FORT JAMES CORP
8-A12B, 1999-02-26
PAPER MILLS
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                     SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

                             Washington, D.C. 20549

                                ________________

                                    FORM 8-A


                FOR REGISTRATION OF CERTAIN CLASSES OF SECURITIES
                     PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE
                         SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934


                             FORT JAMES CORPORATION
             (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Virginia                                     54-0848173               
(State of incorporation or organization)     IRS EmployerIdentification No.)


1650 Lake Cook Road                                     60015                 
(Address of principal executive offices)                (Zip Code)


Securities to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class                             Name of each exchange on which
to be so registered                            each class is to be registered
Preferred Share Purchase Rights                  New York Stock Exchange





Securities to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:


                                   None   
__________________________________________________________________________   
                             (Title of Class)


                                                              
                 INFORMATION REQUIRED IN REGISTRATION STATEMENT

Item 1.           Description of Securities To Be Registered.

Introduction

     On February 18, 1999, the Board of Directors of Fort James Corporation (the
"Company") declared a dividend of one preferred share purchase right (a "Right")
for each  outstanding  share of common stock,  par value $0.10 per share, of the
Company (the "Common Shares").  The dividend is payable at the close of business
on March 1, 1999 (the "Record Date") to the stockholders of record on that date.
The description and terms of the Rights are set forth in a Rights Agreement (the
"Rights  Agreement"),  dated as of February  26,  1999,  between the Company and
Norwest Bank Minnesota, N.A., as Rights Agent (the "Rights Agent").

Purchase Price

     Each Right entitles the registered  holder to purchase from the Company one
one-thousandth of a share of Series M Cumulative  Participating Preferred Stock,
par value $10.00 per share, of the Company (the  "Preferred  Shares") at a price
of $ 200.00 per one  one-thousandth of a Preferred Share (the "Purchase Price"),
subject to adjustment.

Flip-In

     In the event that any person or group of affiliated  or associated  persons
becomes an Acquiring  Person (as defined  below),  each holder of a Right (other
than Rights beneficially owned by the Acquiring Person, which will thereafter be
void) will thereafter have the right to purchase  additional  Common Shares at a
50 percent discount.

Flip-Over

     If the  Company  is  acquired  in a merger  or other  business  combination
transaction or 50% or more of its consolidated  assets or earning power are sold
after a person or group has become an Acquiring  Person,  each holder of a Right
(other  than  Rights  beneficially  owned by the  Acquiring  Person,  which will
thereafter be void) will  thereafter have the right to purchase shares of common
stock  of the  acquiring  company  at a 50  percent  discount.  

Distribution Date

                  The Distribution Date is the earlier of:

     (i) 10 days  following  a public  announcement  that a  person  or group of
affiliated or associated  persons have acquired  beneficial  ownership of 15% or
more of the outstanding Common Shares; or

     (ii) 10 business days (or such later date as may be determined by action of
the Board of Directors  prior to such time as any person or group of  affiliated
persons  becomes  an  Acquiring   Person)  following  the  commencement  of,  or
announcement  of an  intention  to make,  a tender  offer or exchange  offer the
consummation  of which would result in the  beneficial  ownership by a person or
group of 15% or more of the outstanding Common Shares.

Transfer and Detachment

     Until  the  Distribution  Date  (as  defined  below),  the  Rights  will be
evidenced,  with respect to any of the Common Share certificates  outstanding as
of the Record Date, by such Common Share certificate with a copy of this Summary
of Rights attached thereto.  Until the Distribution Date (or earlier  redemption
or expiration of the Rights),  the Rights will be transferred with and only with
the Common  Shares,  and  transfer of those  certificates  will also  constitute
transfer of the Rights.

     As  soon  as  practicable   following  the  Distribution   Date,   separate
certificates  evidencing  the Rights  ("Right  Certificates")  will be mailed to
holders  of record of the  Common  Shares  as of the  close of  business  on the
Distribution  Date and such separate Right  Certificates  alone will  thereafter
evidence the Rights.

Exercisability

     The Rights are not exercisable until the Distribution Date. The Rights will
expire at the close of business on March 1, 2009 (the "Final Expiration  Date"),
unless the Final  Expiration  Date is  extended or unless the Rights are earlier
redeemed or exchanged by the Company, in each case, as described below.

Adjustments

     The Purchase  Price  payable,  and the number of Preferred  Shares or other
securities  or  property  issuable,  upon  exercise of the Rights are subject to
adjustment  from  time  to  time to  prevent  dilution  in the  event  of  stock
dividends, stock splits, reclassifications or certain distributions with respect
to the Preferred Shares.  The number of outstanding Rights and the number of one
one-thousandths  of a Preferred  Share  issuable upon exercise of each Right are
also subject to adjustment if, prior to the Distribution  Date, there is a stock
split of the Common Shares or a stock  dividend on the Common Shares  payable in
Common Shares or  subdivisions,  consolidations  or  combinations  of the Common
Shares.

     With  certain  exceptions,  no  adjustment  in the  Purchase  Price will be
required until  cumulative  adjustments  require an adjustment of at least 1% in
such Purchase Price. No fractional  Preferred  Shares will be issued (other than
fractions  which are  integral  multiples of one  one-thousandth  of a Preferred
Share,  which may, at the  election of the Company,  be evidenced by  depositary
receipts) and in lieu  thereof,  an adjustment in cash will be made based on the
market price of the  Preferred  Shares on the last trading day prior to the date
of exercise.

Preferred Shares

     Preferred  Shares  purchasable  upon  exercise  of the  Rights  will not be
redeemable.  Each  Preferred  Share will be entitled  to a minimum  preferential
quarterly  dividend payment of $1 per share but will be entitled to an aggregate
dividend of 1,000 times the dividend  declared per Common Share. In the event of
liquidation,  the holders of the Preferred  Shares will be entitled to a minimum
preferential liquidation payment equal to the greater of $150,000 or 1,000 times
the  liquidation  value of a Common Share.  Each Preferred Share will have 1,000
votes,  voting  together with the Common  Shares.  Finally,  in the event of any
merger, consolidation or other transaction in which Common Shares are exchanged,
each Preferred Share will be entitled to receive 1,000 times the amount received
per  Common  Share.  These  rights  are  protected  by  customary   antidilution
provisions.

     The  value  of  the  one  one-thousandth  interest  in  a  Preferred  Share
purchasable  upon  exercise of each Right  should,  because of the nature of the
Preferred Shares' dividend, liquidation and voting rights, approximate the value
of one Common Share.

Exchange

     At any time after any person or group becomes an Acquiring Person and prior
to the  acquisition  by such  person or group of 50% or more of the  outstanding
Common  Shares,  the Board of  Directors  of the Company may exchange the Rights
(other than Rights owned by the Acquiring Person,  which will have become void),
in  whole  or in  part,  at an  exchange  ratio  of  one  Common  Share,  or one
one-thousandth of a Preferred Share per Right (subject to adjustment).

Redemption

     At any time prior to the time any person becomes an Acquiring  Person,  the
Board of  Directors  of the Company  may redeem the Rights in whole,  but not in
part, at a price of $.01 per Right (the "Redemption  Price").  The redemption of
the Rights may be made effective at such time on such basis with such conditions
as the Board of Directors in its sole discretion may establish. Immediately upon
any  redemption of the Rights,  the right to exercise the Rights will  terminate
and the only right of the holders of Rights  will be to receive  the  Redemption
Price.

  Amendments

     The terms of the Rights may be  amended  by the Board of  Directors  of the
Company without the consent of the holders of the Rights, including an amendment
to lower certain thresholds  described above to not less than the greater of (i)
the sum of .001% and the largest  percentage  of the  outstanding  Common Shares
then  known to the  Company to be  beneficially  owned by any person or group of
affiliated or associated  persons and (ii) 10%,  except that from and after such
time as any  person or group of  affiliated  or  associated  persons  becomes an
Acquiring  Person no such  amendment may  adversely  affect the interests of the
holders of the Rights.

Rights as Holders

     Until a Right is  exercised,  the  holder  thereof,  as such,  will have no
rights as a stockholder of the Company, including, without limitation, the right
to vote or to receive dividends.

Further Information

     A copy of the  Rights  Agreement  is  filed  as  Exhibit  1  hereto  and is
incorporated  herein by reference.  The  foregoing  summary  description  of the
Rights does not  purport to be  complete  and is  qualified  in its  entirety by
reference to such exhibit.

Item 2.  Exhibits.                                                    Page 

     1 Rights  Agreement,  dated as of February  26,  1999,
between  Fort James Corporation and Norwest Bank Minnesota, 
N.A.,  which includes the form of Right Certificate as
Exhibit A and the Summary of Rights as Exhibit  B.                    6       

                                    SIGNATURE


     Pursuant to the  requirements of Section 12 of the Securities  Exchange Act
of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed
on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Dated: February 26, 1999


                                            FORT JAMES CORPORATION


                                            By:/S/ R. Michael Lempke
                                                   Senior Vice President
                                                   & Tresurer     
                                               

                                  EXHIBIT LIST
                                              
     1 Rights  Agreement,  dated as of February  26,  1999,  between  Fort James
Corporation and Norwest Bank Minnesota,  N.A.,  which includes the form of Right
Certificate as Exhibit A and the Summary of Rights as Exhibit  B.




   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             FORT JAMES CORPORATION
                                       and
                          Norwest Bank Minnesota, N.A.
                                  Rights Agent
                                    Agreement
                          Dated as of February 26,1999


   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                         Page
                                                                        Number

Section 1.        Definitions.............................................. 1

Section 2.        Appointment of Rights Agent.............................. 6

Section 3.        Issue of Right Certificates.............................. 6

Section 4.        Form of Right Certificates............................... 9

Section 5.        Countersignature and Registration........................ 9

Section 6.        Transfer, Split  Up, ombination  and  Exchange  of  Right
                  Certificates; Mutilated, Destroyed,Lost or Stolen Right
                  Certificates.............................................10

Section 7.        Exercise of Rights; Purchase Price;
                  Expiration Date of Rights................................11

Section 8.        Cancellation and Destruction of Right Certificates.......13

Section 9.        Availability of Preferred Shares.........................14

Section 10.       Preferred Shares Record Date............................ 14

Section 11.       Adjustment of Purchase Price, Number of Shares 
                  or Number of Rights......................................15

Section 12.       Certificate of Adjusted Purchase Price or Number of
                  Shares ..................................................25

Section 13.       Consolidation, Merger or Sale or Transfer of Assets 
                  or Earning Power.........................................26

Section 14.       Fractional Rights and Fractional Shares..................27

Section 15.       Rights of Action.........................................29

Section 16.       Agreement of Right Holders...............................30

Section 17.       Right Certificate Holder Not Deemed a Stockholder........30

Section 18.       Concerning the Rights Agent..............................31

Section 19.       Merger or Consolidation or Change of Name 
                  of Rights Agent..........................................32

Section 20.       Duties of Rights Agent...................................33

Section 21.       Change of Rights Agent...................................35

Section 22.       Issuance of New Right Certificates.......................37

Section 23.       Redemption...............................................37

Section 24.       Exchange.................................................38

Section 25.       Notice of Certain Events.................................40

Section 26.       Notices..................................................42

Section 27.       Supplements and Amendments...............................42

Section 28.       Successors...............................................43

Section 29.       Benefits of this Agreement...............................43

Section 30.       Severability.............................................43

Section 31.       Governing Law............................................44

Section 32.       Counterparts.............................................44

Section 33.       Descriptive Headings.....................................44

Signatures.................................................................47

Exhibit A         -      Form of Right Certificate

Exhibit B         -      Summary of Rights to Purchase Preferred Shares


                                                             
     Agreement, dated as of February 26, 1999, between Fort James Corporation, a
Virginia  corporation  (the  "Company"),  and Norwest Bank  Minnesota,  N.A., as
rights agent (the "Rights Agent").

     The Board of  Directors  of the  Company  has  authorized  and  declared  a
dividend of one preferred share purchase right (a "Right") for each Common Share
(as  hereinafter  defined)  of the  Company  outstanding  on March 1,  1999 (the
"Record Date"), each Right representing the right to purchase one one-thousandth
of a Preferred Share (as hereinafter defined), upon the terms and subject to the
conditions  herein  set forth,  and has  further  authorized  and  directed  the
issuance  of one Right with  respect  to each  Common  Share  that shall  become
outstanding  between the Record Date and the earliest of the Distribution  Date,
the Redemption Date and the Final Expiration Date (as such terms are hereinafter
defined).
     Accordingly,  in  consideration  of the premises and the mutual  agreements
herein set forth, the parties hereby agree as follows:

     Section  1. Definitions.For purposes of this Agreement, the following terms
have the meanings indicated:

     (a) "Acquiring  Person" shall mean any Person who or which,  together with
all Affiliates and Associates of such Person,  shall be the Beneficial  Owner of
15% or more of the Common Shares of the Company then outstanding,  but shall not
include the Company, any Subsidiary of the Company, any employee benefit plan of
the Company or any  Subsidiary  of the  Company,  or any entity  holding  Common
Shares  for or  pursuant  to the  terms of any such  plan.  Notwithstanding  the
foregoing,  no Person  shall  become an  "Acquiring  Person" as the result of an
acquisition  of Common  Shares by the Company  which,  by reducing the number of
Common Shares of the Company outstanding,  increases the proportionate number of
Common Shares of the Company beneficially owned by such Person to 15% or more of
the Common Shares of the Company then outstanding; provided, however, that, if a
Person shall become the Beneficial  Owner of 15% or more of the Common Shares of
the Company  then  outstanding  by reason of share  purchases by the Company and
shall, after such share purchases by the Company, become the Beneficial Owner of
any additional Common Shares of the Company, then such Person shall be deemed to
be an "Acquiring  Person."  Notwithstanding  the  foregoing,  if the  Board  of
Directors  of the  Company  determines  in good  faith  that a Person  who would
otherwise  be an "Acquiring  Person,"  as  defined  pursuant  to the  foregoing
provisions of this paragraph (a), has become such inadvertently, and such Person
divests as promptly as practicable a sufficient  number of Common Shares so that
such Person would no longer be an "Acquiring Person," as defined pursuant to the
foregoing provisions of this paragraph (a), then such Person shall not be deemed
to be an "Acquiring Person" for any purposes of this Agreement.

     (b) "Affiliate"  shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Rule 12b-2
of the General Rules and Regulations  under the Exchange Act as in effect on the
date of this Agreement.

     (c) "Associate"  shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Rule 12b-2
of the General Rules and Regulations  under the Exchange Act as in effect on the
date of this Agreement.

     (d) A Person shall be deemed the "Beneficial  Owner" of and shall be deemed
to"beneficially own" any securities:

          (i) which such Person or any of such Person's Affiliates or Associates
beneficially owns, directly or indirectly;

          (ii) which   such   Person  or  any of  such Person's  Affiliates  or 
Associates  has   (A) the right to acquire  (whether  such right is exercisable
immediately or only after the  passage  of  time)  pursuant  to  any agreement, 
arrangement or understanding (other than customary agreements with and between
underwriters and selling  group  members  with  respect to a  bona  fide public 
offering of securities),or  upon the  exercise  of conversion  rights, exchange
rights,rights (other than these Rights), warrants or options, or otherwise; 
provided, however, that a Person shall not be deemed the  Beneficial  Owner of,
or to  beneficially own,  securities  tendered  pursuant to a tender or exchange
offer made by or on behalf of such Person or any of such Person's  Affiliates or
Associates until such tendered securities are accepted for purchase or exchange;
or   (B   the   right  to vote pursuant to  any      agreement,  arrangement or 
understanding;    provided,    however,  that a Person  shall not be deemed the
Beneficial  Owner of, or to  beneficially  own, any  security if the  agreement,
arrangement  or  understanding  to vote such  security (1) arises  solely from a
revocable proxy or consent given to such Person in response to a public proxy or
consent  solicitation  made pursuant to, and in accordance  with, the applicable
rules and  regulations  promulgated  under the  Exchange Act and (2) is not also
then  reportable  on Schedule 13D under the Exchange Act (or any  comparable  or
successor report); or

          (iii) which are beneficially owned,directly or indirectly,by any other
Person with which such Person or any of such  Person's  Affiliates or Associates
has any agreement, arrangement or understanding (other than customary agreements
with and between  underwriters  and selling group members with respect to a bona
fide public  offering of  securities)  for the  purpose of  acquiring,  holding,
voting (except to the extent  contemplated by the proviso to Section 1(d)(ii)(B)
hereof) or disposing of any securities of the Company.

     Notwithstanding  anything in this definition of Beneficial Ownership to the
contrary,  the phrase "then outstanding," when used with reference to a Person's
Beneficial Ownership of securities of the Company, shall mean the number of such
securities  then  issued  and  outstanding  together  with  the  number  of such
securities not then actually issued and  outstanding  which such Person would be
deemed to own beneficially hereunder.

     (e) "Business Day" shall mean any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday, or a
day on which banking  institutions  in [State of Rights Agent] are authorized or
obligated by law or executive order to close.

     (f)"Close of Business"  on any given date shall mean 5:00 P.M.,  South St.
Paul, Minnesota time, on such date; provided, however, that, if such date is not
a Business Day, it shall mean 5:00 P.M., South St. Paul,  Minnesota time, on the
next succeeding Business Day.

     (g) "Common  Shares" when used with reference to the Company shall mean the
shares of common  stock,  par value  $.10 per  share,  of the  Company.  "Common
Shares" when used with reference to any Person other than the Company shall mean
the capital stock (or equity  interest)  with the greatest  voting power of such
other  Person or, if such other Person is a Subsidiary  of another  Person,  the
Person or Persons which ultimately control such first-mentioned Person.

    (h)  "Distribution Date" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3(a)
          hereof.

    (i)  "Exchange Act" shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
          as amended.

    (j)  "Exchange Ratio" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 24(a)
          hereof.

    (k)  "Final Expiration Date" shall have the meaning set forth in
          Section 7(a) hereof.

    (l)  "NASDAQ" shall mean the National Association of Securities Dealers,
          Inc. Automated Quotation System.

     (m) "Person" shall mean any individual,  firm, corporation or other entity,
and shall include any successor (by merger or otherwise) of such entity.

     (n) "Preferred   Shares"   shall  mean  shares  of  Series  M  Cumulative
Participating Preferred Stock, par value $10.00 per share, of the Company.

     (o) "Purchase Price" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4 hereof.

     (p) "Record Date" shall have the meaning set forth in the second  paragraph
hereof.

     (q)  "Redemption  Date" shall have the  meaning  set forth in Section  7(a)
hereof.

     (r)  "Redemption  Price" shall have the meaning set forth in Section  23(a)
hereof.

     (s)  "Right"  shall  have the  meaning  set forth in the  second  paragraph
hereof.

     (t) "Right  Certificate"  shall have the meaning set forth in Section  3(a)
hereof.

     (u)  "Shares  Acquisition  Date"  shall  mean  the  first  date  of  public
announcement by the Company or an Acquiring  Person that an Acquiring Person has
become such.

     (v)  "Subsidiary"  of any Person shall mean any corporation or other entity
of which a majority  of the  voting  power of the voting  equity  securities  or
equity interest is owned, directly or indirectly, by such Person.

     (w)  "Summary of Rights"  shall have the meaning set forth in Section  3(b)
hereof.

     (x) "Trading Day' shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11(d) hereof.

     Section 2.  Appointment of Rights Agent.  The Company  hereby  appoints the
Rights Agent to act as agent for the Company and the holders of the Rights (who,
in accordance with Section 3 hereof, shall, prior to the Distribution Date, also
be the holders of the Common Shares of the Company) in accordance with the terms
and conditions hereof, and the Rights Agent hereby accepts such appointment. The
Company  may from  time to time  appoint  such  co-Rights  Agents as it may deem
necessary or desirable.

     Section 3. Issue of Right  Certificates.  (a) Until the  earlier of (i) the
tenth day after the Shares  Acquisition  Date or (ii) the tenth Business Day (or
such later date as may be  determined by action of the Board of Directors of the
Company prior to such time as any Person becomes an Acquiring  Person) after the
date of the  commencement by any Person (other than the Company,  any Subsidiary
of the Company, any employee benefit plan of the Company or of any Subsidiary of
the Company or any entity  holding  Common Shares of the Company for or pursuant
to the terms of any such plan) of, or of the first  public  announcement  of the
intention of any Person (other than the Company,  any Subsidiary of the Company,
any employee  benefit plan of the Company or of any Subsidiary of the Company or
any entity  holding Common Shares of the Company for or pursuant to the terms of
any such plan) to commence, a tender or exchange offer the consummation of which
would result in any Person becoming the Beneficial Owner of Common Shares of the
Company  aggregating  15% or more of the then  outstanding  Common Shares of the
Company  (including  any such date which is after the date of this Agreement and
prior to the  issuance  of the Rights;  the  earlier of such dates being  herein
referred  to as the  "Distribution  Date"),  (x) the  Rights  will be  evidenced
(subject to the  provisions  of Section  3(b)  hereof) by the  certificates  for
Common  Shares of the Company  registered  in the names of the  holders  thereof
(which  certificates  shall also be deemed to be Right  Certificates) and not by
separate  Right  Certificates,  and (y) the right to receive Right  Certificates
will be  transferable  only in connection  with the transfer of Common Shares of
the Company.  As soon as practicable  after the  Distribution  Date, the Company
will prepare and execute,  the Rights  Agent will  countersign,  and the Company
will send or cause to be sent (and the Rights Agent will, if requested, send) by
first-class,  insured,  postage-prepaid  mail,  to each record  holder of Common
Shares of the Company as of the Close of Business on the  Distribution  Date, at
the  address  of such  holder  shown  on the  records  of the  Company,  a Right
Certificate,   in  substantially   the  form  of  Exhibit  A  hereto  (a  "Right
Certificate"),  evidencing  one Right for each Common  Share so held.  As of the
Distribution   Date,  the  Rights  will  be  evidenced   solely  by  such  Right
Certificates.

     On the Record Date, or as soon as practicable thereafter,  the Company will
send  a  copy  of  a  Summary  of  Rights  to  Purchase   Preferred  Shares,  in
substantially  the form of  Exhibit  B hereto  (the  "Summary  of  Rights"),  by
first-class,  postage-prepaid mail, to each record holder of Common Shares as of
the Close of Business on the Record Date, at the address of such holder shown on
the records of the Company.  With respect to  certificates  for Common Shares of
the Company  outstanding as of the Record Date, until the Distribution Date, the
Rights will be evidenced  by such  certificates  registered  in the names of the
holders thereof together with a copy of the Summary of Rights attached  thereto.
Until the Distribution  Date (or the earlier of the Redemption Date or the Final
Expiration  Date),  the  surrender  for transfer of any  certificate  for Common
Shares of the Company  outstanding on the Record Date, with or without a copy of
the Summary of Rights  attached  thereto,  shall also constitute the transfer of
the Rights associated with the Common Shares of the Company represented thereby.

     (c)  Certificates  for Common Shares which become  outstanding  (including,
without limitation, reacquired Common Shares referred to in the last sentence of
this  paragraph  (c)) after the  Record  Date but prior to the  earliest  of the
Distribution  Date, the Redemption Date or the Final  Expiration Date shall have
impressed on, printed on, written on or otherwise  affixed to them the following
legend:

     This  certificate  also evidences and entitles the holder hereof to certain
rights as set forth in an Agreement  between Fort James  Corporation and Norwest
Bank Minnesota,  N.A.,  dated as of February 26, 1999, as it may be amended from
time to time  (the  "Agreement"),  the terms of which  are  hereby  incorporated
herein by reference  and a copy of which is on file at the  principal  executive
offices of Fort James Corporation. Under certain circumstances,  as set forth in
the Agreement,  such Rights (as defined in the  Agreement)  will be evidenced by
separate certificates and will no longer be evidenced by this certificate.  Fort
James  Corporation  will mail to the  holder of this  certificate  a copy of the
Agreement  without charge after receipt of a written  request  therefor.  As set
forth in the Agreement,  Rights  beneficially owned by any Person (as defined in
the  Agreement)  who becomes an Acquiring  Person (as defined in the  Agreement)
become null and void.

     With respect to such certificates  containing the foregoing  legend,  until
the  Distribution  Date,  the Rights  associated  with the Common  Shares of the
Company represented by such certificates shall be evidenced by such certificates
alone,  and the  surrender  for  transfer  of any such  certificate  shall  also
constitute the transfer of the Rights  associated  with the Common Shares of the
Company represented thereby. In the event that the Company purchases or acquires
any  Common  Shares  of the  Company  after  the  Record  Date but  prior to the
Distribution  Date, any Rights associated with such Common Shares of the Company
shall be deemed  cancelled and retired so that the Company shall not be entitled
to exercise any Rights  associated  with the Common  Shares of the Company which
are no longer outstanding.

     Section  4. Form of Right  Certificates.  The Right  Certificates  (and the
forms of election to purchase  Preferred  Shares and of assignment to be printed
on the reverse thereof) shall be substantially the same as Exhibit A hereto, and
may have such marks of identification or designation and such legends, summaries
or endorsements  printed thereon as the Company may deem  appropriate and as are
not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement, or as may be required to
comply with any applicable law or with any  applicable  rule or regulation  made
pursuant thereto or with any applicable rule or regulation of any stock exchange
or the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc., or to conform to usage.
Subject to the  provisions of Section 22 hereof,  the Right  Certificates  shall
entitle the holders thereof to purchase such number of one  one-thousandths of a
Preferred   Share  as  shall  be  set  forth   therein  at  the  price  per  one
one-thousandth  of a Preferred  Share set forth therein (the "Purchase  Price"),
but the number of such one one-thousandths of a Preferred Share and the Purchase
Price shall be subject to adjustment as provided herein.

     Section 5. Countersignature and Registration.  The Right Certificates shall
be  executed on behalf of the  Company by its  Chairman of the Board,  its Chief
Executive Officer,  its President,  any of its Vice Presidents or its Treasurer,
either  manually  or by  facsimile  signature,  shall have  affixed  thereto the
Company's seal or a facsimile thereof, and shall be attested by the Secretary or
an  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Company,  either  manually  or  by  facsimile
signature.  The Right Certificates shall be manually countersigned by the Rights
Agent and shall not be valid for any purpose unless  countersigned.  In case any
officer of the Company who shall have signed any of the Right Certificates shall
cease to be such officer of the Company  before  countersignature  by the Rights
Agent and  issuance  and  delivery  by the  Company,  such  Right  Certificates,
nevertheless,  may be countersigned by the Rights Agent and issued and delivered
by the  Company  with the same  force and effect as though  the  individual  who
signed such Right Certificates had not ceased to be such officer of the Company;
and any  Right  Certificate  may be  signed  on  behalf  of the  Company  by any
individual  who, at the actual date of the execution of such Right  Certificate,
shall be a  proper  officer  of the  Company  to sign  such  Right  Certificate,
although at the date of the execution of this Agreement any such  individual was
not such an officer.

     Following the Distribution  Date, the Rights Agent will keep or cause to be
kept, at its principal office,  books for registration and transfer of the Right
Certificates issued hereunder.  Such books shall show the names and addresses of
the respective holders of the Right Certificates, the number of Rights evidenced
on its face by each of the Right  Certificates and the date of each of the Right
Certificates.

     Section  6.  Transfer,   Split  Up,   Combination  and  Exchange  of  Right
Certificates;  Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Right Certificates.  Subject
to the provisions of Section 14 hereof,  at any time after the Close of Business
on the  Distribution  Date,  and at or prior to the  Close  of  Business  on the
earlier  of the  Redemption  Date  or  the  Final  Expiration  Date,  any  Right
Certificate or Right Certificates  (other than Right  Certificates  representing
Rights that have become void pursuant to  Section~11(a)(ii)  hereof or that have
been  exchanged  pursuant to Section~24  hereof) may be  transferred,  split up,
combined  or  exchanged  for another  Right  Certificate  or Right  Certificates
entitling the registered holder to purchase a like number of one one-thousandths
of a Preferred Share as the Right Certificate or Right Certificates  surrendered
then  entitled  such  holder to  purchase.  Any  registered  holder  desiring to
transfer,  split  up,  combine  or  exchange  any  Right  Certificate  or  Right
Certificates  shall make such request in writing  delivered to the Rights Agent,
and  shall  surrender  the  Right  Certificate  or  Right   Certificates  to  be
transferred,  split up,  combined or  exchanged at the  principal  office of the
Rights Agent.  Thereupon the Rights Agent shall  countersign  and deliver to the
Person entitled thereto a Right Certificate or Right  Certificates,  as the case
may be, as so requested.  The Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to
cover any tax or governmental  charge that may be imposed in connection with any
transfer, split up, combination or exchange of Right Certificates.

     Upon  receipt by the  Company and the Rights  Agent of evidence  reasonably
satisfactory  to them of the loss,  theft,  destruction or mutilation of a Right
Certificate,  and,  in case of  loss,  theft or  destruction,  of  indemnity  or
security  reasonably  satisfactory  to  them,  and,  at the  Company's  request,
reimbursement  to the Company and the Rights  Agent of all  reasonable  expenses
incidental  thereto,  and upon surrender to the Rights Agent and cancellation of
the Right  Certificate  if  mutilated,  the Company  will make and deliver a new
Right  Certificate  of like  tenor  to the  Rights  Agent  for  delivery  to the
registered holder in lieu of the Right Certificate so lost, stolen, destroyed or
mutilated.

     Section 7. Exercise of Rights;  Purchase Price;  Expiration Date of Rights.
(a) The  registered  holder of any Right  Certificate  may  exercise  the Rights
evidenced thereby (except as otherwise provided herein), in whole or in part, at
any time after the Distribution  Date, upon surrender of the Right  Certificate,
with the form of election to purchase on the reverse side thereof duly executed,
to the Rights Agent at the principal  office of the Rights Agent,  together with
payment of the Purchase Price for each one  one-thousandth  of a Preferred Share
as to which the Rights are  exercised,  at or prior to the  earliest  of (i) the
Close of Business on March 1, 2009 (the "Final Expiration Date"),  (ii) the time
at which the  Rights  are  redeemed  as  provided  in  Section  23  hereof  (the
"Redemption  Date"),  or (iii) the time at which such  Rights are  exchanged  as
provided in Section 24 hereof.

     (b)The  Purchase Price for each one  one-thousandth  of a  Preferred  Share
purchasable  pursuant to the exercise of a Right shall  initially be $200,  and
shall be subject to adjustment from time to time as provided in Section 11 or 13
hereof,  and shall be payable in lawful money of the United States of America in
accordance with paragraph (c) below.

     (c) Upon receipt of a Right Certificate  representing  exercisable  Rights,
with the form of election to purchase duly  executed,  accompanied by payment of
the  Purchase  Price for the shares to be  purchased  and an amount equal to any
applicable  transfer  tax  required  to be paid  by the  holder  of  such  Right
Certificate in accordance  with Section 9 hereof by certified  check,  cashier's
check or money order payable to the order of the Company, the Rights Agent shall
thereupon promptly (i)~(A)  requisition from any transfer agent of the Preferred
Shares  certificates  for the number of Preferred Shares to be purchased and the
Company hereby irrevocably authorizes any such transfer agent to comply with all
such requests,  or (B) requisition from the depositary agent depositary receipts
representing such number of one  one-thousandths  of a Preferred Share as are to
be purchased (in which case certificates for the Preferred Shares represented by
such receipts shall be deposited by the transfer  agent of the Preferred  Shares
with such depositary agent) and the Company hereby directs such depositary agent
to comply with such request; (ii) when appropriate, requisition from the Company
the  amount  of cash to be paid in lieu of  issuance  of  fractional  shares  in
accordance  with  Section  14  hereof;  (iii)  promptly  after  receipt  of such
certificates or depositary  receipts,  cause the same to be delivered to or upon
the order of the registered holder of such Right Certificate, registered in such
name or names as may be  designated by such holder;  and (iv) when  appropriate,
after receipt, promptly deliver such cash to or upon the order of the registered
holder of such Right Certificate.

     (d) In case the registered  holder of any Right  Certificate shall exercise
less than all the Rights evidenced thereby,  a new Right Certificate  evidencing
Rights  equivalent to the Rights  remaining  unexercised  shall be issued by the
Rights Agent to registered  holder of such Right Certificate or to such holder's
duly authorized assigns, subject to the provisions of Section 14 hereof.

     Section 8.  Cancellation and Destruction of Right  Certificates.  All Right
Certificates  surrendered  for the  purpose  of  exercise,  transfer,  split up,
combination  or exchange  shall,  if surrendered to the Company or to any of its
agents,  be delivered to the Rights Agent for cancellation or in cancelled form,
or, if surrendered  to the Rights Agent,  shall be cancelled by it, and no Right
Certificates  shall be issued in lieu thereof  except as expressly  permitted by
any of the provisions of this Agreement. The Company shall deliver to the Rights
Agent for cancellation and retirement,  and the Rights Agent shall so cancel and
retire,  any other  Right  Certificate  purchased  or  acquired  by the  Company
otherwise  than upon the exercise  thereof.  The Rights Agent shall  deliver all
cancelled Right Certificates to the Company.

     Section 9.  Availability  of Preferred  Shares.  The Company  covenants and
agrees  that  it  will  cause  to be  reserved  and  kept  available  out of its
authorized  and unissued  Preferred  Shares or any Preferred  Shares held in its
treasury the number of Preferred  Shares that will be  sufficient  to permit the
exercise in full of all outstanding  Rights in accordance with Section 7 hereof.
The  Company  covenants  and agrees  that it will take all such action as may be
necessary to ensure that all Preferred  Shares delivered upon exercise of Rights
shall,  at the time of delivery of the  certificates  for such Preferred  Shares
(subject to payment of the Purchase Price),  be duly and validly  authorized and
issued and fully paid and nonassessable shares.

     The  Company  further  covenants  and agrees  that it will pay when due and
payable any and all federal and state  transfer  taxes and charges  which may be
payable in respect of the issuance or delivery of the Right  Certificates  or of
any  Preferred  Shares  upon the  exercise  of Rights.  The  Company  shall not,
however,  be required to pay any transfer tax which may be payable in respect of
any transfer or delivery of Right  Certificates  to a Person other than,  or the
issuance or delivery of  certificates  or depositary  receipts for the Preferred
Shares  in a name  other  than  that of,  the  registered  holder  of the  Right
Certificate evidencing Rights surrendered for exercise or to issue or to deliver
any  certificates or depositary  receipts for Preferred Shares upon the exercise
of any  Rights  until  any such tax  shall  have  been  paid (any such tax being
payable by the holder of such Right  Certificate  at the time of  surrender)  or
until it has been established to the Company's  reasonable  satisfaction that no
such tax is due.

     Section 10.  Preferred  Shares  Record Date.  Each Person in whose name any
certificate for Preferred Shares is issued upon the exercise of Rights shall for
all  purposes  be deemed to have  become the  holder of record of the  Preferred
Shares  represented  thereby on, and such  certificate  shall be dated, the date
upon which the Right Certificate evidencing such Rights was duly surrendered and
payment of the  Purchase  Price (and any  applicable  transfer  taxes) was made;
provided,  however,  that,  if the date of such  surrender and payment is a date
upon which the Preferred  Shares transfer books of the Company are closed,  such
Person  shall be deemed to have become the record  holder of such shares on, and
such certificate  shall be dated, the next succeeding  Business Day on which the
Preferred  Shares transfer books of the Company are open.  Prior to the exercise
of the Rights evidenced thereby,  the holder of a Right Certificate shall not be
entitled  to any  rights of a holder of  Preferred  Shares  for which the Rights
shall be  exercisable,  including,  without  limitation,  the right to vote,  to
receive dividends or other  distributions or to exercise any preemptive  rights,
and shall not be  entitled  to  receive  any  notice of any  proceedings  of the
Company, except as provided herein.

     Section 11.  Adjustment  of Purchase  Price,  Number of Shares or Number of
Rights. The Purchase Price, the number of Preferred Shares covered by each Right
and the number of Rights outstanding are subject to adjustment from time to time
as provided in this Section 11.

     (a) (i) In the event the  Company  shall at any time after the date of this
Agreement  (A) declare a dividend on the Preferred  Shares  payable in Preferred
Shares,  (B)  subdivide  the  outstanding  Preferred  Shares,  (C)  combine  the
outstanding  Preferred  Shares into a smaller number of Preferred  Shares or (D)
issue any shares of its capital  stock in a  reclassification  of the  Preferred
Shares (including any such  reclassification  in connection with a consolidation
or merger in which the  Company is the  continuing  or  surviving  corporation),
except as otherwise provided in this Section 11(a), the Purchase Price in effect
at the time of the record  date for such  dividend or of the  effective  date of
such subdivision,  combination or  reclassification,  and the number and kind of
shares of capital stock issuable on such date, shall be proportionately adjusted
so that the holder of any Right  exercised  after such time shall be entitled to
receive the aggregate  number and kind of shares of capital stock which, if such
Right had been exercised  immediately  prior to such date and at a time when the
Preferred Shares transfer books of the Company were open, such holder would have
owned  upon  such  exercise  and been  entitled  to  receive  by  virtue of such
dividend, subdivision, combination or reclassification;  provided, however, that
in no event shall the consideration to be paid upon the exercise of one Right be
less than the  aggregate par value of the shares of capital stock of the Company
issuable upon exercise of one Right.

     (ii)Subject  to  Section  24  hereof,  in the event any  Person  becomes an
Acquiring  Person,  each  holder  of a Right  shall  thereafter  have a right to
receive,  upon  exercise  thereof at a price equal to the then current  Purchase
Price multiplied by the number of one  one-thousandths  of a Preferred Share for
which  a Right  is then  exercisable,  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of this
Agreement and in lieu of Preferred  Shares,  such number of Common Shares of the
Company as shall equal the result  obtained by (A)  multiplying the then current
Purchase  Price by the number of one  one-thousandths  of a Preferred  Share for
which a Right is then  exercisable  and dividing  that product by (B) 50% of the
then  current  per  share  market  price of the  Common  Shares  of the  Company
(determined  pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof) on the date of the  occurrence of
such event.  In the event that any Person shall  become an Acquiring  Person and
the Rights  shall then be  outstanding,  the  Company  shall not take any action
which would  eliminate or diminish  the benefits  intended to be afforded by the
Rights.

     From and after the  occurrence  of such event,  any Rights that are or were
acquired or  beneficially  owned by any  Acquiring  Person (or any  Associate or
Affiliate of such Acquiring Person) shall be void, and any holder of such Rights
shall  thereafter  have no right to exercise  such Rights under any provision of
this  Agreement.  No Right  Certificate  shall be issued  pursuant to  Section~3
hereof that represents  Rights  beneficially  owned by an Acquiring Person whose
Rights  would be void  pursuant to the  preceding  sentence or any  Associate or
Affiliate  thereof;  no Right  Certificate  shall be issued at any time upon the
transfer  of any  Rights  to an  Acquiring  Person  whose  Rights  would be void
pursuant to the preceding  sentence or any Associate or Affiliate  thereof or to
any nominee of such  Acquiring  Person,  Associate or  Affiliate;  and any Right
Certificate  delivered to the Rights  Agent for transfer to an Acquiring  Person
whose  Rights  would  be  void  pursuant  to the  preceding  sentence  shall  be
cancelled.

     (iii) In the event that there shall not be sufficient  Common Shares issued
but not outstanding or authorized but unissued to permit the exercise in full of
the Rights in accordance with  subparagraph  (ii) above,  the Company shall take
all such action as may be necessary to authorize  additional  Common  Shares for
issuance upon exercise of the Rights. In the event the Company shall, after good
faith effort, be unable to take all such action as may be necessary to authorize
such additional  Common Shares,  the Company shall  substitute,  for each Common
Share that would  otherwise be issuable  upon  exercise of a Right,  a number of
Preferred  Shares or fraction  thereof  such that the  current per share  market
price of one Preferred  Share  multiplied by such number or fraction is equal to
the  current  per  share  market  price  of one  Common  Share as of the date of
issuance of such Preferred Shares or fraction thereof.

     (b) In case the Company shall fix a record date for the issuance of rights,
options or warrants to all holders of  Preferred  Shares  entitling  them (for a
period expiring within 45 calendar days after such record date) to subscribe for
or purchase  Preferred Shares (or shares having the same rights,  privileges and
preferences  as  the  Preferred  Shares  ("equivalent   preferred  shares"))  or
securities convertible into Preferred Shares or equivalent preferred shares at a
price per Preferred Share or equivalent  preferred share (or having a conversion
price per share, if a security  convertible  into Preferred Shares or equivalent
preferred  shares)  less than the then  current  per share  market  price of the
Preferred Shares (as defined in Section 11(d)) on such record date, the Purchase
Price to be in effect after such record date shall be determined by  multiplying
the  Purchase  Price  in  effect  immediately  prior  to such  record  date by a
fraction,  the  numerator  of which  shall be the  number  of  Preferred  Shares
outstanding  on such record date plus the number of  Preferred  Shares which the
aggregate  offering  price  of the  total  number  of  Preferred  Shares  and/or
equivalent  preferred  shares so to be offered  (and/or  the  aggregate  initial
conversion price of the convertible  securities so to be offered) would purchase
at such current market price and the denominator of which shall be the number of
Preferred  Shares  outstanding on such record date plus the number of additional
Preferred  Shares  and/or   equivalent   preferred  shares  to  be  offered  for
subscription  or purchase  (or into which the  convertible  securities  so to be
offered are initially  convertible);  provided,  however, that in no event shall
the  consideration  to be paid upon the  exercise  of one Right be less than the
aggregate par value of the shares of capital stock of the Company  issuable upon
exercise  of one  Right.  In  case  such  subscription  price  may be  paid in a
consideration part or all of which shall be in a form other than cash, the value
of such  consideration  shall be as  determined  in good  faith by the  Board of
Directors of the Company,  whose determination shall be described in a statement
filed with the Rights Agent and shall be binding on the Rights Agent and holders
of the Rights.  Preferred Shares owned by or held for the account of the Company
shall not be deemed  outstanding for the purpose of any such  computation.  Such
adjustment shall be made successively whenever such a record date is fixed; and,
in the event that such  rights,  options  or  warrants  are not so  issued,  the
Purchase Price shall be adjusted to be the Purchase Price which would then be in
effect if such record date had not been fixed.

     (c) In case the  Company  shall  fix a  record  date  for the  making  of a
distribution  to all  holders  of  the  Preferred  Shares  (including  any  such
distribution  made in  connection  with a  consolidation  or merger in which the
Company is the continuing or surviving corporation) of evidences of indebtedness
or assets (other than a regular quarterly cash dividend or a dividend payable in
Preferred Shares) or subscription  rights or warrants  (excluding those referred
to in Section  11(b)  hereof),  the  Purchase  Price to be in effect  after such
record date shall be  determined  by  multiplying  the Purchase  Price in effect
immediately  prior to such  record date by a fraction,  the  numerator  of which
shall be the then-current per share market price of the Preferred Shares on such
record  date,  less the fair market  value (as  determined  in good faith by the
Board of Directors of the Company,  whose  determination shall be described in a
statement  filed with the Rights  Agent and shall be binding on the Rights Agent
and  holders  of the  Rights)  of the  portion  of the  assets or  evidences  of
indebtedness  so to be  distributed or of such  subscription  rights or warrants
applicable to one  Preferred  Share and the  denominator  of which shall be such
then-current per share market price of the Preferred Shares on such record date;
provided,  however, that in no event shall the consideration to be paid upon the
exercise  of one Right be less  than the  aggregate  par value of the  shares of
capital  stock of the  Company to be issued  upon  exercise  of one Right.  Such
adjustments  shall be made  successively  whenever  such a record date is fixed;
and, in the event that such  distribution  is not so made,  the  Purchase  Price
shall again be adjusted to be the  Purchase  Price which would then be in effect
if such record date had not been fixed.

     (d) (i) For the purpose of any  computation  hereunder,  the  "current  per
share  market  price" of any  security  (a  "Security"  for the  purpose of this
Section  11(d)(i))  on any date  shall be deemed to be the  average of the daily
closing  prices per share of such Security for the 30  consecutive  Trading Days
immediately prior to such date; provided,  however,  that, in the event that the
current per share  market price of the  Security is  determined  during a period
following the  announcement  by the issuer of such Security of (A) a dividend or
distribution  on such Security  payable in shares of such Security or Securities
convertible  into  such  shares,   or  (B)  any   subdivision,   combination  or
reclassification of such Security and prior to the expiration of 30 Trading Days
after the ex-dividend date for such dividend or distribution, or the record date
for such subdivision,  combination or  reclassification,  then, and in each such
case,  the current per share  market  price shall be  appropriately  adjusted to
reflect the current  market price per share  equivalent  of such  Security.  The
closing  price for each day shall be the last sale price,  regular  way,  or, in
case no such sale takes  place on such day,  the  average of the closing bid and
asked  prices,  regular  way,  in either  case,  as  reported  in the  principal
consolidated  transaction  reporting system with respect to securities listed or
admitted to trading on the New York Stock  Exchange  or, if the  Security is not
listed or admitted to trading on the New York Stock Exchange, as reported in the
principal  consolidated  transaction reporting system with respect to securities
listed on the principal  national  securities  exchange on which the Security is
listed or admitted  to trading or, if the  Security is not listed or admitted to
trading on any national securities exchange, the last quoted price or, if not so
quoted, the average of the high bid and low asked prices in the over-the-counter
market,  as reported by NASDAQ or such other  system then in use,  or, if on any
such date the  Security is not quoted by any such  organization,  the average of
the closing bid and asked  prices as furnished  by a  professional  market maker
making a market  in the  Security  selected  by the  Board of  Directors  of the
Company. The term "Trading Day" shall mean a day on which the principal national
securities  exchange  on which the  Security is listed or admitted to trading is
open for the  transaction  of  business,  or, if the  Security  is not listed or
admitted to trading on any national securities exchange, a Business Day.

     For the purpose of any computation hereunder, the "current per share market
price" of the Preferred Shares shall be determined in accordance with the method
set forth in Section 11(d)(i).  If the Preferred Shares are not publicly traded,
the  "current  per  share  market  price"  of  the  Preferred  Shares  shall  be
conclusively  deemed to be the  current  per share  market  price of the  Common
Shares as determined pursuant to Section 11(d)(i) hereof (appropriately adjusted
to reflect any stock  split,  stock  dividend or similar  transaction  occurring
after the date hereof), multiplied by one thousand. If neither the Common Shares
nor the Preferred Shares are publicly held or so listed or traded,  "current per
share market  price" shall mean the fair value per share as  determined  in good
faith by the Board of  Directors of the Company,  whose  determination  shall be
described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent.

     (e) No  adjustment  in the  Purchase  Price shall be  required  unless such
adjustment  would require an increase or decrease of at least 1% in the Purchase
Price;  provided,  however, that any adjustments which by reason of this Section
11(e) are not  required  to be made  shall be  carried  forward  and taken  into
account in any subsequent  adjustment.  All  calculations  under this Section 11
shall be made to the  nearest  cent or to the  nearest  one  one-millionth  of a
Preferred Share or one ten-thousandth of any other share or security as the case
may be. Notwithstanding the first sentence of this Section 11(e), any adjustment
required by this Section 11 shall be made no later than the earlier of (i) three
years from the date of the  transaction  which requires such  adjustment or (ii)
the date of the expiration of the right to exercise any Rights.

     (f) If, as a result of an adjustment made pursuant to Section 11(a) hereof,
the holder of any Right  thereafter  exercised  shall become entitled to receive
any  shares  of  capital  stock of the  Company  other  than  Preferred  Shares,
thereafter  the number of such other shares so  receivable  upon exercise of any
Right shall be subject to adjustment  from time to time in a manner and on terms
as nearly  equivalent  as  practicable  to the  provisions  with  respect to the
Preferred Shares contained in Section 11(a) through (c) hereof,  inclusive,  and
the  provisions of Sections 7, 9, 10 and 13 hereof with respect to the Preferred
Shares shall apply on like terms to any such other shares.

     (g)  All  Rights  originally  issued  by  the  Company  subsequent  to  any
adjustment  made to the Purchase  Price  hereunder  shall  evidence the right to
purchase, at the adjusted Purchase Price, the number of one one-thousandths of a
Preferred  Share  purchasable  from time to time  hereunder upon exercise of the
Rights, all subject to further adjustment as provided herein.

     (h) Unless the Company  shall have  exercised  its  election as provided in
Section 11(i) hereof,  upon each adjustment of the Purchase Price as a result of
the calculations  made in Sections 11(b) and (c) hereof,  each Right outstanding
immediately prior to the making of such adjustment shall thereafter evidence the
right  to  purchase,  at  the  adjusted  Purchase  Price,  that  number  of  one
one-thousandths   of  a  Preferred   Share   (calculated   to  the  nearest  one
one-millionth  of a Preferred  Share) obtained by (A) multiplying (x) the number
of one  one-thousandths  of a share covered by a Right immediately prior to this
adjustment  by (y) the  Purchase  Price  in  effect  immediately  prior  to such
adjustment of the Purchase Price and (B) dividing the product so obtained by the
Purchase  Price in effect  immediately  after such  adjustment  of the  Purchase
Price.

     (i) The Company may elect,  on or after the date of any  adjustment  of the
Purchase  Price,  to  adjust  the  number  of  Rights  in  substitution  for any
adjustment in the number of one one-thousandths of a Preferred Share purchasable
upon  the  exercise  of a  Right.  Each of the  Rights  outstanding  after  such
adjustment  of the number of Rights shall be  exercisable  for the number of one
one-thousandths  of  a  Preferred  Share  for  which  a  Right  was  exercisable
immediately  prior to such  adjustment.  Each Right held of record prior to such
adjustment  of  the  number  of  Rights  shall  become  that  number  of  Rights
(calculated to the nearest one ten-thousandth) obtained by dividing the Purchase
Price in effect  immediately  prior to adjustment  of the Purchase  Price by the
Purchase Price in effect immediately after adjustment of the Purchase Price. The
Company shall make a public announcement of its election to adjust the number of
Rights,  indicating  the record  date for the  adjustment,  and, if known at the
time, the amount of the adjustment to be made.  This record date may be the date
on which the Purchase Price is adjusted or any day thereafter, but, if the Right
Certificates have been issued,  shall be at least 10 days later than the date of
the public  announcement.  If Right  Certificates  have been  issued,  upon each
adjustment of the number of Rights  pursuant to this Section 11(i),  the Company
shall, as promptly as practicable,  cause to be distributed to holders of record
of Right Certificates on such record date Right Certificates evidencing, subject
to Section 14  hereof,  the  additional  Rights to which such  holders  shall be
entitled as a result of such adjustment, or, at the option of the Company, shall
cause  to  be  distributed  to  such  holders  of  record  in  substitution  and
replacement for the Right Certificates held by such holders prior to the date of
adjustment,  and upon surrender thereof,  if required by the Company,  new Right
Certificates  evidencing  all the Rights to which such holders shall be entitled
after such adjustment.  Right Certificates so to be distributed shall be issued,
executed  and  countersigned  in the manner  provided  for herein,  and shall be
registered  in the names of the holders of record of Right  Certificates  on the
record date specified in the public announcement.

     (j)  Irrespective  of any  adjustment or change in the Purchase Price or in
the  number  of one  one-thousandths  of a  Preferred  Share  issuable  upon the
exercise of the Rights, the Right Certificates theretofore and thereafter issued
may continue to express the Purchase Price and the number of one one-thousandths
of a Preferred  Share which were  expressed  in the initial  Right  Certificates
issued hereunder.

     (k) Before  taking any action that would cause an  adjustment  reducing the
Purchase Price below one  one-thousandth  of the then par value,  if any, of the
Preferred  Shares  issuable upon exercise of the Rights,  the Company shall take
any corporate  action which may, in the opinion of its counsel,  be necessary in
order  that  the  Company   may  validly  and  legally   issue  fully  paid  and
nonassessable Preferred Shares at such adjusted Purchase Price.

     (l) In any case in which this Section 11 shall  require that an  adjustment
in the  Purchase  Price be made  effective  as of a record  date for a specified
event,  the Company may elect to defer  until the  occurrence  of such event the
issuing  to the holder of any Right  exercised  after  such  record  date of the
Preferred  Shares and other capital stock or securities of the Company,  if any,
issuable  upon  such  exercise  over and above the  Preferred  Shares  and other
capital stock or securities of the Company,  if any, issuable upon such exercise
on the basis of the Purchase Price in effect prior to such adjustment; provided,
however,  that the  Company  shall  deliver  to such  holder a due bill or other
appropriate instrument evidencing such holder's right to receive such additional
shares upon the occurrence of the event requiring such adjustment.

     (m)  Anything  in this  Section  11 to the  contrary  notwithstanding,  the
Company  shall be entitled to make such  reductions  in the Purchase  Price,  in
addition to those adjustments  expressly  required by this Section 11, as and to
the extent that it, in its sole  discretion,  shall determine to be advisable in
order that any  consolidation or subdivision of the Preferred  Shares,  issuance
wholly for cash of any Preferred  Shares at less than the current  market price,
issuance wholly for cash of Preferred  Shares or securities which by their terms
are  convertible  into  or  exchangeable  for  Preferred  Shares,  dividends  on
Preferred Shares payable in Preferred  Shares or issuance of rights,  options or
warrants  referred to in Section 11(b) hereof,  hereafter made by the Company to
holders of the Preferred Shares shall not be taxable to such stockholders.

     (n) In the event  that,  at any time after the date of this  Agreement  and
prior to the  Distribution  Date,  the  Company  shall  (i)  declare  or pay any
dividend  on the  Common  Shares  payable  in Common  Shares,  or (ii)  effect a
subdivision,   combination   or   consolidation   of  the   Common   Shares  (by
reclassification  or otherwise  than by payment of  dividends in Common  Shares)
into a greater or lesser number of Common  Shares,  then, in any such case,  (A)
the number of one  one-thousandths  of a Preferred Share  purchasable after such
event upon proper  exercise of each Right shall be determined by multiplying the
number of one  one-thousandths  of a Preferred Share so purchasable  immediately
prior to such  event by a  fraction,  the  numerator  of which is the  number of
Common Shares  outstanding  immediately before such event and the denominator of
which is the number of Common Shares  outstanding  immediately after such event,
and (B) each Common Share  outstanding  immediately  after such event shall have
issued  with  respect  to it that  number  of Rights  which  each  Common  Share
outstanding  immediately  prior to such event had issued with respect to it. The
adjustments  provided  for in this  Section  11(n)  shall  be made  successively
whenever such a dividend is declared or paid or such a subdivision,  combination
or consolidation is effected.

     Section 12.  Certificate  of Adjusted  Purchase  Price or Number of Shares.
Whenever  an  adjustment  is made as  provided  in Section 11 or 13 hereof,  the
Company shall promptly (a) prepare a certificate  setting forth such  adjustment
and a brief statement of the facts accounting for such adjustment, (b) file with
the  Rights  Agent and with each  transfer  agent for the  Common  Shares or the
Preferred  Shares and the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  a copy of such
certificate and (c) if such adjustment occurs at any time after the Distribution
Date,  mail a brief  summary  thereof to each holder of a Right  Certificate  in
accordance with Section 25 hereof.

     Section 13. Consolidation,  Merger or Sale or Transfer of Assets or Earning
Power.  In the event,  directly  or  indirectly,  at any time after a Person has
become an Acquiring  Person,  (a) the Company shall  consolidate  with, or merge
with and into,  any other  Person,  (b) any Person  shall  consolidate  with the
Company,  or  merge  with  and into the  Company  and the  Company  shall be the
continuing or surviving  corporation of such merger and, in connection with such
merger,  all or part of the Common Shares shall be changed into or exchanged for
stock or other  securities  of any other  Person (or the Company) or cash or any
other property,  or (c) the Company shall sell or otherwise  transfer (or one or
more of its  Subsidiaries  shall  sell or  otherwise  transfer),  in one or more
transactions,  assets or earning power  aggregating 50% or more of the assets or
earning  power of the  Company  and its  Subsidiaries  (taken as a whole) to any
other  Person  other  than  the  Company  or one or  more  of its  wholly  owned
Subsidiaries,  then, and in each such case,  proper  provision  shall be made so
that (i) each holder of a Right  (except as  otherwise  provided  herein)  shall
thereafter have the right to receive, upon the exercise thereof at a price equal
to  the  then  current   Purchase   Price   multiplied  by  the  number  of  one
one-thousandths  of a Preferred Share for which a Right is then exercisable,  in
accordance  with the terms of this  Agreement  and in lieu of Preferred  Shares,
such  number of Common  Shares of such other  Person  (including  the Company as
successor  thereto or as the  surviving  corporation)  as shall equal the result
obtained by (A) multiplying the then current Purchase Price by the number of one
one-thousandths  of a Preferred Share for which a Right is then  exercisable and
dividing  that  product by (B) 50% of the then current per share market price of
the Common  Shares of such other Person  (determined  pursuant to Section  11(d)
hereof)  on the date of  consummation  of such  consolidation,  merger,  sale or
transfer;  (ii) the issuer of such Common Shares shall thereafter be liable for,
and shall assume, by virtue of such consolidation, merger, sale or transfer, all
the obligations and duties of the Company pursuant to this Agreement;  (iii) the
term "Company" shall thereafter be deemed to refer to such issuer; and (iv) such
issuer shall take such steps (including,  but not limited to, the reservation of
a sufficient number of its Common Shares in accordance with Section 9 hereof) in
connection  with  such  consummation  as may be  necessary  to  assure  that the
provisions  hereof shall  thereafter be applicable,  as nearly as reasonably may
be, in relation to the Common Shares of the Company thereafter  deliverable upon
the  exercise  of  the  Rights.  The  Company  shall  not  consummate  any  such
consolidation,  merger, sale or transfer unless,  prior thereto, the Company and
such issuer shall have executed and delivered to the Rights Agent a supplemental
agreement so providing.  The Company shall not enter into any transaction of the
kind referred to in this Section 13 if at the time of such transaction there are
any rights, warrants, instruments or securities outstanding or any agreements or
arrangements  which, as a result of the consummation of such transaction,  would
eliminate or substantially  diminish the benefits intended to be afforded by the
Rights.  The provisions of this Section 13 shall  similarly  apply to successive
mergers or consolidations or sales or other transfers.

     Section 14. Fractional Rights and Fractional  Shares. (a) The Company shall
not be required to issue fractions of Rights or to distribute Right Certificates
which evidence fractional Rights. In lieu of such fractional Rights, there shall
be paid to the registered holders of the Right Certificates with regard to which
such fractional  Rights would otherwise be issuable,  an amount in cash equal to
the same fraction of the current market value of a whole Right. For the purposes
of this Section  14(a),  the current  market value of a whole Right shall be the
closing price of the Rights for the Trading Day immediately prior to the date on
which such  fractional  Rights would have been otherwise  issuable.  The closing
price for any day shall be the last sale price, regular way, or, in case no such
sale takes place on such day,  the average of the closing bid and asked  prices,
regular  way,  in  either  case,  as  reported  in  the  principal  consolidated
transaction  reporting  system with respect to securities  listed or admitted to
trading  on the New York  Stock  Exchange  or, if the  Rights  are not listed or
admitted to trading on the New York Stock Exchange, as reported in the principal
consolidated  transaction  reporting system with respect to securities listed on
the  principal  national  securities  exchange on which the Rights are listed or
admitted  to trading  or, if the Rights are not listed or admitted to trading on
any national  securities  exchange,  the last quoted price or, if not so quoted,
the average of the high bid and low asked prices in the over-the-counter market,
as reported  by NASDAQ or such other  system then in use or, if on any such date
the Rights are not quoted by any such  organization,  the average of the closing
bid and asked prices as furnished by a professional market maker making a market
in the Rights selected by the Board of Directors of the Company.  If on any such
date no such market  maker is making a market in the  Rights,  the fair value of
the Rights on such date as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of
the Company shall be used.

     (b)The Company shall not be required to issue fractions of Preferred Shares
(other than fractions which are integral  multiples of one  one-thousandth  of a
Preferred Share) upon exercise of the Rights or to distribute certificates which
evidence  fractional  Preferred  Shares (other than fractions which are integral
multiples of one  one-thousandth of a Preferred  Share).  Fractions of Preferred
Shares in integral  multiples of one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share may, at
the election of the Company, be evidenced by depositary receipts, pursuant to an
appropriate  agreement  between  the Company  and a  depositary  selected by it;
provided that such agreement  shall provide that the holders of such  depositary
receipts shall have all the rights, privileges and preferences to which they are
entitled  as  beneficial  owners of the  Preferred  Shares  represented  by such
depositary  receipts.  In lieu  of  fractional  Preferred  Shares  that  are not
integral multiples of one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share, the Company shall
pay to the registered  holders of Right Certificates at the time such Rights are
exercised as herein provided an amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the
current  market value of one Preferred  Share.  For the purposes of this Section
14(b),  the current market value of a Preferred Share shall be the closing price
of a Preferred  Share (as determined  pursuant to the second sentence of Section
11(d)(i)  hereof)  for the  Trading  Day  immediately  prior to the date of such
exercise.

     (c) The holder of a Right, by the acceptance of the Right, expressly waives
such holder's  right to receive any fractional  Rights or any fractional  shares
upon exercise of a Right (except as provided above).

     Section  15.  Rights of  Action.  All  rights of action in  respect of this
Agreement,  excepting  the  rights of action  given to the  Rights  Agent  under
Section 18 hereof, are vested in the respective  registered holders of the Right
Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution Date, the registered holders of the
Common Shares); and any registered holder of any Right Certificate (or, prior to
the Distribution Date, of the Common Shares),  without the consent of the Rights
Agent  or of the  holder  of any  other  Right  Certificate  (or,  prior  to the
Distribution  Date, of the Common Shares),  may, in such holder's own behalf and
for such holder's own benefit, enforce, and may institute and maintain any suit,
action or proceeding against the Company to enforce, or otherwise act in respect
of,  such  holder's  right  to  exercise  the  Rights  evidenced  by such  Right
Certificate  in the  manner  provided  in  such  Right  Certificate  and in this
Agreement.  Without  limiting the  foregoing  or any  remedies  available to the
holders of Rights,  it is specifically  acknowledged  that the holders of Rights
would not have an adequate remedy at law for any breach of this  Agreement,  and
will  be  entitled  to  specific  performance  of  the  obligations  under,  and
injunctive relief against actual or threatened  violations of the obligations of
any Person subject to, this Agreement.

     Section  16.  Agreement  of Right  Holders.  Every  holder  of a Right,  by
accepting  the same,  consents  and agrees with the Company and the Rights Agent
and with every other holder of a Right that:

     (a) prior to the Distribution Date, the Rights will be transferable only in
connection with the transfer of the Common Shares;

     (b) after the  Distribution  Date, the Right  Certificates are transferable
only on the registry  books of the Rights Agent if  surrendered at the principal
office of the Rights Agent,  duly endorsed or accompanied by a proper instrument
of transfer; and

     (c) the Company and the Rights Agent may deem and treat the person in whose
name the Right  Certificate (or, prior to the Distribution  Date, the associated
Common Shares  certificate)  is registered as the absolute  owner thereof and of
the Rights  evidenced  thereby  (notwithstanding  any  notations of ownership or
writing on the Right  Certificate  or the associated  Common Shares  certificate
made by anyone  other than the  Company or the  Rights  Agent) for all  purposes
whatsoever,  and neither  the Company nor the Rights  Agent shall be affected by
any notice to the contrary.

     Section 17. Right Certificate  Holder Not Deemed a Stockholder.  No holder,
as such, of any Right Certificate  shall be entitled to vote,  receive dividends
or be deemed for any  purpose  the holder of the  Preferred  Shares or any other
securities  of the Company  which may at any time be issuable on the exercise of
the Rights  represented  thereby,  nor shall anything contained herein or in any
Right  Certificate  be  construed  to  confer  upon  the  holder  of  any  Right
Certificate,  as such,  any of the rights of a stockholder of the Company or any
right to vote for the  election of  directors  or upon any matter  submitted  to
stockholders  at any  meeting  thereof,  or to give or  withhold  consent to any
corporate  action,  or to receive notice of meetings or other actions  affecting
stockholders  (except as provided in Section 25 hereof), or to receive dividends
or subscription  rights,  or otherwise,  until the Right or Rights  evidenced by
such  Right  Certificate  shall  have  been  exercised  in  accordance  with the
provisions hereof.

     Section 18.  Concerning the Rights Agent.  The Company agrees to pay to the
Rights Agent reasonable  compensation for all services rendered by it hereunder,
and, from time to time, on demand of the Rights Agent,  its reasonable  expenses
and counsel  fees and other  disbursements  incurred in the  administration  and
execution  of this  Agreement  and the exercise  and  performance  of its duties
hereunder.  The Company  also agrees to  indemnify  the Rights Agent for, and to
hold it harmless  against,  any loss,  liability,  or expense  incurred  without
negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct on the part of the Rights Agent, for
anything done or omitted by the Rights Agent in connection  with the  acceptance
and  administration  of this  Agreement,  including  the costs and  expenses  of
defending against any claim of liability in the premises.

     The Rights Agent shall be protected and shall incur no liability for, or in
respect of any action taken,  suffered or omitted by it in connection  with, its
administration  of this  Agreement  in reliance  upon any Right  Certificate  or
certificate for the Preferred Shares or Common Shares or for other securities of
the  Company,   instrument  of  assignment  or  transfer,   power  of  attorney,
endorsement,   affidavit,  letter,  notice,  direction,   consent,  certificate,
statement,  or other  paper or  document  believed by it to be genuine and to be
signed, executed and, where necessary,  verified or acknowledged,  by the proper
person or  persons,  or  otherwise  upon the  advice of  counsel as set forth in
Section 20 hereof.

     Section 19. Merger or  Consolidation or Change of Name of Rights Agent. Any
corporation  into which the Rights  Agent or any  successor  Rights Agent may be
merged or with which it may be consolidated,  or any corporation  resulting from
any merger or  consolidation  to which the Rights Agent or any successor  Rights
Agent shall be a party, or any  corporation  succeeding to the stock transfer or
corporate trust powers of the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent,  shall
be the successor to the Rights Agent under this Agreement  without the execution
or  filing  of any paper or any  further  act on the part of any of the  parties
hereto;  provided that such  corporation  would be eligible for appointment as a
successor Rights Agent under the provisions of Section 21 hereof. In case at the
time such  successor  Rights Agent shall  succeed to the agency  created by this
Agreement,  any of the Right  Certificates shall have been countersigned but not
delivered, any such successor Rights Agent may adopt the countersignature of the
predecessor  Rights Agent and deliver such Right  Certificates so countersigned;
and,  in case at that  time any of the  Right  Certificates  shall not have been
countersigned,   any  successor   Rights  Agent  may   countersign   such  Right
Certificates  either in the name of the predecessor  Rights Agent or in the name
of the successor Rights Agent; and, in all such cases,  such Right  Certificates
shall  have  the full  force  provided  in the  Right  Certificates  and in this
Agreement.

     In case at any time the name of the Rights  Agent  shall be changed  and at
such time any of the Right  Certificates  shall have been  countersigned but not
delivered,  the Rights Agent may adopt the countersignature under its prior name
and deliver Right  Certificates so countersigned;  and, in case at that time any
of the Right  Certificates shall not have been  countersigned,  the Rights Agent
may  countersign  such  Right  Certificates  either in its prior  name or in its
changed name;  and, in all such cases,  such Right  Certificates  shall have the
full force provided in the Right Certificates and in this Agreement.

     Section 20. Duties of Rights Agent.  The Rights Agent undertakes the duties
and  obligations  imposed  by  this  Agreement  upon  the  following  terms  and
conditions,  by all of which the Company and the holders of Right  Certificates,
by their acceptance thereof, shall be bound:

     (a) The  Rights  Agent may  consult  with legal  counsel  (who may be legal
counsel  for the  Company),  and the opinion of such  counsel  shall be full and
complete authorization and protection to the Rights Agent as to any action taken
or omitted by it in good faith and in accordance with such opinion.

     (b)  Whenever in the  performance  of its duties under this  Agreement  the
Rights Agent shall deem it  necessary  or  desirable  that any fact or matter be
proved or  established  by the Company  prior to taking or suffering  any action
hereunder,  such fact or matter  (unless  other  evidence in respect  thereof be
herein  specifically  prescribed)  may be deemed to be  conclusively  proved and
established by a certificate signed by any one of the Chairman of the Board, the
Chief Executive Officer, the President, any Vice President, the Treasurer or the
Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Rights Agent; and such certificate
shall be full authorization to the Rights Agent for any action taken or suffered
in good faith by it under the provisions of this Agreement in reliance upon such
certificate.

     (c) The Rights Agent shall be liable hereunder to the Company and any other
Person only for its own negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct.

     (d) The  Rights  Agent  shall not be liable  for or by reason of any of the
statements  of fact or  recitals  contained  in this  Agreement  or in the Right
Certificates (except its countersignature  thereof) or be required to verify the
same, but all such  statements and recitals are and shall be deemed to have been
made by the Company only.

     (e) The Rights  Agent shall not be under any  responsibility  in respect of
the validity of this Agreement or the execution and delivery  hereof (except the
due  execution  hereof by the Rights  Agent) or in respect  of the  validity  or
execution of any Right Certificate (except its  countersignature  thereof);  nor
shall it be  responsible  for any  breach  by the  Company  of any  covenant  or
condition contained in this Agreement or in any Right Certificate;  nor shall it
be responsible for any change in the exercisability of the Rights (including the
Rights becoming void pursuant to Section  11(a)(ii) hereof) or any adjustment in
the terms of the  Rights  (including  the  manner,  method  or  amount  thereof)
provided for in Section 3, 11, 13, 23 or 24 hereof,  or the  ascertaining of the
existence of facts that would require any such change or adjustment (except with
respect to the exercise of Rights evidenced by Right  Certificates  after actual
notice  that such change or  adjustment  is  required);  nor shall it by any act
hereunder  be  deemed  to  make  any   representation  or  warranty  as  to  the
authorization  or reservation of any Preferred  Shares to be issued  pursuant to
this Agreement or any Right  Certificate  or as to whether any Preferred  Shares
will,  when  issued,   be  validly   authorized  and  issued,   fully  paid  and
nonassessable.

     (f) The  Company  agrees that it will  perform,  execute,  acknowledge  and
deliver or cause to be performed, executed,  acknowledged and delivered all such
further and other acts, instruments and assurances as may reasonably be required
by the Rights Agent for the carrying  out or  performing  by the Rights Agent of
the provisions of this Agreement.

     (g)  The  Rights  Agent  is  hereby   authorized  and  directed  to  accept
instructions  with respect to the  performance of its duties  hereunder from any
one of the Chairman of the Board,  the Chief Executive  Officer,  the President,
any Vice President,  the Secretary or the Treasurer of the Company, and to apply
to such officers for advice or instructions  in connection with its duties,  and
it shall not be liable for any action  taken or  suffered by it in good faith in
accordance  with  instructions  of any such  officer  or for any delay in acting
while waiting for those instructions.

     (h) The Rights Agent and any stockholder,  director, officer or employee of
the Rights Agent may buy, sell or deal in any of the Rights or other  securities
of the Company or become pecuniarily  interested in any transaction in which the
Company  may be  interested,  or  contract  with or lend money to the Company or
otherwise  act as fully and freely as though it were not Rights Agent under this
Agreement.  Nothing  herein  shall  preclude the Rights Agent from acting in any
other capacity for the Company or for any other legal entity.

     (i) The Rights  Agent may execute and  exercise any of the rights or powers
hereby vested in it or perform any duty hereunder either itself or by or through
its  attorneys  or  agents,  and the Rights  Agent  shall not be  answerable  or
accountable for any act, default, neglect or misconduct of any such attorneys or
agents or for any loss to the  Company  resulting  from any such  act,  default,
neglect or  misconduct,  provided  that  reasonable  care was  exercised  in the
selection and continued employment thereof.

     Section  21.  Change of Rights  Agent.  The Rights  Agent or any  successor
Rights Agent may resign and be discharged  from its duties under this  Agreement
upon 30 days' notice in writing mailed to the Company and to each transfer agent
of the Common Shares or Preferred Shares by registered or certified mail, and to
the  holders of the Right  Certificates  by  first-class  mail.  The Company may
remove the Rights  Agent or any  successor  Rights Agent upon 30 days' notice in
writing,  mailed to the Rights Agent or successor  Rights Agent, as the case may
be, and to each  transfer  agent of the  Common  Shares or  Preferred  Shares by
registered or certified  mail, and to the holders of the Right  Certificates  by
first-class  mail.  If the  Rights  Agent  shall  resign or be  removed or shall
otherwise become  incapable of acting,  the Company shall appoint a successor to
the Rights Agent.  If the Company shall fail to make such  appointment  within a
period  of 30 days  after  giving  notice of such  removal  or after it has been
notified  in writing of such  resignation  or  incapacity  by the  resigning  or
incapacitated Rights Agent or by the holder of a Right Certificate (which holder
shall,  with such notice,  submit such holder's Right Certificate for inspection
by the Company),  then the registered  holder of any Right Certificate may apply
to any court of  competent  jurisdiction  for the  appointment  of a new  Rights
Agent. Any successor Rights Agent, whether appointed by the Company or by such a
court, shall be a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the
United  States or of the State of Minnesota (or of any other state of the United
States so long as such  corporation  is  authorized  to do business as a banking
institution  in the State of Minnesota),  in good standing,  having an office in
the  State of  Minnesota,  which  is  authorized  under  such  laws to  exercise
corporate  trust or stock  transfer  powers  and is subject  to  supervision  or
examination  by  federal  or state  authority  and  which has at the time of its
appointment  as Rights  Agent a  combined  capital  and  surplus of at least $50
million. After appointment,  the successor Rights Agent shall be vested with the
same powers,  rights,  duties and  responsibilities as if it had been originally
named as Rights Agent without  further act or deed; but the  predecessor  Rights
Agent shall deliver and transfer to the  successor  Rights Agent any property at
the time held by it  hereunder,  and execute and deliver any further  assurance,
conveyance,  act or deed necessary for the purpose. Not later than the effective
date of any such  appointment,  the Company shall file notice thereof in writing
with the  predecessor  Rights Agent and each transfer agent of the Common Shares
or  Preferred  Shares,  and mail a notice  thereof in writing to the  registered
holders of the Right  Certificates.  Failure to give any notice  provided for in
this Section 21, however,  or any defect therein,  shall not affect the legality
or validity of the resignation or removal of the Rights Agent or the appointment
of the successor Rights Agent, as the case may be.

     Section 22. Issuance of New Right Certificates.  Notwithstanding any of the
provisions of this Agreement or of the Rights to the contrary,  the Company may,
at its option,  issue new Right  Certificates  evidencing Rights in such form as
may be  approved  by the  Board of  Directors  of the  Company  to  reflect  any
adjustment  or change in the  Purchase  Price and the number or kind or class of
shares or other securities or property  purchasable under the Right Certificates
made in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.

     Section 23.  Redemption.  (a) The Board of Directors of the Company may, at
its option,  at any time prior to such time as any Person  becomes an  Acquiring
Person,  redeem  all but not  less  than all the then  outstanding  Rights  at a
redemption price of $.01 per Right,  appropriately adjusted to reflect any stock
split,  stock dividend or similar  transaction  occurring  after the date hereof
(such redemption price being hereinafter referred to as the "Redemption Price").
The  redemption  of the Rights by the Board of  Directors  of the Company may be
made effective at such time, on such basis and with such conditions as the Board
of Directors of the Company, in its sole discretion, may establish.

     (b)Immediately upon the action of the Board of  Directors  of the  Company
ordering the redemption of the Rights  pursuant to paragraph (a) of this Section
23, and without any further action and without any notice, the right to exercise
the Rights will terminate and the only right thereafter of the holders of Rights
shall be to receive the Redemption Price. The Company shall promptly give public
notice of any such redemption;  provided,  however, that the failure to give, or
any defect in, any such notice shall not affect the validity of such redemption.
Within  10 days  after  such  action of the Board of  Directors  of the  Company
ordering  the  redemption  of the  Rights,  the  Company  shall mail a notice of
redemption  to all the  holders  of the then  outstanding  Rights at their  last
addresses as they appear upon the  registry  books of the Rights Agent or, prior
to the  Distribution  Date, on the registry  books of the transfer agent for the
Common Shares. Any notice which is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be
deemed given, whether or not the holder receives the notice. Each such notice of
redemption  will state the method by which the payment of the  Redemption  Price
will be made.  Neither the Company nor any of its  Affiliates or Associates  may
redeem, acquire or purchase for value any Rights at any time in any manner other
than that specifically set forth in this Section 23 or in Section 24 hereof, and
other  than in  connection  with the  purchase  of  Common  Shares  prior to the
Distribution Date.

     Section 24. Exchange. (a) The Board of Directors of the Company may, at its
option, at any time after any Person becomes an Acquiring  Person,  exchange all
or part of the then outstanding and exercisable  Rights (which shall not include
Rights that have become void  pursuant to the  provisions  of Section  11(a)(ii)
hereof) for Common  Shares at an exchange  ratio of one Common  Share per Right,
appropriately  adjusted  to  reflect  any  adjustment  in the  number  of Rights
pursuant to Section 11(i) (such exchange ratio being hereinafter  referred to as
the "Exchange Ratio").  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Board of Directors of
the Company shall not be empowered to effect such exchange at any time after any
Person  (other than the Company,  any  Subsidiary  of the Company,  any employee
benefit plan of the Company or any such Subsidiary, or any entity holding Common
Shares  for or  pursuant  to the  terms of any  such  plan),  together  with all
Affiliates and Associates of such Person, becomes the Beneficial Owner of 50% or
more of the Common Shares then outstanding.

     (b)Immediately upon the action of the  Board of  Directors  of the  Company
ordering the exchange of any Rights pursuant to paragraph (a) of this Section 24
and  without any  further  action and without any notice,  the right to exercise
such Rights shall  terminate  and the only right  thereafter of a holder of such
Rights shall be to receive  that number of Common  Shares equal to the number of
such Rights held by such holder  multiplied by the Exchange  Ratio.  The Company
shall promptly give public notice of any such exchange;  provided, however, that
the failure to give, or any defect in, such notice shall not affect the validity
of such exchange.  The Company promptly shall mail a notice of any such exchange
to all of the holders of such Rights at their last addresses as they appear upon
the registry books of the Rights Agent. Any notice which is mailed in the manner
herein  provided shall be deemed given,  whether or not the holder  receives the
notice. Each such notice of exchange will state the method by which the exchange
of the Common  Shares  for Rights  will be  effected,  and,  in the event of any
partial  exchange,  the number of Rights  which will be  exchanged.  Any partial
exchange  shall be effected  pro rata based on the number of Rights  (other than
Rights which have become void pursuant to the  provisions  of Section  11(a)(ii)
hereof) held by each holder of Rights.

     (c) In the event that there shall not be  sufficient  Common  Shares issued
but not  outstanding or authorized but unissued to permit any exchange of Rights
as  contemplated  in accordance with this Section 24, the Company shall take all
such  action as may be  necessary  to  authorize  additional  Common  Shares for
issuance upon exchange of the Rights. In the event the Company shall, after good
faith effort, be unable to take all such action as may be necessary to authorize
such additional  Common Shares,  the Company shall  substitute,  for each Common
Share that would  otherwise be issuable  upon  exchange of a Right,  a number of
Preferred  Shares or fraction  thereof  such that the  current per share  market
price of one Preferred  Share  multiplied by such number or fraction is equal to
the  current  per  share  market  price  of one  Common  Share as of the date of
issuance of such Preferred Shares or fraction thereof.

     (d) The Company  shall not be required to issue  fractions of Common Shares
or to distribute  certificates which evidence  fractional Common Shares. In lieu
of such  fractional  Common  Shares,  the  Company  shall pay to the  registered
holders of the Right  Certificates  with regard to which such fractional  Common
Shares would  otherwise be issuable an amount in cash equal to the same fraction
of the current  market value of a whole Common  Share.  For the purposes of this
paragraph  (d),  the current  market  value of a whole Common Share shall be the
closing price of a Common Share (as determined  pursuant to the second  sentence
of Section 11(d)(i) hereof) for the Trading Day immediately prior to the date of
exchange pursuant to this Section 24.

     Section 25. Notice of Certain Events. (a) In case the Company shall, at any
time after the  Distribution  Date,  propose (i) to pay any dividend  payable in
stock of any class to the holders of the  Preferred  Shares or to make any other
distribution  to the  holders  of the  Preferred  Shares  (other  than a regular
quarterly cash dividend),  (ii) to offer to the holders of the Preferred  Shares
rights or warrants to  subscribe  for or to purchase  any  additional  Preferred
Shares  or  shares  of stock of any  class or any  other  securities,  rights or
options,  (iii) to effect any  reclassification  of the Preferred  Shares (other
than a reclassification  involving only the subdivision of outstanding Preferred
Shares),  (iv) to effect any  consolidation or merger into or with, or to effect
any sale or other  transfer  (or to permit  one or more of its  Subsidiaries  to
effect any sale or other transfer), in one or more transactions,  of 50% or more
of the assets or earning power of the Company and its  Subsidiaries  (taken as a
whole)  to, any other  Person,  (v) to effect the  liquidation,  dissolution  or
winding up of the Company,  or (vi) to declare or pay any dividend on the Common
Shares  payable  in Common  Shares or to effect a  subdivision,  combination  or
consolidation  of the Common Shares (by  reclassification  or otherwise  than by
payment of dividends in Common  Shares),  then,  in each such case,  the Company
shall give to each holder of a Right Certificate,  in accordance with Section 26
hereof,  a notice of such proposed  action,  which shall specify the record date
for the purposes of such stock dividend,  or distribution of rights or warrants,
or the  date  on  which  such  reclassification,  consolidation,  merger,  sale,
transfer, liquidation,  dissolution, or winding up is to take place and the date
of  participation  therein by the holders of the Common Shares and/or  Preferred
Shares,  if any such date is to be fixed,  and such notice  shall be so given in
the case of any  action  covered  by clause  (i) or (ii)  above at least 10 days
prior to the record date for  determining  holders of the  Preferred  Shares for
purposes of such action,  and, in the case of any such other action, at least 10
days  prior to the date of the  taking  of such  proposed  action or the date of
participation  therein  by the  holders of the Common  Shares  and/or  Preferred
Shares, whichever shall be the earlier.

     In case the event set forth in Section  11(a)(ii) hereof shall occur,  then
the Company shall, as soon as practicable  thereafter,  give to each holder of a
Right  Certificate,  in  accordance  with  Section  26  hereof,  a notice of the
occurrence  of such  event,  which  notice  shall  describe  such  event and the
consequences of such event to holders of Rights under Section 11(a)(ii) hereof.

     Section 26. Notices.  Notices or demands authorized by this Agreement to be
given or made by the Rights Agent or by the holder of any Right  Certificate  to
or on the Company  shall be  sufficiently  given or made if sent by  first-class
mail, postage prepaid, addressed (until another address is filed in writing with
the Rights Agent) as follows:

                  Fort James Corporation
                  1650 Lake Cook Road
                  Deerfield, Illinois  60015
                  Attention:  Corporate Secretary


     Subject  to the  provisions  of  Section  21  hereof,  any notice or demand
authorized by this Agreement to be given or made by the Company or by the holder
of any Right  Certificate to or on the Rights Agent shall be sufficiently  given
or made if sent by first-class mail,  postage prepaid,  addressed (until another
address is filed in writing with the Company) as follows:

                  Norwest Bank Minnesota, N.A.
                  Shareowner Services  
                  Attention: Account Manager
                             161 North Concord Exchange
                             South St. Paul, MN 55075

     Notices or demands  authorized by this Agreement to be given or made by the
Company or the  Rights  Agent to the  holder of any Right  Certificate  shall be
sufficiently  given  or  made  if sent by  first-class  mail,  postage  prepaid,
addressed  to such holder at the address of such holder as shown on the registry
books of the Company.

     Section 27.  Supplements and Amendments.  The Company may from time to time
supplement or amend this Agreement  without the approval of any holders of Right
Certificates  in order to cure any  ambiguity,  to  correct  or  supplement  any
provision contained herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other
provisions  herein,  or to make any other  provisions with respect to the Rights
which the  Company may deem  necessary  or  desirable,  any such  supplement  or
amendment  to be  evidenced  by a writing  signed by the  Company and the Rights
Agent;  provided,  however, that, from and after such time as any Person becomes
an Acquiring  Person,  this  Agreement  shall not be amended in any manner which
would adversely affect the interests of the holders of Rights.  Without limiting
the  foregoing,  the  Company  may at any time  prior to such time as any Person
becomes an Acquiring  Person amend this  Agreement to lower the  thresholds  set
forth in  Sections  1(a) and 3(a) hereof to not less than the greater of (a) the
sum of .001% and the largest  percentage of the  outstanding  Common Shares then
known by the  Company to be  beneficially  owned by any Person  (other  than the
Company, any Subsidiary of the Company, any employee benefit plan of the Company
or any  Subsidiary of the Company,  or any entity  holding  Common Shares for or
pursuant to the terms of any such plan) and (b) 10%.

     Section 28. Successors.  All the covenants and provisions of this Agreement
by or for the benefit of the Company or the Rights Agent shall bind and inure to
the benefit of their respective successors and assigns hereunder.

     Section 29. Benefits of this Agreement.  Nothing in this Agreement shall be
construed to give to any Person other than the Company, the Rights Agent and the
registered  holders of the Right  Certificates  (and,  prior to the Distribution
Date,  the Common  Shares) any legal or equitable  right,  remedy or claim under
this Agreement;  but this Agreement shall be for the sole and exclusive  benefit
of the  Company,  the  Rights  Agent  and the  registered  holders  of the Right
Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution Date, the Common Shares).

     Section 30. Severability.  If any term, provision,  covenant or restriction
of this  Agreement  is  held  by a court  of  competent  jurisdiction  or  other
authority  to be invalid,  void or  unenforceable,  the  remainder of the terms,
provisions,  covenants and  restrictions  of this Agreement shall remain in full
force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated.

     Section 31. Governing Law. This Agreement and each Right Certificate issued
hereunder  shall be deemed to be a contract  made under the laws of the State of
Virginia and for all purposes  shall be governed by and  construed in accordance
with the laws of such state  applicable  to contracts  to be made and  performed
entirely within such state.

     Section 32.  Counterparts.  This Agreement may be executed in any number of
counterparts and each of such  counterparts  shall for all purposes be deemed to
be an original,  and all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and
the same instrument.

     Section  33.  Descriptive  Headings.  Descriptive  headings  of the several
Sections of this  Agreement  are  inserted  for  convenience  only and shall not
control or affect the meaning or construction of any of the provisions hereof.

     IN WITNESS  WHEREOF,  the parties  hereto have caused this  Agreement to be
duly executed and attested, all as of the day and year first above written.
Attest:                                           FORT JAMES CORPORATION


By ___________________________                     By:/S/R. Michael Lempke
   Name:                                              Senior Vice President
   Title:                                             & Treasurer


                                                    NORWEST BANK MINNESOTA, N.A.


By ___________________________                      By:/S/ Nancy J. Rosengren
   Name:                                               Vice President
   Title:                                             


                                        
                                  Exhibit A

                            Form of Right Certificate

Certificate No. R-                                  Rights

                  NOT EXERCISABLE AFTER MARCH 1, 2009 OR EARLIER IF
                  REDEMPTION OR EXCHANGE OCCURS.  THE RIGHTS ARE SUB-
                  JECT TO REDEMPTION AT $.01 PER RIGHT AND TO EXCHANGE
                  ON THE TERMS SET FORTH IN THE AGREEMENT.

                                                 Right Certificate

                                              FORT JAMES CORPORATION

     This certifies that  ,  or registered  assigns,  is the
registered owner of the number of Rights set forth above, each of which entitles
the owner  thereof,  subject  to the terms,  provisions  and  conditions  of the
Agreement,  dated as of February 26, 1999 (the "Agreement"),  between Fort James
Corporation, a Virginia corporation (the "Company"), and Norwest Bank Minnesota,
N.A.  (the "Rights  Agent"),  to purchase from the Company at any time after the
Distribution  Date (as such  term is  defined  in the  Agreement)  and  prior to
5:00~P.M., [City of Rights Agent] time, on March~1, 2009 at the principal office
of the Rights  Agent,  or at the office of its  successor as Rights  Agent,  one
one-thousandth  of a fully  paid  non-assessable  share of  Series`M  Cumulative
Participating  Preferred  Stock, par value $10.00 per share, of the Company (the
"Preferred  Shares"),  at a purchase price of $200 per one  one-thousandth of a
Preferred Share (the "Purchase Price"),  upon presentation and surrender of this
Right  Certificate  with the Form of  Election to Purchase  duly  executed.  The
number of Rights  evidenced  by this  Right  Certificate  (and the number of one
one-thousandths  of a  Preferred  Share  which may be  purchased  upon  exercise
hereof) set forth above,  and the Purchase Price set forth above, are the number
and  Purchase  Price as of  March~1,  1999,  based on the  Preferred  Shares  as
constituted at such date. As provided in the  Agreement,  the Purchase Price and
the number of one  one-thousandths  of a Preferred  Share which may be purchased
upon the exercise of the Rights evidenced by this Right  Certificate are subject
to modification and adjustment upon the happening of certain events.

     This Right  Certificate  is subject  to all of the  terms,  provisions  and
conditions of the Agreement,  which terms,  provisions and conditions are hereby
incorporated  herein by reference and made a part hereof and to which  Agreement
reference is hereby made for a full  description  of the rights,  limitations of
rights,  obligations,  duties and immunities  hereunder of the Rights Agent, the
Company and the holders of the Right  Certificates.  Copies of the Agreement are
on file at the principal executive offices of the Company and the offices of the
Rights Agent.

     This Right  Certificate,  with or without  other Right  Certificates,  upon
surrender at the  principal  office of the Rights  Agent,  may be exchanged  for
another  Right  Certificate  or  Right  Certificates  of  like  tenor  and  date
evidencing  Rights  entitling the holder to purchase a like aggregate  number of
Preferred  Shares as the  Rights  evidenced  by the Right  Certificate  or Right
Certificates  surrendered  shall have entitled such holder to purchase.  If this
Right  Certificate  shall be exercised in part,  the holder shall be entitled to
receive upon surrender  hereof another Right  Certificate or Right  Certificates
for the number of whole Rights not exercised.

     Subject to the  provisions of the Agreement,  the Rights  evidenced by this
Right  Certificate  (i) may be redeemed by the Company at a redemption  price of
$.01 per Right or (ii) may be exchanged in whole or in part for Preferred Shares
or shares of the Company's Common Stock, par value $.10 per share.

     No  fractional  Preferred  Shares will be issued  upon the  exercise of any
Right or Rights  evidenced  hereby  (other  than  fractions  which are  integral
multiples of one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share, which may, at the election
of the Company,  be evidenced by depositary  receipts),  but, in lieu thereof, a
cash payment will be made, as provided in the Agreement.

     No holder of this Right  Certificate  shall be  entitled to vote or receive
dividends or be deemed for any purpose the holder of the Preferred  Shares or of
any other  securities  of the  Company  which may at any time be issuable on the
exercise  hereof,  nor shall  anything  contained in the  Agreement or herein be
construed  to confer  upon the holder  hereof,  as such,  any of the rights of a
stockholder of the Company or any right to vote for the election of directors or
upon any matter submitted to stockholders at any meeting thereof,  or to give or
withhold  consent to any corporate  action,  or to receive notice of meetings or
other actions affecting  stockholders (except as provided in the Agreement),  or
to receive dividends or subscription  rights,  or otherwise,  until the Right or
Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate shall have been exercised as provided
in the Agreement.

     This Right  Certificate  shall not be valid or  obligatory  for any purpose
until it shall have been countersigned by the Rights Agent.

     WITNESS the facsimile  signature of the proper  officers of the Company and
its corporate seal. Dated as of _____________, ____.

ATTEST:                                             FORT JAMES CORPORATION


______________________________                       By _______________________
Name:                                                   Name:
Title:                                                  Title:
Countersigned:


NORWEST BANK MINNESOTA, N.A.

By ___________________________
     Name:
     Title:


                    Form of Reverse Side of Right Certificate

                               FORM OF ASSIGNMENT

                (To be executed by the registered holder if such
               holder desires to transfer the Right Certificate.)

     FOR VALUE RECEIVED__________________hereby sells,assigns and transfers unto
  
________________________________________________________________________________
                (Please print name and address of transferee)

this Right Certificate, together with all right, title and interest therein, and
does hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint_____________________ Attorney, to
transfer the within Right Certificate on the books of the within-named  Company,
with full power of substitution.

Dated: ___________________

 
                                                       _________________________
                                                              Signature



Signature Guaranteed:

     The signature(s)  must be guaranteed by an eligible  guarantor institution
(banks,  stockbrokers,  savings  and loan  associations  and credit  unions with
membership in an approved signature  guarantee  medallion  program)  pursuant to
S.E.C. Rule 17Ad-15.

     The undersigned  hereby  certifies that the Rights  evidenced by this Right
Certificate are not beneficially owned by an Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or
Associate thereof (as defined in the Agreement).
                   
                                                              Signature


             Form of Reverse Side of Right Certificate -- continued

                          FORM OF ELECTION TO PURCHASE

                  (To be executed if holder desires to exercise
                  Rights represented by the Right Certificate.)

To:  FORT JAMES CORPORATION

     The undersigned hereby irrevocably elects to  exercise_____________________
Rights  represented by this Right  Certificate to purchase the Preferred  Shares
issuable  upon the exercise of such Rights and requests  that  certificates  for
such Preferred Shares be issued in the name of: Please insert social security or
other identifying number

  _____________________________________________________ 
            (Please print name and address)

     If such  number of Rights  shall not be all the  Rights  evidenced  by this
Right  Certificate,  a new Right  Certificate for the balance  remaining of such
Rights shall be registered in the name of and delivered to:

Please insert social security
or other identifying number

______________________________________________________       
            (Please print name and address)

Dated:  _____________________________

                                             ____________________________
                                             Signature
Signature Guaranteed:
     
     The signature(s)  must be guaranteed by an eligible  guarantor institution
(banks,  stockbrokers,  savings  and loan  associations  and credit  unions with
membership in an approved signature  guarantee  medallion  program)  pursuant to
S.E.C. Rule 17Ad-15.

     The undersigned  hereby  certifies that the Rights  evidenced by this Right
Certificate are not beneficially owned by an Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or
Associate thereof (as defined in the Agreement).

                                              ___________________________ 
                                              Signature



                                     NOTICE

     The signature in the Form of Assignment or Form of Election to Purchase, as
the case may be, must conform to the name as written upon the face of this Right
Certificate in every particular, without alteration or enlargement or any change
whatsoever.

     In the event the certification set forth above in the Form of Assignment or
the Form of  Election to  Purchase,  as the case may be, is not  completed,  the
Company  and the  Rights  Agent  will deem the  beneficial  owner of the  Rights
evidenced by this Right Certificate to be an Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or
Associate  thereof (as defined in the Agreement) and such Assignment or Election
to Purchase will not be honored.

                                      

                                    Exhibit B

                          SUMMARY OF RIGHTS TO PURCHASE
                                PREFERRED SHARES


Introduction

     On February 18, 1999, the Board of Directors of Fort James Corporation (the
"Company") declared a dividend of one preferred share purchase right (a "Right")
for each  outstanding  share of common stock,  par value $.10 per share,  of the
Company  (the  "Common  Shares").  The dividend is payable on March 1, 1999 (the
"Record Date") to the  stockholders  of record on that date. The description and
terms of the Rights are set forth in an Agreement (the "Agreement")  between the
Company and Norwest Bank Minnesota, N.A., as Rights Agent (the "Rights Agent").

Purchase Price

     Each Right entitles the registered  holder to purchase from the Company one
one-thousandth of a share of Series M Cumulative  Participating Preferred Stock,
par value $10.00 per share, of the Company (the "Preferred Shares"),  at a price
of $200 per one  one-thousandth  of a Preferred  Share (the "Purchase  Price"),
subject to adjustment.

Flip-In

     In the event that any person or group of affiliated  or associated  persons
becomes an Acquiring  Person (as defined  below),  each holder of a Right (other
than Rights beneficially owned by the Acquiring Person, which will thereafter be
void) will thereafter have the right to purchase  additional  Common Shares at a
50 percent discount.

Flip-Over

     If the  Company  is  acquired  in a merger  or other  business  combination
transaction or 50% or more of its consolidated  assets or earning power are sold
after a person or group has become an Acquiring  Person,  each holder of a Right
(other  than  Rights  beneficially  owned by the  Acquiring  Person,  which will
thereafter be void) will  thereafter have the right to purchase shares of common
stock  of the  acquiring  company  at a 50  percent  discount.  

     The distribution date is the earlier of:

     (i) 10 days  following  a public  announcement  that a  person  or group of
affiliated or associated  persons have acquired  beneficial  ownership of 15% or
more of the outstanding Common Shares; or

     (ii) 10 business days (or such later date as may be determined by action of
the Board of Directors of the Company  prior to such time as any person or group
of affiliated  persons becomes an Acquiring  Person)  following the commencement
of, or  announcement  of an intention to make, a tender offer or exchange  offer
the  consummation of which would result in the beneficial  ownership by a person
or group of 15% or more of the outstanding Common Shares.

Transfer and Detachment

     Until the Distribution Date, the Rights will be evidenced,  with respect to
any of the Common Share certificates  outstanding as of the Record Date, by such
Common Share certificate with a copy of this Summary of Rights attached thereto.
Until the Distribution Date (or earlier redemption or expiration of the Rights),
the  Rights  will be  transferred  with and only  with the  Common  Shares,  and
transfer of those certificates will also constitute transfer of these Rights.

     As  soon  as  practicable   following  the  Distribution   Date,   separate
certificates  evidencing  the Rights  ("Right  Certificates")  will be mailed to
holders  of record of the  Common  Shares  as of the  close of  business  on the
Distribution  Date and such separate Right  Certificates  alone will  thereafter
evidence the Rights.
Exercisability

     The Rights are not exercisable until the Distribution Date. The Rights will
expire  on March 1,  2009  (the  "Final  Expiration  Date"),  unless  the  Final
Expiration  Date is  extended  or unless  the  Rights are  earlier  redeemed  or
exchanged by the Company, in each case, as described below.
Adjustments

     The Purchase  Price  payable,  and the number of Preferred  Shares or other
securities  or  property  issuable,  upon  exercise of the Rights are subject to
adjustment  from  time  to  time to  prevent  dilution  in the  event  of  stock
dividends,  stock  splits,  reclassifications,  or  certain  distributions  with
respect to the Preferred Shares. The number of outstanding Rights and the number
of one one-thousandths of a Preferred Share issuable upon exercise of each Right
are also subject to adjustment if, prior to the  Distribution  Date,  there is a
stock  split of the  Common  Shares or a stock  dividend  on the  Common  Shares
payable in Common Shares or subdivisions,  consolidations or combinations of the
Common Shares. With certain exceptions, no adjustment in the Purchase Price will
be required until cumulative adjustments require an adjustment of at least 1% in
such Purchase Price. No fractional  Preferred  Shares will be issued (other than
fractions  which are  integral  multiples of one  one-thousandth  of a Preferred
Share,  which may, at the  election of the Company,  be evidenced by  depositary
receipts) and, in lieu thereof,  an adjustment in cash will be made based on the
market price of the  Preferred  Shares on the last trading day prior to the date
of exercise.

Preferred Shares

     Preferred  Shares  purchasable  upon  exercise  of the  Rights  will not be
redeemable.  Each  Preferred  Share will be entitled  to a minimum  preferential
quarterly  dividend payment of $1 per share but will be entitled to an aggregate
dividend of 1,000 times the dividend  declared per Common Share. In the event of
liquidation,  the holders of the Preferred  Shares will be entitled to a minimum
preferential liquidation payment equal to the greater of $150,000 or 1,000 times
the  liquidation  value of a Common Share.  Each Preferred Share will have 1,000
votes,  voting  together with the Common  Shares.  Finally,  in the event of any
merger, consolidation or other transaction in which Common Shares are exchanged,
each Preferred Share will be entitled to receive 1,000 times the amount received
per  Common  Share.  These  rights  are  protected  by  customary   antidilution
provisions.

     The  value  of  the  one  one-thousandth  interest  in  a  Preferred  Share
purchasable  upon  exercise of each Right  should,  because of the nature of the
Preferred Shares' dividend, liquidation and voting rights, approximate the value
of one Common Share.

Exchange

     At any time after any  person or group  becomes an  Acquiring  Person,  and
prior  to the  acquisition  by  such  person  or  group  of 50% or  more  of the
outstanding  Common  Shares,  the Board of Directors of the Company may exchange
the Rights  (other than Rights owned by the  Acquiring  Person,  which will have
become void),  in whole or in part, at an exchange ratio of one Common Share, or
one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share (subject to adjustment).

Redemption

     At any time prior to any person or group becoming an Acquiring Person,  the
Board of  Directors  of the Company  may redeem the Rights in whole,  but not in
part, at a price of $.01 per Right (the "Redemption  Price").  The redemption of
the Rights may be made effective at such time on such basis with such conditions
as the Board of Directors in its sole discretion may establish. Immediately upon
any  redemption of the Rights,  the right to exercise the Rights will  terminate
and the only right of the holders of Rights  will be to receive  the  Redemption
Price.

Amendments
     The terms of the Rights may be  amended  by the Board of  Directors  of the
Company without the consent of the holders of the Rights, including an amendment
to lower certain thresholds described above to not less than the greater of

(i) the sum of .001% and the largest percentage of the outstanding Common Shares
then  known to the  Company to be  beneficially  owned by any person or group of
affiliated or associated  persons and

     (ii) 10%,  except  that from and after  such time as any person or group of
affiliated or associated  persons becomes an Acquiring  Person no such amendment
may adversely affect the interests of the holders of the Rights.

Rights and Holders

     Until a Right is  exercised,  the  holder  thereof,  as such,  will have no
rights as a stockholder of the Company, including, without limitation, the right
to vote or to receive dividends.

Further Information

     A copy of the  Agreement  has been filed with the  Securities  and Exchange
Commission as an Exhibit to a Registration  Statement on Form 8-A dated February
26, 1999. A copy of the Agreement is available  free of charge from the Company.
This  summary  description  of the Rights does not purport to be complete and is
qualified  in its  entirety  by  reference  to the  Agreement,  which is  hereby
incorporated herein by reference.





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