<PAGE>
Rule 424(a)
Registration No. 333-18655
Registration No. 333-18655-01
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS SUBJECT TO COMPLETION OR AMENDMENT. A +
+REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATING TO THESE SECURITIES HAS BEEN FILED WITH THE +
+SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. THESE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE SOLD NOR MAY +
+OFFERS TO BUY BE ACCEPTED PRIOR TO THE TIME THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT +
+BECOMES EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS SHALL NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR +
+THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY NOR SHALL THERE BE ANY SALE OF THESE +
+SECURITIES IN ANY STATE IN WHICH SUCH OFFER, SOLICITATION OR SALE WOULD BE +
+UNLAWFUL PRIOR TO REGISTRATION OR QUALIFICATION UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS OF +
+ANY SUCH STATE. +
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
PROSPECTUS SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JANUARY 2, 1997
1,500,000 PREFERRED SECURITIES
IFC CAPITAL TRUST I
% CUMULATIVE TRUST PREFERRED SECURITIES
(LIQUIDATION AMOUNT $25 PER PREFERRED SECURITY)
LOGO GUARANTEED, AS DESCRIBED HEREIN, BY
IRWIN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
----------
$37,500,000 % SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES
OF
IRWIN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
----------
The % Cumulative Trust Preferred Securities (the "Preferred Securities")
offered hereby represent preferred undivided beneficial interests in the assets
of IFC Capital Trust I, a statutory business trust created under the laws of
the State of Delaware ("Capital Trust"). Irwin Financial Corporation, an
Indiana corporation
(continued on next page)
Application has been made to have the Preferred Securities approved for
quotation on the Nasdaq National MarketSM under the symbol "IRWNP."
----------
SEE "RISK FACTORS" COMMENCING ON PAGE 15 FOR INFORMATION THAT SHOULD BE
CONSIDERED BY PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS.
----------
THE SECURITIES OFFERED BY THIS PROSPECTUS ARE NOT SAVINGS OR DEPOSIT ACCOUNTS,
ARE NOT OBLIGATIONS OF OR GUARANTEED BY ANY BANKING OR NONBANKING AFFILIATE
OF THE COMPANY (EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT THAT PREFERRED SECURITIES ARE GUARAN-
TEED BY THE COMPANY AS DESCRIBED HEREIN), ARE NOT INSURED BY THE FEDERAL
DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION OR ANY OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCY AND INVOLVE
INVESTMENT RISKS, INCLUDING POSSIBLE LOSS OF PRINCIPAL.
----------
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION
PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTA-
TION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRICE TO UNDERWRITING PROCEEDS TO
PUBLIC(1) COMMISSION(1) CAPITAL TRUST(2)(3)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Per Preferred Security........... $25.00 (2) $25.00
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total(4)......................... $37,500,000 (2) $37,500,000
</TABLE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Capital Trust and the Company have each agreed to indemnify the
Underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended. See "Underwriting."
(2) In view of the fact that the proceeds of the sale of the Preferred
Securities will be invested in the Subordinated Debentures, the Company has
agreed to pay the Underwriters as compensation for their arranging the
investment therein of such proceeds, $ per Preferred Security, or $
in the aggregate, ($ if the over-allotment option is exercised in
full). See "Underwriting."
(3) Before deducting expenses payable by the Company, estimated to be $175,000.
(4) Capital Trust has granted the Underwriters an option exercisable within 30
days from the date of this Prospectus to purchase up to 225,000 additional
Preferred Securities on the same terms and conditions set forth above to
cover over-allotments, if any. If all such additional Preferred Securities
are purchased, the total Price to Public and Proceeds to Capital Trust will
be $43,125,000. See "Underwriting."
----------
The Preferred Securities are offered by the Underwriters subject to receipt
and acceptance by them, prior sale and the Underwriters' right to reject any
order in whole or in part and to withdraw, cancel or modify the offer without
notice. It is expected that delivery of certificates for the Preferred
Securities will be on or about January , 1997.
STIFEL, NICOLAUS & COMPANY
INCORPORATED
January , 1997
<PAGE>
(continued from previous page)
(the "Company"), will own all the common securities (the "Common Securities"
and, together with the Preferred Securities, the "Trust Securities")
representing undivided beneficial interests in the assets of Capital Trust.
State Street Bank and Trust Company is the Property Trustee (as defined
herein) of Capital Trust. Capital Trust exists for the purpose of issuing the
Preferred Securities and investing the proceeds thereof in an equivalent
amount of % Subordinated Debentures (the "Subordinated Debentures") of the
Company. The Subordinated Debentures will mature on March 31, 2027, which date
may be (i) shortened to a date not earlier than March 31, 2002, or (ii)
extended to a date not later than March 31, 2046, in each case if certain
conditions are met (including, in the case of shortening the Stated Maturity
(as defined herein), the Company having received prior approval of the Board
of Governors of the Federal Reserve System ("Federal Reserve") to do so if
then required under applicable capital guidelines or policies of the Federal
Reserve). The Preferred Securities will have a preference under certain
circumstances with respect to cash distributions and amounts payable on
liquidation, redemption or otherwise over the Common Securities. See
"Description of the Preferred Securities--Subordination of Common Securities."
Holders of Preferred Securities are entitled to receive preferential
cumulative cash distributions, at the annual rate of % of the liquidation
amount of $25 per Preferred Security (the "Liquidation Amount"), accruing from
the date of original issuance and payable quarterly in arrears on the last day
of March, June, September and December of each year, commencing March 31, 1997
(the "Distributions"). The Company has the right, so long as no Debenture
Event of Default (as defined herein) has occurred and is continuing, to defer
payment of interest on the Subordinated Debentures at any time or from time to
time for a period not to exceed 20 consecutive quarters with respect to each
deferral period (each, an "Extended Interest Payment Period"); provided that
no Extended Interest Payment Period may extend beyond the Stated Maturity of
the Subordinated Debentures. Upon the termination of any such Extended
Interest Payment Period and the payment of all amounts then due, the Company
may elect to begin a new Extended Interest Payment Period subject to the
requirements set forth herein. If interest payments on the Subordinated
Debentures are so deferred, Distributions on the Preferred Securities will
also be deferred, and the Company will not be permitted, subject to certain
exceptions described herein, to declare or pay any cash distributions with
respect to its capital stock or debt securities that rank pari passu with or
junior to the Subordinated Debentures. DURING AN EXTENDED INTEREST PAYMENT
PERIOD, INTEREST ON THE SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES WILL CONTINUE TO ACCRUE (AND
THE AMOUNT OF DISTRIBUTIONS TO WHICH HOLDERS OF THE PREFERRED SECURITIES ARE
ENTITLED WILL ACCUMULATE) AT THE RATE OF % PER ANNUM, COMPOUNDED QUARTERLY,
AND HOLDERS OF THE PREFERRED SECURITIES WILL BE REQUIRED TO INCLUDE INTEREST
INCOME IN THEIR GROSS INCOME FOR UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX PURPOSES IN
ADVANCE OF RECEIPT OF THE CASH DISTRIBUTIONS WITH RESPECT TO SUCH DEFERRED
INTEREST PAYMENTS. A HOLDER OF PREFERRED SECURITIES THAT DISPOSES OF ITS
PREFERRED SECURITIES BETWEEN RECORD DATES FOR PAYMENTS OF DISTRIBUTIONS (AND
CONSEQUENTLY DOES NOT RECEIVE A DISTRIBUTION FROM CAPITAL TRUST FOR THE PERIOD
PRIOR TO SUCH DISPOSITION) WILL NEVERTHELESS BE REQUIRED TO INCLUDE ACCRUED
BUT UNPAID INTEREST ON THE SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES THROUGH THE DATE OF
DISPOSITION IN INCOME AS ORDINARY INCOME AND TO ADD SUCH AMOUNT TO ITS
ADJUSTED TAX BASIS IN ITS PRO RATA SHARE OF THE UNDERLYING SUBORDINATED
DEBENTURES DEEMED DISPOSED OF. See "Description of the Subordinated
Debentures--Option to Extend Interest Payment Period," "Certain Federal Income
Tax Consequences--Potential Extension of Interest Payment Period and Original
Issue Discount" and "--Dispositions of Preferred Securities."
The Company and Capital Trust believe that, taken together, the obligations
of the Company under the Guarantee, the Trust Agreement, the Subordinated
Debentures, the Indenture and the Expense Agreement (each as defined herein),
provide, in the aggregate, a full, irrevocable and unconditional guaranty, on
a subordinated basis, of all of the obligations of Capital Trust under the
Preferred Securities. See "Relationship Among the Preferred Securities, the
Subordinated Debentures and the Guarantee--Full and Unconditional Guarantee."
The Guarantee of the Company guarantees the payment of Distributions and
payments on liquidation or redemption of the Preferred Securities, but only in
each case to the extent of funds held by Capital Trust, as described herein.
See "Description of the Guarantee--General." If the Company does not make
interest payments on the Subordinated Debentures held by Capital Trust,
Capital Trust will have insufficient funds to pay Distributions on
(continued on next page)
2
<PAGE>
(continued from previous page)
the Preferred Securities. The Guarantee does not cover payments of
Distributions when Capital Trust does not have sufficient funds to pay such
Distributions. In such event, a holder of Preferred Securities may institute a
legal proceeding directly against the Company pursuant to the terms of the
Indenture to enforce payments of amounts equal to such Distributions to such
holder. See "Description of the Subordinated Debentures--Enforcement of
Certain Rights by Holders of the Preferred Securities." The obligations of the
Company under the Guarantee and the Preferred Securities are subordinate and
junior in right of payment to all Senior Debt, Subordinated Debt and
Additional Senior Obligations (each as defined herein) of the Company. The
Subordinated Debentures are unsecured obligations of the Company and are
subordinated to all Senior Debt, Subordinated Debt and Additional Senior
Obligations of the Company.
The Preferred Securities are subject to mandatory redemption, in whole or in
part, upon repayment of the Subordinated Debentures at maturity or their
earlier redemption. Subject to Federal Reserve approval, if then required
under applicable capital guidelines or policies of the Federal Reserve, the
Subordinated Debentures are redeemable prior to maturity at the option of the
Company (i) on or after March 31, 2002, in whole at any time or in part from
time to time, or (ii) at any time, in whole (but not in part), within 180 days
following the occurrence of a Tax Event or an Investment Company Event (each
as defined herein), in each case at a redemption price equal to the accrued
and unpaid interest on the Subordinated Debentures so redeemed to the date
fixed for redemption, plus 100% of the principal amount thereof. See
"Description of the Preferred Securities--Redemption or Exchange."
The Company has the right at any time to dissolve, wind-up or terminate
Capital Trust subject to the Company having received prior approval of the
Federal Reserve to do so if then required under applicable capital guidelines
or policies of the Federal Reserve. In the event of the voluntary or
involuntary dissolution, winding up or termination of Capital Trust, after
satisfaction of liabilities to creditors of Capital Trust as required by
applicable law, the holders of Preferred Securities will be entitled to
receive a Liquidation Amount of $25 per Preferred Security, plus accumulated
and unpaid Distributions thereon to the date of payment, which may be in the
form of a distribution of such amount of a Subordinated Debenture having an
aggregate principal amount equal to the Liquidation Amount of such Preferred
Securities (and carrying with it accumulated interest in an amount equal to
the accumulated and unpaid Distributions then due on such Preferred
Securities), subject to certain exceptions. See "Description of the Preferred
Securities--Redemption or Exchange" and "--Liquidation Distribution Upon
Termination."
----------------
The Company will make available to the holders of the Preferred Securities
quarterly reports containing unaudited financial information and annual
reports containing financial statements audited by the Company's independent
auditors to the same extent provided to holders of the Company's Common Stock.
The Company will also furnish annual reports on Form 10-K and quarterly
reports on Form 10-Q free of charge to holders of the Preferred Securities who
so request in writing addressed to the Secretary of the Company.
----------------
IN CONNECTION WITH THIS OFFERING, THE UNDERWRITERS MAY OVER-ALLOT OR EFFECT
TRANSACTIONS WHICH STABILIZE OR MAINTAIN THE MARKET PRICE OF THE PREFERRED
SECURITIES OFFERED HEREBY AT A LEVEL ABOVE THAT WHICH MIGHT OTHERWISE PREVAIL
IN THE OPEN MARKET. SUCH STABILIZING, IF COMMENCED, MAY BE DISCONTINUED AT ANY
TIME.
3
<PAGE>
LOGO
4
<PAGE>
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
The following summary is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed
information appearing elsewhere in this Prospectus. Unless otherwise indicated,
the information in this Prospectus assumes that the Underwriters' over-
allotment option will not be exercised. Prospective investors should carefully
consider the information set forth under the heading "RISK FACTORS."
THE COMPANY
The Company is a diversified financial services company organized as an
Indiana bank holding company. The Company is engaged in several interrelated
lines of business, the most significant ones of which include: mortgage
banking, commercial banking, home equity lending and equipment leasing. As an
interrelated group of specialized financial services companies, the Company has
implemented a business strategy which focuses on serving selected markets and
optimizing the productivity of its capital base.
The four principal components of the Company's strategy are:
. EMPHASIZE SPECIALIZED FINANCIAL SERVICES. The delivery of financial
services to consumer and commercial customers is the principal set of
skills which unites the activities of the Company. Having evolved from
a base in commercial banking, the core competencies of the Company's
employees are in financial services. The Company continually seeks
opportunities to leverage such core competencies. Diversification
opportunities are evaluated on the basis of whether the Company's
skills provide the requisite foundation for potential success in the
proposed new business.
. MANAGE AN INTERRELATED FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP. The Company employs
functional reporting and decentralized management in the operation of
its businesses. Each of the Company's operating companies has its own
management team and sets individual performance targets, normally on
the basis of return on equity. This structure allows the senior
management of each line of business to focus their efforts on
understanding their customers and meeting the needs of the markets
they serve. The Company believes this approach promotes creativity,
responsiveness, motivation, and accountability among the managers of
each enterprise.
At the same time, the Company works actively to capture the synergies
available from operating companies as part of an interrelated group.
For example, the program through which Irwin Union Bank and Trust
Company (the "Bank") invests temporarily in mortgages held for sale
and originated by the Company's mortgage banking subsidiary, Inland
Mortgage Corporation ("Inland"), is combined with the results of
Inland to make up the "mortgage banking" line of business for
management and reporting purposes. This program--and similar ones
between the Bank and the Company's home equity lending and equipment
leasing subsidiaries--gives the Company a lower net cost of funds with
which to compete in geographically diverse markets and a reliable
source of financing for its growth.
. TARGET SELECTED MARKETS. The ability to focus on defensible market
segments where a sustainable competitive advantage can be created is
another important concept in the Company's strategy. In the financial
services marketplace, small competitors can be at a significant
disadvantage against large regional and national providers unless they
are able to identify a target market and differentiate their product
offering. In the strategic plans of each line of business, the Company
follows a discipline of defining, as clearly as possible, the market
served and the basis on which it differentiates its service and
product offerings to that market.
5
<PAGE>
. OPTIMIZE THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE COMPANY'S CAPITAL BASE. As a bank
holding company, the Company is regulated with a focus on various
ratios of equity to assets, primarily for the consolidated corporation
and the Bank on a stand-alone basis. Therefore, the size of
shareholders' equity limits the amount of assets the Company can carry
on its balance sheet if it is to maintain an adequate cushion above
the minimum regulatory capital standards. Accordingly, the Company
seeks to balance growth between: (i) businesses that require it to
carry assets on its balance sheet (and are, therefore, capital-
intensive), and (ii) businesses that produce additional revenues and
profits without adding proportionately to asset size (less capital-
intensive opportunities).
The Company's activities are conducted principally through its subsidiaries,
Inland, the Bank, Irwin Home Equity Corporation ("Home Equity") and Affiliated
Capital Corp. ("Affiliated"). At September 30, 1996, the Company had
consolidated assets of $1.2 billion. The Company had total revenues of $143.5
million for the nine month period ended September 30, 1996. The following table
sets forth information illustrating the revenues earned by each of the
Company's four principal subsidiaries for the nine month period ended September
30, 1996:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
% OF
BUSINESS REVENUE TOTAL REVENUE
-------- -------- -------------
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C>
Mortgage banking.................................... $112,300 78%
Commercial banking.................................. 19,600 14%
Home equity lending................................. 7,000 5%
Equipment leasing................................... 3,200 2%
</TABLE>
As a result of its emphasis on mortgage banking, a much larger proportion of
the Company's revenues are derived from fee income (77% in the first nine
months of 1996) and a lesser proportion from net interest income (23% in the
first nine months of 1996). The Company has averaged 22.97% return on average
equity over the past five years. The compound annual growth rate on net income
and net income per share as shown in the table below was 31.8% and 31.2%,
respectively.
The following table sets forth certain financial information for the Company
and illustrates the financial strength and earnings capacity of the Company
over the last five years.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NINE MONTHS ENDED
SEPTEMBER 30, YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------
1996 1995 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991
----------- ---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net income.............. $ 15,519 $ 14,785 $ 20,083 $ 18,216 $ 15,588 $ 12,866 $ 6,651
Net income per share.... 1.33 1.29 1.75 1.55 1.33 1.12 0.59
Shareholders' equity.... 112,611 93,531 99,216 81,104 70,093 55,343 42,478
Mortgage originations... 3,803,631 2,419,012 3,559,310 2,812,962 4,273,933 3,441,347 1,926,841
Mortgage servicing port-
folio.................. 10,875,458 9,684,199 10,301,914 8,818,502 7,922,299 5,470,505 2,990,808
Return on average equi-
ty..................... 19.47% 22.92% 22.60% 23.91% 24.91% 26.51% 16.93%
Return on average as-
sets................... 1.80% 2.40% 2.28% 2.43% 2.15% 1.97% 1.30%
</TABLE>
PRINCIPAL OPERATING SUBSIDIARIES
Mortgage Banking. Inland originates, purchases and services conventional and
government agency backed (i.e., FHA and VA) residential mortgage loans. Inland
generates assets for sale in the secondary markets and services such assets for
investors. Substantially all mortgages are either insured by an agency of the
federal government, or in the case of a conventional mortgage, meet the
requirements for resale to the Federal National Mortgage Association or the
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation. At September 30, 1996, Inland operated
101 production offices in 27 states and had an owned mortgage servicing
portfolio of $10.9 billion and
6
<PAGE>
capitalized mortgage servicing rights valued at $67.0 million. In the mortgage
banking business, the Company's strategy is to originate, package, distribute
and service financial assets rather than hold these assets to maturity.
Commercial Banking. The Bank, organized in 1871, is a full-service commercial
bank headquartered in Columbus, Indiana. It operates through 15 locations in
six south central Indiana counties. The Bank offers a wide variety of financial
products and services, including insurance agency services, retail brokerage
services and trust services, to individual, business, institutional, and
governmental customers. At September 30, 1996, the Bank held total assets,
loans and shareholders' equity of $451.2 million, $346.1 million and $32.6
million, respectively. Commercial banking is the Company's most capital-
intensive business. The Company has chosen to concentrate its banking efforts
in the non-metropolitan markets in southern Indiana where the Company believes
there is high name recognition of the Bank. The Bank's aim is to look and feel
like "the local bank" in these markets. The Bank differentiates its services by
being more responsive to the local customers than "out-of-town" banks, by a
long-term commitment to the communities it serves, and by its knowledge of
local market conditions.
Home Equity Lending. Home Equity was formed in 1994 and is located in San
Ramon, California. Home Equity originates and services home equity loans and
lines of credit nationwide via direct mail and telemarketing to a target market
of active debt users. The home equity lending program is designed to originate
loans which the Bank may choose to hold in its portfolio or sell into the
secondary market. To date, Home Equity has securitized $191.6 million of the
approximately $250.4 million in home equity loans and lines of credit
originated.
Equipment Leasing. Affiliated, acquired in 1990 and located in Northbrook,
Illinois, is engaged in the small-ticket equipment leasing and commercial
lending business. Affiliated offers non-recourse, non-operating, full payout
leases and commercial lines of credit to physicians and other health care
professionals. At present, all of the leases generated by Affiliated are held
either on its balance sheet or that of the Bank. In the future the Company may
consider using available off-balance sheet funding sources.
OWNERSHIP
As of December 31, 1996, the directors and executive officers of the Company
and their immediate families owned approximately 53.8% of the Company's Common
Stock and, as a result, exercise substantial control over the Company.
CAPITAL TRUST
Capital Trust is a statutory business trust formed under Delaware law
pursuant to (i) a trust agreement, dated as of December 20, 1996, executed by
the Company, as depositor, and the trustees of Capital Trust (together with the
Property Trustee, the "Trustees"), and (ii) a certificate of trust filed with
the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on December 20, 1996. The
initial trust agreement will be amended and restated in its entirety (as so
amended and restated, the "Trust Agreement") substantially in the form filed as
an exhibit to the Registration Statement of which this Prospectus forms a part.
The Trust Agreement will be qualified as an indenture under the Trust Indenture
Act of 1939, as amended (the "Trust Indenture Act"). Upon issuance of the
Preferred Securities, the purchasers thereof will own all of the Preferred
Securities. The Company will acquire all of the Common Securities which will
represent an aggregate liquidation amount equal to at least 3% of the total
capital of Capital Trust. The Common Securities will rank pari passu, and
payments will be made thereon pro rata, with the Preferred Securities, except
that upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default (as
defined herein) under the Trust Agreement resulting from a Debenture Event of
Default, the rights of the Company as holder of the Common Securities to
payment in respect of Distributions and payments upon liquidation, redemption
or otherwise will be subordinated to the rights of the holders of the Preferred
Securities. See "Description of the Preferred Securities--Subordination of
Common Securities." Capital Trust exists for
7
<PAGE>
the exclusive purposes of (i) issuing the Trust Securities representing
undivided beneficial interests in the assets of Capital Trust, (ii) investing
the gross proceeds of the Trust Securities in the Subordinated Debentures
issued by the Company, and (iii) engaging in only those other activities
necessary, advisable, or incidental thereto. The Subordinated Debentures will
be the only assets of Capital Trust and payments under the Subordinated
Debentures will be the only revenue of Capital Trust. Capital Trust has a term
of 55 years, but may terminate earlier as provided in the Trust Agreement. The
principal executive office of Capital Trust is 500 Washington Street, Columbus,
Indiana 47201 and its telephone number is (812) 376-1020.
The number of the Trustees will, pursuant to the Trust Agreement, initially
be five. Three of the Trustees (the "Administrative Trustees") will be persons
who are employees or officers of, or who are affiliated with, the Company. The
fourth trustee will be a financial institution that is unaffiliated with the
Company, which trustee will serve as institutional trustee under the Trust
Agreement and as indenture trustee for the purposes of compliance with the
provisions of the Trust Indenture Act (the "Property Trustee"). State Street
Bank and Trust Company, a state chartered trust company organized under the
laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, will be the Property Trustee until
removed or replaced by the holder of the Common Securities. For purposes of
compliance with the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act, State Street Bank
and Trust Company will also act as trustee (the "Guarantee Trustee") under the
Guarantee and as Debenture Trustee (as defined herein) under the Indenture. The
fifth trustee will be an entity that maintains its principal place of business
in the State of Delaware (the "Delaware Trustee"). Wilmington Trust Company, a
Delaware chartered trust company, will act as Delaware Trustee.
The Property Trustee will hold title to the Subordinated Debentures for the
benefit of the holders of the Trust Securities and in such capacity will have
the power to exercise all rights, powers and privileges under the Indenture.
The Property Trustee will also maintain exclusive control of a segregated non-
interest-bearing bank account (the "Property Account") to hold all payments
made in respect of the Subordinated Debentures for the benefit of the holders
of the Trust Securities. The Property Trustee will make payments of
Distributions and payments on liquidation, redemption and otherwise to the
holders of the Trust Securities out of funds from the Property Account. The
Guarantee Trustee will hold the Guarantee for the benefit of the holders of the
Preferred Securities. The Company, as the holder of all the Common Securities,
will have the right to appoint, remove or replace any Trustee and to increase
or decrease the number of the Trustees. The Company will pay all fees and
expenses related to Capital Trust and the offering of the Trust Securities.
The rights of the holders of the Preferred Securities, including economic
rights, rights to information and voting rights, are set forth in the Trust
Agreement, the Delaware Business Trust Act (the "Trust Act") and the Trust
Indenture Act. See "Description of the Preferred Securities."
8
<PAGE>
THE OFFERING
Securities Offered............ 1,500,000 Preferred Securities having a
Liquidation Amount of $25.00 per Preferred
Security. The Preferred Securities represent
preferred undivided beneficial interests in the
assets of Capital Trust, which will consist
solely of the Subordinated Debentures and
payments thereunder. Capital Trust has granted
the Underwriters an option, exercisable within
30 days after the date of this Prospectus, to
purchase up to an additional 225,000 Preferred
Securities at the initial offering price,
solely to cover over-allotments, if any.
Payment of Distributions...... The Distributions payable on each Preferred
Security will be fixed at a rate per annum of
% of the Liquidation Amount of $25 per
Preferred Security, will be cumulative, will
accrue from , 1997, the date of issuance of
the Preferred Securities, and will be payable
quarterly in arrears, on March 31, June 30,
September 30 and December 31 of each year,
commencing March 31, 1997. See "Description of
the Preferred Securities--Distributions--
Payment of Distributions."
Extension of Interest Payment The Company has the right, at any time, so long
Period........................ as no Debenture Event of Default has occurred
and is continuing, to defer payments of
interest on the Subordinated Debentures for a
period not exceeding 20 consecutive quarters;
provided, that no Extended Interest Payment
Period may extend beyond the Stated Maturity of
the Subordinated Debentures. As a consequence
of the extension by the Company of the interest
payment period, quarterly Distributions on the
Preferred Securities will be deferred (though
such Distributions would continue to accrue
with interest thereon compounded quarterly,
since interest will continue to accrue and
compound on the Subordinated Debentures) during
any such Extended Interest Payment Period.
During an Extended Interest Payment Period, the
Company will be prohibited, subject to certain
exceptions described herein, from declaring or
paying any cash distributions with respect to
its capital stock or debt securities that rank
pari passu with or junior to the Subordinated
Debentures. Upon the termination of any
Extended Interest Payment Period and the
payment of all amounts then due, the Company
may commence a new Extended Interest Payment
Period, subject to the foregoing requirements.
See "Description of the Preferred Securities--
Distributions--Extended Interest Payment
Period" and "Description of the Subordinated
Debentures--Option to Extend Interest Payment
Period."
Should an Extended Interest Payment Period
occur, holders of Preferred Securities will be
required to include deferred interest income in
their gross income for United States federal
income tax purposes in advance of receipt of
the cash distributions with
9
<PAGE>
respect to such deferred interest payments. See
"Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences--
Potential Extension of Interest Payment Period
and Original Issue Discount."
Optional Redemption........... The Preferred Securities are subject to
redemption, in whole or in part, upon repayment
of the Subordinated Debentures at maturity or
their earlier redemption. Subject to Federal
Reserve approval, if then required under
applicable capital guidelines or policies of
the Federal Reserve, the Subordinated
Debentures are redeemable prior to maturity at
the option of the Company (i) on or after March
31, 2002, in whole at any time or in part from
time to time, or (ii) at any time, in whole
(but not in part), within 180 days following
the occurrence of a Tax Event or an Investment
Company Event, in each case at the redemption
price equal to 100% of the principal amount of
the Subordinated Debenture, together with any
accrued but unpaid interest to the date fixed
for redemption. See "Description of the
Subordinated Debentures--Redemption or
Exchange."
Distribution of Subordinated The Company has the right at any time to
Debentures.................... terminate the Preferred Securities and cause
the Subordinated Debentures to be distributed
to holders of Preferred Securities in
liquidation of Capital Trust, subject to the
Company having received prior approval of the
Federal Reserve to do so if then required under
applicable capital guidelines or policies of
the Federal Reserve. See "Description of the
Preferred Securities--Redemption or Exchange"
and "Description of the Preferred Securities--
Liquidation Distribution Upon Termination."
Guarantee..................... The Company has guaranteed the payment of
Distributions and payments on liquidation or
redemption of the Preferred Securities, but
only in each case to the extent of funds held
by Capital Trust, as described herein. The
Company and Capital Trust believe that, taken
together, the obligations of the Company under
the Guarantee, the Trust Agreement, the
Subordinated Debentures, the Indenture and the
Expense Agreement provide, in the aggregate, a
full, irrevocable and unconditional guarantee,
on a subordinated basis, of all of the
obligations of Capital Trust under the
Preferred Securities. The obligations of the
Company under the Guarantee and the Preferred
Securities are subordinate and junior in right
of payment to all Senior Debt, Subordinated
Debt and Additional Senior Obligations of the
Company. If the Company does not make principal
or interest payments on the Subordinated
Debentures, Capital Trust will not have
sufficient funds to make distributions on the
Preferred Securities; in which event, the
Guarantee will not apply to such Distributions
until Capital Trust has sufficient funds
available therefor. See "Description of the
Guarantee."
10
<PAGE>
Voting Rights................. The holders of the Preferred Securities will
have no voting rights except in limited
circumstances. See "Description of the
Preferred Securities--Voting Rights; Amendment
of Trust Agreement."
Use of Proceeds............... The proceeds from the sale of the Preferred
Securities offered hereby will be used by
Capital Trust to purchase the Subordinated
Debentures issued by the Company. The Company
intends to add the net proceeds from the sale
of the Subordinated Debentures to its general
funds, to be used for general corporate
purposes, including the repayment of certain
short term borrowings of the Company. See "Use
of Proceeds."
The Nasdaq National MarketSM Application has been made to have the Preferred
Symbol........................ Securities approved for quotation on the Nasdaq
National MarketSM under the symbol "IRWNP."
11
<PAGE>
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NINE MONTHS ENDED
SEPTEMBER 30, YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
---------------------- -------------------------------------------------------
1996 1995 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991
----------- --------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
SELECTED RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS
Interest income........ $ 64,849 $ 45,257 $ 64,161 $ 49,186 $ 49,066 $ 48,661 $ 40,305
Interest expense....... 29,363 18,649 28,568 17,633 16,688 19,228 20,672
Net interest income.... 35,486 26,608 35,593 31,553 32,378 29,433 19,633
Provision for loan
losses................ 2,774 2,140 3,073 1,727 1,577 1,910 1,054
Net interest income
after provision for
possible loan losses.. 32,712 24,468 32,520 29,826 30,801 27,523 18,579
Net gains on sale of
loans................. 25,427 11,258 21,006 2,219 14,225 10,337 2,876
Other noninterest
income................ 85,400 69,099 94,838 84,863 74,340 57,073 38,550
Noninterest expense.... 117,405 81,791 115,915 86,844 93,803 73,811 49,216
Income before income
tax expense........... 26,135 23,034 32,449 30,064 25,563 21,122 10,789
Income tax expense..... 10,616 8,249 12,366 11,848 9,975 8,256 4,138
----------- --------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Net income............. $ 15,519 $ 14,785 $ 20,083 $ 18,216 $ 15,588 $ 12,866 $ 6,651
=========== ========= =========== ========= ========= ========= =========
PER SHARE DATA(1)
Net income
Primary................ $ 1.33 $ 1.29 $ 1.75 $ 1.55 $ 1.33 $ 1.12 $ 0.59
Fully diluted.......... 1.33 1.29 1.74 1.55 1.33 1.11 0.59
Cash dividends
declared.............. 0.18 0.17 0.22 0.18 0.15 0.10 0.08
Book value............. 9.91 8.27 8.76 7.21 6.03 4.82 3.77
Dividend payout ratio.. 13.17% 12.58% 12.36% 11.38% 11.12% 8.88% 13.52%
SELECTED BALANCE SHEET
DATA
Assets................. $ 1,161,735 $ 978,947 $ 1,038,307 $ 659,671 $ 881,864 $ 602,465 $ 598,024
Securities(2).......... 69,552 63,822 60,869 77,357 95,350 46,673 50,549
Total mortgage
servicing rights...... 66,606 40,544 48,535 18,834 11,505 10,156 8,045
Loans held for sale.... 318,282 352,941 378,658 154,964 370,755 218,080 264,740
Loans and leases....... 575,983 413,594 412,525 308,411 256,116 210,359 180,789
Allowance for loan and
lease losses.......... 6,111 4,463 4,620 3,863 3,293 3,220 2,282
Deposits............... 613,713 551,645 563,999 439,918 500,370 389,323 337,927
Shareholders' equity... 112,611 93,531 99,216 81,104 70,093 55,343 42,478
Long-term debt......... 19,515 21,525 21,575 24,029 17,781 12,302 6,848
SELECTED MORTGAGE DATA
Mortgage originations.. 3,803,631 2,419,012 3,559,310 2,812,962 4,273,933 3,441,347 1,926,841
Total mortgage loans
serviced.............. 10,875,458 9,684,199 10,301,914 8,818,502 7,922,299 5,470,505 2,990,808
PERFORMANCE RATIOS(3)
Return on average
equity................ 19.47% 22.92% 22.60% 23.91% 24.91% 26.51% 16.93%
Return on average
assets................ 1.80 2.40 2.28 2.43 2.15 1.97 1.30
Net interest margin.... 4.88 5.02 4.93 5.03 5.19 5.10 4.49
ASSET QUALITY RATIOS
Allowance for possible
loan losses to loans.. 1.06% 1.08% 1.12% 1.25% 1.29% 1.53% 1.26%
Nonperforming loans to
loans................. 0.61 0.61 0.58 0.90 1.38 1.68 0.54
Allowance for possible
loan losses to
nonperforming loans... 1.74 1.78 1.93 1.39 0.94 0.91 2.34
Nonperforming assets to
total loans........... 0.70 0.71 0.65 1.06 1.62 2.20 0.65
Net loan losses to
average loans(3)...... 0.29 0.59 0.57 0.41 0.65 0.50 0.41
Provision for loan
losses to average
loans(3).............. 0.75 0.82 0.83 0.62 0.68 0.98 0.63
CAPITAL RATIOS
Average equity to
average assets........ 9.24% 10.46% 10.07% 10.17% 8.62% 7.45% 7.67%
Tier 1 risk-based
capital ratio......... 12.16 13.45 13.80 18.31 14.97 15.59 12.56
Total risk-based
capital ratio......... 12.90 14.15 14.49 19.18 15.68 16.50 13.24
Leverage ratio......... 8.62 10.47 10.57 10.82 9.63 8.48 8.23
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO
FIXED CHARGES(4)
Including interest on
deposits.............. 1.89x 2.24x 2.14x 2.70x 2.53x 2.10x 1.52x
Excluding interest on
deposits.............. 2.64 3.80 3.37 4.53 3.99 3.20 2.72
</TABLE>
- --------
(1) Per share data has been adjusted to give retroactive effect to two-for-one
stock splits in 1996, 1993 and 1992 and a three-for-two stock split in
1991.
(2) Includes securities available for sale.
(3) Ratios for the nine-month periods are annualized.
(4) Earnings consist of income before income tax plus interest expense. Fixed
charges consist of interest expense. The Company does not currently have
any preferred stock outstanding.
12
<PAGE>
USE OF PROCEEDS
Capital Trust will use the gross proceeds received from the sale of the
Preferred Securities to purchase Subordinated Debentures from the Company. The
Company intends to use the net proceeds from the sale of the Subordinated
Debentures to reduce certain short-term borrowings of the Company having an
average maturity under one year and for which interest rates during 1996
ranged from approximately 5.5% to 8.25%. Following such repayment, additional
funds will be available to the Company for borrowing under such facilities,
which amounts may be used by the Company from time to time for general
corporate purposes.
ACCOUNTING TREATMENT
Capital Trust will be treated, for financial reporting purposes, as a
subsidiary of the Company and, accordingly, the accounts of Capital Trust will
be included in the consolidated financial statements of the Company. The
Preferred Securities will be presented as a separate line item in the
consolidated balance sheet of the Company under the caption "Guaranteed
Preferred Beneficial Interests in the Company's Subordinated Debentures," and
appropriate disclosures about the Preferred Securities, the Guarantee and the
Subordinated Debentures will be included in the notes to consolidated
financial statements.
All future reports of the Company filed under the Exchange Act will (a)
present the Trust Securities issued by Capital Trust on the balance sheet as a
separate line-item entitled "Guaranteed Preferred Beneficial Interests in the
Company's Subordinated Debentures," (b) include in a footnote to the financial
statements disclosure that the sole assets of Capital Trust are the
Subordinated Debentures (including the outstanding principal amount, interest
rate and maturity date of such Subordinated Debentures), and (c) include in a
footnote to the financial statements disclosure that the Company owns all of
the Common Securities of Capital Trust, the sole assets of Capital Trust are
the Subordinated Debentures, and the back-up obligations, in the aggregate
constitute a full and unconditional guarantee by the Company of the
obligations of Capital Trust under the Preferred Securities.
13
<PAGE>
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth (i) the consolidated capitalization of the
Company at September 30, 1996, and (ii) the consolidated capitalization of the
Company giving effect to the issuance of the Preferred Securities hereby
offered by Capital Trust and application by the Company of the net proceeds
from the corresponding sale of the Subordinated Debentures to Capital Trust,
as if the sale of the Preferred Securities had been consummated on September
30, 1996, and assuming the Underwriters' over-allotment option was not
exercised.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SEPTEMBER 30, 1996
--------------------------
ACTUAL AS ADJUSTED
----------- -------------
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C>
SHORT-TERM DEBT:
Total short-term debt payable..................... $ 359,513 $323,594
=========== ===========
LONG-TERM DEBT:
Total long-term debt payable...................... $ 19,515 $ 19,515
=========== ===========
GUARANTEED PREFERRED BENEFICIAL INTERESTS IN THE
COMPANY'S SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES:(1)
Guaranteed preferred beneficial interests in the
Company's subordinated debentures................ $ -- $ 37,500
Less expenses relating to the issuance of the
Preferred Securities............................. -- (1,581)
----------- -----------
Net proceeds received from the sale of
guaranteed preferred beneficial interests in
the Company's subordinated debentures.......... $ -- $ 35,919
=========== ===========
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Preferred stock; no par value-- authorized 50,000
shares; none issued.............................. $ -- $ --
Common Stock; no par value-- authorized 40,000,000
shares; 11,701,040 shares, including 339,564 in
treasury......................................... 29,965 29,965
Unrealized loss on investment securities.......... (11) (11)
Retained earnings................................. 87,882 87,882
Treasury Stock.................................... (5,225) (5,225)
Total shareholders' equity...................... 112,611 112,611
----------- -----------
Total capitalization............................ $ 132,126 $ 168,045
=========== ===========
CAPITAL RATIOS:
Shareholders' equity to total assets.............. 9.69% 9.69%
Leverage ratio(2)(3).............................. 8.62% 11.50%
Risk-based capital ratios(3)
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets.......... 12.16% 16.22%
Total risk-based capital to risk-weighted
assets......................................... 12.90% 16.96%
</TABLE>
- --------
(1) Preferred Securities representing beneficial interests in an aggregate
principal amount of $37.5 million of the % Subordinated Debentures of
the Company. The Subordinated Debentures will mature on March 31, 2027,
which date may be, if certain conditions are met, (a) shortened to a date
not earlier than March 31, 2002, or (b) extended to a date not later than
March 31, 2046.
(2) The leverage ratio is Tier 1 capital divided by the difference between
quarterly average total assets less intangibles.
(3) The capital ratios, as adjusted, are computed including the total
estimated net proceeds from the sale of the Preferred Securities, in a
manner consistent with Federal Reserve guidelines.
14
<PAGE>
RISK FACTORS
Prospective investors should carefully consider, together with the other
information contained and incorporated by reference in this Prospectus, the
following risk factors before purchasing the Preferred Securities offered
hereby. Prospective investors should note, in particular, that this Prospectus
contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of
the Securities Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and that actual
results could differ materially from those contemplated by such statements.
These considerations are not intended to represent a complete list of the
general or specific risks that may affect the Preferred Securities, the
Subordinated Debentures or the Company and Capital Trust. It should be
recognized that other risks may be significant, presently or in the future.
RANKING OF SUBORDINATED OBLIGATIONS UNDER THE GUARANTEE AND THE SUBORDINATED
DEBENTURES
The obligations of the Company under the Guarantee issued for the benefit of
the holders of Preferred Securities and under the Subordinated Debentures are
unsecured and rank subordinate and junior in right of payment to all Senior
Debt, Subordinated Debt and Additional Senior Obligations of the Company. At
September 30, 1996, the consolidated outstanding Senior Debt, Subordinated
Debt and Additional Senior Obligations of the Company was approximately $379.0
million. The right of the Company to participate in any distribution of assets
of any of its subsidiaries upon such subsidiary's liquidation or
reorganization or otherwise (and thus the ability of holders of the Preferred
Securities to benefit indirectly from such distribution) is subject to the
prior claims of creditors of that subsidiary, except to the extent that the
Company may itself be recognized as a creditor of that subsidiary. The
Subordinated Debentures, therefore, will be effectively subordinated to all
existing and future liabilities of the subsidiaries and holders of
Subordinated Debentures and Preferred Securities should look only to the
assets of the Company for payments on the Subordinated Debentures. Neither the
Indenture, the Guarantee nor the Trust Agreement places any limitation on the
amount of secured or unsecured debt, including Senior Debt, Subordinated Debt
and Additional Senior Obligations, that may be incurred by the Company. See
"Description of the Guarantee--Status of the Guarantee" and "Description of
the Subordinated Debentures--Subordination."
The ability of Capital Trust to pay amounts due on the Preferred Securities
is solely dependent upon the Company making payments on the Subordinated
Debentures as and when required.
OPTION TO EXTEND INTEREST PAYMENT PERIOD; TAX CONSEQUENCES; MARKET PRICE
CONSEQUENCES
The Company has the right under the Indenture, so long as no Debenture Event
of Default has occurred and is continuing, to defer the payment of interest on
the Subordinated Debentures at any time or from time to time for a period not
exceeding 20 consecutive quarters with respect to each Extended Interest
Payment Period; provided that no Extended Interest Payment Period may extend
beyond the Stated Maturity of the Subordinated Debentures. As a consequence of
any such deferral, quarterly Distributions on the Preferred Securities by
Capital Trust will be deferred (and the amount of Distributions to which
holders of the Preferred Securities are entitled will accumulate additional
Distributions thereon at the rate of % per annum, compounded quarterly from
the relevant payment date for such Distributions) during any such Extended
Interest Payment Period. During any such Extended Interest Payment Period, the
Company may not (i) declare or pay any dividends or distributions on, or
redeem, purchase, acquire, or make a liquidation payment with respect to, any
of the Company's capital stock (other than the reclassification of any class
of the Company's capital stock into another class of capital stock), (ii) make
any payment of principal, interest or premium, if any, on or repay, repurchase
or redeem any debt securities of the Company that rank pari passu with or
junior in interest to the Subordinated Debentures or make any guarantee
payments with respect to any guarantee by the Company of the debt securities
of any subsidiary of the Company if such guarantee ranks pari passu with or
junior in interest to the Subordinated Debentures (other than payments under
the Guarantee), or (iii) redeem, purchase or acquire less than all of the
Subordinated Debentures or any of the Preferred Securities. Prior to the
termination of any such Extended Interest Payment Period, the Company may
further defer the payment of interest; provided that no Extended
15
<PAGE>
Interest Payment Period may exceed 20 consecutive quarters or extend beyond
the Stated Maturity of the Subordinated Debentures. Upon the termination of
any Extended Interest Payment Period and the payment of all interest then
accrued and unpaid (together with interest thereon at the annual rate of %
compounded quarterly, to the extent permitted by applicable law), the Company
may elect to begin a new Extended Interest Payment Period, subject to the
above requirements. Subject to the foregoing, there is no limitation on the
number of times that the Company may elect to begin an Extended Interest
Payment Period. See "Description of the Preferred Securities--Distributions--
Extended Interest Payment Period" and "Description of the Subordinated
Debentures--Option to Extend Interest Payment Period."
Should an Extended Interest Payment Period occur, each holder of Preferred
Securities will be required to accrue and recognize income (in the form of
original issue discount) in respect of its pro rata share of the interest
accruing on the Subordinated Debentures held by Capital Trust for United
States federal income tax purposes. A holder of Preferred Securities must, as
a result, include such income in gross income for United States federal income
tax purposes in advance of the receipt of cash, and will not receive the cash
related to such income from Capital Trust if the holder disposes of the
Preferred Securities prior to the record date for the payment of the related
Distributions. See "Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences--Potential
Extension of Interest Payment Period and Original Issue Discount."
The Company has no current intention of exercising its right to defer
payments of interest by extending the interest payment period on the
Subordinated Debentures. Should the Company elect, however, to exercise such
right in the future, the market price of the Preferred Securities is likely to
be adversely affected. A holder that disposes of its Preferred Securities
during an Extended Interest Payment Period, therefore, might not receive the
same return on its investment as a holder that continues to hold its Preferred
Securities. As a result of the existence of the Company's right to defer
interest payments, the market price of the Preferred Securities may be more
volatile than the market prices of other securities on which original issue
discount accrues that are not subject to such optional deferrals.
TAX EVENT OR INVESTMENT COMPANY EVENT; REDEMPTION
The Company has the right to redeem the Subordinated Debentures in whole
(but not in part) within 180 days following the occurrence of a Tax Event or
Investment Company Event (whether occurring before or after March 31, 2002),
and, therefore, cause a mandatory redemption of the Preferred Securities. The
exercise of such right is subject to the Company having received prior
approval of the Federal Reserve to do so if then required under applicable
capital guidelines or policies of the Federal Reserve.
"Tax Event" means the receipt by Capital Trust of an opinion of counsel
experienced in such matters to the effect that, as a result of any amendment
to, or change (including any announced prospective change) in the laws (or any
regulations thereunder) of the United States or any political subdivision or
taxing authority thereof or therein, or as a result of any official
administrative pronouncement or judicial decision interpreting or applying
such laws or regulations, which amendment or change is effective or such
pronouncement or decision is announced on or after the date of issuance of the
Preferred Securities under the Trust Agreement, there is more than an
insubstantial risk that (i) Capital Trust is, or will be within 90 days of the
date of such opinion, subject to United States federal income tax with respect
to income received or accrued on the Subordinated Debentures, (ii) interest
payable by the Company on the Subordinated Debentures is not, or, within 90
days of such opinion, will not be, deductible by the Company, in whole or in
part, for United States federal income tax purposes, or (iii) Capital Trust
is, or will be within 90 days of the date of the opinion, subject to more than
a de minimis amount of other taxes, duties or other governmental charges. The
Company must request and receive an opinion with regard to such matters within
a reasonable period of time after the Company becomes aware of the possible
occurrence of any of the events described in clauses (i) through (iii) above.
"Investment Company Event" means the receipt by Capital Trust of an opinion
of counsel experienced in such matters to the effect that, as a result of the
occurrence of a change in law or regulation or a change in interpretation or
application of law or regulation by any legislative body, court, governmental
agency or
16
<PAGE>
regulatory authority, Capital Trust is or will be considered an "investment
company" that is required to be registered under the Investment Company Act of
1940, as amended (the "Investment Company Act"), which change becomes
effective on or after the date of original issuance of the Preferred
Securities.
See "Risk Factors--Proposed Tax Legislation" for a discussion of certain
legislative proposals that, if adopted, could give rise to a Tax Event, which
may permit the Company to cause a redemption of the Preferred Securities prior
to March 31, 2002.
SHORTENING OR EXTENSION OF STATED MATURITY OF SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES
The Company has the right, at any time, to shorten the maturity of the
Subordinated Debentures to a date not earlier than March 31, 2002. The
exercise of such right is subject to the Company having received prior
approval of the Federal Reserve if then required under applicable capital
guidelines or policies of the Federal Reserve. The Company also has the right
to extend the maturity of the Subordinated Debentures (whether or not Capital
Trust is terminated and the Subordinated Debentures are distributed to holders
of the Preferred Securities) to a date no later than March 31, 2046, the 49th
anniversary of the initial issuance of the Preferred Securities. Such right
may only be exercised, however, if at the time such election is made and at
the time of such extension (i) the Company is not in bankruptcy, otherwise
insolvent or in liquidation, (ii) the Company is not in default in the payment
of any interest or principal on the Subordinated Debentures, and (iii) Capital
Trust is not in arrears on payments of Distributions on the Preferred
Securities and no deferred Distributions are accumulated. See "Description of
the Subordinated Debentures--General."
RIGHTS UNDER THE GUARANTEE
The Guarantee guarantees to the holders of the Preferred Securities, to the
extent not paid by Capital Trust, (i) any accrued and unpaid Distributions
required to be paid on the Preferred Securities, to the extent that Capital
Trust has funds available therefor at such time, (ii) the Redemption Price (as
defined herein) with respect to any Preferred Securities called for
redemption, to the extent that Capital Trust has funds available therefor at
such time, and (iii) upon a voluntary or involuntary dissolution, winding-up
or liquidation of Capital Trust (other than in connection with the
distribution of Subordinated Debentures to the holders of Preferred Securities
or a redemption of all of the Preferred Securities), the lesser of (a) the
amount of the Liquidation Distribution (as defined herein), to the extent
Capital Trust has funds available therefor at such time, and (b) the amount of
assets of Capital Trust remaining available for distribution to holders of the
Preferred Securities in liquidation of Capital Trust. The holders of not less
than a majority in Liquidation Amount of the Preferred Securities have the
right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for
any remedy available to the Guarantee Trustee in respect of the Guarantee or
to direct the exercise of any trust power conferred upon the Guarantee Trustee
under the Guarantee. Any holder of the Preferred Securities may institute a
legal proceeding directly against the Company to enforce its rights under the
Guarantee without first instituting a legal proceeding against Capital Trust,
the Guarantee Trustee or any other Person (as defined in the Guarantee). If
the Company were to default on its obligation to pay amounts payable under the
Subordinated Debentures, Capital Trust would lack funds for the payment of
Distributions or amounts payable on redemption of the Preferred Securities or
otherwise, and, in such event, holders of Preferred Securities would not be
able to rely upon the Guarantee for such amounts. In the event, however, that
a Debenture Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and such event is
attributable to the failure of the Company to pay interest on or principal of
the Subordinated Debentures on the payment date on which such payment is due
and payable, then a holder of Preferred Securities may institute a legal
proceeding directly against the Company for enforcement of payment to such
holder of the principal of or interest on such Subordinated Debentures having
a principal amount equal to the aggregate Liquidation Amount of the Preferred
Securities of such holder (a "Direct Action"). The exercise by the Company of
its right, as described herein, to defer the payment of interest on the
Subordinated Debentures does not constitute a Debenture Event of Default. In
connection with such Direct Action, the Company will have a right of set-off
under the Indenture to the extent of any payment made by the Company to such
holder of Preferred Securities in the Direct Action. Except as described
herein, holders of Preferred Securities will not be able to exercise directly
any other remedy available to the holders of the Subordinated Debentures or
assert
17
<PAGE>
directly any other rights in respect of the Subordinated Debentures. See
"Description of the Subordinated Debentures--Enforcement of Certain Rights by
Holders of Preferred Securities," "Description of the Subordinated
Debentures--Debenture Events of Default" and "Description of the Guarantee."
The Trust Agreement provides that each holder of Preferred Securities by
acceptance thereof agrees to the provisions of the Guarantee and the
Indenture.
NO VOTING RIGHTS EXCEPT IN LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES
Holders of Preferred Securities will have no voting rights except in limited
circumstances relating only to the modification of the Preferred Securities
and the exercise of the rights of Capital Trust as holder of the Subordinated
Debentures and the Guarantee. Holders of Preferred Securities will not be
entitled to vote to appoint, remove or replace the Property Trustee or the
Delaware Trustee, as such voting rights are vested exclusively in the holder
of the Common Securities (except upon the occurrence of certain events
described herein). The Property Trustee, the Administrative Trustees and the
Company may amend the Trust Agreement without the consent of holders of
Preferred Securities to ensure that Capital Trust will be classified for
United States federal income tax purposes as a grantor trust even if such
action adversely affects the interests of such holders. See "Description of
the Preferred Securities--Voting Rights; Amendment of Trust Agreement" and
"Description of the Preferred Securities--Removal of Capital Trust Trustees."
PROPOSED TAX LEGISLATION
On March 19, 1996, President Clinton proposed certain tax law changes that
would, among other things, generally deny corporate issuers a deduction for
interest in respect of certain debt obligations issued on or after December 7,
1995 (the "Proposed Legislation") if such debt obligations have a maximum term
in excess of 20 years and are not shown as indebtedness on the issuer's
applicable consolidated balance sheet. On March 29, 1996, Senate Finance
Committee Chairman William V. Roth, Jr. and House Ways and Means Committee
Chairman Bill Archer issued a joint statement (the "Joint Statement")
indicating their intent that certain legislative proposals initiated by the
Clinton administration, including the Proposed Legislation, that may be
adopted by either of the tax-writing committees of Congress would have an
effective date that is no earlier than the date of "appropriate Congressional
action." In addition, subsequent to the publication of the Joint Statement,
Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan and Representatives Sam M. Gibbons and Charles
B. Rangel wrote letters to Treasury Department officials concurring with the
views expressed in the Joint Statement (the "Democrat Letters"). Based upon
the Joint Statement and the Democrat Letters, it is expected that if the
Proposed Legislation were to be enacted, such legislation would not apply to
the Subordinated Debentures. There can be no assurances, however, that the
effective date guidance contained in the Joint Statement and the Democrat
Letters will be incorporated into the Proposed Legislation, if enacted, or
that other legislation enacted after the date hereof will not otherwise
adversely affect the ability of the Company to deduct the interest payable on
the Subordinated Debentures. There can, therefore, be no assurance that a Tax
Event will not occur. A Tax Event would permit the Company, upon approval of
the Federal Reserve if then required under applicable capital guidelines or
policies of the Federal Reserve, to cause a redemption of the Preferred
Securities before, as well as after, March 31, 2002. See "Description of the
Subordinated Debentures--Redemption or Exchange--Tax Event Redemption or
Investment Company Event Redemption" and "Certain Federal Income Tax
Consequences--Effect of Proposed Changes in Tax Laws."
REDEMPTION; EXCHANGE OF PREFERRED SECURITIES FOR SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES
The Company has the right at any time to dissolve, wind-up or terminate
Capital Trust and cause the Subordinated Debentures to be distributed to the
holders of the Preferred Securities in exchange therefor in liquidation of
Capital Trust. The exercise of such right is subject to the Company having
received prior approval of the Federal Reserve if then required under
applicable capital guidelines or policies of the Federal Reserve. The Company
will have the right, in certain circumstances, to redeem the Subordinated
Debentures in whole or in part, in lieu of a distribution of the Subordinated
Debentures by Capital Trust, in which event Capital Trust will redeem the
Trust Securities on a pro rata basis to the same extent as the Subordinated
Debentures are
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redeemed by the Company. Any such distribution or redemption prior to the
Stated Maturity will be subject to prior approval of the Federal Reserve if
then required under applicable capital guidelines or policies of the Federal
Reserve. See "Description of the Preferred Securities--Redemption or
Exchange--Tax Event Redemption or Investment Company Event Redemption."
Under current United States federal income tax law, a distribution of
Subordinated Debentures upon the dissolution of Capital Trust would not be a
taxable event to holders of the Preferred Securities. If, however, Capital
Trust is characterized as an association taxable as a corporation at the time
of the dissolution of Capital Trust, the distribution of the Subordinated
Debentures may constitute a taxable event to holders of Preferred Securities.
Moreover, upon occurrence of a Tax Event, a dissolution of Capital Trust in
which holders of the Preferred Securities receive cash may be a taxable event
to such holders. See "Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences--Receipt of
Subordinated Debentures or Cash Upon Liquidation of Capital Trust."
There can be no assurance as to the market prices for the Preferred
Securities or the Subordinated Debentures that may be distributed in exchange
for Preferred Securities upon a dissolution or liquidation of Capital Trust.
The Preferred Securities or the Subordinated Debentures, may, therefore, trade
at a discount to the price that the investor paid to purchase the Preferred
Securities offered hereby. Because holders of Preferred Securities may receive
Subordinated Debentures, prospective purchasers of Preferred Securities are
also making an investment decision with regard to the Subordinated Debentures
and should carefully review all the information regarding the Subordinated
Debentures contained herein.
If the Subordinated Debentures are distributed to the holders of Preferred
Securities upon the liquidation of Capital Trust, the Company will use its
best efforts to list the Subordinated Debentures on the Nasdaq National Market
or such stock exchanges, if any, on which the Preferred Securities are then
listed.
TRADING PRICE; ABSENCE OF PRIOR PUBLIC MARKET FOR THE PREFERRED SECURITIES
The Preferred Securities may trade at prices that do not fully reflect the
value of accrued but unpaid interest with respect to the underlying
Subordinated Debentures. A holder of Preferred Securities that disposes of its
Preferred Securities between record dates for payments of Distributions (and
consequently does not receive a Distribution from Capital Trust for the period
prior to such disposition) will nevertheless be required to include accrued
but unpaid interest on the Subordinated Debentures through the date of
disposition in income as ordinary income and to add such amount to its
adjusted tax basis in its pro rata share of the underlying Subordinated
Debentures deemed disposed of. Such holder will recognize a capital loss to
the extent the selling price (which may not fully reflect the value of accrued
but unpaid interest) is less than its adjusted tax basis (which will include
all accrued but unpaid interest). Subject to certain limited exceptions,
capital losses cannot be applied to offset ordinary income for United States
federal income tax purposes. See "Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences--
Disposition of Preferred Securities."
There is no current public market for the Preferred Securities. Although
application has been made to have the Preferred Securities approved for
quotation on the Nasdaq National Market, there can be no assurance that an
active public market will develop for the Preferred Securities or that, if
such market develops, the market price will equal or exceed the public
offering price set forth on the cover page of this Prospectus. The public
offering price for the Preferred Securities has been determined through
negotiations between the Company and the Underwriters. Prices for the
Preferred Securities will be determined in the marketplace and may be
influenced by many factors, including prevailing interest rates, the liquidity
of the market for the Preferred Securities, investor perceptions of the
Company and general industry and economic conditions.
PREFERRED SECURITIES ARE NOT INSURED
The Preferred Securities are not insured by the Bank Insurance Fund or the
Savings Association Insurance Fund of the Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation or by any other governmental agency.
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DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED SECURITIES
The Preferred Securities will be issued pursuant to the terms of the Trust
Agreement. The Trust Agreement will be qualified as an indenture under the
Trust Indenture Act. The Property Trustee, State Street Bank and Trust
Company, will act as indenture trustee for the Preferred Securities under the
Trust Agreement for purposes of complying with the provisions of the Trust
Indenture Act. The terms of the Preferred Securities will include those stated
in the Trust Agreement and those made part of the Trust Agreement by the Trust
Indenture Act. The following summary of the material terms and provisions of
the Preferred Securities and the Trust Agreement does not purport to be
complete and is subject to, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to,
the Trust Agreement, the Trust Act, and the Trust Indenture Act. Wherever
particular defined terms of the Trust Agreement are referred to, but not
defined herein, such defined terms are incorporated herein by reference. The
form of the Trust Agreement has been filed as an exhibit to the Registration
Statement of which this Prospectus forms a part.
GENERAL
Pursuant to the terms of the Trust Agreement, the Trustees, on behalf of
Capital Trust, will issue the Trust Securities. All of the Common Securities
will be owned by the Company. The Preferred Securities will represent
preferred undivided beneficial interests in the assets of Capital Trust and
the holders thereof will be entitled to a preference in certain circumstances
with respect to Distributions and amounts payable on redemption or liquidation
over the Common Securities, as well as other benefits as described in the
Trust Agreement. The Trust Agreement does not permit the issuance by Capital
Trust of any securities other than the Trust Securities or the incurrence of
any indebtedness by Capital Trust.
The Preferred Securities will rank pari passu, and payments will be made
thereon pro rata, with the Common Securities, except as described under "--
Subordination of Common Securities." Legal title to the Subordinated
Debentures will be held by the Property Trustee in trust for the benefit of
the holders of the Trust Securities. The Guarantee executed by the Company for
the benefit of the holders of the Preferred Securities will be a guarantee on
a subordinated basis with respect to the Preferred Securities, but will not
guarantee payment of Distributions or amounts payable on redemption or
liquidation of such Preferred Securities when Capital Trust does not have
funds on hand available to make such payments. State Street Bank and Trust
Company, as Guarantee Trustee, will hold the Guarantee for the benefit of the
holders of the Preferred Securities. See "Description of the Guarantee."
DISTRIBUTIONS
PAYMENT OF DISTRIBUTIONS. Distributions on each Preferred Security will be
payable at the annual rate of % of the stated Liquidation Amount of $25,
payable quarterly in arrears on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December
31 of each year, to the holders of the Preferred Securities on the relevant
record dates (each date on which Distributions are payable in accordance with
the foregoing, a "Distribution Date"). The record date will be the 15th day of
the month in which the relevant Distribution Date occurs. Distributions will
accumulate from the date of original issuance. The first Distribution Date for
the Preferred Securities will be March 31, 1997. The amount of Distributions
payable for any period will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of
twelve 30-day months. In the event that any date on which Distributions are
payable on the Preferred Securities is not a Business Day, then payment of the
Distributions payable on such date will be made on the next succeeding day
that is a Business Day (and without any additional Distributions, interest or
other payment in respect of any such delay) with the same force and effect as
if made on the date such payment was originally due and payable. "Business
Day" means any day other than a Saturday or a Sunday, or a day on which
banking institutions in The City of New York are authorized or required by law
or executive order to remain closed or a day on which the corporate trust
office of the Property Trustee or the Debenture Trustee is closed for
business.
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EXTENDED INTEREST PAYMENT PERIOD. The Company has the right under the
Indenture, so long as no Debenture Event of Default has occurred and is
continuing, to defer the payment of interest on the Subordinated Debentures at
any time, or from time to time (each, an "Extended Interest Payment Period"),
which, if exercised, would defer quarterly Distributions on the Preferred
Securities during any such Extended Interest Payment Period. Distributions to
which holders of the Preferred Securities are entitled will accumulate
additional Distributions thereon at the rate per annum of % thereof,
compounded quarterly from the relevant Distribution Date. "Distributions," as
used herein, includes any such additional Distributions. The right to defer
the payment of interest on the Subordinated Debentures is limited, however, to
a period not exceeding 20 consecutive quarters and no Extended Interest
Payment Period may extend beyond the Stated Maturity of the Subordinated
Debentures. During any such Extended Interest Payment Period, the Company may
not (i) declare or pay any dividends or distributions on, or redeem, purchase,
acquire or make a liquidation payment with respect to, any of the Company's
capital stock (other than the reclassification of any class of the Company's
capital stock into another class of capital stock), (ii) make any payment of
principal, interest or premium, if any, on or repay, repurchase or redeem any
debt securities of the Company that rank pari passu with or junior in interest
to the Subordinated Debentures or make any guarantee payments with respect to
any guarantee by the Company of the debt securities of any subsidiary of the
Company if such guarantee ranks pari passu with or junior in interest to the
Subordinated Debentures (other than payments under the Guarantee), or (iii)
redeem, purchase or acquire less than all of the Subordinated Debentures or
any of the Preferred Securities. Prior to the termination of any such Extended
Interest Payment Period, the Company may further defer the payment of
interest; provided that such Extended Interest Payment Period may not exceed
20 consecutive quarters or extend beyond the Stated Maturity of the
Subordinated Debentures. Upon the termination of any such Extended Interest
Payment Period and the payment of all amounts then due, the Company may elect
to begin a new Extended Interest Payment Period, subject to the above
requirements. Subject to the foregoing, there is no limitation on the number
of times that the Company may elect to begin an Extended Interest Payment
Period.
The Company has no current intention of exercising its right to defer
payments of interest by extending the interest payment period on the
Subordinated Debentures.
SOURCE OF DISTRIBUTIONS. The funds of Capital Trust available for
distribution to holders of its Preferred Securities will be limited to
payments under the Subordinated Debentures in which Capital Trust will invest
the proceeds from the issuance and sale of its Trust Securities. See
"Description of the Subordinated Debentures." Distributions will be paid
through the Property Trustee who will hold amounts received in respect of the
Subordinated Debentures in the Property Account for the benefit of the holders
of the Trust Securities. If the Company does not make interest payments on the
Subordinated Debentures, the Property Trustee will not have funds available to
pay Distributions on the Preferred Securities. The payment of Distributions
(if and to the extent Capital Trust has funds legally available for the
payment of such Distributions and cash sufficient to make such payments) is
guaranteed by the Company. See "Description of the Guarantee."
Distributions on the Preferred Securities will be payable to the holders
thereof as they appear on the register of holders of the Preferred Securities
on the relevant record dates, which date will be the 15th day of the month in
which the relevant Distribution Date occurs. Subject to any applicable laws
and regulations and the provisions of the Trust Agreement, each such payment
will be made as described above under "--Distributions--Payment of
Distributions."
REDEMPTION OR EXCHANGE
GENERAL. The Subordinated Debentures will mature on March 31, 2027. The
Company will have the right to redeem the Subordinated Debentures (i) on or
after March 31, 2002, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, or
(ii) at any time, in whole (but not in part), within 180 days following the
occurrence of a Tax Event or an Investment Company Event, in each case subject
to receipt of prior approval by the Federal Reserve if then required under
applicable capital guidelines or policies of the Federal Reserve. The Company
will not have the right to purchase the Subordinated Debentures, in whole or
in part, from Capital Trust until after March 31,
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2002, except if a Tax Event or an Investment Company Event has occurred and is
continuing. See "Description of the Subordinated Debentures--General."
MANDATORY REDEMPTION. Upon the repayment or redemption, in whole or in part,
of any Subordinated Debentures, whether at Stated Maturity or upon earlier
redemption as provided in the Indenture, the proceeds from such repayment or
redemption will be applied by the Property Trustee to redeem a Like Amount (as
defined herein) of the Trust Securities, upon not less than 30 nor more than
60 days notice, at a redemption price (the "Redemption Price") equal to the
aggregate Liquidation Amount of such Trust Securities plus accumulated but
unpaid Distributions thereon to the date of redemption (the "Redemption
Date"). See "Description of the Subordinated Debentures--Redemption or
Exchange." If less than all of the Subordinated Debentures are to be repaid or
redeemed on a Redemption Date, then the proceeds from such repayment or
redemption will be allocated to the redemption of the Trust Securities pro
rata.
DISTRIBUTION OF SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES. Subject to the Company having
received prior approval of the Federal Reserve if so required under applicable
capital guidelines or policies of the Federal Reserve, the Company will have
the right at any time to dissolve, wind-up or terminate Capital Trust and,
after satisfaction of the liabilities of creditors of Capital Trust as
provided by applicable law, cause the Subordinated Debentures to be
distributed to the holders of Trust Securities in liquidation of Capital
Trust. See "--Liquidation Distribution Upon Termination."
TAX EVENT REDEMPTION OR INVESTMENT COMPANY EVENT REDEMPTION. If a Tax Event
or an Investment Company Event in respect of the Trust Securities occurs and
is continuing, the Company has the right to redeem the Subordinated Debentures
in whole (but not in part) and thereby cause a mandatory redemption of such
Trust Securities in whole (but not in part) at the Redemption Price within 180
days following the occurrence of such Tax Event or Investment Company Event.
In the event a Tax Event or an Investment Company Event in respect of the
Trust Securities has occurred and the Company does not elect to redeem the
Subordinated Debentures and thereby cause a mandatory redemption of such Trust
Securities or to liquidate Capital Trust and cause the Subordinated Debentures
to be distributed to holders of such Trust Securities in liquidation of
Capital Trust as described below under "--Liquidation Distribution Upon
Termination," such Preferred Securities will remain outstanding and Additional
Interest (as defined herein) may be payable on the Subordinated Debentures.
"Additional Interest" means the additional amounts as may be necessary in
order that the amount of Distributions then due and payable by Capital Trust
on the outstanding Trust Securities will not be reduced as a result of any
additional taxes, duties and other governmental charges to which Capital Trust
has become subject as a result of a Tax Event.
"Like Amount" means (i) with respect to a redemption of Trust Securities,
Trust Securities having a Liquidation Amount equal to that portion of the
principal amount of Subordinated Debentures to be contemporaneously redeemed
in accordance with the Indenture, which will be used to pay the Redemption
Price of such Trust Securities, and (ii) with respect to a distribution of
Subordinated Debentures to holders of Trust Securities in connection with a
dissolution or liquidation of Capital Trust, Subordinated Debentures having a
principal amount equal to the Liquidation Amount of the Trust Securities of
the holder to whom such Subordinated Debentures are distributed. Each
Subordinated Debenture distributed pursuant to clause (ii) above will carry
with it accumulated interest in an amount equal to the accumulated and unpaid
interest then due on such Subordinated Debenture.
"Liquidation Amount" means the stated amount of $25 per Trust Security.
After the liquidation date fixed for any distribution of Subordinated
Debentures for Preferred Securities (i) such Preferred Securities will no
longer be deemed to be outstanding, and (ii) any certificates representing
Preferred Securities will be deemed to represent the Subordinated Debentures
having a principal amount equal to the Liquidation Amount of such Preferred
Securities, and bearing accrued and unpaid interest in an amount
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equal to the accrued and unpaid Distributions on the Preferred Securities
until such certificates are presented to the Administrative Trustees or their
agent for transfer or reissuance.
There can be no assurance as to the market prices for the Preferred
Securities or the Subordinated Debentures that may be distributed in exchange
for Preferred Securities if a dissolution and liquidation of Capital Trust
were to occur. The Preferred Securities that an investor may purchase, or the
Subordinated Debentures that an investor may receive on dissolution and
liquidation of Capital Trust, may, therefore, trade at a discount to the price
that the investor paid to purchase the Preferred Securities offered hereby.
REDEMPTION PROCEDURES
Preferred Securities redeemed on each Redemption Date will be redeemed at
the Redemption Price with the applicable proceeds from the contemporaneous
redemption of the Subordinated Debentures. Redemptions of the Preferred
Securities will be made and the Redemption Price will be payable on each
Redemption Date only to the extent that Capital Trust has funds on hand
available for the payment of such Redemption Price. See "--Subordination of
Common Securities."
If Capital Trust gives a notice of redemption in respect of its Preferred
Securities, then the Property Trustee, to the extent funds are available, will
irrevocably deposit with the paying agent for the Preferred Securities funds
sufficient to pay the aggregate Redemption Price and will give the paying
agent for the Preferred Securities irrevocable instructions and authority to
pay the Redemption Price to the holders thereof upon surrender of their
certificates evidencing such Preferred Securities. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, Distributions payable on or prior to the Redemption Date for any
Preferred Securities called for redemption will be payable to the holders of
such Preferred Securities on the relevant record dates for the related
Distribution Dates. If notice of redemption will have been given and funds
deposited as required, then upon the date of such deposit, all rights of the
holders of such Preferred Securities so called for redemption will cease,
except the right of the holders of such Preferred Securities to receive the
Redemption Price, but without interest on such Redemption Price, and such
Preferred Securities will cease to be outstanding. In the event that any date
fixed for redemption of Preferred Securities is not a Business Day, then
payment of the Redemption Price payable on such date will be made on the next
succeeding day which is a Business Day (and without any additional
Distribution, interest or other payment in respect of any such delay) with the
same force and effect as if made on such date. In the event that payment of
the Redemption Price in respect of Preferred Securities called for redemption
is improperly withheld or refused and not paid either by Capital Trust, or by
the Company pursuant to the Guarantee, Distributions on such Preferred
Securities will continue to accrue at the then applicable rate, from the
Redemption Date originally established by Capital Trust for such Preferred
Securities to the date such Redemption Price is actually paid, in which case
the actual payment date will be considered the date fixed for redemption for
purposes of calculating the Redemption Price. See "Description of the
Guarantee."
Subject to applicable law (including, without limitation, United States
federal securities law) and further provided, that the Company has not and is
not continuing to exercise its right to defer interest payments, the Company
or its subsidiaries may at any time and from time to time purchase outstanding
Preferred Securities by tender, in the open market or by private agreement.
Payment of the Redemption Price on the Preferred Securities and any
distribution of Subordinated Debentures to holders of Preferred Securities
will be made to the applicable recordholders thereof as they appear on the
register for the Preferred Securities on the relevant record date, which date
will be the date 15 days prior to the Redemption Date or liquidation date, as
applicable.
If less than all of the Trust Securities are to be redeemed on a Redemption
Date, then the aggregate Liquidation Amount of such Trust Securities to be
redeemed will be allocated pro rata to the Trust Securities based upon the
relative Liquidation Amounts of such classes. The particular Preferred
Securities to be redeemed will be selected by the Property Trustee from the
outstanding Preferred Securities not previously called for
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redemption, by such method as the Property Trustee deems fair and appropriate
and which may provide for the selection for redemption of portions (equal to
$25 or an integral multiple of $25 in excess thereof) of the Liquidation
Amount of Preferred Securities of a denomination larger than $25. The Property
Trustee will promptly notify the registrar for the Preferred Securities in
writing of the Preferred Securities selected for redemption and, in the case
of any Preferred Securities selected for partial redemption, the Liquidation
Amount thereof to be redeemed. For all purposes of the Trust Agreement, unless
the context otherwise requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of
Preferred Securities will relate to the portion of the aggregate Liquidation
Amount of Preferred Securities which has been or is to be redeemed.
Notice of any redemption will be mailed at least 30 days but not more than
60 days before the Redemption Date to each holder of Trust Securities to be
redeemed at its registered address. Unless the Company defaults in payment of
the redemption price on the Subordinated Debentures, on and after the
Redemption Date interest will cease to accrue on such Subordinated Debentures
or portions thereof (and Distributions will cease to accrue on the related
Preferred Securities or portions thereof) called for redemption.
SUBORDINATION OF COMMON SECURITIES
Payment of Distributions on, and the Redemption Price of, the Preferred
Securities and Common Securities, as applicable, will be made pro rata based
on the Liquidation Amount of the Preferred Securities and Common Securities;
provided, however, that if on any Distribution Date or Redemption Date a
Debenture Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, no payment of any
Distribution on, or Redemption Price of, any of the Common Securities, and no
other payment on account of the redemption, liquidation or other acquisition
of such Common Securities, will be made unless payment in full in cash of all
accumulated and unpaid Distributions on all of the outstanding Preferred
Securities for all Distribution periods terminating on or prior thereto, or in
the case of payment of the Redemption Price the full amount of such Redemption
Price on all of the outstanding Preferred Securities then called for
redemption, will have been made or provided for, and all funds available to
the Property Trustee will first be applied to the payment in full in cash of
all Distributions on, or Redemption Price of, the Preferred Securities then
due and payable.
In the case of any Event of Default resulting from a Debenture Event of
Default, the Company as holder of the Common Securities will be deemed to have
waived any right to act with respect to any such Event of Default under the
Trust Agreement until the effect of all such Events of Default with respect to
the Preferred Securities have been cured, waived or otherwise eliminated.
Until any such Events of Default under the Trust Agreement with respect to the
Preferred Securities has been so cured, waived or otherwise eliminated, the
Property Trustee will act solely on behalf of the holders of the Preferred
Securities and not on behalf of the Company, as holder of the Common
Securities, and only the holders of the Preferred Securities will have the
right to direct the Property Trustee to act on their behalf.
LIQUIDATION DISTRIBUTION UPON TERMINATION
The Company will have the right at any time to dissolve, wind-up or
terminate Capital Trust and cause the Subordinated Debentures to be
distributed to the holders of the Preferred Securities. Such right is subject,
however, to the Company having received prior approval of the Federal Reserve
if then required under applicable capital guidelines or policies of the
Federal Reserve.
Pursuant to the Trust Agreement, Capital Trust will automatically terminate
upon expiration of its term and will terminate earlier on the first to occur
of (i) certain events of bankruptcy, dissolution or liquidation of the
Company, (ii) the distribution of a Like Amount of the Subordinated Debentures
to the holders of its Trust Securities, if the Company, as depositor, has
given written direction to the Property Trustee to terminate Capital Trust
(which direction is optional and wholly within the discretion of the Company,
as depositor), (iii) redemption of all of the Preferred Securities as
described under "Description of the Preferred Securities--Redemption or
Exchange--Mandatory Redemption," or (iv) the entry of an order for the
dissolution of Capital Trust by a court of competent jurisdiction.
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If an early termination occurs as described in clause (i), (ii) or (iv) of
the preceding paragraph, Capital Trust will be liquidated by the Trustees as
expeditiously as the Trustees determine to be possible by distributing, after
satisfaction of liabilities to creditors of Capital Trust as provided by
applicable law, to the holders of such Trust Securities a Like Amount of the
Subordinated Debentures, unless such distribution is determined by the
Property Trustee not to be practical, in which event such holders will be
entitled to receive out of the assets of Capital Trust available for
distribution to holders, after satisfaction of liabilities to creditors of
Capital Trust as provided by applicable law, an amount equal to, in the case
of holders of Preferred Securities, the aggregate of the Liquidation Amount
plus accrued and unpaid Distributions thereon to the date of payment (such
amount being the "Liquidation Distribution"). If such Liquidation Distribution
can be paid only in part because Capital Trust has insufficient assets
available to pay in full the aggregate Liquidation Distribution, then the
amounts payable directly by Capital Trust on the Preferred Securities will be
paid on a pro rata basis. The Company, as the holder of the Common Securities,
will be entitled to receive distributions upon any such liquidation pro rata
with the holders of the Preferred Securities, except that, if a Debenture
Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Preferred Securities will
have a priority over the Common Securities. See "--Subordination of Common
Securities."
Under current United States federal income tax law and interpretations and
assuming, as expected, that Capital Trust is treated as a grantor trust, a
distribution of the Subordinated Debentures should not be a taxable event to
holders of the Preferred Securities. Should there be a change in law, a change
in legal interpretation, a Tax Event or other circumstances, however, the
distribution could be a taxable event to holders of the Preferred Securities.
See "Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences--Receipt of Subordinated
Debentures or Cash Upon Liquidation of Capital Trust." If the Company elects
neither to redeem the Subordinated Debentures prior to maturity nor to
liquidate Capital Trust and distribute the Subordinated Debentures to holders
of the Preferred Securities, the Preferred Securities will remain outstanding
until the repayment of the Subordinated Debentures.
If the Company elects to liquidate Capital Trust and thereby causes the
Subordinated Debentures to be distributed to holders of the Preferred
Securities in liquidation of Capital Trust, the Company will continue to have
the right to shorten or extend the maturity of such Subordinated Debentures,
subject to certain conditions. See "Description of the Subordinated
Debentures--General."
LIQUIDATION VALUE
The amount of the Liquidation Distribution payable on the Preferred
Securities in the event of any liquidation of Capital Trust is $25 per
Preferred Security plus accrued and unpaid Distributions thereon to the date
of payment, which may be in the form of a distribution of such amount in
Subordinated Debentures, subject to certain exceptions. See "--Liquidation
Distribution Upon Termination."
EVENTS OF DEFAULT; NOTICE
Any one of the following events constitutes an event of default under the
Trust Agreement (an "Event of Default") with respect to the Preferred
Securities (whatever the reason for such Event of Default and whether
voluntary or involuntary or effected by operation of law or pursuant to any
judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any
administrative or governmental body):
(i) the occurrence of a Debenture Event of Default (see "Description of
the Subordinated Debentures--Debenture Events of Default"); or
(ii) default by Capital Trust in the payment of any Distribution when it
becomes due and payable, and continuation of such default for a period of
30 days; or
(iii) default by Capital Trust in the payment of any Redemption Price of
any Trust Security when it becomes due and payable; or
(iv) default in the performance, or breach, in any material respect, of
any covenant or warranty of the Trustees in the Trust Agreement (other than
a covenant or warranty a default in the performance of which or the breach
of which is dealt with in clauses (ii) or (iii) above), and continuation of
such default or breach
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for a period of 60 days after there has been given, by registered or
certified mail, to the Trustee(s) by the holders of at least 25% in
aggregate Liquidation Amount of the outstanding Preferred Securities, a
written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be
remedied and stating that such notice is a "Notice of Default" under the
Trust Agreement; or
(v) the occurrence of certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency with
respect to the Property Trustee and the failure by the Company to appoint a
successor Property Trustee within 60 days thereof.
Within five Business Days after the occurrence of any Event of Default
actually known to the Property Trustee, the Property Trustee will transmit
notice of such Event of Default to the holders of the Preferred Securities,
the Administrative Trustees and the Company, as depositor, unless such Event
of Default has been cured or waived. The Company, as depositor, and the
Administrative Trustees are required to file annually with the Property
Trustee a certificate as to whether or not they are in compliance with all the
conditions and covenants applicable to them under the Trust Agreement.
If a Debenture Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the
Preferred Securities will have a preference over the Common Securities upon
termination of Capital Trust. See "--Liquidation Distribution Upon
Termination." The existence of an Event of Default does not entitle the
holders of Preferred Securities to accelerate the maturity thereof.
REMOVAL OF CAPITAL TRUST TRUSTEES
Unless a Debenture Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, any
Trustee may be removed at any time by the holder of the Common Securities. If
a Debenture Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Property
Trustee and the Delaware Trustee may be removed at such time by the holders of
a majority in Liquidation Amount of the outstanding Preferred Securities. In
no event, however, will the holders of the Preferred Securities have the right
to vote to appoint, remove or replace the Administrative Trustees, which
voting rights are vested exclusively in the Company as the holder of the
Common Securities. No resignation or removal of a Trustee and no appointment
of a successor trustee will be effective until the acceptance of appointment
by the successor trustee in accordance with the provisions of the Trust
Agreement.
CO-TRUSTEES AND SEPARATE PROPERTY TRUSTEE
Unless an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, at any time or
times, for the purpose of meeting the legal requirements of the Trust
Indenture Act or of any jurisdiction in which any part of the Trust Property
(as defined in the Trust Agreement) may at the time be located, the Company,
as the holder of the Common Securities, will have power to appoint one or more
Persons (as defined in the Trust Agreement) either to act as a co-trustee,
jointly with the Property Trustee, of all or any part of such Trust Property,
or to act as separate trustee of any such Trust Property, in either case with
such powers as may be provided in the instrument of appointment, and to vest
in such Person or Persons in such capacity any property, title, right or power
deemed necessary or desirable, subject to the provisions of the Trust
Agreement. In case a Debenture Event of Default has occurred and is
continuing, the Property Trustee alone will have power to make such
appointment.
MERGER OR CONSOLIDATION OF TRUSTEES
Any Person into which the Property Trustee, the Delaware Trustee or any
Administrative Trustee that is not a natural Person may be merged or converted
or with which it may be consolidated, or any Person resulting from any merger,
conversion or consolidation to which such Trustee is a party, or any Person
succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate trust business of such
Trustee, will be the successor of such Trustee under the Trust Agreement,
provided such Person is otherwise qualified and eligible.
MERGERS, CONSOLIDATIONS, AMALGAMATIONS OR REPLACEMENTS OF CAPITAL TRUST
Capital Trust may not merge with or into, consolidate, amalgamate, or be
replaced by, or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets
substantially as an entirety to any corporation or other Person, except as
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described below. Capital Trust may, at the request of the Company, with the
consent of the Administrative Trustees and without the consent of the holders
of the Preferred Securities, the Property Trustee or the Delaware Trustee,
merge with or into, consolidate, amalgamate, or be replaced by or convey,
transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to a
trust organized as such under the laws of any State; provided, that (i) such
successor entity either (a) expressly assumes all of the obligations of
Capital Trust with respect to the Preferred Securities, or (b) substitutes for
the Preferred Securities other securities having substantially the same terms
as the Preferred Securities (the "Successor Securities") so long as the
Successor Securities rank the same as the Preferred Securities rank in
priority with respect to distributions and payments upon liquidation,
redemption and otherwise, (ii) the Company expressly appoints a trustee of
such successor entity possessing the same powers and duties as the Property
Trustee in its capacity as the holder of the Subordinated Debentures,
(iii) the Successor Securities are listed, or any Successor Securities will be
listed upon notification of issuance, on any national securities exchange or
other organization on which the Preferred Securities are then listed
(including, if applicable, the Nasdaq National MarketSM), if any, (iv) such
merger, consolidation, amalgamation, replacement, conveyance, transfer or
lease does not adversely affect the rights, preferences and privileges of the
holders of the Preferred Securities (including any Successor Securities) in
any material respect, (v) prior to such merger, consolidation, amalgamation,
replacement, conveyance, transfer or lease, the Company has received an
opinion from independent counsel to the effect that (a) such merger,
consolidation, amalgamation, replacement, conveyance, transfer or lease does
not adversely affect the rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of
the Preferred Securities (including any Successor Securities) in any material
respect, and (b) following such merger, consolidation, amalgamation,
replacement, conveyance, transfer or lease, neither Capital Trust nor such
successor entity will be required to register as an "investment company" under
the Investment Company Act, and (vi) the Company owns all of the common
securities of such successor entity and guarantees the obligations of such
successor entity under the Successor Securities at least to the extent
provided by the Guarantee. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Capital Trust will
not, except with the consent of holders of 100% in Liquidation Amount of the
Preferred Securities, consolidate, amalgamate, merge with or into, or be
replaced by or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets
substantially as an entirety to any other Person or permit any other Person to
consolidate, amalgamate, merge with or into, or replace it if such
consolidation, amalgamation, merger, replacement, conveyance, transfer or
lease would cause Capital Trust or the successor entity to be classified as
other than a grantor trust for United States federal income tax purposes.
VOTING RIGHTS; AMENDMENT OF TRUST AGREEMENT
Except as provided below and under "Description of the Guarantee--Amendments
and Assignment" and as otherwise required by the Trust Act and the Trust
Agreement, the holders of the Preferred Securities will have no voting rights.
The Trust Agreement may be amended from time to time by the Company, the
Property Trustee and the Administrative Trustees, without the consent of the
holders of the Preferred Securities (i) with respect to acceptance of
appointment by a successor trustee, (ii) to cure any ambiguity, correct or
supplement any provisions in such Trust Agreement that may be inconsistent
with any other provision, or to make any other provisions with respect to
matters or questions arising under the Trust Agreement (provided such
amendment is not inconsistent with the other provisions of the Trust
Agreement), or (iii) to modify, eliminate or add to any provisions of the
Trust Agreement to such extent as is necessary to ensure that Capital Trust
will be classified for United States federal income tax purposes as a grantor
trust at all times that any Trust Securities are outstanding or to ensure that
Capital Trust will not be required to register as an "investment company"
under the Investment Company Act; provided, however, that in the case of
clause (ii), such action may not adversely affect in any material respect the
interests of any holder of Trust Securities, and any amendments of such Trust
Agreement will become effective when notice thereof is given to the holders of
Trust Securities. The Trust Agreement may be amended by the Trustees and the
Company with (i) the consent of holders representing not less than a majority
in the aggregate Liquidation Amount of the outstanding Trust Securities, and
(ii) receipt by the Trustees of an opinion of counsel to the effect that such
amendment or the exercise of any power granted to the Trustees in accordance
with such amendment will not affect Capital Trust's status as a grantor trust
for United
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States federal income tax purposes or Capital Trust's exemption from status as
an "investment company" under the Investment Company Act. Notwithstanding
anything in this paragraph to the contrary, without the consent of each holder
of Trust Securities, the Trust Agreement may not be amended to (a) change the
amount or timing of any Distribution on the Trust Securities or otherwise
adversely affect the amount of any Distribution required to be made in respect
of the Trust Securities as of a specified date, or (b) restrict the right of a
holder of Trust Securities to institute suit for the enforcement of any such
payment on or after such date.
The Trustees will not, so long as any Subordinated Debentures are held by
the Property Trustee, (i) direct the time, method and place of conducting any
proceeding for any remedy available to the Debenture Trustee, or executing any
trust or power conferred on the Property Trustee with respect to the
Subordinated Debentures, (ii) waive any past default that is waivable under
the Indenture, (iii) exercise any right to rescind or annul a declaration that
the principal of all the Subordinated Debentures will be due and payable, or
(iv) consent to any amendment, modification or termination of the Indenture or
the Subordinated Debentures, where such consent is required, without, in each
case, obtaining the prior approval of the holders of a majority in aggregate
Liquidation Amount of all outstanding Preferred Securities; provided, however,
that where a consent under the Indenture requires the consent of each holder
of Subordinated Debentures affected thereby, no such consent will be given by
the Property Trustee without the prior consent of each holder of the Preferred
Securities. The Trustees may not revoke any action previously authorized or
approved by a vote of the holders of the Preferred Securities except by
subsequent vote of the holders of the Preferred Securities. The Property
Trustee will notify each holder of Preferred Securities of any notice of
default with respect to the Subordinated Debentures. In addition to obtaining
the foregoing approvals of the holders of the Preferred Securities, prior to
taking any of the foregoing actions, the Trustees must obtain an opinion of
counsel experienced in such matters to the effect that Capital Trust will not
be classified as an association taxable as a corporation for United States
federal income tax purposes on account of such action.
Any required approval of holders of Preferred Securities may be given at a
meeting of holders of Preferred Securities convened for such purpose or
pursuant to written consent. The Property Trustee will cause a notice of any
meeting at which holders of Preferred Securities are entitled to vote, or of
any matter upon which action by written consent of such holders is to be
taken, to be given to each holder of record of Preferred Securities in the
manner set forth in the Trust Agreement.
No vote or consent of the holders of Preferred Securities will be required
for Capital Trust to redeem and cancel its Preferred Securities in accordance
with the Trust Agreement.
Notwithstanding the fact that holders of Preferred Securities are entitled
to vote or consent under any of the circumstances described above, any of the
Preferred Securities that are owned by the Company, the Trustees or any
affiliate of the Company or any Trustee, will, for purposes of such vote or
consent, be treated as if they were not outstanding.
PAYMENT AND PAYING AGENCY
Payments in respect of the Preferred Securities will be made by check mailed
to the address of the holder entitled thereto as such address will appear on
the register of holders of the Preferred Securities. The paying agent for the
Preferred Securities will initially be the Property Trustee and any co-paying
agent chosen by the Property Trustee and acceptable to the Administrative
Trustees and the Company. The paying agent for the Preferred Securities may
resign as paying agent upon 30 days' written notice to the Property Trustee
and the Company. In the event that the Property Trustee no longer is the
paying agent for the Preferred Securities, the Administrative Trustees will
appoint a successor (which must be a bank or trust company acceptable to the
Administrative Trustees and the Company) to act as paying agent.
REGISTRAR AND TRANSFER AGENT
The Property Trustee will act as the registrar and the transfer agent for
the Preferred Securities. Registration of transfers of Preferred Securities
will be effected without charge by or on behalf of Capital Trust, but upon
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payment of any tax or other governmental charges that may be imposed in
connection with any transfer or exchange. Capital Trust will not be required
to register or cause to be registered the transfer of Preferred Securities
after such Preferred Securities have been called for redemption.
INFORMATION CONCERNING THE PROPERTY TRUSTEE
The Property Trustee, other than upon the occurrence and during the
continuance of an Event of Default, undertakes to perform only such duties as
are specifically set forth in the Trust Agreement and, after such Event of
Default, must exercise the same degree of care and skill as a prudent Person
would exercise or use in the conduct of his or her own affairs. Subject to
this provision, the Property Trustee is under no obligation to exercise any of
the powers vested in it by the Trust Agreement at the request of any holder of
Preferred Securities unless it is offered reasonable indemnity against the
costs, expenses and liabilities that might be incurred thereby. If no Event of
Default has occurred and is continuing and the Property Trustee is required to
decide between alternative causes of action, construe ambiguous provisions in
the Trust Agreement or is unsure of the application of any provision of the
Trust Agreement, and the matter is not one on which holders of Preferred
Securities are entitled under the Trust Agreement to vote, then the Property
Trustee will take such action as is directed by the Company and if not so
directed, will take such action as it deems advisable and in the best
interests of the holders of the Trust Securities and will have no liability
except for its own bad faith, negligence or willful misconduct.
MISCELLANEOUS
The Administrative Trustees are authorized and directed to conduct the
affairs of and to operate Capital Trust in such a way that Capital Trust will
not be deemed to be an "investment company" required to be registered under
the Investment Company Act or classified as an association taxable as a
corporation for United States federal income tax purposes and so that the
Subordinated Debentures will be treated as indebtedness of the Company for
United States federal income tax purposes. The Company and the Administrative
Trustees are authorized, in this connection, to take any action, not
inconsistent with applicable law, the certificate of trust of Capital Trust or
the Trust Agreement, that the Company and the Administrative Trustees
determine in their discretion to be necessary or desirable for such purposes.
Holders of the Preferred Securities have no preemptive or similar rights.
The Trust Agreement and the Preferred Securities will be governed by, and
construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of Delaware.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES
Concurrently with the issuance of the Preferred Securities, Capital Trust
will invest the proceeds thereof, together with the consideration paid by the
Company for the Common Securities, in the Subordinated Debentures issued by
the Company. The Subordinated Debentures will be issued as unsecured debt
under the Indenture, dated as of January , 1997 ("Indenture"), between the
Company and State Street Bank and Trust Company, as trustee (the "Debenture
Trustee"). The Indenture will be qualified as an indenture under the Trust
Indenture Act. The following summary of the material terms and provisions of
the Subordinated Debentures and the Indenture does not purport to be complete
and is subject to, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, the
Indenture and to the Trust Indenture Act. Wherever particular defined terms of
the Indenture are referred to, but not defined herein, such defined terms are
incorporated herein by reference. The form of the Indenture has been filed as
an exhibit to the Registration Statement of which this Prospectus forms a
part.
GENERAL
The Subordinated Debentures will be limited in aggregate principal amount to
approximately $37.5 million (or $43.1 million if the overallotment option
described under the heading "Underwriting" is exercised by the Underwriters),
such amount being the sum of the aggregate stated Liquidation Amount of the
Trust Securities.
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The Subordinated Debentures will bear interest at the annual rate of % of the
principal amount thereof, payable quarterly in arrears on the last calendar
day of each of March, June, September and December of each year (each, an
"Interest Payment Date") beginning March 31, 1997, to the Person (as defined
in the Indenture) in whose name each Subordinated Debenture is registered,
subject to certain exceptions, at the close of business on the Business Day
next preceding such Interest Payment Date. It is anticipated that, until the
liquidation, if any, of Capital Trust, the Subordinated Debentures will be
held in the name of the Property Trustee in trust for the benefit of the
holders of the Preferred Securities. The amount of interest payable for any
period will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day
months. In the event that any date on which interest is payable on the
Subordinated Debentures is not a Business Day, then payment of the interest
payable on such date will be made on the next succeeding day that is a
Business Day (and without any interest or other payment in respect of any such
delay) with the same force and effect as if made on the date such payment was
originally due and payable. Accrued interest that is not paid on the
applicable Interest Payment Date will bear additional interest on the amount
thereof (to the extent permitted by law) at the rate per annum of % thereof,
compounded quarterly. The term "interest," as used herein, includes quarterly
interest payments, interest on quarterly interest payments not paid on the
applicable Interest Payment Date and Additional Interest, as applicable.
The Subordinated Debentures will mature on March 31, 2027 (such date, as it
may be shortened or extended as hereinafter described, the "Stated Maturity").
Such date may be shortened at any time by the Company to any date not earlier
than March 31, 2002, subject to the Company having received prior approval of
the Federal Reserve if then required under applicable capital guidelines or
policies of the Federal Reserve. Such date may also be extended at any time at
the election of the Company but in no event to a date later than March 31,
2046, provided that at the time such election is made and at the time of
extension (i) the Company is not in bankruptcy, otherwise insolvent or in
liquidation, (ii) the Company is not in default in the payment of any interest
or principal on the Subordinated Debentures, and (ii) Capital Trust is not in
arrears on payments of Distributions on the Preferred Securities and no
deferred Distributions are accumulated. In the event that the Company elects
to shorten or extend the Stated Maturity of the Subordinated Debentures, it
will give notice to the Debenture Trustee, Capital Trust and to the holders of
the Subordinated Debentures no more than 180 days and no less than 90 days
prior to the effectiveness thereof. The Company will not have the right to
purchase the Subordinated Debentures, in whole or in part, from Capital Trust
until after March 31, 2002, except if a Tax Event or an Investment Company
Event has occurred and is continuing.
The Subordinated Debentures will be unsecured and will rank junior and be
subordinate in right of payment to all Senior Debt, Subordinated Debt and
Additional Senior Obligations of the Company. Because the Company is a holding
company, the right of the Company to participate in any distribution of assets
of any Subsidiary Bank, upon any such Subsidiary Bank's liquidation or
reorganization or otherwise (and thus the ability of holders of the
Subordinated Debentures to benefit indirectly from such distribution), is
subject to the prior claim of creditors of such Subsidiary Bank, except to the
extent that the Company may itself be recognized as a creditor of such
Subsidiary Bank. The Subordinated Debentures will, therefore, be effectively
subordinated to all existing and future liabilities of the Subsidiary Banks,
and holders of Subordinated Debentures should look only to the assets of the
Company for payments on the Subordinated Debentures. The Indenture does not
limit the incurrence or issuance of other secured or unsecured debt of the
Company, including Senior Debt, Subordinated Debt and Additional Senior
Obligations, whether under the Indenture or any existing indenture or other
indenture that the Company may enter into in the future or otherwise. See "--
Subordination."
The Indenture does not contain provisions that afford holders of the
Subordinated Debentures protection in the event of a highly leveraged
transaction or other similar transaction involving the Company that may
adversely affect such holders.
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OPTION TO EXTEND INTEREST PAYMENT PERIOD
The Company has the right under the Indenture at any time during the term of
the Subordinated Debentures, so long as no Debenture Event of Default has
occurred and is continuing, to defer the payment of interest at any time, or
from time to time (each, an "Extended Interest Payment Period"). The right to
defer the payment of interest on the Subordinated Debentures is limited,
however, to a period, in each instance, not exceeding 20 consecutive quarters
and no Extended Interest Payment Period may extend beyond the Stated Maturity
of the Subordinated Debentures. At the end of each Extended Interest Payment
Period, the Company must pay all interest then accrued and unpaid (together
with interest thereon at the annual rate of %, compounded quarterly, to the
extent permitted by applicable law). During an Extended Interest Payment
Period, interest will continue to accrue and holders of Subordinated
Debentures (or the holders of Preferred Securities if such securities are then
outstanding) will be required to accrue and recognize income for United States
federal income tax purposes. See "Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences--
Potential Extension of Interest Payment Period and Original Issue Discount."
During any such Extended Interest Payment Period, the Company may not (i)
declare or pay any dividends or distributions on, or redeem, purchase, acquire
or make a liquidation payment with respect to, any of the Company's capital
stock (other than the reclassification of any class of the Company's capital
stock into another class of capital stock), (ii) make any payment of
principal, interest or premium, if any, on or repay, repurchase or redeem any
debt securities of the Company that rank pari passu with or junior in interest
to the Subordinated Debentures or make any guarantee payments with respect to
any guarantee by the Company of the debt securities of any subsidiary of the
Company if such guarantee ranks pari passu or junior in interest to the
Subordinated Debentures (other than payments under the Guarantee), or (iii)
redeem, purchase or acquire less than all of the Subordinated Debentures or
any of the Preferred Securities. Prior to the termination of any such Extended
Interest Payment Period, the Company may further defer the payment of
interest; provided that no Extended Interest Payment Period may exceed 20
consecutive quarters or extend beyond the Stated Maturity of the Subordinated
Debentures. Upon the termination of any such Extended Interest Payment Period
and the payment of all amounts then due on any Interest Payment Date, the
Company may elect to begin a new Extended Interest Payment Period subject to
the above requirements. No interest will be due and payable during an Extended
Interest Payment Period, except at the end thereof. The Company has no present
intention of exercising its rights to defer payments of interest on the
Subordinated Debentures. The Company must give the Property Trustee, the
Administrative Trustees and the Debenture Trustee notice of its election of
such Extended Interest Payment Period at least one Business Day prior to the
earlier of (i) the next succeeding date on which Distributions on the Trust
Securities would have been payable except for the election to begin such
Extended Interest Payment Period, or (ii) the date the Trust is required to
give notice of the record date, or the date such Distributions are payable, to
the Nasdaq National Market(TM) (or other applicable self-regulatory
organization) or to holders of the Preferred Securities, but in any event at
least one Business Day prior to such record date. Subject to the foregoing,
there is no limitation on the number of times that the Company may elect to
begin an Extended Interest Payment Period.
ADDITIONAL SUMS
If Capital Trust or the Property Trustee is required to pay any additional
taxes, duties or other governmental charges as a result of the occurrence of a
Tax Event, the Company will pay as additional amounts (referred to herein as
"Additional Interest") on the Subordinated Debentures such additional amounts
as may be required so that the net amounts received and retained by Capital
Trust after paying any such additional taxes, duties or other governmental
charges will not be less than the amounts Capital Trust would have received
had such additional taxes, duties or other governmental charges not been
imposed.
REDEMPTION OR EXCHANGE
The Company will have the right to redeem the Subordinated Debentures prior
to maturity (i) on or after March 31, 2002, in whole at any time or in part
from time to time, or (ii) at any time in whole (but not in part), within 180
days following the occurrence of a Tax Event or an Investment Company Event,
in each case at a
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redemption price equal to the accrued and unpaid interest on the Subordinated
Debentures so redeemed to the date fixed for redemption, plus 100% of the
principal amount thereof. Any such redemption prior to the Stated Maturity
will be subject to prior approval of the Federal Reserve if then required
under applicable capital guidelines or policies of the Federal Reserve.
"Tax Event" means the receipt by Capital Trust of an opinion of counsel
experienced in such matters to the effect that, as a result of any amendment
to, or change (including any announced prospective change) in, the laws (or
any regulations thereunder) of the United States or any political subdivision
or taxing authority thereof or therein, or as a result of any official
administrative pronouncement or judicial decision interpreting or applying
such laws or regulations, which amendment or change is effective or which
pronouncement or decision is announced on or after the date of issuance of the
Preferred Securities under the Trust Agreement, there is more than an
insubstantial risk that (i) interest payable by the Company on the
Subordinated Debentures is not, or within 90 days of the date of such opinion
will not be, deductible by the Company, in whole or in part, for United States
federal income tax purposes, (ii) Capital Trust is, or will be within 90 days
after the date of such opinion of counsel, subject to United States federal
income tax with respect to income received or accrued on the Subordinated
Debentures, or (iii) Capital Trust is, or will be within 90 days after the
date of such opinion of counsel, subject to more than a de minimis amount of
other taxes, duties, assessments or other governmental charges. The Company
must request and receive an opinion with regard to such matters within a
reasonable period of time after the Company becomes aware of the possible
occurrence of any of the events described in clauses (i) through (iii) above.
"Investment Company Event" means the receipt by Capital Trust of an opinion
of counsel experienced in such matters to the effect that, as a result of the
occurrence of a change in law or regulation or a change in interpretation or
application of law or regulation by any legislative body, court, governmental
agency or regulatory authority, Capital Trust is or will be considered an
"investment company" that is required to be registered under the Investment
Company Act, which change becomes effective on or after the date of original
issuance of the Preferred Securities.
Notice of any redemption will be mailed at least 30 days but not more than
60 days before the redemption date to each holder of Subordinated Debentures
to be redeemed at its registered address. Unless the Company defaults in
payment of the redemption price for the Subordinated Debentures, on and after
the redemption date interest ceases to accrue on such Subordinated Debentures
or portions thereof called for redemption.
The Subordinated Debentures will not be subject to any sinking fund.
DISTRIBUTION UPON LIQUIDATION
As described under "Description of the Preferred Securities--Liquidation
Distribution Upon Termination," under certain circumstances involving the
termination of Capital Trust, the Subordinated Debentures may be distributed
to the holders of the Preferred Securities in liquidation of Capital Trust
after satisfaction of liabilities to creditors of Capital Trust as provided by
applicable law. Any such distribution will be subject to receipt of prior
approval by the Federal Reserve if then required under applicable policies or
guidelines of the Federal Reserve. If the Subordinated Debentures are
distributed to the holders of Preferred Securities upon the liquidation of
Capital Trust, the Company will use its best efforts to list the Subordinated
Debentures on the Nasdaq National Market(TM) or such stock exchanges, if any,
on which the Preferred Securities are then listed. There can be no assurance
as to the market price of any Subordinated Debentures that may be distributed
to the holders of Preferred Securities.
RESTRICTIONS ON CERTAIN PAYMENTS
If at any time (i) there has occurred a Debenture Event of Default, (ii) the
Company is in default with respect to its obligations under the Guarantee, or
(iii) the Company has given notice of its election of an Extended Interest
Payment Period as provided in the Indenture with respect to the Subordinated
Debentures and has not
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rescinded such notice, or such Extended Interest Payment Period, or any
extension thereof, is continuing, the Company will not (1) declare or pay any
dividends or distributions on, or redeem, purchase, acquire, or make a
liquidation payment with respect to, any of the Company's capital stock (other
than the reclassification of any class of the Company's capital stock into
another class of capital stock), (2) make any payment of principal, interest
or premium, if any, on or repay or repurchase or redeem any debt securities of
the Company that rank pari passu with or junior in interest to the
Subordinated Debentures or make any guarantee payments with respect to any
guarantee by the Company of the debt securities of any subsidiary of the
Company if such guarantee ranks pari passu or junior in interest to the
Subordinated Debentures (other than payments under the Guarantee), or (3)
redeem, purchase or acquire less than all of the Subordinated Debentures or
any of the Preferred Securities.
SUBORDINATION
The Indenture provides that the Subordinated Debentures issued thereunder
are subordinated and junior in right of payment to all Senior Debt,
Subordinated Debt and Additional Senior Obligations of the Company. Upon any
payment or distribution of assets to creditors upon any liquidation,
dissolution, winding up, reorganization, assignment for the benefit of
creditors, marshaling of assets or any bankruptcy, insolvency, debt
restructuring or similar proceedings in connection with any insolvency or
bankruptcy proceedings of the Company, the holders of Senior Debt,
Subordinated Debt and Additional Senior Obligations of the Company will first
be entitled to receive payment in full of principal of (and premium, if any)
and interest, if any, on such Senior Debt, Subordinated Debt and Additional
Senior Obligations of the Company before the holders of Subordinated
Debentures will be entitled to receive or retain any payment in respect of the
principal of or interest on the Subordinated Debentures.
In the event of the acceleration of the maturity of any Subordinated
Debentures, the holders of all Senior Debt, Subordinated Debt and Additional
Senior Obligations of the Company outstanding at the time of such acceleration
will first be entitled to receive payment in full of all amounts due thereon
(including any amounts due upon acceleration) before the holders of the
Subordinated Debentures will be entitled to receive or retain any payment in
respect of the principal of or interest on the Subordinated Debentures.
No payments on account of principal or interest in respect of the
Subordinated Debentures may be made if there has occurred and is continuing a
default in any payment with respect to Senior Debt, Subordinated Debt or
Additional Senior Obligations of the Company or an event of default with
respect to any Senior Debt, Subordinated Debt or Additional Senior Obligations
of the Company resulting in the acceleration of the maturity thereof, or if
any judicial proceeding is pending with respect to any such default.
"Debt" means, with respect to any Person, whether recourse is to all or a
portion of the assets of such Person and whether or not contingent, (i) every
obligation of such Person for money borrowed, (ii) every obligation of such
Person evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or other similar instruments,
including obligations incurred in connection with the acquisition of property,
assets or businesses, (iii) every reimbursement obligation of such Person with
respect to letters of credit, bankers' acceptances or similar facilities
issued for the account of such Person, (iv) every obligation of such Person
issued or assumed as the deferred purchase price of property or services (but
excluding trade accounts payable or accrued liabilities arising in the
ordinary course of business), (v) every capital lease obligation of such
Person, and (vi) and every obligation of the type referred to in clauses (i)
through (v) of another Person and all dividends of another Person the payment
of which, in either case, such Person has guaranteed or is responsible or
liable, directly or indirectly, as obligor or otherwise.
"Senior Debt" means, with respect to the Company, the principal of (and
premium, if any) and interest, if any (including interest accruing on or after
the filing of any petition in bankruptcy or for reorganization relating to the
Company whether or not such claim for post-petition interest is allowed in
such proceeding), on Debt, whether incurred on or prior to the date of the
Indenture or thereafter incurred, unless, in the instrument creating or
evidencing the same or pursuant to which the same is outstanding, it is
provided that such obligations are not superior in right of payment to the
Subordinated Debentures or to other Debt which is pari passu with, or
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subordinated to, the Subordinated Debentures; provided, however, that Senior
Debt will not be deemed to include (i) any Debt of the Company which when
incurred and without respect to any election under section 1111(b) of the
United States Bankruptcy Code of 1978, as amended, was without recourse to the
Company, (ii) any Debt of the Company to any of its subsidiaries, (iii) any
Debt to any employee of the Company, (iv) any Debt which by its terms is
subordinated to trade accounts payable or accrued liabilities arising in the
ordinary course of business to the extent that payments made to the holders of
such Debt by the holders of the Subordinated Debentures as a result of the
subordination provisions of the Indenture would be greater than they otherwise
would have been as a result of any obligation of such holders to pay amounts
over to the obligees on such trade accounts payable or accrued liabilities
arising in the ordinary course of business as a result of subordination
provisions to which such Debt is subject, and (v) Debt which constitutes
Subordinated Debt.
"Subordinated Debt" means, with respect to the Company, the principal of
(and premium, if any) and interest, if any (including interest accruing on or
after the filing of any petition in bankruptcy or for reorganization relating
to the Company whether or not such claim for post-petition interest is allowed
in such proceeding), on Debt, whether incurred on or prior to the date of the
Indenture or thereafter incurred, which is by its terms expressly provided to
be junior and subordinate to other Debt of the Company (other than the
Subordinated Debentures).
"Additional Senior Obligations" means, with respect to the Company, all
indebtedness, whether incurred on or prior to the date of the Indenture or
thereafter incurred, for claims in respect of derivative products such as
interest and foreign exchange rate contracts, commodity contracts and similar
arrangements; provided, however, that Additional Senior Obligations do not
include claims in respect of Senior Debt or Subordinated Debt or obligations
which, by their terms, are expressly stated to be not superior in right of
payment to the Subordinated Debentures or to rank pari passu in right of
payment with the Subordinated Debentures. "Claim," as used herein, has the
meaning assigned thereto in Section 101(4) of the United States Bankruptcy
Code of 1978, as amended.
The Indenture places no limitation on the amount of additional Senior Debt,
Subordinated Debt or Additional Senior Obligations that may be incurred by the
Company. The Company expects from time to time to incur additional
indebtedness constituting Senior Debt, Subordinated Debt and Additional Senior
Obligations. As of September 30, 1996, the Company had consolidated Senior
Debt, Subordinated Debt and Additional Obligations of approximately $379.0
million. Because the Company is a holding company, the Subordinated Debentures
are effectively subordinated to all existing and future liabilities of the
Company's subsidiaries, including obligations to depositors of the Bank.
PAYMENT AND PAYING AGENTS
Payment of principal of and any interest on the Subordinated Debentures will
be made at the office of the Debenture Trustee in New York, New York, except
that, at the option of the Company, payment of any interest may be made (i) by
check mailed to the address of the Person entitled thereto as such address
appears in the register of holders of the Subordinated Debentures, or (ii) by
transfer to an account maintained by the Person entitled thereto as specified
in the register of holders of the Subordinated Debentures, provided that
proper transfer instructions have been received by the regular record date.
Payment of any interest on Subordinated Debentures will be made to the Person
in whose name such Subordinated Debenture is registered at the close of
business on the regular record date for such interest, except in the case of
defaulted interest. The Company may at any time designate additional paying
agents for the Subordinated Debentures or rescind the designation of any
paying agent for the Subordinated Debentures; however, the Company will at all
times be required to maintain a paying agent in New York, New York, and each
place of payment for the Subordinated Debentures.
Any moneys deposited with the Debenture Trustee or any paying agent for the
Subordinated Debentures, or then held by the Company in trust, for the payment
of the principal of or interest on the Subordinated Debentures and remaining
unclaimed for two years after such principal or interest has become due and
payable will be repaid to the Company on May 31 of each year or (if then held
in trust by the Company) will be discharged from such
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trust and the holder of such Subordinated Debenture will thereafter look, as a
general unsecured creditor, only to the Company for payment thereof.
REGISTRAR AND TRANSFER AGENT
The Debenture Trustee will act as the registrar and the transfer agent for
the Subordinated Debentures. Subordinated Debentures may be presented for
registration of transfer (with the form of transfer endorsed thereon, or a
satisfactory written instrument of transfer, duly executed), at the office of
the registrar. The Company may at any time rescind the designation of any such
transfer agent or approve a change in the location through which any such
transfer agent acts; provided that the Company maintains a transfer agent in
New York, New York. The Company may at any time designate additional transfer
agents with respect to the Subordinated Debentures. In the event of any
redemption, neither the Company nor the Debenture Trustee will be required to
(i) issue, register the transfer of or exchange Subordinated Debentures during
a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of
selection for redemption of Subordinated Debentures and ending at the close of
business on the day of mailing of the relevant notice of redemption, or (ii)
transfer or exchange any Subordinated Debentures so selected for redemption,
except, in the case of any Subordinated Debentures being redeemed in part, any
portion thereof not to be redeemed.
MODIFICATION OF INDENTURE
The Company and the Debenture Trustee may, from time to time without the
consent of the holders of the Subordinated Debentures, amend, waive or
supplement the Indenture for specified purposes, including, among other
things, curing ambiguities, defects or inconsistencies and qualifying, or
maintaining the qualification of, the Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act.
The Indenture contains provisions permitting the Company and the Debenture
Trustee, with the consent of the holders of not less than a majority in
principal amount of the outstanding Subordinated Debentures, to modify the
Indenture; provided, that no such modification may, without the consent of the
holder of each outstanding Subordinated Debenture affected by such proposed
modification, (i) extend the fixed maturity of the Subordinated Debentures, or
reduce the principal amount thereof, or reduce the rate or extend the time of
payment of interest thereon, or (ii) reduce the percentage of principal amount
of Subordinated Debentures, the holders of which are required to consent to
any such modification of the Indenture; provided that so long as any of the
Preferred Securities remain outstanding, no such modification may be made that
requires the consent of the holders of the Subordinated Debentures, and no
termination of the Indenture may occur, and no waiver of any Debenture Event
of Default may be effective, without the prior consent of the holders of at
least a majority of the aggregate Liquidation Amount of the Preferred
Securities.
DEBENTURE EVENTS OF DEFAULT
The Indenture provides that any one or more of the following described
events with respect to the Subordinated Debentures that has occurred and is
continuing constitutes an event of default (each, a "Debenture Event of
Default") with respect to the Subordinated Debentures:
(i) failure for 30 days to pay any interest on the Subordinated
Debentures, when due (subject to the deferral of any due date in the case
of an Extended Interest Payment Period); or
(ii) failure to pay any principal on the Subordinated Debentures when due
whether at maturity, upon redemption by declaration or otherwise; or
(iii) failure to observe or perform in any material respect certain other
covenants contained in the Indenture for 90 days after written notice to
the Company from the Debenture Trustee or the holders of at least 25% in
aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Subordinated Debentures; or
(iv) certain events in bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of the
Company.
The holders of a majority in aggregate outstanding principal amount of the
Subordinated Debentures have the right to direct the time, method and place of
conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Debenture Trustee.
The Debenture Trustee, or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate
outstanding principal
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amount of the Subordinated Debentures, may declare the principal due and
payable immediately upon a Debenture Event of Default. The holders of a
majority in aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Subordinated
Debentures may annul such declaration and waive the default if the default
(other than the non-payment of the principal of the Subordinated Debentures
which has become due solely by such acceleration) has been cured and a sum
sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest and principal due
otherwise than by acceleration has been deposited with the Debenture Trustee.
Should the holders of the Subordinated Debentures fail to annul such
declaration and waive such default, the holders of a majority in aggregate
Liquidation Amount of the Preferred Securities will have such right.
The Company is required to file annually with the Debenture Trustee a
certificate as to whether or not the Company is in compliance with all the
conditions and covenants applicable to it under the Indenture.
If a Debenture Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Property
Trustee will have the right to declare the principal of and the interest on
such Subordinated Debentures, and any other amounts payable under the
Indenture, to be forthwith due and payable and to enforce its other rights as
a creditor with respect to such Subordinated Debentures.
ENFORCEMENT OF CERTAIN RIGHTS BY HOLDERS OF THE PREFERRED SECURITIES
If a Debenture Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and such
event is attributable to the failure of the Company to pay interest on or
principal of the Subordinated Debentures on the payment date on which such
payment is due and payable, then a holder of Preferred Securities may
institute a legal proceeding directly against the Company for enforcement of
payment to such holder of the principal of or interest on such Subordinated
Debentures having a principal amount equal to the aggregate Liquidation Amount
of the Preferred Securities of such holder (a "Direct Action"). In connection
with such Direct Action, the Company will have a right of set-off under the
Indenture to the extent of any payment made by the Company to such holder of
Preferred Securities in the Direct Action. The Company may not amend the
Indenture to remove the foregoing right to bring a Direct Action without the
prior written consent of the holders of all of the Preferred Securities. If
the right to bring a Direct Action is removed, Capital Trust may become
subject to the reporting obligations under the Exchange Act. The Company has
the right under the Indenture to set-off any payment made to such holder of
Preferred Securities by the Company in connection with a Direct Action.
The holders of the Preferred Securities will not be able to exercise
directly any remedies, other than those set forth in the preceding paragraph,
available to the holders of the Subordinated Debentures unless there has been
an Event of Default under the Trust Agreement. See "Description of the
Preferred Securities--Events of Default; Notice."
CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, SALE OF ASSETS AND OTHER TRANSACTIONS
The Company may not consolidate with or merge into any other Person or
convey or transfer its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to
any Person, and no Person may consolidate with or merge into the Company or
sell, convey, transfer or otherwise dispose of its properties and assets
substantially as an entirety to the Company, unless (i) in the event the
Company consolidates with or merges into another Person or conveys or
transfers its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any
Person, the successor Person is organized under the laws of the United States
or any State or the District of Columbia, and such successor Person expressly
assumes by supplemental indenture the Company's obligations on the
Subordinated Debentures issued under the Indenture, and (ii) immediately after
giving effect thereto, no Debenture Event of Default, and no event which,
after notice or lapse of time, or both, would become a Debenture Event of
Default, has occurred and is continuing, and (iii) certain other conditions as
prescribed in the Indenture are met.
SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE
The Indenture will cease to be of further effect (except as to the Company's
obligations to pay certain sums due pursuant to the Indenture and to provide
certain officers' certificates and opinions of counsel described
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therein) and the Company will be deemed to have satisfied and discharged the
Indenture when, among other things, all Subordinated Debentures not previously
delivered to the Debenture Trustee for cancellation (i) have become due and
payable, or (ii) will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within
one year or are to be called for redemption within one year, and the Company
deposits or causes to be deposited with the Debenture Trustee funds, in trust,
for the purpose and in an amount sufficient to pay and discharge the entire
indebtedness on the Subordinated Debentures not previously delivered to the
Debenture Trustee for cancellation, for the principal and interest to the date
of the deposit or to the Stated Maturity or redemption date, as the case may
be.
GOVERNING LAW
The Indenture and the Subordinated Debentures will be governed by and
construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Indiana.
INFORMATION CONCERNING THE DEBENTURE TRUSTEE
The Debenture Trustee has and is subject to all the duties and
responsibilities specified with respect to an indenture trustee under the
Trust Indenture Act. Subject to such provisions, the Debenture Trustee is
under no obligation to exercise any of the powers vested in it by the
Indenture at the request of any holder of Subordinated Debentures, unless
offered reasonable indemnity by such holder against the costs, expenses and
liabilities which might be incurred thereby. The Debenture Trustee is not
required to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal financial
liability in the performance of its duties if the Debenture Trustee reasonably
believes that repayment or adequate indemnity is not reasonably assured to it.
MISCELLANEOUS
The Company has agreed, pursuant to the Indenture, for so long as Trust
Securities remain outstanding, (i) to maintain directly or indirectly 100%
ownership of the Common Securities of Capital Trust (provided that certain
successors which are permitted pursuant to the Indenture may succeed to the
Company's ownership of the Common Securities), (ii) not to voluntarily
terminate, wind up or liquidate Capital Trust, except upon prior approval of
the Federal Reserve if then so required under applicable capital guidelines or
policies of the Federal Reserve, and (a) in connection with a distribution of
Subordinated Debentures to the holders of the Preferred Securities in
liquidation of Capital Trust, or (b) in connection with certain mergers,
consolidations or amalgamations permitted by the Trust Agreement, and (iii) to
use its reasonable efforts, consistent with the terms and provisions of the
Trust Agreement, to cause Capital Trust to remain classified as a grantor
trust and not as an association taxable as a corporation for United States
federal income tax purposes.
DESCRIPTION OF THE GUARANTEE
The Preferred Securities Guarantee Agreement (the "Guarantee") will be
executed and delivered by the Company concurrently with the issuance of the
Preferred Securities for the benefit of the holders of the Preferred
Securities. The Guarantee will be qualified as an indenture under the Trust
Indenture Act. The Guarantee Trustee will act as indenture trustee under the
Guarantee for purposes of complying with the provisions of the Trust Indenture
Act. The Guarantee Trustee, State Street Bank and Trust Company, will hold the
Guarantee for the benefit of the holders of the Preferred Securities. The
following summary of the material terms and provisions of the Guarantee does
not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by
reference to, all of the provisions of the Guarantee and the Trust Indenture
Act. Wherever particular defined terms of the Guarantee are referred to, but
not defined herein, such defined terms are incorporated herein by reference.
The form of the Guarantee has been filed as an exhibit to the Registration
Statement of which this Prospectus forms a part.
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GENERAL
The Company will, pursuant to the Guarantee, irrevocably agree to pay in
full on a subordinated basis, to the extent set forth therein, the Guarantee
Payments (as defined below) to the holders of the Preferred Securities, as and
when due, regardless of any defense, right of set-off or counterclaim that
Capital Trust may have or assert other than the defense of payment. The
following payments with respect to the Preferred Securities, to the extent not
paid by or on behalf of Capital Trust (the "Guarantee Payments"), will be
subject to the Guarantee: (i) any accrued and unpaid Distributions required to
be paid on the Preferred Securities, to the extent that Capital Trust has
funds available therefor at such time, (ii) the Redemption Price with respect
to any Preferred Securities called for redemption to the extent that Capital
Trust has funds available therefor at such time, and (iii) upon a voluntary or
involuntary dissolution, winding up or liquidation of Capital Trust (other
than in connection with the distribution of Subordinated Debentures to the
holders of Preferred Securities or a redemption of all of the Preferred
Securities), the lesser of (a) the amount of the Liquidation Distribution, to
the extent Capital Trust has funds available therefor at such time, and (b)
the amount of assets of Capital Trust remaining available for distribution to
holders of Preferred Securities in liquidation of Capital Trust. The
obligation of the Company to make a Guarantee Payment may be satisfied by
direct payment of the required amounts by the Company to the holders of the
Preferred Securities or by causing Capital Trust to pay such amounts to such
holders.
The Guarantee will not apply to any payment of Distributions except to the
extent Capital Trust has funds available therefor. If the Company does not
make interest payments on the Subordinated Debentures held by Capital Trust,
Capital Trust will not pay Distributions on the Preferred Securities and will
not have funds legally available therefor.
STATUS OF THE GUARANTEE
The Guarantee will constitute an unsecured obligation of the Company and
will rank subordinate and junior in right of payment to all Senior Debt,
Subordinated Debt and Additional Senior Obligations of the Company in the same
manner as the Subordinated Debentures. The Guarantee does not place a
limitation on the amount of additional Senior Debt, Subordinated Debt or
Additional Senior Obligations that may be incurred by the Company. The Company
expects from time to time to incur additional indebtedness constituting Senior
Debt, Subordinated Debt and Additional Senior Obligations.
The Guarantee will constitute a guarantee of payment and not of collection
(that is, the guaranteed party may institute a legal proceeding directly
against the Company to enforce its rights under the Guarantee without first
instituting a legal proceeding against any other Person or entity). The
Guarantee will not be discharged except by payment of the Guarantee Payments
in full to the extent not paid by Capital Trust or upon distribution of the
Subordinated Debentures to the holders of the Preferred Securities. Because
the Company is a holding company, the right of the Company to participate in
any distribution of assets of any Subsidiary Bank upon such Subsidiary Bank's
liquidation or reorganization or otherwise is subject to the prior claims of
creditors of that Subsidiary Bank, except to the extent the Company may itself
be recognized as a creditor of that Subsidiary Bank. The Company's obligations
under the Guarantee, therefore, will be effectively subordinated to all
existing and future liabilities of the Company's subsidiaries, and claimants
should look only to the assets of the Company for payments thereunder.
AMENDMENTS AND ASSIGNMENT
Except with respect to any changes which do not materially adversely affect
the rights of holders of the Preferred Securities (in which case no vote will
be required), the Guarantee may not be amended without the prior approval of
the holders of not less than a majority of the aggregate Liquidation Amount of
the outstanding Preferred Securities. See "Description of the Preferred
Securities--Voting Rights; Amendment of Trust Agreement." All guarantees and
agreements contained in the Guarantee will bind the successors, assigns,
receivers, trustees and representatives of the Company and will inure to the
benefit of the holders of the Preferred Securities then outstanding.
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EVENTS OF DEFAULT
An event of default under the Guarantee will occur upon the failure of the
Company to perform any of its payment or other obligations thereunder. The
holders of not less than a majority in aggregate Liquidation Amount of the
Preferred Securities have the right to direct the time, method and place of
conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Guarantee Trustee in
respect of the Guarantee or to direct the exercise of any trust or power
conferred upon the Guarantee Trustee under the Guarantee.
Any holder of Preferred Securities may institute a legal proceeding directly
against the Company to enforce its rights under the Guarantee without first
instituting a legal proceeding against Capital Trust, the Guarantee Trustee or
any other Person.
The Company, as guarantor, is required to file annually with the Guarantee
Trustee a certificate as to whether or not the Company is in compliance with
all the conditions and covenants applicable to it under the Guarantee.
INFORMATION CONCERNING THE GUARANTEE TRUSTEE
The Guarantee Trustee, other than during the occurrence and continuance of a
default by the Company in performance of the Guarantee, undertakes to perform
only such duties as are specifically set forth in the Guarantee and, after
default with respect to the Guarantee, must exercise the same degree of care
and skill as a prudent person would exercise or use in the conduct of his or
her own affairs. Subject to such provisions, the Guarantee Trustee is under no
obligation to exercise any of the powers vested in it by the Guarantee at the
request of any holder of any Preferred Securities, unless it is offered
reasonable indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that might be
incurred thereby.
TERMINATION OF THE GUARANTEE
The Guarantee will terminate and be of no further force and effect upon (a)
full payment of the Redemption Price of the Preferred Securities, (b) full
payment of the amounts payable upon liquidation of Capital Trust, or (c)
distribution of the Subordinated Debentures to the holders of the Preferred
Securities. The Guarantee will continue to be effective or will be reinstated,
as the case may be, if at any time any holder of the Preferred Securities must
restore payment of any sums paid under such Preferred Securities or the
Guarantee.
GOVERNING LAW
The Guarantee will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws
of the State of Indiana.
EXPENSE AGREEMENT
The Company will, pursuant to the Agreement as to Expenses and Liabilities
entered into by it under the Trust Agreement (the "Expense Agreement"),
irrevocably and unconditionally guarantee to each person or entity to whom
Capital Trust becomes indebted or liable, the full payment of any costs,
expenses or liabilities of Capital Trust, other than obligations of Capital
Trust to pay to the holders of the Preferred Securities or other similar
interests in Capital Trust of the amounts due such holders pursuant to the
terms of the Preferred Securities or such other similar interests, as the case
may be. Third party creditors of Capital Trust may proceed directly against
the Company under the Expense Agreement, regardless of whether such creditors
had notice of the Expense Agreement.
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RELATIONSHIP AMONG THE PREFERRED SECURITIES, THE SUBORDINATED
DEBENTURES AND THE GUARANTEE
FULL AND UNCONDITIONAL GUARANTEE
Payments of Distributions and other amounts due on the Preferred Securities
(to the extent Capital Trust has funds available for the payment of such
Distributions) are irrevocably guaranteed by the Company as and to the extent
set forth under "Description of the Guarantee." The Company and Capital Trust
believe that, taken together, the obligations of the Company under the
Subordinated Debentures, the Indenture, the Trust Agreement, the Expense
Agreement, and the Guarantee provide, in the aggregate, a full, irrevocable
and unconditional guarantee, on a subordinated basis, of payment of
Distributions and other amounts due on the Preferred Securities. No single
document standing alone or operating in conjunction with fewer than all of the
other documents constitutes such guarantee. It is only the combined operation
of these documents that has the effect of providing a full, irrevocable and
unconditional guarantee of the obligations of Capital Trust under the
Preferred Securities. If and to the extent that the Company does not make
payments on the Subordinated Debentures, Capital Trust will not pay
Distributions or other amounts due on the Preferred Securities. The Guarantee
does not cover payment of Distributions when Capital Trust does not have
sufficient funds to pay such Distributions. In such event, the remedy of a
holder of Preferred Securities is to institute a legal proceeding directly
against the Company for enforcement of payment of such Distributions to such
holder. The obligations of the Company under the Guarantee are subordinate and
junior in right of payment to all Senior Debt, Subordinated Debt and
Additional Senior Obligations of the Company.
SUFFICIENCY OF PAYMENTS
As long as payments of interest and other payments are made when due on the
Subordinated Debentures, such payments will be sufficient to cover
Distributions and other payments due on the Preferred Securities, primarily
because (i) the aggregate principal amount of the Subordinated Debentures will
be equal to the sum of the aggregate stated Liquidation Amount of the Trust
Securities, (ii) the interest rate and interest and other payment dates on the
Subordinated Debentures will match the Distribution rate and Distribution and
other payment dates for the Preferred Securities, (iii) the Company will pay
for all and any costs, expenses and liabilities of Capital Trust (except the
obligations of Capital Trust to holders of the Preferred Securities), and (iv)
the Trust Agreement further provides that Capital Trust will not engage in any
activity that is not consistent with the limited purposes of Capital Trust.
ENFORCEMENT RIGHTS OF HOLDERS OF PREFERRED SECURITIES
A holder of any Preferred Security may institute a legal proceeding directly
against the Company to enforce its rights under the Guarantee without first
instituting a legal proceeding against the Guarantee Trustee, Capital Trust or
any other Person. A default or event of default under any Senior Debt,
Subordinated Debt or Additional Senior Obligations of the Company would not
constitute a default or Event of Default. In the event, however, of payment
defaults under, or acceleration of, Senior Debt, Subordinated Debt or
Additional Senior Obligations of the Company, the subordination provisions of
the Indenture provide that no payments may be made in respect of the
Subordinated Debentures until such Senior Debt, Subordinated Debt or
Additional Senior Obligations has been paid in full or any payment default
thereunder has been cured or waived. Failure to make required payments on the
Subordinated Debentures would constitute an Event of Default.
LIMITED PURPOSE OF CAPITAL TRUST
The Preferred Securities evidence a preferred undivided beneficial interest
in the assets of Capital Trust. Capital Trust exists for the sole purpose of
issuing the Trust Securities and investing the proceeds thereof in
Subordinated Debentures. A principal difference between the rights of a holder
of a Preferred Security and the rights of a holder of a Subordinated Debenture
is that a holder of a Subordinated Debenture is entitled to receive from the
Company the principal amount of and interest accrued on Subordinated
Debentures held, while a holder
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of Preferred Securities is entitled to receive Distributions from Capital
Trust (or from the Company under the Guarantee) if and to the extent Capital
Trust has funds available for the payment of such Distributions.
RIGHTS UPON TERMINATION
Upon any voluntary or involuntary termination, winding-up or liquidation of
Capital Trust involving the liquidation of the Subordinated Debentures, the
holders of the Preferred Securities will be entitled to receive, out of assets
held by Capital Trust, the Liquidation Distribution in cash. See "Description
of the Preferred Securities--Liquidation Distribution Upon Termination." Upon
any voluntary or involuntary liquidation or bankruptcy of the Company, the
Property Trustee, as holder of the Subordinated Debentures, would be a
subordinated creditor of the Company, subordinated in right of payment to all
Senior Debt, Subordinated Debt and Additional Senior Obligations of the
Company (as set forth in the Indenture), but entitled to receive payment in
full of principal and interest before any shareholders of the Company receive
payments or distributions. Since the Company is the guarantor under the
Guarantee and has agreed to pay for all costs, expenses and liabilities of
Capital Trust (other than the obligations of Capital Trust to the holders of
its Preferred Securities), the positions of a holder of the Preferred
Securities and a holder of the Subordinated Debentures relative to other
creditors and to shareholders of the Company in the event of liquidation or
bankruptcy of the Company are expected to be substantially the same.
CERTAIN FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES
GENERAL
The following summary of the material United States federal income tax
considerations that may be relevant to the purchasers of Preferred Securities
represents the opinion of Vedder, Price, Kaufman & Kammholz, special counsel
to the Company and Capital Trust insofar as it relates to matters of law and
legal conclusions. The conclusions expressed herein are based upon current
provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"),
regulations thereunder and current administrative rulings and court decisions,
all of which are subject to change at any time, with possible retroactive
effect. Subsequent changes may cause tax consequences to vary substantially
from the consequences described below. Furthermore, the authorities on which
the following summary is based are subject to various interpretations, and it
is therefore possible that the United States federal income tax treatment of
the purchase, ownership, and disposition of Preferred Securities may differ
from the treatment described below.
No attempt has been made in the following discussion to comment on all
United States federal income tax matters affecting purchasers of Preferred
Securities. Moreover, the discussion generally focuses on holders of Preferred
Securities who are individual citizens or residents of the United States and
who acquire Preferred Securities on their original issue at their offering
price and hold Preferred Securities as capital assets. The discussion has only
limited application to dealers in securities, corporations, estates, trusts or
nonresident aliens and does not address all the tax consequences that may be
relevant to holders who may be subject to special tax treatment, such as, for
example, banks, thrifts, real estate investment trusts, regulated investment
companies, insurance companies, dealers in securities or currencies, tax-
exempt investors, or persons that will hold the Preferred Securities as a
position in a "straddle," as part of a "synthetic security" or "hedge," as
part of a "conversion transaction" or other integrated investment, or as other
than a capital asset. The following summary also does not address the tax
consequences to persons that have a functional currency other than the U.S.
dollar or the tax consequences to shareholders, partners or beneficiaries of a
holder of Preferred Securities. Further, it does not include any description
of any alternative minimum tax consequences or the tax laws of any state or
local government or of any foreign government that may be applicable to the
Preferred Securities. Accordingly, each prospective investor should consult,
and should rely exclusively on, such investor's own tax advisors in analyzing
the federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of the purchase,
ownership or disposition of Preferred Securities.
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CLASSIFICATION OF THE SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES
The Company intends to take the position that the Subordinated Debentures
will be classified for United States federal income tax purposes as
indebtedness of the Company under current law, and, by acceptance of a
Preferred Security, each holder covenants to treat the Subordinated Debentures
as indebtedness and the Preferred Securities as evidence of an indirect
beneficial ownership interest in the Subordinated Debentures. No assurance can
be given, however, that such position of the Company will not be challenged by
the Internal Revenue Service or, if challenged, that such a challenge will not
be successful. The remainder of this discussion assumes that the Subordinated
Debentures will be classified for United States federal income tax purposes as
indebtedness of the Company.
CLASSIFICATION OF CAPITAL TRUST
With respect to the Preferred Securities, Vedder, Price, Kaufman & Kammholz,
special counsel to the Company and Capital Trust, has rendered its opinion
generally to the effect that, under then current law and assuming full
compliance with the terms of the Trust Agreement and Indenture, Capital Trust
will be classified for United States federal income tax purposes as a grantor
trust and not as an association taxable as a corporation. Accordingly, for
United States federal income tax purposes, each holder of Preferred Securities
generally will be treated as owning an undivided beneficial interest in the
Subordinated Debentures, and each holder will be required to include in its
gross income any original issue discount ("OID") accrued with respect to its
allocable share of the Subordinated Debentures whether or not cash is actually
distributed to such holder.
POTENTIAL EXTENSION OF INTEREST PAYMENT PERIOD AND ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT
Because the Company has the option, under the terms of the Subordinated
Debentures, to defer payments (so long as no Debenture Event of Default has
occurred and is continuing) of interest by extending interest payment periods
for up to 20 consecutive quarters, all of the stated interest payments on the
Subordinated Debentures will be treated as OID. Holders of debt instruments
issued with OID must include that discount in income on an economic accrual
basis before the receipt of cash attributable to the interest, regardless of
their method of tax accounting. Generally, all of a holder's taxable interest
income with respect to the Subordinated Debentures will be accounted for as
OID. Actual payments and distributions of stated interest will not, however,
be separately reported as taxable income. The amount of OID that accrues in
any quarter will approximately equal the amount of the interest that accrues
on the Subordinated Debentures in that quarter at the stated interest rate. In
the event that the interest payment period is extended, holders will continue
to accrue OID approximately equal to the amount of the interest payment due at
the end of the extended interest payment period on an economic accrual basis
over the length of the extended interest payment period.
Because income on the Preferred Securities will constitute interest,
corporate holders of Preferred Securities will not be entitled to a dividends-
received deduction with respect to any income recognized with respect to the
Preferred Securities.
MARKET DISCOUNT AND ACQUISITION PREMIUM
Holders of Preferred Securities other than a holder who purchased the
Preferred Securities upon original issuance may be considered to have acquired
their undivided interests in the Subordinated Debentures with "market
discount" or "acquisition premium" as such phrases are defined for United
States federal income tax purposes. Such holders are advised to consult their
tax advisors as to the income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership
and disposition of the Preferred Securities.
RECEIPT OF SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES OR CASH UPON LIQUIDATION OF CAPITAL TRUST
Under certain circumstances, as described under "Description of the
Preferred Securities--Redemption or Exchange" and "--Liquidation Distribution
Upon Termination," the Subordinated Debentures may be distributed to holders
of Preferred Securities upon a liquidation of Capital Trust. Under current
United States
42
<PAGE>
federal income tax law, such a distribution would be treated as a nontaxable
event to each such holder and would result in such holder having an aggregate
tax basis in the Subordinated Debentures received in the liquidation equal to
such holder's aggregate tax basis in the Preferred Securities immediately
before the distribution. A holder's holding period in the Subordinated
Debentures so received in liquidation of Capital Trust would include the
period for which such holder held the Preferred Securities.
If, however, a Tax Event occurs which results in Capital Trust being treated
as an association taxable as a corporation, the distribution would likely
constitute a taxable event to holders of the Preferred Securities. Under
certain circumstances described herein, the Subordinated Debentures may be
redeemed for cash and the proceeds of such redemption distributed to holders
in redemption of their Preferred Securities. Under current law, such a
redemption would, for United States federal income tax purposes, constitute a
taxable disposition of the redeemed Preferred Securities, and a holder would
recognize gain or loss as if the holder sold such Preferred Securities for
cash. See "Description of the Preferred Securities--Redemption or Exchange"
and "--Liquidation Upon Termination."
DISPOSITION OF PREFERRED SECURITIES
A holder that sells Preferred Securities will recognize gain or loss equal
to the difference between the amount realized on the sale of the Preferred
Securities and the holder's adjusted tax basis in such Preferred Securities. A
holder's adjusted tax basis in the Preferred Securities generally will be its
initial purchase price increased by OID previously includible in such holder's
gross income to the date of disposition and decreased by payments received on
the Preferred Securities to the date of disposition. Such gain or loss will
generally be a capital gain or loss and will be a long-term capital gain or
loss if the Preferred Securities have been held for more than one year at the
time of sale.
The Preferred Securities may trade at a price that does not accurately
reflect the value of accrued but unpaid interest with respect to the
underlying Subordinated Debentures. A holder that disposes of its Preferred
Securities between record dates for payments of distributions thereon will be
required to include accrued but unpaid interest on the Subordinated Debentures
through the date of disposition in income as ordinary income, and to add such
amount to its adjusted tax basis in its pro rata share of the underlying
Subordinated Debentures deemed disposed of. To the extent the selling price is
less than the holder's adjusted tax basis (which basis will include, in the
form of OID, all accrued but unpaid interest), a holder will recognize a
capital loss. Subject to certain limited exceptions, capital losses cannot be
applied to offset ordinary income for United States federal income tax
purposes.
EFFECT OF PROPOSED CHANGES IN TAX LAWS
On March 19, 1996, President Clinton proposed certain tax law changes that
would, among other things, generally deny corporate issuers a deduction for
interest in respect of certain debt obligations issued on or after December 7,
1995 (the "Proposed Legislation") if such debt obligations have a maximum term
in excess of 20 years and are not shown as indebtedness on the issuer's
applicable consolidated balance sheet. On March 29, 1996, Senate Finance
Committee Chairman William V. Roth, Jr. and House Ways and Means Committee
Chairman Bill Archer issued a joint statement (the "Joint Statement")
indicating their intent that certain legislative proposals initiated by the
Clinton administration, including the Proposed Legislation, that may be
adopted by either of the tax-writing committees of Congress would have an
effective date that is no earlier than the date of "appropriate Congressional
action." In addition, subsequent to the publication of the Joint Statement,
Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan and Representatives Sam M. Gibbons and Charles
B. Rangel wrote letters to Treasury Department officials concurring with the
views expressed in the Joint Statement (the "Democrat Letters"). Based upon
the Joint Statement and the Democrat Letters, it is expected that if the
Proposed Legislation were to be enacted, such legislation would not apply to
the Subordinated Debentures. There can be no assurances, however, that the
effective date guidance contained in the Joint Statement and the Democrat
Letters will be incorporated into the Proposed Legislation, if enacted, or
that other legislation enacted after the date hereof will not otherwise
adversely affect the ability of the Company to deduct the interest payable on
the
43
<PAGE>
Subordinated Debentures. There can, therefore, be no assurance that a Tax
Event will not occur. A Tax Event would permit the Company, upon approval of
the Federal Reserve if then required under applicable capital guidelines or
policies of the Federal Reserve, to cause a redemption of the Preferred
Securities before, as well as after, March 31, 2002. See "Description of the
Subordinated Debentures--Redemption or Exchange" and "Description of the
Preferred Securities--Redemption or Exchange--Tax Event Redemption or
Investment Company Event Redemptions."
BACKUP WITHHOLDING AND INFORMATION REPORTING
The amount of OID accrued on the Preferred Securities held of record by
individual citizens or residents of the United States, or certain trusts,
estates, and partnerships, will be reported to the Internal Revenue Service on
Forms 1099, which forms should be mailed to such holders of Preferred
Securities by January 31 following each calendar year. Payments made on, and
proceeds from the sale of, the Preferred Securities may be subject to a
"backup" withholding tax (currently at 31%) unless the holder complies with
certain identification and other requirements. Any amounts withheld under the
backup withholding rules will be allowed as a credit against the holder's
United States federal income tax liability, provided the required information
is provided to the Internal Revenue Service.
THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX DISCUSSION SET FORTH ABOVE IS INCLUDED
FOR GENERAL INFORMATION ONLY AND MAY NOT BE APPLICABLE DEPENDING UPON THE
PARTICULAR SITUATION OF A HOLDER OF PREFERRED SECURITIES. HOLDERS OF PREFERRED
SECURITIES SHOULD CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE TAX
CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF THE
PREFERRED SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE TAX CONSEQUENCES UNDER STATE, LOCAL,
FOREIGN AND OTHER TAX LAWS AND THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN UNITED
STATES FEDERAL OR OTHER TAX LAWS.
ERISA CONSIDERATIONS
Employee benefit plans that are subject to the Employee Retirement Income
Security Act of 1974, as amended ("ERISA"), or Section 4975 of the Code
("Plans"), generally may purchase Preferred Securities, subject to the
investing fiduciary's determination that the investment in Preferred
Securities satisfies ERISA's fiduciary standards and other requirements
applicable to investments by the Plan.
In any case, the Company and/or any of its affiliates may be considered a
"party in interest" (within the meaning of ERISA) or a "disqualified person"
(within the meaning of Section 4975 of the Code) with respect to certain plans
(generally, Plans maintained or sponsored by, or contributed to by, any such
persons with respect to which the Company or an affiliate is a fiduciary or
Plans for which the Company or an affiliate provides services). The
acquisition and ownership of Preferred Securities by a Plan (or by an
individual retirement arrangement or other Plans described in Section
4975(e)(1) of the Code) with respect to which the Company or any of its
affiliates is considered a party in interest or a disqualified person may
constitute or result in a prohibited transaction under ERISA or Section 4975
of the Code, unless such Preferred Securities are acquired pursuant to and in
accordance with an applicable exemption.
As a result, Plans with respect to which the Company or any of its
affiliates is a party in interest or a disqualified person should not acquire
Preferred Securities unless such Preferred Securities are acquired pursuant to
and in accordance with an applicable exemption. Any other Plans or other
entities whose assets include Plan assets subject to ERISA or Section 4975 of
the Code proposing to acquire Preferred Securities should consult with their
own counsel.
44
<PAGE>
UNDERWRITING
The Underwriters named below, represented by Stifel, Nicolaus & Company,
Incorporated (the "Representative"), have severally agreed, subject to the
terms and conditions set forth in the Underwriting Agreement, the form of
which is filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of which this
Prospectus forms a part, to purchase from Capital Trust the number of
Preferred Securities set forth opposite their respective names below. The
several Underwriters have agreed in the Underwriting Agreement, subject to the
terms and conditions set forth therein, to purchase all the Preferred
Securities offered hereby if any of the Preferred Securities are purchased. In
the event of default by an Underwriter, the Underwriting Agreement provides
that, in certain circumstances, purchase commitments of the nondefaulting
Underwriters may be increased or the Underwriting Agreement may be terminated.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF
UNDERWRITER PREFERRED SECURITIES
----------- --------------------
<S> <C>
Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated..............
---------
Total................................................. 1,500,000
=========
</TABLE>
The Representative has advised Capital Trust that it proposes initially to
offer the Preferred Securities to the public at the public offering price set
forth on the cover page of this Prospectus, and to certain dealers at such
price less a concession not in excess of $ per Preferred Security. The
Underwriters may allow, and such dealers may reallow, a discount not in excess
of $ per Preferred Security to certain other dealers. After the initial
public offering, the public offering price, concession and discount may be
changed.
In view of the fact that the proceeds of the sale of the Preferred
Securities will be used to purchase the Subordinated Debentures of the
Company, the Underwriting Agreement provides that the Company will pay as
compensation to the Underwriters arranging the investment therein of such
proceeds, an amount in immediately available funds of $ per Preferred
Security (or $ in the aggregate) for the accounts of the several
Underwriters.
Capital Trust has granted the Underwriters an option to purchase up to an
additional 225,000 Preferred Securities at the initial public offering price.
Such option, which expires 30 days from the date of this Prospectus, may be
exercised solely to cover over-allotments. To the extent that the Underwriters
exercise such option, each of the Underwriters will have a firm commitment,
subject to certain conditions, to purchase approximately the same percentage
of the additional Preferred Securities that the number of Preferred Securities
to be purchased initially by such Underwriter is of the 1,500,000 Preferred
Securities initially purchased by the Underwriters.
To the extent that the Underwriters exercise their option to purchase
additional Preferred Securities, Capital Trust will issue and sell to the
Company additional Common Securities and the Company will issue and sell to
Capital Trust Subordinated Debentures in an aggregate principal amount equal
to the total aggregate Liquidation Amount of the additional Preferred
Securities being purchased pursuant to the option.
During a period of 30 days from the date of this Prospectus, neither Capital
Trust nor the Company will, subject to certain exceptions, without the prior
written consent of the Representative, directly or indirectly, sell, offer to
sell, grant any option for sale of, or otherwise dispose of, any Preferred
Securities, any security
45
<PAGE>
convertible into or exchangeable into or exercisable for Preferred Securities
or Subordinated Debentures or any debt securities substantially similar to the
Subordinated Debentures or equity securities substantially similar to the
Preferred Securities (except for Subordinated Debentures and the Preferred
Securities offered hereby).
Application has been made to have the Preferred Securities approved for
quotation on the Nasdaq National MarketSM. The Representative has advised
Capital Trust that it presently intends to make a market in the Preferred
Securities after the commencement of trading on the Nasdaq National MarketSM,
but no assurances can be made as to the liquidity of such Preferred Securities
or that an active and liquid trading market will develop or, if developed,
that such a market will continue. The offering price and distribution rate
have been determined by negotiations among representatives of the Company and
the Underwriters, and the offering price of the Preferred Securities may not
be indicative of the market price following the offering. The Representative
will have no obligation to make a market in the Preferred Securities, however,
and may cease market-making activities, if commenced, at any time.
Capital Trust and the Company have agreed to indemnify the Underwriters
against, or contribute to payments that the Underwriters may be required to
make in respect of, certain liabilities, including liabilities under the
Securities Act.
Certain of the Underwriters engage in transactions with, and, from time to
time, have performed services for, the Company and its subsidiaries in the
ordinary course of business.
VALIDITY OF SECURITIES
Certain matters of Delaware law relating to the validity of the Preferred
Securities, the enforceability of the Trust Agreement and the formation of
Capital Trust will be passed upon by Richards, Layton & Finger, special
Delaware counsel to the Company and Capital Trust. Certain legal matters for
the Company will be passed upon by Matthew F. Souza, General Counsel. Certain
legal matters for the Company and Capital Trust, including the validity of the
Guarantee and the Subordinated Debentures will be passed upon for the Company
and Capital Trust by Vedder, Price, Kaufman & Kammholz, Chicago, Illinois,
counsel to the Company and Capital Trust. Certain legal matters will be passed
upon for the Underwriters by Lewis, Rice & Fingersh, L.C., St. Louis,
Missouri. Vedder, Price, Kaufman & Kammholz, and Lewis, Rice & Fingersh, L.C.,
will rely on the opinion of Richards, Layton & Finger as to matters of
Delaware law. Certain matters relating to United States federal income tax
considerations will be passed upon for the Company by Vedder, Price, Kaufman &
Kammholz.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries
incorporated herein by reference to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 1995 have been audited by Coopers & Lybrand,
LLP, independent certified public accountants, as stated in their report,
which report is incorporated herein by reference, and has been so incorporated
in reliance upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and
auditing.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
The following documents, previously filed by the Company with the Securities
and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13 of the Exchange Act, are
incorporated herein by reference:
(a) the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December
31, 1995; and
(b) the Company's Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended
March 31, 1996, June 30, 1996 and September 30, 1996.
46
<PAGE>
All reports and any definitive proxy or information statements filed by the
Company with the Commission pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of
the Exchange Act subsequent to the date of this Prospectus and prior to the
termination of the offering of the Preferred Securities offered hereby shall
be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and to be a part
hereof from the date of filing of such documents. Any statement contained in a
document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall
be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this Prospectus to the
extent that a statement contained herein or in any other subsequently filed
document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein
modifies or supersedes such statement. Any such statement so modified or
superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to
constitute a part of this Prospectus.
THE COMPANY WILL PROVIDE WITHOUT CHARGE TO EACH PERSON TO WHOM THIS
PROSPECTUS IS DELIVERED, ON THE WRITTEN OR ORAL REQUEST OF ANY SUCH PERSON, A
COPY OF ANY OR ALL OF THE DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED HEREIN BY REFERENCE (OTHER
THAN EXHIBITS TO SUCH DOCUMENTS WHICH ARE NOT SPECIFICALLY INCORPORATED BY
REFERENCE IN SUCH DOCUMENTS). WRITTEN REQUESTS FOR SUCH COPIES SHOULD BE
DIRECTED TO THOMAS D. WASHBURN, SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT AND CHIEF FINANCIAL
OFFICER, IRWIN FINANCIAL CORPORATION, 500 WASHINGTON STREET, COLUMBUS, INDIANA
47201. TELEPHONE REQUESTS MAY BE DIRECTED TO (812) 376-1909.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
This Prospectus constitutes a part of a Registration Statement on Form S-3
(together with all amendments and exhibits thereto, the "Registration
Statement") filed by the Company and Capital Trust with the Commission under
the Securities Act, with respect to the Preferred Securities and the
Subordinated Debentures. This Prospectus does not contain all of the
information set forth in such Registration Statement, certain parts of which
are omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Commission,
although it does include a summary of the material terms of the Indenture and
the Trust Agreement. Reference is made to such Registration Statement and to
the exhibits relating thereto for further information with respect to the
Company, Capital Trust, the Preferred Securities and the Subordinated
Debentures. Any statements contained herein concerning the provisions of any
document filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement or otherwise filed
with the Commission or incorporated by reference herein are not necessarily
complete, and, in each instance, reference is made to the copy of such
document so filed for a more complete description of the matter involved. Each
such statement is qualified in its entirety by such reference.
The Company is subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act
and, in accordance therewith, files reports, proxy statements and other
information with the Commission. Such reports, proxy statements and other
information can be inspected and copied at the following public reference
facilities maintained by the Commission: 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington,
D.C. 20549; 7 World Trade Center, Suite 1300, New York, New York 10048; and
the Citicorp Center, 500 West Madison Street, Suite 1400, Chicago, Illinois
60661-2511. Copies of such material may also be obtained by mail from the
Public Reference Section of the Commission at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Room
1024, Washington, D.C. 20549, upon payment of prescribed rates. The Commission
maintains an Internet web site that contains reports, proxy and information
statements and other information regarding issuers who file electronically
with the Commission. The address of that site is http://www.sec.gov. In
addition, reports, proxy statements and other information concerning the
Company may be inspected at the offices of the National Association of
Securities Dealers, Inc., 1735 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006.
No separate financial statements of Capital Trust have been included herein.
The Company does not consider that such financial statements would be material
to holders of Preferred Securities because (i) all of the voting securities of
Capital Trust will be owned by the Company, a reporting company under the
Exchange Act, (ii) Capital Trust has no independent operations but exists for
the sole purpose of issuing securities representing undivided beneficial
interests in the assets of Capital Trust and investing the proceeds thereof in
Subordinated Debentures issued by the Company, and (iii) the obligations of
the Company described herein to provide certain indemnities in respect of and
be responsible for certain costs, expenses, debts and liabilities of Capital
Trust
47
<PAGE>
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
----
<S> <C>
Prospectus Summary....................................................... 5
Selected Consolidated Financial Data..................................... 12
Use of Proceeds.......................................................... 13
Accounting Treatment..................................................... 13
Capitalization........................................................... 14
Risk Factors............................................................. 15
Description of the Preferred Securities.................................. 20
Description of the Subordinated Debentures............................... 29
Description of the Guarantee............................................. 37
Relationship Among the Preferred Securities, the Subordinated Debentures
and the Guarantee....................................................... 40
Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences.................................. 41
ERISA Considerations..................................................... 44
Underwriting............................................................. 45
Validity of Securities................................................... 46
Experts.................................................................. 46
Incorporation of Certain Documents by Reference.......................... 46
Available Information.................................................... 47
</TABLE>
---------------
NO PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY INFORMATION OR TO MAKE ANY REPRE-
SENTATIONS IN CONNECTION WITH THIS OFFERING OTHER THAN THOSE CONTAINED IN THIS
PROSPECTUS AND, IF GIVEN OR MADE, SUCH OTHER INFORMATION AND REPRESENTATIONS
MUST NOT BE RELIED UPON AS HAVING BEEN AUTHORIZED BY THE COMPANY, CAPITAL
TRUST OR THE UNDERWRITERS. NEITHER THE DELIVERY OF THIS PROSPECTUS NOR ANY
SALE HEREUNDER SHALL, UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES, CREATE ANY IMPLICATION THAT
THERE HAS BEEN NO CHANGE IN THE AFFAIRS OF THE COMPANY SINCE THE DATE HEREOF
OR THAT THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS CORRECT AS OF ANY TIME SUBSEQUENT
TO ITS DATE. THIS PROSPECTUS DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR A SOLICI-
TATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY ANY SECURITIES IN ANY CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH SUCH
OFFER OR SOLICITATION IS UNLAWFUL.
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1,500,000 PREFERRED SECURITIES
IFC CAPITAL TRUST I
% CUMULATIVE TRUST PREFERRED SECURITIES
(LIQUIDATION AMOUNT $25 PER PREFERRED SECURITY) GUARANTEED, AS DESCRIBED
HEREIN, BY
LOGO
IRWIN FINANCIAL
CORPORATION
---------------
$37,500,000
% SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES OF
IRWIN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
---------------
Prospectus
January , 1997
---------------
STIFEL, NICOLAUS & COMPANY
INCORPORATED
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
