income was $310 million in 1998, compared with $734 million and $257
million in 1997 and 1996, respectively. The decrease in 1998 primarily resulted
from the 1997 $490 million pre-tax gain recognized in connection with the
PanAmSat merger in 1997, goodwill amortization associated with the PanAmSat
merger and a provision for uncollectible amounts due from certain wireless
customers, offset by a decrease in interest expense and an increase in interest
income. The increase in 1997 of $477 million from 1996 reflects the $490 million
pre-tax gain discussed above, the completion of the PanAmSat merger, reduced
losses in the DIRECTV business and higher commercial satellite sales. Nineteen
ninety-six included the $120 million pre-tax gain recognized from the sale of
2.5% of DIRECTV to AT&T.
The effective income tax rate for 1998 was (14.5)%, compared with 32.3% and
40.9% in 1997 and 1996, respectively. The effective income tax rate in 1998
benefited from the favorable adjustment relating to an agreement with the
Internal Revenue Service regarding the treatment of research and experimentation
costs for the years 1983 through 1995. The 1997 decrease in the effective income
tax rate was due primarily to an increase in research and experimentation
credits and the favorable resolution of certain tax contingencies.
Excluding amortization of purchase accounting adjustments related to GM's
acquisition of HAC, Hughes' earnings used for computation of available separate
consolidated net income for 1998 was $272 million compared with $471 million and
$184 million in 1997 and 1996, respectively.
In May 1998, Hughes purchased an additional 9.5% interest in PanAmSat,
increasing Hughes' ownership interest in PanAmSat to 81.0%.
In October 1998, Hughes agreed to acquire, pending regulatory approval in
Mexico, an additional ownership interest in Grupo Galaxy Mexicana, S.A. de C.V.
(GGM), a Galaxy Latin America, LCC (GLA) local operating company located in
Mexico, from Grupo MVS, S.A. de C.V. (MVS). Hughes' equity ownership will
represent 49.0% of the voting equity and all of the non-voting equity of GGM. As
part of the transaction, Hughes acquired from MVS an additional 10.0% interest
in GLA, increasing its ownership interest to 70.0% as well as an additional
19.8% interest in SurFin Ltd., increasing its ownership percentage to 59.1%.
In December 1998, Hughes agreed to acquire all of the outstanding capital
stock of United States Satellite Broadcasting Company, Inc. (USSB). USSB
provides direct-to-home premium satellite programming in conjunction with
DIRECTV's basic programming service. USSB launched its service in June 1994 and,
as of December 31, 1998, had more than two million subscribers nationwide. The
acquisition will be accounted for using the purchase method of accounting. The
purchase price, consisting of cash and GM Class H common stock, will be
determined at closing based upon an agreed-upon formula and will not exceed $1.6
billion in the aggregate. Subject to certain limitations in the merger
agreement, USSB shareholders will be entitled to elect to receive cash or shares
of GM Class H common stock. The amount of cash to be paid in the merger cannot
be less than 30% or greater than 50% of the aggregate purchase price with the
remaining consideration consisting of GM Class H common stock. The merger, which
is subject to USSB shareholder approval and the receipt of appropriate
regulatory approval, is expected to close in early to mid-1999.
In January 1999, Hughes agreed to acquire Primestar, Inc.'s (Primestar) 2.3
million-subscriber medium-power direct-to-home business. In a related
transaction, Hughes also agreed to acquire the high-power satellite assets and
direct broadcast satellite (DBS) orbital frequencies of Tempo, a wholly-owned
subsidiary of TCI Satellite Entertainment, Inc. The Primestar transaction,
pending regulatory and Primestar lender approval, is expected to close in early
to mid-1999. The Tempo transaction, pending regulatory approval, is expected to
close in mid to late-1999.
- 9 -
GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Financing and Insurance Operations
- ----------------------------------
Highlights of financial performance by GM's Financing and Insurance Operations
business were as follows for the years ended December 31, (in millions):
1998 1997 1996
---- ---- ----
Financing revenues
GMAC $12,731 $12,577 $12,644
Other 854 185 30
-------- -------- ---------
Total $13,585 $12,762 $12,674
======= ======= =======
Net income
GMAC $1,325 $1,301 $1,240
Other 97 17 1
------- ------- --------
Total $1,422 $1,318 $1,241
====== ====== ======
GMAC Financial Highlights
Years Ended December 31,
------------------------
1998 1997 1996
---- ---- ----
(Dollars in Millions)
Financing revenues
Retail and lease financing $3,869 $3,571 $3,822
Operating leases 7,233 7,260 7,215
Wholesale and term loans 1,629 1,746 1,607
----- ----- -----
Total financing revenues 12,731 12,577 12,644
Interest and discount 5,787 5,256 4,938
Depreciation on operating leases 4,693 4,677 4,627
----- ----- -----
Net financing revenue 2,251 2,644 3,079
Mortgage revenue 2,030 1,499 944
Insurance premiums earned 1,859 1,360 1,158
Other income 1,295 1,159 1,228
----- ----- -----
Net financing revenue and other 7,435 6,662 6,409
Expenses 5,498 4,448 4,332
----- ----- -----
Pre-tax income 1,937 2,214 2,077
Income tax expense 612 913 837
------ ------ ------
Net income $1,325 $1,301 $1,240
===== ===== =====
Net income from automotive financing operations $984 $910 $946
Net income from mortgage operations 115 167 102
Net income from insurance operations 226 224 192
------ ------ ------
Net income $1,325 $1,301 $1,240
===== ===== =====
GMAC Financial Review
GMAC's 1998 consolidated net income increased 2% over 1997 to $1.3 billion.
Net income from automotive financing operations totaled $984 million, up 8% from
1997. Earnings were higher due to retail asset growth, reduced credit losses and
a lower effective income tax rate, partially offset by lower net interest
margins and lower wholesale volume. Net income from insurance operations totaled
$226 million, up from the $224 million earned in 1997. Net income from mortgage
operations totaled $115 million, down from $167 million earned in 1997. Earnings
were lower primarily as a result of reduced mortgage asset values due to higher
prepayment levels.
During 1998, GMAC financed 41.8% of new GM vehicle retail deliveries in the
United States, up from 33.1% and 28.4% in 1997 and 1996, respectively. The
improvements since 1996 primarily reflect higher volumes generated through
special rate financing and lease incentive programs sponsored by GM. This
improvement was achieved amid continued competitive pressures in the automotive
financing marketplace.
- 10 -
GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
GMAC Financial Review (concluded)
GMAC's automotive financing revenue totaled $12.7 billion in 1998, compared
with $12.6 billion for both 1997 and 1996. Higher retail financing revenues in
1998 were partially offset by a decline in wholesale revenues, principally from
the reduction in average wholesale receivable balances related to the GM work
stoppages.
GMAC's worldwide cost of borrowing decreased to 5.99%, compared with 6.30%
and 6.57% in 1997 and 1996, respectively. The cost of borrowings in the United
States was 5.89% in 1998, down from 6.39% and 6.51% in 1997 and 1996,
respectively. The lower average borrowing costs since 1996 are largely a result
of a decrease in U.S. interest rates and a greater proportion of floating rate
debt compared to fixed rate debt.
Net automotive financing revenue combined with mortgage revenue, insurance
premiums, and other income increased to $7.4 billion, compared with $6.7 billion
and $6.4 billion in 1997 and 1996, respectively. The increases in 1998 and 1997
are primarily due to results from mortgage and insurance operations, partially
offset by reduced net automotive financing margins.
Expenses increased by $1.1 billion and $116 million in 1998 and 1997,
respectively. The increases during 1998 and 1997 were primarily due to higher
costs for salaries and benefits, increased insurance losses, and other operating
charges incidental to expanding mortgage and insurance business activities.
GMAC's effective income tax rate for 1998 was 31.6%, compared with 41.2% in
1997 and 40.3% in 1996. The favorable change in 1998 was primarily attributable
to lower U.S. and foreign taxes assessed on foreign source income and a
favorable change resulting from periodic assessments of state and local income
tax accruals. The unfavorable change in 1997 was primarily attributable to
increases in accruals from prior years based on periodic assessment of the
adequacy of such accruals and higher state and local income taxes.
Competitiveness Studies
The global automotive industry continues to be increasingly competitive and
is presently undergoing significant restructuring and consolidation activities.
All of the major industry participants are continuing to increase their focus on
efficiency and cost improvements, while excess capacity led to continuing price
pressures. As a result, GMNA, GME, GMLAAM, and GMAP initiated studies in 1997
concerning the long-term competitiveness of all facets of their businesses. As
market conditions continued to warrant such review, the competitiveness studies
were again completed in 1998 in conjunction with the annual business planning
cycle. Additional information regarding the competitiveness studies is contained
in Note 2 to the GM consolidated financial statements as filed on April 15, 1999
on a Form 8-K dated April 12, 1999.
Based on the results of these competitiveness studies, GM recorded pre-tax
charges against income totaling $224 million ($228 million after tax, or $0.35
per share of $1-2/3 par value common stock) in 1998 and $5.0 billion ($3.1
billion after-tax, or $4.34 per share of $1-2/3 par value common stock) in 1997.
In 1998, the pre-tax charges were comprised of $105 million ($80 million
after-tax) for GMNA, $82 million ($51 million after-tax) for GMLAAM, and $37
million ($97 million after-tax) for GMAP. Overall, these charges had the effect
of increasing 1998 cost of sales, depreciation and amortization and other
expenses by $92 million, $67 million and $65 million, respectively. In 1997, the
pre-tax charges were comprised of $3.8 billion ($2.4 billion after tax) for
GMNA, $848 million ($488 million after-tax) for GME, $174 million ($170 million
after-tax) for GMAP and $205 million ($128 million after-tax) for GM Automotive,
Electronics and Other Operations' Other segment. These charges reduced 1997 net
sales and revenues by $548 million and increased cost of sales, depreciation and
amortization, and other expenses by $1.4 billion, $3.0 billion and $72 million,
respectively. Accruals related to capacity reductions and expenses that were
part of the 1997 charges that still remain as of December 31, 1998 total $1.1
billion. Going forward, GM's future cash requirements relating to the 1998 and
1997 charges are expected to total approximately $1.3 billion over the next five
years, with over 70% evenly expended over the first three years.
The competitiveness studies charges included amounts for underperforming
assets, including both vehicle and component manufacturing assets, pursuant to
GM's policy for the valuation of long-lived assets. Future investments relating
to underperforming product lines will be expensed. Charges also include amounts
for voluntary employee separation programs, recorded when the employee accepts
the offer in accordance with GM's policy for such programs.
GM will continue to monitor the competitiveness of all aspects of its
businesses and further competitiveness studies will be undertaken when and as
market conditions warrant.
- 11 -
GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Year 2000
Many computerized systems and microprocessors that are embedded in a variety
of products either made or used by GM have the potential for operational
problems if they lack the ability to handle the transition to the Year 2000.
Because this issue has the potential to cause disruption of GM's business
operations, GM, including Delphi, has developed a comprehensive worldwide
program to identify and remediate potential Year 2000 problems in its business
information systems and other systems embedded in its engineering and
manufacturing operations. Additionally, GM has initiated communications and site
assessments with its suppliers, its dealers and other third parties in order to
assess and reduce the risk that GM's operations could be adversely affected by
the failure of these third parties to adequately address the Year 2000 issue.
One of GM's first priorities was the analysis of microprocessors used in GM
passenger cars and trucks. This review included all current and planned models
as well as the electronics in older cars and trucks produced during the period
of approximately the last 15 years. GM began installing microchips capable of
processing date information approximately 15 years ago. Most of the processors
reviewed have no date-related functionality, and accordingly have no Year 2000
issues. Of the vehicles with processors that perform date-related functions,
none have any Year 2000 issues.
GM's Year 2000 program teams are responsible for remediating all of GM's
information technology and embedded systems. Information technology principally
consists of business information systems (such as mainframe and other shared
computers and associated business application software) and infrastructure (such
as personal computers, operating systems, networks and devices like switches and
routers). Embedded systems include microprocessors used in factory automation
and in systems such as elevators, security and facility management. GM's Year
2000 program includes assessment and remediation services provided by Electronic
Data Systems Corporation (EDS) pursuant to a Master Service Agreement with GM.
The Year 2000 program is being implemented in seven phases, some of which are
being conducted concurrently:
Inventory -- identification and validation of an inventory of all systems
that could be affected by the Year 2000 issue. The inventory phase commenced
in earnest in 1996 and is substantially complete. It has identified
approximately 7,600 business information systems and about 1.7 million
infrastructure items and embedded systems.
Assessment -- initial testing, code scanning, and supplier contacts to
determine whether remediation is needed and developing a remediation plan,
if applicable. The assessment of business information systems is
substantially complete and included a determination that about one quarter
of such systems should be regarded as "critical" based on criteria such as
the potential for business disruption. The assessment of infrastructure
items and embedded systems was substantially completed by the end of 1998.
Remediation -- design and execution of a remediation plan, followed by
testing for adherence to the design. GM has substantially completed the
remediation of its critical and non-critical systems. A small number of
systems will be remediated or replaced in 1999. Unimportant systems have
been and will continue to be removed from GM's Year 2000 inventory and will
not be remediated. GM believes that it will meet its targets for Year 2000
readiness. In the normal course of its business plans, GM's Delphi
Automotive Systems unit is incrementally implementing enterprise software
that will replace and thereby eliminate the need to remediate certain
existing systems. Implementation of this software at several Delphi sites is
scheduled for completion in the first quarter of 1999, and another Delphi
site implementation is not expected to be complete until July 1999.
System Test -- testing of remediated items to ensure that they function
normally after being replaced in their original operating environment. This
phase is closely related to the remediation phase and follows essentially
the same schedule.
Implementation -- return of items to normal operation after satisfactory
performance in system testing. This phase follows essentially the same
schedule as remediation and system testing.
Readiness Testing -- planning for and testing of integrated systems in a
Year 2000 ready environment, including ongoing auditing and follow-up.
Readiness testing is currently underway. This phase commenced during the
fourth quarter of 1998 and is expected to be the major focus of the Year
2000 program throughout 1999.
- 12 -
GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Year 2000 (continued)
Contingency Planning -- development and execution of plans that narrow the
focus on specific areas of significant concern and concentrate resources to
address them. GM currently believes that the most reasonably likely worst
case scenario is that there will be some localized disruptions of systems
that will affect individual business processes, facilities or suppliers for
a short time rather than systemic or long-term problems affecting its
business operations as a whole. GM contingency planning will continue to
identify systems or other aspects of GM's business or that of its suppliers
that it believes would be most likely to experience Year 2000 problems. GM
contingency planning will also address those business operations in which a
localized disruption could have the potential for causing a wider problem by
interrupting the flow of products, materials or data to other operations.
Because there is uncertainty as to which activities may be affected and the
exact nature of the problems that may arise, GM's contingency planning will
focus on minimizing the scope and duration of any disruptions by having
sufficient personnel, inventory and other resources in place to permit a
flexible, real-time response to specific problems as they may arise at
individual locations around the world. Some of the actions that GM may
consider include the deployment of emergency response teams on a regional or
local basis and the development of plans for the allocation, stockpiling or
re-sourcing of components and materials that may be critical to our
continued production. Specific contingency plans and resources for
permitting the necessary flexibility of response are expected to be
identified and put into place commencing in mid-1999.
GM's communication with its suppliers is a focused element of the assessment
and remediation phases described above. GM is a leading participant in an
industry trade association, the Automotive Industry Action Group, which has
distributed Year 2000 compliance questionnaires as well as numerous awareness
and assistance mailings to about half of the 100,000 supplier sites that supply
GM throughout the world. Responses to these questionnaires, which were generally
sent to GM's principal suppliers, have been received from about half of the
supplier sites to which they were sent. Many of the non-responding suppliers are
communicating directly with GM on an informal basis. Additionally, GM has
initiated its own review of suppliers considered to be critical to GM's
operations, including more than 2,400 on-site assessments to date. These
assessment efforts have been substantially completed with respect to the
critical supplier sites. Based on its assessment activity to date, GM believes
that a substantial majority of its suppliers are making acceptable progress
toward Year 2000 readiness. GM has established a program to provide further
assistance to suppliers that desire more input or that are believed to be at
high risk of noncompliance as a result of the foregoing assessment efforts. This
supplier assistance program currently includes providing compliance workshops
and remediation consultants to work with suppliers on developing and
implementing their own remediation programs. GM's contingency planning efforts
described above are also expected to address any critical suppliers that GM
identifies as being at high risk of encountering Year 2000 problems.
GM is not relying entirely on the receipt of written assurances from
suppliers with respect to their Year 2000 compliance. GM is also evaluating
certain suppliers on a first-hand basis and seeking to enhance their likelihood
of full Year 2000 readiness by actively assisting them with training and
consultation regarding Year 2000 remediation projects. GM expects that
information from our suppliers, written responses and interactions with them,
will provide GM with a basis for further contingency planning and risk
management.
GM also has a program to work with its independent dealers on their Year 2000
readiness. This program includes distributing materials that assist dealers in
designing and executing their own assessment and remediation efforts. GM has
also included Year 2000 compliance criteria as part of its established program
for certifying that third-party business information systems properly interface
with other systems provided to dealers by GM.
GM's direct Year 2000 program cost is being expensed as incurred with the
exception of capitalizable replacement hardware and, beginning in 1999,
internal-use software. Total incremental spending by GM is not expected to be
material to the Corporation's operations, liquidity or capital resources.
In addition to the work for which GM has direct financial responsibility, EDS
is providing Year 2000-related services to GM, as required under the Master
Service Agreement. These services are being provided by EDS as part of normal
fixed price services and other on-going payments to EDS. GM's current forecast
is that its total direct expenditures, and the value of services performed by
EDS attributable to GM's Year 2000 program, will be between approximately $710
million and $780 million for its entire Year 2000 program. Of this amount, GM
currently expects its total Year 2000 direct spending to be between
approximately $450 million and $520 million, with peak spending occurring in the
last quarter of 1998, and early in 1999. This total direct spending estimate
includes an additional payment of $75 million that GM has agreed to pay to EDS
at the end of the first quarter of 2000 if systems remediated by EDS under the
Master Service Agreement do not cause a significant business disruption that
results in a material financial loss to GM due to the millennium change. The
estimated value of the services that EDS is required to provide to GM under the
Master Service Agreement, attributable to work being performed in connection
with GM's Year 2000 program, is approximately $335 million.
- 13 -
GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Year 2000 (concluded)
GM incurred approximately $40 million of Year 2000 expense during 1997 and
approximately $145 million in 1998, of which, $7 million and $40 million was
incurred on behalf of Delphi in 1997 and 1998, respectively. Also, the estimated
value of services provided to GM by EDS during 1997 and 1998 under the Master
Service Agreement that were attributable to work performed in connection with
GM's Year 2000 program, was approximately $260 million. Thus, the total direct
expenditures by GM, and value of Year 2000-related services performed by EDS in
1997 and 1998, attributable to GM's Year 2000 program, amounted to approximately
$445 million.
Despite the incremental Year 2000 spending expected to be incurred throughout
the Corporation, GM's current business plan projects continued declining
information technology expenses. GM's total Year 2000 costs noted above do not
include information technology projects that have been accelerated due to Year
2000, which are estimated to be approximately $30 million.
In view of the foregoing, GM does not currently anticipate that it will
experience a significant disruption of its business as a result of the Year 2000
issue. However, there is still uncertainty about the broader scope of the Year
2000 issue as it may affect GM and third parties that are critical to GM's
operations. For example, lack of readiness by electrical and water utilities,
financial institutions, government agencies or other providers of general
infrastructure could, in some geographic areas, pose significant impediments to
GM's ability to carry on its normal operations in the area or areas so affected.
In the event that GM is unable to complete its remedial actions as described
above and is unable to implement adequate contingency plans in the event that
problems are encountered, there could be a material adverse effect on GM's
business, results of operations or financial condition.
The foregoing discussion describes the Year 2000 program being implemented by
GM, including Delphi, and its consolidated subsidiaries other than Hughes.
Information about the Year 2000 efforts of Hughes can be found in Exhibit 99 to
GM's December 31, 1998 Form 10-K.
Statements made herein about the implementation of various phases of GM's
Year 2000 program, the costs expected to be associated with that program and the
results that GM expects to achieve constitute forward-looking information. As
noted above, there are many uncertainties involved in the Year 2000 issue,
including the extent to which GM will be able to successfully remediate systems
and adequately provide for contingencies that may arise, as well as the broader
scope of the Year 2000 issue as it may affect third parties that are not
controlled by GM. Accordingly, the costs and results of GM's Year 2000 program
and the extent of any impact on GM's operations could vary materially from those
stated herein.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Automotive, Electronics and Other Operations
- --------------------------------------------
Cash, marketable securities, and $3.0 billion of assets of the Voluntary
Employees' Beneficiary Association (VEBA) trust invested in fixed-income
securities, at December 31, 1998 totaled $13.1 billion compared with $16.5
billion at December 31, 1997. During 1997, GM elected to pre-fund part of its
other postretirement benefits liability, which is primarily related to
postretirement health care expenses, by creating a VEBA trust. The total VEBA
assets, which approximated $4.6 billion and $3.0 billion at December 31, 1998
and 1997, respectively, had the effect of reducing GM's postretirement benefits
liability on the consolidated balance sheet.
Net liquidity, calculated as cash and marketable securities less the total of
loans payable and long-term debt, was $1.8 billion at December 31, 1998, a
decrease of $5.3 billion from the prior year. GM previously indicated that it
had a goal of maintaining $13.0 billion of cash and marketable securities in
order to continue funding product development programs throughout the next
downturn in the business cycle. This $13.0 billion target includes cash to pay
certain costs that were pre-funded in part by VEBA contributions.
Long-term debt was $7.1 billion at December 31, 1998, an increase of
approximately $1.4 billion from the prior year. The ratio of long-term debt to
long-term debt and GM investment in Automotive, Electronics and Other Operations
was 58.1% and 38.6% at December 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively. The ratio of
long-term debt and short-term loans payable to the total of this debt and GM
investment was 61.8% and 41.3% at December 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively.
GM believes it has sufficient resources to meet anticipated future cash flow
requirements. In addition to cash flows from operations, GM and its subsidiaries
maintain substantial lines of credit with various financial institutions.
Additional information on GM's available credit facilities is contained in Note
10 to the GM consolidated financial statements as filed on April 15, 1999 on a
Form 8-K dated April 12, 1999.
- 14 -
GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Financing and Insurance Operations
- ----------------------------------
GM's Financing and Insurance Operations primarily consist of GMAC. At
December 31, 1998, GMAC owned assets and serviced automotive receivables for
others totaling $138.7 billion compared with $121.2 billion at year end 1997.
Earning assets totaled $125.1 billion and $104.0 billion at December 31, 1998
and 1997, respectively. The increase in earning assets was primarily
attributable to increases in automotive finance receivables outstanding,
operating lease assets, the investments in securities portfolio, real estate
mortgages outstanding and receivables due from GM. Cash and cash equivalents
totaled $618 million and $759 million at December 31, 1998 and 1997,
respectively.
GMAC's consolidated finance receivables, net of unearned income, totaled
$72.1 billion and $60.0 billion at December 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively. The
higher outstanding balance was primarily attributable to a $7.5 billion
worldwide increase in retail receivables, a $3.1 billion increase in U.S. and
European wholesale receivables and a $1.8 billion increase in term loans.
GMAC's liquidity, as well as its ability to profit from ongoing acquisition
activity, is in large part dependent on its access to capital and the costs
associated with raising funds in different segments of the capital markets. In
this regard, GMAC regularly accesses the short-, medium-, and long-term debt
markets, principally through commercial paper, term notes, and underwritten
issuances. GMAC's borrowings outstanding at December 31, 1998 totaled $106.2
billion compared with $86.9 billion at December 31, 1997. GMAC's ratio of debt
to stockholder's equity at December 31, 1998 was 10.8:1, up from 9.9:1 at
December 31, 1997. The higher year-to-year debt levels were principally used to
fund increased asset levels. GMAC has continued to use an asset securitization
program as an alternative funding source and has sold finance receivables that
it continues to service for a fee. The servicing portfolio of sold finance
receivables totaled $7.3 billion and $12.4 billion at December 31, 1998 and
1997, respectively.
GMAC and its subsidiaries maintain substantial bank lines of credit, which
totaled $42.9 billion and $39.8 billion at December 31, 1998 and 1997,
respectively. The unused portion of these credit lines totaled $33.2 billion at
December 31, 1998, which was $2.8 billion higher than at December 31, 1997.
Book Value Per Share
Book value per share of $1-2/3 par value common stock decreased to $20.00
from $22.37 at December 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively. Book value per share of
Class H common stock decreased to $12.00 at December 31, 1998 from $13.42 at
December 31, 1997. Book value per share was determined based on the liquidation
rights of the various classes of common stock.
Stock Repurchases
In February 1998, the GM Board of Directors (GM Board) approved a $4.0
billion stock repurchase program. Due to the previously mentioned work stoppages
during the second and third quarters of 1998, stock repurchases were temporarily
suspended as part of GM's cash conservation initiatives. The stock repurchases
were reinstated during the first quarter of 1999 and are expected to be
completed by the end of 1999. Upon completion of the $4.0 billion stock
repurchase program, GM's stock repurchases since January 1997 will total $9.0
billion. In April 1999, GM redeemed the Series B Preference Stock pursuant to
its option to do so which commenced on January 1, 1999.
CASH FLOWS
Automotive, Electronics and Other Operations
- --------------------------------------------
Net cash provided by operating activities was $8.7 billion, $9.6 billion, and
$11.8 billion in 1998, 1997, and 1996, respectively. The decrease in net cash
provided by operating activities in 1998 primarily resulted from a decrease in
cash generated from lower net income primarily due to the work stoppages
previously discussed, partially offset by lower VEBA contributions in 1998. The
decrease in net cash provided by operating activities in 1997 primarily resulted
from a $3.0 billion VEBA contribution and higher pension contributions,
partially offset by an increase in cash generated from higher net income.
Depreciation and amortization expenses increased by $3.5 billion in 1997
primarily due to the competitiveness studies charges.
- 15 -
GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Automotive, Electronics and Other Operations (concluded)
- --------------------------------------------------------
Net cash used in investing activities was relatively unchanged at $7.0 and
$7.1 billion for 1998 and 1997, respectively. The increase in cash due to the
net change in investments in other marketable securities and operating leases in
1998 was offset by the proceeds from borrowings of Hughes Defense prior to the
spin-off of Hughes Defense in 1997. Net cash used in investing activities
decreased $1.7 billion in 1997 from $8.9 billion in 1996. This decrease was
primarily due to GM's receipt of $4.0 billion in proceeds from borrowings of
Hughes Defense, partially offset by a $1.7 billion increase in investments in
companies, net of cash acquired, which primarily related to the completion of
the merger of the satellite service operations of former Hughes and PanAmSat.
These amounts were also offset by an intercompany payment from EDS prior to its
separation in 1996 and lower dividends received from GMAC in 1997.
Net cash used in financing activities was $2.8 billion, $6.6 billion, and
$1.3 billion in 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. The decrease in cash used for
financing activities in 1998 was primarily due to a $2.6 billion net increase in
loans payable and long-term debt and a decrease in cash used for stock
repurchases. Net cash used in financing activities increased $5.3 billion in
1997 compared to 1996. During 1997, GM used $3.8 billion to acquire 63.5 million
shares of $1-2/3 par value common stock. GM also used approximately $600 million
to repurchase shares of $1-2/3 par value common stock for certain employee
benefit plans during 1997. Also in 1997, net cash flows used in association with
changes in long-term debt increased by approximately $1.8 billion compared with
1996 and reflected a combination of refinancing and retirement using GM's new
commercial paper program and cash received in connection with the Hughes
Transactions.
Financing and Insurance Operations
- ----------------------------------
Cash provided by operating activities during 1998 totaled $5.6 billion, an
increase from the $4.0 billion and $4.2 billion provided during the comparable
1997 and 1996 periods, respectively. The additional operating cash flow was
primarily the result of increased mortgage activity.
Cash used for investing activities during 1998 totaled $22.6 billion,
compared with $12.1 billion and $6.5 billion during the same periods in 1997 and
1996, respectively. Cash usage increased primarily as a result of lower net
finance receivable activity and a decrease in sales of retail receivables
proceeds.
Cash provided by financing activities during 1998 totaled $17.7 billion,
compared with $8.3 billion and $2.6 billion of cash provided by financing
activities during the comparable 1997 and 1996 periods, respectively. The change
is primarily the result of increases in short- and long-term debt and lower
dividends paid to GM.
Dividends
Dividends may be paid on common stocks only when, as and if declared by the
GM Board in its sole discretion. GM's policy is to distribute dividends on its
$1-2/3 par value common stock based on the outlook and indicated capital needs
of the business. In January 1999, the GM Board declared a quarterly cash
dividend of $0.50 per share on $1-2/3 par value common stock, payable March 10,
1999. The GM Board also declared quarterly dividends on the Series B, Series D,
and Series G Depositary Shares of $0.57, $0.495, and $0.57 per share,
respectively, payable May 1, 1999. With respect to Class H common stock, which
was recapitalized on December 17, 1997, the GM Board determined that it will not
pay any cash dividends at this time in order to allow the earnings of Hughes to
be retained for investment in its telecommunications and space businesses.
Health Care Expense and Other Postretirement Benefits
The cost of postretirement medical, dental, vision, and life insurance
benefits provided to retirees and eligible dependents are recognized in the
consolidated financial statements during the period in which employees provide
services to GM. Costs for medical, dental, vision, and life insurance benefits
provided to employees during active service are expensed as incurred
(pay-as-you-go). The components of postretirement benefits expense, the U.S.
health care cost, and cash expenditures for GM's U.S. operations are set forth
below (excluding cash expenditures for Hughes' and former Hughes' non-automotive
employees, but including GMAC).
GM is committed to reducing the burden of continuing health care cost
increases. During 1997, GM elected to pre-fund part of its other postretirement
benefits liability by creating a VEBA trust to which it contributed $3 billion
of its cash reserves. In 1998, GM contributed an additional $1.7 billion to and
paid $375 million in benefits from the VEBA trust. The VEBA assets had the
effect of reducing GM's postretirement benefits liability on the consolidated
balance sheet.
- 16 -
GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Health Care Expense and Other Postretirement Benefits (concluded)
Year Ended December 31, 1998
----------------------------
Postretirement Health Pay-As-You-Go
Benefits Care Cost Cost*
-------- --------- -----
(Dollars in Millions)
GM U.S. operations health care
Postretirement medical, dental,
and vision $2,829 $2,829 $ -
Retired employees pay-as-you-go - - 2,012
Active employees pay-as-you-go - 1,717 1,717
----- ----- -----
Total health care 2,829 $4,546 $3,729
-----
Life insurance 449
Other subsidiaries - health care
and life insurance 193
-----
Total postretirement benefits
expense 3,471
Less amounts allocated to discontinued
operations 966
-----
Postretirement benefits expense for
continuing operations $2,505
=====
* Pay-as-you-go amounts for 1997 were $1.9 billion for retirees, $1.7 billion
for active employees, and $3.6 billion in total.
The master separation agreement between Delphi and GM provides in general
that GM will retain other postretirement benefit liabilities related to Delphi's
U.S. salaried employees retiring on or prior to January 1, 1999. The liabilities
related to Delphi's U.S. salaried active and inactive employees retiring after
January 1, 1999 will be assumed by Delphi. Delphi's U.S. hourly employees will
continue to participate in the postretirement plans administered by GM until
full separation from GM, and GM generally will retain postretirement benefit
obligations for U.S. hourly employees retired on or before October 1, 1999. The
amount of postretirement benefits expense allocated to Delphi for 1998
approximates $1.0 billion. Additional information related to employee benefit
arrangements affected by the Delphi separation can be found in Note 23 to the GM
consolidated financial statements as filed on April 15, 1999 on a Form 8-K dated
April 12, 1999.
GM has disclosed in its consolidated financial statements certain amounts
associated with estimated future postretirement benefits other than pensions and
classified such amounts as "accumulated postretirement benefit obligations,"
"liabilities," or "obligations." Notwithstanding the recording of such amounts
and the use of these terms, GM does not admit or otherwise acknowledge that such
amounts or existing postretirement benefit plans of GM (other than pensions)
represent legally enforceable liabilities of GM.
GM Card
GM sponsors a credit card program, entitled the GM Card program, which was
introduced in the U.S. in September 1992 and subsequently in Canada, Australia,
Brazil, Mexico, Chile and the United Kingdom. A cardholder's use of the card
generates entitlements to rebates that can be used in connection with the
cardholder's purchase or lease of a new GM vehicle.
As the sponsor of the GM Card program, GM does not provide consumer credit.
The program is used as a marketing tool to increase product sales. Independent
banks issue the GM Card and are responsible for evaluating, extending, and
funding credit to the cardholders, and are fully responsible for any credit card
losses with no recourse against GM.
In the U.S., GM Card rebates accumulate at a rate equal to 5% of all spending
for goods or services charged on the GM Card up to a maximum rebate amount of
$500 per year. The rebates, which expire in 7 years, may be applied over and
above all sales allowances in the market at the time of vehicle purchase or
lease. GM is solely responsible to cardholders for rebates. Provisions for GM
Card rebates are recorded as reductions in revenue at the time of vehicle sale.
GM has the right to prospectively modify the plan.
Rebates redeemed worldwide during 1998, 1997, and 1996 were $705 million,
$656 million, and $443 million, respectively. Cardholder rebates available
worldwide for future redemption when the cardholder purchases or leases a new GM
vehicle amounted to $3.7 billion and $3.5 billion (net of deferred program
income) at December 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively. GM anticipates that profits
from incremental sales resulting from the GM Card program, along with deferred
program income, will more than offset future rebate costs associated with the GM
Card.
- 17 -
GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Deferred Income Taxes
At December 31, 1998, GM's consolidated balance sheet included a net deferred
tax asset of approximately $17.8 billion related to net future deductible
temporary differences (see Note 6 to the GM consolidated financial statements)
in the United States of which approximately $13.8 billion related to the
obligation for postretirement benefits other than pensions. Realization of the
net deferred tax asset is dependent upon profitable operations in the United
States and future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences. Although
realization is not assured, GM believes that it is more likely than not that
such benefits will be realized through the reduction of future taxable income.
Management has carefully considered various factors in assessing the probability
of realizing this deferred tax asset including:
. The operating results of GMNA over the most recent three year period and
overall financial forecasts of book and taxable income for the 1999-2003
period. Further improvements are expected by continuing efforts to
maintain GM's competitiveness, including actions relating to reducing
material costs through global sourcing and increasing efficiency through
lean manufacturing.
. Operating results of GMAC and Hughes which generated U.S. pre-tax
income of approximately $1.8 billion, $3.3 billion, and $3.1 billion in
1998, 1997, and 1996, respectively.
. The ability to utilize tax planning, such as capitalization of research
and experimentation costs for tax purposes, so that GM does not have, and
does not expect to generate in the near future, any significant U.S.
federal tax net operating loss carryforwards.
. The extended period of time over which the tax assets can be utilized.
Postretirement benefits become tax deductions over periods up to 50
years.
. The fact that GM has never lost deferred federal tax assets due to the
expiration of a U.S. net operating loss carryforward.
Dividends received from foreign operations for U.S. federal income tax
purposes totaled approximately $3.1 billion, $2.6 billion, and $1.0 billion in
1998, 1997, and 1996, respectively.
Pensions
At December 31, 1998, GM's total worldwide net unfunded pension position
increased to $6.3 billion ($1.2 billion for the U.S. automotive qualified
hourly/salary plans and $5.1 billion for all other plans worldwide) from $5.0
billion a year ago ($0.5 billion for the U.S. automotive qualified hourly/salary
plans and $4.5 billion for all other plans worldwide). The predominant factor
contributing to the increase in the unfunded position of the U.S. automotive
qualified hourly/salary plans was a 25 basis point decline in the discount rate
used to measure the pension obligation at the end of 1998 compared to 1997
(6.75% and 7.00%, respectively). During 1998 and 1997, GM contributed $1.1
billion and $1.5 billion in cash, respectively, to its U.S. hourly pension
plans.
On an economic basis, GM continues to maintain a fully-funded status for its
U.S. hourly and salaried pension plans as of December 31, 1998. The economic
basis of measuring the U.S. hourly and salaried pension liability differs from
the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 87 basis, Employers'
Accounting for Pensions, required by GAAP, but GM believes it to be a better
measure of GM's ongoing economic exposure for pension obligations and as such
uses this as a measure to determine its funded status. The economic basis
discounts pension liabilities at the long-term asset earnings rate assumption
(currently 10.0%) rather than at a variable, year-end market rate as required by
SFAS No. 87 (currently 6.75%). In periods of low interest rates, as in the
current market environment, the SFAS No. 87 liability will generally exceed the
liability calculated on an economic basis, whereas in periods of high interest
rates the economic basis liability will generally exceed the SFAS No. 87
liability.
The master separation agreement between Delphi and GM provides generally that
pension plan assets and liabilities related to Delphi's U.S. salaried active and
inactive employees retiring after January 1, 1999 will be assumed by Delphi.
Delphi has established defined benefit pension plans for its salaried employees
under the same terms that existed for the GM plans as of January 1, 1999.
Delphi's financial data classified as discontinued operations reflect the assets
and liabilities related to U.S. salaried employees that Delphi will assume
pursuant to the master separation agreement, and exclude employee benefit
obligations and assets related to salaried employees retired on or before
January 1, 1999. Generally, Delphi's U.S. hourly employees will continue to
participate in the defined benefit pension plan for hourly workers administered
by GM until full separation from GM. Generally, Delphi will assume the pension
obligations for U.S. hourly employees who retire after October 1, 1999 and GM
will retain pension obligations for U.S. hourly employees who retire on or
before October 1, 1999. The amount of such obligations varies depending on
factors such as discount rates, asset returns, contribution levels and other
factors. The obligation attributable to Delphi classified as discontinued
operations was $2.1 billion and $1.7 billion at December 31, 1998 and 1997,
respectively. Additional information related to employee benefit arrangements
affected by the Delphi separation can be found in Note 23 to the GM consolidated
financial statements as filed on April 15, 1999 on a Form 8-K dated April 12,
1999.
- 18 -
GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Environmental Matters
GM is subject to various laws relating to the protection of the environment
including laws regulating air emissions, water discharges, waste management, and
environmental cleanup. GM is also in various stages of investigation and
remediation for sites where contamination has been alleged.
The liability for worldwide environmental cleanup was approximately $500
million and $590 million at December 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively. In future
periods, new laws or regulations, advances in technologies, additional
information about the ultimate remedy selected at new and existing sites, and
GM's share of the cost of such remedies could significantly change GM's
estimates.
The process of estimating such liabilities is complex and dependent primarily
on the nature and extent of historical information and physical data relating to
a contaminated site, the complexity of the site, the uncertainty as to what
remedy and technology will be required, the outcome of discussions with
regulatory agencies and other potentially responsible parties (PRPs) at
multi-party sites, and the number and financial viability of other PRPs.
In 1998, 1997, and 1996, GM expensed $72 million, $63 million, and $68
million, respectively, for environmental investigation, remediation, and waste
management. In addition, worldwide capital expenditures, as discussed
previously, included $83 million, $91 million, and $99 million in 1998, 1997,
and 1996, respectively, for various environmental matters.
Euro Conversion
On January 1, 1999, eleven of fifteen member countries of the European Union
established fixed conversion rates between their existing currencies and adopted
the euro as their new common currency. The euro trades on currency exchanges and
the legacy currencies remain legal tender in the participating countries for a
transition period until January 1, 2002. Beginning on January 1, 2002, euro
denominated bills and coins will be issued and legacy currencies will be
withdrawn from circulation.
GM has established plans to assess and address the impact to GM as a result
of the euro conversion. The introduction of the euro on January 1, 1999 has
increased the pace of price harmonization throughout Europe. GM has developed a
comprehensive program to identify, analyze and determine the best strategy to
address this price harmonization. GM is analyzing all aspects of its pricing
strategy to minimize any potential risk of this pricing harmonization.
In addition, the Corporation has reviewed and has made required modifications
to applicable information technology systems and contracts based on the new
currency.
GM believes the introduction of the euro does not have any material tax
consequences, and also believes it reduces its overall foreign exchange risk as
the number of currencies in which it transacts is now reduced.
GM believes that the euro conversion will not have a material adverse impact
on its financial position or results of operations.
Employment
Worldwide employment at December 31, (in thousands)
1998 1997 1996(1)
---- ---- -------
GMNA 226 237 245
GME 84 79 79
GMLAAM 24 27 23
GMAP 10 10 9
GMAC 24 21 18
Hughes 15 14 12
Other 13 10 8
---- ---- -----
Total employees 396 398 394
=== === ===
(1) Amounts have been adjusted to reflect the changes to GM's organizational
structure resulting from the restructuring of former Hughes which occurred
in December 1997. As such, Delphi adjusted amounts include Delco and Hughes
adjusted amounts exclude Delco and Hughes Defense.
- 19 -
GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
New Accounting Standards
In the first quarter of 1998, the AICPA's Accounting Standards Executive
Committee issued Statement of Position (SOP) 98-1, Accounting for the Costs of
Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use. This SOP requires that
entities capitalize certain internal-use software cost once specific criteria
are met. Currently, GM generally expenses the costs of developing or obtaining
internal-use software as incurred. GM will adopt SOP 98-1 on January 1, 1999, as
required. GM expects that under the new SOP, approximately $260 million to $320
million in spending will be capitalized in 1999 that would have otherwise been
expensed.
In the second quarter of 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board
issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 133, Accounting
for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. SFAS No. 133 requires an
entity to recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilitiies in the
statement of financial position and measure those instruments at fair value.
Gains or losses resulting from changes in the values of those derivatives would
be accounted for depending on the use of the derivative and whether it qualifies
for hedge accounting. GM plans to adopt SFAS No. 133 by January 1, 2000, as
required. GM is currently assessing the impact of this Statement on GM's
consolidated financial statements.
Forward-Looking Statements
Following are the principal important factors which may cause actual results
to differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements made by
the managements of GM, Hughes and Delphi:
. Changes in economic conditions, currency exchange rates, or political
stability in the major markets where the corporation procures material,
components, and supplies for the production of its principal products or
where its products are produced, distributed, or sold (i.e., North America,
Europe, Latin America and Asia-Pacific), including the effects of current
economic problems in Asia and political problems in the Far East.
. Shortages of fuel or interruptions in transportation systems, labor
strikes, work stoppages, or other interruptions to or difficulties in the
employment of labor in the major markets where the corporation purchases
material, components, and supplies for the production of its products or
where its products are produced, distributed or sold.
. Significant changes in the competitive environment in the major markets
where the corporation purchases material, components and supplies for the
production of its products or where its products are produced, distributed,
or sold.
. Changes in the laws, regulations, policies or other activities of
governments, agencies and similar organizations where such actions may
affect the production, licensing, distribution or sale of the corporation's
products, the cost thereof or applicable tax rates.
. The ability of the corporation to achieve reductions in cost and employment
levels, to realize production efficiencies, and to implement capital
expenditures, all at the levels and times planned by management.
. With respect to Hughes, additional risk factors include: the ability to
achieve subscriber growth in its Direct-To-Home businesses, the ability to
sustain technological competitiveness, the possible failure or delay of
planned satellite launches, access to capital and financial flexibility in
order to take advantage of new market opportunities, the ability to
complete strategic acquisition of businesses and assets, and the ability to
respond to competitive pressures and react quickly to other major changes
in the marketplace.
* * * * * *
- 20 -
GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
GM is exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency exchange rates,
interest rates and certain commodity and equity security prices. In order to
manage the risk arising from these exposures, GM enters into a variety of
foreign exchange, interest rate, and commodity forward contracts and options.
A discussion of GM's accounting policies for derivative instruments is
included in Note 1 to the GM consolidated financial statements and further
disclosure is provided in Notes 10, 11, and 12 to the GM consolidated financial
statements.
GM maintains risk management control systems to monitor foreign exchange,
interest rate, commodity and equity price risks, and related hedge positions.
Positions are monitored using a variety of analytical techniques including
market value, sensitivity analysis, and value-at-risk models. The following
analyses are based on sensitivity analysis tests which assume instantaneous,
parallel shifts in exchange rates, interest rate yield curves, and commodity and
equity prices. For options and instruments with non-linear returns, models
appropriate to the instrument are utilized to determine the impact of
sensitivity shifts.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
GM has foreign currency exposures related to buying, selling, and financing
in currencies other than the local currencies in which it operates. More
specifically, GM is exposed to foreign currency risk related to uncertainty to
which future earnings or assets and liability values are exposed due to
operating cash flows and various financial instruments that are denominated in
foreign currencies. GM's most significant foreign currency exposures relate to
Canada, Mexico, Western European countries (primarily Germany, United Kingdom,
Spain, Italy, Belgium and France), Australia, Japan and Brazil. As of December
31, 1998 and 1997, the net fair value liability of financial instruments with
exposure to foreign currency risk was approximately $3.5 billion and $1.9
billion, respectively. The potential loss in fair value for such financial
instruments from a hypothetical 10% adverse change in quoted foreign currency
exchange rates would be approximately $161 million and $190 million for 1998 and
1997, respectively.
The model assumes a parallel shift in the foreign currency exchange rates.
Exchange rates rarely move in the same direction. The assumption that exchange
rates change in a parallel fashion may overstate the impact of changing exchange
rates on assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency.
Interest Rate Risk
GM is subject to market risk from exposure to changes in interest rates based
on its financing, investing, and cash management activities. GM enters into
various financial instrument transactions to maintain the desired level of
exposure to the risk of interest rate fluctuations and to minimize interest
expense. More specifically, General Motors Acceptance Corporation (GMAC) and its
affiliates have also entered into contracts to provide commercial and retail
financing, retain mortgage servicing rights, and to retain various assets
related to mortgage securitization. Certain exchange traded future and option
contracts, interest rate caps and floors, along with various investments, have
been entered into to reduce the interest rate risk related to these activities
and manage potential prepayment activity associated with mortgage servicing
rights. The GMAC Mortgage Group (GMACMG) manages prepayment risk associated with
its capitalized mortgage servicing rights with U.S. Treasury options and
futures. Since the derivative instruments do not have identical characteristics
to the underlying mortgage servicing rights, GM is exposed to basis risk. GMACMG
mitigates this risk through a historical review of value change in various
interest rate scenarios when establishing and maintaining its hedge program. As
of December 31, 1998 and 1997, the net fair value liability of all financial
instruments held for purposes other than trading with exposure to interest rate
risk was approximately $15.9 billion and $3.7 billion, respectively. The
potential decrease in fair value resulting from a hypothetical 10% shift in
interest rates would be approximately $90 million and $214 million for 1998 and
1997, respectively. The net fair value asset of all financial instruments held
for trading purposes with exposure to interest rate risk was approximately $3.2
billion and $2.1 billion for 1998 and 1997, respectively. The potential loss in
fair value resulting from a hypothetical 10% shift in interest rates would be
approximately $84 million and $43 million for 1998 and 1997, respectively.
The SEC disclosures on market risk require that all financial instruments, as
defined by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 107,
Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments, should be included in the
quantitative disclosure calculation. Operating leases are not required to be
disclosed by SFAS No. 107, and have not been presented as part of the
sensitivity analysis. This is a significant limitation to the analysis
presented. While the sensitivity analysis will show a fair market value change
for the debt which funds GM's operating lease portfolio, a corresponding change
for GM's operating lease portfolio, which had a book value of $37.1 billion and
$33.7 billion as of December 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively, was not considered
by the model. As a result, the overall impact to the fair market value of
financial instruments from a hypothetical change in interest rates may be
overstated.
- 21 -
GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Interest Rate Risk (concluded)
There are certain shortcomings inherent to the sensitivity analyses
presented. The model assumes interest rate changes are instantaneous parallel
shifts in the yield curve. In reality, changes are rarely instantaneous.
Although certain assets and liabilities may have similar maturities or periods
to repricing, they may not react correspondingly to changes in market interest
rates. Also, the interest rates on certain types of assets and liabilities may
fluctuate with changes in market interest rates, while interest rates on other
types of assets may lag behind changes in market rates. Finance receivables are
less susceptible to prepayments when interest rates change, while prepayments on
many mortgage related instruments are directly affected by a change in interest
rates. As such, GM's model does not address prepayment risk for automotive
related finance receivables, but does consider prepayment risk for mortgage
related instruments that are highly sensitive to prepayment risk. However, in
the event of a change in interest rates, actual loan prepayments may deviate
significantly from assumptions used in the model. Further, certain assets, such
as adjustable rate loans, have features, such as annual and lifetime caps, that
restrict changing the interest rates both on a short-term basis and over the
life of the asset. Finally, the ability of certain borrowers to make scheduled
payments on their adjustable rate loans may decrease in the event of an interest
rate increase.
Commodity Price Risk
GM enters into commodity forward and option contracts. Such contracts are
executed to offset GM's exposure to the potential change in prices mainly for
various non-ferrous metals used in the manufacturing of automotive components.
The net fair value liability of such contracts, excluding the underlying
exposures, as of December 31, 1998 and 1997 was approximately $200 million and
$42 million, respectively. The potential change in the fair value of commodity
forward and option contracts, assuming a 10% change in the underlying commodity
price, would be approximately $203 million and $111 million at December 31, 1998
and 1997, respectively. This amount excludes the offsetting impact of the price
risk inherent in the physical purchase of the underlying commodities.
Equity Price Risk
GM holds investments in various available-for-sale equity securities which
are subject to price risk. The fair value of such investments, as of December
31, 1998 and 1997 was approximately $1.2 billion and $899 million, respectively.
The potential change in the fair value of these investments, assuming a 10%
change in prices would be approximately $121 million and $90 million for 1998
and 1997, respectively.
Forward-Looking Statements
The above discussion and the estimated amounts generated from the sensitivity
analyses referred to above include forward-looking statements of market risk
which assume for analytical purposes that certain adverse market conditions may
occur. Actual future market conditions may differ materially from such
assumptions because the amounts noted previously are the result of analyses used
for the purpose of assessing possible risks and the mitigation thereof.
Accordingly, the forward-looking statements should not be considered projections
by GM of future events or losses.
* * * * * *
- 22 -
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the
registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION
--------------------------
(Registrant)
Date April 21, 1999
-----------------
By
s/Peter R. Bible
-------------------------------
(Peter R. Bible,
Chief Accounting Officer)
- 23 -
