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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
____________________
FORM 20-F
(Mark One)
( )REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b)
OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
or
(XX)ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 1999
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 1-7239
KABUSHIKI KAISHA KOMATSU SEISAKUSHO
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
KOMATSU LTD.
(Translation of registrant's name into English)
JAPAN
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
2-3-6 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-8414, Japan
(Address of principal executive offices)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Name of each exchange
Title of each class on which registered
- - ------------------- ----------------------
None N/A
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d)
of the Act:
Common Stock
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Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer's classes
of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual
report.
968,921,701
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes XX , No
--------- --------
Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has
elected to follow. Item 17 Item 18 XX .
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PART I
Item 1. Description of Business
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General
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KOMATSU LTD. (hereinafter referred to as the "Company," and together with
its consolidated subsidiaries, "Komatsu") was incorporated in 1921 under the
laws of Japan. Shortly after its formation, the Company commenced the
production and marketing of sheet-forming presses and, in the 1940's, the
Company began producing and marketing bulldozers. Komatsu is a worldwide,
integrated manufacturing and sales organization engaged in the manufacture,
development, marketing and sale of industrial equipment and products. For
fiscal 1999, Komatsu recorded worldwide net sales of (Yen)1,061,597 million
(US$8,997 million) and net loss of (Yen)12,378 million (US$105 million).
For purposes of this report, Komatsu's business activities are divided into
five categories: construction and mining equipment, electronics, industrial
machinery, civil engineering and construction, and other operations.
Construction and Mining Equipment Segment
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The construction and mining equipment segment is Komatsu's largest
operating segment. Net sales of construction and mining equipment totaled
(Yen)731,077 million (US$6, 196 million) for fiscal 1999, a 1.3% increase from
the previous year, and represented 68.9% of Komatsu's total net sales. While
sales to customers in Japan declined 15.0%, to (Yen)247,102 million (US$2, 094
million), sales to customers outside Japan grew by 12.3% to (Yen)483,975 million
(US$4,101 million) in fiscal 1999, offsetting the sharp decline in domestic
sales. Sales to customers in Japan represented 33.8% of total sales of
construction and mining equipment, down 6.5% from the previous year, while the
proportion of sales to customers outside Japan increased 66.2% in spite of a
significant drop of 65.0% in sales to customers in Southeast Asia.
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Komatsu's construction and mining equipment segment consists of two broad
categories: construction equipment (including utility products) and mining
equipment.
Construction Equipment. Komatsu's construction equipment business operates
worldwide with its primary headquarters located in Tokyo, Japan and three
regional headquarters in each of the United States, Europe and Southeast Asia.
This global strategy permits Komatsu to diversify its sourcing of raw materials,
components and finished products to maximize economic and production
efficiencies. This global strategy also permits Komatsu to ameliorate the
effects on the construction equipment segment of downturns in general economic
conditions and reductions in construction activity in any single geographic
segment and protect against exchange rate risks.
Komatsu's line of construction equipment includes large earthmoving,
excavating and transportation equipment, including bulldozers, dozer shovels,
hydraulic excavators, wheel-type hydraulic excavators, wheel loaders, reach
loaders, motor graders, dump trucks, articulated dump trucks, rough-terrain
cranes, compactors, vibratory rollers, pipelayers, various types of mini-sized
construction equipment, coal haulers, slag dump trucks, road stabilizers, tunnel
boring machines, shield machines, small-diameter pipe jacking machines,
amphibious bulldozers, underwater rubble leveling robots, mobile debris crushers
and construction robots. The construction equipment product line also includes
a variety of "utility" equipment - mini to small machines (e.g., mini hydraulic
excavators, mini wheel loaders, compact bulldozers, and other similar products)
for landscaping and general construction.
In 1993, Komatsu formed a joint venture company in each of Japan and the
United States with Cummins Engine Co., Inc. ("Cummins") to produce engines for
use in construction equipment. Cummins also sells the engines produced by these
joint venture companies to third parties as loose engines. In 1998 Komatsu and
Cummins formed a third alliance, the 50/50 joint venture Industrial Power
Alliance, Ltd. ("IPA"), in order to perform research and development of
industrial engines.
JAPAN. Demand for construction equipment in Japan fell substantially from
the previous year, reflecting the prolonged economic recession, sluggish
private-sector capital outlays and a credit crunch.
In November 1998, Komatsu began consolidating and restructuring production
in response to the slowdown in the Japanese market and intensified global
competition. The Company completed a take-over bid for Komatsu Zenoah Co.
("Komatsu Zenoah") in November 1998, increasing its equity share on the Japanese
stock market from 30.4% to 51.7%, to make Komatsu Zenoah a subsidiary of the
Company. Also, on April 1, 1999, Komatsu MEC Corp., a wholly owned, unlisted
manufacturer of wheel loaders and other construction machines, and Komatsu EST
Corp., a majority owned manufacturer of motor graders, were merged with the
Company. These entities are now known as the MEC and EST divisions,
respectively.
The Company is still in the process of consolidating production of wheeled
equipment at the MEC Division's Mooka Plant, notably large wheel loaders from
the Kawagoe plant, and motor graders and other equipment from the EST Division's
Kashiwazaki Plant. Production of rough terrain cranes and dump trucks will
continue at the Mooka Plant. Production of small and medium-sized wheel loaders
will be transferred from the Kawagoe
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Plant to the Company's Awazu Plant. Full-scale production of the transferred
equipment at the Mooka and Awazu plants started in August 1999.
The Company's Awazu Plant is slated as an exclusive production center for
small and medium-sized models of wheel loaders, in addition to hydraulic
excavators and bulldozers.
Komatsu Zenoah will become Japan's core production unit for Komatsu-brand
mini hydraulic excavators by transferring production of selected models from the
Company's Awazu Plant, and all models from Komatsu Zenoah's Saitama Plant to the
Kawagoe Plant, the future site of Komatsu Zenoah. With this move, Komatsu
expects to strengthen its position in the mini equipment market where demand for
rental equipment is expanding. Full-scale production by Komatsu Zenoah is
scheduled for June 2000.
Three plants will close following the restructuring: Komatsu Zenoah's
Tachikawa and Saitama plants, and the EST Division's Kashiwazaki Plant. From
1993 to 1995, the Company engaged in its first major restructuring of production
in Japan, reducing 13 assembly lines to 10. With the current restructuring
plan, these 10 assembly lines will be cut to 7, and as a result the Company
expects to save approximately (Yen)5 billion (US$42 million) in fiscal 2001.
In fiscal 1999, Komatsu continued to introduce hydraulic and mini hydraulic
excavators with a small rear-swing radius, capitalizing on the growing
preference of customers for such machines in the Japanese market. For the MR
series, Komatsu introduced five new models with a bucket capacity ranging from
0.066m/3/ to 0.16m/3/ in September 1998, following one earlier introduction with
a bucket capacity of 0.09m/3/. Responding to customers' needs, the new series
features safety and superior maneuverability in confined spaces, in addition to
the powerful performance of standard mini hydraulic excavators.
For the US series, Komatsu introduced the upgraded 128US (bucket capacity:
0.4m/3/), 75US (0.25m/3/) and 228US (0.7m/3/) models during the year. With the
MR and US series, Komatsu has further reinforced its market leadership with the
industry's most extensive range of small rear-swing radius models.
Because customers in Japan face a highly competitive market environment,
rental equipment is an attractive option for stimulating business growth.
Specifically, the Japanese rental market is driven mainly by hydraulic and mini
hydraulic excavators, and recently by small rear-swing radius models. As the
leader in this product line, Komatsu is positioned to expand its presence in the
growing rental equipment market in Japan.
In the used equipment market, Komatsu expanded its resale network in
collaboration with Komatsu Used Equipment Corp. ("KUEC") to improve the value of
trade-ins for Komatsu customers and distributors. In addition to holding three
regular auctions in Japan, KUEC offered on-line bidding on its G-URECA Web site
for one week during the year. Encouraged by the success of this Internet sale,
Komatsu is planning to support KUEC's efforts to hold full-scale virtual
auctions in the near future.
Since Komatsu's market introduction of Japan's first mobile debris crusher
in 1993, Komatsu has steadily expanded the series to respond to a wider range of
tasks while continuing to promote cost savings and on-site environmental
protection. During the year,
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Komatsu introduced the BZ120 mobile soil stabilizer to recycle all grades of
excavated soil for reuse as backfill on the job site.
In March 1999, Komatsu unveiled the new BR200T mobile tub grinder,
developed to offer both environment-friendly and cost-effective solutions to
customers who engage in land clearing. Equipped with a hydraulics-driven hammer
mill for powerful crushing, the BR200T is capable of chipping 20m/3//h to
100m/3//h, depending on the type and shape of trees and size of screens for
sorting. The chipped material is recycled on-site into fertilizer or other
products such as fuel. Komatsu now offers 17 models of this mobile crusher
series, covering all five areas of on-site construction waste, including rubble
and natural rock; concrete and asphalt debris; mixed waste such as panels,
furniture and home electric appliances; excavated soil; and uprooted trees and
other wood waste.
With particular emphasis on the speed of post-excavation processing, the
Company has made concerted efforts in the past two years to improve the total
efficiency of its underground construction systems. The Company has
collaborated with its customers and general contractors to develop new
construction methods for higher productivity, safety and environmental
friendliness.
During the year, the Company delivered a high-speed, fully automatic
carrier for transporting shield segments for tunnel construction. Equipped with
tires, this battery-powered carrier can travel at a top speed of 16km/h for a
distance of more than 10km. It can also travel on slopes of up to 10 degrees.
Compared with conventional carriers, this Komatsu model is twice as fast and
covers at least three times the distance.
The Company also developed a new system consisting of a shield machine and
a series of carts with a power unit, transformer and pneumatic pressure pump.
This system is used with the BZ200 mobile soil stabilizer to recycle sludge into
reusable soil. Deployed in tunnel construction for electric power cables, the
Company's system proved very cost effective.
Komatsu continued to devote attention to customer needs by offering
solutions through new machines. Since the Company's establishment of the
Bulldozer Business Division in June 1998, Komatsu introduced the upgraded
D155AX-5 (blade capacity: 11.7m/3/), D375A-3 (24m/3/) and D475A-3 (35.9m/3/),
all built to enhance customers' productivity with more power, maneuverability,
durability and operator comfort. The D475 Super Dozer (45m/3/) was exported for
full-scale sales in North America, Australia and other regions of the world.
Komatsu also introduced the upgraded WA700 (engine flywheel horsepower:
641 hp) and the new WA1200 (over 1,500 hp) wheel loaders to the mining and
quarrying industries. Equipped with such technological advantages as the
multistage hydraulic system, modulation clutch, user-friendly joystick steering
and tire slip controls, the new WA1200 wheel loader offers high productivity,
reliability and durability in addition to power.
In the area of large dump trucks, during the year the Company made its
third import to Japan of the 530M mechanical off-highway truck (maximum payload:
150 US tons) from Komatsu Mining Systems, Inc. ("KMS") of the United States.
ASIA. Demand for construction and mining equipment in Southeast Asia has
been stagnant since July 1997. Against this backdrop, Komatsu Asia & Pacific
Pte. Ltd.,
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Komatsu's regional headquarters and marketing center based in Singapore, played
a key role in sustaining profitability of its operation in Southeast Asia.
With respect to production bases in Indonesia and Thailand, Komatsu
expanded exports outside the region through its global sales network. The
Company is determined to keep these plants running in preparation for a market
recovery in the near future. In fiscal 1999 the Company increased the capital
of its Indonesian unit, P.T. Komatsu Indonesia Tbk to 55.1%.
The Chinese construction equipment market was brisk, with large-scale
infrastructure investment by the Chinese government during the year. Since its
establishment in 1995, Komatsu Shantui Construction Machinery Co., Ltd.
("Komatsu Shantui"), has successfully expanded production of its PC200 (bucket
capacity: 0.8m/3/) and PC220 (bucket capacity: 1.0m/3/) hydraulic excavators.
Demonstrating its solid growth, Komatsu Shantui posted profits during the year.
In November 1998, Komatsu Shantui accomplished production and sales of its
1,000/th/ machine. Komatsu Shantui also opened a training center at its plant
for customers and distributors.
In India, L&T-Komatsu Limited, a joint venture established in February in
1998 with Larsen & Toubro Limited, delivered its first PC200 hydraulic excavator
after one year of teamwork by engineers from both joint venture partners.
THE AMERICAS. Komatsu America International Company ("KA") continued to
expand sales and profits as it enlarged its presence in the robust North
American construction equipment market fueled by the strong U.S. economy. By
expanding sales of hydraulic excavators and wheel loaders, the company posted
record-high sales and profits in 1998.
KA closed its Gallion Plant in Ohio and completed the production transfer
of motor graders to the Chattanooga Plant in Tennessee in December 1998. In
addition to investing US$8 million for this transfer, KA streamlined the
production of medium-sized hydraulic excavators at the Chattanooga Plant and
small and medium-sized wheel loaders at the Candiac Plant. KA also established
the Komatsu Remarketing Group to accelerate sales of used equipment through
Komatsu's global network.
EUROPE. Overall European demand for construction equipment was strong,
fueled by a recovery in demand in Germany throughout the year.
Komatsu UK Ltd. ("KUK") continued to advance sales of both wheeled and
crawler hydraulic excavators in Europe, and recorded record-high sales and
profits in 1998. In Germany, Komatsu Hanomag AG ("Komatsu Hanomag") also
expanded sales of wheel loaders. In 1998, Komatsu Hanomag formed the Dealer
Advisory Board to strengthen collaborative relations with its German dealers.
As Komatsu's European business unit for utility equipment, FKI FAI Komatsu
Industries S.p.A., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company in Italy ("FKI")
continued to boost sales of their equipment by introducing 12 new and upgraded
models in 1998. In Russia, KRANEKS International Company Limited, a joint
venture with KRANEKS Machinery Co., Ltd., began initial production and shipment
of metal parts to KUK.
In 1998, Komatsu Europe International N.V. also expanded sales. As
Komatsu's European headquarters, Komatsu Europe International N.V. is working
closely with the
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Company to develop new strategies in view of the changes in the business
environment resulting from the transition to a single currency.
Utility Equipment. As part of its marketing strategy, in July 1997 the
Company established Komatsu Utility Corporation ("KUC") in Illinois, United
States, to develop sales and rental networks in the North American utility
equipment market. In the United States, the largest market for utility
equipment, with an estimated annual demand of 90,000 units, KUC achieved strong
results in its first full year of operations. While continuing to expand its
rental and sales networks with dealers in North America, KUC aggressively
marketed new compact hydraulic excavators from the Company and North American-
version backhoe loaders from FKI. In particular, test marketing of the backhoe
loader from FKI was greeted with wide acclaim for its versatility,
maneuverability and control.
As part of Komatsu's global strategy for utility equipment, FKI completed
investment in facilities to expand production with a new flexible manufacturing
system (FMS) line in March 1999. While FKI has the most comprehensive line of
utility equipment in Europe, it plans to add 24 new models to its existing line
by the year 2000 to secure the leadership position in the European utility
equipment market. FKI has already introduced two compact hydraulic excavators,
four backhoe loaders and six European-version mini excavators, and has been
producing backhoe loaders at full capacity to meet the surge in orders from KUC
and European distributors.
In Japan, the Company and Komatsu Zenoah produce mini hydraulic excavators
and wheel loaders. Komatsu Hanomag in Germany also manufactures mini wheel
loaders. By effectively coordinating production and taking into account
logistics and foreign exchange rate fluctuations, Komatsu is determined to
become a global leader in the mini hydraulic excavator market.
Mining Equipment. Komatsu's mining equipment sales are concentrated
outside Japan, in North America, Latin America, Africa and Australia. In
recognition of the different geographic scope and customer base of the mining
business in April 1997, the Company established KMS in Illinois, United States
as the worldwide headquarters of Komatsu's mining equipment business. With the
centralization of its mining equipment manufacturing and marketing operations
under KMS, Komatsu believes it is able to better focus on developing specific
operating and marketing strategies targeted to the particular needs of its
customers in the mining equipment segment.
The mining equipment division manufactures and markets "super large" sized
equipment including, bulldozers, wheel loaders dump trucks, hydraulic excavators
and motor graders. Komatsu's expanding product line of mining equipment
includes some of the world's largest machines, such as the D575-A bulldozer
(blade capacity: 90.0 cubic yards), the 930E dump truck (maximum payload: 320
U.S. tons) and the H685SP hydraulic excavator (bucket capacity: 46.0 cubic
yards).
KMS provides a complete line of equipment, product support programs and
computer-based mine management systems developed by Modular Mining Systems,
Inc., a systems and software developer subsidiary of KMS.
Demand for mining equipment slowed considerably, adversely affected by the
fall in prices of commodities worldwide during the year. While gold and bauxite
prices appear to have bottomed out, those for coal, copper and iron remained
depressed.
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KMS experienced a sharp drop in demand for dump trucks, notably after July
1998. As a result, KMS implemented a restructuring program in 1998.
In February 1999, the Company acquired Demag Komatsu GmbH, a 50-50 joint
venture manufacturer of superlarge hydraulic excavators in Germany, from its
partner Mannesmann Demag AG. The entity was renamed as Komatsu Mining Germany
GmbH ("KMG"). Through KMS, Komatsu is now positioned to draw on its worldwide
sourcing to deliver individually tailored hardware and software packages to
mining operators. These solutions include a full range of equipment and
services, such as off-highway dump trucks from KMS, superlarge hydraulic
excavators from KMG, wheel loaders and bulldozers from the Company of Japan, and
mining operation software developed by Modular Mining Systems, Inc. of the
United States.
Electronics Segment
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The core business of Komatsu's electronics segment consists of its
semiconductor materials operations, which includes the production of silicon
wafers for the semiconductor industry; polycrystalline silicon, the raw material
used in the production of silicon wafers; and silane gas, which is used in the
manufacture of polycrystalline silicon. The electronics segment also produces
LCD manufacturing equipment, excimer lasers and various electronic equipment and
devices.
In the electronics business, Komatsu launched shipment of mass-produced
Excimer lasers during the year and achieved strong sales of peripheral LAN
equipment. However, the silicon wafer business was hit by a reduction in global
demand and marked declines in product prices, mainly attributable to sluggish
semiconductor markets. Demand for polycrystalline silicon as the material for
silicon wafers was also lackluster.
Komatsu's electronics segment accounted for (Yen)86,608 million (US$734
million), or 8.2%, of total net sales for fiscal 1999, representing a 16.9%
decrease in these sales over the prior fiscal year. Komatsu invested heavily in
these businesses, with capital expenditures in fiscal 1999 of approximately
(Yen)61,854 million (US$524 million), representing 53.8% of total capital
expenditures.
Silicon Business. A substantial majority of Komatsu's silicon wafers are
manufactured in Japan by Komatsu Electronic Metals Co., Ltd. ("KEM"), a 63.5%
owned subsidiary of the Company that was established in 1960. KEM also operates
in Taiwan, through Formosa Komatsu Silicon Corporation ("FKS"), a 51.0% owned
subsidiary of KEM that was established in 1995. Polycrystalline silicon and
silane gas are produced by Advanced Silicon Materials Inc. ("ASiMI"), a 95.4%
owned subsidiary of the Company that was established in 1984 and has operations
in Washington and Montana in the United States.
In March 1999, the Company acquired Komatsu Silicon America, Inc. ("KSA"),
a wholly owned silicon wafer manufacturing and marketing subsidiary of KEM
established in the United States in 1995. As a result of this acquisition, KEM
may now focus exclusively on production in Japan and Taiwan. KEM exports
finished wafers to the U.S. market.
KSA, which started production in July 1997, was forced to minimize
production in the latter half of 1998 by the worldwide drop in demand. With the
workforce now reduced to less than half, KSA is reducing costs wherever possible
in preparation for a recovery in demand. Komatsu is considering making KSA its
U.S. electronics business service center.
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Worldwide demand for silicon wafers in millions of square inches declined
approximately 8% in 1998, with a 9% drop in demand in Japan. Demand plummeted
in the summer of 1998 on a global scale. In addition, the silicon manufacturing
industry was hard hit by a collapse in the price of silicon wafers. As a
result, KEM registered sales of (Yen)62,277 million (US$528 million) for fiscal
1999, down 17.5% from the previous year.
To counter such a severe downturn, KEM reassessed its plan to invest in
production facilities for 300mm wafers and 200mm epitaxial wafers and reduced
its inventories and workforce.
To capitalize on the stable demand in Taiwan, FKS launched sample shipments
of 200mm silicon wafers in March 1999. With a full production capacity of
200,000 wafers a month, FKS is prepared to meet local demand in this
fast-growing semiconductor market.
In Japan, while reducing investment in facilities, KEM is strengthening its
research and development program for next-generation silicon wafers, including
silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers which provide faster processing speed and
lower power consumption.
ASiMI operates a polycrystalline silicon manufacturing unit in Washington
and Montana, United States. Polycrystalline silicon (also referred to as
"polysilicon") is the principal raw material used in the production of silicon
wafers. KEM purchases approximately 40% of its total polysilicon requirements
from ASiMI and purchases the remainder of its requirements from third parties.
Deteriorated market conditions worldwide in the semiconductor industry have
affected ASiMI, which recorded a substantial drop in sales in 1998.
In response to the current business environment, ASiMI has implemented
fixed cost reductions, including freezing the second phase of investment in
facilities for its new plant in Butte, Montana, and cutting the number of
employees by 15%. The Company also increased its capital in ASiMI by US$100
million ((Yen)11.8 billion) in early 1999.
ASiMI is also taking aggressive action to expand its proprietary silane gas
business. In addition to its use in the production of polysilicon, silane gas
has other applications in high-technology industries. For example, the
photovoltaic industry employs silane gas for amorphous films and photoconductive
layers. It is also a key material for amorphous and polycrystalline thin-film
transistors (TFTs) and barrier layer coatings in LCDs. Furthermore, new
applications include selective epitaxial films and layers for advanced
integrated circuit designs, fiber optics, advanced ceramic materials and other
new silicon compound layers.
Electronics Manufacturing Equipment and Devices. Komatsu inaugurated its
LCD manufacturing systems business in 1993 by establishing Applied Komatsu
Technology, Inc. ("AKT"), a 50/50 joint venture in Japan with Applied Materials,
Inc., of the United States. In 1998, AKT also faced a drastic fall in demand,
coupled with cancellations of orders. This was compounded by a sharp drop in
sales in its fiscal year ended October 31, 1998. AKT has taken a number of
steps to meet these challenges. AKT is now specializing in its original plasma
enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) systems for use in production of
active matrix flat panel displays, which represents approximately 70% of sales.
As a result, AKT is no longer accepting new orders for plasma etching and
physical vapor deposition (PVD) product lines. In line with this change to one
product line, AKT reduced proportionally the
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number of employees. AKT expects to return to profitability in its current
fiscal year; however, the medium-and long-term outlooks remains unclear.
Despite the sluggish semiconductor market, the Company launched full-scale
commercial shipments and expanded sales of the KrF (Krypton Fluorine) Excimer
laser for steppers, the G10K series. In fiscal 1999, the Company launched the
G20K model, which combines the widely acclaimed reliability and low running
costs of the G10K series with high productivity. Recent follow-up research on
the G20K model yielded an operating efficiency of 99.6%. The Company also
remained committed to the development of the next-generation ArF (Argon
Fluorine) Excimer laser. In addition, the Company developed the high-power 200W
(1J/200 Hz) KrF Excimer laser unit and delivered it to the Institute for Solid
State Physics in Japan in April 1999 for use in research into high-power lasers
with ultrashort pulse.
In fiscal 1999, Komatsu enjoyed expanded sales of its LAN A series of
multi-protocol print servers and steady sales of factory automation (FA)
intelligent panels. Komatsu's multi-protocol print servers are supplied to
leading Japan-based international printer manufactures on an OEM (original
equipment manufacturer) basis. Komatsu is also increasing exports of these
products. In the FA market, Komatsu continued to capitalize on the development
and production of easy-to-use, rigid FA terminals. During the year, Komatsu
introduced the next-generation WebLight touch panel computer, which enables easy
access to intranet and Internet networks.
Industrial Machinery Segment
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In its industrial machinery segment, Komatsu manufactures a variety of
metal forging and stamping presses, machine tools, sheet-metal machines and
industrial robots. Except for large metal forging and stamping presses,
Komatsu's industrial machinery, which are presently manufactured by the
Company's operating subsidiaries located principally in Japan, are marketed and
sold to a variety of customers worldwide. In addition, Komatsu's industrial
machinery operations include a number of foreign affiliates, for example, in the
United States, Komatsu Cutting Technologies, Inc., a Massachusetts-based
manufacturing and distributor of fine plasma cutting systems, and Komatsu
America Industries LLC, an Illinois-based distributor of industrial machinery.
The industrial machinery segment accounted for approximately 4.0% of
Komatsu's total revenues for fiscal 1999.
Large, technologically advanced, mechanical metal forming presses,
including the world's largest and the first 5,600 ton modular press, comprise
the principal products in this segment. The primary customers for such large
presses are in the automotive manufacturing industry. This is expected to
continue for the foreseeable future. Medium and small presses, press brakes and
shearing machines are sold worldwide by Komatsu to a number of smaller
companies, many of which are suppliers of parts and components to the automobile
manufacturing industry.
Komatsu also manufactures and markets various other industrial machinery,
including perpendicular articulated robots, multiplex machine tools, plasma
welding and cutting machines, crankshaft millers and camshaft millers.
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As part of its engineering business strategy, Komatsu focuses on the
peripheral systems and services associated with large presses for the automobile
industry. By working in close cooperation with customers, Komatsu delivers
engineering solutions designed to improve customers' productivity, safety and
other needs.
Komatsu has been exploring a niche market within the automobile industry.
In fiscal 1999, Komatsu developed and delivered to Toyota Motor Corp. the
industry's first compact low-cost equipment for measuring crankshaft size at
high speeds on the production line.
The automobile industry provides some promising indications for future
expansion of Komatsu's engineering business such as the turnkey business of
machine tools for manufacturing engine parts, which offers the best possible
combination in terms of client's cost, quality and delivery requirements.
Komatsu will also capitalize on the growing need to retrofit equipment to take
advantage of engineering solutions.
Preventive maintenance will be a future point of emphasis in the parts
business. In North America, Komatsu has been providing preventive maintenance
through Komatsu America Industries LLC since April 1997. This company expanded
its service to press peripherals in September 1998.
Worldwide demand for large presses contracted by approximately 10% in
fiscal 1999. Nevertheless, Komatsu captured market share with its proprietary
modular transfer presses. The Company won orders from Toyota for plants in
France, the United States and Japan.
During the year, Komatsu introduced the PAS80 press brake system equipped
with a high precision AC servomotor. Komatsu is working to expand sales to the
electronics parts and computer manufacturing industries. Komatsu also
strengthened the OBS small press series by introducing its original Presence
Sensing Device Initiation (PSDI) which improves customer safety and
productivity. PSDI can be installed in presses already in operation.
In response to the prolonged market slump, Komatsu will restructure the
sheet metal forming machinery and small and medium-sized press business.
Specifically, the Company will focus on selected product lines and allocate its
workforce according to the size and business potential.
Komatsu America Industries LLC continued to expand sales in 1998. Komatsu
Mexicana S.A. de C.V. ("Komatsu Mexicana"), a wholly owned manufacturer of small
presses and attachments for construction and mining equipment in Mexico,
accounted for by the equity method, boosted sales of small presses. Komatsu
Mexicana also commenced production of medium-sized presses.
Civil Engineering and Construction Segment
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Komatsu's civil engineering and construction operations are conducted
exclusively within Japan. Komatsu's operations in this segment are conducted
primarily through Komatsu Construction Ltd. ("Komatsu Construction"), a 53.4%
owned subsidiary of Komatsu, which was established in Japan in 1950. Komatsu
Construction operates principally as a subcontractor for the construction of
condominiums and public sector civil engineering projects. Public sector civil
engineering projects and condominium construction generate virtually all of
Komatsu Construction's revenues.
11
<PAGE>
While public works projects advanced in the latter half of the year,
Komatsu Construction and Komatsu House Co. Ltd. ("Komatsu House"), an 85.2%
owned Japanese subsidiary of the Company, were adversely affected by the
protracted stagnation in private-senior investments and housing starts.
In April 1998, Komatsu Construction initiated a three-year program to
improve its financial position. Specific measures include repayment of (Yen)4.7
billion (US$40 million) in bank loans over three years, reduction of building
material costs by concentrating all purchases through the head office, and
curbing SG&A expenses. Komatsu Construction also wrote off a lump sum of
delinquent receivables of (Yen)4.6 billion (US$39 million) for the year.
In addition to these specific measures to improve profitability, Komatsu
Construction will continue to prioritize business expansion in specialized
fields, including underwater excavation, coastal infrastructure development,
environmental reclamation and unmanned civil engineering projects at hazardous
sites.
During the year, one branch of Komatsu Construction achieved ISO 9001
certification for quality management, and one branch attained ISO 9002. The
company is working to earn ISO 9002 certification for seven more offices in
fiscal 2000.
Komatsu House manufactures commercial-use prefabricated buildings in Japan.
During fiscal 1999, Komatsu House led the Japanese industry by introducing a new
series of environment-friendly, assembly-type prefabricated office structures
designed for reuse. Featuring panels with built-in electric fixtures and
prefabricated interior walls, ceilings and partitions, the new series achieves a
90% reduction in the waste typically generated when conventional prefabricated
structures are dismantled and reduces on-site assembly time by 40%.
Sales in the civil engineering and construction segment declined 18.8% to
(Yen)77,020 million (US$653 million) (or 7.2% of Komatsu's total net sales) in
fiscal 1999.
Other Operations Segment
------------------------
This segment includes a variety of other activities conducted within
Komatsu, consisting primarily of the manufacture and sale of a wide range of
products and services, including ammunition, logistics, computer software,
diesel engines, metal casting, hydraulic equipment, armored vehicles,
compressors and diesel generators. Komatsu engages in the design of
manufacturing and distribution logistics solutions and the production of
business systems and software packages through separate subsidiaries and
affiliates.
Although sales of ammunition, armored vehicles and miscellaneous other
products to Japan's Defense Agency continued to advance, fiscal 1999 overall
sales from other operations declined 5.8% from the previous year, to
(Yen)124,216 million (US$1,053 million) due to, among other causes, decreased
sales of engines, steel and iron castings and logistics services. Software
development sales remained steady.
Komatsu Soft Ltd. ("Komatsu Soft") continued to perform well with sales of
(Yen)20,860 million (US$177 million) for fiscal 1999, approximately level with
sales in the previous year.
Komatsu Soft released a series of original applications software designed
for use by targeted industries, including manufacturing and retail. In the
manufacturing industry,
12
<PAGE>
Komatsu introduced the Deming-Light which facilitates response to changes in
delivery and size of orders through an EDI (electronic data interchange) link to
core systems of its customers and suppliers.
For specialty shops in the retail industry, Komatsu Soft commercialized the
e-POSWIN, which features a highly user-friendly and immediately accessible
touch-panel point-of-sale (POS) terminal. Other advantages include an open
platform compatible with OLE-POS and ODBS databases, a flexible architecture
enabling systems to run Windows/TM*/ NT as the server and a toll-free help desk
open daily.
In certain instances the Company holds a minority interest in entities that
function in the other operations segment. For example, Komatsu Forklift Co.,
Ltd., which principally manufactures lift trucks, is a 40.9% owned affiliate of
the Company and has manufacturing operations in Japan.
Certain of the businesses in the "other operations" segment, such as
Komatsu Soft and Komatsu Logistics Corp., were originally established by the
Company to service the manufacturing and operational requirements of Komatsu's
principal operating segments. Businesses in Komatsu's principal operating
segments continue to be substantial customers of such businesses in the "other
operations" segment.
Net Sales Information
- - ---------------------
Financial information (other than net sales figures by geographic segment)
is produced and discussed in this report as such information is presented in
Komatsu's audited consolidated financial statements. Net sales figures by
geographic region presented and discussed herein reflect sales of Komatsu's
products by the geographic location of the purchasers, rather than the
geographic location of the Komatsu entity generating such sales. Net sales data
by the geographic location of the Komatsu entity generating the sale is set
forth in Note 20 to Komatsu's audited consolidated financial statements included
elsewhere in this report. Operating income by business segment is presented
before corporate overhead and inter-segment eliminations.
The following table sets forth Komatsu's net sales by category of activity
for the years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997 :
Net Sales by Category of Activity
---------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
===================================================================================================================
Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Fiscal Year
ended 3/31/1999 ended 3/31/1998 ended 3/31/1997
--------------- --------------- ---------------
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Millions of Yen)
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Construction (Yen)731,077 (68.9%) (Yen)721,875 (65.4%) (Yen)716,932 (65.2%)
and Mining
Equipment
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
/*/ *Windows/TM/ NT is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
13
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Electronics 86,608 (8.2%) 104,265 (9.4%) 90,553 (8.2%)
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Civil 77,020 (7.2%) 94,889 (8.6%) 99,801 (9.1%)
Engineering
and
Construction
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Industrial 42,676 (4.0%) 51,231 (4.7%) 47,967 (4.4%)
Machinery
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other 124,216 (11.7%) 131,817 (11.9%) 143,663 (13.1%)
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total (Yen)1,061,597 (100.0%) (Yen)1,104,077 (100.0%) (Yen)1,098,916 (100.0%)
===================================================================================================================
</TABLE>
* Operating income (loss) for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1999,
1998, and 1997 was also organized according to the same five
categories, as follows:
(Millions of Yen)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1999 1998 1997
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Construction and
Mining Equipment (Yen)30,963 (Yen)36,976 (Yen)34,027
Electronics (18,074) 4,043 12,083
Civil Engineering and
Construction (2,984) 338 341
Industrial Machinery (1,961) 88 62
Others 1,133 4,907 7,627
Corporate expenses and
Elimination (4,796) (3,254) (4,237)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL (Yen)4,281 (Yen)43,098 (Yen)49,903
===== ====== ======
</TABLE>
The following table sets forth the Komatsu's net sales by geographic
markets for the years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997:
Net Sales by Geographic Markets
-------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
===================================================================================================================
Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Fiscal Year
ended 3/31/1999 ended 3/31/1998 ended 3/31/1997
=============== =============== ===============
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Millions of Yen)
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Japan (Yen)523,946 (49.4%) (Yen)605,901 (54.9%) (Yen)687,459 (62.6%)
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Americas 272,091 (25.6%) 230,824 (20.9%) 170,683 (15.5%)
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Europe 119,270 (11.2%) 113,427 (10.3%) 87,047 (7.9%)
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
14
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Asia (excluding 96,853 (9.1%) 109,572 (9.9%) 126,812 (11.5%)
Japan) &
Oceania
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Middle East & 49,437 (4.7%) 44,353 (4.0%) 26,915 (2.4%)
Africa
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total (Yen)1,061,597 (100.0%) (Yen)1,104,077 (100.0%) (Yen)1,098,916 (100.0%)
===================================================================================================================
</TABLE>
Sales and Distribution
- - ----------------------
Komatsu's domestic and international sales and distribution functions in
its construction and mining equipment segment, its principal and largest
business segment, are conducted primarily through a network of subsidiaries,
affiliates and independent distributors, and to a lesser extent by joint venture
partners. While Komatsu's construction and mining equipment sales and
distribution operations in Japan focus principally on retail sales to customers,
Komatsu utilizes its extensive Japanese sales distributor network to offer
rental programs to its customers, especially within its construction and utility
equipment businesses.
Domestic Market:
Komatsu used to sell construction and mining equipment throughout Japan
through its direct sales system. Komatsu has, however, shifted away from a
direct sales system to an indirect system of authorized distributors. At the
beginning of fiscal 1999, Komatsu established a sales network of authorized
distributors for its construction and mining equipment throughout Japan, and
substantially all of Komatsu's sales are now made by such distributors.
Distributors perform comprehensive sales and service functions mainly at each
prefecture. Six of the 43 companies that compose Komatsu's authorized
distributor network in Japan are independent companies, 20 are affiliates of the
Company and 17 are consolidated subsidiaries of the Company.
In order to support its sales and to improve its sales network and
competitive position, Komatsu has directed its efforts towards expanding its
after-sales services and maintaining adequate inventories of products and spare
parts to ensure prompt deliveries.
During fiscal 1999, Komatsu also worked to link distributors and plants
directly by redefining the roles of the Company's Japanese Sales Division,
regional sales offices and distributors. The Company closed four distribution
centers to curb indirect costs, the volume of inventories in transit and the
inventories of finished goods and attachments. As a result, all regional sales
offices are now better positioned to focus on distributor support in their
areas.
To shorten lead time from the placement of an order to shipment, Komatsu is
proceeding rapidly with the installation of information network systems for all
distributors. Linked by the ASKA network, all distributor sales personnel will
soon have direct access to a variety of databases, including real-time
inventory, production progress, attachments and trade-in values. Other
information networks being introduced include the intranet-based network called
SMAP, which can be used by distributors to relay market information to
production, and the LARGE software, specifically designed for use by rental
operation sales personnel.
15
<PAGE>
Overseas Markets:
Komatsu's construction and mining equipment are sold worldwide in
approximately 160 countries. Komatsu believes that global marketing and sales
of its products are important to its continued growth.
Komatsu's overseas sales of construction and mining equipment are made
through a sales and service network consisting of approximately 180
distributors. The distributors are supplied through trading companies and 39 of
the Company's subsidiaries and affiliated companies and are supported by
Komatsu's liaison offices in major cities around the world. The subsidiaries and
affiliated companies are located in Australia, Belgium, Brazil, the Federal
Republic of Germany, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Italy, Mexico, the Republic of
China, the Republic of South Africa, Singapore, Thailand, United Arab Emirates,
United Kingdom, the United States of America, and Vietnam. The subsidiaries and
affiliated companies provide additional inventory and technical assistance to
the distributors and facilitate delivery of emergency spare parts.
Research and Development
- - ------------------------
Komatsu places a high priority on research and development in order to
maintain a competitive advantage in all of its existing lines of products, as
well as to develop new business ventures.
Research and development ("R&D") expenses for fiscal 1999 increased 3.8%
from the previous year, to (Yen)45,712 million (US$387 million), representing
4.3% of net sales. Komatsu's consolidated R&D expenditures for the years ended
March 31, 1998 and 1997 amounted to (Yen)44,058 million and (Yen)40,952 million,
respectively. The construction and mining equipment segment accounted for R&D
expenses of (Yen)26,595 million in fiscal 1999 compared to (Yen)24,884 million
in fiscal 1998. The electronics segment recorded R&D expenses of (Yen)9,861
million in fiscal 1999 compared to (Yen)9,860 million in fiscal 1998.
Major R&D activities are conducted at the Research Division which is
comprised of the Advanced Research Laboratory and five research and development
departments (the "R&D Departments"). The R&D Departments provide technology
support for new businesses and promotion that strengthens the existing products
throughout Komatsu. In addition, the R&D Departments play an important role in
the development of technological innovations that are vital for Komatsu's long-
term product offerings. The Development Division's Construction Equipment
Research Center, which supports the technical growth and advancement of
construction and mining equipment, contributes to sustaining Komatsu's
construction equipment business. Also, research groups and development teams
have been formed at each business division to oversee the development of each
division's individual projects.
Komatsu will focus on the following technical issues as part of its mid-to
long-term R&D goals:
(1) Information Technology (IT)
16
<PAGE>
Equipping Komatsu's products and machines with IT will be one of the top
priorities in the coming years. Komatsu plans to offer system-integrated
products and services, including interfacing with machines in the field. Some
examples of IT applications include:
. Unmanned hauling system for mining
. Automated dispatch and fleet control of a construction site
. Remote diagnosis/support system for machines working in the field to
allow for more accurate preventive maintenance
(2) Environmental Control Assessment and Development
Komatsu will work to produce low emission, low energy consumption vehicles
and to use more recycled parts and material/components, longer-life coolant, and
biodegradable hydraulic oil. All of Komatsu's product designs will be based on
life cycle assessment. Komatsu will develop core technologies to further reduce
noise and vibration of the equipment. Komatsu is also devoted to using its
engineering resources to develop recycling equipment and services, such as
mobile crushers and recycling plants.
(3) Supporting Geometry-shrink of Semiconductor Circuits
As geometry-shrink of semiconductor circuits has accelerated from a three
year cycle to a two year cycle, the role of the materials and equipment industry
in this area is becoming increasingly important. On the materials side, Komatsu
will focus on developing high purity poly-silicon and wafers with improved
crystal quality and super-flatness, as well as advanced surface treatment of the
wafers such as EPI, SOI, and annealing. On the equipment side, Komatsu will
continue to develop components essential for advanced lithography and wafer
cleaning, such as:
. High throughput, high-NA KrF lasers
. ArF and F2 lasers for next geometry generations
. Photo-resist temperature controller for wafer tracks and spin coaters
. DI water and/or chemical temperature controller for wet process
Competition
- - -----------
Substantially all of the products manufactured by Komatsu face highly
competitive conditions both in domestic and overseas markets. Competitors
include a large number of companies in and outside Japan which vary in size,
area of distribution and range of products. To address such intense competition,
Komatsu places great emphasis on the high quality and performance of its
products and related services.
While industry sales statistics for many of Komatsu's products are not
available, either for Japan alone or on a worldwide basis, Komatsu believes
that, on the basis of both sales and production, it is the largest manufacturer
of construction and mining equipment in Japan and the second largest in the
world after Caterpillar Inc., a United States corporation, and that it is the
largest manufacturer of large-sized presses in Japan.
No material part of Komatsu's construction and mining or industrial
equipment businesses is dependent upon one or a few suppliers or customers. The
silicon wafer business is, however, very concentrated with, according to the
Company's estimates, fewer than 25
17
<PAGE>
silicon wafer manufacturers worldwide and approximately 90% of the market shared
by the seven largest manufacturers. The market for excimer lasers is also highly
concentrated. Komatsu believes that one commercial producer dominates the market
for excimer lasers for use in Lithography Tools. In addition, the customer base
of the excimer laser market is composed of a small number of manufacturers of
Lithography Tools. Komatsu believes that three large firms, ASM Lithography
B.V., Canon Inc. and Nikon Corp. account for approximately 90% of the worldwide
production of Lithography Tools.
Patents and Licenses
- - --------------------
Komatsu owns a substantial number of patents and utility model
registrations and applications for patents and utility model registrations in
Japan and patents and applications for patents in other countries where its
products are marketed.
Komatsu also manufactures a variety of products under licensing agreements
with other companies.
While Komatsu considers its patents and licenses, collectively, to be
important in the operation of its business, it does not consider any one of its
patents or licenses or any related group of them to be of such importance that
their expiration or termination would materially affect its business as a whole,
nor does it believe that any category of its activities is materially dependent
upon patents or licenses, or patent or license protection. Komatsu also owns
and maintains a substantial number of trademarks and trade names that are
registered or otherwise protected under the laws of various jurisdictions.
Regulation
- - ----------
Komatsu's business segments are subject to various regulations throughout
the world, which include restrictions on noise and emissions from construction
and mining equipment and various environmental controls regulating manufacturing
processes. Komatsu's operations and products are designed to comply with all
applicable environmental regulations currently in effect in the relevant
jurisdictions.
Komatsu believes that it is in substantial compliance with existing
applicable environmental control regulations and does not expect that the cost
of complying with foreseeable requirements will have a material effect upon its
financial position and results of operations. In 1992 Komatsu issued the Earth
Environment Charter, a comprehensive corporate policy statement representing
Komatsu's commitment to compliance with all applicable regulations and industry
standards for the protection of the environment. Komatsu annually reviews its
compliance with applicable environmental regulations governing its operations.
Employee Relations
- - ------------------
At March 31, 1999, Komatsu had 31,785 full-time employees in Japan and
overseas. Komatsu considers its labor relations to be satisfactory.
The Company has a labor contract with the Komatsu Labor Union ("KLU")
covering conditions of employment. This contract, which provides that all
employees except
18
<PAGE>
management and certain other enumerated personnel must become union members, has
been renegotiated every two years and its present term runs to July 31, 2001.
The employees of the Company's principal Japanese subsidiaries are covered by
separate labor contracts between such subsidiaries and the unions representing
their employees. These contracts contain provisions generally similar to those
in the Company's contract with KLU. Certain overseas employees of the Company
and subsidiaries are also covered by labor contracts between the employer and
unions in the relevant locale representing the employees.
In Japan, wages, benefits and other remuneration of the Company's employees
are negotiated annually and amounts so negotiated are effective with respect to
such employees and employees dispatched to certain other of the Company's
subsidiaries and affiliates (as of March 31, 1999, an aggregate of 11,286 of the
total of 31,785 full-time employees of Komatsu). In April 1999, the Company
agreed to grant such employees a 2.26% increase in basic wages.
Item 2. Description of Property
-----------------------
Komatsu's manufacturing operations are conducted in 26 principal plants, 13
of which are located in Japan. As of March 31, 1999, the 26 plants had aggregate
manufacturing floor space of 1,369 thousand square meters (14,732 thousand
square feet). In addition, Komatsu utilizes additional floor space at such
plants and elsewhere for laboratories, office buildings, and employee housing
and welfare facilities. Komatsu's plants are currently operating regularly, on
a year-round basis, based upon at least one full shift per plant. Komatsu could
increase its production by, among other methods, requesting that its employees
work overtime or by increasing the number of shifts working at its plants.
Almost all of Komatsu's manufacturing facilities and the land on which they
are located are owned by Komatsu. A portion of the property owned by Komatsu is
subject to mortgages or other types of liens which have been established on
separate items of property. At March 31, 1999, the net book value of the
property owned by Komatsu was (Yen)440,706 million, of which (Yen)45,783 million
was subject to encumbrances.
The name and location of Komatsu's principal plants, their approximate
aggregate floor space, and the principal products manufactured therein as of
March 31, 1999, are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Name of
Plant Operator Location Floor Space Principal Products
- - ------------ --------------- ---------- -------------------- ----------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Square meters
(thousand sq ft)
Awazu Plant Komatsu Ltd. Komatsu 291,545 Medium and small-sized bulldozers,
(Jpn) (3,137) mini and small-sized hydraulic
excavators, mini-sized wheel
loaders, machine tools, presses,
tunnel boring machines, armed
vehicles and ammunition
</TABLE>
19
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Name of
Plant Operator Location Floor Space Principal Products
- - ------------ --------------- ---------- -------------------- ----------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Square meters
(thousand sq ft)
Osaka Plant Komatsu Ltd. Hirakata 146,332 Large-sized bulldozers, large and
(Jpn) (1,575) medium-sized hydraulic excavators
and construction robots
Oyama Plant Komatsu Ltd. Oyama 184,155 Diesel engines, diesel generators,
(Jpn) (1,982) diesel compressors, industrial
robots, marine engines, hydraulic
components and excimer laser
Kawagoe Plant Komatsu MEC Corp. Kawagoe 33,006 Wheel loaders
(Jpn) (355)
Mooka Plant Komatsu MEC Corp. Mooka 47,411 Rough-terrain cranes and dump
(Jpn) (510) trucks
Kashiwazaki Komatsu Est Corp. Kashiwazaki 16,691 Motor graders and road
Plant (Jpn) (180) construction machinery
Himi Plant Komatsu Castex Ltd. Himi 43,516 Cast steel, cast iron and casting
(Jpn) (468) patterns
Hiratsuka Komatsu Electronic Hiratsuka 19,845 High purity single crystalline
Plant Metals Co., Ltd. (Jpn) (214) silicon
Nagasaki Komatsu Electronic Nagasaki 66,852 High purity single crystalline
Plant Metals Co., Ltd. (Jpn) (719) silicon and high purity single
crystalline silicon wafers
Miyazaki Komatsu Electronic Miyazaki 23,452 High purity silicon wafers
Plant Metals Co., Ltd. (Jpn) (252)
Tachikawa Komatsu Zenoah Co. Higashi-yamato 22,007 Mini-sized construction equipment,
Plant (Jpn) (237) mini-sized agricultural and
forestry equipment, general
purpose engines, hydraulic
equipment
Saitama Komatsu Zenoah Co. Kazo 13,313 Mini-sized construction equipment,
Plant (Jpn) (143) mini-sized agricultural and
forestry equipment, general
purpose engines, hydraulic
equipment
Koriyama Komatsu Zenoah Co. Koriyama 19,474 Mini-sized construction equipment,
Plant (Jpn) (210) mini-sized agricultural and
forestry equipment, general
purpose engines, hydraulic
equipment
</TABLE>
20
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Name of
Plant Operator Location Floor Space Principal Products
- - ------------ --------------- ---------- -------------------- ----------------------------------
Square meters
(thousand sq ft)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Chattanooga Komatsu America Chattanooga 29,730 Hydraulic excavators, wheel
Plant International (U.S.A.) (320) loaders and graders
Company
Peoria Plant Komatsu Mining Illinois 66,000 Large-sized wheel loaders and dump
Systems, Inc. (U.S.A.) (710) trucks
Candiac Plant Komatsu America Quebec (Can.) 16,702 Wheel loaders
International (180)
Company
Suzano Plant Komatsu do Brasil Suzano (Brazil) 52,336 Bulldozers and hydraulic excavators
Ltda. (563)
Birtley Plant Komatsu UK Ltd. Birtley (U.K.) 51,400 Medium and large sized hydraulic
(553) excavators and medium-sized wheel
loaders
Este Plant FKI FAI Komatsu Padova (Italy) 33,876 Mini and small-sized hydraulic
Industries S.p.A. (365) excavators, backhoe loaders and
skid-steer loaders
Changlin Komatsu Shantui Jiangsu (China) 13,089 Wheel loaders
Plant Construction (141)
Machinery Co., Ltd.
Hanomag Plant Komatsu Hanomag AG Hannover 37,000 Wheel loaders and compactors
(F.R.G.) (398)
Jakarta P.T. Komatsu Jakarta 42,990 Hydraulic excavators, wheel
Plant Indonesia Tbk (Indonesia) (463) loaders, bulldozers, motor
graders, dump trucks, sheet metal
parts for construction equipment
Dusseldorf Komatsu Mining Dusseldorf 23,269 Super-large-sized hydraulic
Plant Germany GmbH (F.R.G.) (250) excavators
Moses Lake Advanced Silicon Moses Lake 27,092 Polycrystal silicon and silane gas
Plant Materials Inc. (U.S.A.) (292)
Butte Plant Advanced Silicon Montana (U.S.A.) 31,399 Polycrystal silicon and silane gas
Materials Inc. (338)
Oregon Plant Komatsu Silicon Oregon (U.S.A.) 16,671 Semiconductor silicon wafers
America, Inc. (179)
</TABLE>
The head office of the Company is located in a ten-story office building in
Tokyo which is leased from Komatsu Building Co., Ltd., a 100%-owned consolidated
subsidiary of the Company.
The Company entered into an agreement to sell an unutilized part of its
Osaka Plant (approximately 165,000 square meters of undeveloped land) at an
estimated price of (Yen)26,000
21
<PAGE>
million, which property is currently expected to be conveyed to the purchaser in
the year ending March 31, 2000.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
-----------------
Komatsu is involved in or subject to various ordinary, routine litigation
and legal proceedings incidental to the normal conduct of its business,
including with respect to regulatory matters. The outcome of these matters is
not expected to have a material adverse effect on Komatsu's financial condition,
liquidity or results of operations.
Item 4. Control of Registrant
---------------------
(a) To the best knowledge of the Company, the Company is not, directly or
indirectly, controlled by another corporation or other entity, by the Government
of Japan or by any foreign government, nor to its best knowledge does any person
own more than ten percent of the Company's Common Stock.
(b) (1) No person owns more than ten percent of the Company's common stock.
(2) The total amount of the Company's voting securities owned by the
officers, directors and statutory auditors as a group (29 persons) as
of June 30, 1999 was as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Class of Stock Identity of Person or Group Amount Owned of Class Percent
------------------ --------------------------- --------------------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Common Stock officers, directors and 616,136 0.064%
statutory shares
auditors as a group
</TABLE>
(c) The Company is not aware of any arrangement, the operation of which might
at a subsequent date, result in the acquisition of or a change in the control of
the Company.
Item 5. Nature of Trading Market
------------------------
The shares of common stock of the Company are principally listed on the
Tokyo Stock Exchange, on which 399 million shares of common stock were traded in
fiscal 1999.
ADSs, each representing 4 shares of common stock, have been issued by
Citibank N.A. of New York, as Depositary for the American Depositary Receipts
(ADRs) evidencing the ADSs, and are traded in the US in the over-the-counter
market.
As of July 31, 1999, 968,921,701 shares of common stock were outstanding.
On the same date, 9,572,805 ADSs (equivalent to 38,291,220 shares of common
stock, or approximately 4.0% of the total number of shares of common stock
outstanding on that date) were outstanding and were held by 16 record holders of
ADRs.
22
<PAGE>
Item 6. Exchange Controls and Other Limitations
Affecting Security Holders
---------------------------------------
A. Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Law
--------------------------------------
The Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Law of Japan, as amended ("Foreign
Exchange Law"), and the cabinet orders and ministerial ordinances thereunder
regulate certain transactions involving a "non-resident of Japan" or a "foreign
investor," including a portfolio on foreign ownership of debt or equity
securities of Japanese companies.
"Non-residents of Japan" include individuals who are not resident in Japan
and corporations whose principal offices are located outside of Japan.
Generally, branches and other offices of Japanese corporations located outside
of Japan are regarded as non-residents of Japan, but branches and other offices
of non-resident corporations located within Japan are regarded as residents of
Japan. "Foreign investors" are defined to be: (i) individuals not resident in
Japan; (ii) corporations which are organized under the laws of foreign countries
or whose principal offices are located outside of Japan; (iii) corporations of
which not less than 50 percent of the shares are held directly or indirectly by
(i) or (ii) above; and (iv) any corporation in which: (a) a majority of the
officers are non-resident individuals; or (b) a majority of the officers having
the power to represent the corporation are non-resident individuals.
The following is a summary of the pertinent regulations under the Foreign
Exchange Law insofar as they affect debt securities of the Company, shares of
the Company's Common Stock or Depositary Receipts representing such shares.
Debt Securities
- - ---------------
The Foreign Exchange Law requires that a resident of Japan whose debt
securities are being issued outside of Japan file a post facto report of
---- -----
"capital transaction" with the Minister of Finance. Under the Foreign Exchange
Law, payment of the principal of and interest on the debt securities (including
any additional amounts payable pursuant to the terms of the securities) may in
general be made by the issuer without any restrictions.
On March 28, 1996, the Company, Komatsu Finance America Inc., and Komatsu
Finance (Netherlands) B.V. (the "Issuers") established and registered the US$1
billion Euro Medium-Term Note Program on the London Stock Exchange. Under this
program, each of the Issuers may from time to time issue notes denominated in
any currency.
Acquisition of Shares
- - ---------------------
In general, the acquisition of shares in a Japanese company listed on any
stock exchange in Japan or traded on the over-the-counter market in Japan (the
"listed shares") from a resident of Japan by a non-resident of Japan requires
the resident of Japan to file a post facto report with the Minister of Finance
---- -----
of the transaction. The Foreign Exchange Law gives the Minister of Finance the
power in certain limited and exceptional circumstances to require prior approval
for any such acquisition.
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If a foreign investor intends to acquire the listed shares and as a result
of such acquisition the aggregate of the shares in the relevant company already
held by that foreign investor and certain related parties (as specified under
the Foreign Exchange Law) and the number of such shares proposed to be acquired
by that foreign investor would be 10 percent or more of the total issued shares,
such foreign investor will generally be subject to a post facto reporting
---- -----
requirement to the Minister of Finance and any other competent Minister. In
certain exceptional cases, a prior notification is required in respect of such
an acquisition.
Under the Foreign Exchange Law and the regulations thereunder currently in
effect, a holder of convertible bonds or warrants to subscribe for new shares
which were issued or offered outside of Japan may acquire the listed shares upon
the conversion or exercise of such convertible bonds or warrants without being
subject to any of the aforesaid prior notification and/or post facto reporting
---- -----
requirements.
Dividends and Proceeds of Sale
- - ------------------------------
Under the Foreign Exchange Law and regulations thereunder, dividends paid
on the shares of a Japanese corporation (including those in the form of
Depository Receipts) held by non-residents of Japan and the proceeds of any sale
of such shares within Japan may in general be converted into any foreign
currency and repatriated abroad. The acquisition of shares by non-resident
shareholders by way of stock splits is not subject to any of the prior
notification and/or post facto reporting requirements.
---- -----
Exercise or Transfer of Subscription Rights
- - -------------------------------------------
The acquisition by a foreign investor of shares in a Japanese company upon
the exercise of subscription rights is subject to the formalities and
restrictions described in the second paragraph under "Acquisitions of Shares"
above. However, if a foreign investor wishes to dispose of, rather than
exercise, any subscription rights, he may sell the rights inside or outside of
Japan without restriction. (See "B. Commercial Code - Subscription Rights"
below.)
Depositary Receipts
- - -------------------
When shares are deposited with a Depositary located outside of Japan and
Depositary Receipts are issued in exchange therefor, the Depositary is treated
like any other foreign investor acquiring Shares.
B. Commercial Code
---------------
A brief description of certain material provisions of the Commercial Code
of Japan (the "Commercial Code") relevant to shares of common stock of
companies, such as the Company, whose shares are listed on any Japanese stock
exchange are set forth below:
Transfer of Shares
- - ------------------
24
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Under the Commercial Code, the transfer of shares is effected by delivery
of share certificates, but in order to assert shareholders' rights against the
company, the transferee must, in general, have its name and address registered
on the company's register of shareholders, through a transfer agent of the
company. Non-resident shareholders are required to appoint a standing proxy in
Japan or to designate a mailing address in Japan.
"Unit" Share
- - ------------
A company whose shares are listed on any Japanese stock exchange is
generally required to adopt as one "unit" of shares either: (i) the number of
shares obtainable by dividing (Yen)50,000 by the par value of such company's
shares; or (ii) such other number as the company determines in its Articles of
Incorporation, if the portion of the net assets of the company shown in the
latest balance sheet attributable to such number of shares is not less than
(Yen)50,000. If the company does not provide for a different number of shares
as a unit, it is deemed to have adopted as one unit the number of shares set
forth in (i) above.
(Transferability of Shares Representing Less Than One Unit)
Certificates for shares representing less than one unit are allowed to be
issued only in certain limited circumstances. Since the transfer of shares
normally requires delivery of the certificates therefor, fractions of a unit for
which no share certificates are issued may not be transferable. Shares
representing less than one unit for which share certificates have been issued
prior to adoption of the unit share system in 1982 continue to be transferable,
but the transfer may only be registered on the company's register of
shareholders if the transferee is already a registered shareholder (whether in
respect of units or of shares representing less than one unit).
(Rights of a Holder of Shares Representing Less Than
One Unit to Require the Company to Purchase Such Shares)
A holder of shares representing less than one unit may at any time require
the company to purchase such shares at their last reported sale price on the
Japanese stock exchange on which the shares are listed (or, if the shares are
listed on more than one stock exchange, the stock exchange which is provided by
law) on the day when such requirement is made or, if no sale takes place on such
stock exchange on such day, the price at which the first sale of the shares is
effected on such stock exchange thereafter, less applicable brokerage
commission. The usual securities transfer tax is applicable to such a purchase.
(Other Rights of a Holder of Shares Representing Less Than One Unit)
A holder of shares representing less than one unit continues to enjoy in
respect of such shares: (i) the right to receive cash dividends; (ii)the right
to receive shares issuable upon stock splits; (iii) the right to be allotted
subscription rights with respect to new shares, convertible bonds and bonds with
warrants to subscribe for shares when such rights are granted to shareholders;
(iv) the right to participate in the distribution of surplus assets in the event
of the liquidation of the company; and (v) certain other rights, including the
right to require the company to issue replacement share certificates for lost,
stolen and destroyed share certificates. All other rights, including voting
rights, the right to institute derivative actions and the right to examine the
company's books and records, cannot be exercised with respect to shares
representing less than one unit.
25
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Voting Rights
- - -------------
A holder of shares representing less than one unit is not able to exercise
any voting rights with respect to such shares. In calculating the quorum for
various voting purposes, the aggregate number of such shares representing less
than one unit is excluded from the number of outstanding shares. A holder of
shares representing one or more whole units has one vote for each such share,
except that a corporate shareholder one-quarter or more of whose outstanding
shares are directly or indirectly owned by the company may not exercise its
voting rights. In the case of a company (regardless of whether or not listed on
any stock exchange) whose stated capital is not less than (Yen)500 million or
whose total debt as appearing on its latest balance sheet is not less than
(Yen)20 billion and the number of holders of whose voting shares is not less
than 1,000, shareholders having voting rights may cast their votes in writing
unless, for the time being, the company is listed on a stock exchange in Japan
and solicits proxies from all shareholders.
Stock Splits
- - ------------
The entire amount of the issue price of new shares is required to be
accounted for as stated capital, although the company may account for an amount
not exceeding one-half of such issue price as capital surplus (subject to the
remainder being not less than the total par value of the new shares being
issued). The company may at any time transfer the whole or any part of its
capital surplus and legal reserve to stated capital by resolution of the Board
of Directors. The whole or any part of retained earnings which are
distributable as annual dividends may also be transferred to stated capital by
resolution of an ordinary general meeting of shareholders.
The company may at any time split the shares in issue into a greater number
of shares by resolution of the Board of Directors if: (i) the total par value of
the shares in issue after the stock split does not exceed the stated capital;
and (ii) the net assets of the company (as appearing in the latest balance
sheet) divided by the number of the shares in issue after the stock split is at
least (Yen)50. Generally, unless a stock split involves a change in the par
value of the shares (which would be subject to shareholders' approval),
shareholders will not be required to exchange share certificates for new share
certificates, but certificates representing the additional shares resulting from
the stock split will be issued to shareholders subject to the limitations of the
unit share system as described above. If the exchange of share certificates is
not required, the company must give public notice of the stock split, specifying
a record date therefor, not less than two weeks prior to such record date and,
in addition, promptly after the stock split takes effect, give notice to each
shareholder specifying the number of shares to which such shareholder is
entitled by virtue of the stock split. If exchange of share certificates is
required, the company must give public notice (and, in addition, notice to each
shareholder) that, within a period of not less than one month specified in such
notice, share certificates must be submitted to the company for exchange.
Subscription Rights
- - -------------------
Holders of shares of the Company have no pre-emptive rights. The
authorized but unissued shares may be issued generally at such times and upon
such terms as the Board of Directors shall determine. The Board of Directors
may, however, determine that all shareholders
26
<PAGE>
as of a record date be given rights to subscribe to new shares of the company on
uniform terms. Such subscription rights may be made generally transferable by
the Board of Directors in its discretion, however, an active market in
subscription rights has not yet been developed in Japan.
Repurchase by a Company of Its Own Shares
- - -----------------------------------------
Except as otherwise permitted by the Commercial Code as set out below, a
company may not, in general, acquire its own shares except by means of a
reduction in capital in the manner provided for in the Commercial Code.
However, a company shall acquire its own shares in response to a shareholder's
request for purchase of his shares representing less than one unit. Shares so
purchased must be sold or otherwise transferred to a third party within a
reasonable time thereafter.
The amendments to the Commercial Code which took effect in June 1997, as
well as those which took effect on October 1, 1994, enable the company to
acquire its own shares (i) for the purpose of transferring such shares to its
employees and/or directors if there is any justifiable reason or (ii) for the
purpose of cancellation. In either case, the acquisition is subject to
authorization granted by resolution (in the case of a company whose shares are
not listed on any stock exchange in Japan or traded on the over-the-counter
market in Japan, by special resolution) of an ordinary general meeting of
shareholders. Acquisition by a company of its shares for the purpose of
transfer to its employees and/or directors is subject to, among other things,
the following restrictions: (a) the purchase shall be made for due cause, such
as for the purpose of a transfer to its employees' shareholding association or
for the purpose of sale to specific directors and/or employees based on stock
option arrangements; (b) the number of shares held by the company as a result of
such acquisition may not at any time exceed ten percent of the total number of
shares in issue; (c) the number of shares to be purchased by the company for
such purpose during the period from the time of the relevant resolution of the
ordinary general meeting of shareholders to the time of conclusion of the
immediately following ordinary general meeting of shareholders may not exceed
ten percent of the total number of shares in issue; (d) the total amount of the
purchase price of the shares purchased by the company for such purpose during
the period referred to in (c) above may not exceed the amount of profits
distributable by the company as year-end dividends, less the aggregate of any
amount to be paid out by the company by way of appropriation of retained
earnings and any amount of retained earnings transferred to stated capital, if
any such appropriation and transfer is authorized pursuant to resolution of the
ordinary general meeting of the shareholders at which such purchase of shares is
also authorized; and (e) (in the case of a listed company such as the Company)
the purchase shall be effected only on any of the stock exchanges on which the
shares are then listed or by way of tender offer in the manner prescribed by the
Securities and Exchange Law (as amended). Purchase by a company of its shares
for the purpose of cancellation is subject to the restrictions referred to in
(d) and (e) above shares purchased by the company for the purpose of transfer to
its employees and/or directors must be transferred to them within six months
after such purchase, or (if purchased for stock option arrangements) within the
option exercise period, and shares purchased by the company for the purpose of
cancellation must be canceled without delay after such purchase.
However, a special law to the Commercial Code, which was introduced on 1
June 1997, enables the Company to acquire shares in order to cancel the same
without the authorization of shareholders, provided that the Articles of
Incorporation authorize the Board of Directors to do so. With respect to such
acquisition, the restrictions referred to in (c) and (e) are applicable,
27
<PAGE>
together with the additional restriction that the total amount of the purchase
price must not exceed 1/2 of the amount of the retained earnings available for
dividend payments as of the latest fiscal year end, minus the amount (to be)
paid by way of appropriation of earnings and transferred to capital, the
aggregate total purchase price of shares to be acquired under (1) and (2) above,
and other certain amounts.
In addition, an amendment to the special law to the Commercial Code, which
was introduced on March 30, 1998, enables the Company to acquire shares by way
of appropriation of capital surplus in order to cancel the same without the
authorization of shareholders, provided that the Articles of Incorporation
authorizes the Board to do so. With respect to such acquisition, the
restriction referred to in (e) is applicable together with the additional
restrictions that (i) the total amount of the purchase price must not exceed the
aggregate amount of capital surplus and legal reserve less 1/4 of stated
capital, provided that such repurchase cannot be done in cases where the Company
does not have retained earnings available for dividend payments as of the latest
fiscal year end because of deductions of the amount (to be) paid by way of
appropriation of earnings and transfer to capital, the aggregate total purchase
price of shares to be acquired under (1) and (2) above, and other certain
amounts; (ii) the resource of such acquisition must be capital reserve; and
(iii) public notice to the creditors of the Company must be done during the two
weeks after the board resolution.
By a resolution adopted at the annual shareholders' meeting on June 27,
1997, the Company's Articles of Incorporation were amended to enable the Company
to acquire its shares for cancellation by appropriation of retained earnings, up
to a maximum of ninety million (90,000,000) shares, pursuant to a resolution of
the Board of Directors. The Company completed such acquisition at the total
acquisition price of (Yen)9,773 million by April 12, 1998 and canceled the
shares.
Also, by a resolution adopted at the annual shareholders' meeting on June
26, 1998, the Company was authorized to acquire up to one million (1,000,000)
shares at a maximum total acquisition price of (Yen)1 billion for transfer to
certain of its directors and employees. As of August 3, 1998, the Company
completed the acquisition of one million (1,000,000) shares at the total
acquisition price of (Yen)696 million.
Also, by a resolution adopted at the annual shareholders' meeting on June
29, 1999, the Company was authorized to acquire up to 1.2 million (1,200,000)
shares at a maximum total acquisition price of (Yen)1.2 billion for transfer to
certain of its directors and employees. As of July 23, 1999, the Company
completed the acquisition of 1.2 million (1,200,000) shares at the total
acquisition price of 925 million.
The Commercial Code generally prohibits any subsidiary from acquiring
shares in its parent company.
C. Other Regulations
-----------------
The Securities and Exchange Law of Japan, as amended, requires any person
who has become, beneficially and solely or jointly, a holder of more than five
percent of the total issued
28
<PAGE>
voting shares of a company listed on any Japanese stock exchange or traded on
the over-the-counter market in Japan, to file with the Director of the
appropriate Local Finance Bureau of the Ministry of Finance of Japan, within
five business days, a report concerning such shareholdings. A similar report
must also be made if the ratio of such holding subsequently changes by one
percent or more. Copies of any such report must also be furnished to the issuer
of such shares and to all Japanese stock exchanges on which the shares are
listed or the Japan Securities Dealers Association in the case of over-the-
counter shares. For this purpose, shares issuable to such person upon conversion
of convertible bonds or exercise of warrants (and similar shares) are taken into
account in determining both the number of shares held by such holder and the
issuer's total number of issued shares.
Item 7. Taxation
--------
Debt Securities
- - ---------------
Except as mentioned below, under the Japanese tax laws currently in effect,
the interest on debt securities or corporate bonds (shasai) issued by a Japanese
------
corporation is generally subject to the withholding of Japanese income tax and,
in the case of a corporation (other than a non-Japanese corporation having no
permanent establishment in Japan), to corporation tax, and premium (if any) on
such debt securities is generally subject to Japanese income or corporation tax,
depending on the status of the recipient.
Under Japanese tax laws currently in effect, the payment of interest on
debt securities issued outside Japan by a Japanese company (on or after April 1,
1998 and on or before March 31, 2000) and the difference, if any, between the
issue price and the amount payable upon redemption of such debt securities will
not be subject to the withholding of Japanese income tax, if such interest or
difference is payable outside of Japan to a non-resident of Japan or non-
Japanese corporation which (in the case of interest) has submitted documents
certifying its non-Japanese residency in accordance with the requirements set
out in Japanese tax laws. Furthermore, such payment will not be subject to any
other Japanese income or corporation tax, unless such non-resident or non-
Japanese corporation has a permanent establishment in Japan and the payment is
attributable to the business of such non-resident or non-Japanese corporation
carried on in Japan through such permanent establishment. The Convention
Between Japan and the United States of America for the Avoidance of Double
Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income of
March 1, 1971, as presently in effect (the "Tax Convention"), provides that the
interest income of a United States resident or corporation from debt securities
may be taxable by Japan if and to the extent that interest is paid by a resident
of Japan or otherwise is from sources within Japan.
Under the Tax Convention, the maximum rate of Japanese tax on interest
income of United States residents or corporations is 10 percent unless the
recipient has a permanent establishment in Japan and the debt securities in
respect of which such interest is paid are effectively connected with such
permanent establishment, in which case such income will be taxed at the normal
rates provided by the Japanese income or corporate tax laws.
There are no Japanese taxes payable on conversion of convertible bonds into
shares of Common Stock or Depository Receipts.
29
<PAGE>
Gains derived from the sales of debt securities of the Company outside of
Japan by non-residents (including individuals and non-Japanese corporations),
will not be subject to Japanese income or corporation taxes, except in limited
circumstances. Gains derived by non-residents (including individuals and non-
Japanese corporations) from the sale in Japan of debt securities of the Company
will be exempt from Japanese taxes on income if the non-resident does not have a
permanent establishment in Japan.
Japanese inheritance and gift taxes at progressive rates may be payable by
an individual who has acquired debt securities of the Company as legatee, heir
or donee.
Common Stock and Depositary Receipts
- - ------------------------------------
Generally, a non-resident of Japan or a non-Japanese corporation is subject
to Japanese withholding tax on dividends paid by Japanese corporations. Stock
splits are not subject to Japanese income tax. However, a transfer of retained
earnings or legal reserve (but, in general, not capital surplus) to stated
capital (whether made in connection with a stock split or otherwise) is treated
as a dividend payment to shareholders for Japanese tax purposes and is, in
general, subject to Japanese income tax. No such transfer would be necessary in
connection with a stock split if the total par value of the shares in issue
after the stock split does not exceed the stated capital.
Pursuant to the Tax Convention the maximum rate of Japanese withholding tax
that may be imposed on dividends paid by a Japanese corporation to a United
States resident individual or, subject to certain limited exceptions, a United
States corporation is 15 percent unless such United States resident individual
or United States corporation has a permanent establishment in Japan and the
shares with respect to which the dividends are paid are effectively connected
with the permanent establishment.
Gains derived from the sale outside of Japan of Common Stock or Depositary
Receipts by non-residents of Japan, including non-Japanese corporations, will
not be in general subject to Japanese taxes on income.
Gains derived from the sale in Japan of Common Stock or Depositary Receipts
by a non-resident (including a non-Japanese corporation) are in general exempt
from Japanese income or corporation taxes, unless the non-resident has a
permanent establishment in Japan.
Japanese inheritance and gift taxes, at progressive rates, may be payable
by an individual who acquires Common Stock or Depositary Receipts as a legatee,
heir or donee.
Item 8. Selected Financial Data
-----------------------
Attached hereto and incorporated in full by reference is pages 40 and 41 of
the Company's 1999 Annual Report to Shareholders pertaining to the "Ten-year
Summary", which pages comprise part of the Consolidated Financial Statements
attached hereto.
(The most recent practicable exchange rate into United States dollars of
Japanese yen was (Yen)115.85=U.S.$1 as of July 30, 1999.)
30
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Item 9. Management's Discussion and Analysis of the
Financial Conditions and Results of Operations
----------------------------------------------
Outlook
The statements contained in this Outlook section are based on management's
current expectations. With the exception of the historical information
contained herein, the statements presented in this Outlook section are forward-
looking statements that involve numerous risks and uncertainties that could
significantly affect expected results. Actual results may differ materially.
Construction and Mining Equipment. With the government's economic stimulus
measures beginning to take some effect, industry demand in certain segments of
the market, such as public and housing investments, began to show signs of
improvement for the Company's mainstay construction equipment business.
Following a 26-month decline since March 1997, shipment of construction
equipment to the Japanese market increased in May 1999 compared to May 1998.
There can, however, be no assurance of continued growth. To prepare for
positive development in the market, the Company plans to steadily restructure
its manufacturing operations in Japan and respond to the market shift toward
rental equipment.
While it is difficult to forecast recovery in the Southeast Asian market,
Komatsu has seen some encouraging signs of an upturn in demand from the lumber
industry in Malaysia and Indonesia. In addition, the Japanese government's
financial assistance program, namely the New Miyazawa Initiative announced at
the last APEC Finance Ministers meeting, include a boost to infrastructure
investments in Southeast Asia which is expected to trigger increased demand for
Komatsu's equipment. Komatsu is prepared to take full advantage of economic
recovery in the region. Komatsu's plants in Southeast Asia have maintained
operations through the recession without losing their standards of quality and
reliability.
In response to the current economic conditions, Komatsu will exploit the
advantages of its global manufacturing network. In the stable markets of United
States and Europe, Komatsu will strive to expand sales, focusing its effort on
the utility equipment and bulldozer businesses. In the mining equipment
business, Komatsu will strive to reduce fixed cost, to complete a full line of
its machines and to strengthen packaged sales of machines and mine management
systems.
Electronics. In the electronics field, Komatsu expects to capitalize on
medium-to long-range growth in semi-conductor related business. In the silicon
wafer business, the Company will make strategic use of the recent acquisition
from KEM of KSA as the North American center of production, sales and service
for the electronics business of Komatsu, while also preparing for market
recovery and next generation investments. KEM will continue to sell silicon
wafers in the United States using products imported from Japan and will
capitalize on its new joint venture operation in Taiwan.
In the Excimer laser business, the Company's engineers will focus on
staying ahead of the rapid advances in the semiconductor industry. While this
business has not generated profits, it is well positioned for future growth and
management expects to see gains in the latter half of fiscal 2000. The
Company's recent delivery of its high powered laser unit to Japan's top
government research institute demonstrates the Company's technological strength
in this area.
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Komatsu anticipates increased demand for products from its specialized
manufacturer of thermoelectric modules, Komatsu Electronics, Inc. Its
thermoelectric semiconductor devices can cool or heat by switching polarity,
thus enabling precise temperature control. Management anticipates solid
expansion of applications for these products, particularly in
telecommunications.
Industrial Machinery. Komatsu's industrial machinery business comprises
large presses for the automobile industry, sheet metal forming machines, small
and medium-sized presses and machine tools. Komatsu has completed the
restructuring program for its large press business, which emphasizes close
cooperation between design engineers and customers. Komatsu's innovative modular
transfer presses demonstrate the success of this relationship. Even considering
the fluctuations in capital expenditure in the automobile industry, management
is confident that Komatsu's large press business will remain profitable through
innovation, differentiation and cost competitiveness.
The sheet metal forming machine and small and medium-sized press business,
handled by Komatsu Industries, had a negative impact on the performance of the
industrial machinery business. To revitalize this business, Komatsu will seek
to implement substantial reforms under a new management team during the next two
years.
Civil Engineering and Construction. Within the Japanese market, the civil
engineering and construction segment is expected to continue to experience flat
demand and negative or slow revenue growth in fiscal 2000 due to the ongoing
sluggishness in the Japanese economy. Komatsu has undertaken initiatives to
maintain or increase net revenues by reducing costs, streamlining production and
developing innovative products. Management expects that industry demand in
fiscal 2000 will continue to be stagnant, characterized by declining private
sector project expenditure in Japan partially offset by modest increases in
public sector project expenditure from new government fiscal stimulus
initiatives.
Foreign Exchange Rate Fluctuations. Sales to customers located outside
Japan represented approximately 45% and 51% of Komatsu's net revenues in fiscal
1998 and fiscal 1999, respectively. Komatsu expects that a significant portion
of its revenues will continue to be from sales to customers outside of Japan. A
significant proportion of Komatsu's international sales have been denominated in
United States dollars. An appreciation in the value of the yen against the
dollar could generally have an adverse effect on Komatsu's results of operations
although Komatsu has reduced its exposure to changes in the exchange rate
between the yen and the dollar by increasing significantly the local content of
its products manufactured in the United States and elsewhere outside Japan. To
further reduce foreign exchange risks, Komatsu executes forward exchange
contracts as described in Item 9A below. The devaluation of the yen against the
dollar generally results in an increase in Komatsu's operating profit.
Results of Operations
Comparison of Fiscal 1999 with Fiscal 1998
Net Sales
Komatsu's net sales decreased 3.8% in fiscal 1999 to (Yen)1,061,597 million
(US$8,997 million) from (Yen)1,104,077 million in fiscal 1998. While the
increase in overseas net sales, in construction and mining equipment operation,
offset a decline in domestic net sales, both
32
<PAGE>
domestic and overseas net sales of other operations decreased. Overseas net
sales increased 7.9% to (Yen)537,651 million (US$4,556 million) in fiscal 1999
from (Yen)498,176 million in fiscal 1998 due to construction and mining
equipment operation. Domestic net sales decreased 13.5% to (Yen)523,946 million
(US$4,440 million) in fiscal 1999 from (Yen)605,901 million in fiscal 1998 due
primarily to depressed domestic demand for construction and mining equipment
which resulted from the sluggish Japanese economy.
While net sales in Asia (other than Japan) and in Oceania decreased 11.6%
to (Yen)96,853 million (US$821 million) in fiscal 1999 due to economic crises
experienced by certain countries in the region, this decline was outweighed by
increased sales in other regions, including the Americas, Europe, the Middle
East and Africa. Overseas business expansion in fiscal 1999 was particularly
strong in the Americas and Europe, with net sales in the Americas increasing
17.9% to (Yen)272,091 million (US$2,306 million) in fiscal 1999 from
(Yen)230,824 million in fiscal 1998 and net sales in Europe increasing 5.2% to
(Yen)119,270 million (US$1,011 million) in fiscal 1999 from (Yen)113,427 million
in fiscal 1998. Net sales in the Middle East and Africa increased 11.5% to
(Yen)49,437 million (US$419 million) in fiscal 1999.
Earnings
Cost of sales for fiscal 1999 declined 2.3% to (Yen)807,255 million
(US$6,841 million) from (Yen)826,627 million in fiscal 1998. The cost of sales
to net sales ratio grew 1.1% to 76.0% in fiscal 1999 from 74.9% in fiscal 1998.
SG&A expenses for fiscal 1999 increased 6.7% to (Yen)250,061 million
(US$2,119 million). The ratio of SG&A expenses to net sales in fiscal 1999 was
23.6%, up 2.4% over 21.2% in fiscal 1998.
As a result, operating income for fiscal 1999 declined 90.1% compared to
the previous fiscal year to (Yen)4,281 million (US$36 million). Major
contributing factors were weak silicon wafer prices, one-time expenses resulting
from the restructuring of manufacturing operations and a substantial operating
loss incurred in the civil engineering and construction business.
Net interest and other income and expenses for fiscal 1999 generated a loss
of (Yen)13,885 million (US$118 million), compared to a loss of (Yen)2,846
million in fiscal 1998, including a large write-down of (Yen)14,214 million
(US$120 million) due to the devaluation of domestic marketable and investment
securities precipitated by the weak stock market and economy in Japan. Interest
and other income for fiscal 1999 also included a gain of (Yen)7,206 million
(US$61 million) from the sales of property at Machida in Japan. As a result of
this loss and the increase in selling, general and administrative expenses
described above, income (loss) before income taxes, minority interests and
equity in earnings shrank in fiscal 1999, resulting in a net loss of (Yen)9,604
million (US$81 million), compared with income of (Yen)40,252 million in fiscal
1998, and declined 4.5% to minus 0.9% as a percentage of net sales.
Minority interests in income (loss) of consolidated subsidiaries raised
income after income tax by (Yen)6,862 million (US$58 million) in fiscal 1999, a
reverse from the reduction in income after income tax of (Yen)933 million in
fiscal 1998, reflecting losses of such consolidated subsidiaries due primarily
to KEM. In fiscal 1999, equity in earnings (losses) of affiliated companies
fell to a loss of (Yen)7,575 million (US$64 million), from a gain of (Yen)763
million in fiscal 1998 due primarily to one-time expenses resulting from the
restructuring of the operating base of AKT.
33
<PAGE>
As a result, and for the first time since the introduction of consolidated
financial statements in 1964, Komatsu experienced a net loss in fiscal 1999 of
(Yen)12,378 million (US$105 million).
On a per share basis, net loss for fiscal 1999 amounted to (Yen)12.77
(US$0.11), while cash dividends per share were reduced by (Yen)1.00, to
(Yen)7.00 (US$0.06) for the year. Cash dividends per share were (Yen)8.00 in
fiscal 1998.
Comparison of Fiscal 1998 with Fiscal 1997
- - ------------------------------------------
Net Sales
Komatsu's net sales increased 0.5% to (Yen)1,104,077 million in fiscal 1998
from (Yen)1,098,916 million in fiscal 1997. This increase was due to the
increase in overseas net sales described below which more than offset a decline
in domestic net sales. Overseas net sales increased 21.1% to (Yen)498,176
million in fiscal 1998 from (Yen)411,457 million in fiscal 1997. Domestic net
sales decreased 11.9% to (Yen)605,901 million in fiscal 1998 from (Yen)687,459
million in fiscal 1997 due primarily to depressed domestic demand for
construction and mining equipment which resulted from the sluggish Japanese
economy and reduced public spending in Japan.
While net sales in Asia (other than Japan) and in Oceania decreased 13.6%
to (Yen)109,572 million in fiscal 1998 due to currency devaluations and economic
crises experienced by certain countries in the region, this decline was
outweighed by increased sales in other regions, including the Americas, Europe,
the Middle East and Africa. Business expansion in fiscal 1998 was particularly
strong in the Americas and Europe, with net sales in the Americas increasing
35.2% to (Yen)230,824 million in fiscal 1998 from (Yen)170,683 million in fiscal
1997 and net sales in Europe increasing 30.3% to (Yen)113,427 million in fiscal
1998 from (Yen)87,047 million in fiscal 1997. Net sales in the Middle East and
Africa increased 64.8% to (Yen)44,353 million in fiscal 1998 due to significant
increases in sales of large bulldozers in the Middle East and Africa.
Earnings
Cost of sales for fiscal 1998 declined 0.1% to (Yen)826,627 million from
(Yen)827,665 million in fiscal 1997. The cost of sales to net sales ratio
improved 0.4% to 74.9% in fiscal 1998 from 75.3% in fiscal 1997.
SG&A expenses for fiscal 1998 increased 5.9% to (Yen)234,352 million. The
increase was primarily due to the increase in variable costs related to the
Company commencing in fiscal 1998 to incorporate the results of KSA and FKI in
the Company's consolidated results of operations. In addition, the increase in
SG&A expenses generally reflects the increase in variable costs related to
increased sales compared to the previous fiscal year. The ratio of SG&A
expenses to net sales was 21.2%, up 1.1% over 20.1% in fiscal 1997.
Operating income for fiscal 1998 declined 13.6% compared to the previous
fiscal year to (Yen)43,098 million due primarily to the decline in the operating
income from Komatsu's electronics segment from (Yen)12,083 million in fiscal
1997 to (Yen)4,043 million in fiscal 1998.
Net interest and other income and expenses for fiscal 1998 generated a loss
of (Yen)2,846 million, compared to a loss of (Yen)4,134 million in fiscal 1997,
reflecting a gain of (Yen)5,556
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million on the sale of the Company's minority interest in KEM, a consolidated
subsidiary, in connection with a public offering of the company's shares and the
listing of its shares on the Tokyo Stock Exchange during the year. Interest and
other expenses for fiscal 1998 also included a loss of (Yen)1,076 million
resulting from the liquidation of Unizon Corporation, a consolidated subsidiary.
As a result of this loss and the increase in selling, general and administrative
expenses described above, income before income taxes, minority interests and
equity in earnings declined 12.1% to (Yen)40,252 million in fiscal 1998 from
(Yen)45,769 million in fiscal 1997 and declined 0.6% to 3.6% as a percentage of
net sales.
Minority interests in income of consolidated subsidiaries reduced income
after income tax by (Yen)933 million in fiscal 1998, a slight decrease from the
reduction in income after income tax of (Yen)995 million in fiscal 1997,
reflecting lower income of such consolidated subsidiaries. In fiscal 1998,
equity in earnings of affiliated companies was (Yen)763 million, compared with a
loss of (Yen)1,052 million in fiscal 1997 due primarily to improved
profitability recorded by AKT during fiscal 1998 (a net gain of (Yen)809
million) compared to fiscal 1997 (a net loss of (Yen)531 million).
Net income for fiscal 1998 increased 6.0% to (Yen)19,241 million from
(Yen)18,160 million in fiscal 1997 due to the increase in equity in earnings of
affiliated companies.
On a per share basis, net income for fiscal 1998 increased 7.3% to
(Yen)19.60 from (Yen)18.26 in fiscal 1997, while cash dividends per share were
(Yen)8.00 for the year. Cash dividends per share were (Yen)8.00 in fiscal 1997.
Performance by Segment
Komatsu operates in five business segments: Construction and mining
equipment, electronics, industrial machinery, civil engineering and
construction, and other operations.
Construction and Mining Equipment. Fiscal 1999 net sales of construction
and mining equipment totaled (Yen)731,077 million (US$6,196 million), an
increase of 1.3% over (Yen)721,875 million in fiscal 1998 which in turn
represented an increase of 0.7% over (Yen)716,932 million in fiscal 1997.
Construction and mining equipment net sales accounted for 68.9% of Komatsu's
worldwide net sales in fiscal 1999. While sales in Japan decreased 15.0%, to
(Yen)247,102 million (US$2,094 million) in fiscal 1999 from (Yen)290,869 million
in fiscal 1998, sales outside Japan increased 12.3% to (Yen)483,975 million
(US$4,101 million) in fiscal 1999 offsetting the sharp decline in domestic
sales. Sales in Japan represented 33.8% of total sales of construction and
mining equipment, down 6.5% from the previous fiscal year, while the proportion
of sales outside Japan increased to 66.2% despite a significant drop of 65.0% in
sales to customers in Southeast Asia. Overall, net sales of construction and
mining equipment comprised 68.9% of Komatsu's total net sales in fiscal 1999, up
from 65.4% in the previous fiscal year and 65.2% in fiscal 1997.
Operating income from the construction and mining equipment segment for
fiscal 1999 decreased 16.3% compared to the previous fiscal year to (Yen)30,963
million (US$262 million) due primarily to a decrease in domestic sales and one-
time expenses resulting from restructuring. In fiscal 1998 operating income
increased 8.7% to (Yen)36,976 million from (Yen)34,027 million in fiscal 1997
due to an increase in overseas sales outside Asia, particularly in the Americas
and Europe.
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Electronics. In the electronics business, Komatsu launched shipment of
mass-produced Excimer lasers and achieved strong sales of peripheral LAN
equipment. However, the silicon wafer business was hit by a reduction in global
demand and marked declines in product prices, mainly attributable to sluggish
semiconductor markets. Demand for polycrystalline silicon as the material for
silicon wafers was also lackluster. Fiscal 1999 net sales from electronics
operations decreased 16.9% to (Yen)86,608 million (US$734 million) from
(Yen)104,265 million in fiscal 1998, as sales in Japan decreased 14.6% to
(Yen)56,903 million (US$482 million), and sales outside Japan decreased 21.0% to
(Yen)29,705 million (US$252 million). Fiscal 1998 net sales increased 15.1% to
(Yen)104,265 million from (Yen)90,553 million in fiscal 1997. Electronics
accounted for 8.2% of Komatsu's net sales in fiscal 1999, compared with 9.4% in
fiscal 1998 and 8.2% in fiscal 1997.
KEM, a 63.5% owned subsidiary of the Company engaged in the manufacture of
silicon wafers, had sales of (Yen)62,277 million (US$528 million) for fiscal
1999, a decrease of 17.5% over sales of (Yen)75,507 million the previous fiscal
year.
Operating income (loss) from the electronics segment for fiscal 1999 fell
to an operating loss of (Yen)18,074 million (US$153 million). This was due to
decreased sales resulting from sharp declines in product prices and global
reduction in demand for silicon wafer and polycrystalline silicon as the
material for silicon wafers. In fiscal 1998, operating income decreased 66.5%
compared to the previous fiscal year to (Yen)4,043 million, primarily due to a
decline in sales in fiscal 1998 and an increase in depreciation related to
increased capital expenditures in Komatsu's electronics segment during fiscal
1997.
Industrial Machinery. Fiscal 1999 sales of industrial machinery decreased
16.7% to (Yen)42,676 million (US$362 million) from (Yen)51,231 million in fiscal
1998. Fiscal 1998 sales of industrial machinery of (Yen)51,231 million
represented an increase of 6.8% over sales of (Yen)47,967 million in fiscal
1997. This sales growth was due primarily to strong sales of Komatsu's modular
presses, including the sale of the world's largest (5,600 ton) modular press to
General Motors' Brazilian plant, and a large number of sales of crankshaft
millers to the automobile industry. Sales in Japan decreased 23.6%, to
(Yen)23,549 million (US$200 million), in fiscal 1999 from (Yen)30,836 million in
fiscal 1998, and sales outside Japan decreased 6.2% to (Yen)19,127 million
(US$162 million). Industrial machinery comprised 4.0% of sales of Komatsu's
fiscal 1999 sales, compared to 4.7% in the previous fiscal year and 4.4% in
fiscal 1997.
Operating income (loss) from the industrial machinery segment for fiscal
1999 totaled an operating loss of (Yen)1,961 million (US$17 million), compared
to operating income of (Yen)88 million in fiscal 1998 and (Yen)62 million in
fiscal 1997.
Civil Engineering and Construction. In the Japanese market, sales for
Komatsu's civil engineering and construction operations decreased 18.8% to
(Yen)77,020 million (US$653 million) in fiscal 1999 from (Yen)94,889 million in
fiscal 1998, which in turn represented a 4.9% decrease from (Yen)99,801 million
in fiscal 1997. The reduction was due to stagnant market conditions in Japan
reflecting sharp declines in private-sector construction and housing investment
during both fiscal 1998 and fiscal 1999. Civil engineering and construction
amounted to 7.2% of sales of Komatsu in fiscal 1999, compared to 8.6% in the
previous fiscal year.
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Komatsu Construction, the major business unit of Komatsu's civil
engineering and construction operations, had sales of (Yen)64,679 million
(US$548 million) for fiscal 1999, down 12.9% over (Yen)74,244 million in fiscal
1998.
Sales of Komatsu House, which is engaged in the sale of commercial-use
prefabricated buildings, decreased 23.4% to (Yen)18,274 million (US$155 million)
in fiscal 1999 from the level of the previous fiscal year.
Operating income (loss) from the civil engineering and construction segment
for fiscal 1999 amounted to an operating loss of (Yen)2,984 million (US$25
million) due primarily to a lump sum write off of delinquent receivables. In
fiscal 1998 operating income decreased 0.9% to (Yen)338 million from (Yen)341
million in fiscal 1997.
Other Operations. Fiscal 1999 sales from Komatsu's other operations
declined 5.8% to (Yen)124,216 million (US$1,053 million) from (Yen)131,817
million in fiscal 1998. Sales of diesel engines, steel and iron castings and
logistics services decreased.
Sales of Komatsu Logistics Corp. decreased 17.4% to (Yen)37,798 million
(US$320 million) in fiscal 1999, reflecting decreased sales Komatsu, owing to
reduced production of construction and other equipment.
Sales of Komatsu Soft decreased 5.9% to (Yen)20,860 million (US$177
million) for fiscal 1999.
Operating income from other operating segments for fiscal 1999 decreased
76.9% compared to the previous fiscal year to (Yen)1,133 million (US$10 million)
due to decreased sales of products such as diesel engines and logistics packages
due to a stagnant domestic market for construction equipment. In fiscal 1998
operating income decreased by 35.7% to (Yen)4,907 million from (Yen)7,627
million in fiscal 1997.
Performance by Region
Japan. Net sales to customers in Japan decreased 13.5% from (Yen)605,901
million in fiscal 1998 to (Yen)523,946 million (US$4,440 million) in fiscal
1999. Operating income (loss) for Komatsu's operations in Japan fell from
(Yen)27,650 million in fiscal 1998 to a loss of (Yen)10,052 million (US$85
million) in fiscal 1999. The decrease in sales resulted in large part from the
sluggish Japanese economy and the decrease in operating income resulted from
reduced sales. Compared to fiscal 1997, net sales to customers in Japan and
operating income recorded by Komatsu's operations in Japan in fiscal 1998
decreased by 11.9% (from (Yen)687,459 million) and 41.1% (from (Yen)46,936
million), respectively.
Asia (Excluding Japan) and Oceania. Net sales to customers in the rest of
Asia and Oceania decreased 11.6% to (Yen)96,853 million (US$821 million) in
fiscal 1999 compared to (Yen)109,572 million in fiscal 1998. Net sales in
fiscal 1998 decreased 13.6% from (Yen)126,812 million in fiscal 1997. The
decrease in net sales in fiscal 1999 and 1998 was due to reduced market demand
in Asia for Komatsu's products. Net sales to customers in Asia (excluding
Japan) and Oceania comprised 9.1% of Komatsu's worldwide net sales in fiscal
1999, which represented a decrease from 9.9% in fiscal 1998 which represented a
decrease from 11.5% in fiscal 1997.
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Americas. Net sales to customers in North America, Central America and
South America, increased 17.9% in fiscal 1999 to (Yen)272,091 million (US$2,306
million) from (Yen)230,824 million in fiscal 1998. Fiscal 1998 net sales
increased 35.2% over net sales of (Yen)170,683 million in fiscal 1997. The
increase in net sales in fiscal 1999 and 1998 was due, among other factors, to
increased sales in this region by KA of medium-sized hydraulic excavators and
wheel loaders. North American, Central American and South American net sales
accounted for 25.6% of Komatsu's net sales worldwide in fiscal 1999, up from
20.9% in fiscal 1998 and 15.5% in fiscal 1997. In general, Komatsu increases
production volume of its products to meet increased market demand for such
products. Balancing the goals of maximizing revenues and profits with the goal
of increasing market share of its products, Komatsu has gradually raised the
price of its products in response to increased demand for such products.
Operating income generated by Komatsu's operations in the Americas
decreased 46.0% during fiscal 1999 to (Yen)7,594 million (US$64 million) from
(Yen)14,064 million in fiscal 1998 due to the substantial operating losses of
KSA and ASiMI. Compared to fiscal 1997, operating income recorded in fiscal
1998 increased by 51.3% from (Yen)9,298 million.
Europe. Net sales to customers in Europe in fiscal 1999 increased 5.2% to
(Yen)119,270 million (US$1,011 million) from (Yen)113,427 million in fiscal
1998, which in turn represented an increase of 30.3% over (Yen)87,047 million in
fiscal 1997. Increased sales in fiscal 1999 and 1998 were due primarily to
increased sales of hydraulic excavators, wheel loaders and utility equipment.
Net sales to customers in Europe comprised 11.2% of Komatsu's net sales
worldwide in fiscal 1999, up from 10.3% in fiscal 1998 and 7.9% in fiscal 1997.
In fiscal 1999, operating income from Komatsu's operations in Europe
increased to (Yen)9,253 million (US$78 million) from (Yen)4,390 million in
fiscal 1998. Compared to fiscal 1997, operating income recorded in fiscal 1998
increased by (Yen)4,048 million from (Yen)342 million.
Middle East and Africa. In the Middle East and Africa, Komatsu's net sales
increased 11.5% to (Yen)49,437 million (US$419 million) in fiscal 1999 compared
to (Yen)44,353 million in fiscal 1998, which in turn represented an 64.8%
increase from net sales of (Yen)26,915 million in fiscal 1997. Komatsu's sales
growth in the region was led by significant increases in sales of large
bulldozers in the Middle East and Africa. In fiscal 1999, net sales to
customers in the Middle East and Africa comprised 4.7% of Komatsu's net sales
worldwide in fiscal 1999, up from 4.0% in fiscal 1998 and 2.4% in fiscal 1997.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash and cash equivalents at March 31, 1999 were (Yen)87,301 million
(US$740 million), a decrease of (Yen)21,961 million from the previous fiscal
year end. Net cash provided by operating activities was (Yen)34,346 million
(US$291 million) for fiscal 1999, a decline of (Yen)33,100 million from the
previous fiscal year.
Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal 1999 decreased to
(Yen)64,003 million (US$542 million) from (Yen)88,285 million in fiscal 1998.
This decrease was principally due to a decrease in time deposits of (Yen)26,198
million (US$222 million) during fiscal 1999 compared to fiscal 1998. Net cash
provided by financing activities decreased to (Yen)6,614 million (US$56 million)
in fiscal 1999, a decrease of (Yen)35,781 million over (Yen)42,395 million
provided by financing activities in fiscal 1998. Such decrease was principally
attributable to a decrease in
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short term indebtedness of (Yen)93,493 million (US$792 million) during fiscal
1999 compared to fiscal 1998.
Working capital at March 31, 1999 increased 20.7% from the previous fiscal
year, to (Yen)256,039 million (US$2,170 million), due mainly to reduced short-
term debt.
The current ratio (current assets divided by current liabilities) for
fiscal 1999 increased 12.7% from the previous fiscal year, to 142.1%, compared
with a 3.5% decrease in fiscal 1998.
Capital expenditures in fiscal 1999 decreased 6.6% over the previous fiscal
year, to (Yen)114,874 million (US$974 million), consisting mainly of investments
in the electronics business and the rationalization of production facilities.
Capital expenditures in fiscal 1998 increased 74.2% over the amount in fiscal
1997. Commitments for capital expenditures outstanding as of March 31, 1999,
totaled approximately (Yen)2,123 million (US$18 million). At the beginning of
fiscal 1999, Komatsu projected approximately (Yen)54,000 million in capital
expenditures during fiscal 2000, with less than 30% of such capital expenditures
to be devoted to the electronics segment, compared to 53.8% of total capital
expenditures to be devoted to the electronics business during fiscal 1999 and
64.7% during fiscal 1998.
In the construction and mining equipment segment, which is a mature
industry, Komatsu has already developed worldwide production and distribution
capabilities. Accordingly, Komatsu does not anticipate that it would need to
incur significant capital expenditures or other investments to expand its
production in this segment.
At March 31, 1999, Komatsu had a cash balance of (Yen)87,301 million
(US$740 million). At that date, Komatsu's consolidated total debt was
(Yen)565,239 million (US$4,790 million), (Yen)272,989 million (US$2,313 million)
of which was short-term debt (including current portions of long-term debt). As
of March 31, 1999, (Yen)37,605 million of Komatsu's long-term debt was scheduled
to mature in fiscal 2000, (Yen)64,196 million in fiscal 2001, and (Yen)228,054
million in fiscal 2002 and thereafter.
Komatsu intends to meet its future capital expenditure, debt service and
working capital requirements from cash flow from operations; borrowings,
including under new lines of credit; securitization of accounts receivable;
sales of real property; and capital markets funding, including commercial paper.
Komatsu has implemented an accounts receivable securitization program and
such securitizations are expected to become an important source of funds for
Komatsu in the future. As of March 31, 1999, Komatsu had securitized accounts
receivable totaling (Yen)63,714 million (US$540 million) (or 14.6% of total
accounts receivable at that date). Of this amount, (Yen)23,219 million related
to receivables generated by Komatsu's Japanese operations and (Yen)40,495
million related to receivables generated by Komatsu's North American operations.
As of March 31, 1998, Komatsu had securitized accounts receivable totaling
(Yen)65,670 million (or 13.4% of total accounts receivable at that date). Of
this amount, (Yen)23,420 million related to receivables generated by Komatsu's
Japanese operations and (Yen)42,250 million related to receivables generated by
Komatsu's North American operations.
Komatsu has recently begun implementing a plan to dispose of its idle real
property. Komatsu entered into an agreement to sell certain real property in
Osaka, Japan for (Yen)26,000 million. The Company expects the proceeds of the
sale of the Osaka property to be received
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in installments of (Yen)2,600 million in fiscal 1999 and (Yen)23,400 million in
fiscal 2000. The Company has also contracted for the sale of real property owned
by Komatsu in Machida, Japan for (Yen)9,000 million. The sale of the Machida
property is expected to generate revenue of (Yen)3,800 million in fiscal 1999
and (Yen)4,300 million in fiscal 2000.
As of July 31, 1999, the Company had outstanding (Yen)8,000 million of
commercial paper issued under its (Yen)50,000 million commercial paper program,
scheduled to mature on various dates in September 1999. As of March 31, 1999,
KEM had outstanding (Yen)7,000 million of commercial paper issued under its
(Yen)10,000 million commercial paper program, which matured in April 1999. As of
July 31, 1999, Komatsu Finance America Inc. ("KFA") had outstanding US$153
million of commercial paper issued under its US$600 million commercial paper
program (the "CP Program") and US$881 million of notes issued under its US$1,200
million Euro Medium Term Note Program ("EMTN Program"). Under EMTN Program, the
Company, KFA and Komatsu Finance (Netherlands) B.V. ("KFN") may from time to
time issue notes denominated in any currency. The commercial paper issued under
the CP Program have scheduled maturities during August, September and December
of 1999 and January and March of 2000 and the notes issued under the EMTN
Program are scheduled to mature on various dates through November 2008. As of
July 31, 1999, Komatsu Europe Coordination Center N.V. had outstanding EUR69
million of commercial paper issued under its EUR150 million commercial paper
program, which have scheduled maturities during August, September, October and
November of 1999 and January of 2000. As of July 31, 1999, KFN had EUR30
million of notes issued under its EMTN program, which are scheduled to mature on
various dates through April 2004.
In December 1998, KFA issued US$188 million of senior notes, of which
US$117 million is scheduled to mature in December 2003 and US$71 million is
scheduled to mature in December 2005. KFA used the net proceeds from the sale
of the notes for working capital and other general corporate purposes of KFA and
its U.S. affiliates (including, without limitation, the repayment of certain
short-term indebtedness.)
In March 1999, the Company issued (Yen)35,000 million of unsecured bonds,
scheduled to mature in March 2006. The Company used the net proceeds from the
sale of the bonds for an acquisition of KSA, previously a wholly owned
subsidiary of KEM, and additional investment in KSA and ASiMI. They repaid bank
loans using the paid-in capital.
Dividend Policy
The Company has sought to develop a sound and stable financial culture.
With regard to shareholder dividends, the Company traditionally has followed a
basic policy of stable dividend payment. However, from now on, the Company will
emphasize returns on shareholders' equity while striving to secure internal
funds for reinvestment. Thus, the Company expects the payout ratios to range
from about 40 to 60 percent, with 50 percent as a median. There can be no
assurance, however, that actual dividend payments will match these forecasted
levels.
In fiscal 1999, the Company achieved a surplus on a non-consolidated basis
although it was far below the last fiscal year's profit level. Thus, the
Company plans to reduce its year-end dividend for fiscal 1999 to (Yen)3 (annual
dividend to be (Yen)7 per share). In effect, this dividend reduction will
translate to a payout ratio of 311.8% for fiscal 1999, which will be funded by
the disposition of reserve for dividend.
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While the Company has engaged in substantial restructuring efforts, given
the prevailing economic conditions, the Company is likely to experience
continued uncertainty in the next fiscal year. Considering such an outlook, the
Company forecasts the interim and year-end dividends for fiscal 2000 to be
(Yen)3 per share and (Yen)6 per share, respectively.
In fiscal 1997 and 1998, the Company implemented acquisition and writeoff
of its outstanding common shares. In its endeavor to increase returns on
shareholders' equity, the Company will continue to take such actions on a
continual in the years ahead, taking into account stock market trends, cash
flows and other relevant financial conditions.
Environmental Policy
As Japan's top manufacturer and an international leader in construction and
mining equipment, the Company is aware of its social responsibility toward the
environment. Komatsu regards the protection of the environment as an important
goal of business and seeks to lead the industry in setting environmental
protection standards.
Energy Saving
The Company is working to reduce energy consumption at its plants by 15%
from the 1990 level by the end of March 2011, which would surpass the rate of
10% set by the Japan Construction Equipment Manufacturers Association. As of
the end of March 1999, the Company attained a reduction of approximately 10%
from 1990 levels.
Protecting the Ozone Layer
The Company had virtually discontinued use of ozone-depleting chemicals by
the end of March 1993, and completely discontinued their use by the end of March
1996.
Efficient Use of Resources
The Company plans to reduce industrial waste to near-zero levels by the end
of March 2011. As of the end of March 1999, the Company had reduced levels by
55%.
Soil and Underground Water Pollution Prevention Measures
By the end of March 1997, the Company had completely discontinued the use
of organic chlorine-based solvents.
In its life cycle assessment (LCA) of its construction equipment, the
Company focuses on the following four goals: curbing owning and operating (O&O)
costs, reducing CO\2\ emissions, cutting toxic matter and improving
recyclability.
In the area of recyclability, its PC200-6 hydraulic excavators and WA100-3
wheel loaders currently stand at 81% and 92%, respectively. For all its
construction equipment, Komatsu is working to improve this percentage to over
97% in 2005 and 99.5% in 2010.
The Company has made a priority of promoting the recycling of rubber shoes
for the undercarriage, as well as recycling of oil filters, used oil, batteries,
hoses, antifreeze and sludge from the cleaning of equipment.
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The Company has also been working to promote remanufacturing of components
through design modifications and advances in engineering technologies.
The Company committed to reducing CO\\2\\ emissions from its diesel
engines. The Company will strive to reduce emissions by 5% in 2005 and 10% in
2010 from the 1998 level.
In January 1998, the Company teamed up with Cummins, the world's top
manufacturer of engines, to establish IPA at the Company's Oyama Plant. IPA is
engaged specifically in the research and development of next-generation diesel
engines with reduced CO\\2\\ emissions, enhanced cost competitiveness and
durability, and low noise. As a partner and international engine development
center to both Cummins and the Company, IPA is poised to be a leader in next-
generation engines.
Year 2000 Readiness Disclosure
Management Commitment
The Y2K issue is a top priority of management. The Company instituted a
Companywide program in late 1996, and has supported its subsidiaries, affiliated
companies and suppliers in their efforts to deal with the issue.
Progress
The Information Systems Division at Tokyo Head Office, charged with
managing Komatsu's response to the Y2K issue, initiated an investigation into
the problem in late 1996. The results have been reported to the management
every two months.
The first phase of the program, which began in April 1997 in collaboration
with Komatsu Soft, involved evaluation and remediation of systems in Japan
relating to core functions of the Company such as production, sales and
services, and finance and accounting. This phase was essentially completed in
March 1998. Action taken to evaluate and remedy other systems was completed in
June 1999.
Komatsu companies in Europe, the United States and Brazil have completed
Y2K preparation in the course of replacing their local systems with new
enterprise resource planning (ERP) software as part of Komatsu's global
information technology (IT) strategy.
Komatsu ran most of its comprehensive tests in August 1999 to verify
whether its systems will function normally after December 31, 1999.
Komatsu recognizes the risk that external computers of third parties, such
as suppliers and financial institutions, connected to Komatsu systems may fail
to adequately address Y2K issues. Therefore, Komatsu is also monitoring the Y2K
activities of such parties.
The Company has also undertaken the upgrading of the microcomputers and
built-in-software programs found in its plants and equipment. This process is
near completion and no major problems have been found.
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Products
Komatsu has completed its evaluation of the vulnerability of the
microcomputers and software programs incorporated into its products, and has
found virtually all products to be free of any Y2K-related problem. Certain
relatively minor problems, such as failure to display dates accurately, have
been detected; however, such problems appear to have no serious impact on the
quality and performance of the products involved. In response to these minor
problems, the Sales Division is taking appropriate action, including providing
precautionary information to customers.
The Company has been disclosing Y2K-related information on its web site and
the relevant departments have been responding swiftly to customer inquiries.
Expenditure
For its Y2K project, Komatsu projects a total expenditure of (Yen)6.0
billion (US$51 million), consisting of (Yen)5.5 billion (US$47 million) by the
end of March 1999 and an additional (Yen)500 million (US$4 million) by the end
of March 2000. Komatsu does not expect this expenditure to have material impact
on its future business performance or cash flows.
As of April 1997, the Company had exhaustively tested approximately 36,000
programs that had been used in the previous 13 months to identify potential
problems for operations in Japan. Although the Company and Komatsu Soft
developed and ran original software for this testing process, each program was
also tested individually by staff.
Crisis Management
In February 1999, the Company established the Y2K Crisis Management
Committee to enhance Komatsu's organizational ability to react quickly and
efficiently to Y2K emergencies.
The above statement concerning the Year 2000 Readiness Disclosure does not
constitute a statement of warranty and may not be interpreted to expand any
warranty provided with any Komatsu product.
Financial Review
----------------
Attached hereto and incorporated in full by reference are pages 34, 35, 36,
37, 38 and 39 of the Company's 1999 Annual Report to Shareholders pertaining to
"Financial Review", which pages comprise part of the Consolidated Financial
Statements attached hereto.
Item 9A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
----------------------------------------------------------
Market Risk Exposure
Komatsu is exposed to market risk primarily from changes in foreign
currency rates and interest rates with respect to international operations and
foreign currency denominated credits and debts. In order to manage these risks
that arise in the normal course of business, Komatsu enters into various hedging
transactions pursuant to its policies and procedures. Komatsu does not hold or
issue derivative financial instruments for non-hedging or speculation purposes.
43
<PAGE>
Komatsu is exposed to risk of credit-related losses in the event of
nonperformance by counterparties to derivative financial instruments. However,
because of the counterparties' high credit ratings, none are expected to default
on their obligations.
Foreign Exchange Risk
To reduce foreign exchange risks relating to foreign currency denominated
assets and liabilities, Komatsu executes forward exchange contracts ranging from
50% to 100% based on its projection of use of time deposits in foreign
currencies. Furthermore, to reduce foreign exchange risks in relation to medium-
term and long-term foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities and to
fix related costs, Komatsu has executed such forward contracts for a portion of
its bonds and loans.
The following table provides information concerning derivative financial
instruments of Komatsu in relation to foreign currency exchange transactions
existing as of March 31, 1999, which are translated into yen at the rate used on
that date, together with the related weighted average contractual exchange rates
as of March 31, 1999.
44
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Millions of yen
(except average contractual rates)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Forwards to sell foreign currencies: US$/Yen DM/GBP DM/BFr EUR/Yen Others Total
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Contract amounts (Yen)19,370 (Yen)11,922 (Yen)6,754 (Yen)3,442 (Yen)9,175 (Yen)50,663
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Average contractual rates 115.32 0.36 20.63 129.47
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Forwards to buy foreign currencies: Yen/A$ DM/GBP DM/FFr US$/A$ Others Total
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Contract amounts (Yen)3,395 (Yen)3,104 (Yen)1,801 (Yen)1,145 (Yen)1,134 (Yen)10,579
Average contractual rates 0.01 0.36 3.35 1.57
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thousands of U.S. dollars
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Forwards to sell foreign currencies: US$/Yen DM/GBP DM/BFr EUR/Yen Others Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Contract amounts $164,153 $101,034 $57,237 $29,169 $77,754 $429,347
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Forwards to buy foreign currencies: Yen/A$ DM/GBP DM/FFr US$/A$ Others Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Contract amounts $ 28,771 $ 26,305 $15,263 $ 9,703 $ 9,611 $ 89,653
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
Interest Rate Risk
To reduce risks and hedge the cash flow, Komatsu engages in interest rate
swaps and cap option transactions for payment of certain floating rate
liabilities.
The tables on the following page provide information concerning derivatives
and other financial instruments of Komatsu that are sensitive to changes in
interest rates, mainly including interest rate swaps and debt obligations. For
debt obligations, the table presents principal cash flows and related weighted
average interest rates by expected maturity dates. For interest rate and cross-
currency swaps, the tables on the following page present notional amounts and
weighted average receive and pay interest rates. As of March 31, 1999, the
notional amount of interest cap transactions is (Yen)58,217 million (US$493
million) and the average strike rate is 6.30%, respectively.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Millions of yen
Long-term debt (including due within one year)
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average Expected maturity date
Interest ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
rate Total 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Thereafter
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
U.S. dollar bonds 7.37% (Yen)25,694 (Yen)3,942 (Yen) -- (Yen) -- (Yen) -- (Yen)13,537 (Yen)8,215
Japanese yen convertible 1.86% 60,741 -- -- -- -- 25,741 35,000
debentures/debentured bonds
Euro medium-term notes 1.30% 82,984 11,424 43,107 14,059 3,153 2,355 8,886
Loans, principally from banks 3.72% 160,436 22,239 21,089 18,660 15,561 29,596 53,291
Total (Yen)329,855 (Yen)37,605 (Yen)64,196 (Yen)32,719 (Yen)18,714 (Yen)71,229 (Yen)105,392
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
45
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Millions of yen
Interest rate and cross-currency swaps
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average
Interest rate Expected maturity date
------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Receive Pay Total 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Thereafter
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Japanese yen 2.21% 2.68% (Yen)7,288 (Yen)2,139 (Yen)306 (Yen)1,006 (Yen)2,306 (Yen)366 (Yen)1,165
interest rate swap
U.S. dollar 5.23% 5.47% 58,417 6,368 3,305 13,043 34,731 -- 970
interest rate swap
Australia dollar 8.28% 4.74% 2,270 757 1,513 -- -- -- --
interest rate swap
Japanese yen 5.82% 5.01% 2,200 -- -- -- -- 2,000 200
cross-currency
swap
U.S. dollar 1.50% 5.52% 96,061 26,723 43,106 12,765 3,153 1,428 8,886
cross-currency
swap
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total (Yen)166,236 (Yen)35,987 (Yen)48,230 (Yen)26,814 (Yen)40,190 (Yen)3,794 (Yen)11,221
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of U.S. dollars
Long-term debt (including due within one year)
- - -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Expected maturity date
--------------------------------------------------------------
Average
Interest
rate Total 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Thereafter
- - -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
U.S. dollar bonds 7.37% $ 217,746 $ 33,407 $ -- $ -- $ -- $114,720 $ 69,619
Japanese yen 1.86% 514,754 -- -- -- -- 218,144 296,610
convertible
debentures/debentured
bonds
Euro medium-term notes 1.30% 703,254 96,814 365,314 119,144 26,720 19,958 75,304
Loans, principally 3.72% 1,359,627 188,465 178,720 158,136 131,873 250,814 451,619
from banks
- - -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total $2,795,381 $318,686 $544,034 $277,280 $158,593 $603,636 $893,152
- - -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
46
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of U.S. dollars
Interest rate and cross-currency swaps
- - -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average
interest rate Expected maturity date
-------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------
Receive Pay Total 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Thereafter
- - -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Japanese yen 2.21% 2.68% $ 61,763 $ 18,127 $ 2,593 $ 8,525 $ 19,542 $ 3,102 $ 9,874
interest rate
swap
U.S. dollar 5.23% 5.47% 495,059 53,966 28,008 110,534 294,331 -- 8,220
interest rate
swap
Australia dollar 8.28% 4.74% 19,237 6,415 12,822 -- -- -- --
interest rate
swap
Japanese yen 5.82% 5.01% 18,644 -- -- -- -- 16,949 1,695
cross-currency
swap
U.S. dollar 1.50% 5.52% 814,077 226,466 365,305 108,178 26,721 12,102 75,305
cross-currency
swap
- - -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total $ 1,408,780 $304,974 $408,728 $227,237 $340,594 $32,153 $95,094
- - -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
Southeast Asian Economic Crisis
During the last fiscal year, the countries of Southeast Asia continued to
be affected by the instability of their currencies and interest rates. The
Company has sales and manufacturing affiliates and subsidiaries in the region.
While these companies experienced adverse effects in production and sales as the
direct result of reduced market demand, such effects were not significant enough
to affect the consolidated business results of the companies.
Euro Conversion
On January 1, 1999, 11 of 15 member countries of the European Union
established fixed conversion rates between their existing currencies (the
"legacy currencies") and adopted the euro as their new common currency. The
euro trades on currency exchanges and the legacy currencies remain legal tender
in the participating countries for a transition period until January 1, 2002.
Beginning on January 1, 2002, euro denominated bills and coins will be issued
and legacy currencies will be withdrawn from circulation.
The introduction of the euro has increased the pace of price harmonization
throughout Europe. Komatsu is analyzing its pricing strategy to minimize any
potential risk of this pricing harmonization.
The introduction of the euro reduces Komatsu's exposure to changes in
multiple foreign exchange rates, as assets and liabilities previously
denominated in legacy currencies are now denominated in a single currency.
Komatsu believes that the euro conversion will not have an adverse material
impact on its financial position or results of operations.
47
<PAGE>
Item 10. Directors and Officers of Registrant
------------------------------------
All Directors and Statutory Auditors are elected by a general meeting of
shareholders to serve terms of approximately two years and three years,
respectively, the statutory maximum. However, a Director or a Statutory Auditor
may serve any number of consecutive terms.
The Board of Directors elects from its members a number of Representative
Directors, who have the power severally to represent the Company in all matters
and from among them elects a President. At its discretion, the Board of
Directors may also elect a Chairman, Executive Vice Presidents, Executive
Managing Directors and Managing Directors from among its members. At the
present time, the President and Executive Vice Presidents are Representative
Directors.
The Statutory Auditors of the Company are not required to be, and are not,
certified public accountants. Each Statutory Auditor audits the performance of
duties of Directors, may at any time request the directors to report on the
business activities of the Company and may investigate the business as well as
the financial situation of the Company. Certain powers are provided under the
Commercial Code of Japan to enable the Statutory Auditors to carry out these
functions. Further, each Statutory Auditor continues to perform the function of
examining the annual financial documents and the rendering of an opinion thereon
for the general meeting of shareholders. The Statutory Auditors may not at the
same time be Directors, managers or employees of the Company or of any of its
subsidiaries.
Set forth below are the names of the Company's Directors and Statutory
Auditors (who constituted the Directors and Statutory Auditors as of June 29,
1999), their positions and offices with the Company and the dates when they
assumed such positions.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Name Current Positions Date of Office
with the Company
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Tetsuya Katada Chairman of the Board Mar. 1978 Director
Mar. 1983 Managing Director
Mar. 1987 Executive Managing Director
Jun. 1988 Executive Vice President
Jun. 1988 Rep. Director
Jun. 1989 President (Rep. Director)
Jun. 1995 Chairman of the Board
(Rep.Director)
Jun. 1999 Chairman of the Board
Satoru Anzaki President (Representative Mar. 1985 Director
Director) Nov. 1988 Managing Director
Jun. 1991 Executive Managing Director
Jun. 1995 President
Jun. 1995 Rep. Director
</TABLE>
48
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Masahiro Sakane Executive Vice President Jun. 1989 Director
(Representative Director) Jun. 1994 Managing Director
Jun. 1997 Executive Managing Director
Jun. 1999 Executive Vice President
Jun. 1999 Rep. Director
Toshitaka Hagiwara Executive Vice President Jun. 1990 Director
(Representative Director) Jun. 1995 Managing Director
Jun. 1997 Executive Managing Director
Jun. 1999 Executive Vice President
Jun. 1999 Rep. Director
Koji Ogaki Executive Managing Director Jun. 1991 Director
Jun. 1996 Managing Director
Jun. 1999 Executive Managing Director
Norimichi Kitagawa Executive Managing Director Jun. 1993 Director
Jun. 1997 Managing Director
Jun. 1999 Executive Managing Director
Arlie G. Tucker Director Jun. 1997 Director
Toshio Morikawa Director Jun. 1999 Director
Toshiro Nakaya Statutory Auditor Mar. 1987 Director
Jun. 1989 Managing Director
Jun. 1993 Executive Managing Director
Jun. 1996 Statutory Auditor
Hiroyuki Watanabe Statutory Auditor Jun. 1997 Statutory Auditor
Masahiro Yoshiike Statutory Auditor Jun. 1997 Statutory Auditor
Takaharu Dohi Statutory Auditor Jun. 1999 Statutory Auditor
</TABLE>
There are no family relationships between any Director or Statutory Auditor
and any other Director or Statutory Auditor of the Company.
In order to strengthen its corporate governance as a global enterprise and
facilitate response to the changing business environment, the Company has
reorganized its management as follows:
1. Stronger Board of Directors
o To facilitate efficient deliberation and quick decision-making, the
members of Board were reduced from the current 26 to 8. The management
decision-making and supervisory functions were separated from the
executive functions.
49
<PAGE>
o New external board directors were appointed in order to strengthen the
transparency and objectivity of management.
2. Introduction of Executive Officer System
o A total of 22 Executive Officers were appointed out of the Company's
operating and functional divisions, with five of them concurrently
assuming directorship.
o Executive Officers were given clearly defined responsibilities.
3. Introduction of the Global Officer System
o In order to strengthen global management, a total of 18 Global Officers
were appointed from among the leaders of key subsidiaries.
o Global Officers will participate in a global meeting once or twice a year
to formulate policies for Komatsu's businesses.
4. Establishment of Committee on Reward
o The Company plans to establish an advisory Committee on Reward, which will
include external members, in order to ensure transparency, validity and
objectivity of executive rewards.
o The committee will make recommendations to the Board of Directors
regarding policies for rewards, including levels of awards and performance
evaluations of directors and officers.
o Membership will be based initially on the current Stock Option Committee
and will include internal personnel, representatives of shareholders,
external auditors, consultants and licensed attorneys.
Item 11. Compensation of Directors and Officers
--------------------------------------
Aggregate Compensation
- - ----------------------
The aggregate compensation, including bonuses but excluding retirement
allowances, paid by the Company in fiscal 1999, to all Directors and Statutory
Auditors as a group for services in all capacities was (Yen)708 million.
Bonuses
- - -------
In accordance with customary Japanese business practices, annual bonuses
are paid to Directors and Statutory Auditors of the Company out of the "profit"
of the Company available for dividends, as such "profit" is determined in
accordance with the Japanese Commercial Code. Such bonuses are approved by the
shareholders of the Company at a meeting thereof customarily held in June each
year. Bonuses so paid are not deductible by the Company for tax purposes and for
financial reporting purposes are not reported under selling, general and
administrative expenses as a charge against income for the year in which paid.
Included in the figure for aggregate compensation set forth above is a total of
(Yen)95 million in bonuses paid to Directors and Statutory Auditors as a group
in their capacities as such (excluding bonuses for their services as employees)
in respect of the 1998 fiscal year as approved by the Company's Shareholders at
the General Meeting of Shareholders held on June 26, 1998.
50
<PAGE>
Retirement Allowance
- - --------------------
The Company has a severance payment plan for directors and statutory
auditors. The plan provides for lump-sum severance payments based on pertinent
rules of the Company. The amount of the provision made for such severance
payments, as charged to operating income, for the year ended March 31, 1999 was
(Yen)230 million.
Item 12. Options to Purchase Securities from Registrant or Subsidiaries
--------------------------------------------------------------
On June 29, 1999, the shareholders of the Company authorized the
acquisition by the Company of 1,200,000 shares of its common stock, for a total
consideration of up to (Yen)1,200 million (US$10 million), through the period
ending on the date of the Company's next annual general meeting of shareholders.
The Company intends to transfer such treasury shares to Directors and certain
employees under agreements granting the Directors or such employees the right to
acquire a certain number of the treasury shares at a contractually fixed price.
The purchase price will be equal to the amount obtained by multiplying by 1.05
the average of the closing prices applicable to ordinary transactions of shares
of the Company on the Tokyo Stock Exchange during the month immediately
preceding the month in which the date of grant of the rights occurs; provided
that the exercise price shall not be less than the closing price of shares of
the Company on the Tokyo Stock Exchange at the date of the grant. According to
the agreement, the option price is (Yen)700 per share and the option exercise
period is from July 1, 2000 to June 30, 2005.
The following table sets forth the number of shares of the Company's common
stock allocated to each of the Company's directors under the Company's stock
option plan.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Number of Number of
--------- ---------
Name shares Name shares
---- ------ ---- ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Tetsuya Katada 80,000 Satoru Anzaki 80,000
Masahiro Sakane 70,000 Toshitaka Hagiwara 70,000
Koji Ogaki 60,000 Norimichi Kitagawa 60,000
Toshio Morikawa 20,000 Arlie G. Tucker 20,000
</TABLE>
Item 13. Interest of Management in Certain Transactions
----------------------------------------------
None
51
<PAGE>
PART II
Item 14. Description of Securities to be Registered
------------------------------------------
Not applicable.
PART III
Item 15. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
-------------------------------
None
Item 16. Changes in Securities and Changes in Security for Registered
------------------------------------------------------------
Securities and Use of Proceeds
------------------------------
(a) Not applicable.
(b) Not applicable.
(c) Not applicable.
(d) Not applicable.
PART IV
Item 17. Financial Statements
--------------------
Not applicable.
Item 18. Financial Statements
--------------------
See Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedules attached hereto.
Item 19. Financial Statements and Exhibits
---------------------------------
(a) See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedules attached
hereto.
(b) None.
52
<PAGE>
S I G N A T U R E S
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, the registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for
filing on Form 20-F and has duly caused this annual report to be signed on its
behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
KOMATSU LTD.
-------------------------
(Registrant)
By: /s/ Masaru Fukase
-----------------------
Masaru Fukase
Senior Executive Officer
Date: September 10, 1999
53
<PAGE>
KOMATSU LTD.
==============
CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULES
FOR THE YEARS ENDED MARCH 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PREPARED FOR FILING AS PART OF
ANNUAL REPORT (FORM 20-F)
TO THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
* * * * * * * * * *
<PAGE>
KOMATSU LTD. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Page in
Shareholders
Report
----------------
<S> <C>
Consolidated Financial Statements and Report of Independent
Public Accountants Included in the Company's Financial Report
to Shareholders for the Year Ended March 31, 1999
Attached Hereto and Incorporated Herein by Reference:
Consolidated Balance Sheets, March 31, 1999 and 1998..................... 42 and 43
Consolidated Statements of Income for the
Years Ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997............................. 44
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the
Years Ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997............................. 45
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the
Years Ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997............................. 46
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements............................... 47 to 67
Report of Independent Public Accountants................................. 68
</TABLE>
A-1
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Page in
Annual Report
(Form 20-F)
----------------
<S> <C>
Supplemental Information to Conform with Regulation S-X:
Supplemental Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
to Conform with Regulation S-X ................................ A-1 to A-3
Schedule for the Years Ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997:
II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts ...................... A-4
(Note - Schedules other than one listed above are omitted
because of the absence of the conditions under
which they are required or because the information
called for is included in the consolidated financial
statements or notes thereto.)
Report of Independent Public Accountants .............................. B-1 and B-2
</TABLE>
A-2
<PAGE>
Financial Review
Return on Net Sales
(%)
[GRAPHIC]
R&D Expenses as a
Percentage of Net Sales
(%)
[GRAPHIC]
Capital Expenditures
as a Percentage of
Net Sales
(%)
[GRAPHIC]
Sales
Net sales for fiscal 1999, ended March 31, 1999, decreased 3.8% from the
previous year, to (yen)1,061,597 million (US$8,997 million at US$1=(yen)118).
Although sales in Japan dipped 13.5 %, to (yen)523,946 million (US$4,440
million), overseas sales advanced 7.9%, to (yen)537,651 million (US$4,556
million). As a result, the ratio of overseas sales to consolidated net sales for
the year rose from 45.1% in the previous year, to 50.6%.
Domestic demand for construction and mining equipment suffered a setback,
owing primarily to the adverse effect of a dwindling market in Japan, while the
market in Southeast Asia and the global mining equipment market remained
extremely difficult. Despite such an environment, continued globalization of
business deployment produced positive results, leading to a substantial sales
gain in the United States and Europe. This resulted in an increase of 1.3% in
the construction and mining equipment business, to (yen)731,077 million
(US$6,196 million).
In the electronics business, shipment of mass-produced Excimer lasers
commenced during the year, while sales of peripheral LAN equipment also remained
robust. However, the silicon wafer business was hit by a reduction in global
demand and marked declines in product prices, mainly attributable to sluggish
semiconductor markets. Demand for polycrystalline silicon as the material for
silicon wafers was also lackluster. Fiscal 1999 sales in the electronics
business slumped 16.9%, to (yen)86,608 million (US$734 million).
The civil engineering and construction business also encountered extremely
severe market conditions as the private sector remained listless, despite an
upturn generated by government stimulus measures. Sales in the civil engineering
and construction business plunged 18.8% from the previous year, to (yen)77,020
million (US$653 million).
In the industrial machinery business, healthy sales of modular transfer
presses centered on the demand for investment in equipment by the automotive
industry, led by U.S. auto makers. However, sales of small and medium-sized
presses and sheet metal forming machines suffered a major decline due to
substantially curtailed domestic investments in equipment. As a result, sales of
industrial machinery during the year dropped 16.7%, to (yen)42,676 million
(US$362 million).
Elsewhere in other operations, sales of diesel engines, steel castings and
logistics services slipped, resulting in an overall sales decrease of 5.8%, to
(yen)124,216 million (US$1,053 million) during the year.
Overseas sales by region in fiscal 1999 are as follows: sales in the
Americas amounted to (yen)272,091 million (US$2,306 million), up 17.9%; sales in
Europe advanced 5.2%, to (yen)119,270 million (US$1,011 million); sales in Asia
and Oceania dipped 11.6%, to (yen)96,853 million (US$821 million); and sales in
the Middle East and Africa rose 11.5%, to (yen)49,437 million (US$419 million).
Earnings
Cost of sales for fiscal 1999 edged down 2.3% from the previous year, to
(yen)807,255 million (US$6,841 million). The ratio of cost of sales to net sales
grew 1.1 percentage points, to 76.0%. Selling, general and administrative (SG&A)
expenses for the year increased 6.7%, to (yen)250,061 million (US$2,119
million), causing the ratio of SG&A expenses to net sales to increase 2.4
percentage points over the previous year, to 23.6%.
As a result, operating income (loss) for fiscal 1999 plummeted 90.1% from
the previous year, to (yen)4,281 million (US$36 million). Major contributing
factors to this erosion include weak silicon wafer prices, one-time expenses
resulting from the restructuring of manufacturing operations and a substantial
operating loss incurred in the civil engineering and construction business.
Net interest and other income and expenses in fiscal 1999 generated a loss
of (yen)13,885 million (US$118 million), compared with a loss of (yen)2,846
million in fiscal 1998. This loss includes a large write-down due to the
devaluation of domestic marketable and investment securities, precipitated by
34
<PAGE>
Current Ratio
(%)
[GRAPHIC]
Shareholders'
Equity Ratio
(%)
[GRAPHIC]
the weak stock market and economy in Japan. As a result, income (loss) before
income taxes, minority interests and equity in earnings shrank in fiscal 1999,
resulting in a net loss of (yen)9,604 million (US$81 million), compared with
income of (yen)40,252 in the previous year. The percentage of income (loss)
before income taxes, minority interests and equity in earnings to net sales
declined 4.5 percentage points, to minus 0.9%.
Fiscal 1999 equity in earnings (losses) of affiliated companies fell to a
loss of (yen)7,575 million (US$64 million), from a gain of (yen)763 million in
the previous year. The decline was primarily derived from one-time expenses
resulting from the restructuring of the operating base of Applied Komatsu
Technology, Inc., a manufacturer of liquid crystal display (LCD) panel
manufacturing equipment.
As a result, and for the first time, the Company experienced a net loss in
fiscal 1999 of (yen)12,378 million (US$105 million).
On a per share basis, net loss amounted to (yen)12.77 (US10.82(cent)).
Dividend per share was reduced by (yen)1.00, to (yen)7.00 (US5.93(cent)) for the
year.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Working capital in fiscal 1999 increased 20.7% from the previous year, to
(yen)256,039 million (US$2,170 million), owing primarily to reduced short-term
debt.
The current ratio for fiscal 1999 increased 12.7 percentage points from
the previous year, to 142.1%. The current ratio for fiscal 1998 was down 3.5
percentage points from the previous year.
Capital expenditures in fiscal 1999 decreased 6.6%, to (yen)114,874
million (US$974 million). This amount was mainly used for investments in the
electronics business and renovation of manufacturing facilities. In contrast,
capital expenditures in fiscal 1998 increased 74.2% over the previous year.
Commitments for capital expenditures outstanding as of March 31, 1999, totaled
(yen)2,123 million (US$18 million), which were significantly lower than in the
previous year.
R&D expenses for fiscal 1999 rose 3.8% over the previous year, to
(yen)45,712 million (US$387 million), mainly due to the development of new
products, accounting for 4.3% of net sales. Fiscal 1999 expenses for advertising
and public relations activities jumped 18.9%, to (yen)5,579 million (US$47
million), or 0.5% of net sales.
Financial Condition
Although certain Komatsu companies sold and securitized their accounts
receivable during the year, cash and cash equivalents for fiscal 1999 amounted
to (yen)87,301 million (US$740 million), a decrease of (yen)21,961 million from
the previous year. Net cash provided by operating activities was (yen)34,346
million (US$291 million) in fiscal 1999, a decline of (yen)33,100 million from
the previous year. Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal 1999 totaled
(yen)64,003 million (US$542 million), while that used in fiscal 1998 was
(yen)88,285 million. Net cash provided by financing activities reached
(yen)6,614 million (US$56 million) in fiscal 1999, a plunge of (yen)35,781
million from the previous year.
Market Risk Exposure
The companies are exposed to market risk primarily from changes in foreign
currency exchange rates and interest rates with respect to international
operations and foreign currency denominated credits and debts. In order to
manage these risks that arise in the normal course of business, the companies
enter into various hedging transactions pursuant to their policies and
procedures. The companies do not hold or issue derivative financial instruments
for non-hedging or speculation purposes.
The companies are exposed to credit-related losses in the event of
nonperformance by counterparties to derivative financial instruments. However,
because of the counterparties' high credit ratings, none are expected to fail to
meet their obligations.
35
<PAGE>
Foreign Exchange Risk
To reduce foreign exchange risks against foreign currency denominated assets and
liabilities, the companies execute forward exchange contracts in a range of 50%
to 100% based on their projection for use of time deposits in foreign
currencies. Furthermore, to reduce foreign exchange risks in relation to
medium-term and long-term foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities
and to fix related costs, the companies have executed such forwards for part of
their bonds and loans.
The following table provides information concerning derivative financial
instruments of the companies in relation to foreign currency exchange
transactions existing as of March 31, 1999, which are translated into yen at the
rate used on that date, together with the related weighted average contractual
exchange rates as of March 31, 1999.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Millions of yen
(except average contractual rates)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Forwards to sell foreign currencies: US$/Yen DM/GBP DM/BFr EUR/Yen Others Total
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Contract amounts (yen)19,370 (yen)11,922 (yen)6,754 (yen)3,442 (yen)9,175 (yen)50,663
Average contractual rates 115.32 0.36 20.63 129.47
====================================================================================================================
<CAPTION>
Forwards to buy foreign currencies: Yen/A$ DM/GBP DM/FFr US$/A$ Others Total
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Contract amounts (yen) 3,395 (yen) 3,104 (yen)1,801 (yen)1,145 (yen)1,134 (yen)10,579
Average contractual rates 0.01 0.36 3.35 1.57
====================================================================================================================
<CAPTION>
Thousands of U.S. dollars
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Forwards to sell foreign currencies: US$/Yen DM/GBP DM/BFr EUR/Yen Others Total
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Contract amounts $164,153 $101,034 $57,237 $29,169 $77,754 $429,347
====================================================================================================================
<CAPTION>
Forwards to buy foreign currencies: Yen/A$ DM/GBP DM/FFr US$/A$ Others Total
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Contract amounts $28,771 $26,305 $15,263 $9,703 $9,611 $89,653
====================================================================================================================
</TABLE>
Interest Rate Risk
To reduce risks and hedge the cash flow, the companies engage in interest rate
swaps and cap option transactions for payment of certain floating rate
liabilities.
The tables on the following page provide information concerning
derivatives and other financial instruments of the companies that are sensitive
to changes in interest rates, mainly including interest rate swaps and debt
obligations. For debt obligations, the table presents principal cash flows and
related weighted average interest rates by expected maturity dates. For interest
rate and cross-currency swaps, the tables on the following page present notional
amounts and weighted average receive and pay interest rates. As of March 31,
1999, the notional amount and its average strike rate of interest cap
transactions are (yen)58,217 million ($493,364 thousand) and 6.30%,
respectively.
36
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Long-term debt (including due within one year) Millions of yen
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Expected maturity date
Average --------------------------
interest rate Total 2000 2001
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
U.S. dollar bonds 7.37% (yen) 25,694 (yen) 3,942 (yen) --
Japanese yen convertible
debentures/debentured bonds 1.86% 60,741 -- --
Euro medium-term notes 1.30% 82,984 11,424 43,107
Loans, principally from banks 3.72% 160,436 22,239 21,089
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total (yen)329,855 (yen)37,605 (yen)64,196
=======================================================================================
<CAPTION>
Long-term debt (including due within one year) Millions of yen
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Expected maturity date
--------------------------------------------------------
2002 2003 2004 Thereafter
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
U.S. dollar bonds (yen) -- (yen) -- (yen)13,537 (yen) 8,215
Japanese yen convertible
debentures/debentured bonds -- -- 25,741 35,000
Euro medium-term notes 14,059 3,153 2,355 8,886
Loans, principally from banks 18,660 15,561 29,596 53,291
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total (yen)32,719 (yen)18,714 (yen)71,229 (yen)105,392
=======================================================================================
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Interest rate and cross-currency swaps Millions of yen
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average interest rate Expected maturity date
--------------------- ------------------------
Receive Pay Total 2000 2001
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Japanese yen interest rate swap 2.21% 2.68% (yen) 7,288 (yen) 2,139 (yen) 306
U.S. dollar interest rate swap 5.23% 5.47% 58,417 6,368 3,305
Australia dollar interest rate swap 8.28% 4.74% 2,270 757 1,513
Japanese yen cross-currency swap 5.82% 5.01% 2,200 -- --
U.S. dollar cross-currency swap 1.50% 5.52% 96,061 26,723 43,106
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total (yen)166,236 (yen)35,987 (yen)48,230
=================================================================================================
<CAPTION>
Interest rate and cross-currency swaps Millions of yen
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Expected maturity date
----------------------------------------------------
2002 2003 2004 Thereafter
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Japanese yen interest rate swap (yen) 1,006 (yen) 2,306 (yen) 366 (yen) 1,165
U.S. dollar interest rate swap 13,043 34,731 -- 970
Australia dollar interest rate swap -- -- -- --
Japanese yen cross-currency swap -- -- 2,000 200
U.S. dollar cross-currency swap 12,765 3,153 1,428 8,886
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total (yen)26,814 (yen)40,190 (yen)3,794 (yen)11,221
=============================================================================================
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Long-term debt (including due within one year) Thousands of U.S. dollars
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Expected maturity date
Average ---------------------------------------------------------------
interest rate Total 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Thereafter
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
U.S. dollar bonds 7.37% $ 217,746 $ 33,407 $ -- $ -- $ -- $114,720 $ 69,619
Japanese yen convertible debentures/
debentured bonds 1.86% 514,754 -- -- -- -- 218,144 296,610
Euro medium-term notes 1.30% 703,254 96,814 365,314 119,144 26,720 19,958 75,304
Loans, principally from banks 3.72% 1,359,627 188,465 178,720 158,136 131,873 250,814 451,619
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total $2,795,381 $318,686 $544,034 $277,280 $158,593 $603,636 $893,152
====================================================================================================================================
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Interest rate and cross-currency swaps Thousands of U.S. dollars
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average interest rate Expected maturity date
--------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------
Receive Pay Total 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Thereafter
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Japanese yen interest rate swap 2.21% 2.68% $ 61,763 $ 18,127 $ 2,593 $ 8,525 $ 19,542 $ 3,102 $ 9,874
U.S. dollar interest rate swap 5.23% 5.47% 495,059 53,966 28,008 110,534 294,331 -- 8,220
Australia dollar interest rate swap 8.28% 4.74% 19,237 6,415 12,822 -- -- -- --
Japanese yen cross-currency swap 5.82% 5.01% 18,644 -- -- -- -- 16,949 1,695
U.S. dollar cross-currency swap 1.50% 5.52% 814,077 226,466 365,305 108,178 26,721 12,102 75,305
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total $1,408,780 $304,974 $408,728 $227,237 $340,594 $ 32,153 $ 95,094
====================================================================================================================================
</TABLE>
Southeast Asian Economic Crisis
During the year under review, the countries of Southeast Asia continued to be
affected by the instability of their currencies and interest rates. Komatsu Ltd.
has sales and manufacturing affiliates and subsidiaries in the region. While
these companies experienced adverse effects in production and sales as the
direct result of reduced market demand, such effects were not significant enough
to affect the consolidated business results of the companies.
37
<PAGE>
Euro Conversion
On January 1, 1999, 11 of 15 member countries of the European Union established
fixed conversion rates between their existing currencies (the "legacy
currencies") and adopted the euro as their new common currency. The euro trades
on currency exchanges and the legacy currencies remain legal tender in the
participating countries for a transition period until January 1, 2002. Beginning
on January 1, 2002, euro denominated bills and coins will be issued and legacy
currencies will be withdrawn from circulation.
The introduction of the euro has increased the pace of price harmonization
throughout Europe. Komatsu is analyzing all aspects of its pricing strategy to
minimize any potential risk of this pricing harmonization.
The introduction of the euro reduces the amount of Komatsu's exposure to
changes in multiple foreign exchange rates, owing to the net effect of having
assets and liabilities denominated in a single currency as opposed to the
various legacy currencies.
Komatsu believes that the euro conversion will not have an adverse
material impact on its financial position or results of operations.
Year 2000 Readiness Disclosure
Management Commitment
Komatsu has been addressing the Y2K issue as one of the most important
management tasks to assure continuation of the Quality and Reliability of its
management. We instituted a Companywide program in late 1996. As leader of the
worldwide Komatsu Group, Komatsu has also been supporting its Group companies
and suppliers in their efforts to deal with the issue.
Progress
The Information Systems Division at Tokyo Head Office, charged with managing
Komatsu's Groupwide response to the Y2K issue and all related progress,
initiated an investigation into the problem in late 1996. The results have been
reported to the management every two months.
The first phase of the program, which began in April 1997 in collaboration
with Komatsu Soft Ltd., involved evaluation and remediation of systems in Japan
relating to core functions of the Company, such as production, sales and
services, and finance and accounting. This phase was essentially completed in
March 1998. Action taken to evaluate and remedy other systems was completed in
June 1999.
Meantime, Komatsu companies in Europe, the United States and Brazil have
been replacing their local systems with new enterprise resource planning (ERP)
software as part of Komatsu's global information technology (IT) strategy. In
the process, they have completed countermeasures to the Y2K issue.
Komatsu is preparing to run comprehensive tests in August 1999 to verify
whether the systems referred to above will function normally around and after
December 31, 1999. Komatsu recognizes the risk that external computers of third
parties such as suppliers and financial institutions connected to Komatsu
systems may fail to adequately address Y2K issues, and is therefore monitoring
the Y2K activities of the companies responsible for such external computers.
As for the microcomputers and software programs installed in Komatsu's
plants or equipment, the Company has undertaken the upgrading of these
microcomputers and built-in software programs. This process is near completion
and to date, no major problems have been found.
38
<PAGE>
Products
Komatsu has completed its evaluation of the vulnerability of the microcomputers
and software programs incorporated into its products, and has found virtually
all products to be free of any Y2K-related problem. Certain relatively minor
problems, such as failure to display dates accurately, have been detected;
however, the problems discovered to date appear to have no serious impact on the
quality and performance of the products involved. With respect to such problems,
the Sales Division is taking appropriate action, including providing
precautionary information to customers.
Komatsu has been disclosing Y2K-related information on its web site and
relevant individual departments have been responding swiftly to customer
inquiries.
Expenditure and Manpower
For its Y2K project, Komatsu projects a total expenditure of (yen)6.0 billion
(US$51 million), consisting of (yen)5.5 billion (US$47 million) by the end of
March 1999 and an additional (yen)500 million (US$4 million) by the end of March
2000. The Company does not expect this expenditure to have material impact on
its future business performance or cash flows.
As of April 1997, Komatsu had exhaustively tested some 36,000 programs
that had been used in the previous 16 months to isolate and modify areas that
could cause problems for operations in Japan. Although Komatsu and Komatsu Soft
developed and ran original software for this testing process, each program was
also tested individually by staff to ensure all discernable and potential
problems were completely resolved. During the most intensive period of testing
from July 1997 to March 1998, more than 250 employees worked around the clock in
two shifts.
Crisis Management
In February 1999, Komatsu established the Y2K Crisis Management Committee
specifically to respond to every contingency for Y2K issues. This committee is
drawing up a Crisis Management Plan, to be completed by the end of July 1999 to
enhance Komatsu's organizational ability to react quickly and efficiently to
every eventuality.
The above statement concerning the Year 2000 Readiness Disclosure does not
constitute a statement of warranty and may not be interpreted to expand any
warranty provided with any Komatsu product.
39
<PAGE>
Ten-Year Summary
Komatsu Ltd. and Consolidated Subsidiaries
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Millions of yen
(except per share amounts)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Years ended March 31
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997 1996
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
For the fiscal period
Net sales (yen)1,061,597 (yen)1,104,077 (yen)1,098,916 (yen) 999,327
Cost of sales 807,255 826,627 827,665 763,045
Income (loss) before income taxes, minority interests,
equity in earnings and cumulative effect of
accounting changes (9,604) 40,252 45,769 32,431
Net income (loss) (12,378) 19,241 18,160 14,291
As percentage of sales (1.2%) 1.7% 1.7% 1.4%
Net income (loss) per share--Basic (yen) (12.8) (yen) 19.6 (yen) 18.3 (yen) 14.2
Cash dividends paid 7,751 7,872 7,992 8,031
Cash dividends per share 7.0 8.0 8.0 8.0
Capital expenditures 114,874 123,026 70,604 47,499
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
At fiscal period-end
Total assets (yen)1,524,600 (yen)1,561,662 (yen)1,512,730 (yen)1,593,003
Working capital 256,039 212,096 228,404 260,296
Property, plant and equipment 440,706 393,603 299,098 264,842
Long-term debt--Less current maturities 292,250 196,898 163,590 140,208
Shareholders' equity 495,643 524,201 541,933 606,444
As percentage of total assets 32.5% 33.6% 35.8% 38.1%
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<CAPTION>
Yen per U.S. dollar
------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997 1996
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Other information
Exchange rate into U.S. dollars
(per the Federal Reserve Bank of New York):
At fiscal period-end (yen)118 (yen)133 (yen)124 (yen)107
Average for the fiscal period 128 124 113 96
Range:
High 145 133 124 107
Low 113 115 105 84
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
1 Net income in 1994 includes the cumulative effect of accounting changes for
postretirement benefits other than pensions and income taxes.
2 Total assets and shareholders' equity after 1995 include the effect of
adopting SFAS No. 115.
3 In fiscal 1994, Komatsu America International Company, formerly Komatsu
Dresser Company, was consolidated.
40
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Millions of yen
(except per share amounts)
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Years ended March 31
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1995 1994 1993
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
For the fiscal period
Net sales (yen) 918,910 (yen) 845,853 (yen) 869,928
Cost of sales 702,416 649,512 662,408
Income (loss) before income taxes, minority interests,
equity in earnings and cumulative effect of
accounting changes 24,482 13,933 30,757
Net income (loss) 10,225 1,303 3,037
As percentage of sales 1.1% 0.2% 0.3%
Net income (loss) per share--Basic (yen) 10.2 (yen) 1.3 (yen) 3.0
Cash dividends paid 8,028 8,022 8,019
Cash dividends per share 8.0 8.0 8.0
Capital expenditures 41,492 30,032 47,156
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
At fiscal period-end
Total assets (yen)1,541,972 (yen)1,375,966 (yen)1,323,960
Working capital 254,992 221,274 249,419
Property, plant and equipment 257,219 260,720 260,999
Long-term debt--Less current maturities 140,550 142,578 207,027
Shareholders' equity 575,534 505,871 516,409
As percentage of total assets 37.3% 36.8% 39.0%
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<CAPTION>
Millions of yen
(except per share amounts)
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Years ended March 31
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1992 1991 1990
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
For the fiscal period
Net sales (yen) 919,753 (yen) 988,897 (yen) 887,108
Cost of sales 689,039 718,714 657,554
Income (loss) before income taxes, minority interests,
equity in earnings and cumulative effect of
accounting changes 41,911 85,015 60,272
Net income (loss) 10,898 31,258 27,282
As percentage of sales 1.2% 3.2% 3.1%
Net income (loss) per share--Basic (yen) 10.8 (yen) 30.5 (yen) 26.6
Cash dividends paid 8,017 7,960 7,557
Cash dividends per share 8.0 8.0 7.8
Capital expenditures 73,771 75,700 45,263
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
At fiscal period-end
Total assets (yen)1,452,818 (yen)1,319,189 (yen)1,230,636
Working capital 230,751 340,614 299,324
Property, plant and equipment 261,211 217,896 178,494
Long-term debt--Less current maturities 222,088 171,899 109,900
Shareholders' equity 523,387 524,790 490,596
As percentage of total assets 36.0% 39.8% 39.9%
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<CAPTION>
Yen per U.S. dollar
- - -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990
- - -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Other information
Exchange rate into U.S. dollars
(per the Federal Reserve Bank of New York):
At fiscal period-end (yen) 87 (yen)102 (yen)115 (yen)133 (yen)141 (yen)158
Average for the fiscal period 99 107 124 133 141 143
Range:
High 105 114 135 142 160 159
Low 87 101 115 123 125 131
- - -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
41
<PAGE>
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Komatsu Ltd. and Consolidated Subsidiaries
March 31, 1999 and 1998
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of
U.S. dollars
Millions of yen (Note 1)
----------------------------------- ---------------
Assets 1999 1998 1999
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 1) (yen) 87,301 (yen) 109,262 $ 739,839
Time deposits (Note 8) 844 16,064 7,153
Marketable securities (Notes 1, 5 and 19) 54,434 74,623 461,305
Trade notes and accounts receivable, less allowance
for doubtful receivables of (yen)12,535 million
($106,229 thousand) in 1999 and (yen)11,644 million
in 1998 (Notes 3 and 8) 374,157 422,633 3,170,822
Inventories (Notes 1 and 4) 244,868 216,567 2,075,153
Deferred income taxes and other current assets (Notes 1 and 13) 101,944 93,802 863,931
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
Total current assets 863,548 932,951 7,318,203
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
Investments
Investments in and advances to affiliated companies (Notes 1 and 6) 31,516 42,514 267,085
Investment securities (Notes 1, 5 and 19) 88,447 99,115 749,551
Other 6,612 10,995 56,033
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
Total investments 126,575 152,624 1,072,669
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
Land and buildings held for sale--At the lower of
cost or market (including projects in progress) 18,720 20,633 158,644
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
Property, plant and equipment--Less accumulated
depreciation (Notes 1, 7 and 8) 440,706 393,603 3,734,797
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
Deferred income taxes (Notes 1 and 13) 20,207 12,989 171,246
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
Other assets (Note 10) 54,844 48,862 464,780
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
(yen)1,524,600 (yen)1,561,662 $12,920,339
======================================================================================================== ===============
</TABLE>
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part
of these balance sheets.
42
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of
U.S. dollars
Millions of yen (Note 1)
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity 1999 1998 1999
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Current liabilities
Short-term debt (Notes 8 and 9) (yen) 235,384 (yen) 309,133 $ 1,994,780
Current maturities of long-term debt (Notes 8, 9 and 19) 37,605 55,769 318,686
Trade notes and accounts payable 193,167 220,654 1,637,008
Income taxes payable (Note 13) 15,007 9,059 127,178
Deferred income taxes and other current liabilities (Notes 1 and 13) 126,346 126,240 1,070,729
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
Total current liabilities 607,509 720,855 5,148,381
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
Long-term debt (Notes 8, 9 and 19) 292,250 196,898 2,476,695
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
Liability for postretirement benefits (Notes 1 and 10) 78,551 80,294 665,686
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
Deferred income taxes (Notes 1 and 13) 17,052 14,189 144,510
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
Minority interests 33,595 25,225 284,703
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 17)
Shareholders' equity (Notes 1 and 11)
Common stock, (yen)50 par value--
Authorized, 3,965,000,000 shares in 1999 and 3,965,921,000 shares in 1998;
Issued and outstanding, 968,921,701 shares in 1999 and
969,842,701 shares in 1998 68,370 68,416 579,407
Capital surplus 117,083 116,981 992,229
Retained earnings:
Appropriated for legal reserve 20,200 19,921 171,186
Unappropriated 298,122 319,054 2,526,457
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (Notes 1, 5, 10 and 12) (7,436) (171) (63,017)
Treasury stock at cost, 1,000,000 shares in 1999 (696) -- (5,898)
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
Total shareholders' equity 495,643 524,201 4,200,364
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
(yen)1,524,600 (yen)1,561,662 $12,920,339
======================================================================================================== ===============
</TABLE>
43
<PAGE>
Consolidated Statements of Income
Komatsu Ltd. and Consolidated Subsidiaries
Years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of
U.S. dollars
Millions of yen (Note 1)
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
1999 1998 1997 1999
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues
Net sales (yen)1,061,597 (yen)1,104,077 (yen)1,098,916 $8,996,585
Interest and other income 25,655 24,319 18,919 217,415
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Total 1,087,252 1,128,396 1,117,835 9,214,000
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Costs and expenses (Notes 14 and 15)
Cost of sales 807,255 826,627 827,665 6,841,144
Selling, general and administrative 250,061 234,352 221,348 2,119,161
Interest 21,219 17,138 17,584 179,822
Other 18,321 10,027 5,469 155,263
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Total 1,096,856 1,088,144 1,072,066 9,295,390
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Income (loss) before income taxes, minority interests
and equity in earnings (9,604) 40,252 45,769 (81,390)
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Income taxes (Notes 1 and 13)
Current 19,083 21,436 24,957 161,720
Deferred (17,022) (595) 605 (144,254)
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Total 2,061 20,841 25,562 17,466
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Income (loss) before minority interests and equity
in earnings (11,665) 19,411 20,207 (98,856)
Minority interests in income (loss) of consolidated
subsidiaries 6,862 (933) (995) 58,153
Equity in earnings (losses) of affiliated companies (7,575) 763 (1,052) (64,195)
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Net income (loss) (yen) (12,378) (yen) 19,241 (yen) 18,160 $ (104,898)
============================================================================================================== ============
<CAPTION>
Yen U.S. cents
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net income (loss) per share (Notes 1 and 16):
Basic (yen)(12.77) (yen)19.60 (yen)18.26 (10.8)(cent)
Diluted (yen)(12.77) (yen)19.32 (yen)18.02 (10.8)(cent)
Dividends per share (Note 1) (yen) 7.00 (yen) 8.00 (yen) 8.00 5.9(cent)
============================================================================================================== ============
</TABLE>
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part
of these statements.
44
<PAGE>
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity
Komatsu Ltd. and Consolidated Subsidiaries
Years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of
U.S. dollars
Millions of yen (Note 1)
------------------------------------------ --------------
1999 1998 1997 1999
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Common stock
Balance, beginning of year (yen) 68,416 (yen) 69,120 (yen) 70,120 $ 579,797
Purchase and retirement of common stock:
921,000 shares in 1999, 14,079,000 shares in 1998
and 20,000,000 shares in 1997 (46) (704) (1,000) (390)
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------
Balance, end of year (yen) 68,370 (yen) 68,416 (yen) 69,120 $ 579,407
========================================================================================================= ==============
Capital surplus
Balance, beginning of year (yen)116,981 (yen)116,981 (yen)116,981 $ 991,365
Sales of treasury stock held by a subsidiary 102 -- -- 864
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------
Balance, end of year (yen)117,083 (yen)116,981 (yen)116,981 $ 992,229
========================================================================================================= ==============
Retained earnings
Appropriated for legal reserve
Balance, beginning of year (yen) 19,921 (yen) 19,846 (yen) 19,761 $ 168,822
Transfer from unappropriated retained earnings 279 75 85 2,364
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------
Balance, end of year (yen) 20,200 (yen) 19,921 (yen) 19,846 $ 171,186
========================================================================================================= ==============
Unappropriated retained earnings
Balance, beginning of year (yen)319,054 (yen)316,259 (yen)324,494 $2,703,846
Net income (loss) (12,378) 19,241 18,160 (104,898)
Cash dividends paid (7,751) (7,872) (7,992) (65,686)
Transfer to retained earnings appropriated for legal reserve (279) (75) (85) (2,364)
Purchase and retirement of common stock (524) (8,499) (18,318) (4,441)
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------
Balance, end of year (yen)298,122 (yen)319,054 (yen)316,259 $2,526,457
========================================================================================================= ==============
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Balance, beginning of year (yen) (171) (yen) 19,727 (yen) 75,088 $ (1,449)
Other comprehensive income (loss) for the year, net of tax (7,265) (19,898) (55,361) (61,568)
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------
Balance, end of year (yen) (7,436) (yen) (171) (yen) 19,727 $ (63,017)
========================================================================================================= ==============
Treasury stock
Balance, beginning of year (yen) -- (yen) -- (yen) -- $ --
Purchase of treasury stock (1,175) -- -- (9,957)
Sales of treasury stock held by a subsidiary 479 -- -- 4,059
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------
Balance, end of year (yen) (696) (yen) -- (yen) -- $ (5,898)
========================================================================================================= ==============
Total shareholders' equity (yen)495,643 (yen)524,201 (yen)541,933 $4,200,364
========================================================================================================= ==============
</TABLE>
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part
of these statements.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of
U.S. dollars
Millions of yen (Note 1)
-------------------------------------------- ---------------
1999 1998 1997 1999
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Disclosure of comprehensive income (loss)
Net income (loss) for the year (yen)(12,378) (yen)19,241 (yen) 18,160 $(104,898)
Other comprehensive income (loss) for the year, net of tax (7,265) (19,898) (55,361) (61,568)
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
Comprehensive income (loss) for the year (yen)(19,643) (yen) (657) (yen)(37,201) $(166,466)
========================================================================================================== ===============
</TABLE>
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part
of these statements.
45
<PAGE>
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Komatsu Ltd. and Consolidated Subsidiaries
Years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of
U.S. dollars
Millions of yen (Note 1)
-------------------------------------------- -----------------
1999 1998 1997 1999
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Operating activities
Net income (loss) (yen)(12,378) (yen) 19,241 (yen)18,160 $ (104,898)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash
provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 55,376 49,410 46,572 469,288
Provision (reversal) for deferred income taxes (17,022) (595) 605 (144,254)
Net loss (gain) from marketable securities
and investments 4,679 (8,285) (1,847) 39,652
Gain on sale of minority interest in subsidiaries -- (5,556) -- --
Provision (reversal) for postretirement benefits, net (9,282) (725) 2,209 (78,661)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Decrease (increase) in trade receivables 60,293 60,424 (13,159) 510,958
Decrease (increase) in inventories (2,803) (9,970) 4,874 (23,754)
Increase (decrease) in trade payables (47,541) (24,612) 5,811 (402,890)
Increase (decrease) in income taxes payable 5,304 (8,972) 3,031 44,949
Other, net (2,280) (2,914) 1,663 (19,322)
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------
Net cash provided by operating activities 34,346 67,446 67,919 291,068
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------
Investing activities
Capital expenditures (114,874) (123,026) (70,604) (973,508)
Proceeds from sales of property 14,069 7,178 6,812 119,229
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities and investments 50,929 70,584 73,374 431,602
Purchases of marketable securities and investments (25,062) (27,362) (49,294) (212,390)
Proceeds from sale of minority interest -- 13,065 -- --
Collection of loan receivables 13,441 10,162 12,150 113,907
Disbursement of loan receivables (17,731) (27,913) (18,416) (150,263)
Decrease (increase) in time deposits 15,225 (10,973) 31,107 129,025
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------
Net cash used in investing activities (64,003) (88,285) (14,871) (542,398)
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------
Financing activities
Proceeds from long-term debt 140,708 78,859 49,020 1,192,441
Repayments on long-term debt (47,638) (35,192) (28,880) (403,712)
Increase (decrease) in short-term debt (77,690) 15,803 (40,020) (658,390)
Sales (Repurchase) of common stock, net (1,015) (9,203) (19,318) (8,602)
Dividends paid (7,751) (7,872) (7,992) (65,686)
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 6,614 42,395 (47,190) 56,051
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------
Effect of exchange rate change on cash and cash equivalents 1,082 (121) (584) 9,169
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (21,961) 21,435 5,274 (186,110)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 109,262 87,827 82,553 925,949
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year (yen) 87,301 (yen)109,262 (yen)87,827 $ 739,839
=========================================================================================================== =================
</TABLE>
The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part
of these statements.
46
<PAGE>
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Komatsu Ltd. and Consolidated Subsidiaries
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Description of Business, Basis of Financial Statements and Summary of
Significant Accounting Policies
Description of Business
Komatsu Ltd. ("the Company") and consolidated subsidiaries (together "the
companies") manufacture and market primarily heavy equipment, consisting of
various types of construction and mining equipment and industrial machinery
throughout the world, and also engage in electronics, civil engineering and
construction, and other activities.
The consolidated net sales of the Company and consolidated subsidiaries
for the year ended March 31, 1999, consisted of the following:
Construction and mining equipment--68.9%, Electronics--8.2%, Civil
engineering and construction--7.2%, Industrial machinery--4.0%, Others--11.7%.
Sales are made principally under the Komatsu brand name, and are almost
entirely through sales subsidiaries and sales distributors. These subsidiaries
and distributors are responsible for marketing and distribution and primarily
sell to retail dealers in their geographical area. Of consolidated net sales in
1999, 50.6% were generated outside Japan, with 25.6% in America, 11.2% in
Europe, 9.1% in Asia (excluding Japan) and Oceania, and 4.7% in the Middle East
and Africa.
The manufacturing operations of the Company and consolidated subsidiaries
are conducted primarily at plants in Japan, the United States of America,
Germany, the United Kingdom, Brazil, Italy and China.
Basis of Financial Statements
The accompanying consolidated financial statements are stated in Japanese yen,
the currency of the country in which the Company is incorporated and principally
operates. The translation of Japanese yen amounts into United States dollar
amounts for the year ended March 31, 1999, is included solely for the
convenience of readers outside Japan and has been made at the rate of (yen)118
to $1, the approximate rate of exchange prevailing at the Federal Reserve Bank
of New York on March 31, 1999. Such translation should not be construed as a
representation that Japanese yen amounts could be converted into United States
dollars at the above or any other rate.
The Company has adopted the provision of Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards ("SFAS") No. 131, "Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and
Related Information" effective April 1, 1998, and has made retroactive
restatement of the segment information for the years ended March 31, 1998 and
1997, which had applied SFAS No. 14 in 1998.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect certain
adjustments, not recorded in the companies' books, to present them in conformity
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America,
modified for accounting for stock splits (Note 11). The major adjustments
include those relating to accounting for foreign currency translation,
postretirement benefits, investments in debt and equity securities, and accruals
of certain expenses.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(1) Consolidation and Investments in Affiliated Companies
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and,
except for certain minor subsidiaries, all of its majority-owned domestic and
foreign subsidiaries.
In September 1997, Komatsu Electronics Metals Co., Ltd. (KEM), a
consolidated manufacturing subsidiary of silicon wafers, completed an initial
public offering and listed its shares on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. The public
offering generated net proceeds to the companies of (yen)13,065 million and a
gain of (yen)5,556 million, reducing the companies' ownership interest in KEM
from 76.4% to 60.0%.
In 1999, the Company increased of the ownership of certain affiliated
companies namely Komatsu Zenoah Co., Komatsu Mining Germany GmbH, formerly Demag
Komatsu GmbH, and three other companies and those companies have become
consolidated subsidiaries as of March 31, 1999.
Investments in 20% to 50%-owned affiliated companies and certain minor
subsidiaries not consolidated are, with minor exceptions, accounted for by the
equity method. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated.
The excess cost of investments in the subsidiaries and affiliated companies over
their equity in the net assets at the dates of acquisition is generally being
amortized over periods of 10 years.
(2) Translation of Foreign Currency Accounts
Under the provisions of SFAS No. 52, "Foreign Currency Transaction," assets and
liabilities are translated at the exchange rates in effect at each fiscal
year-end, and income and expenses are translated at the average rates of
exchange prevailing during each fiscal year in translating the financial
statements of overseas subsidiaries. The resulting translation adjustments are
accumulated in a separate component of the accumulated other comprehensive
income (loss) in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
(3) Marketable Securities and Investment Securities
In compliance with SFAS No. 115, "Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and
Equity Securities," the Company has categorized current and noncurrent
marketable equity securities and debt securities as securities available for
sale and as a result are stated at fair value.
(4) Inventories
Inventories, consisting of finished products including finished parts held for
sale, work in process, and materials and supplies, are stated at the lower of
cost or market. In general, cost represents average cost except for finished
products and work in process. Cost is determined by the last-in, first-out
method for finished parts held for sale and by using actual costs accumulated
under a job-order-cost system for other finished products and work in process.
(5) Property, Plant and Equipment, and Related Depreciation
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed
principally using the declining-balance method at
47
<PAGE>
rates based on the estimated useful lives of the assets. Effective rates of
depreciation for buildings, machinery and equipment for the years ended March
31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, are as follows:
1999 1998 1997
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Buildings 8% 9% 8%
Machinery and equipment 23% 26% 25%
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ordinary maintenance and repairs are charged to income as incurred. Major
replacements and improvements are capitalized. When properties are retired or
otherwise disposed of, the property and related accumulated depreciation
accounts are relieved of the applicable amounts and any differences are included
in other income or expenses.
(6) Construction Contracts
Certain domestic subsidiaries operate in construction operations in Japan, which
include the construction of buildings and of public works projects, such as
bridges and roads. Income from short-term construction contracts is recorded
under the completed-contract method of accounting. Income from long-term
construction contracts is recorded generally under the percentage-of-completion
method of accounting.
(7) Income Taxes
In accordance with SFAS No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes," the deferred tax
provision is determined by the liability method. Under this method, deferred tax
assets and liabilities are recognized based on temporary differences between
financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax
rates as of each balance-sheet date. On March 31, 1999 and 1998, new income tax
rates, effective April 1, 1999 and 1998, were enacted. The effect on deferred
tax assets and liabilities of changes in tax rates were recognized in income in
each year that included each enactment date.
The companies compute and record income taxes currently payable based on
their separate determinations of taxable income which may be different from
accounting income.
Provision for income taxes is not made on undistributed earnings of
foreign subsidiaries and affiliated companies because the Company considers that
such earnings are permanently invested and/or would not have material additional
taxation should they be distributed to the Company under current circumstances.
(8) Postretirement Benefits
The defined benefit plans are accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 87,
"Employers' Accounting for Pensions," except for certain subsidiaries' pension
plans which in the aggregate are not significant. Certain domestic subsidiaries
also have local severance payment plans under which accrued severance
liabilities are stated on the vested benefits obligation basis, which is the
amount required to be paid if all eligible employees voluntarily terminated
their employment as of the balance-sheet date.
The Company has adopted SFAS No. 132 "Employers' Disclosure about Pensions
and Other Postretirement Benefits" in the year ended March 31, 1999. SFAS No.
132 revises employers' disclosures about pension and other postretirement
benefit plans. SFAS No. 132 does not change the recognition or measurement of
those plans and does not affect the Companies' consolidated financial position
and results of operations. All prior years disclosures have been restated to
conform with the provisions of SFAS No. 132.
(9) Free Share Distribution
The Commercial Code of Japan permits Japanese companies, upon approval by the
Board of Directors, to issue shares, in the form of a stock split, to
shareholders to the extent that the aggregate par value of the shares to be
distributed does not exceed the excess of the common stock account over the par
value of shares issued and outstanding (Note 11).
(10) Per Share Data
Basic net income (loss) per share has been computed by dividing net income
(loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each
fiscal year. Diluted net income (loss) per share reflects the potential dilution
and has been computed on the basis that all convertible bonds were converted at
the beginning of the year to the extent, it is not antidilutive.
Dividends per share shown in the Consolidated Statements of Income have
been presented on an accrual basis and include, in each fiscal year ended March
31, dividends approved or to be approved by shareholders after such date, but
applicable to the year then ended.
(11) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For purposes of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, cash and cash
equivalents include highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three
months or less to be cash equivalents.
(12) Derivative Financial Instruments
The companies use various derivative financial instruments, which serve as
hedges, to manage their interest rate and foreign currency exchange exposure.
The companies enter into interest rate swap and cap agreements as a means
of managing their rate exposures. Interest differentials on the interest rate
swaps are accrued as interest rate change over the contract period. Premiums
paid for interest rate caps are amortized over the life of contracts and
expensed as a part of interest expense.
The companies also enter into forward exchange contracts and swaps as a
hedge to foreign currency exposure against foreign currency assets and
liabilities and sales commitments.
Gains and losses on the foreign exchange contracts are recognized based on
changes in exchange rates, as are offsetting foreign exchange gains or losses on
such assets and liabilities.
Gains and losses on the forward exchange contracts to hedge foreign
currency commitments are deferred and included in the measurement of the related
transactions, unless it is estimated that deferral would lead to recognizing
losses in later periods.
(13) Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed of
In accordance with SFAS No. 121, "Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived
Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed of," the long-lived assets and
certain identifiable intangibles to be held and used by an entity are reviewed
for
48
<PAGE>
impairment based on a cash flow analysis of related operations whenever events
or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may
not be recoverable. The long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles
to be disposed of be reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less
cost to sell.
On November 9, 1998, the Company announced plans to restructure the
domestic manufacturing plants for construction equipment, which also covered
some of the group companies. Under such plans, the Company will combine the
manufacturing facilities of certain manufacturing plants of Komatsu and certain
consolidated subsidiaries in order to achieve optimal manufacturing operations
by improving the productibity of manufacturing through disposal of certain
properties on a consolidated basis. This restructuring plan will be completed in
the first half of the fiscal year ending March 31, 2001.
As part of this restructuring plan, specified manufacturing facilities of
certain consolidated subsidiaries are planned to be disposed of within the near
future, so the Company has accrued expected disposal losses of those
manufacturing facilities of approximately (yen)1,000 million ($8,475 thousand)
in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 1999.
(14) Comprehensive Income
The Company has adopted SFAS No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income" in the
year ended March 31, 1999. Comprehensive income consists of net income, changes
in foreign currency translation adjustments, net unrealized holding gains on
securities available for sale, and pension liability adjustments, and is
included in the consolidated statements of shareholders' equity. SFAS No. 130
requires only additional disclosures in the consolidated financial statements
and does not affect the Companies' consolidated financial position and results
of operations. Prior year consolidated financial statements have been
reclassified to conform with the provisions of SFAS No. 130.
(15) Use of Estimates
Company management has made a number of estimates and assumptions that affect
the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities to prepare these financial
statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. Actual
results could differ from the estimates and assumptions.
(16) New Accounting Standards
In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS No. 133,
"Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities." SFAS No. 133
establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments and
for hedging activities. SFAS No. 133 requires that an entity recognize all
derivatives as either assets or liabilities in the balance sheet and measure
those instruments at fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are
recorded each period in current earnings or other comprehensive income (loss),
depending on whether a derivative is designated as part of a hedge transaction
and, if it is, depending on the type of hedge transaction. The ineffective
portion of all hedges will be recognized in earnings. The Company will adopt
SFAS No. 133 for the year beginning April 1, 2001. Currently, the effect on the
Company's consolidated financial statements of adopting SFAS No. 133 has not
been determined.
In March 1998, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
(AICPA) issued Statement of Position No. 98-1 (SOP 98-1), "Accounting for the
Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use." SOP 98-1
provides guidance on when costs for internal use computer software should be
capitalized or expensed as incurred and is effective for fiscal years beginning
after December 15, 1998. The Company is in the process of evaluating SOP 98-1.
In April 1998, the AICPA also issued SOP 98-5 "Reporting on the Costs of
Start-Up Activities." SOP 98-5 requires that costs of start-up activities,
including organization costs, should be expensed as incurred. This is effective
for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1998. Adoption of this statement
is expected to be immaterial on the companies' financial positions and results
of operations.
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Additional cash flow information and noncash investing and financing activities
for the years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of
Millions of yen U.S. dollars
-------------------------------------- ------------
1999 1998 1997 1999
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Additional cash flow information:
Interest paid (yen) 21,235 (yen)16,774 (yen)17,265 $179,958
Income taxes paid 14,172 30,286 21,474 120,102
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Noncash investing and financing activities:
Assets and liabilities of certain companies consolidated
commencing in fiscal 1999, 1998 and 1997 (Note 6):
Total assets (yen)100,716 (yen)50,392 (yen)14,486 $853,525
Total liabilities 67,746 32,056 11,007 574,119
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
</TABLE>
49
<PAGE>
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Trade Notes and Accounts Receivable
The Company and certain of its subsidiaries follow the practice of including
installment receivables due after one year (less unearned interest) in current
assets. Receivables due after one year (less unearned interest) amounted to
(yen)37,196 million ($315,220 thousand) and (yen)51,934 million at March 31,
1999 and 1998, respectively.
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Inventories
At March 31, 1999 and 1998, inventories comprised the following:
Thousands of
Millions of yen U.S. dollars
--------------------------- ----------------
1999 1998 1999
- - ----------------------------------------------------------- ----------------
Finished products (yen)155,096 (yen)134,716 $1,314,373
Work in process 59,259 57,090 502,195
Materials and supplies 30,513 24,761 258,585
- - ----------------------------------------------------------- ----------------
Total (yen)244,868 (yen)216,567 $2,075,153
=========================================================== ================
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Marketable Securities and Investment Securities
Marketable securities and investment securities at March 31, 1999 and 1998,
primarily consisted of securities available for sale.
The cost, gross unrealized holding gains and losses, and fair value for
such securities by major security types at March 31, 1999 and 1998, are as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Millions of yen
-----------------------------------------------------
Gross unrealized holding
------------------------
Cost Gains Losses Fair value
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
At March 31, 1999
Marketable securities available for sale:
Marketable debt securities (yen) 2,851 (yen) 12 (yen) -- (yen) 2,863
Marketable equity securities 35,357 18,933 2,719 51,571
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(yen)38,208 (yen)18,945 (yen)2,719 (yen)54,434
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Investment securities available for sale:
Marketable debt securities (yen) 30 (yen) -- (yen) -- (yen) 30
Marketable equity securities 40,395 33,858 1,442 72,811
Other investment securities 15,606 -- -- 15,606
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(yen)56,031 (yen)33,858 (yen)1,442 (yen)88,447
===================================================================================================================
At March 31, 1998
Marketable securities available for sale:
Marketable debt securities (yen) 7,691 (yen) 2 (yen) 261 (yen) 7,432
Marketable equity securities 44,407 27,307 4,523 67,191
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(yen)52,098 (yen)27,309 (yen)4,784 (yen)74,623
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Investment securities available for sale:
Marketable debt securities (yen) 1,727 (yen) -- (yen) 18 (yen) 1,709
Marketable equity securities 58,169 24,279 3,134 79,314
Other investment securities 18,092 -- -- 18,092
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(yen)77,988 (yen)24,279 (yen)3,152 (yen)99,115
===================================================================================================================
</TABLE>
50
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of U.S. dollars
---------------------------------------------------------
Gross unrealized holding
------------------------
Cost Gains Losses Fair value
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
At March 31, 1999
Marketable securities available for sale:
Marketable debt securities $ 24,161 $ 101 $ -- $ 24,262
Marketable equity securities 299,636 160,449 23,042 437,043
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$323,797 $160,550 $ 23,042 $461,305
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Investment securities available for sale:
Marketable debt securities $ 254 $ -- $ -- $ 254
Marketable equity securities 342,331 286,932 12,220 617,043
Other investment securities 132,254 -- -- 132,254
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$474,839 $286,932 $ 12,220 $749,551
==========================================================================================================
</TABLE>
Maturities of marketable debt securities at March 31, 1999 and 1998 are
primarily through five years.
Unrealized holding gains and losses are included as a component of
shareholders' equity until realized. An analysis of the changes in net
unrealized holding gains on securities available for sale for the years ended
March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of
Millions of yen U.S. dollars
------------------------------------- ---------------
1999 1998 1997 1999
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Beginning balance (yen)20,803 (yen)40,964 (yen)94,775 $ 176,296
Net increase (decrease) in carrying amounts of securities available
for sale held by:
The companies 4,990 (40,047) (107,503) 42,289
Affiliated companies 222 (466) (1,314) 1,881
Minority interests 38 16 48 322
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
5,250 (40,497) (108,769) 44,492
Net decrease (increase) in deferred tax liabilities (403) 20,336 54,958 (3,415)
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
Ending balance (yen)25,650 (yen)20,803 (yen)40,964 $ 217,373
=========================================================================================================== ===============
</TABLE>
Proceeds from the sales of securities available for sale were (yen)50,929
million ($431,602 thousand), (yen)70,584 million and (yen)73,374 million for the
years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively.
Net realized gains (losses) on the sales of securities available for sale
during the years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, amounted to (yen)(4,679)
million ($(39,652) thousand), (yen)8,285 million and (yen)1,847 million,
respectively. They were included in the determination of net income. The cost of
the securities sold was computed based on the average-cost method.
51
<PAGE>
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Investments in and Advances to Affiliated Companies
At March 31, 1999 and 1998, investments in and advances to affiliated companies
comprised the following:
Thousands of
Millions of yen U.S. dollars
-------------------------- ---------------
1999 1998 1999
- - ----------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
Investments in capital stock (yen)24,308 (yen)39,251 $206,000
Advances 7,208 3,263 61,085
- - ----------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
Total (yen)31,516 (yen)42,514 $267,085
=========================================================== ===============
The carrying value of investments in the affiliated companies at March 31,
1999 and 1998, includes (yen)908 million ($7,695 thousand) and (yen)1,457
million, respectively, representing the unamortized balance of the excess of the
cost of investments over the companies' equity in the net assets, at date of
acquisition.
The companies own a 27.2% (26.7% in 1998) interest in Komatsu Forklift
Co., Ltd., which manufactures and distributes forklift products. The common
stock of the above affiliated company is publicly traded. The carrying values of
this investment at March 31, 1999 and 1998, were (yen)9,003 million ($76,297
thousand) and (yen)11,277 million, respectively, with corresponding quoted
market values of (yen)3,826 million ($32,424 thousand) and (yen)6,648 million,
respectively. On May 18, 1999, the Company acquired additional shares of Komatsu
Forklift Co., Ltd. and the ownership interest has been increased to 40.9%.
In the latter part of the fiscal year ended March 31, 1999, the Company
increased its ownership percentage in Komatsu Zenoah Co., to 51.2% (33.2% in
1998). As a result, Komatsu Zenoah Co. has been reflected as a consolidated
subsidiary of the Company effective March 31, 1999.
Dividends received from affiliated companies were (yen)25 million ($212
thousand), (yen)485 million and (yen)565 million during the years ended March
31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively.
Trade notes and accounts receivable from affiliated companies at March 31,
1999 and 1998, were (yen)47,537 million ($402,856 thousand) and (yen)43,845
million, respectively.
Short-term loans receivable from affiliated companies at March 31, 1999
and 1998, were (yen)21,146 million ($179,203 thousand) and (yen)28,043 million,
respectively.
Trade notes and accounts payable to affiliated companies at March 31, 1999
and 1998, were (yen)7,300 million ($61,864 thousand) and (yen)17,214 million,
respectively.
Net sales for the years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, included net
sales to affiliated companies in the amounts of (yen)87,643 million ($742,737
thousand), (yen)96,829 million and (yen)118,849 million, respectively.
Summarized financial information for affiliated companies at March 31,
1999 and 1998, and for the years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, is as
follows:
Thousands of
Millions of yen U.S. dollars
------------------------- ------------
1999 1998 1999
- - --------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Current assets (yen)172,767 (yen)268,937 $1,464,127
Net property, plant and equipment 61,183 80,840 518,500
Other assets 36,862 39,631 312,390
- - --------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Total assets (yen)270,812 (yen)389,408 $2,295,017
=============================================================== ============
Current liabilities (yen)187,504 (yen)243,161 $1,589,017
Noncurrent liabilities 23,724 43,266 201,051
Shareholders' equity 59,584 102,981 504,949
- - --------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Total liabilities and shareholders'
equity (yen)270,812 (yen)389,408 $2,295,017
=============================================================== ============
Thousands of
Millions of yen U.S. dollars
-------------------------------------------- ------------
1999 1998 1997 1999
- - --------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Net sales (yen)259,870 (yen)420,989 (yen)419,346 $2,202,288
- - --------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Net income (loss) (yen)(15,873) (yen) 6,486 (yen) 3,261 $ (134,517)
=============================================================== ============
The summarized financial information includes the accounts of Komatsu
Zenoah Co., Komatsu Mining Germany GmbH, formerly Demag Komatsu GmbH, and three
other companies, which were newly consolidated in fiscal 1999 as of March 31,
1998 and for the years ended March 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively. As of March
31, 1998, the aggregated assets and net assets of those companies amounted to
(yen)92,685 million and (yen)30,798 million, respectively, and the aggregated
net sales of those companies for the years ended March 31, 1998 and 1997
amounted
52
<PAGE>
to (yen)124,324 million and (yen)132,319 million, respectively, and the
aggregated net income of those companies amounted to (yen)2,739 million and
(yen)990 million, respectively.
The following information presents the aggregated results of operations as
if those companies were consolidated subsidiaries at the beginning of fiscal
1999 presented in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. The
aggregate net sales and net losses of those consolidated companies for the year
ended March 31, 1999 would have amounted to (yen)79,385 million ($672,754
thousand) and (yen)717 million ($6,076 thousand), respectively.
The impact on net loss per share would not have been material if those
companies were consolidated at the beginning of the year.
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Property, Plant and Equipment
The major classes of property, plant and equipment at March 31, 1999 and 1998,
are as follows:
Thousands of
Millions of yen U.S. dollars
---------------------------- -------------
1999 1998 1999
- - -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------
Land (yen) 59,745 (yen) 52,468 $ 506,314
Buildings 272,279 252,080 2,307,449
Machinery and equipment 527,026 479,396 4,466,322
Construction in progress 91,687 80,362 777,008
- - -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------
Total 950,737 864,306 8,057,093
Less accumulated depreciation (510,031) (470,703) (4,322,296)
- - -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------
Net property, plant and equipment (yen)440,706 (yen)393,603 $ 3,734,797
============================================================== =============
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. Pledged Assets
At March 31, 1999, assets pledged as collateral for short-term debt and
long-term debt are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of
Millions of yen U.S. dollars
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C>
Time deposits (yen) 266 $ 2,254
Trade notes and accounts receivable 2,023 17,144
Property, plant and equipment--Less accumulated depreciation 45,783 387,992
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------
Total (yen)48,072 $407,390
=================================================================================================== ================
</TABLE>
The above pledged assets were classified by type of liabilities to which
they relate as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of
Millions of yen U.S. dollars
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C>
Liabilities appearing in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as:
Short-term debt (yen) 2,100 $ 17,797
Long-term debt 45,972 389,593
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------
Total (yen)48,072 $407,390
=================================================================================================== ================
</TABLE>
53
<PAGE>
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. Short-Term and Long-Term Debt
Short-term debt primarily consisted of short-term bank loans. The
weighted-average annual interest rates applicable to short-term debt outstanding
at March 31, 1999 and 1998, were 3.9% and 3.4%, respectively. The company and a
certain consolidated subsidiary have unused lines of credit amounting to
(yen)32,502 million ($275,441 thousand) at the end of fiscal 1999.
Long-term debt at March 31, 1999 and 1998, consisted of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of
Millions of yen U.S. dollars
--------------------------- ------------------
1999 1998 1999
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Long-term debt with collateral (Note 8):
Banks, insurance companies and other financial institutions,
maturing serially through 1999-2029, weighted-average rate 5.5%
Government-owned banks and government agencies (yen) 23,658 (yen) 21,345 $ 200,492
Other 8,136 7,452 68,949
Long-term debt without collateral:
Banks, insurance companies and other financial institutions,
maturing serially through 1999-2022, weighted-average rate 3.6% 127,494 104,611 1,080,458
Euro Medium-Term Notes with various interest rates maturing serially
through 1999-2008 82,984 64,974 703,254
6.8% Extendible Bonds due 1998 (payable in U.S. dollars) -- 15,143 --
9.0% Bonds due 1998 (payable in U.S. dollars) -- 8,545 --
9.6% Bonds due 1999 (payable in U.S. dollars) 3,942 4,410 33,407
6.9% Senior Notes due 2003 (payable in U.S. dollars) 13,537 -- 114,720
1.8% Convertible Unsecured Bonds due 2004 25,741 25,279 218,144
7.0% Senior Notes due 2005 (payable in U.S. dollars) 8,215 -- 69,618
1.9% Unsecured Bonds due 2006 35,000 -- 296,610
Other 1,148 908 9,729
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------
Total 329,855 252,667 2,795,381
Less current maturities (37,605) (55,769) (318,686)
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------
Long-term debt (yen)292,250 (yen)196,898 $2,476,695
======================================================================================================= ==================
</TABLE>
The conversion price per share of the 1.8% convertible unsecured bonds at
March 31, 1999, was (yen)971.2, which is subject to adjustments under certain
conditions.
The 1.8% convertible unsecured bonds are redeemable anytime before
maturity at the option of the Company, at the initial redemption price of 105%
of the principal.
On March 28, 1996, the Company, Komatsu Finance America Inc., and Komatsu
Finance (Netherlands) B.V. (the "Issuers") registered the US$1 billion Euro
Medium-Term Note Program on the London Stock Exchange. On April 1, 1999, the
registered amounts of Euro Medium-Term Notes Program were increased to US$1.2
billion. Under the Program, each of the issuers may from time to time issue
notes denominated in any currency (including ECU). Komatsu Finance America Inc.
issued (yen)50,900 million and $39 million during fiscal 1999 and (yen)36,000
million and $0 million during fiscal 1998 of Euro Medium-Term Notes with various
interest rates and maturity dates. To offset market risk exposure arising from
changes in foreign exchange rates and interest rates on debts under the Program,
cross-currency interest rate swap and interest rate swap contracts are utilized.
The cross-currency interest rate swap contracts effectively convert
yen-denominated debts and related interest into U.S. dollar obligations. U.S.
dollar interest rates are based on three month LIBOR with borrowing spreads of
LIBOR minus 0.10% to LIBOR flat, and LIBOR minus 0.15% to LIBOR plus 0.07% for
the years ended March 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively, depending upon the
contract. The floating interest rates for fiscal 1999 and 1998 ranged from 5.10%
to 6.00% and 5.35% to 5.98%, respectively.
The companies have also entered into interest rate and currency swap
agreements for certain long-term debts (Note 18).
As is customary in Japan, substantially all bank loans are made under
agreements which provide that the banks may require, under certain conditions,
the borrower to provide collateral, additional collateral or guarantors for its
loans.
Lending banks have a right to offset cash deposited with them against any
debt or obligation that becomes due and, in the case of default and certain
other specified events, against all other debt payable to the banks.
Under certain loan agreements, the lender may require the borrower to
submit proposals for the payment of dividends and other appropriations of
earnings for the lender's review and approval before presentation to the
shareholders. The companies have never received such a request.
54
<PAGE>
Annual maturities of long-term debt subsequent to March 31, 1999, are as
follows:
Year ending Thousands of
March 31 Millions of yen U.S. dollars
- - ------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
2000 (yen) 37,605 $ 318,686
2001 64,196 544,034
2002 32,719 277,280
2003 18,714 158,593
2004 71,229 603,636
2005 and thereafter 105,392 893,152
- - ------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
Total (yen)329,855 $2,795,381
============================================================= ===============
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. Liability for Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits
The Company's employees, with certain minor exceptions, are covered by a
severance payment and pension plan. The plan provides that 70% of the employee
benefits are payable as a pension payment, commencing upon retirement at age 60
(mandatory retirement age) and that the remaining benefits are payable as a
lump-sum severance payment based on remuneration, years of service and certain
other factors at the time of retirement. The plan also provides for lump-sum
severance payments, payable upon earlier termination of employment. The
Company's funding policy is to contribute semiannually the amounts to provide
not only for benefits attributed to service to date but also for those expected
to be earned in the future.
Net periodic cost of the Company's plan for the years ended March 31,
1999, 1998 and 1997, included the following components:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of
Millions of yen U.S. dollars
----------------------------------------- ----------------
1999 1998 1997 1999
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Service cost--Benefits earned during the year (yen) 4,828 (yen) 4,909 (yen) 4,423 $40,915
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation 4,428 4,448 5,144 37,525
Expected return on plan assets (1,147) (1,404) (1,779) (9,720)
Net amortization and deferral 1,726 1,648 1,141 14,627
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------
Net periodic cost (yen) 9,835 (yen) 9,601 (yen) 8,929 $83,347
========================================================================================= ================
</TABLE>
The reconciliations of beginning and ending balances of the benefit
obligations and the fair value of the plan assets of the Company's plan are as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of
Millions of yen U.S. dollars
--------------------------- -----------------
1999 1998 1999
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation, beginning of year (yen)126,538 (yen)127,109 $1,072,356
Service cost 4,828 4,909 40,915
Interest cost 4,428 4,448 37,525
Actuarial loss 7,208 966 61,085
Benefits paid (16,951) (10,894) (143,652)
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -----------------
Benefit obligation, end of year (yen)126,051 (yen)126,538 $1,068,229
============================================================================== =================
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year (yen) 54,365 (yen) 52,266 $ 460,720
Actual return on plan assets 499 668 4,229
Employer contribution 10,692 6,332 90,610
Benefit paid (5,244) (4,901) (44,440)
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -----------------
Fair value of plan assets, end of year (yen) 60,312 (yen) 54,365 $ 511,119
============================================================================== =================
</TABLE>
55
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of
Millions of yen U.S. dollars
---------------------------- --------------
1999 1998 1999
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Funded status (yen)(65,739) (yen)(72,173) $(557,110)
Unrecognized net loss 32,032 25,184 271,458
Unrecognized net obligation at transition being recognized over 15 years 3,915 4,697 33,178
Unrecognized prior service cost being recognized over 15 years 5,264 5,637 44,610
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------
Net amount recognized (yen)(24,528) (yen)(36,655) $(207,864)
================================================================================================================= ==============
Net amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consist of:
Liability for postretirement benefits (yen)(50,550) (yen)(56,928) $(428,389)
Intangible assets included in other assets 9,179 10,334 77,788
Amount included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), gross of tax 16,843 9,939 142,737
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------
Net amount recognized (yen)(24,528) (yen)(36,655) $(207,864)
================================================================================================================= ==============
</TABLE>
Assumptions used in determining costs of the Company's plan and the funded
status information shown above are as follows:
1999 1998 1997
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Weighted-average discount rate 3.1% 3.5% 3.5%
Rate of increase in future
compensation levels 2.4% 2.4% 2.5%
Expected long-term rate of
return on plan assets 2.1% 2.6% 3.4%
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As a result of the changes in the discount rate in fiscal 1999, the
benefit obligation as of March 31, 1999, was approximately (yen)3,749 million
($31,771 thousand) more than it would have been using the previous 3.5% discount
rate. The effect of those changes had no material impact on the net periodic
costs.
Certain foreign subsidiaries have various funded pension plans, which the
plan assets, and the projected benefit obligations were calculated under the
provisions of SFAS No. 87. The aggregated fair value of plan assets as of March
31, 1999 and 1998, was approximately (yen)8,195 million ($69,449 thousand) and
(yen)9,077 million, respectively, and the aggregated benefit obligations as of
March 31, 1999 and 1998, were approximately (yen)9,063 million ($76,805
thousand) and (yen)8,760 million, respectively. Discount rates of 6.5% to 7.5%
and expected long-term rates of return on plan assets of 7.5% to 9.0% were used
as assumptions in determining the actuarial value of benefit obligations for the
years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997. The amounts of net periodic costs of
foreign pension plans for the years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, were
not material.
Certain domestic subsidiaries also have unfunded severance payment plans
and/or pension plans similar to those of the Company for their employees.
Directors of the companies are primarily covered by unfunded retirement
allowances plans.
Under the unfunded plans described in the preceding paragraphs, the
amounts required if all employees and directors had voluntarily terminated their
employment at each balance-sheet date are fully accrued. The payments to
directors are subject to shareholders' approval.
During fiscal 1999, the Company and certain consolidated subsidiaries have
offered retirement incentive programs to employees and have already paid or
accrued severance payments for the employees who have accepted to entitle such
programs up to March 31, 1999. Accrual for those employees as of March 31, 1999
was included in liability for postretirement benefits in the accompanying
consolidated balance, which amounted to (yen)2,765 million ($23,432 thousand).
Total expenses of all severance-payment and pension plan premiums charged
to income for the years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, were (yen)17,015
million ($144,195 thousand), (yen)13,297 million and (yen)12,449 million,
respectively.
Total expenses of all severance payments for the year ended March 31,1999
included the additional severance payment under the retirement incentive
programs, which amounted to (yen)6,476 million ($54,881 thousand).
Certain foreign subsidiaries have postretirement benefit plans other than
pensions, which are primarily not funded. The accumulated postretirement benefit
obligation at March 31, 1999, and 1998, was (yen)4,869 million ($41,263
thousand) and (yen)4,818 million, respectively, and the accrued postretirement
benefit obligation at March 31, 1999 and 1998, was (yen)3,229 million ($27,364
thousand) and (yen)3,579 million, respectively. The amounts of net periodic
postretirement benefits other than pensions for the years ended March 31, 1999,
1998 and 1997, were not material.
56
<PAGE>
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. Shareholders' Equity
(1) Common Stock and Capital Surplus
Under the Commercial Code of Japan ("the Code"), certain issuance of common
shares, including conversions of debt issued and exercises of warrants, are
required to be credited to the common stock account for at least the greater of
par value or 50% of the proceeds.
The Code permits, upon approval of the Board of Directors, transfer of
amounts from capital surplus to the common stock.
Pursuant to resolutions of the Board of Directors, the Company from time
to time has made free share distributions (Note 1). Such free share
distributions have been accounted for by a transfer from capital surplus to
common stock of the aggregate par value of share issued or no change in common
stock and capital surplus. Publicly owned corporations in the United States
issuing shares in similar transactions would be required to account for them as
stock dividends as of the shareholders' record date by reducing retained
earnings and increasing appropriate capital accounts by an amount equal to the
fair value of the shares issued.
If such United States practice had been applied to the cumulative free
distributions made by the Company, capital surplus at March 31, 1999, would have
been increased by (yen)103,189 million ($874,483 thousand) with a corresponding
decrease in unappropriated retained earnings.
If all convertible bonds were converted at March 31, 1999, 26,504,325
shares of the Company's common stock would be issuable.
At March 31, 1999 and 1998, affiliated companies owned 7,179,857 and
9,601,123 shares of the Company's common stock, respectively.
(2) Retirement of the Company's Outstanding Shares
The Commercial Code of Japan allows a company to retire a portion of its
outstanding shares upon approval of the shareholders at the annual general
shareholders' meeting or of the Board of Directors if stipulated in the Articles
of Corporation. In fiscal 1997, the Company had purchased and retired 20,000,000
shares having a market value of (yen)19,318 million. On November 10, 1997, the
Board of Directors passed a resolution approving the purchase and the retirement
of the outstanding shares of the Company up to a maximum aggregate acquisition
cost of (yen)10,000 million or up to a maximum of 15,000,000 shares before the
close of the next general shareholders' meeting as allowed by the Company's
Articles of Corporation. By March 31, 1999, the Company purchased 15,000,000
shares based on the resolution of the Board of Directors on November 10, 1997,
and had retired shares totaling (yen)9,203 million in 1998 and (yen)570 million
($4,831 thousand) in 1999.
(3) Appropriated for Legal Reserve
The Code provides that an amount at least equal to 10% of all cash payments
which are made as an appropriation of retained earnings applicable to each
fiscal period shall be appropriated as a legal reserve until such reserve equals
25% of the stated amount of capital stock. Legal reserve may be used to
eliminate or reduce a deficit by resolution of the shareholders or may be
transferred to common stock by resolution of the Board of Directors.
(4) Unappropriated Retained Earnings and Dividends
The amount of retained earnings available for dividends under the Code is based
on the amount recorded in the Company's general books of account maintained in
accordance with generally accepted Japanese accounting practices. The
adjustments included in the accompanying financial statements but not recorded
in the general books of account, as explained under "Basis of Financial
Statements" in Note 1, have no effect on the determination of retained earnings
available for dividends under the Code. In addition to the Code provision
requiring an appropriation for legal reserve as discussed above, the Code
imposes certain limitations on the amount of retained earnings available for
dividends. Retained earnings of (yen)253,440 million ($2,147,797 thousand),
shown by the Company's general books of account as of March 31, 1999, is not
restricted by the limitations under the Code.
The Code permits transfers, upon approval of shareholders, of a portion of
unappropriated retained earnings available for dividends to capital stock
account without issuance of any shares.
Dividends are approved by the shareholders at the meeting held subsequent
to the statutory fiscal period to which the dividends are applicable. A
semiannual interim dividend payment may be made by resolution of the Board of
Directors. Such dividends are payable to shareholders of record at the end of
each such fiscal or interim six-month period.
On June 29, 1999, the shareholders authorized payment of a cash dividend
totaling (yen)2,903 million ($24,602 thousand) to shareholders of record on
March 31, 1999. In accordance with the Code, the declaration of this dividend
has not been reflected in the consolidated financial statements as of March 31,
1999. Dividends are reported in the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders'
Equity when paid.
(5) Stock Option Plan
On June 26, 1998, the shareholders authorized the acquisition of 1,000,000
shares of the Company's common stock for the total consideration not exceeding
(yen)1,000 million during the period up to the close of the following annual
general shareholders' meeting. The Company intends to transfer such treasury
shares to directors and certain employees under an agreement granting the right
to request transfer from the treasury shares of the Company at a price
previously fixed. The purchase price will be equal to an amount obtained by
multiplying by 1.05 an average of the closing prices applicable to ordinary
transactions of shares of the Company on the Tokyo Stock Exchange on all days
for a month immediately preceding the month in which the date of grant of the
right falls, provided that the exercise price shall not be less than the closing
price of the shares of the Company on the Tokyo Stock Exchange at the date of
the grant. The options vest 100% on the grant date and will be exercisable from
July 1, 1999. Based on the resolution of the shareholders' meeting on June 26,
1998, the Company acquired 1,000,000 shares of its common stock from the market
for the plan during the year ended March 31, 1999.
SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation" defines a fair
value based method of accounting for a stock
57
<PAGE>
option. This statement gives entities a choice of recognizing related
compensation expense by adopting the new fair value method or to continue to
measure compensation using the intrinsic value approach under APB Opinion No. 25
("Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees"), the former standard. The Company
chose to use the measurement prescribed by APB Opinion No. 25 and no additional
compensation cost has been incurred in fiscal 1999. Had compensation cost for
the Company's stock option plans been determined consistent with SFAS No. 123,
the Company's net loss and net loss per share would have been (yen)12,648
million ($107,186 thousand) and (yen)13.05 (11.1(cent)), respectively.
The following table summarizes information about stock option activity for
the year ended March 31, 1999:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Weighted average
exercise price Weighted Exercise price
Number of ----------------------- average -------------------
shares Yen U.S. dollars Remaining life Low High
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Outstanding at March 31, 1998 -- -- --
Granted 1,000,000 (yen)700 $5.93
Exercised -- -- --
Forfeited or Expired -- -- --
Outstanding at March 31, 1999 1,000,000 700 5.93 5.25 years (yen)700 (yen)700
[Exercisable at March 31, 1999] 0 -- --
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
The fair value of these stock options was estimated using the
Black-Scholes option pricing model under the following assumtions:
1999
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Grant-date fair value (yen)270 ($2.29)
Expected life 6 years
Risk-free rate 1.35%
Expected volatility 44.00%
Expected dividend yield 1.14%
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
On June 29, 1999, the shareholders authorized the acquisition of 1,200,000
shares of the Company's common stock for the total consideration not exceeding
(yen)1,200 million ($10,169 thousand), with the same conditions as the previous
acquisition of 1,000,000 shares of the Company's common stock based on the
resolution of the shareholders' meeting on June 26, 1998. The options vest 100%
on the grant date and will be excercisable from July 1, 2000.
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997,
is as follows
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of
Millions of yen U.S. dollars
-------------------------------------------- ------------
1999 1998 1997 1999
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Foreign currency translation adjustments:
Balance, beginning of year (yen)(15,706) (yen)(17,147) (yen)(18,938) $(133,102)
Aggregate adjustment for the year resulting from
translation of foreign currency financial statements (8,453) 1,441 1,791 (71,635)
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Balance, end of year (yen)(24,159) (yen)(15,706) (yen)(17,147) $(204,737)
================================================================================================================ ============
Net unrealized holding gains on securities available for sale:
Balance, beginning of year (yen) 20,803 (yen) 40,964 (yen) 94,775 $ 176,297
Net increase (decrease) 4,847 (20,161) (53,811) 41,076
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Balance, end of year (yen) 25,650 (yen) 20,803 (yen) 40,964 $ 217,373
================================================================================================================ ============
</TABLE>
58
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of
Millions of yen U.S. dollars
----------------------------------------- ------------
1999 1998 1997 1999
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Pension liability adjustments:
Balance, beginning of year (yen)(5,268) (yen)(4,090) (yen) (749) $(44,644)
Adjustment for the year (3,659) (1,178) (3,341) (31,009)
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Balance, end of year (yen)(8,927) (yen)(5,268) (yen)(4,090) $(75,653)
=========================================================================================== ============
Total accumulated comprehensive income (loss)
Balance, beginning of year (yen) (171) (yen)19,727 (yen)75,088 $ (1,449)
Adjustment for the year (7,265) (19,898) (55,361) (61,568)
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Balance, end of year (yen)(7,436) (yen) (171) (yen)19,727 $(63,017)
=========================================================================================== ============
</TABLE>
Tax effects allocated to each component of other comprehensive income
(loss) and adjustments are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Millions of yen
------------------------------------------
Tax (expense) Net of tax
Pretax amount or benefit amount
- - -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
1999:
Foreign currency translation adjustments (yen) (8,453) (yen) -- (yen) (8,453)
Net unrealized holding gains on securities available for sale:
Unrealized holding gains or (losses) arising during the year (3,932) 1,723 (2,209)
Less: reclassification adjustment for (gains) or losses included in net income (loss) 9,182 (2,126) 7,056
- - -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net unrealized gains (losses) 5,250 (403) 4,847
Pension liability adjustments (6,904) 3,245 (3,659)
- - -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other comprehensive income (loss) (yen) (10,107) (yen) 2,842 (yen) (7,265)
===================================================================================================================================
1998:
Foreign currency translation adjustments (yen) 1,441 (yen) -- (yen) 1,441
Net unrealized holding gains on securities available for sale:
Unrealized holding gains or (losses) arising during the year (34,589) 17,559 (17,030)
Less: reclassification adjustment for (gains) or losses included in net income (loss) (5,908) 2,777 (3,131)
- - -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net unrealized gains (losses) (40,497) 20,336 (20,161)
Pension liability adjustments (1,593) 415 (1,178)
- - -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other comprehensive income (loss) (yen) (40,649) (yen)20,751 (yen)(19,898)
===================================================================================================================================
1997:
Foreign currency translation adjustments (yen) 1,791 (yen) -- (yen) 1,791
Net unrealized holding gains on securities available for sale:
Unrealized holding gains or (losses) arising during the year (106,922) 54,016 (52,906)
Less: reclassification adjustment for (gains) or losses included in net income (loss) (1,847) 942 (905)
- - -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net unrealized gains (losses) (108,769) 54,958 (53,811)
Pension liability adjustments (6,817) 3,476 (3,341)
- - -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other comprehensive income (loss) (yen)(113,795) (yen)58,434 (yen)(55,361)
===================================================================================================================================
<CAPTION>
Thousands of U.S. dollars
----------------------------------------
Tax (expense) Net of tax
Pretax amount or benefit amount
- - -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
1999:
Foreign currency translation adjustments $(71,635) $ -- $(71,635)
Net unrealized holding gains on securities available for sale:
Unrealized holding gains or (losses) arising during the year (33,322) 14,602 (18,720)
Less: reclassification adjustment for (gains) or losses included in net income (loss) 77,813 (18,017) 59,796
- - -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net unrealized gains (losses) 44,491 (3,415) 41,076
Pension liability adjustments (58,509) 27,500 (31,009)
- - -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other comprehensive income (loss) $(85,653) $ 24,085 $(61,568)
===================================================================================================================================
</TABLE>
59
<PAGE>
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. Income Taxes
Income (loss) before income taxes, minority interests and equity in earnings for
the years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of
Millions of yen U.S. dollars
----------------------------------------------------- ------------
1999 1998 1997 1999
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Income (loss) before income taxes:
Domestic (yen) (20,598) (yen) 26,929 (yen) 40,774 $(174,559)
Foreign 10,994 13,323 4,995 93,169
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
(yen) (9,604) (yen) 40,252 (yen) 45,769 $ (81,390)
============================================================================================= ============
Income taxes:
Current--
Domestic (yen) 11,108 (yen) 15,144 (yen) 20,577 $ 94,135
Foreign 7,975 6,292 4,380 67,585
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
19,083 21,436 24,957 161,720
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Deferred--
Domestic (15,105) 227 1,780 (128,008)
Foreign (1,917) (822) (1,175) (16,246)
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
(17,022) (595) 605 (144,254)
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Total (yen) 2,061 (yen) 20,841 (yen) 25,562 $ 17,466
============================================================================================= ============
</TABLE>
Temporary differences and tax loss carryforwards which gave rise to
deferred tax assets and liabilities at March 31, 1999 and 1998, are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of
Millions of yen U.S. dollars
--------------------------------- ------------
1999 1998 1999
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Deferred tax assets:
Unrealized intercompany profit (yen) 18,622 (yen) 16,844 $ 157,814
Allowances provided, not yet recognized for tax 5,829 4,307 49,398
Accrued expenses 15,881 11,465 134,585
Inventories 6,004 4,710 50,881
Net operating loss carryforwards 16,603 11,295 140,703
Research and development expenses 6,004 4,130 50,881
Other 8,078 6,345 68,458
Less--Valuation allowance (20,412) (18,417) (172,983)
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
(yen) 56,609 (yen) 40,679 $ 479,737
==================================================================================================== ============
Deferred tax liabilities:
Unrealized holding gains on securities available for sale (yen) 23,641 (yen) 23,763 $ 200,347
Deferral of profit from installment sales 6,154 9,136 52,153
Deferred gains on sales of property for tax purposes 9,899 8,586 83,890
Other 3,531 4,411 29,924
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
(yen) 43,225 (yen) 45,896 $ 366,314
==================================================================================================== ============
</TABLE>
60
<PAGE>
The net change in the total valuation allowance for the years ended March
31, 1999 and 1998, was an increase of (yen)1,995 million ($16,907 thousand) and
(yen)517 million, respectively.
Income taxes in Japan applicable to the companies, imposed by the
national, prefecture and municipal governments, in the aggregate result in a
normal statutory tax rate of approximately 47% for the year ended March 31, 1999
and approximately 51% for the years ended March 31, 1998 and 1997. However, due
to a change in Japanese income tax regulations, effective April 1, 1999 the
normal statutory tax rate was reduced to approximately 41.7% and such a rate has
been used in calculating the future expected tax effects of significant
temporary differences.
The overall effective tax rates reflected in the Consolidated Statements
of Income (income taxes as a percentage of income (loss) before income taxes,
minority interests and equity in earnings) for the years ended March 31, 1999,
1998 and 1997, were 21.5%, 51.8% and 55.9%, respectively.
The differences between the normal tax rates and the effective tax rates
for the years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, are summarized as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1999 1998 1997
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Normal tax rate (47.0)% 51.0% 51.0%
Increase (decrease) in tax rates resulting from:
Operating losses of subsidiaries 70.5 12.1 6.9
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes 11.6 3.5 4.1
Gain on sale of minority interest -- (5.4) --
Realization of tax benefits on operating losses of subsidiaries (1.0) (8.6) (0.9)
Income of foreign subsidiaries taxed at lower than Japanese normal rate (17.5) (2.8) (5.8)
Effect of tax rate change 3.8 0.9 --
Other, net 1.1 1.1 0.6
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effective tax rate 21.5% 51.8% 55.9%
========================================================================================================================
</TABLE>
Foreign subsidiaries are subject to income taxes of the countries in which
they operate.
At March 31, 1999 and 1998, no deferred tax liabilities were recognized
for income taxes on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries and
affiliated companies aggregating to (yen)27,219 million ($230,669 thousand) and
(yen)15,478 million, respectively, because the Company currently does not expect
those earnings to be distributed and/or believes that no material additional
taxation would be incurred should they be distributed to the Company under the
current circumstances.
At March 31, 1999, certain subsidiaries had operating loss carryforwards
aggregating to approximately (yen)43,578 million ($369,305 thousand) which may
be used as a deduction in determining taxable income in future periods. The
operating loss carryforwards of (yen)27,028 million ($229,051 thousand) expire
through December 31, 2018, while the remainder have an indefinite carryforward
period.
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14. Rent Expenses
The companies lease office space and equipment, employees' housing, etc., under
cancelable and noncancelable operating lease agreements. Rent expenses under
such leases amounted to (yen)10,680 million ($90,508 thousand), (yen)12,059
million and (yen)13,409 million, respectively, for the years ended March 31,
1999, 1998 and 1997. Certain leased contracts for equipment were classified as
capital lease in conformity with SFAS No. 13 "Accounting for Leases" but were
not capitalized because of immateriality.
At March 31, 1999, the future minimum lease payments under these operating
leases are as follows:
Year ending Thousands of
March 31 Millions of yen U.S. dollars
- - --------------------------------------- ------------
2000 (yen) 5,079 $ 43,042
2001 4,309 36,517
2002 3,646 30,898
2003 3,233 27,398
2004 3,517 29,805
Thereafter 6,573 55,704
- - --------------------------------------- ------------
Total (yen) 26,357 $223,364
======================================= ============
61
<PAGE>
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15. Research and Development and Advertising Expenses
Research and development expenses charged to costs and expenses for the years
ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, amounted to (yen)45,712 million ($387,390
thousand), (yen)44,058 million and (yen)40,952 million, respectively.
Advertising expenses charged to costs and expenses as incurred for the
years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, amounted to (yen)5,579 million
($47,280 thousand), (yen)4,691 million and (yen)4,526 million, respectively.
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16. Net Income (Loss) per Share
A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted net
income (loss) per share computations is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of
Millions of yen U.S. dollars
--------------------------------------------- ------------
1999 1998 1997 1999
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net income (loss) (yen)(12,378) (yen)19,241 (yen)18,160 $(104,898)
Effect of dilutive securities:
1.8% Japanese yen convertible bonds, due 2004 -- 237 234 --
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Diluted net income (loss) (yen)(12,378) (yen)19,478 (yen)18,394 $(104,898)
========================================================================================================== ============
<CAPTION>
Number of shares
---------------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Average common shares outstanding 968,941,887 981,508,534 994,275,463
Dilutive effect of:
1.8% Japanese yen convertible bonds, due 2004 -- 26,504,325 26,092,462
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Diluted common shares outstanding 968,941,887 1,008,012,859 1,020,367,925
==========================================================================================================
<CAPTION>
Yen U.S. cents
--------------------------------------------- ------------
1999 1998 1997 1999
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic (yen)(12.77) (yen)19.60 (yen)18.26 (10.8)(cent)
Diluted (12.77) 19.32 18.02 (10.8)(cent)
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
</TABLE>
1.8% Japanese yen convertible bonds, due 2004 was excluded from the net
loss per share calculation for fiscal 1999 because the effect would be
antidilutive.
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities
At March 31, 1999, the companies were contingently liable for discounted and
transferred receivables on a recourse basis with the financial institutions of
(yen)8,170 million ($69,237 thousand) and also as guarantors of indebtedness of
others, including letter of awareness and keep well agreement, aggregating
(yen)25,493 million ($216,042 thousand), including (yen)3,688 million ($31,254
thousand) relating to affiliated companies.
Commitments for capital expenditures outstanding at March 31, 1999,
aggregated approximately (yen)2,123 million ($17,992 thousand).
The companies are involved in certain legal actions and claims arising in
the ordinary course of their business. It is the opinion of management and legal
counsel that such litigation and claims will be resolved without material effect
on the companies' financial position.
The companies have business activities with customers, dealers and
associates around the world and their trade receivables from and guarantees to
such parties are well diversified to minimize concentrations of credit risks.
Management does not anticipate incurring losses on their trade receivables in
excess of established allowances.
62
<PAGE>
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18. Derivative Financial Instruments
The companies utilize derivative financial instruments such as interest rate
swap agreements and foreign exchange contracts to reduce market risks of changes
in interest rates on debts and changes in currency exchange rates on assets and
liabilities. The companies do not hold or issue derivative financial instruments
for non-hedging or speculation purposes.
The companies are exposed to credit-related losses in the event of
nonperformance by counterparties to derivative financial instruments, but it
does not expect any counterparties to fail to meet their obligations because of
the high credit rating of the counterparties. The primary derivative instruments
used by the companies are as follows:
(1) Interest Rate Swap and Cap Agreements
The companies have entered into interest rate swap and cap agreements, partly
concurrent with currency swap agreements which were made to manage their
interest rate and foreign currency exposure for certain short-term and long-term
debts and investment securities in an aggregate notional amount of (yen)224,453
million ($1,902,144 thousand) and (yen)151,776 million at March 31, 1999 and
1998, respectively.
(2) Foreign Exchange Contracts
Notional principal amounts of foreign exchange contracts outstanding at March
31, 1999 and 1998, are set forth below.
Thousands of
Millions of yen U.S. dollars
------------------------------ ------------
1999 1998 1999
- - ----------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Forwards and swaps:
To sell foreign
currencies (yen) 50,663 (yen) 46,640 $429,347
To purchase foreign
currencies 10,579 4,816 89,653
- - ----------------------------------------------------------- ------------
The companies enter into forward exchange contracts and swaps to hedge
existing assets and liabilities and certain sale commitments denominated in
foreign currencies (principally U.S. dollar and Deutsche mark). The terms of
these foreign exchange contracts rarely extend beyond three months except for
those related to long-term debts denominated in foreign currencies which have
the same terms as underlying debts.
Net foreign currency transaction losses of (yen)2,596 million ($22,000
thousand), gains of (yen)529 million, and losses of (yen)855 million for the
years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively, were included in the
determination of net income (loss).
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19. The Fair Value of Financial Instruments
(1) Cash and Cash Equivalents, Time Deposits, Trade Notes and Accounts
Receivables, Other Current Assets, Short-Term Debt, Trade Notes and Accounts
Payables, and Other Current Liabilities
The carrying amount approximates fair value because of the short maturity of
these instruments.
(2) Marketable Securities and Investment Securities
The fair values of marketable securities and investment securities available for
sale are based on quoted market prices.
(3) Installment Receivables
The fair values of installment receivables are based on the present value of
future cash flows through estimated interests and maturity, discounted using
estimated current interest rates. As the result of computing such fair value,
the carrying amounts approximate fair values (Note 3).
(4) Long-Term Debt
The fair values of each of the long-term debts are based on the quoted price in
the most active market or the present value of future cash flows associated with
each instrument discounted using the current borrowing rate for similar debt of
comparable maturity.
(5) Derivative Financial Instruments
The fair values of derivative financial instruments, consisting principally of
foreign currency contracts and interest swap agreements, are estimated by
obtaining quotes from brokers.
63
<PAGE>
The carrying amounts and the estimated fair values of the financial
instruments as of March 31, 1999 and 1998, are summarized as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Millions of yen Thousands of U.S. dollars
--------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
1999 1998 1999
--------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
Carrying Estimated Carrying Estimated Carrying Estimated
amount fair value amount fair value amount fair value
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Marketable securities (yen) 54,434 (yen) 54,434 (yen) 74,623 (yen) 74,623 $ 461,305 $ 461,305
Investment securities 88,447 88,447 99,115 99,115 749,551 749,551
Long-term debt, including current portion 329,855 339,636 252,667 246,683 2,795,381 2,878,271
Derivatives:
Foreign exchange contracts
Assets 234 604 393 207 1,983 5,119
Liabilities 453 735 687 964 3,839 6,229
Interest rate swap and cap agreements
Assets 186 4,559 7,253 7,104 1,576 38,636
Liabilities -- 1,199 -- 4,297 -- 10,161
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
</TABLE>
Limitations
Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant
market information and information about the financial instrument. These
estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of
significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes
in assumptions could affect the estimates.
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20. Business Segment Information
Under SFAS No. 131, operating segments are defined as components of an
enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is
evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, in deciding how to
allocate resources and in assessing performance. The operating segments are
managed separately because each operating segment represents a strategic
business unit that offers different products and services.
The Company operates on a worldwide basis principally within five
operating segments: 1) Construction and mining equipment, 2) Electronics, 3)
Civil engineering and construction, 4) Industrial machinery, and 5) Others.
The following tables present certain information regarding the companies'
operating segments and geographic information at March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997,
and for the years then ended:
Operating segments:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of
Millions of yen U.S. dollars
-------------------------------------------------------- ------------
1999 1998 1997 1999
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales:
Construction and mining equipment--
Customers (yen) 731,077 (yen) 721,875 (yen) 716,932 $ 6,195,568
Intersegment 1,693 320 796 14,347
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------
Total 732,770 722,195 717,728 6,209,915
Electronics--
Customers 86,608 104,265 90,553 733,966
Intersegment 102 154 115 865
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------
Total 86,710 104,419 90,668 734,831
Civil engineering and construction--
Customers 77,020 94,889 99,801 652,712
Intersegment 13,695 9,554 6,310 116,059
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------
Total 90,715 104,443 106,111 768,771
Industrial machinery--
Customers 42,676 51,231 47,967 361,661
Intersegment 1,499 1,891 3,434 12,703
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------
Total 44,175 53,122 51,401 374,364
Others--
Customers 124,216 131,817 143,663 1,052,678
Intersegment 60,815 55,465 49,020 515,381
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------
Total 185,031 187,282 192,683 1,568,059
Elimination (77,804) (67,384) (59,675) (659,355)
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------
Consolidated (yen)1,061,597 (yen)1,104,077 (yen)1,098,916 $ 8,996,585
============================================================================================================ ============
</TABLE>
64
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of
Millions of yen U.S. dollars
-------------------------------------------------------- ------------
1999 1998 1997 1999
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Operating income (loss):
Construction and mining equipment (yen) 30,963 (yen) 36,976 (yen) 34,027 $ 262,398
Electronics (18,074) 4,043 12,083 (153,169)
Civil engineering and construction (2,984) 338 341 (25,288)
Industrial machinery (1,961) 88 62 (16,619)
Others 1,133 4,907 7,627 9,602
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------
Total 9,077 46,352 54,140 76,924
Corporate expenses and elimination (4,796) (3,254) (4,237) (40,644)
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------
Consolidated operating income (loss) 4,281 43,098 49,903 36,280
Interest and other income 25,655 24,319 18,919 217,415
Interest expense 21,219 17,138 17,584 179,822
Other expenses 18,321 10,027 5,469 155,263
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------
Consolidated income (loss) before income taxes (yen) (9,604) (yen) 40,252 (yen) 45,769 $ (81,390)
============================================================================================================ ============
Identifiable assets:
Construction and mining equipment (yen) 837,637 (yen) 801,875 (yen) 777,323 $ 7,098,619
Electronics 263,951 235,456 146,131 2,236,873
Civil engineering and construction 82,506 98,629 101,224 699,203
Industrial machinery 41,463 50,761 50,430 351,381
Others 218,495 255,199 247,748 1,851,653
Corporate assets and elimination 80,548 119,742 189,874 682,610
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------
Consolidated (yen)1,524,600 (yen)1,561,662 (yen)1,512,730 $12,920,339
============================================================================================================ ============
Depreciation and amortization:
Construction and mining equipment (yen) 26,511 (yen) 23,401 (yen) 22,101 $ 224,669
Electronics 16,328 16,891 12,603 138,373
Civil engineering and construction 2,547 2,540 2,177 21,585
Industrial machinery 1,119 943 841 9,483
Others 5,645 4,854 4,626 47,839
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------
Consolidated (yen) 52,150 (yen) 48,629 (yen) 42,348 $ 441,949
============================================================================================================ ============
Capital expenditures:
Construction and mining equipment (yen) 45,531 (yen) 32,845 (yen) 30,568 $ 385,856
Electronics 61,854 79,557 31,361 524,186
Civil engineering and construction 1,656 4,157 3,052 14,034
Industrial machinery 862 994 1,089 7,305
Others 4,971 5,473 4,861 42,127
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------
Consolidated (yen) 114,874 (yen) 123,026 (yen) 70,931 $ 973,508
============================================================================================================ ============
</TABLE>
Transfer between segments are made at arm's-length prices. Operating
income (loss) is sales less costs and operating expenses. Identifiable assets
are those assets used in the operations of each segment. Unallocated corporate
assets consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities
maintained for general corporate purposes.
65
<PAGE>
Geographic information:
Net sales recognized by sales destination for the years ended March 31, 1999,
1998 and 1997 are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of
Millions of yen U.S. dollars
------------------------------------------------------ ------------
1999 1998 1997 1999
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Japan (yen) 523,946 (yen) 605,901 (yen) 687,459 $4,440,220
Americas 272,091 230,824 170,683 2,305,856
Europe 119,270 113,427 87,047 1,010,763
Asia (excluding Japan) and Oceania 96,853 109,572 126,812 820,788
Middle East and Africa 49,437 44,353 26,915 418,958
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Net sales (yen)1,061,597 (yen)1,104,077 (yen)1,098,916 $8,996,585
============================================================================================== ============
</TABLE>
Net sales recognized by geographic origin and long-lived assets at March
31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, and for the years then ended are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of
Millions of yen U.S. dollars
------------------------------------------------------ ------------
1999 1998 1997 1999
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales:
Japan (yen) 601,583 (yen) 740,313 (yen) 834,355 $5,098,161
U.S.A 281,337 242,275 168,439 2,384,212
Europe 114,247 91,335 61,475 968,195
Other 64,430 30,154 34,647 546,017
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Total (yen)1,061,597 (yen)1,104,077 (yen)1,098,916 $8,996,585
============================================================================================== ============
Long-lived assets:
Japan (yen) 310,412 (yen) 296,590 (yen) 296,307 $2,630,610
U.S.A 159,899 137,360 44,399 1,355,076
Europe 17,997 15,101 17,096 152,517
Other 25,962 14,047 6,825 220,017
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Total (yen) 514,270 (yen) 463,098 (yen) 364,627 $4,358,220
============================================================================================== ============
</TABLE>
No individual country within Europe or other areas had a material impact on net
sales or long-lived assets. There were no sales to a single major external
customer for the years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997.
66
<PAGE>
The following information shows net sales and operating income (loss)
recognized by geographic origin for the years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and
1997. In addition to the disclosure requirements under SFAS No. 131, the company
discloses this information as supplemental information in light of the
disclosure requirements of the Japanese Securities and Exchange Law, which a
Japanese public company is subject to:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of
Millions of yen U.S. dollars
-------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
1999 1998 1997 1999
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales:
Japan--
Customers (yen) 601,583 (yen) 740,313 (yen) 834,355 $ 5,098,161
Intersegment 152,148 124,740 83,779 1,289,390
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Total 753,731 865,053 918,134 6,387,551
Americas--
Customers 287,006 251,745 174,573 2,432,254
Intersegment 12,778 7,403 6,176 108,288
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Total 299,784 259,148 180,749 2,540,542
Europe--
Customers 114,247 91,335 61,475 968,195
Intersegment 7,267 5,223 1,730 61,585
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Total 121,514 96,558 63,205 1,029,780
Other--
Customers 58,761 20,684 28,513 497,975
Intersegment 4,174 2,269 381 35,372
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Total 62,935 22,953 28,894 533,347
Elimination (176,367) (139,635) (92,066) (1,494,635)
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Consolidated (yen) 1,061,597 (yen) 1,104,077 (yen) 1,098,916 $ 8,996,585
======================================================================================================== ============
Operating income (loss):
Japan (yen) (10,052) (yen) 27,650 (yen) 46,936 $ (85,186)
Americas 7,594 14,064 9,298 64,356
Europe 9,253 4,390 342 78,415
Other 534 126 (57) 4,525
Corporate and elimination (3,048) (3,132) (6,616) (25,830)
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Consolidated (yen) 4,281 (yen) 43,098 (yen) 49,903 $ 36,280
======================================================================================================== ============
Identifiable assets:
Japan (yen) 1,008,678 (yen) 1,012,279 (yen) 1,035,581 $ 8,548,119
Americas 341,414 319,577 186,626 2,893,339
Europe 93,482 93,467 100,802 792,220
Other 89,151 35,655 20,294 755,517
Corporate assets and elimination (8,125) 100,684 169,427 (68,856)
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Consolidated (yen) 1,524,600 (yen) 1,561,662 (yen) 1,512,730 $ 12,920,339
======================================================================================================== ============
Export sales (yen) 80,081 (yen) 137,936 (yen) 149,050 $ 678,653
======================================================================================================== ============
</TABLE>
Transfer between segments are made at arm's-length prices. Operating
income (loss) is sales less costs and operating expenses. Identifiable assets
are those assets used in the operations of each segment. Unallocated corporate
assets consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities
maintained for general corporate purposes.
67
<PAGE>
Report of Independent Public Accountants
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Komatsu Ltd.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of KOMATSU LTD. (a
Japanese corporation) and consolidated subsidiaries as of March 31, 1999 and
1998, and the related consolidated statements of income, shareholders' equity
and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 1999,
expressed in yen. These financial statements are the responsibility of the
Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present
fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Komatsu Ltd. and
consolidated subsidiaries as of March 31, 1999 and 1998, and the results of
their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period
ended March 31, 1999, in conformity with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America (see Note 1).
In our opinion, the amounts translated into U.S. dollars in the accompanying
consolidated financial statements have been computed on the basis set forth in
Note 1.
/s/ Arthur Andersen
Tokyo, Japan
June 30, 1999
68
<PAGE>
KOMATSU LTD. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
SUPPLEMENTAL NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
TO CONFORM WITH REGULATION S-X
A. TRADE NOTES AND ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
Interest charged on installment receivables ranges principally from 3.8% to
6.0% annually.
At March 31, 1999 and 1998 trade notes and accounts receivable were
comprised of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of
Millions of Yen U.S. dollars
------------------------------- -----------------
1999 1998 1999
------------- -------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Notes:
Affiliated companies (Yen) 1,805 (Yen) 2,333 $ 15,297
Other 173,292 190,243 1,468,576
------------- -------------- -----------------
Total 175,097 192,576 1,483,873
------------- -------------- -----------------
Accounts:
Affiliated companies 45,732 41,512 387,559
Other 170,001 205,043 1,440,687
------------- -------------- -----------------
Total 215,733 246,555 1,828,246
------------- -------------- -----------------
Unearned interest (4,138) (4,854) (35,068)
Allowance for doubtful receivables (12,535) (11,644) (106,229)
============= ============== =================
Total (Yen)374,157 (Yen)422,633 $3,170,822
============= ============== =================
</TABLE>
B. DEFERRED INCOME TAXES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
At March 31, 1999 and 1998 deferred income taxes and other current assets
were comprised of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of
Millions of Yen U.S. dollars
------------------------------- -----------------
1999 1998 1999
------------- -------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Prepaid expenses (Yen) 3,807 (Yen) 5,799 $ 32,263
Short-term loans receivable:
Affiliated companies 21,146 28,043 179,203
Other 32,813 30,376 278,077
------------- -------------- -----------------
Total 53,959 58,419 457,280
------------- -------------- -----------------
Deferred income taxes 18,503 9,290 156,805
Other 25,675 20,294 217,583
============= ============== =================
Total (Yen)101,944 (Yen)93,802 $863,931
============= ============== =================
</TABLE>
A-1
<PAGE>
C. DEFERRED INCOME TAXES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
At March 31, 1999 and 1998 deferred income taxes and other current
liabilities comprised of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of
Millions of Yen U.S. dollars
------------------------------- -----------------
1999 1998 1999
------------- -------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Accrued expenses (Yen)100,300 (Yen) 93,434 $ 850,000
Customers' advances and employees' deposits 17,772 19,499 150,610
Deferred income taxes 8,274 13,307 70,119
============= ============== =================
Total (Yen)126,346 (Yen)126,240 $1,070,729
============= ============== =================
</TABLE>
D. UNAPPROPRIATED RETAINED EARNINGS
At March 31, 1999 consolidated unappropriated retained earnings included
the companies' share of undistributed earnings of 50% or less owned
companies accounted for by the equity method amounting to(Yen)4,802 million
($40,695 thousand).
E. INTEREST AND OTHER INCOME
Interest and other income for the years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997
were comprised of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of
Millions of Yen U.S. dollars
--------------------------------------------- -----------------
1999 1998 1997 1999
------------- ------------- ------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Interest and other income:
Interest-
Installment receivables (Yen) 7,521 (Yen) 7,224 (Yen) 6,593 $ 63,737
Other 6,020 4,215 4,749 51,017
Dividends 1,880 1,590 1,754 15,932
Net gain on sales of marketable
securities and investments - 8,285 1,847 -
Net gain on sales of properties 7,912 1,740 2,636 67,051
Insurance commission 613 269 609 5,195
Miscellaneous 1,709 996 731 14,483
============= ============= ============= =================
Total (Yen)25,655 (Yen)24,319 (Yen)18,919 $217,415
============= ============= ============= =================
</TABLE>
A-2
<PAGE>
F. OTHER EXPENSE
Other expense for the years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997 were
comprised of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Thousands of
Millions of Yen U.S. dollars
--------------------------------------------- -----------------
1999 1998 1997 1999
------------- ------------- ------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Other expense:
Loss on marketable securities (Yen) 4,679 (Yen) - (Yen) - $ 39,653
Loss on fixed assets 6,418 4,524 2,571 54,390
Amortization of Goodwill 1,726 2,127 1,561 14,627
Exchange loss, net 2,596 - 855 22,000
Other 2,902 3,376 482 24,593
============= ============= ============= =================
Total (Yen)18,321 (Yen)10,027 (Yen)5,469 $155,263
============= ============= ============= =================
</TABLE>
A-3
<PAGE>
SCHEDULE II
KOMATSU LTD. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Millions of Yen
-----------------------------------------------------
Column A Column B Column C
- - --------------------------------------------------------- -------- ---------
Additions
---------
Balance at
beginning of Charged to costs Charged to
Description fiscal period and expenses other accounts
- - --------------------------------------------------------- --------------- ------------------ ------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Valuation and qualifying accounts deducted from assets
to which they apply:
Allowance for doubtful receivables
Year ended March 31, 1999 (Yen)11,644 (Yen) 1,571 -
=========== =========== ==========
Year ended March 31, 1998 (Yen)11,282 (Yen) 460 -
=========== =========== ==========
Year ended March 31, 1997 (Yen)10,810 (Yen) 815 -
=========== =========== ==========
Valuation allowance of deferred tax assets
Year ended March 31, 1999 (Yen)18,417 (Yen) 6,466 -
=========== =========== ==========
Year ended March 31, 1998 (Yen)17,900 (Yen) 4,016 -
=========== =========== ==========
Year ended March 31, 1997 (Yen)17,975 (Yen) 3,404 -
=========== =========== ==========
Liability for post-retirement benefits
Year ended March 31, 1999 (Yen)80,294 (Yen) 5,378 (Yen)7,642 (c)
=========== =========== ==========
Year ended March 31, 1998 (Yen)81,140 (Yen) 6,757 (Yen) 325 (c)
=========== =========== ==========
Year ended March 31, 1997 (Yen)69,137 (Yen)13,531 (Yen)9,741 (c)
=========== =========== ==========
<CAPTION>
Thousands of U.S.
Millions of Yen dollars
--------------------------------- ----------------
Column A Column D Column E Column E
- - --------------------------------------------------------- -------- -------- --------
Balance at end Balance at end of
Description Deductions of fiscal period fiscal period
- - --------------------------------------------------------- --------------- ---------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Valuation and qualifying accounts deducted from assets
to which they apply:
Allowance for doubtful receivables
Year ended March 31, 1999 (Yen) 680 (a) (Yen)12,535 $106,229
=========== =========== ========
Year ended March 31, 1998 (Yen) 98 (a) (Yen)11,644
=========== =========== ========
Year ended March 31, 1997 (Yen) 343 (a) (Yen)11,282
=========== =========== ========
Valuation allowance of deferred tax assets
Year ended March 31, 1999 (Yen) 4,471 (b) (Yen)20,412 $172,983
=========== =========== ========
Year ended March 31, 1998 (Yen) 3,499 (b) (Yen)18,417
=========== =========== ========
Year ended March 31, 1997 (Yen) 3,479 (b) (Yen)17,900
=========== =========== ========
Liability for post-retirement benefits
Year ended March 31, 1999 (Yen)14,763 (d) (Yen)78,551 $665,686
=========== =========== ========
Year ended March 31, 1998 (Yen) 7,928 (d) (Yen)80,294
=========== =========== ========
Year ended March 31, 1997 (Yen)11,269 (d) (Yen)81,140
=========== =========== ========
(a) Principally uncollectible accounts and notes charged to the allowance
(b) Realization or expiration of net operating loss carryforwards
(c) Charged to other assets, deferred income taxes and pension liability
adjustments
(d) Principally reversal due to retirement and termination of employees
and directors
</TABLE>
A-4
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 23
Report of Independent Public Accountants
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors
of Komatsu Ltd.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of KOMATSU LTD. (a
Japanese corporation) and consolidated subsidiaries as of March 31, 1999 and
1998, and the related consolidated statements of income, shareholders' equity
and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 1999,
expressed in yen. These financial statements and the schedules referred to
below are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is
to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedules based on our
audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards
in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and
perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present
fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Komatsu Ltd. and
consolidated subsidiaries as of March 31, 1999 and 1998, and the results of
their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period
ended March 31, 1999, in conformity with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America (see Note 1).
In our opinion, the translated amounts in the accompanying consolidated
financial statements translated into U.S. dollars have been computed on the
basis set forth in Note 1.
B-1
<PAGE>
- 2 -
Our audits were made for the purpose of forming an opinion on the basic
financial statements taken as a whole. The information in the supplemental
notes and a schedule listed in the index to consolidated financial statements
are presented for purposes of complying with the Securities and Exchange
Commission's rules and are not part of the basic financial statements. These
supplemental notes and the schedule have been subjected to the auditing
procedures applied in our audits of the basic financial statements and, in our
opinion, fairly state, in all material respects, the financial data required to
be set forth therein, in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a
whole.
/s/ Arthur Andersen
Tokyo, Japan
June 30, 1999
B-2
