MACDERMID INC
PRES14A, 1997-10-14
MISCELLANEOUS CHEMICAL PRODUCTS
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<PAGE>
 
 
                          SCHEDULE 14A INFORMATION
 
PROXY STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 14(A) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
                              (AMENDMENT NO.  )
 
Filed by the Registrant [X]
 
Filed by a Party other than the Registrant [_]
 
Check the appropriate box:
 
[X] Preliminary Proxy Statement       [_] Confidential, for Use of the
                                          Commission Only (as permitted by
                                          Rule 14a-6(e)(2))
 
[_] Definitive Proxy Statement
 
[_] Definitive Additional Materials
 
[_] Soliciting Material Pursuant to (S)240.14a-11(c) or (S)240.14a-12

 
                                MacDermid, Inc.
               ------------------------------------------------
               (Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter)
 
               ------------------------------------------------
                  (Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement)
 

Payment of Filing Fee (check the appropriate box):
 
[X] No fee required

[_] Fee computed on table below per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(4) and 0-11.
 
    (1) Title of each class of securities to which transaction applies:

        ________________________________________________________________________

    (2) Aggregate number of securities to which transaction applies:

        ________________________________________________________________________
 
    (3) Per unit price or other underlying value of transaction computed
        pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 0-11 (Set forth the amount on which the
        filing fee is calculated and state how it was determined):

        ________________________________________________________________________

    (4) Proposed maximum aggregate value of transaction:

        ________________________________________________________________________

    (5) Total fee paid:

        ________________________________________________________________________
 
[_] Fee paid previously with preliminary materials.

[_] Check box if any part of the fee is offset as provided by Exchange Act Rule
    0-11(a)(2) and identify the filing for which the offsetting fee was paid
    previously. Identify the previous filing by registration statement number,
    or the Form or Schedule and the date of its filing.
 
    (1) Amount Previously Paid:

        ________________________________________________________________________
 
    (2) Form, Schedule or Registration Statement No.:

        ________________________________________________________________________
 
    (3) Filing Party:

        ________________________________________________________________________
 
    (4) Date Filed:

        ________________________________________________________________________

<PAGE>
 
                                   MACDERMID
 
                                 INCORPORATED
                              245 FREIGHT STREET
                           WATERBURY, CT 06702-0671
 
                   NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
                          TO BE HELD DECEMBER 1, 1997

  A Special Meeting of Shareholders of MacDermid, Incorporated ("MacDermid")
will be held at MacDermid, Incorporated, 245 Freight Street, Waterbury, CT
06702 on Monday, December 1, 1997 at 11:00 A.M. EDT, for the following purpos-
es:
 
  1. To consider and act upon a proposal to amend MacDermid's Restated Certif-
icate of Incorporation to increase the authorized number of shares of
MacDermid's common stock from 20 million to 75 million;
 
  2. To consider and act upon a proposal to amend MacDermid's Restated Certif-
icate of Incorporation to provide for written shareholder action by less than
unanimous consent pursuant to the provisions of Section 33-698 of the Connect-
icut Business Corporation Act; and
 
  3. To transact such other business as may properly come before the meeting
or any adjournment thereof.
 
  The Board of Directors has fixed the close of business on October 22, 1997
as the record date for the determination of shareholders who will be entitled
to notice of and to vote at the meeting.
 
  You are requested to promptly vote, date and sign the enclosed proxy and re-
turn it in the enclosed postage-paid envelope at your earliest convenience
prior to the meeting. Because it is impractical to eliminate duplication, sep-
arate proxies are mailed to persons whose names are shown in more than one way
on MacDermid's stock records. Therefore, you may receive more than one proxy.
Please vote, date, sign and return all proxies received.
 
  If you are an employee participating in MacDermid's Employees Profit Sharing
or Employee Stock Ownership Plans, you will receive separate instructions cov-
ering shares held for your account in such plan or plans.
 
  Your proxy vote is very important. Prompt return of all your proxies will
minimize proxy solicitation expense, assure a quorum and avoid confusion and
delay at the meeting.
 
By Order of the Board of Directors,
 
    JOHN L. CORDANI
    Corporate Secretary
 

Waterbury, Connecticut
October 27, 1997



(IN ORDER TO AVOID UNNECESSARY EXPENSE), we urge you to indicate voting in-
structions on the enclosed proxy and date, sign and return it promptly PRIOR
to the meeting in the envelope provided, no matter how large or small your
holdings may be.
<PAGE>
 
                            PROXY STATEMENT GENERAL

  The accompanying proxy is being solicited by the Board of Directors of
MacDermid, Incorporated ("MacDermid") for use at a Special Meeting of
Shareholders of MacDermid and at any and all adjournments thereof (the
"Meeting") to be held, pursuant to the accompanying Notice of Special Meeting
of Shareholders, at MacDermid, Incorporated, 245 Freight Street, Waterbury, CT
06702 on Monday, December 1, 1997 at 11:00 A.M., EDT.
 
  Each holder of MacDermid's common stock (the "Common Stock") is entitled to
one vote per share on each matter to be brought before the Meeting. Valid
proxies will be voted as specified thereon at the Meeting. Any shareholder
giving a proxy in the accompanying form (a "Proxy") retains the power to
revoke it at any time prior to the exercise of the powers conferred thereby by
(1) delivering written notice of such revocation to John L. Cordani, Corporate
Secretary, MacDermid, Incorporated, 245 Freight Street, Waterbury, Connecticut
06702-0671; (2) delivering to the Corporate Secretary a duly executed Proxy or
other proxy form bearing a date subsequent to the date on the given Proxy; or
(3) appearing at the Meeting and requesting to vote his or her shares in
person. Any shareholder who attends the Meeting in person will not be deemed
thereby to revoke the Proxy unless such shareholder affirmatively indicates at
the Meeting his or her intention to vote the shares in person.
 
  Unless a shareholder provides contrary instructions on a Proxy, all shares
represented by the Proxy (if not revoked before such shares are voted) will be
voted for approval of the proposed amendments to the Company's Restated
Certificate of Incorporation (the "Charter"), and by the persons granted the
proxies in their discretion on any other business properly to come before the
Meeting.
 
  MacDermid has retained D.F. King & Co., Inc. of New York, New York ("King")
to assist with the solicitation of Proxies and the mailing and
distribution of proxy material. The anticipated cost of King's services,
including reimbursement for expenses, is approximately [$8,500]. MacDermid
will bear the cost of the solicitation of Proxies, which may include the
reasonable expenses of brokerage firms and others for forwarding Proxies and
proxy material to the beneficial owners of Common Stock. In addition to the
use of the mails, Proxies may be solicited by King and by regular employees of
MacDermid personally or by telephone or telegram. Votes will be counted by
employees of Harris Trust Company of New York, New York, MacDermid's transfer
agent. MacDermid currently anticipates that Mr. John L. Cordani and Ms. Sharon
J. Stone, employees of MacDermid, will be the Inspectors of Election who will
certify the votes at the Meeting.
 
  Only holders of Common Stock of record at the close of business on October
22, 1997 are entitled to notice of and to vote at the Meeting. On that date
there were     shares of Common Stock outstanding and entitled to be voted.
Holders of a majority of such outstanding shares, present in person or
represented by proxy, will be necessary to constitute a quorum at the Meeting.
If a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares
present in person or represented by proxy at the Meeting will be necessary for
the approval of the items proposed and set forth herein. Abstentions and
broker non-votes are counted for purposes of determining the presence or
absence of a quorum. Abstentions are counted in determining the shares
represented at the Meeting with respect to each proposal presented to
shareholders, but broker non-votes are not counted for such purpose.
 
  Any shares held for the account of a shareholder who participates in the
MacDermid Dividend Reinvestment Plan will be voted automatically with the
shareholder's other shares of Common Stock as directed by the shareholder on
the enclosed Proxy.
 
  The approximate date on which this Proxy Statement and the accompanying
Proxy are first sent to shareholders is October 27, 1997.

                     EVERY SHAREHOLDER'S VOTE IS IMPORTANT
  PLEASE COMPLETE, SIGN AND RETURN YOUR PROXY CARD IN THE ENCLOSED ENVELOPE.
 
                                      (1)
<PAGE>
 
                   DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK OF MACDERMID
 
                           AUTHORIZED CAPITAL STOCK
 
  MacDermid has an authorized capital structure consisting of 20 million
shares of Common Stock no par value and 2 million shares of preferred stock no
par value (the "Preferred Stock"). At the close of business on October 22,
1997     shares of Common Stock were issued and outstanding and no shares of
Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding.
 
                                 COMMON STOCK
 
  Subject to provisions of law and the preferences of any series of Preferred
Stock outstanding, holders of Common Stock are entitled to receive dividends
at such times and in such amounts as may be declared from time to time by the
Board of Directors out of funds legally available therefor. Holders of Common
Stock are entitled to one vote for each share held on every matter submitted
to a vote of the shareholders. Except as otherwise provided by law or by the
Charter or by resolutions of the Board of Directors providing for the issue of
any series of Preferred Stock, the holders of Common Stock have sole voting
power.
 
                                PREFERRED STOCK
 
  The Board of Directors is authorized without shareholder consent to issue
the Preferred Stock from time to time in one or more series and to determine
the provisions applicable to each series including the number of shares,
dividend rights, dividend rate, conversion rights, voting rights, rights and
terms of redemption (including sinking fund provisions) redemption price or
prices and liquidation preferences.
 
                                      (2)
<PAGE>
 
                SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
                               AND OF MANAGEMENT
 
  The following table sets forth information as of September 30, 1997 unless
otherwise noted, with respect to ownership of Common Stock by any person known
to MacDermid to be a beneficial owner of more than 5% of its Common Stock, by
MacDermid's five most highly compensated officers and by all directors and
officers of MacDermid as a group. Unless otherwise noted, each person has sole
voting and disposition power with respect to such person's shares. The total
of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the officers includes the
right to acquire ownership through exercise of stock options.
 
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
                                                    NUMBER OF
                                                      SHARES
                                                   BENEFICIALLY         PERCENT
BENEFICIAL OWNER                                      OWNED             OF CLASS
- ----------------                                   ------------         --------
<S>                                                <C>                  <C>
FIVE PERCENT BENEFICIAL OWNERS
  Harold Leever...................................    579,229(1)             %
  366 Guilds Hollow Road
  Bethlehem, Connecticut 06751
  MacDermid Employees Profit Sharing, Pension and   1,884,203(2)             %
  Stock Ownership Plans...........................
  245 Freight Street
  Waterbury, Connecticut 06702
  Thomas W. Smith and Prescott Investors..........    635,003(3)             %
  323 Railroad Avenue
  Greenwich, Connecticut 06830
  Bank of Boston Corporation......................    704,142(4)             %
  100 Federal Street
  Boston, Massachusetts 02110
  Vanguard/Primecap Fund, Inc.....................    567,000(5)             %
  P.O. Box 2600
  Valley Forge, PA 19482
  Daniel H. Leever................................    803,423(6)             %
  133 Railtree Hill Road
  Woodbury, CT 06798
  Thomas M. Leever................................    478,208(7)             %
  R.R. Box 230
  Perkinsville, VT 05151
 
NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
 
  Daniel H. Leever................................    803,423(6)(8)(9)       %
  Arthur J. LoVetere, Jr..........................     59,873(8)(9)          *
  Michael A. Pfaff................................     93,695(8)(9)          %
  Patricia I. Janssen.............................     20,350(8)(9)          *
  Gregory Bolingbroke.............................     11,443(8)(9)          %
  All Directors and Officers as a group (15 per-
   sons)..........................................  2,050,268(8)(9)          *
</TABLE>
- --------
 *Less than 1% of shares outstanding
(1) Includes 65,700 shares owned by his wife, Ruth Ann Leever, as to all of
    which shares Mr. Leever disclaims any beneficial interest, and 16,797
    shares held by MacDermid's Profit Sharing and Employee Stock Ownership
    Plans. Mr. Leever has sole voting power with respect to 497,032 shares.
    The Bank of Boston Connecticut, Mr. Daniel Leever and Mr. Thomas Leever as
    co-trustees of certain trusts, may have or succeed to the rights to vote
    406,620 shares. A portion of the information for Mr. Leever was obtained
    from
 
                                      (3)
<PAGE>
 
    his amended Schedule 13G dated January 29, 1997. MacDermid has entered into
    an agreement with Mr. Leever that up to the greater of $522,988 or the then
    face amount of a life insurance policy held by MacDermid on Mr. Leever's
    life will be used to purchase a portion of his MacDermid shares upon his
    death. The total purchases to be made are not to exceed the total of the
    state and federal estate taxes and funeral and administration expenses of
    Mr. Leever's estate. The price per share of such purchase is to be the
    market price at the time of death.
(2) 1,683,002 shares in the MacDermid Employees Profit Sharing Plan and in the
    MacDermid, Incorporated Employee Stock Ownership Plan and 70,116 shares in
    the MacDermid Imaging Technology, Inc. Profit Sharing and Employee Stock
    Ownership Plans are beneficially owned by the Trustee of the plans, Fleet
    Bank, One Federal Street, Boston, MA 02211, and 131,085 shares in the
    MacDermid, Incorporated Employees Pension Plan are beneficially owned by
    the Trustee of the plan, Investors Bank & Trust Company, 24 Federal
    Street, Boston, MA 02110. Under the terms of the Profit Sharing Plan and
    the ESOP, participants have the right to vote the shares credited to their
    accounts; however, the Trustee may, in its discretion, vote any shares
    (including unallocated shares) not voted by the participants. The Trustee
    of the Pension Plan may vote all the MacDermid shares beneficially owned
    thereunder.
(3) Includes 603,036 shares held by partnerships in which Mr. Smith is a
    general partner and 15,000 shares held by Prescott Investors' Employee
    Profit Sharing Plan, as to all of which Mr. Smith shares voting and
    investment power and 16,967 shares held by Mr. Smith personally. A portion
    of the information for Prescott Investors, is taken from its amended
    Schedule 13D dated August 3, 1990.
(4) The information for Bank of Boston Corporation ("BOB") is taken from its
    Schedule 13G dated February 14, 1997. Through its subsidiary, Bank of
    Boston Connecticut, BOB has sole voting power with respect to 275,430
    shares, shared voting power with respect to 428,712 shares, sole
    dispositive power with respect to 208,003 shares and shared dispositive
    power with respect to 406,620 shares.
(5) The information for Vanguard Primecap Fund, Inc. is taken from its
    Schedule 13G dated February 10, 1997.
(6) Includes 30,500 shares held by MacDermid's Profit Sharing and Employee
    Stock Ownership plans, 22,500 shares which are subject to restrictions on
    transfer until May 30, 1998, 35,000 shares which are subject to
    restrictions on transfer until May 18, 1999 under the terms of the Special
    Stock Purchase Plan and 210,000 shares which may be acquired upon exercise
    of options granted under the Special Stock Purchase Plan. Also includes
    13,194, 9,861, and 13,496 shares which are subject to restrictions on
    transfer until August 1, 1999, May 14, 2000 and May 14, 2001 respectively
    under the terms of the MacDermid 1995 Equity Incentive Plan. Includes
    24,901 shares held in trust by Mr. Leever for his sons and 1,130 shares
    owned by his spouse, as to all of which Mr. Leever disclaims beneficial
    interest. This also includes 406,620 shares held by certain trusts
    established by Mr. Harold Leever, of which Mr. Daniel Leever is co-
    trustee. Mr. Leever has sole investment and voting power.
(7) Includes 406,620 shares held by certain trusts established by Mr. Harold
    Leever, of which Mr. Thomas Leever is co-trustee.
(8) The beneficial owners of these shares generally have sole voting and
    investment power. Includes 803,423; 59,873; 93,695; 11,443; and 20,350
    shares of Common Stock reported for Daniel H. Leever and Messrs. LoVetere,
    Pfaff, Bolingbroke and Janssen, respectively, and 173,862 shares of Common
    Stock beneficially owned by 12 officers as a group in MacDermid's Profit
    Sharing and ESOP Plans. Also includes 210,000 shares of Common Stock which
    may be acquired upon exercise of options granted to Mr. Leever and 210,000
    shares of Common Stock in the aggregate which may be acquired upon
    exercise of options granted to the officers through MacDermid's Special
    Stock Purchase Plan.
(9) Includes 77,500, 57,500 and 6,500 shares of Common Stock for Messrs.
    Leever, Pfaff and Janssen, respectively, which are subject to restrictions
    on transfer under the Special Stock Purchase Plan, and 36,551, 9,238,
    8,106, and 2,149 and 2,332 shares of Common Stock for Messrs. Leever,
    LoVetere, Pfaff, Janssen and Bolingbroke respectively, which are subject
    to restrictions on transfer under MacDermid's 1995 Equity Incentive Plan.
 
                                      (4)
<PAGE>
 
                                  PROPOSAL 1.
 
               PROPOSAL TO AMEND MACDERMID'S CHARTER TO INCREASE
                THE NUMBER OF AUTHORIZED SHARES OF COMMON STOCK
 
  The Board of Directors has approved a proposal to amend MacDermid's Charter
to increase the number of authorized shares of Common Stock from 20 million to
75 million. The amendment to the Charter as proposed is included as Appendix A
to this Proxy Statement. If approved by the shareholders the proposed
amendment will become effective upon the filing of a certificate of amendment
with the Secretary of State of Connecticut which will occur as soon as
reasonably practical.
 
                 INCREASE IN AUTHORIZED SHARES OF COMMON STOCK
 
  The Board of Directors believes that it is in MacDermid's best interest to
increase the number of authorized shares of Common Stock in order to have
additional authorized but unissued shares available for issuance to meet
business needs as they arise. The Board of Directors believes that the
availability of such additional shares will provide MacDermid with the
flexibility to issue Common Stock for possible future financing, stock
dividends or distributions, acquisitions, stock option plans or other
corporate purposes which may be identified in the future by the Board of
Directors without the possible expense and delay of a special shareholder's
meeting. The issuance of additional shares of Common Stock may have a dilutive
effect on earnings per share and, for shareholders who do not purchase
additional shares to maintain their pro rata interest in MacDermid, on such
shareholders' percentage voting power.
 
  The authorized shares of Common Stock in excess of those issued will be
available for issuance at such times and for such corporate purposes as the
Board of Directors may deem advisable, without further action by MacDermid's
shareholders, except as may be required by applicable law or by the rules of
the NASDAQ Stock Market or any other stock exchange or national securities
association trading system on which the securities may be listed or traded.
Upon issuance, such shares shall have the same rights as the outstanding
shares of Common Stock. Holders of Common Stock have no preemptive rights.
 
  MacDermid has no arrangements, agreements or understandings at the present
time for the issuance or use of the additional shares of Common Stock proposed
to be authorized except that MacDermid may consider a stock split if
conditions are appropriate. The Board of Directors does not intend to issue
any Common Stock except on terms which the Board deems to be in the best
interest of MacDermid and its then-existing shareholders. Any future issuance
of Common Stock will be subject to the rights of holders of outstanding shares
of any preferred stock which MacDermid may issue in the future.
 
  Although MacDermid has no present intention to issue shares of Common Stock
in the future in order to make acquisition of control of MacDermid more
difficult, future issuances of Common Stock could have that effect. For
example, the acquisition of shares of Common Stock by an entity in order to
acquire control of MacDermid might be discouraged through the public or
private issuance of additional shares of Common Stock, since such issuance
would dilute the stock ownership of the acquiring entity. Common Stock could
also be issued to existing shareholders as a dividend or privately placed with
purchasers who might side with the Board of Directors in opposing a takeover
bid, thus discouraging such a bid.
 
          THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS A VOTE FOR THIS PROPOSAL.
 
                                      (5)
<PAGE>
 
                                  PROPOSAL 2.
 
         PROPOSAL TO AMEND MACDERMID'S CHARTER TO PROVIDE FOR WRITTEN
          SHAREHOLDER ACTION BY LESS THAN UNANIMOUS CONSENT PURSUANT
        TO THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION 33-698 OF THE CONNECTICUT BUSINESS
                                CORPORATION ACT
 
  The Board of Directors has approved a proposal to amend MacDermid's Charter
to provide for written shareholder action by less than unanimous consent
pursuant to the provisions of Section 33-698 of the Connecticut Business
Corporation Act. The amendment to the Charter as proposed is included as
Appendix A to this Proxy Statement. If approved by the shareholders, the
proposed amendment will become effective upon the filing of a certificate of
amendment to MacDermid's Charter with the Secretary of State of Connecticut,
which will occur as soon as reasonably practicable.
 
     AUTHORIZATION BY WRITTEN CONSENT OF LESS THAN ALL OF THE SHAREHOLDERS
 
  The Board of Directors believes that it is in MacDermid's best interest to
amend its Charter such that it will specifically provide for written
shareholder action by consent of no less than a majority of the shares of
MacDermid capital stock issued and entitled to vote thereon. The Board of
Directors believes that this amendment will provide a cost-effective and
efficient means for accomplishing corporate actions which require the
authorization of the shareholders. MacDermid has no immediate plans to engage
in any transactions requiring shareholder approval.
 
  Providing for written consent of less than all of the shareholders may make
it easier for a person to acquire control of MacDermid due to (i) the
decreased costs resulting from the the abolition of the requirement to call
and conduct a shareholders meeting and (ii) the expeditious and immediate
manner in which shareholder votes may be solicited.
 
          THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS A VOTE FOR THIS PROPOSAL.
 
                                      (6)
<PAGE>
 
                                 MISCELLANEOUS
 
  The Board of Directors knows of no matters other than those referenced in
the Notice of Special Meeting which are to be brought before the Meeting.
However, if any other matters are properly presented, it is the intention of
the persons named in the Proxy to vote the Proxy in accordance with their best
judgment.
 
  It is important that Proxies be returned prior to the Meeting. Shareholders
are urged to sign and date the enclosed Proxy and promptly return it in the
enclosed envelope.
 
                              WHERE YOU CAN FIND
                               MORE INFORMATION
 
  The Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") allows MacDermid to
"incorporate by reference" information into this Proxy Statement already filed
with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is deemed to be part
of this Proxy Statement except for any information superseded by information
in this Proxy Statement. The Proxy Statement incorporates by reference the
following documents previously filed with the SEC: (1) Annual Report on Form
10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997 and (2) Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for fiscal quarter ended June 30, 1997. MacDermid is also incorporating
by reference additional documents filed with the SEC between the date of this
Proxy Statement and the date of the meeting of the shareholders on December 1,
1997.
 
                                                             JOHN L. CORDANI
                                                             Corporate Secretary
 
October 27, 1997
 
MACDERMID, INCORPORATED WILL PROVIDE WITHOUT CHARGE, TO ANY SHAREHOLDER, UPON
WRITTEN REQUEST, A COPY OF ITS ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K TO THE SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 1997, ITS
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q FOR THE FISCAL QUARTER ENDED JUNE 30, 1997 AND
ANY ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTS FILED BY MACDERMID WITH THE SEC BETWEEN THE DATE OF
THIS PROXY STATEMENT AND DECEMBER 1, 1997, THE DATE OF THE MEETING. SUCH
REQUEST SHOULD BE DIRECTED TO JOHN L. CORDANI, CORPORATE SECRETARY, MACDERMID,
INCORPORATED, 245 FREIGHT STREET, WATERBURY, CONNECTICUT 06702-0671 (PHONE
NUMBER: 203-575-5646).
 
393177
 
                                      (7)
<PAGE>
 
                                                                     APPENDIX A
 
                           CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT
                                      OF
                            MACDERMID, INCORPORATED
 
1.  That the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company be amended
    by striking out the number "20,000,000" in Section Fourth and replacing
    such number with "75,000,000."
 
2.  That the Restated Certificate of Incorporation be amended to provide for
    the addition of the following provision:
 
     "Any action required by law to be taken at an annual or special
     meeting of the stockholders, or any action which may be taken at an
     annual or special meeting of the stockholders, may be taken without a
     meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent or
     consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be
     signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the
     minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take
     such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon
     were present and voted; provided, however, that in no event shall
     such minimum number of votes constitute less than a majority of such
     shares."


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