UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
---------------
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1998 COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 1-3924
MAXXAM INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
DELAWARE 95-2078752
(State or other (I.R.S. Employer
jurisdiction Identification Number)
of incorporation or
organization)
5847 SAN FELIPE, SUITE 2600 77057
HOUSTON, TEXAS (Zip Code)
(Address of Principal
Executive Offices)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (713) 975-7600
---------------
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME OF EACH
EXCHANGE
TITLE OF EACH CLASS ON WHICH REGISTERED
------------------------------ --------------------
<S> <C>
Common Stock, $.50 par value American, Pacific,
Philadelphia
</TABLE>
Number of shares of common stock outstanding at
March 15, 1999: 7,000,863
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.
---------------
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all
reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter
period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has
been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes /X/ No / /
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to
Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be
contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or
information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form
10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. /X/
Based upon the March 15, 1999 American Stock Exchange closing price of
$55.9375 per share, the aggregate market value of the Registrant's
outstanding voting stock held by non-affiliates was approximately $244.1
million.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:
Certain portions of Registrant's definitive proxy statement, to be filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A not
later than 120 days after the close of the Registrant's fiscal year, are
incorporated by reference under Part III.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
Item 1. Business 2
General 2
Aluminum Operations 2
Forest Products Operations 11
Real Estate Operations 24
Racing Operations 26
Item 2. Properties 27
Item 3. Legal Proceedings 27
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders 31
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related
Stockholder Matters 31
Item 6. Selected Financial Data 32
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations 33
Item 7a. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About
Market Risk 50
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Report of Independent Public Accountants 52
Consolidated Balance Sheet 53
Consolidated Statement of Operations 54
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 55
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Deficit 56
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 57
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on
Accounting and Financial Disclosure 85
PART III
Items 10-13. To be filed with the Registrant's definitive
proxy statement 85
PART IV
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports
on Form 8-K 85
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
GENERAL
MAXXAM Inc. and its majority and wholly owned subsidiaries are
collectively referred to herein as the "COMPANY" or "MAXXAM" unless
otherwise indicated or the context indicates otherwise. The Company,
through Kaiser Aluminum Corporation ("KAISER") and Kaiser's principal
operating subsidiary, Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation ("KACC"), is
an integrated aluminum company. The Company's voting interest in Kaiser is
approximately 63%. See "--Aluminum Operations." In addition, the Company
is engaged in forest products operations through its wholly owned
subsidiary, MAXXAM Group Inc. ("MGI") and MGI's wholly owned subsidiaries,
The Pacific Lumber Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively
referred to herein as "PACIFIC LUMBER," unless the context indicates
otherwise), and Britt Lumber Co., Inc. ("BRITT"). See "--Forest Products
Operations." MGI is a wholly owned subsidiary of MAXXAM Group Holdings
Inc. ("MGHI"), which is in turn a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.
The Company is also engaged in (a) real estate investment and development,
managed through MAXXAM Property Company, and (b) racing operations through
subsidiaries, including a Class 1 thoroughbred and quarter horse racing
facility located in the greater Houston metropolitan area. See "--Real
Estate Operations" and "--Racing Operations." See Note 14 to the Consolidated
Financial Statements (contained in Item 8 to this Report) for certain
financial information by industry segment and geographic area.
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains statements which
constitute"forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private
Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements appear in a
number of places in this section (see Item 1. "Business--Aluminum
Operations" and "--Forest Products Operations--Regulatory and Environmental
Factors and Headwaters Agreement," Item 3. "Legal Proceedings" and Item 7.
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations"). Such statements can be identified by the use of forward-
looking terminology such as "believes," "expects," "may," "estimates,"
"will," "should," "plans" or "anticipates" or the negative thereof or other
variations thereon or comparable terminology, or by discussions of
strategy. Readers are cautioned that any such forward-looking statements
are not guarantees of future performance and involve significant risks and
uncertainties, and that actual results may vary materially from those in
the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. These
factors include the effectiveness of management's strategies and decisions,
general economic and business conditions, developments in technology, new
or modified statutory or regulatory requirements and changing prices and
market conditions. This Report identifies other factors that could cause
such differences. No assurance can be given that these are all of the
factors that could cause actual results to vary materially from the
forward-looking statements.
ALUMINUM OPERATIONS
GENERAL
Kaiser operates in several principal aspects of the aluminum
industry--the mining of bauxite, the refining of bauxite into alumina, the
production of primary aluminum from alumina, and the manufacture of
fabricated (including semi-fabricated) aluminum products. In addition to
the production utilized by Kaiser in its operations, Kaiser sells
significant amounts of alumina and primary aluminum in domestic and
international markets. In 1998, Kaiser produced approximately 2,964,000
tons of alumina, of which approximately 76% was sold to third parties, and
produced approximately 387,000 tons of primary aluminum, of which
approximately 68% was sold to third parties. Kaiser is also a major
domestic supplier of fabricated aluminum products. In 1998, Kaiser shipped
approximately 405,000 tons of fabricated aluminum products to third
parties, which accounted for approximately 5% of total United States
domestic shipments. References in this Report to tons refer to metric tons
of 2,204.6 pounds.
Kaiser's operations are conducted through KACC's business units.
The following table sets forth total shipments and intersegment transfers
of Kaiser's alumina, primary aluminum and fabricated aluminum operations:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-----------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
------------- ------------- -------------
(IN THOUSANDS OF TONS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Alumina:
Shipments to Third Parties 2,250.0 1,929.8 2,073.7
Intersegment Transfers 750.7 968.0 912.4
------------- ------------- -------------
3,007.7 2,897.8 2,986.1
------------- ------------- -------------
Primary Aluminum:
Shipments to Third Parties 263.2 327.9 355.6
Intersegment Transfers 162.8 164.2 128.3
------------- ------------- -------------
426.0 492.1 483.9
------------- ------------- -------------
Flat-Rolled Products:
Shipments to Third Parties 235.6 247.9 204.8
Engineered Products:
Shipments to Third Parties 169.4 152.1 122.3
</TABLE>
The alumina business unit mines bauxite and obtains additional
bauxite tonnage under long-term contracts. The primary aluminum products
business unit operates two wholly owned domestic smelters and two foreign
smelters in which Kaiser holds significant ownership interests. Fabricated
aluminum products are manufactured by two business units--flat-rolled
products and engineered products.
LABOR MATTERS
Substantially all of Kaiser's hourly workforce at the Gramercy,
Louisiana, alumina refinery, Mead and Tacoma, Washington, aluminum
smelters, Trentwood, Washington, rolling mill, and Newark, Ohio, extrusion
facility were covered by a master labor agreement with the United
Steelworkers of America (the "USWA") which expired on September 30, 1998.
The parties did not reach an agreement prior to the expiration of the
master agreement and the USWA chose to strike. In January 1999, Kaiser
declined an offer by the USWA to have the striking workers return to work
at the five plants without a new agreement. Kaiser imposed a lock-out to
support its bargaining position and continues to operate the plants with
salaried employees and other workers as it has since the strike began. See
Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations--Results of Operations--Aluminum Operations--Recent
Events and Developments--Labor Matters" and Notes 1 and 12 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
STRATEGIC INITIATIVES
Kaiser's strategic objectives include the improvement of earnings
from its existing businesses; the redeployment of its existing investment
in assets that are not strategically essential to continued profit growth;
the addition of assets to its growth businesses; and the improvement of its
financial structure.
In addition to working to improve the performance of its existing
assets, Kaiser has devoted significant efforts analyzing its existing asset
portfolio with the intent of focusing its efforts and capital in sectors of
the industry that are considered most attractive, and in which Kaiser
believes it is well positioned to capture value. The initial steps of this
process resulted in the June 1997 acquisition of the Bellwood extrusion
facility, the May 1997 formation of AKW L.P. ("AKW"), a joint venture that
designs, manufactures and sells heavy duty aluminum wheels, the
rationalization of certain of Kaiser's engineered products operations, and
Kaiser's investment to expand its capacity for heat treat flat-rolled
products at its Trentwood, Washington, rolling mill. The restructuring
activities resulted in the Company recording a net pre-tax charge of $19.7
million in June 1997. See Notes 2 and 3 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements.
The portfolio analysis process also resulted in Kaiser's fourth
quarter 1998 decision to seek a strategic partner for further development
and deployment of Kaiser's Micromill technology. While technological
progress has been good, management concluded that additional time and
investment would be required for success. Given Kaiser's other strategic
priorities, Kaiser believes that introducing added commercial and financial
resources is the appropriate course of action for capturing the maximum
long term value. This change in strategic course required a different
accounting treatment, and the Company correspondingly recorded a $45.0
million impairment charge to reduce the carrying value of the Micromill
assets to approximately $25.0 million.
Another area of emphasis has been a continuing focus on managing
Kaiser's legacy liabilities. One element of this process has been actively
pursuing claims in respect of insurance coverage for certain incurred and
future environmental costs. During the fourth quarter of 1998, Kaiser
received recoveries totaling approximately $35.0 million related to current
and future claims against certain of its insurers. Recoveries of $12.0
million were deemed to be allocable to previously accrued (expensed) items
and were reflected in earnings during the fourth quarter of 1998. The
remaining recoveries were offset against increases in the total amount of
environmental reserves. No assurances can be given that Kaiser will be
successful in other attempts to recover incurred or future costs from other
insurers or that the amount of any recoveries received will ultimately be
adequate to cover costs incurred. See Note 12 to the Consolidated
Financial Statements.
In early 1999, Kaiser's program to focus its efforts and capital
in sectors of the industry which it considers to be the most attractive,
and in which Kaiser believes it is well positioned to capture value, has
resulted in an agreement to sell one joint venture interest and a separate
agreement to purchase another. In January 1999, Kaiser signed a letter of
intent to sell its 50% interest in AKW to its joint venture partner. The
transaction, which would result in Kaiser recognizing a substantial gain,
is currently expected to close on or about March 31, 1999. However, as the
transaction is subject to negotiation of a definitive purchase agreement,
no assurances can be given that this transaction will be consummated.
Also, in February 1999, Kaiser completed the acquisition of the remaining
45% interest in Kaiser LaRoche Hydrate Partners, an alumina marketing
venture, from its joint venture partner for a cash purchase price of
approximately $10.0 million. Additional portfolio analysis and initiatives
are continuing.
SENSITIVITY TO PRICES AND HEDGING PROGRAMS
Kaiser's operating results are sensitive to changes in the prices
of alumina, primary aluminum, and fabricated aluminum products, and also
depend to a significant degree upon the volume and mix of all products sold
and on Kaiser's hedging strategies. Primary aluminum prices have
historically been subject to significant cyclical fluctuations. Alumina
prices, as well as fabricated aluminum product prices (which vary
considerably among products), are significantly influenced by changes in
the price of primary alumina, and generally lag behind primary aluminum
prices. See Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations--Results of Operations--Aluminum
Operations--Industry Overview." From time to time in the ordinary course
of business Kaiser enters into hedging transactions to provide price risk
management in respect of its net exposure resulting from (i) anticipated
sales of alumina, primary aluminum, and fabricated aluminum products, less
(ii) expected purchases of certain items, such as aluminum scrap, rolling
ingot, and bauxite, whose prices fluctuate with the price of primary
aluminum. Forward sales contracts are used by Kaiser to lock-in or fix the
effective price that Kaiser will receive for its sales. Kaiser also uses
option contracts (i) to establish a minimum price for its product
shipments, (ii) to establish a "collar" or range of prices for its
anticipated sales, and/or (iii) to permit Kaiser to realize possible upside
price movements. See Item 7a. "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures
About Market Risk" and Notes 1 and 13 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements.
ALUMINA OPERATIONS
The following table lists Kaiser's bauxite mining and alumina
refining facilities as of December 31, 1998:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ANNUAL
PRODUCTION TOTAL
CAPACITY ANNUAL
COMPANY AVAILABLE TO PRODUCTION
ACTIVITY FACILITY LOCATION OWNERSHIP THE COMPANY CAPACITY
- ----------------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
(THOUSANDS OF TONS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Bauxite Mining KJBC(1) Jamaica 49.0% 4,500.0 4,500.0
Alpart(2) Jamaica 65.0% 2,275.0 3,500.0
------------- -------------
6,775.0 8,000.0
============= =============
Alumina Refining Gramercy Louisiana 100% 1,050.0 1,050.0
Alpart Jamaica 65.0% 942.5 1,450.0
QAL(3) Australia 28.3% 1,033.0 3.650.0
------------- -------------
3,025.5 6,150.0
============= =============
<FN>
- ---------------
(1) Although Kaiser owns 49% of Kaiser Jamaica Bauxite Company ("KJBC"),
it has the right to receive all of KJBC's output.
(2) Alumina Partners of Jamaica ("ALPART") bauxite is refined into alumina
at the Alpart alumina refinery.
(3) Queensland Alumina Limited ("QAL").
</TABLE>
Bauxite mined in Jamaica by KJBC is refined into alumina at
Kaiser's plant at Gramercy, Louisiana, or is sold to third parties. In
1979, the Government of Jamaica granted Kaiser a mining lease for the
mining of bauxite sufficient to supply Kaiser's then-existing Louisiana
alumina refineries at their annual capacities of 1,656,000 tons per year
until January 31, 2020. Alumina from the Gramercy plant is sold to third
parties. The Gramercy, Louisiana, refinery is one of the five KACC plants
which is subject to the continuing USWA dispute. See Item 7. "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations--
Results of Operations--Aluminum Operations--Recent Events and Developments-
- -Labor Matters" for further information.
In February 1999, KACC, through a subsidiary, purchased its
partner's 45% interest in Kaiser LaRoche Hydrate Partners, a partnership
which markets chemical grade alumina and wet alumina trihydrate filter cake
manufactured by Kaiser's Gramercy facility. See Item 7. "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations--
Results of Operations--Aluminum Operations--Strategic Initiatives."
Alpart holds bauxite reserves and owns a 1,450,000 ton per year
alumina plant located in Jamaica. Kaiser owns a 65% interest in Alpart and
Hydro Aluminium a.s. ("HYDRO") owns the remaining 35% interest. Kaiser has
management responsibility for the facility on a fee basis. Kaiser and
Hydro have agreed to be responsible for their proportionate shares of
Alpart's costs and expenses. The government of Jamaica has granted Alpart
a mining lease and has entered into other agreements with Alpart designed
to assure that sufficient reserves of bauxite will be available to Alpart
to operate its refinery, as it may be expanded up to a capacity of
2,000,000 tons per year, through the year 2024.
In 1999, Alpart and JAMALCO, a joint venture between affiliates
of Alcoa Inc. and the government of Jamaica, reached an agreement to form a
joint venture bauxite mining operation to consolidate their bauxite mining
operations in Jamaica, with the objective of optimizing operating and
capital costs. The transaction is subject to various conditions. Subject
to satisfaction of those conditions, the joint venture is expected to
commence operations during the second half of 1999.
Kaiser owns a 28.3% interest in QAL, which owns the largest and
one of the most competitive alumina refineries in the world, located in
Queensland, Australia. QAL refines bauxite into alumina, essentially on a
cost basis, for the account of its stockholders under long-term tolling
contracts. The stockholders, including Kaiser, purchase bauxite from
another QAL stockholder under long-term supply contracts. Kaiser has
contracted with QAL to take approximately 792,000 tons per year of capacity
or pay standby charges. Kaiser is unconditionally obligated to pay amounts
calculated to service its share ($97.6 million at December 31, 1998) of
certain debt of QAL, as well as other QAL costs and expenses, including
bauxite shipping costs.
Kaiser's principal customers for bauxite and alumina consist of
other aluminum producers that purchase bauxite and smelter-grade alumina,
trading intermediaries who resell raw materials to end-users, and users of
chemical-grade alumina. All of Kaiser's third-party sales of bauxite in
1998 were made to one customer, which represents approximately 6% of total
bauxite and alumina third party revenues. Kaiser sold alumina in 1998 to
approximately 20 customers, the largest and top five of which accounted for
approximately 19% and 67% of such sales, respectively. See "--
Competition." Kaiser believes that among alumina producers it is the
world's second largest seller of smelter-grade alumina to third parties.
Kaiser's strategy is to sell a substantial portion of the alumina available
to it in excess of its internal smelting requirements under multi-year
sales contracts with prices linked to the price of primary aluminum. See
also "--Sensitivity to Prices and Hedging Programs."
PRIMARY ALUMINUM PRODUCTS OPERATIONS
The following table lists Kaiser's primary aluminum smelting
facilities as of December 31, 1998:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ANNUAL
RATED
CAPACITY
AVAILABLE TOTAL
TO ANNUAL 1998
COMPANY THE RATED OPERATING
LOCATION FACILITY OWNERSHIP COMPANY CAPACITY RATE
------------------------------- ------------ --------------- --------- ------------ -------------
(THOUSANDS OF TONS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Domestic
Washington Mead 100% 200.0 200.0 103%(1)
Washington Tacoma 100% 73.0 73.0 94%
------- -----------
Subtotal 273.0 273.0
------- -----------
International
Ghana Valco 90% 180.0 200.0 25%
Wales, United
Kingdom Anglesey 49% 66.2 135.0 100%
------- -----------
Subtotal 246.2 335.0
------- -----------
Total 519.2 608.0
======= ===========
<FN>
- ---------------
(1) In recent years the Mead smelter has consistently operated at an
annual rate in excess of its rated capacity of 200,000 tons. As a
result of the strike-related partial curtailment of the Mead smelter,
the 1998 average operating rate declined from that of a year ago but
remained above 100% of rated capacity.
</TABLE>
The Mead facility uses pre-bake technology and produces primary
aluminum. Approximately 64% of Mead's 1998 production was used at Kaiser's
Trentwood, Washington, rolling mill and the balance was sold to third
parties. The Tacoma facility uses Soderberg technology and produces
primary aluminum and high-grade, continuous-cast, redraw rod, which
currently commands a premium price in excess of the price of primary
aluminum. Both smelters have achieved significant production efficiencies
through retrofit technology and a variety of cost controls, leading to
increases in production volume and enhancing their ability to compete with
newer smelters. The Mead and Tacoma, Washington, smelters are two of the
five KACC plants which are subject to the continuing USWA dispute.
Kaiser has modernized and expanded the carbon baking furnace at
its Mead smelter at an estimated cost of approximately $55.3 million. The
project has improved the reliability of the carbon baking operations,
increased productivity, enhanced safety, and improved the environmental
performance of the facility. The first stage of this project, the
construction of a new $40.0 million 90,000 ton per year furnace, was
completed in 1997. The remaining modernization work was completed in 1998
and early 1999. A portion of this project was financed with the net
proceeds (approximately $18.6 million) of 7.6% Solid Waste Disposal Revenue
Bonds due 2027 issued in March 1997 by the Industrial Development
Corporation of Spokane County, Washington.
Kaiser manages, and owns a 90% interest in, the Volta Aluminium
Company Limited ("VALCO") aluminum smelter in Ghana. The Valco smelter
uses pre-bake technology and processes alumina supplied by Kaiser and the
other participant into primary aluminum under tolling contracts which
provide for proportionate payments by the participants. Kaiser's share of
the primary aluminum is sold to third parties. Power for the Valco smelter
is supplied under an agreement with the Volta River Authority (the "VRA")
which expires in 2017. The agreement indexes two-thirds of the price of
the contract quantity of power to the market price of primary aluminum.
The agreement also provides for a review and adjustment of the base power
rate and the price index every five years, and such review is now underway.
During most of 1998, the Valco smelter operated only one of its
five potlines, as compared to 1997, when Valco operated four potlines.
Each of Valco's potlines produces approximately 40,000 tons of primary
aluminum per year. Valco received compensation (in the form of energy
credits to be utilized over the last half of 1998 and during 1999) from the
VRA in lieu of the power necessary to run two of the potlines that were
curtailed during 1998. The compensation substantially mitigated the
financial impact of the curtailment of such lines. Valco did not receive
any compensation from the VRA for one additional potline which was
curtailed in January 1998. Based on Valco's proposed 1999 power allocation
from the VRA, Valco has announced that it expects to operate three lines
during 1999. The decision to operate at that level was based on the power
allocation that Valco has received from the VRA as well as consideration of
market and other factors. Valco has notified the VRA that it believes it
had the contractual rights at the beginning of 1998 to sufficient energy to
run four and one-half potlines for the balance of the year. Valco
continues to seek compensation from the VRA with respect to the January
1998 reduction of its power allocation. Valco and the VRA also are in
continuing discussions concerning other matters, including steps that might
be taken to reduce the likelihood of power curtailments in the future. No
assurances can be given as to the success of these discussions.
Electric power represents an important production cost for Kaiser
at its aluminum smelters. See "--Electric Power." Kaiser owns a 49%
interest in the Anglesey Aluminium Limited ("ANGLESEY") aluminum smelter
and port facility at Holyhead, Wales. The Anglesey smelter uses pre-bake
technology. Kaiser supplies 49% of Anglesey's alumina requirements and
purchases 49% of Anglesey's aluminum output. Kaiser sells its share of
Anglesey's output to third parties.
Kaiser has developed and installed proprietary retrofit and
control technology in all of its smelters, as well as at third party
locations. This technology--which includes the redesign of the cathodes
and anodes and bus that conduct electricity through reduction cells,
improved feed systems that add alumina to the cells, computerized process
control and energy management systems and furnace technology for baking of
anode carbon--has significantly contributed to increased and more efficient
production of primary aluminum and enhanced Kaiser's ability to compete
more effectively with the industry's newer smelters. Kaiser engages in
efforts to license this technology and sell technical and managerial
assistance to other producers worldwide, and may participate in joint
ventures or similar business partnerships which employ Kaiser's technical
and managerial knowledge. See "--Research and Development."
Kaiser's principal primary aluminum customers consist of large
trading intermediaries and metal brokers. In 1998, Kaiser sold its primary
aluminum production not utilized for internal purposes to approximately 42
customers, the largest and top five of which accounted for approximately
30% and 58% of such sales, respectively. See "--Competition." Marketing
and sales efforts are conducted by personnel located in Pleasanton,
California; Houston, Texas; and Tacoma and Spokane, Washington. A majority
of the business unit's sales are based upon long-term relationships with
metal merchants and end-users.
FABRICATED ALUMINUM PRODUCTS OPERATIONS
Flat-Rolled Products
The flat-rolled products business unit operates the Trentwood,
Washington, rolling mill. The Trentwood facility accounted for
approximately 58% of Kaiser's 1998 fabricated aluminum products shipments.
The business unit supplies the aerospace and general engineering markets
(producing heat-treat products), the beverage container market (producing
body, lid and tab stock) and the specialty coil markets (producing
automotive brazing sheet, wheel, and tread products), both directly and
through distributors. The Trentwood facility is one of the five KACC
plants which is subject to the continuing USWA dispute.
Kaiser continues to enhance the process and product mix of its
Trentwood rolling mill in an effort to maximize its profitability and
maintain full utilization of the facility. In 1998, Kaiser continued to
implement a plan to improve the reliability and to expand the annual
production capacity of heat-treated flat-rolled products at the Trentwood
facility by approximately one-third over 1996 levels. Approximately $8.0
million remains to be spent to implement the plan. Global sales of
Kaiser's heat-treat products are made primarily to the aerospace and
general engineering markets, and remained strong in the first half of 1998
after record shipments in 1997; demand for such products softened in the
second half of 1998. In 1998, the business unit shipped products to
approximately 141 customers in the aerospace, transportation, and
industrial ("ATI") markets, most of which were distributors who sell to a
variety of industrial end-users. The top five customers in the ATI markets
for flat-rolled products accounted for approximately 18% of the business
unit's revenue.
Kaiser's flat-rolled products are also sold to beverage container
manufacturers located in the western United States and in the Asian Pacific
Rim countries where the Trentwood plant's location provides Kaiser with a
transportation advantage. Quality of products for the beverage container
industry, service, and timeliness of delivery are the primary bases on
which Kaiser competes. Kaiser is one of the highest quality producers of
aluminum beverage can stock in the world. In 1998, the business unit had
approximately 21 domestic and foreign can stock customers, supplying
approximately 41 can plants worldwide. The largest and top five of such
customers accounted for approximately 12% and 35%, respectively, of the
business unit's revenue. See "--Competition." The marketing staff for the
business unit is located at the Trentwood facility and in Pleasanton,
California. Sales are made directly to end-use customers and distributors
from four sales offices in the United States, from a sales office in
England and Japan, and by independent sales agents in Asia and Latin
America.
The Micromill facility was constructed near Reno, Nevada in 1996
as a demonstration and production facility. Micromill technology is based
on a proprietary thin-strip, high-speed, continuous-belt casting technique
linked directly to hot and cold rolling mills. See "--Strategic
Initiatives" above.
Engineered Products
The engineered products business unit operates soft-alloy and
hard-alloy extrusion facilities and engineered component (forgings)
facilities in the United States and Canada. Major markets for extruded
products are in the transportation industry, to which the business unit
provides extruded shapes for automobiles, trucks, trailers, cabs, and
shipping containers, and in the distribution, durable goods, defense,
building and construction, ordnance and electrical markets. The business
unit supplies forged parts to customers in the automotive, commercial
vehicle and ordnance markets. The high strength-to-weight properties of
forged aluminum make it particularly well-suited for automotive
applications. The business unit maintains its headquarters and a sales and
engineering office in Southfield, Michigan, which works with automobile
makers and other customers and plant personnel to create new automotive
component designs and to improve existing products.
Soft-alloy extrusion facilities are located in Los Angeles,
California; Sherman, Texas; Richmond, Virginia; and London, Ontario,
Canada. Each of the soft-alloy extrusion facilities has fabricating
capabilities and provides finishing services. The Richmond, Virginia,
facility was acquired in mid-1997 and increased Kaiser's extruded products
capacity and enhanced its existing extrusion business due to that
facility's ability to manufacture seamless tubing and large circle size
extrusions and to serve the distribution and ground transportation
industries. Hard-alloy rod and bar extrusion facilities are located in
Newark, Ohio, and Jackson, Tennessee, and produce screw machine stock,
redraw rod, forging stock, and billet. The Newark facility is one of the
five Kaiser plants which is subject to the continuing USWA dispute. A
facility located in Richland, Washington, produces seamless tubing in both
hard and soft alloys for the automotive, other transportation, export,
recreation, agriculture, and other industrial markets. The business unit
also operates a cathodic protection business located in Tulsa, Oklahoma,
that extrudes both aluminum and magnesium. The business unit operates
forging facilities at Oxnard, California, and Greenwood, South Carolina,
and a machine shop at Greenwood, South Carolina. Kaiser has entered into
an agreement to sell its casting operations in Canton, Ohio.
In 1997, Kaiser and Accuride Corporation formed AKW to design,
manufacture and sell heavy-duty aluminum truck wheels. In January 1999,
Kaiser signed a letter of intent to sell its 50% interest in AKW to its
partner, which would result in Kaiser recognizing a substantial gain. The
Company expects the transaction to close on or about March 31, 1999;
however, as the transaction is subject to certain conditions, no assurances
can be given that the transaction will be consummated. See Item 7.
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations - Results of Operations--Aluminum Operations--Strategic
Initiatives."
In 1998, the engineered products business unit had approximately
445 customers, the largest and top five of which accounted for
approximately 5% and 18%, respectively, of the business unit's revenue.
See "- Competition" in this Report. Sales are made directly from plants,
as well as marketing locations elsewhere in the United States.
COMPETITION
This section contains statements which constitute "forward-
looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation
Reform Act of 1995. See Item 1. "Business--General" for cautionary
information with respect to such forward-looking statements.
Kaiser competes with both domestic and foreign producers of
bauxite, alumina and primary aluminum, and with domestic and foreign
fabricators. Many of Kaiser's competitors have greater financial resources
than Kaiser. Primary aluminum and, to some degree, alumina are commodities
with generally standard qualities, and competition in the sale of these
commodities is based primarily upon price, quality and availability.
Aluminum competes in many markets with steel, copper, glass, plastic, and
other materials. In the United States, beverage container materials,
including aluminum, face increased competition from plastics as increased
polyethylene terephthalate ("PET") container capacity is brought on line by
plastics manufacturers. Kaiser competes with numerous domestic and
international fabricators in the sale of fabricated aluminum products.
Kaiser manufactures and markets fabricated aluminum products for the
transportation, packaging, construction, and consumer durables markets in
the United States and abroad. Sales in these markets are made directly and
through distributors to a large number of customers. Competition in the
sale of fabricated products is based upon quality, availability, price and
service, including delivery performance. Kaiser concentrates its
fabricating operations on selected products in which it has production
expertise, high-quality capability, and geographic and other competitive
advantages. The Company believes that, assuming the current relationship
between worldwide supply and demand for alumina and primary aluminum does
not change materially, the loss of any one of Kaiser's customers, including
intermediaries, would not have a material adverse effect on the Company's
financial condition or results of operations.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Kaiser conducts research and development activities principally
at two facilities--the Center for Technology ("CFT") in Pleasanton,
California, and the Northwest Engineering Center adjacent to the Mead
smelter in Spokane, Washington. Net expenditures for Kaiser-sponsored
research and development activities were $13.7 million in 1998, $19.7
million in 1997 and $20.5 million in 1996. Kaiser's research staff totaled
approximately 52 at December 31, 1998. Kaiser estimates that research and
development net expenditures will be approximately $10-15 million in 1999.
CFT performs research and development of aluminum process and
product technologies to support Kaiser's business units and new business
opportunities. In 1998, patents were issued to Kaiser concerning the
manufacture of continuous cast can sheet, the brazing of aluminum alloys
for heat exchanger applications, improved lead-free aluminum machining
alloys, and joining methods for aluminum extrusions used in transportation
applications. In 1998, CFT continued to support the development of the
Micromill technology deployed at the Micromill facility near Reno, Nevada,
for the production of can sheet and other sheet products. The Northwest
Engineering Center maintains specialized laboratories and a miniature
carbon plant where experiments with new anode and cathode technology are
performed. The Northwest Engineering Center supports Kaiser's primary
aluminum smelters, and concentrates on the development of cost-effective
technical innovations such as equipment and process improvements.
Kaiser licenses its technology and sells technical and managerial
assistance to other producers worldwide. Kaiser's technology has been
installed in alumina refineries, aluminum smelters and rolling mills
located in the United States and fourteen foreign countries.
EMPLOYEES
During 1998, Kaiser employed an average of 9,200 persons,
compared with an average of 9,600 employees in 1997 and 1996. At December
31, 1998, Kaiser employed approximately 8,900 persons; this number does not
include persons employed temporarily at the five facilities subject to the
USWA labor dispute.
In 1998, Alpart entered into a new three-year labor agreement
with workers at its refinery in Jamaica, and Valco entered into a new
three-year labor agreement with workers at its smelter in Ghana. Each
agreement includes productivity improvements.
ELECTRIC POWER
This section contains statements which constitute "forward-
looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation
Reform Act of 1995. See Item 1. "Business--General" for cautionary
information with respect to such forward-looking statements.
The process of converting alumina into aluminum requires
significant amounts of electric power, and the cost of electric power is an
important production cost for Kaiser at its aluminum smelters. A portion
of the electric power used at the Mead and Tacoma, Washington, smelters, as
well as the rolling mill at Trentwood, Washington, is purchased from the
Bonneville Power Administration (the "BPA") under contracts which expire in
September 2001, and a portion of such electric power is purchased from
other suppliers. Kaiser has long-term arrangements, expiring in 2015, with
the BPA for the transmission of electric power by the BPA to those
facilities. The amount of electric power which may be provided by the BPA
to Kaiser after the expiration of the contracts in 2001 is not yet
determined; however, the Company believes that adequate electric power will
be available at that time, from the BPA and other suppliers, for the
operation of its facilities in Washington. The electric power supplied to
the Valco smelter in Ghana is produced by hydroelectric generators, and the
delivery of electric power to the smelter is subject to interruption from
time to time because of drought and other factors beyond the control of
Valco. Such power is supplied under an agreement with the VRA which
expires in 2017. The agreement indexes a portion of the price of power to
the market price of primary aluminum and provides for a review and
adjustment of the base power rate and the price index every five years.
Such a review is now underway together with discussions concerning the
reliability of the long-term supply of power. See Item 7. "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations--
Results of Operations-- Aluminum Operations--Valco Operating Level."
Electric power for the Anglesey smelter in Wales is supplied under an
agreement which expires in 2001. Kaiser is working to address these power
supply and power price issues; however, there can be no assurance that
electric power at affordable prices will be available in the future for
these smelters.
ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS
This section contains statements which constitute "forward-
looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation
Reform Act of 1995. See Item 1. "Business--General" and below for
cautionary information with respect to such forward-looking statements.
Kaiser is subject to a wide variety of international, federal,
state and local environmental laws and regulations (the "ENVIRONMENTAL
LAWS"). The Environmental Laws regulate, among other things, air and water
emissions and discharges; the generation, storage, treatment,
transportation and disposal of solid and hazardous waste; the release of
hazardous or toxic substances, pollutants and contaminants into the
environment; and, in certain instances, the environmental condition of
industrial property prior to transfer or sale. In addition, Kaiser is
subject to various federal, state and local workplace health and safety
laws and regulations ("HEALTH LAWS").
From time to time, Kaiser is subject, with respect to its current
and former operations, to fines or penalties assessed for alleged breaches
of the Environmental and Health Laws and to claims and litigation brought
by federal, state or local agencies and by private parties seeking remedial
or other enforcement action under the Environmental and Health Laws or
damages related to alleged injuries to health or to the environment,
including claims with respect to certain waste disposal sites and the
remediation of sites presently or formerly operated by Kaiser. Kaiser is
subject to certain lawsuits under the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended by the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 ("CERCLA"). See Item 3. "Legal
Proceedings--Kaiser Litigation." Kaiser, along with certain other
entities, has been named as a Potentially Responsible Party ("PRP") for
remedial costs at certain third-party sites listed on the National
Priorities List under CERCLA and, in certain instances, may be exposed to
joint and several liability for those costs or damages to natural
resources. Kaiser's Mead, Washington, facility has been listed on the
National Priorities List under CERCLA. The Washington State Department of
Ecology has advised Kaiser that there are several options for remediation
at the Mead facility that would be acceptable to the Department. Kaiser
expects that one of these remedial options will be agreed upon and
incorporated into a consent decree. In addition, in connection with
certain of its asset sales, Kaiser has agreed to indemnify the purchasers
with respect to certain liabilities (and associated expenses) resulting
from acts or omissions arising prior to such dispositions, including
environmental liabilities.
Based on Kaiser's evaluation of these and other environmental
matters, Kaiser has established environmental accruals, primarily related
to potential solid waste disposal and soil and groundwater remediation
matters. Kaiser is a defendant in a number of lawsuits, some of which
involve claims of multiple persons, in which the plaintiffs allege that
certain of their injuries were caused by, among other things, exposure to
asbestos during, and as a result of, their employment or association with
Kaiser or exposure to products containing asbestos produced or sold by
Kaiser. See Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations--Financial Condition and Investing
and Financing Activities--Aluminum Operations--Commitments and
Contingencies" and Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements under
the headings "Environmental Contingencies" and "Asbestos Contingencies."
PROPERTIES
The locations and general character of the principal plants,
mines, and other materially important physical properties relating to
Kaiser's operations are described above. Kaiser owns in fee or leases all
of the real estate and facilities used in connection with its business.
Plants and equipment and other facilities are generally in good condition
and suitable for their intended uses, subject to changing environmental
requirements. Although Kaiser's domestic aluminum smelters and alumina
facility were initially designed early in Kaiser's history, they have been
modified frequently over the years to incorporate technological advances in
order to improve efficiency, increase capacity, and achieve energy savings.
Kaiser believes that its plants are cost competitive on an international
basis.
Kaiser's obligations under the credit agreement entered into on
February 15, 1994, as amended (the "KACC CREDIT AGREEMENT"), are secured
by, among other things, mortgages on its major domestic plants (other than
the Gramercy alumina refinery and Nevada Micromill). For a description of
the KACC Credit Agreement, see Item 7. "Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations--Financial
Condition and Investing and Financing Activities--Aluminum Operations--
Financing Activities and Liquidity" and Note 7 to the Consolidated
Financial Statements.
FOREST PRODUCTS OPERATIONS
GENERAL
The Company engages in forest products operations through MGI and
its wholly owned subsidiaries, Pacific Lumber and Britt, and Pacific
Lumber's wholly owned subsidiaries, Scotia Pacific Company LLC ("SCOTIA
LLC") and Salmon Creek Corporation ("SALMON CREEK"). Pacific Lumber, which
has been in continuous operation for over 130 years, engages in several
principal aspects of the lumber industry--the growing and harvesting of
redwood and Douglas-fir timber, the milling of logs into lumber products
and the manufacturing of lumber into a variety of value-added finished
products. Britt manufactures redwood fencing and decking products from
small diameter logs, a substantial portion of which Britt acquires from
Pacific Lumber (as Pacific Lumber cannot efficiently process them in its
own mills).
FOREST PRODUCTS OPERATIONS
PACIFIC LUMBER OPERATIONS
Consummation of Headwaters Agreement
On March 1, 1999, Pacific Lumber, Scotia LLC and Salmon Creek
(collectively, the "COMPANIES") consummated the Headwaters Agreement (the
"HEADWATERS AGREEMENT") with the United States and California. See "--
Regulatory and Environmental Factors and Headwaters Agreement." Pursuant
to the terms of the Headwaters Agreement, approximately 5,600 acres of
timberlands known as the Headwaters Forest and the Elk Head Springs Forest
(the "HEADWATERS TIMBERLANDS") owned by the Companies were transferred to
the United States. In consideration for the transfer of the Headwaters
Timberlands, Salmon Creek was paid $299,850,000, Scotia LLC was paid
$150,000 and approximately 7,700 acres of timberlands known as the Elk
River Timberlands (the "ELK RIVER TIMBERLANDS") were transferred to Pacific
Lumber (and will be transferred to Scotia LLC within 180 days of
consummation of the Headwaters Agreement). The 7,700 acres of Elk River
Timberlands were out of a total of approximately 9,470 acres for which the
United States and California paid third party owners approximately $78
million. In addition, upon consummation of the Headwaters Agreement (i)
habitat conservation and sustained yield plans were approved covering the
Scotia LLC Timberlands (as defined below), (ii) California agreed to
purchase Scotia LLC's Owl Creek grove and a portion of Pacific Lumber's
Grizzly Creek grove, and (iii) the Companies dismissed takings litigation
pending against the United States and California. The net proceeds from
the sale of the Headwaters Timberlands and the portion of the Grizzly Creek
grove are to be held in escrow to support the Timber Notes, and are to be
released only under certain circumstances. Consequently, Salmon Creek
deposited approximately $285 million of the proceeds from the sale of the
Headwaters Timberlands into escrow pursuant to an Escrow Agreement. See "-
- -Regulatory and Environmental Factors and Headwaters Agreement--Escrow
Agreement."
TIMBER AND TIMBERLANDS
After giving effect to the transfers of timberlands under the
Headwaters Agreement, Pacific Lumber owns and manages approximately 220,000
acres of virtually contiguous commercial timberlands located in Humboldt
County along the northern California coast, an area which has very
favorable soil and climate conditions for growing timber. These
timberlands contain approximately 80% redwood and 18% Douglas-fir and other
timber, are located in close proximity to Pacific Lumber's four sawmills
and contain an extensive network of roads. Including the pending transfer
from Pacific Lumber to Scotia LLC of the Elk River Timberlands,
approximately 206,000 acres of Pacific Lumber's timberlands are owned by
Scotia LLC (the "SCOTIA LLC TIMBERLANDS"). In addition, Scotia LLC has the
exclusive right to harvest (the "SCOTIA LLC TIMBER RIGHTS") approximately
12,200 acres of Pacific Lumber's timberlands. The timber in respect of the
Scotia LLC Timberlands and the Scotia LLC Timber Rights is collectively
referred to as the "SCOTIA LLC TIMBER." Substantially all of Scotia LLC's
assets are pledged as security for Scotia LLC's 6.55% Series B Class A-1
Timber Collateralized Notes, 7.11% Series B Class A-2 Timber Collateralized
Notes and 7.71% Series B Class A-3 Timber Collateralized Notes
(collectively, the "TIMBER NOTES"). Pacific Lumber harvests and purchases
from Scotia LLC all of the logs harvested from the Scotia LLC Timber. See
"--Relationships With Scotia LLC and Britt" for a description of this and
other relationships among Pacific Lumber, Scotia LLC and Britt.
The forest products industry grades lumber in various
classifications according to quality. The two broad categories within
which all grades fall, based on the absence or presence of knots, are
called "upper" and "common" grades, respectively. "Old growth" trees,
often defined as trees which have been growing for approximately 200 years
or longer, have a higher percentage of upper grade lumber than "young
growth" trees (those which have been growing for less than 200 years).
"Virgin" old growth trees are located in timber stands that have not
previously been harvested. "Residual" old growth trees are located in
timber stands which have been partially harvested in the past.
Pacific Lumber engages in extensive efforts to supplement the
natural regeneration of timber and increase the amount of timber on its
timberlands. Pacific Lumber is required to comply with California forestry
regulations regarding reforestation, which generally require that an area
be reforested to specified standards within an established period of time.
Pacific Lumber also actively engages in efforts to establish timberlands
from open areas such as pasture land. Regeneration of redwood timber
generally is accomplished through the natural growth of new redwood sprouts
from the stump remaining after a redwood tree is harvested. Such new
redwood sprouts grow quickly, thriving on existing mature root systems. In
addition, Pacific Lumber supplements natural redwood regeneration by
planting redwood seedlings. Douglas-fir timber grown on Pacific Lumber's
timberlands is regenerated almost entirely by planting seedlings. During
1998, Pacific Lumber planted approximately 1.2 million redwood and Douglas-
fir seedlings.
California law requires timber owners such as Pacific Lumber to
demonstrate that their operations will not decrease the sustainable
productivity of their timberlands. A timber company may comply with this
requirement by submitting a Sustained Yield Plan ("SYP") to the California
Department of Forestry ("CDF") for review and approval. An SYP contains a
timber growth and yield assessment, which evaluates and calculates the
amount of timber and long-term production outlook for a company's
timberlands, a fish and wildlife assessment, which addresses the condition
and management of fisheries and wildlife in the area, and a watershed
assessment, which addresses the protection of aquatic resources. The
relevant regulations require determination of a long-term sustained yield
("LTSY") harvest level, which is the average annual harvest level that the
management area is capable of sustaining in the last decade of a 100-year
planning horizon. The LTSY is determined based upon timber inventory,
projected growth and harvesting methodologies, as well as soil, water, air,
wildlife and other relevant considerations. The SYP must demonstrate that
the average annual harvest over any rolling ten-year period within the
planning horizon does not exceed the LTSY.
Pacific Lumber is also subject to federal and state laws
providing for the protection and conservation of wildlife species which
have been designated as endangered or threatened, certain of which are
found on Pacific Lumber's timberlands. These laws generally prohibit
certain adverse impacts on such species (referred to as a "TAKE"), except
for incidental takes which do not jeopardize the continued existence of the
affected species and which are made in accordance with an approved Habitat
Conservation Plan ("HCP") and related incidental take permit. An HCP
analyzes the impact of the incidental take and specifies measures to
monitor, minimize and mitigate such impact. In connection with the
consummation of the Headwaters Agreement, Scotia LLC and Pacific Lumber
reached agreement with various federal and state regulatory agencies with
respect to an SYP ("FINAL SYP") and a multi-species HCP ("FINAL HCP,"
together with the Final SYP, the "FINAL PLANS"). See "--Regulatory and
Environmental Factors and Headwaters Agreement."
Harvesting Practices
The ability of Pacific Lumber to sell logs or lumber products
will depend, in part, upon its ability to obtain regulatory approval of
timber harvesting plans ("THPS"). THPs are required to be developed by
registered professional foresters and must be filed with, and approved by,
the CDF prior to the harvesting of timber. Each THP is designed to comply
with applicable laws and regulations, including the requirements of the
Final Plans (as defined below). During the second half of 1998 and
continuing through the first quarter of 1999, Pacific Lumber has
experienced an absence of a sufficient number of available THPs available
for harvest to enable it to conduct its operations at 1997 levels. See
Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations--Results of Operations--Forest Products Operations--
Net Sales." However, with the adoption of the Final Plans in connection
with the consummation of the Headwaters Agreement, Pacific Lumber
anticipates, although it can give no assurances, that after a transition
period, the implementation of the Final Plans will streamline the process
of preparing THPs and potentially shorten the time required to obtain
approvals of THPs.
Pacific Lumber maintains a detailed geographical information
system covering its timberlands (the "GIS"). The GIS covers numerous
aspects of Pacific Lumber's properties, including timber type, tree class,
wildlife data, roads, rivers and streams. By carefully monitoring and
updating this data base and conducting field studies, Pacific Lumber's
foresters are better able to develop detailed THPs addressing the various
regulatory requirements. Pacific Lumber also utilizes a Global Positioning
System ("GPS") which allows precise location of geographic features through
satellite positioning.
Pacific Lumber employs a variety of well-accepted methods of
selecting trees for harvest. These methods, which are designed to achieve
optimal regeneration, are referred to as "silvicultural systems" in the
forestry profession. Silvicultural systems range from very light thinnings
aimed at enhancing the growth rate of retained trees to clear cutting which
results in the harvest of all trees in an area and replacement with a new
forest stand. In between are a number of varying levels of partial
harvests which can be employed.
Production Facilities
Pacific Lumber owns four highly mechanized sawmills and related
facilities located in Scotia, Fortuna and Carlotta, California. The
sawmills historically have been supplied almost entirely from timber
harvested from Pacific Lumber's timberlands. Since 1986, Pacific Lumber
has implemented numerous technological advances that have increased the
operating efficiency of its production facilities and the recovery of
finished products from its timber. Over the past three years, Pacific
Lumber's annual lumber production has averaged approximately 277 million
board feet, with approximately 230, 309 and 291 million board feet produced
in 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. The Fortuna sawmill produces
primarily common grade lumber. During 1998, the Fortuna mill produced
approximately 89 million board feet of lumber. The Carlotta sawmill
produces both common and upper grade redwood lumber. During 1998, the
Carlotta mill produced approximately 56 million board feet of lumber.
Sawmills "A" and "B" are both located in Scotia. Sawmill "A" processes
Douglas-fir logs and Sawmill "B" primarily processes large diameter redwood
logs. During 1998, Sawmills "A" and "B" produced 55 million and 30 million
board feet of lumber, respectively. Pacific Lumber has partially curtailed
operations at all of its sawmills due to an abnormally small inventory of
logs, because of the absence of a sufficient number of available THPs to
conduct harvesting at historic levels. It expects such curtailments to
continue for the next several months. See Item 7. "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations--
Results of Operations--Forest Products Operations--Preliminary 1999
Results."
Pacific Lumber operates a finishing and remanufacturing plant in
Scotia which processes rough lumber into a variety of finished products
such as trim, fascia, siding and paneling. These finished products include
the redwood lumber industry's largest variety of customized trim and fascia
patterns. Remanufacturing enhances the value of some grades of lumber by
assembling knot-free pieces of narrower and shorter lumber into wider or
longer pieces in its state-of-the-art end and edge glue plants. The result
is a standard sized upper grade product which can be sold at a significant
premium over common grade products. Pacific Lumber has also installed a
lumber remanufacturing facility at its mill in Fortuna which processes low
grade redwood common lumber into value-added, higher grade redwood fence
and related products.
Pacific Lumber dries the majority of its upper grade lumber
before it is sold. Upper grades of redwood lumber are generally air-dried
for three to twelve months and then kiln-dried for seven to twenty-four
days to produce a dimensionally stable and high quality product which
generally commands higher prices than "green" lumber (which is lumber sold
before it has been dried). Upper grade Douglas-fir lumber is generally
kiln-dried immediately after it is cut. Pacific Lumber owns and operates
34 kilns, having an annual capacity of approximately 95 million board feet,
to dry its upper grades of lumber efficiently in order to produce a
quality, premium product. Pacific Lumber also maintains several large
enclosed storage sheds which hold approximately 27 million board feet of
lumber.
In addition, Pacific Lumber owns and operates a modern
25-megawatt cogeneration power plant which is fueled almost entirely by the
wood residue from Pacific Lumber's milling and finishing operations. This
power plant generates substantially all of the energy requirements of
Scotia, California, the town adjacent to Pacific Lumber's timberlands where
several of its manufacturing facilities are located. Pacific Lumber sells
surplus power to Pacific Gas and Electric Company. In 1998, the sale of
surplus power accounted for approximately 2% of Pacific Lumber's total
revenues.
Products
The following table sets forth the distribution of Pacific
Lumber's lumber production (on a net board foot basis) and revenues by
product line:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1998 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1997
% OF TOTAL % OF TOTAL
LUMBER % OF TOTAL LUMBER % OF TOTAL
PRODUCTION LUMBER % OF TOTAL PRODUCTION LUMBER % OF TOTAL
PRODUCT VOLUME REVENUES REVENUES VOLUME REVENUES REVENUES
------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Upper grade redwood
lumber 14% 35% 29% 12% 34% 29%
Common grade redwood
lumber 58% 49% 41% 55% 42% 35%
------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Total redwood
lumber 72% 84% 70% 67% 76% 64%
------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Upper grade Douglas-
fir lumber 3% 5% 4% 4% 6% 5%
Common grade Douglas-
fir lumber 22% 10% 8% 25% 16% 13%
------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Total Douglas-
fir lumber 25% 15% 12% 29% 22% 18%
------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Other grades of
lumber 3% 1% 1% 4% 2% 2%
------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Total 100% 100% 83% 100% 100% 84%
lumber ============= ============= ============= ============= ============= =============
Logs 6% 7%
============= =============
Hardwood chips 3% 3%
Softwood chips 3% 4%
------------- -------------
Total wood chips 6% 7%
============= =============
</TABLE>
Lumber. In 1998, Pacific Lumber sold approximately 252 million
board feet of lumber (including 5.0 million of intersegment sales to
Britt), which accounted for approximately 83% of Pacific Lumber's total
revenues. Lumber products vary greatly by the species and quality of the
timber from which it is produced. Lumber is sold not only by grade (such
as "upper" grade versus "common" grade), but also by board size and the
drying process associated with the lumber.
Redwood lumber is Pacific Lumber's largest product category.
Redwood is commercially grown only along the northern coast of California
and possesses certain unique characteristics that permit it to be sold at a
premium to many other wood products. Such characteristics include its
natural beauty, superior ability to retain paint and other finishes,
dimensional stability and innate resistance to decay, insects and
chemicals. Typical applications include exterior siding, trim and fascia
for both residential and commercial construction, outdoor furniture, decks,
planters, retaining walls and other specialty applications. Redwood also
has a variety of industrial applications because of its chemical resistance
and because it does not impart any taste or odor to liquids or solids.
Upper grade redwood lumber, which is derived primarily from large
diameter logs and is characterized by an absence of knots and other
defects, is used primarily in distinctive interior and exterior
applications. The overall supply of upper grade lumber has been
diminishing due to increasing environmental and regulatory restrictions and
other factors. See Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations--Forest Products Operations--
Industry Overview." Common grade redwood lumber, Pacific Lumber's largest
volume product, has many of the same aesthetic and structural qualities of
redwood uppers, but has some knots, sapwood and a coarser grain. Such
lumber is commonly used for construction purposes, including outdoor
structures such as decks, hot tubs and fencing.
Douglas-fir lumber is used primarily for new construction and
some decorative purposes and is widely recognized for its strength, hard
surface and attractive appearance. Douglas-fir is grown commercially along
the west coast of North America and in Chile and New Zealand. Upper grade
Douglas-fir lumber is derived primarily from old growth Douglas-fir timber
and is used principally in finished carpentry applications. Common grade
Douglas-fir lumber is used for a variety of general construction purposes
and is largely interchangeable with common grades of other whitewood
lumber.
Logs. Pacific Lumber currently sells certain logs that, due to
their size or quality, cannot be efficiently processed by its mills into
lumber. The majority of these logs are purchased by Britt. The balance
are purchased by surrounding mills which do not own sufficient timberlands
to support their mill operations. See "--Relationships with Scotia LLC and
Britt" below. Except for the agreement with Britt described below, Pacific
Lumber does not have any significant contractual relationships with third
parties relating to the purchase of logs. Pacific Lumber has historically
not purchased significant quantities of logs from third parties; however,
Pacific Lumber may from time to time purchase logs from third parties for
processing in its mills or for resale to third parties if, in the opinion
of management, economic factors are advantageous to Pacific Lumber.
Wood Chips. Pacific Lumber uses a whole-log chipper to produce
wood chips from hardwood trees which would otherwise be left as waste.
These chips are sold to third parties primarily for the production of
facsimile and other specialty papers. Pacific Lumber also produces
softwood chips from the wood residue from its milling operations. These
chips are sold to third parties for the production of wood pulp and paper
products.
Backlog and Seasonality
Pacific Lumber's backlog of sales orders at December 31, 1998 and
1997 was approximately $16.8 and approximately $26.4 million, respectively,
the substantial portion of which was delivered in the first quarter of the
next fiscal year. The decline in the sales backlog from 1997 to 1998 was
principally due to a diminished supply of THPs which reduced the volume of
logs available for the production of lumber products. See "Management's
Discussion an Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations--
Results of Operations--Forest Products Operations--Net Sales." Pacific
Lumber has historically experienced lower first quarter sales due largely
to the general decline in construction-related activity during the winter
months. As a result, Pacific Lumber's results in any one quarter are not
necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year. The
seasonality of Pacific Lumber's business is expected to become more
pronounced because of the harvesting restrictions imposed by the Final
Plans. See "--Regulatory and Environmental Factors and Headwaters
Agreement."
Other
The Company also derives revenues from a soil amendment operation
and a concrete block manufacturing operation.
Marketing
The housing, construction and remodeling markets are the primary
markets for Pacific Lumber's lumber products. Pacific Lumber's policy is
to maintain a wide distribution of its products both geographically and in
terms of the number of customers. Pacific Lumber sells its lumber products
throughout the country to a variety of accounts, the large majority of
which are wholesalers, followed by retailers, industrial users, exporters
and manufacturers. Upper grades of redwood and Douglas-fir lumber are sold
throughout the entire United States, as well as to export markets. Common
grades of redwood lumber are sold principally west of the Mississippi
River, with California accounting for approximately 55% of these sales in
1998. Common grades of Douglas-fir lumber are sold primarily in
California. In 1998, Pacific Lumber had three customers which accounted
for approximately 8%, 7% and 7%, respectively, of Pacific Lumber's total
revenues. Exports of lumber accounted for approximately 4% of Pacific
Lumber's total revenues in 1998. Pacific Lumber markets its products
through its own sales staff which focuses primarily on domestic sales.
Pacific Lumber actively follows trends in the housing,
construction and remodeling markets in order to maintain an appropriate
level of inventory and assortment of products. Due to its high quality
products, competitive prices and long history, Pacific Lumber believes it
has a strong degree of customer loyalty.
Competition
Pacific Lumber's lumber is sold in highly competitive markets.
Competition is generally based upon a combination of price, service,
product availability and product quality. Pacific Lumber's products
compete not only with other wood products but with metals, masonry, plastic
and other construction materials made from non-renewable resources. The
level of demand for Pacific Lumber's products is dependent on such broad
factors as overall economic conditions, interest rates and demographic
trends. In addition, competitive considerations, such as total industry
production and competitors' pricing, as well as the price of other
construction products, affect the sales prices for Pacific Lumber's lumber
products. Pacific Lumber currently enjoys a competitive advantage in the
upper grade redwood lumber market due to the quality of its timber holdings
and relatively low cost production operations. Competition in the common
grade redwood and Douglas-fir lumber market is more intense, and Pacific
Lumber competes with numerous large and small lumber producers.
Employees
As of March 1, 1999, Pacific Lumber had approximately 1,250
employees, none of whom are covered by a collective bargaining agreement.
Relationships with Scotia LLC and Britt
Scotia LLC succeeded by merger to substantially all of the
business and operations of Pacific Lumber's wholly owned subsidiary, Scotia
Pacific Holding Company, a Delaware corporation ("SCOTIA PACIFIC"),
effective as of July 20, 1998 (the "CLOSING DATE"). Upon the consummation
of the Offering, Scotia LLC acquired Scotia Pacific's forestry department.
Scotia LLC's foresters, wildlife and fisheries biologists. geologists and
other personnel are responsible for providing a number of forest
stewardship techniques, including protecting the timber located on the
Scotia LLC Timberlands from forest fires, erosion, insects and other
damage, overseeing reforestation activities and monitoring environmental
and regulatory compliance. Scotia LLC's personnel are also responsible for
preparing THPs and updating the information contained in the GIS. See "--
Harvesting Practices" for a description of the GIS updating process and the
THP preparation process.
Effective on the Closing Date, Scotia Pacific and Pacific Lumber
were party to several agreements between themselves, including a Master
Purchase Agreement, a Services Agreement, an Additional Services Agreement,
an Environmental Indemnification Agreement and a Reciprocal Rights
Agreement. On the Closing Date, Scotia LLC entered into a New Master
Purchase Agreement with Pacific Lumber (the "NEW MASTER PURCHASE
AGREEMENT") which governs the sale to Pacific Lumber of logs harvested from
the Scotia LLC Timberlands. As Pacific Lumber purchases logs from Scotia
LLC pursuant to the New Master Purchase Agreement, Pacific Lumber is
responsible, at its own expense, for harvesting and removing the standing
Scotia LLC Timber covered by approved THPs, and the purchase price is
therefore based upon "stumpage prices." Title to, and the obligation to
pay for, harvested logs does not pass to Pacific Lumber until the logs are
transported to Pacific Lumber's log decks and measured. The New Master
Purchase Agreement generally contemplates that all sales of logs by Scotia
LLC to Pacific Lumber will be at a price which equals or exceeds the
applicable SBE Price. The New Master Purchase Agreement defines the "SBE
PRICE" for any species and category of timber as the stumpage price for
such species and category, as set forth in the most recent "Harvest Value
Schedule" (or any successor publication) published by the California State
Board of Equalization (or any successor agency) applicable to the timber
sold during the period covered by such Harvest Value Schedule. Harvest
Value Schedules are published twice a year for purposes of computing a
yield tax imposed on timber harvested between January 1 through June 30 and
July 1 through December 31. SBE Prices are not necessarily representative
of actual prices that would be realized from unrelated parties at
subsequent dates.
After obtaining an approved THP, Scotia LLC offers for sale the
logs to be harvested pursuant to such THP. While Scotia LLC may sell logs
to third parties, it derives substantially all of its revenue from the sale
of logs to Pacific Lumber pursuant to the New Master Purchase Agreement.
Each sale of logs by Scotia LLC to Pacific Lumber is made pursuant to a
separate log purchase agreement that relates to the Scotia LLC Timber
covered by an approved THP and incorporates the provisions of the New
Master Purchase Agreement. Each such log purchase agreement provides for
the sale to Pacific Lumber of the logs harvested from the Scotia LLC Timber
covered by such THP and generally constitutes an exclusive agreement with
respect to the timber covered thereby, subject to certain limited
exceptions. However, the timing and amount of log purchases by Pacific
Lumber will be affected by factors outside the control of Scotia LLC,
including regulatory and environmental factors, the financial condition of
Pacific Lumber, Pacific Lumber's own supply of timber and its ability to
harvest such timber, and the supply and demand for lumber products (which,
in turn, will be influenced by demand in the housing, construction and
remodeling industries).
Scotia LLC continues to rely on Pacific Lumber to provide
operational, management and related services not performed by its own
employees with respect to the Scotia LLC Timberlands pursuant to a New
Services Agreement (the "NEW SERVICES AGREEMENT"). The services under the
New Services Agreement include the furnishing of all equipment, personnel
and expertise not within Scotia LLC's possession and reasonably necessary
for the operation and maintenance of the Scotia LLC Timberlands and the
Scotia LLC Timber as well as timber management techniques designed to
supplement the natural regeneration of, and increase the amount of, Scotia
LLC Timber. Pacific Lumber is required to provide all services under the
New Services Agreement in a manner consistent in all material respects with
prudent business practices which, in the reasonable judgment of Pacific
Lumber, (a) are consistent with then current applicable industry standards
and (b) are in compliance in all material respects with all applicable
timber laws. As compensation for the services provided by Pacific Lumber
pursuant to the New Services Agreement, Scotia LLC pays Pacific Lumber a
services fee ("SERVICES FEE") which is adjusted each year based on a
specified government index relating to wood products and reimburses Pacific
Lumber for the cost of constructing, rehabilitating and maintaining roads,
and performing reforestation services, on the Scotia LLC Timberlands, as
determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Certain of such reimbursable expenses are expected to vary in relation to
the amount of timber to be harvested in any given period.
On the Closing Date, Scotia LLC and Pacific Lumber also entered
into a New Additional Services Agreement (the "NEW ADDITIONAL SERVICES
AGREEMENT") pursuant to which Scotia LLC provides certain services to
Pacific Lumber. Services include (a) assisting Pacific Lumber to operate,
maintain and harvest its own timber properties, (b) updating and providing
access to the GIS with respect to information concerning Pacific Lumber's
own timber properties and (c) assisting Pacific Lumber with its statutory
and regulatory compliance. Pacific Lumber pays Scotia LLC a fee for such
services equal to the actual cost of providing such services, as determined
in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
On the Closing Date, Scotia LLC, Pacific Lumber and Salmon Creek
also entered into a New Reciprocal Rights Agreement whereby, among other
things, the parties granted to each other certain reciprocal rights of
egress and ingress through their respective properties in connection with
the operation and maintenance of such properties and their respective
businesses. In addition, on the Closing Date, Pacific Lumber entered into
a New Environmental Indemnification Agreement with Scotia LLC (the "NEW
ENVIRONMENTAL INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT") with Scotia LLC, pursuant to
which Pacific Lumber agreed to indemnify Scotia LLC from and against
certain present and future liabilities arising with respect to hazardous
materials, hazardous materials contamination or disposal sites, or under
environmental laws with respect to the Scotia LLC Timberlands. In
particular, Pacific Lumber is liable with respect to any contamination
which occurred on the Scotia LLC Timberlands prior to the date of the
agreement.
Pacific Lumber entered into an agreement with Britt (the "BRITT
AGREEMENT") which governs the sale of logs by Pacific Lumber and Britt to
each other, the sale of hog fuel (wood residue) by Britt to Pacific Lumber
for use in Pacific Lumber's cogeneration plant, the sale of lumber by
Pacific Lumber and Britt to each other, and the provision by Pacific Lumber
of certain administrative services to Britt (including accounting,
purchasing, data processing, safety and human resources services). The
logs which Pacific Lumber sells to Britt and which are used in Britt's
manufacturing operations are sold at approximately 75% of applicable SBE
prices (to reflect the lower quality of these logs). Logs which either
Pacific Lumber or Britt purchases from third parties and which are then
sold to each other are transferred at the actual cost of such logs. Hog
fuel is sold at applicable market prices, and administrative services are
provided by Pacific Lumber based on Pacific Lumber's actual costs and an
allocable share of Pacific Lumber's overhead expenses consistent with past
practice.
BRITT LUMBER OPERATIONS
Business
Britt is located in Arcata, California, approximately 45 miles
north of Pacific Lumber's headquarters. Britt's primary business is the
processing of small diameter redwood logs into wood fencing products for
sale to retail and wholesale customers. Britt was incorporated in 1965 and
operated as an independent manufacturer of fence products until July 1990,
when it was purchased by a subsidiary of the Company. Britt purchases
small diameter (6 to 11 inch) redwood logs of varying lengths. Britt's
purchases are primarily from Pacific Lumber, although it does purchase a
variety of different diameter and different length logs from various other
timberland owners. Britt processes logs at its mill into a variety of
different fencing products, including "dog-eared" 1" x 6" fence stock in
six foot lengths, 4" x 4" fence posts in 6 through 12 foot lengths, and
other lumber products in 6 through 12 foot lengths. Britt's purchases of
logs from third parties are generally consummated pursuant to short-term
contracts of twelve months or less.
Marketing
In 1998, Britt sold approximately 86 million board feet of lumber
products to approximately 57 different customers. Over one-half of its
1998 lumber sales were in California. The remainder of its 1998 sales were
in ten other western states. In 1998, Britt had four customers which
accounted for 23%, 20%, 12% and 11%, respectively, of Britt's total sales.
Britt markets its products through its own salesmen to a variety of
customers, including distribution centers, industrial remanufacturers,
wholesalers and retailers.
Britt's backlog of sales orders at December 31, 1998 and 1997 was
approximately $3.2 million and $5.4 million, respectively, the substantial
portion of which was delivered in the first quarter of the next fiscal
year.
Facilities and Employees
Britt's manufacturing operations are conducted on 12 acres of
land, 10 acres of which are leased on a long-term fixed-price basis from an
unrelated third party. Production is conducted in a 46,000 square foot
mill. An 18-acre log sorting and storage yard is located one quarter of a
mile away. The mill was constructed in 1980, and capital expenditures to
enhance its output and efficiency are made periodically. Britt's (single
shift) mill capacity, assuming 40 production hours per week, is estimated
at 37.4 million board feet of fencing products per year. As of March 1,
1999, Britt employed approximately 130 people, none of whom are covered by
a collective bargaining agreement.
Competition
Management estimates that Britt accounted for approximately one-
third of the total redwood fence market in 1998. Britt competes primarily
with the northern California mills of Georgia Pacific, Eel River and
Redwood Empire.
REGULATORY AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND HEADWATERS AGREEMENT
This section contains statements which constitute "forward-
looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation
Reform Act of 1995. See Item 1. "Business--General" in this section for
cautionary information with respect to such forward-looking statements.
General
Pacific Lumber's business is subject to a variety of California
and federal laws and regulations dealing with timber harvesting, threatened
and endangered species and habitat for such species, and air and water
quality. Compliance with such laws and regulations plays a significant
role in Pacific Lumber's business. The California Forest Practice Act (the
"FOREST PRACTICE ACT") and related regulations adopted by the California
Board of Forestry (the "BOF") set forth detailed requirements for the
conduct of timber harvesting operations in California. These requirements
include the obligation of timber companies to prepare, and obtain
regulatory approval of, detailed THPs containing information with respect
to areas proposed to be harvested (see "--Pacific Lumber Operations--
Harvesting Practices" above). As described above (see "--Pacific Lumber
Operations--Timber and Timberlands"), California law also requires large
timber companies submitting THPs to demonstrate that their proposed timber
operations will not decrease the sustainable productivity of their
timberlands, including through review and approval by the CDF of an SYP
establishing an LTSY for its timberlands. The federal Endangered Species
Act (the "ESA") and California Endangered Species Act (the "CESA") provide
in general for the protection and conservation of specifically listed
wildlife species and plants which have been declared to be endangered or
threatened. These laws generally prohibit certain adverse impacts on such
species (referred to as a "TAKE"), except for incidental takes pursuant to
otherwise lawful activities which do not jeopardize the continued existence
of the affected species and which are made in accordance with an approved
HCP and related incidental take permit. An HCP, among other things,
analyzes the potential impact of the incidental take of species and
specifies measures to monitor, minimize and mitigate such impact. The
operations of Pacific Lumber are also subject to the California
Environmental Quality Act ("CEQA"), which provides for protection of the
state's air and water quality and wildlife, and the California Water
Quality Act and Federal Clean Water Act, which require that Pacific Lumber
conduct its operations so as to reasonably protect the water quality of
nearby rivers and streams.
Compliance with such laws, regulations and judicial and
administrative interpretations, together with other regulatory and
environmental matters, have resulted in restrictions on the geographic
scope and timing of Pacific Lumber's timber operations, increased
operational costs and engendered litigation and other challenges to Pacific
Lumber's operations. The designation of a species as endangered or
threatened under the ESA or the CESA can significantly affect Pacific
Lumber's business if that species inhabits the Scotia LLC Timberlands. The
northern spotted owl, the marbled murrelet and the coho salmon are species
the designation of which has the potential to significantly impact Pacific
Lumber's business. In the absence of an approved HCP and incidental take
permits, Pacific Lumber has been required to operate on a "no-take" basis
with respect to these species. Prior to 1998, these matters had not had a
significant adverse effect on Pacific Lumber's financial position, results
of operations or liquidity. However, Pacific Lumber's 1998 results of
operations were adversely affected by certain regulatory and environmental
matters, including during the second half of 1998 the absence of a
sufficient number of available THPs to enable Pacific Lumber to conduct its
operations at historic levels.
Consummation of the Headwaters Agreement
In September 1996, Pacific Lumber and MAXXAM entered into the
Headwaters Agreement with the United States and California that provided
the framework for the acquisition by the United States and California of
the Headwaters Timberlands owned by the Companies. These timberlands are
commonly referred to as the Headwaters Forest and the Elk Head Springs
Forest (collectively, the "HEADWATERS TIMBERLANDS"). A substantial portion
of the Headwaters Timberlands consists of virgin old growth timberlands.
Consummation of the Headwaters Agreement was conditioned upon, among other
things (i) federal and state funding, (ii) state approval of an SYP, (iii)
federal approval of a habitat conservation plan ("HCP") designed to monitor
and mitigate the incidental take of species in connection with harvesting
operations, (iv) the issuance of incidental take permits which allow for
"incidental takes" of threatened or endangered species which do not
jeopardize their continued existence, (v) acquisition of approximately
9,400 acres of the Elk River Timberlands and (vi) tax closing agreements
satisfactory to MAXXAM and Pacific Lumber.
In November 1997, President Clinton signed an appropriations bill
which authorized the expenditure of $250 million of federal funds toward
consummation of the Headwaters Agreement. In July 1998, the Companies
released a draft multi-species habitat conservation plan ("MULTI-SPECIES
HCP") and draft SYP (the Multi-Species HCP, together with the SYP, the
"COMBINED PLAN") for the purpose of public review and comment. The
Combined Plan provided for, among other things, certain measures designed
to protect habitat for the marbled murrelet, a coastal seabird, and the
northern spotted owl, and required a specified watershed analysis process
designed to result in site specific protective zones for fish and other
wildlife being established on Pacific Lumber's timberlands.
In September 1998, California Governor Wilson signed a bill (the
"CALIFORNIA HEADWATERS BILL") which, among other things, appropriated $130
million toward consummation of the Headwaters Agreement, and authorized the
expenditure of up to $80 million toward the acquisition at fair market
value of Scotia LLC's Owl Creek grove. The bill also provided that if any
portion of the $80 million remained after purchase of the Owl Creek grove,
it could be used to purchase certain other timberlands. Other provisions
of the California Headwaters Bill authorized the expenditure of up to $20
million for the purchase of a portion of the Grizzly Creek grove, in which
the timber is owned by Pacific Lumber and the land is owned by Scotia LLC.
The California Headwaters Bill also contained provisions requiring the
inclusion of additional environmentally focused provisions in the final
version of the Combined Plan, including establishing wider interim
streamside "no-cut" buffers (while the watershed analysis process referred
to below is being completed) than provided for in the Combined Plan,
imposing minimum and maximum "no-cut" buffers upon the completion of the
watershed analysis process and designating the Owl Creek grove as a marbled
murrelet conservation area.
Beginning in December 1998, following the conclusion of the
public review and comment period, federal and state regulatory agencies
began to propose changes to the Combined Plan. These proposals, together
with the California Headwaters Bill, sought to impose more stringent
restrictions and requirements, reducing the amount of timber that could be
harvested as compared to the amount contemplated by the Combined Plan. As
a result, on December 17, 1998, Pacific Lumber announced that its
negotiations with the regulatory agencies regarding these proposed
revisions had not produced agreement on a Multi-Species HCP, as Pacific
Lumber and Scotia LLC could not agree to certain of the proposed revisions
and continue to operate effectively. Negotiations continued through
December without the parties reaching an agreement, and on December 31,
1998, Pacific Lumber announced that it could not concur with the terms of
the then-current agency proposals until it had received a copy of the final
HCP ("FINAL HCP") and final SYP ("FINAL SYP") (the Final HCP and Final SYP,
together and collectively, the "FINAL PLANS"), and it could review and
analyze the Final Plans. On January 22, 1999, the federal and state
agencies published the Final Plans, which included a revised Multi-Species
HCP containing many of the restrictions to which Pacific Lumber had
previously objected and certain other new restrictions not agreed to by
Pacific Lumber and Scotia LLC.
On February 16, 1999, Pacific Lumber and Scotia LLC filed with
the CDF certain information regarding the Final Plans and estimates of
sustained yield, harvest and economic impacts based on various scenarios
giving effect to the new proposed restrictions (the "CDF FILING"). Pacific
Lumber stated in the CDF Filing that, based on its computer modeled
estimates, minimum average annual harvest levels of 210 million board feet
of softwoods during the first decade were needed in order to generate
income and cash flows to meet interest and capital expenditure obligations;
to provide a minimum basis upon which to plan, adjust, budget and conduct
future operations so as to meet financial obligations and avoid additional
layoffs, mill closings and customer supply disruptions; and to satisfy its
other obligations to employees, customers and creditors. On February 25,
1999, the CDF delivered a letter to Pacific Lumber that in effect
interpreted the Final HCP to limit Pacific Lumber's projected average
annual harvest levels during the first decade to approximately 137 million
board feet of softwoods. On February 26, 1999, Pacific Lumber announced
that it could not proceed to consummate the Headwaters Agreement based on
these projected harvest levels and other factors.
On March 1, 1999, the CDF delivered a superseding letter to
Pacific Lumber approving the Final SYP and stating that, based upon further
analysis and information, Pacific Lumber's projected base average annual
harvest level during the first decade, consistent with the Final HCP, could
be approximately 179 million board feet of softwoods (not including timber
harvestable from the additional timber property which Scotia LLC had
purchased since the issuance of the Timber Notes ("ADDITIONAL TIMBER
PROPERTY") or other potential increases in harvest level). Further, on the
same date, the Company received written clarification from the federal and
state wildlife agencies that, among other things, the adaptive management
provision in the Final HCP would be implemented on a timely and efficient
basis, and in a manner that would be both biologically and economically
sound. See "--The Final Plans."
After consideration of all relevant factors, Pacific Lumber and
Scotia LLC consummated the transactions contemplated by the Headwaters
Agreement, and in consideration of the transfer of the Headwaters
Timberlands, the United States and California paid $300 million, of which
Salmon Creek received $299,850,000 (prior to payment of approximately
$125,000 of related closing costs) and Scotia LLC received $150,000, and
the United States and California transferred to Pacific Lumber
approximately 7,700 acres of the Elk River Timberlands. California also
entered into agreements with Scotia LLC and Pacific Lumber to purchase the
Owl Creek grove and a portion of the Grizzly Creek grove, respectively.
Further, in response to uncertainties regarding the potential impact of the
consummation of the Headwaters Agreement on the Timber Notes, Salmon Creek
deposited $285 million (representing all of its cash proceeds from the sale
of the Headwaters Timberlands, net of estimated costs associated with the
negotiation and consummation of the Headwaters Agreement), in an escrow
account to be made available, while so held, as necessary to support the
Timber Notes, and to be released only under certain circumstances. See "--
Escrow Agreement."
The Final Plans
The Final Plans were also completed in connection with the
consummation of the Headwaters Agreement. The Final HCP provides for the
issuance by state and federal regulatory agencies of the incidental take
permits ("PERMITS") with respect to certain threatened, endangered and
other species found on Pacific Lumber's timberlands over the 50 year term
of the HCP. The Permits issued under the Final HCP allow incidental takes
of 17 different species covered by the Final HCP, including the coho
salmon, the marbled murrelet, the northern spotted owl and the steelhead
trout.
The Final HCP has modified certain provisions of the Combined
Plan proposed in July 1998 and includes other provisions contemplated by
the California Headwaters Bill. Among other things, it no longer covers 19
of the species which were included in the Combined Plan. The Final HCP
also increased the size of certain areas to be set aside as marbled
murrelet conservation areas, and has also adopted wider interim streamside
"no cut" buffers as contemplated by the California Headwaters Bill.
Pending completion of the watershed analysis, the Final HCP also provides
for "no cut" buffers adjacent to certain intermittent watercourses on
Pacific Lumber's timberlands that flow only in response to significant
precipitation. Pacific Lumber has not completed its analysis of the
location of all of the intermittent streams on its property. The areas set
aside for streamside buffers may be adjusted up or down, subject to certain
minimum and maximum buffers, based upon the watershed analysis process,
which the Final HCP requires be completed within five years of its
effective date. The watershed analysis will also be reassessed every five
years.
The Final HCP also imposes certain restrictions on the use of
roads on the timberlands covered by the Final HCP (the "COVERED LANDS")
during several months of the year and during periods of wet weather, except
for certain limited situations. These restrictions may restrict operations
on the Covered Lands so that many harvesting activities could generally
only be carried out from June through October of any particular harvest
year, and then only if wet weather conditions do not exist. However,
Pacific Lumber anticipates that some harvesting will be able to be
conducted during the other months. The Final HCP also requires the
Companies to stormproof 75 miles of roads on the Covered Lands on an annual
basis, and also to build and repair certain roads. The Final HCP requires
the stormproofing to be done between May 2 and October 14 of each year,
while the road building and repair is to be accomplished between June 2 and
October 14 of each year. The road stormproofing building and repair is
also required to be suspended if certain wet weather conditions exist.
The Final HCP contains an adaptive management provision, which
various regulatory agencies have clarified will be implemented on a timely
and efficient basis, and in a manner which will be both biologically and
economically sound. This provision allows the Companies to propose changes
that are consistent with the California Agreement (as defined below) to any
of the Final HCP prescriptions based on, among other things, certain
economic considerations. The regulatory agencies have also clarified that
in applying this adaptive management provision, to the extent the changes
proposed by Pacific Lumber do not result in the jeopardy of a particular
species, the regulatory agencies will consider the practicality of the
suggested changes, including the cost to Pacific Lumber and economic
feasibility and viability.
Implementing Agreements
In connection with consummation of the Headwaters Agreement, the
Companies entered into several implementing agreements, including an
Implementation Agreement with Regard to Habitat Conservation Plan (the
"IMPLEMENTATION AGREEMENT") among the Companies and National Marine
Fisheries Service ("NMFS"), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ("USFWS"),
California Department of Fish and Game ("CDFG") and the CDF (the
"AGENCIES") to effectuate the Final HCP. Pursuant to the Implementation
Agreement, NMFS, USFWS and CDFG found that the Final HCP met all applicable
regulatory requirements and authorized the issuance of the Permits. Each
new THP on the Covered Lands to be submitted by Pacific Lumber or Scotia
LLC is required to incorporate the provisions of the Final HCP. Timber
harvesting and certain other specified activities detrimental to the
marbled murrelet are prohibited for the life of the Permits in all of the
marbled murrelet conservation areas. Such activities are prohibited in the
Grizzly Creek grove for an initial five-year period to allow an opportunity
for a portion of the grove to be purchased. Timber harvesting and certain
other specified activities may take place in the Grizzly Creek grove after
the initial five-year period unless USFWS or CDFG, in conjunction with
analysis from a scientific panel, make certain determinations under the ESA
and CESA regarding the effect on the marbled murrelet of these activities.
If USFWS or CDFG make such a determination, the Grizzly Creek grove is
required to be managed as a marbled murrelet conservation area.
Under the Implementation Agreement, the Companies are required to
expend such funds as may be necessary to fulfill each of their obligations
under the Final HCP and to post $2 million security to help secure certain
of their obligations under the Final HCP, which amount is subject to an
annual inflation index and is increased by the amount of any liquidated
damages the Companies are required to pay to California in the prior year
pursuant to the California Agreement. The Companies are also required to
fund an independent third party to monitor compliance with the Final HCP.
The Implementation Agreement permits the Companies to add up to
25,000 acres to the Final HCP so long as various conditions are satisfied,
including that the acreage to be added must be situated within one mile of
the main contiguous portion of the Covered Lands, which are defined in the
Implementation Agreement generally to include all timberlands owned by the
Companies on the date of the Implementation Agreement. The Implementation
Agreement provides that the Companies may relinquish the Permits; provided
that in the event of a relinquishment or revocation of the Permits, the
Companies must fully mitigate for the take of species that has occurred
prior to the relinquishment or revocation. The extent of the full
mitigation that would be required depends on a variety of circumstances.
If it is determined that the Companies must so mitigate for the prior take
of species, the Companies are required to execute a binding covenant
running with the land, in form and content satisfactory to the Agencies,
setting forth such commitment.
The Companies also entered into a separate agreement regarding
enforcement of the California Headwaters Bill (the "CALIFORNIA AGREEMENT")
with the California Resources Agency, CDFG, the CDF and the California
Wildlife Conservation Board ("CWCB"). The California Agreement, among
other things, provides that the Companies shall not undertake any timber
harvesting detrimental to the marbled murrelet in conservation areas
totaling approximately 7,700 acres for 50 years from the effective date of
the California Agreement. Pursuant to the requirements of the California
Agreement, the terms and conditions of the California Agreement were
recorded at closing as terms and conditions against the Covered Lands, to
bind the Company and its successors and assigns for a term of 50 years. The
California Agreement further provides for various remedies in the event of
a breach of the agreement, the Final HCP, the Implementation Agreement, the
California Permit, the California Headwaters Bill or any THP, including the
issuance of written stop orders with respect to specified harmful
activities, and liquidated damages for various breaches.
The California Agreement also provides that the Companies are
liable to the state for the reasonable costs of mitigation or similar work
performed by California as a "self-help" remedy in certain circumstances.
The Companies are also required to reimburse California for monitoring for
compliance with the agreement and to allow for inspection of timber
harvesting activities. The Companies are also required to post $2 million
security under the California Agreement (which is the same $2 million
required, as described above, under the Implementation Agreement). The
California Agreement also provides that it may not be amended unless, among
other things, certain California academic officials and a panel of
scientists have found the proposed amendment to be consistent with the ESA,
the Final HCP and the California Headwaters Bill.
Owl Creek and Grizzly Creek Agreements
The California Headwaters Bill appropriated up to $80 million
toward the purchase of the Owl Creek grove and up to an additional $20
million toward the purchase of a portion (as specified by California) of
the Grizzly Creek grove. In connection with the consummation of the
Headwaters Agreement, California entered into agreements with respect to
the future purchase of the Owl Creek grove (the "OWL CREEK AGREEMENT") and
a portion of the Grizzly Creek grove (the "GRIZZLY CREEK AGREEMENT").
Under the Owl Creek Agreement, Scotia LLC agreed to sell the Owl
Creek grove to the state of California for consideration consisting of the
lesser of the appraised fair market value or $79.65 million. The state may
pay the consideration for the Owl Creek grove to Scotia LLC in cash or, at
the state's option, 25% in cash and the balance in three equal annual
installments without interest. Should Scotia LLC disagree with the
methodology of the appraisal or its application, or if the fair market
value determined under the appraisal is less than $79.65 million, Scotia
LLC would have the right to terminate the Owl Creek Agreement. California
must purchase the Owl Creek grove by the later of the state's fiscal year
immediately following the fiscal year in which the state purchases the
Grizzly Creek property, or June 30, 2001. Consummation of the purchase
transaction under the Owl Creek Agreement is also subject to typical real
estate title and other closing conditions. The California Headwaters Bill
provides that the appraisal methodology, at Scotia LLC's option, may assume
the issuance of various permits and approvals with respect to the Owl Creek
grove, including the Permits.
With respect to the potential future Grizzly Creek sale, Pacific
Lumber and the CWCB agreed that Pacific Lumber would transfer a portion of
the Grizzly Creek grove to the state of California at a purchase price not
to exceed $19.85 million. Pacific Lumber has furnished a list of licensed
appraisers to California, and the state is to select an appraiser from this
list to determine the fair market value of the property, with Pacific
Lumber having the right to terminate the agreement if it reasonably
disagrees with the methodology employed with respect to the appraisal or in
the application of such methodology. The Grizzly Creek Agreement provides
that California must purchase a portion of the Grizzly Creek grove by no
later than October 31, 2000. Consummation of the purchase transaction
under the Grizzly Creek Agreement is also subject to typical real estate
title and other closing conditions. Also pursuant to the terms of the
Grizzly Creek Agreement, Pacific Lumber granted the state of California a
five-year option to purchase, at fair market value, additional property
within the Grizzly Creek grove. The net proceeds of the sale of the
Grizzly Creek property will be placed in escrow (on the same basis as the
net proceeds of the sale of the Headwaters Timberlands) unless, at the time
of receipt of such proceeds, funds are no longer on deposit under the
Escrow Agreement. See "--Escrow Agreement."
Water Quality
Under the Federal Clean Water Act, the Environmental Protection
Agency (the "EPA") is required to establish total maximum daily load limits
("TMDLS") in water courses that have been declared to be "water quality
impaired." The EPA and the North Coast Regional Water Quality Control
Board ("NCRWQCB") are in the process of establishing TMDL limits for
seventeen northern California rivers and certain of their tributaries,
including certain water courses that flow within the Scotia LLC
Timberlands. As part of this process, the EPA and the NCRWQCB are expected
to submit the TMDL requirements on the Scotia LLC Timberlands for public
review and comment. Following the comment period, the NCRWQCB would
finalize the TMDL requirements applicable to the Scotia LLC Timberlands,
which may require aquatic measures that are different from or in addition
to the prescriptions to be developed pursuant to the watershed analysis
process contained in the Final HCP.
Impact of Future Legislation
Laws, regulations and related judicial decisions and
administrative interpretations dealing with Pacific Lumber's business are
subject to change and new laws and regulations are frequently introduced
concerning the California timber industry. From time to time, bills are
introduced in the California legislature and the U.S. Congress which relate
to the business of Pacific Lumber, including the protection and acquisition
of old growth and other timberlands, threatened and endangered species,
environmental protection, air and water quality and the restriction,
regulation and administration of timber harvesting practices. In addition
to existing and possible new or modified statutory enactments, regulatory
requirements and administrative and legal actions, the California timber
industry remains subject to potential California or local ballot
initiatives and evolving federal and California case law which could affect
timber harvesting practices. It is not possible to assess the effect of
such future legislative, judicial and administrative events on Pacific
Lumber or its business.
Timber Operator's License
On February 26, 1999, the CDF issued Pacific Lumber a conditional
TOL for calendar year 1999. The 1999 TOL requires, among other things, that
harvesting under approved THPs by Pacific Lumber, Scotia LLC and their
contractors will be governed by limitations that require non-emergency road
use activities to cease under certain wet weather conditions. Item 3.
"Legal Proceedings--Pacific Lumber Litigation--Timber Operator's License."
Escrow Agreement
As a result of the sale of the Headwaters Timberlands, Salmon
Creek received proceeds of $299,850,000 in cash, prior to payment of
closing costs and expenses. Pursuant to an Escrow Agreement entered into
among Salmon Creek, Pacific Lumber and an escrow agent (the "ESCROW
AGENT"), Salmon Creek has deposited approximately $285 million of such
proceeds into a restricted account (the "ESCROWED FUNDS"), which Escrowed
Funds will be made available, while so held in escrow, as necessary to
support the Timber Notes with the balance of approximately $15 million to
be retained to defray expenses in connection with negotiation and
consummation of the Headwaters Agreement. In the event that the expenses
in connection with the negotiation and consummation of the Headwaters
Agreement are less than $15 million, the remaining unused portion of the
$15 million estimated expense amount is to be added to the Escrowed Funds.
The net proceeds of the sale of a portion of the Grizzly Creek grove will
also be placed in escrow (on the same basis as the net proceeds of the sale
of the Headwaters Timberlands) unless, at the time of receipt of such
proceeds, funds are no longer on deposit under the Escrow Agreement. See
Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations--Financial Condition and Investing and Financing
Activities--Forest Products Operations--Financing Activities and Liquidity"
for information regarding the circumstances under which the Escrowed Funds
can be released.
REAL ESTATE OPERATIONS
General
The Company, principally through its wholly owned subsidiaries,
invests in and develops residential and commercial real estate primarily in
Puerto Rico, Arizona and California. At December 31, 1998, the Company had
approximately $18.1 million of outstanding receivables derived from the
financing of real estate sales in its land developments and may continue to
finance real estate sales in the future.
Principal Properties
Palmas del Mar. Palmas del Mar, a master-planned community
located on the southeastern coast of Puerto Rico near Humacao ("PALMAS"),
was acquired by a subsidiary of the Company in 1984. As of December 31,
1998, Palmas included approximately 38 developed lots, parcels held for
sale consisting of 116 acres, and approximately 1,300 acres of undeveloped
land. Palmas del Mar Properties, Inc. ("PDMPI"), the subsidiary through
which the Company primarily conducts operations at Palmas, is planning the
development and sale of certain of this remaining acreage. PDMPI or its
affiliates also own a 23-room luxury hotel known as the Palmas Inn (which
is currently closed as it undergoes repairs for hurricane damaged suffered
in 1998), a casino, a Gary Player-designed 18-hole golf course, a Rees
Jones-designed 18-hole golf course, 20 tennis courts, and other facilities
within Palmas. Additionally, 104 condominiums are utilized by PDMPI in its
timesharing program (comprising 5,300 time-share intervals, of which
approximately 700 remain to be sold). A 102-room hotel and adjacent
executive convention center, known as the Wyndham Candelero Hotel (which is
also currently closed undergoing repairs for hurricane damage), a marina,
and certain restaurant facilities within Palmas, are owned and operated by
third parties. Approximately 1,600 private residences are also presently
located within Palmas.
In 1998, PDMPI sold approximately 32 acres, 13 residential lots,
529 time-share intervals, 272 time-share conversions, and 21 condominiums
for an aggregate of $22.9 million before net deferred income of $6.9
million. In 1997, PDMPI sold approximately five acres to be developed as a
residential project, 366 time-share intervals and 573 time-share
conversions for an aggregate of $7.9 million, before deferred income of
$2.2 million. During 1996, PDMPI completed the sale of the Wyndham
Candelero Hotel and certain other assets of Palmas. PDMPI is entitled to
royalty payments from the purchaser, for a period of 49 years, equal to 3%
of the gross revenues from the Wyndham Candelero Hotel and a percentage of
gross revenues from certain other assets. The Wyndham Candelero Hotel and
certain other current or former assets of Palmas are being managed for the
purchaser and PDMPI by an affiliate of Wyndham Hotels.
Palmas Country Club, Inc. ("PCCI"), a subsidiary of PDMPI, owns
the Palmas Country Club which consists of the two golf courses at Palmas, a
clubhouse, tennis courts and other facilities. During 1998, PCCI completed
construction of the Rees Jones-designed golf course and related facilities.
Fountain Hills. In 1968, a subsidiary of the Company purchased
and began developing approximately 12,100 acres of real property at
Fountain Hills, Arizona, which is located near Phoenix and adjacent to
Scottsdale, Arizona. As of December 31, 1998, Fountain Hills had
approximately 2,320 acres of undeveloped residential land, 42 developed
commercial and industrial lots, 33 acres of undeveloped commercial and
industrial land and 57 developed residential lots available for sale. The
year-round population of Fountain Hills is approximately 18,000. The
Company is planning the development of certain of the remaining acreage at
Fountain Hills. Future sales are expected to consist mainly of undeveloped
acreage, semi-developed parcels and fully-developed lots. During 1998, 43
residential lots, 30 commercial parcels, and 29 acres were sold for an
aggregate of $11.3 million, before net deferred income recognized of $3.6
million. During 1997, 63 residential lots, 20 commercial parcels and 193
acres were sold for an aggregate of $19.1 million before net deferred
income of $4.4 million. These sales figures do not include those arising
from the SunRidge Canyon development described in the following paragraph.
In 1994, a subsidiary of the Company entered into a joint venture
to develop an area in Fountain Hills known as SunRidge Canyon. The
development is a residential, golf-oriented, upscale master-planned
community. The project includes 950 acres, of which 185 acres have been
developed into a championship-quality, public golf course which opened for
play in November 1995. The remaining 765 acres are being developed into
approximately 823 single family lots, 571 of which had been sold as of
December 31, 1998. Sales of the individual lots began in November 1995.
The project consists of both custom lots, marketed on an individual basis,
and production lots, marketed to home builders. There are currently three
homebuilders actively involved in the construction and sale of new
production homes within SunRidge Canyon. During 1998, 52 custom lots and
182 production lots were sold for an aggregate of $15.5 million. During
1997, 43 custom lots and 172 production lots were sold for an aggregate of
$13.8 million. The development is owned by SunRidge Canyon L.L.C., an
Arizona limited liability company organized by a subsidiary of the Company
and SunCor Development Company. A subsidiary of the Company holds a 50%
equity interest in the joint venture.
In 1998, a subsidiary of the Company entered into a joint venture
to develop an area in Fountain Hills known as FireRock Country Club. The
development is a residential, golf-oriented, upscale master-planned
community. The project includes 808 acres, of which 283 acres are being
developed into a private country club offering an 18-hole championship golf
course, a 29,000 square foot clubhouse facility, and supporting swim,
tennis and fitness facilities. The remaining 525 acres are being developed
into approximately 375 single family lots and 254 attached villas.
Construction of the country club and the first phase of the residential
component is currently underway with opening of the golf course and the
initial sale of lots scheduled for December 1999. The single family lots
will be marketed on an individual basis and the land for the villas will be
marketed to home builders. The development is owned by FireRock, L.L.C., a
Delaware limited liability company organized by a subsidiary of the Company
(which holds a 50% equity interest in the joint venture) and an
unaffiliated third party.
Rancho Mirage. In 1991, a subsidiary of the Company acquired
Mirada, a 195-acre luxury resort-residential project located in Rancho
Mirage, California. Mirada is a master planned community built into the
Santa Rosa Mountains, 650 feet above the Coachella Valley floor. Two of
the five parcels within the project have been developed, one of which is a
custom lot subdivision of 46 estate lots. The Ritz-Carlton Rancho Mirage
Hotel, which is owned and operated by a third party, was developed on the
second parcel. The three remaining parcels encompass approximately 130
acres, which, under a development agreement with the City of Rancho Mirage
which extends until 2011, may be developed with a variety of residential
uses. During 1998, 5 lots and one house were sold for an aggregate of $4.6
million before deferred income of $0.5 million. The Company is currently
marketing the project's 4 fully-developed lots, one house and an off-site
commercial property, and engages in limited construction and direct sale of
residential units. The Company is also attempting to obtain environmental
approvals for development of all three of its remaining parcels within
Mirada, and final regulatory approvals for development of one of these.
There can be no assurance that the Company can satisfy the requirements of
such environmental approvals or any additional conditions of such final
approvals.
Other. The Company through its subsidiaries, owns a number of
other properties in Arizona, New Mexico and Texas. Efforts are underway to
sell most of these properties.
Marketing
The Company is engaged in marketing and sales programs of varying
magnitudes at its real estate developments. In recent years, the Company
has constructed residential units and sold time-share intervals at certain
of its real estate developments. The Company intends to continue selling
land to builders and developers and lots to individuals and expects to
continue to construct and sell completed residential units at certain of
its developments. It also expects to sell certain of its commercial real
estate assets. All sales are made directly to purchasers through the
Company's marketing personnel, independent contractors or through
independent real estate brokers who are compensated through the payment of
customary real estate brokerage commissions.
Competition and Regulation and Other Industry Factors
There is intense competition among companies in the real estate
investment and development business. Sales and payments on real estate
sales obligations depend, in part, on available financing and disposable
income and, therefore, are affected by changes in general economic
conditions and other factors. The real estate development business and
commercial real estate business are subject to other risks such as shifts
in population, fluctuations in the real estate market, and unpredictable
changes in the desirability of residential, commercial and industrial
areas. The resort and time-sharing business of Palmas competes with
similar businesses in the Caribbean, Florida and other locations.
The Company's real estate operations are subject to comprehensive
federal, state and local regulation. Applicable statutes and regulations
may require disclosure of certain information concerning real estate
developments and credit policies of the Company and its subsidiaries.
Periodic approval is required from various agencies in connection with the
design of developments, the nature and extent of improvements, construction
activity, land use, zoning, and numerous other matters. Failure to obtain
such approval, or periodic renewal thereof, could adversely affect the real
estate development and marketing operations of the Company and its
subsidiaries. Various jurisdictions also require inspection of properties
by appropriate authorities, approval of sales literature, disclosure to
purchasers of specific information, bonding for property improvements,
approval of real estate contract forms and delivery to purchasers of a
report describing the property.
Employees
As of March 1, 1999, the Company's real estate operations had
approximately 200 employees.
RACING OPERATIONS
General
MAXXAM, through various wholly owned subsidiaries, holds a 98.2%
equity interest in, and 97.5%% (or $51.2 million) of the 11% Senior Secured
Extendible Notes of, Sam Houston Race Park, Ltd. ("SHRP, LTD."). SHRP,
Ltd. is a Texas limited partnership which owns and operates Sam Houston
Race Park (the "RACE PARK"), a Texas Class 1 horse racing facility located
within the greater Houston metropolitan area. Another wholly owned
subsidiary of MAXXAM is the new managing general partner of SHRP, Ltd.
Racing Operations and Race Park Facilities
The Race Park offers pari-mutuel wagering on live thoroughbred or
quarter horse racing or simulcast racing generally seven days a week
throughout the year. Simulcasting is the process by which live races held
at one facility are broadcast simultaneously to other locations at which
additional wagers are placed on the race being broadcast. The Race Park's
principal sources of revenue are its statutory and contractual share of
total wagering on live and simulcast racing. The Race Park also derives
revenues from admission fees, food services, club memberships, luxury
suites, advertising sales and other sources.
Regulation of Racing Operations
The ownership and operation of horse racetracks in Texas are
subject to significant regulation by the Texas Racing Commission (the
"RACING COMMISSION") under the Texas Racing Act and related regulations
(collectively, the "RACING ACT"). The Racing Act provides, among other
things, for the allocation of wagering proceeds among betting participants,
horsemen's purses, racetracks, the State of Texas and for other purposes,
and empowers the Racing Commission to license and regulate substantially
all aspects of horse racing in the state. The Racing Commission must
approve the number of live race days that may be offered at the Race Park
each year, as well as all simulcast agreements. Class 1 racetracks in
Texas are entitled to conduct at least seventeen weeks of live racing for
each breed of horses (thoroughbreds and quarter horses).
Marketing and Competition
The Race Park believes that the majority of the patrons for the
Race Park reside within a 20-mile radius of the Race Park, which includes
most of the greater Houston metropolitan area, and that a secondary market
of occasional patrons can be developed outside the 20-mile radius but
within a 50-mile radius of the Race Park. The Race Park uses a number of
marketing strategies in an attempt to reach these people and make them more
frequent visitors to the Race Park. The Race Park competes with other
forms of entertainment, including casinos located approximately 125 to 150
miles from Houston, a greyhound racetrack located 60 miles from the Race
Park and a wide range of sporting events and other entertainment activities
in the Houston area. The Race Park could in the future also compete with
other forms of gambling in Texas, including casino gambling on Indian
reservations or otherwise. While the Race Park believes that the location
of the Race Park is a competitive advantage over the other more distant
gaming ventures mentioned above, the most significant challenge for the
Race Park is to develop and educate new racing fans in a market where
pari-mutuel wagering has been absent since the 1930s. Other competitive
factors faced by the Race Park include the allocation of sufficient live
race days by the Racing Commission and attraction of sufficient race horses
to run at the Race Park. The Race Park had 129 days of live racing during
1998. The Race Park currently has 133 days of live racing scheduled for
1999.
EMPLOYEES
At March 1, 1999, MAXXAM and its subsidiaries employed
approximately 2,000 persons, exclusive of those involved in Aluminum
Operations.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
For information concerning the principal properties of the
Company, see Item 1. "Business."
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
GENERAL
This section contains statements which constitute "forward-
looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation
Reform Act of 1995. See Item 1. "Business--General" as well as the
following paragraph for cautionary information with respect to such
forward-looking statements.
The following describes certain legal proceedings in which the
Company or its subsidiaries are involved. The Company and certain of its
subsidiaries are also involved in various claims, lawsuits and other
proceedings not discussed herein which relate to a wide variety of matters.
Uncertainties are inherent in the final outcome of those and the
below-described matters, and it is presently impossible to determine the
actual costs that ultimately may be incurred. Nevertheless, the Company
believes (unless otherwise indicated below) that the resolution of such
uncertainties and the incurrence of such costs should not have a material
adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of
operations or liquidity. However, there can be no assurance that there
will not be adverse determinations or settlements in one or more of the
matters identified below or other proceedings that could have a material
adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations
and liquidity.
Certain present and former directors and officers of the Company
are defendants in certain of the actions described below. The Company's
bylaws provide for indemnification of its officers and directors to the
fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. The Company is obligated to
advance defense costs to its officers and directors, subject to the
individual's obligation to repay such amount if it is ultimately determined
that the individual was not entitled to indemnification. In addition, the
Company's indemnity obligation can under certain circumstances include
amounts other than defense costs, including judgments and settlements.
MAXXAM INC. LITIGATION
This section describes certain legal proceedings in which MAXXAM
Inc. (and in some instances, certain of its subsidiaries) is involved. The
term "COMPANY," as used in this section, refers to MAXXAM Inc., except
where reference is made to the Company's consolidated financial position,
results of operations or liquidity.
USAT MATTERS
In October 1994, the Company learned that the United States
Department of Treasury's Office of Thrift Supervision ("OTS") had commenced
an investigation into United Financial Group, Inc. ("UFG") and the
insolvency of its wholly owned subsidiary, United Savings Association of
Texas ("USAT"). In December 1988, the Federal Home Loan Bank Board
("FHLBB") placed USAT into receivership and appointed the Federal Savings &
Loan Insurance Corp. as receiver. At the time of the receivership, the
Company owned approximately 13% of the voting stock of UFG.
On December 26, 1995, the OTS initiated a formal administrative
proceeding (the "OTS ACTION") against the Company and others by filing a
Notice of Charges (No. AP 95-40; the "NOTICE"). The Notice alleges, among
other things, misconduct by the Company, Federated Development Company
("FEDERATED"), Mr. Charles Hurwitz and others (the "respondents") with
respect to the failure of USAT. Mr. Hurwitz is the Chairman of the Board
and Chief Executive Officer of the Company. Mr. Hurwitz is also the
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Federated, a New York
business trust wholly owned by Mr. Hurwitz, members of his immediate family
and trusts for the benefit thereof. Mr. Hurwitz and a wholly owned
subsidiary of Federated collectively own approximately 68% of the aggregate
voting power of the Company. The Notice claims, among other things, that
the Company was a savings and loan holding company, that with others it
controlled USAT, and that, as a result of such status, it was obligated to
maintain the net worth of USAT. The Notice makes numerous other allegations
against the Company and the other respondents, including that through USAT
it was involved in prohibited transactions with Drexel, Burnham, Lambert
Inc. ("DREXEL"). The OTS's pre-hearing statement alleged unspecified
damages in excess of $560 million from the Company and Federated for
restitution and reimbursement against loss for their pro rata portion
(allegedly 35%) of the amount of USAT's capital deficiency and all imbedded
losses as of the date of USAT's receivership (allegedly $1.6 billion). The
OTS also seeks civil money penalties and a removal from, and prohibition
against the Company and the other respondents engaging in, the banking
industry. The hearing on the merits of this matter concluded March 1,
1999. Post trial briefing is expected to continue at least through
September 1999. A recommended decision by the administrative law judge is
not expected any sooner than late 1999. A final agency decision would be
issued by the OTS Director thereafter. Such decision would then be subject
to appeal by any of the parties to the federal appellate court and, if
adverse to the defendants, subject to bonding. On February 10, 1999, the
OTS and the FDIC settled with all of the respondents except Mr. Hurwitz,
the Company and Federated for $1.0 million and limited cease and desist
orders. It is impossible to predict the ultimate outcome of the foregoing
matter or its potential impact on the Company's consolidated financial
position, results of operations or liquidity. See also the description of
the FDIC action below.
On August 2, 1995, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
("FDIC") filed a civil action entitled Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation, as manager of the FSLIC Resolution Fund v. Charles E. Hurwitz
(the "FDIC ACTION") in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of
Texas (No. H-95-3956). The original complaint was against Mr. Hurwitz and
alleged damages in excess of $250.0 million based on the allegation that
Mr. Hurwitz was a controlling shareholder, de facto senior officer and
director of USAT, and was involved in certain decisions which contributed
to the insolvency of USAT. The original complaint further alleged, among
other things, that Mr. Hurwitz was obligated to ensure that UFG, Federated
and MAXXAM maintained the net worth of USAT. In January 1997, the FDIC
filed an amended complaint which seeks, conditioned on the OTS prevailing
in the OTS action, unspecified damages from Mr. Hurwitz relating to amounts
the OTS does not collect from the Company and Federated with respect to
their alleged obligations to maintain USAT's net worth. On February 6,
1998, Mr. Hurwitz filed a motion seeking dismissal of this action. On
November 2, 1998, Mr. Hurwitz filed a supplement to his motion to dismiss
and on December 9, 1998, Mr. Hurwitz filed a supplemental motion for
sanctions against the FDIC. On March 12, 1999, the Court held a hearing on
pending motions including the motion to dismiss, and on March 15, 1999, the
Court confirmed that it had taken the motion to dismiss under advisement.
It is impossible to predict the ultimate outcome of the foregoing matter or
its potential impact on the Company's consolidated financial position,
results of operations or liquidity.
In January 1995, an action entitled U.S., ex rel., Martel v.
Hurwitz, et al. (the "MARTEL ACTION") was filed in the U.S. District Court
for the Northern District of California (No. C 95-0322), which named as
defendants the Company, Mr. Hurwitz, MGI, Federated, UFG and a former
director of the Company. This action was purportedly brought by the
plaintiff on behalf of the U.S. government; however, the U.S. government
declined to participate in the suit. The suit alleged that defendants made
false statements and claims in violation of the Federal False Claims Act in
connection with USAT. On January 22, 1999, the Court granted defendants'
motion to dismiss and assessed costs against the plaintiff. MAXXAM is also
seeking to recover attorneys' fees in the amount of approximately $110,000,
including as a sanction against plaintiff and his counsel for filing a
frivolous lawsuit.
KAISER LITIGATION
ASBESTOS-RELATED LITIGATION
KACC is a defendant in a number of lawsuits, some of which
involve claims of multiple persons, in which the plaintiffs allege that
certain of their injuries were caused by, among other things, exposure to
asbestos during, and as a result of, their employment or association with
KACC or exposure to products containing asbestos produced or sold by KACC.
For additional information, see Item 7. "Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations--Financial
Condition and Investing and Financing Activities--Aluminum Operations--
Commitments and Contingencies" and Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements under the headings "Environmental Contingencies" and "Asbestos
Contingencies."
LABOR MATTERS
In connection with the USWA strike and subsequent lock-out by
KACC, certain allegations of unfair labor practices ("ULPs") have been
filed with the National Labor Relations Board by the USWA and its members.
KACC has responded to all such allegations and believes that they are
without merit. If the allegations were sustained, KACC could be required
to make locked-out employees whole for back wages from the date of the
lock-out in January 1999.
OTHER MATTERS
Various other lawsuits and claims are pending against Kaiser.
While uncertainties are inherent in the final outcome of such matters and
it is presently impossible to determine the actual costs that ultimately
may be incurred, management believes that the resolution of such
uncertainties and the incurrence of such costs should not have a material
adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of
operations or liquidity.
PACIFIC LUMBER LITIGATION
TIMBER HARVESTING LITIGATION
On August 12, 1998, an action entitled Environmental Protection
Information Center, Inc., Sierra Club v. Pacific Lumber, Scotia Pacific
Holding Company, Salmon Creek Corporation (No. C 98-3129) (the "EPIC
LAWSUIT") was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern
District of California. The action relates to a number of Scotia Pacific's
THPs. The plaintiffs allege that certain procedural violations of the ESA
have resulted from logging activities on Pacific Lumber's timberlands and
seek to prevent the defendants from carrying out any harvesting activities
until certain wildlife consultation requirements under the ESA are
satisfied in connection with the Combined Plan. See "Business--Forest
Products Operations--Regulatory and Environmental Matters and Headwaters
Agreement." On September 3, 1998, the Court granted plaintiffs' motion for
preliminary injunction covering three THPs (consisting principally of old
growth Douglas-fir timber) pending evidentiary hearings. Following the
evidentiary hearings, which concluded on October 22, 1998, the Court
requested additional briefing, which was filed on November 9, 1998. On
March 15, 1999, the Court affirmed its preliminary injunction until it
reaches a decision on the merits of the EPIC Lawsuit. However, subsequent
to this ruling, the Court heard the defendants' motion for summary judgment
on the merits of the case, and issued an order for plaintiffs to show cause
why the lawsuit should not be dismissed as moot since the consultation
requirement appears to have been concluded. While the Company believes
that the consummation of the Headwaters Agreement is a positive development
with respect to the EPIC Lawsuit, the Company is unable to predict the
outcome of this case or its ultimate impact on the Company's financial
condition or results of operations.
On January 26, 1998, an action entitled Coho Salmon,
Environmental Information Center, Inc. and Sierra Club v. Pacific Lumber,
Scotia Pacific Holding Company and Salmon Creek Corporation (No. C 98-0283)
(the "COHO LAWSUIT") was filed in the United States District Court for the
Northern District of California. This action alleged among other things,
violations of the ESA and claims that defendants' logging operations in
five watersheds have contributed to the "take" of the coho salmon. On
March 22, 1999, the Court approved the agreed dismissal with prejudice of
this lawsuit.
On May 27, 1998, an action entitled Mateel Environmental Justice
Foundation v. Pacific Lumber, Scotia Pacific Holding Company and Salmon
Creek Corporation and MAXXAM Group Inc. (No. DR 980301) was brought and is
now pending in the Superior Court of Humboldt County. This action alleges,
among other things, violations of California's unfair competition law of
the business and professions code based on citations and violations
(primarily water quality related) issued against the defendants since 1994
in connection with a substantial number of THPs. On January 5, 1999,
plaintiff amended its complaint and narrowed its claim to 17 THPs. The
plaintiff seeks, among other things, disgorgement of profits, and an
injunction prohibiting alleged unlawful actions and requiring corrective
action.
On December 2, 1997, a lawsuit entitled Kristi Wrigley, et al. v.
Charles Hurwitz, John Campbell, Pacific Lumber, MAXXAM Group Holdings Inc.,
Scotia Pacific Holding Company, MAXXAM Group Inc., MAXXAM Inc., Scotia
Pacific Company LLC and Federated Development Company (No. 9700399) (the
"WRIGLEY LAWSUIT") was filed in the Superior Court of Humboldt County. This
action has been consolidated with an action entitled Jennie Rollins, et al. v.
Charles Hurwitz, John Campbell, Pacific Lumber, MAXXAM Group Holdings Inc.,
Scotia Pacific Holding Company, MAXXAM Group Inc., MAXXAM Inc., Burnum Timber
Company (No. 9700400) (the "ROLLINS LAWSUIT") which was also filed on December
2, 1997 in the Superior Court of Humboldt County. These actions allege,
among other things, that defendants' logging practices have damaged the
plaintiffs' properties and property values by contributing to the destruction
of certain watersheds and other areas, including the Elk River watershed and
the Stafford area, and have also contributed to landslides in these
areas. Plaintiffs further allege that in order to have THPs approved in
connection with these areas, the defendants submitted false information to
the CDF in violation of the California Business and Professions Code and the
Racketeering Influence and Corrupt Practices Act ("RICO"). The plaintiffs
amended their complaints by alleging that the number of THPs involved in the
lawsuit was 343 (an increase from the 150 in the original complaints).
Plaintiffs seek unspecified damages and other relief. The Company is unable
to predict the outcome of this case or the ultimate impact this matter will
have on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or
liquidity.
Pacific Lumber is also subject to certain other pending THP cases
which would not be expected to have a material adverse effect upon Pacific
Lumber, however, due to the diminished supply of THPs currently held by
Pacific Lumber, the issuance of injunctive or similar relief in certain of
these cases could exacerbate the difficulties that Pacific Lumber has been
experiencing with respect to the conduct of normal harvesting operations.
See Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations--Results of Operations--Forest Products
Operations--Net Sales."
On or about January 29, 1999, Pacific Lumber received a letter
from two private environmental advocacy groups of their 60-day notice of
intent to sue Scotia LLC, Pacific Lumber, several of the federal and state
agencies and others under the ESA. The letter alleges various violations
of the ESA, and challenges, among other things, the validity and legality
of the Permits issued in conjunction with the Final Plans. The Company
does not know when or if a lawsuit will be filed by the groups regarding
these matters, or if a lawsuit is filed, the ultimate impact of such
lawsuit on the Final Plans or the Company's consolidated financial
condition or results of operations.
TIMBER OPERATOR'S LICENSE
Historically, Pacific Lumber has conducted logging operations on
the Scotia LLC Timberlands with its own staff of logging personnel as well
as through contract loggers. In order to conduct logging operations in
California, a logging company must obtain from the CDF a timber operator's
license ("TOL"), which license is subject to annual renewal. On December
30, 1997, the CDF issued a statement of issues in connection with an
administrative action entitled In the Matter of the Statement of Issues
Against: the Pacific Lumber Company, Timber Operator License A-5326 (No. LT
97-8). This administrative action sought to deny Pacific Lumber's
application for a 1998 TOL based on various violations of the rules and
regulations of the Forest Practice Act. On the same date, Pacific Lumber
entered into a stipulation with the CDF (the "STIPULATION") and received a
conditional TOL for 1998 ("1998 TOL"). The 1998 TOL and Stipulation were
conditioned on, among other things, Pacific Lumber complying with existing
requirements governing timber harvesting, wet weather operating
restrictions and additional inspection and self-monitoring obligations.
The CDF notified Pacific Lumber on November 9, 1998 that it had
suspended Pacific Lumber's TOL for the remainder of 1998 due to violations
of the Forest Practice Act. Pacific Lumber determined not to appeal the
suspension of its 1998 TOL, and applied for a new TOL from the CDF for
1999. On February 26, 1999, the CDF issued Pacific Lumber a conditional
TOL for calendar year 1999. The 1999 TOL requires, among other things,
that harvesting under approved THPs by Pacific Lumber, Scotia LLC and their
contractors will be governed by limitations that require non-emergency road
use activities to cease under certain wet weather conditions. These road
use restrictions are substantially similar to those applicable under the
Final Plans and the 1998 TOL. The 1999 TOL also requires Pacific Lumber to
enhance its compliance program. The 1999 TOL, among other things, also
contains a requirement that Pacific Lumber pay a conservation organization
designated by the CDF three times the value of any timber felled by Pacific
Lumber or any other licensed timber operator in any no-cut zone on its or
Scotia LLC's timberlands. The 1999 TOL also advises Pacific Lumber that
should the 1999 TOL be revoked, the issuance of a new conditional license,
absent compelling circumstances, would be unlikely.
TAKINGS LITIGATION
On May 7, 1996, Pacific Lumber, Scotia Pacific and Salmon Creek
filed a lawsuit entitled The Pacific Lumber Company, et al. v. The United
States of America (No. 96-257L) in the United States Court of Federal
Claims seeking "just compensation" damages for the taking of certain of
their timberlands by the federal government through application of the ESA.
Salmon Creek filed a similar action entitled Salmon Creek Corporation v.
California State Board of Forestry, et al. (No. 96CS01057) in the Superior
Court of Sacramento County. These actions were dismissed with prejudice as
a condition of and upon consummation of the Headwaters Agreement.
HUNSAKER ACTION
On November 24, 1998, an action entitled William Hunsaker, et al.
v. Charles E. Hurwitz, Pacific Lumber, MAXXAM Group Inc., MXM Corp.,
Federated Development Company and Does I-50 (No. C 98-4515) was filed in
the United States District Court for the Northern District of California.
This action alleges, among other things, that a class consisting of the
vested employees and retirees of the former Pacific Lumber Company (Maine)
("OLD PALCO") is entitled to recover approximately $60 million of surplus
funds allegedly obtained through deceit and fraudulent acts from the Old
Palco retirement plan that was terminated in 1986 following the Company's
acquisition of Pacific Lumber. Plaintiffs further allege that defendants
violated the RICO and engaged in numerous acts of unfair business practices
in violation of the California Business and Professions Code. In addition
to seeking the surplus funds, plaintiffs also seek, among other things, a
constructive trust on the assets traceable from the surplus funds, plus
interest, trebling of damages for violation of RICO, punitive damages, and
injunctive and other relief. On January 11, 1999, the Court granted the
defendants' request to stay further proceedings in this matter, except for
the case management conference set for March 29, 1999, until after a
hearing and ruling on the defendants' motion to dismiss, which was filed on
January 19, 1999 and which was taken under advisement on March 26, 1999.
OTHER MATTERS
The Company is involved in other claims, lawsuits and other
proceedings. While uncertainties are inherent in the final outcome of such
matters and it is presently impossible to determine the actual costs that
ultimately may be incurred, management believes that the resolution of such
uncertainties and the incurrence of such costs should not have a material
adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of
operations or liquidity.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
Not applicable.
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED
STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The Company's common stock, $.50 par value, is traded on the
American, Pacific and Philadelphia Stock Exchanges. The stock symbol is
MXM. The following table sets forth, for the calendar periods indicated,
the high and low sales prices per share of the Company's common stock as
reported on the American Stock Exchange Consolidated Composite Tape.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1997
--------------------------- ---------------------------
HIGH LOW HIGH LOW
------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
First quarter 65.25 41.50 53.75 45.25
Second quarter 63.63 54.13 48.75 41.88
Third quarter 63.69 53.63 62.38 46.63
Fourth quarter 57.75 45.81 56.50 41.00
</TABLE>
The following table sets forth the number of record holders of
each class of publicly owned securities of the Company at March 1, 1999:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF
RECORD
TITLE OF CLASS HOLDERS
- -------------------------------------------------------- ------------
<S> <C>
Common Stock 4,286
Class A $.05 Non-cumulative Participating Convertible
Preferred Stock 31
</TABLE>
The Company has not declared any cash dividends on its Common
Stock and has no present intention to do so.
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following summary of consolidated financial information for
each of the five years ended December 31, 1998 is not reported upon herein
by independent public accountants and should be read in conjunction with
the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes thereto which are
contained elsewhere herein.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996 1995 1994
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
(IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS, EXCEPT SHARE AMOUNTS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF
OPERATIONS:
Net sales $2,572.7 $ 2,729.1 $ 2,543.3 $ 2,565.2 $ 2,115.7
Operating income 125.6 236.4 131.3 257.6 7.3
Income (loss) before
extraordinary item (14.7) 65.2 22.9 57.5 (116.7)
Extraordinary item, net (1) (42.5) - - - (5.4)
Net income (loss) (57.2) 65.2 22.9 57.5 (122.1)
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET AT
END OF PERIOD:
Total assets 4,075.2 4,114.2 4,115.7 3,832.3 3,690.8
Long-term debt, less
current maturities 1,977.3 1,888.0 1,881.9 1,585.1 1,582.5
Stockholders' deficit (2) (56.8) (2.9) (50.8) (83.8) (275.3)
PER SHARE INFORMATION:
Basic:
Income (loss) before
extraordinary item (2.10) 7.81 2.63 6.60 (13.43)
Extraordinary item (6.07) - - - (.61)
Net income (loss) (8.17) 7.81 2.63 6.60 (14.04)
Diluted:
Income (loss) before
extraordinary
item (2.10) 7.14 2.42 6.08 (13.43)
Extraordinary item (6.07) - - - (.61)
Net income (loss) (8.17) 7.14 2.42 6.08 (14.04)
<FN>
- ---------------
(1) Extraordinary losses relate to refinancing of long-term debt, net of
income tax benefits of $22.9 million and $2.9 million for 1998 and
1994, respectively.
(2) MAXXAM Inc. has not declared or paid any cash dividends during the
five year period ended December 31, 1998.
</TABLE>
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This section contains statements which constitute "forward-
looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation
Reform Act of 1995. These statements appear in a number of places in this
section (see "Results of Operations--Aluminum Operations," "Results of
Operations--Forest Products Operations," "Financial Condition and Investing
and Financing Activities" and "Trends"). See Item 1. "Business--General"
for cautionary information with respect to such forward-looking statements.
The following should be read in conjunction with the Company's Consolidated
Financial Statements and the Notes thereto which are contained elsewhere
herein.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
ALUMINUM OPERATIONS
Aluminum operations account for the substantial portion of the
Company's revenues and operating results. Kaiser Aluminum Corporation
through KACC operates in four business segments: bauxite and alumina,
primary aluminum, flat-rolled products and engineered products. Kaiser
uses a portion of its bauxite, alumina, and primary aluminum production for
additional processing at certain of its downstream facilities.
Intersegment transfers are valued at estimated market prices.
Industry Overview
Kaiser's operating results are sensitive to changes in the prices
of alumina, primary aluminum and fabricated aluminum products, and also
depend to a significant degree upon the volume and mix of all products sold
and on hedging strategies. Primary aluminum prices have historically been
subject to significant cyclical price fluctuations (see Notes 1 and 13 to
the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of Kaiser's hedging
activities).
During 1998, the Average Midwest United States transaction price
("AMT PRICE") per pound of primary aluminum experienced a steady decline,
beginning the year in the $.70 to $.75 per pound range and ending the year
in the low $.60 per pound range. Subsequent to December 31, 1998, the AMT
Price has continued to decline. At February 26, 1999, the AMT Price was
$.58 per pound. During 1997, the AMT Price remained in the $.75 to $.80
per pound price range for the first eleven months before declining to the
low $.70 per pound range in December. The AMT Price for 1996 remained
fairly stable, generally in the $.70 to $.75 per pound range, through June
and then declined during the second half of the year, reaching a low of
approximately $.65 per pound for October 1996, before recovering late in
the year.
Summary
The following table presents selected operational and financial
information with respect to the Company's aluminum operations for the years
ended December 31, 1998, 1997, and 1996. This information is presented in
a different format from that used in prior years as a result of Kaiser's
adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 131,
"Disclosures About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information" as of
December 31, 1998. Prior year information has been restated to conform to
Kaiser's new presentation format.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
------------- ------------- -------------
(IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS,
EXCEPT SHIPMENTS AND PRICES)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Shipments:(1)
Alumina:
Third party 2,250.0 1,929.8 2,073.7
Intersegment 750.7 968.0 912.4
------------- ------------- -------------
Total alumina 3,000.7 2,897.8 2,986.1
------------- ------------- -------------
Primary aluminum:
Third party 263.2 327.9 355.6
Intersegment 162.8 164.2 128.3
------------- ------------- -------------
Total primary aluminum 426.0 492.1 483.9
------------- ------------- -------------
Flat-rolled products 235.6 247.9 204.8
------------- ------------- -------------
Engineered products 169.4 152.1 122.3
------------- ------------- -------------
Average realized third party sales price: (2)
Alumina (per ton) $ 197 $ 198 $ 195
Primary aluminum (per pound) 0.71 0.75 0.69
Net sales:
Bauxite and alumina:
Third party (includes net sales of
bauxite) $ 472.7 $ 411.7 $ 431.0
Intersegment 135.8 201.7 194.1
------------- ------------- -------------
Total bauxite and alumina 608.5 613.4 625.1
------------- ------------- -------------
Primary aluminum:
Third party 409.8 543.4 538.3
Intersegment 233.5 273.8 217.4
------------- ------------- -------------
Total primary aluminum 643.3 817.2 755.7
------------- ------------- -------------
Flat-rolled products 714.6 743.3 626.0
Engineered products 581.3 581.0 504.4
Minority interests 78.0 93.8 90.8
Eliminations (369.3) (475.5) (411.5)
------------- ------------- -------------
Total net sales $ 2,256.4 $ 2,373.2 $ 2,190.5
============= ============= =============
Operating income $ 96.5 $ 174.0 $ 103.7
============= ============= =============
Income (loss) before income taxes and minority
interests $ (10.0) $ 66.3 $ 7.6
============= ============= =============
Capital expenditures and investments in
unconsolidated affiliates(3) $ 77.6 $ 128.5 $ 161.5
============= ============= =============
<FN>
- ---------------
(1) Shipments are expressed in thousands of metric tons. A metric ton is
equivalent to 2,204.6 pounds.
(2) Average realized prices for the Kaiser's flat-rolled products and
engineered products segments are not presented as they may not
necessarily be indicative of a specific business trend as such prices
are subject to fluctuations due to changes in product mix.
(3) Includes $7.2 million, $6.6 million and $7.4 million funded by
Kaiser's minority partners in certain foreign joint ventures in 1998,
1997 and 1996, respectively.
</TABLE>
Results for 1998 include the effect of two nonrecurring items
including approximately $60.0 million of pre-tax incremental expense and
the earnings impact of lost volume associated with a strike by members of
the USWA at five U.S. locations that began on September 30, 1998 and $45.0
million pre-tax non-cash charge to reduce the carrying value of Kaiser's
Micromill assets. In addition to the reduction in carrying value in 1998,
Kaiser had operating losses of $18.4 million, $24.5 million and $14.5
million associated with its Micromill assets in 1998, 1997 and 1996.
Results for 1997 include the effect of a nonrecurring pre-tax
charge of $19.7 million related to restructuring of operations.
Recent Events and Developments
Labor Matters
Substantially all of KACC's hourly workforce at the Gramercy,
Louisiana, alumina refinery, Mead and Tacoma, Washington, aluminum
smelters, Trentwood, Washington, rolling mill, and Newark, Ohio, extrusion
facility were covered by a master labor agreement with the USWA which
expired on September 30, 1998. The parties did not reach an agreement
prior to the expiration of the master agreement, and the USWA chose to
strike. As previously announced, in January 1999 KACC declined an offer by
the USWA to have the striking workers return to work at the five plants
without a new agreement. KACC imposed a lock-out to support its bargaining
position and continues to operate the plants with salaried employees and
other workers as it has since the strike began. Based on operating results
to date, Kaiser believes that a significant business interruption will not
occur.
KACC and the USWA continue to communicate; however, no formal
schedule for bargaining sessions has been developed at this time. The
objective of Kaiser has been, and continues to be, to negotiate a fair
labor contract that is consistent with its business strategy and the
commercial realities of the marketplace.
As a result of the USWA strike, Kaiser temporarily curtailed
three out of a total of eleven potlines at its Mead and Tacoma, Washington,
aluminum smelters at September 30, 1998. The curtailed potlines represent
approximately 70,000 tons of annual production capacity out of a total
combined production capacity of 273,000 tons per year at the facilities.
As previously announced, in February 1999, KACC began restarting the two
curtailed potlines at its Mead smelter representing approximately 50,000
tons of the previously idle capacity. KACC has also announced that it has
completed preparations to restart 20,000 tons of idle capacity at its
Tacoma smelter. However, the timing for any restart of the Tacoma potline
has yet to be determined and will depend upon market conditions and other
factors. Costs associated with the preparation and restart of the potlines
at the Mead and Tacoma facilities are expected to adversely affect Kaiser's
first quarter results.
While Kaiser initially experienced an adverse strike-related
impact on its profitability in the fourth quarter of 1998, Kaiser currently
believes that KACC's operations at the affected facilities have been
substantially stabilized and will be able to run at, or near, full
capacity, and at a level of costs comparable to what it would have incurred
under the expired USWA contract beginning in the first quarter of 1999
(excluding the impacts of the restart costs discussed above and the effect
of market factors such as the continued market-related curtailment at the
Tacoma smelter). However, no assurances can be given that KACC's efforts
to run the plants on a sustained basis, without a business interruption or
material adverse impact on Kaiser's operating results, will be successful.
Strategic Initiatives
Kaiser has devoted significant efforts analyzing its existing
asset portfolio with the intent of focusing its efforts and capital in
sectors of the industry that are considered most attractive, and in which
Kaiser believes it is well positioned to capture value. The initial steps
of this process resulted in the June 1997 acquisition of the Bellwood
extrusion facility in Richmond, Virginia, the formation of AKW, a joint
venture that designs, manufactures and sells heavy duty aluminum wheels, the
rationalization of certain of Kaiser's engineered products operations and
Kaiser's investment to expand its capacity for heat treat flat-rolled
products at its Trentwood, Washington, rolling mill. The restructuring
activities resulted in Kaiser recording a net pre-tax charge of $19.7
million in June 1997. See Notes 2 and 3 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements.
The portfolio analysis process also resulted in Kaiser's fourth
quarter 1998 decision to seek a strategic partner for further development
and deployment of KACC's Micromill technology. While technological
progress has been good, management concluded that additional time and
investment will be required for success. Given Kaiser's other strategic
priorities, Kaiser believes that introducing added commercial and financial
resources is the appropriate course of action for capturing the maximum
long-term value. This change in strategic course required a different
accounting treatment, and Kaiser correspondingly recorded a $45.0 million
impairment charge to reduce the carrying value of the Micromill assets to
approximately $25.0 million.
Another area of emphasis has been a continuing focus on managing
Kaiser's legacy liabilities. One element of this process has been actively
pursuing claims in respect of insurance coverage for certain incurred and
future environmental costs. During the fourth quarter of 1998, KACC
received recoveries totaling approximately $35.0 million related to current
and future claims against certain of its insurers. Recoveries of $12.0
million were deemed to be allocable to previously accrued (expensed) items
and were reflected in earnings during the fourth quarter of 1998. The
remaining recoveries were offset against increases in the total amount of
environmental reserves. No assurances can be given that Kaiser will be
successful in other attempts to recover incurred or future costs from other
insurers or that the amount of any recoveries received will ultimately be
adequate to cover costs incurred. See Note 12 to the Consolidated
Financial Statements.
In early 1999, Kaiser's program to focus its efforts and capital
in sectors of the industry which it considers to be the most attractive and
in which Kaiser believes it is well positioned to capture value, has
resulted in an agreement to sell one joint venture interest and a separate
agreement to purchase another. In January 1999, KACC signed a letter of
intent to sell its 50% interest in AKW to its joint venture partner. The
transaction, which would result in Kaiser recognizing a substantial gain,
is currently expected to close on or about March 31, 1999. However, as the
transaction is subject to negotiation of a definitive purchase agreement,
no assurances can be given that this transaction will be consummated.
Also, in February 1999, as previously announced, KACC completed the
acquisition of the remaining 45% interest in Kaiser La Roche Hydrate
Partners, an alumina marketing venture, from its joint venture partner for
a cash purchase price of approximately $10.0 million. See Note 17 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements.
Valco Operating Level
During most of 1998, Kaiser's 90%-owned Valco smelter in Ghana
operated only one of its five potlines, as compared to 1997, when Valco
operated four potlines. Each of Valco's potlines produces approximately
40,000 tons of primary aluminum per year. Valco received compensation (in
the form of energy credits to be utilized over the last half of 1998 and
during 1999) from the VRA in lieu of the power necessary to run two of the
three potlines that were curtailed during 1998. The compensation
substantially mitigated the financial impact of the curtailment of such
lines. Valco did not receive any compensation from the VRA for one
additional potline which was curtailed in January 1998. Based on Valco's
proposed 1999 power allocation from the VRA, Valco has announced that it
expects to operate three lines during 1999. The decision to operate at that
level was based on the power allocation that Valco has received from the VRA
as well as consideration of market and other factors. As previously
announced, Valco has notified the VRA that it believes it had the
contractual rights at the beginning of 1998 to sufficient energy to run four
and one-half potlines for the balance of the year. Valco continues to seek
compensation from the VRA with respect to the January 1998 reduction of its
power allocation. Valco and the VRA also are in continuing discussions
concerning other matters, including steps that might be taken to reduce the
likelihood of power curtailments in the future. No assurances can be given
as to the success of these discussions.
Net Sales
Bauxite and alumina. Third party net sales of bauxite and
alumina were up 15% in 1998 as compared to 1997 primarily due to a 17%
increase in third party alumina shipments. The increase in 1998 third
party shipments (and offsetting decrease in 1998 intersegment shipments)
resulted from reduced shipments to Valco, as more fully discussed above and
to a lesser extent, the fourth quarter strike-related curtailment of three
potlines at Kaiser's Washington smelters. The average realized price for
third party alumina sales was down only slightly as the allocated net gains
from Kaiser's hedging activities substantially offset the decline in market
prices related to Kaiser's primary aluminum-linked customer sales
contracts. In addition to being impacted by the reduced shipments to the
Valco and Washington smelters as discussed above, intersegment sales were
adversely affected by a substantial market-related decline in intersegment
average sales prices.
Third party net sales of bauxite and alumina decreased by 6% in
1997 as compared to 1996 as a 7% decline in third party alumina shipments
more than offset a 2% increase in average realized alumina prices. 1997
third party alumina shipment volumes were down as compared to 1996 as a
result of the timing of shipments and a 6% increase in intersegment
transfers primarily due to the operation in 1997 of an additional one-half
of a potline at Valco over the 1996 operating level. The increase in
intersegment net sales between 1996 and 1997 as a result of the increase in
intersegment shipments was offset by a 2% decline in intersegment prices.
Primary Aluminum. 1998 third party net sales of primary
aluminum were down 25% as compared to 1997 primarily as a result of a 20%
reduction in shipments, caused by the 1998 potline curtailments at the
Valco and Washington smelters. A 5% reduction in average realized third
party sales prices between 1998 and 1997 (reflecting lower market prices
offset, in part, by allocated net gains from KACC's hedging activities),
also adversely impacted third party net sales. Intersegment net sales were
down approximately 15% between 1998 and 1997. While intersegment
shipments were essentially unchanged from the prior year, average realized
prices dropped by 14% reflecting lower market prices for primary aluminum.
1997 third party net sales of primary aluminum were up slightly
compared to 1996 third party net sales figures as a 9% increase in average
realized prices offset an 8% decrease in third party shipments.
Intersegment sales in 1997 were up 26% compared to 1996 as a result of
increased requirements of the flat-rolled and engineered products segments.
Flat-Rolled Products. Net sales of flat-rolled products
decreased by 4% during 1998 as compared to 1997 as a 5% reduction in
product shipments was modestly offset by the price impact of changes in
product mix. The mix of product shipments in 1998 reflects a higher demand
for heat treat products, primarily in the first half of the year, offset by
reduced can sheet shipments and an increased level of tolling, all as
compared to 1997.
Net sales of flat-rolled products in 1997 increased by 19% over
1996 levels as a 21% increase in product shipments was only slightly offset
by the pricing impact of changes in product mix. The increase in 1997
product shipments over 1996 was primarily the result of the increased
international shipments of can sheet and increased shipments of heat-treat
products reflecting in part, increased aerospace demand.
Engineered Products. Net sales of engineered products were
relatively flat from 1997 to 1998. An 11% increase in product shipments in
1998 compared to 1997 was effectively offset by market-related reductions
in product prices as well as by the price impact of changes in product mix.
The increase in shipments is in part due to the impact of Kaiser's
ownership of the Bellwood extrusion facility for all of 1998 versus only
half of 1997, offset in part by a decline in sales attributable to the AKW
wheels joint venture formation in May 1997 and reduced shipments caused by
labor difficulties at two major customers.
Net sales of engineered products increased 15% from 1996 to 1997
as a 24% increase in product shipments was partially offset by the price
impact of changes in product mix. The increase in 1997 shipments over
1996 levels was primarily the result of Kaiser's June 1997 acquisition of
the Bellwood extrusion facility offset, in part, by the formation of AKW in
May 1997.
Operating Income (Loss)
Bauxite and alumina. The bauxite and alumina segment operating
income was essentially unchanged from 1997 to 1998, excluding the impact of
approximately $11.0 million in incremental strike-related costs. The
adverse impact of reduced intersegment realized prices was essentially
offset by improved operating performance resulting from higher production
as well as lower energy costs. Operating income improved substantially in
1997 from 1996, despite the reduced level of shipments and certain
increased costs in part resulting from a slowdown at Kaiser's 49%-owned
Kaiser Jamaican Bauxite Company, prior to the signing of a new labor
contract in December 1997, primarily due to lower overall operating costs.
Primary Aluminum. Primary aluminum segment operating income in
1998 was down significantly from 1997. The operating income impact of the
Valco potline curtailments was partially mitigated by the compensation from
the VRA for two of the three curtailed potlines. In addition to the impact
of the one uncompensated potline curtailment at Valco, 1998 results were
also negatively affected by the impact of the potline curtailments at
Kaiser's Washington smelters, reduced average realized prices (primarily on
intersegment sales) and an adverse strike-related impact of approximately
$29.0 million.
1997 improved significantly from 1996 as a result of the
aforementioned volume and price effects as well as reduced power, raw
material and supply costs and improved operating efficiencies. Segment
operating income for 1997 also included $10.3 million related to the
settlement of certain energy service contract issues.
Flat-Rolled Products. Operating income of flat-rolled products
increased significantly in 1998 primarily as a result of the increased
demand for heat treat products in the first half of 1998 and improved
operating efficiencies. Segment results for 1998 were particularly strong
in light of the unfavorable strike-related impact of approximately $16.0
million. Segment results for 1997 included a non-cash charge in connection
with restructuring activities.
1997 declined from 1996 as a result of a pre-tax charge related
to restructuring of operations together with reduced profitability of
international can sheet sales.
Engineered Products. After excluding the 1997 pre-tax net charge
related to restructuring of operations of approximately $20.0 million and the
adverse incremental strike-related impact of approximately $4.0 million in
1998, engineered products operating income declined by approximately 6% in
1998 as compared to 1997 as a result of the market impact of the previously
mentioned labor difficulties at two major customers and due to an overall
softening in demand, particularly in the second half of the year.
1997 improved substantially over 1996, despite a 1997 pre-tax net
charge related to restructuring of operations, as a result of the
aforementioned volume and product mix effects along with improved operating
efficiencies.
Eliminations. Eliminations of intersegment profit vary from
period to period depending on fluctuations in market prices as well as the
amount and timing of the affected segments' production and sales.
Corporate and Other. Corporate operating loss for 1998 decreased
from corporate operating loss for 1997 which included a pre-tax charge
associated with Kaiser's restructuring of operations. Corporate operating
expenses for the year ended December 31, 1997, also include consulting and
other costs associated with Kaiser's ongoing profit improvement program and
portfolio review initiatives.
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes and Minority Interests
Kaiser incurred a loss before income taxes and minority interests
for 1998 as compared to income before income taxes and minority interests
in 1997 mainly due to affects of non-recurring items including
approximately $60.0 million of pre-tax incremental expense and the earnings
impact of lost volume associated with a strike by members of the USWA (more
fully discussed above) and a $45.0 million pre-tax non-cash charge to
reduce the carrying value of Kaiser's Micromill(TM) assets. Income before
income taxes and minority interests improved for 1997 as compared to 1996
as a result of higher operating income as described above. Income before
income taxes and minority interests for 1997 included the effect of a
$19.7 million pre-tax restructuring charge.
As described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements,
Kaiser's cumulative losses in 1993, principally due to the implementation
of the new accounting standard for postretirement benefits other than
pensions, eliminated Kaiser's equity with respect to its common stock;
accordingly, from 1993 until August 1997, the Company has recorded 100% of
Kaiser's earnings and losses, without regard to the minority interests
represented by Kaiser's other common stockholders (as described in Note 10
to the Consolidated Financial Statements). With the conversion of Kaiser's
8.255% Preferred Redeemable Increased Dividend Equity Securities (the
"PRIDES") into Kaiser's common stock, par value $.01 ("Kaiser Common
Stock") in August 1997, the cumulative losses recorded by the Company with
respect to Kaiser's minority common stockholders were recovered, and the
Company began reflecting a minority interest in Kaiser's results in its
financial statements.
FOREST PRODUCTS OPERATIONS
Industry Overview
The Company's forest products operations are conducted by MGI,
through Pacific Lumber and Britt. MGI's business is highly seasonal and
has historically been significantly higher in the months of April through
November than in the months of December through March. Management expects
that MGI's revenues and cash flows will continue to be markedly seasonal.
The impact of seasonality on MGI's results is expected to become more
pronounced than it has been historically because of the harvesting, road
use, wet weather and other restrictions imposed by the Final HCP. As a
result, a substantial majority of the future harvesting on Pacific Lumber's
timberlands can be expected to be concentrated during the period from June
through October of each year. Some of these restrictions may be modified
under the adaptive management provision contained in the Final HCP and as a
result of the watershed analysis process to be performed over the five-year
period beginning March 1, 1999. See Item 1. "Business--Regulatory and
Environmental Matters and Headwaters Agreement--The Final Plans." The
following should be read in conjunction with the Company's Consolidated
Financial Statements and the Notes thereto appearing in Item 8.
Old growth trees constitute Pacific Lumber's principal source of
upper grade redwood lumber, Pacific Lumber's most valuable product. Due to
the severe restrictions on Pacific Lumber's ability to harvest old growth
timber on its property, Pacific Lumber's supply of upper grade lumber has
decreased in a number of premium product categories. Furthermore, logging
costs have increased primarily due to the harvest of smaller diameter logs
and compliance with environmental regulations relating to the harvesting of
timber and litigation costs incurred in connection with certain THPs filed
by Pacific Lumber. Pacific Lumber has been able to lessen the impact of
these factors by instituting a number of measures at its sawmills during
the past several years designed to enhance the efficiency of its
operations, such as modernization and expansion of its manufactured lumber
facilities and other improvements in lumber recovery. As a result of
further limitations on harvesting old growth trees under the Final HCP and
the Final SYP, Pacific Lumber expects that its production of premium upper
grade lumber products will decline further and that its manufactured lumber
products will constitute a higher percentage of its shipments of upper
grade lumber products. See also "--Trends--Forest Products Operations."
The following table presents selected operational and financial
information for the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996 for the
Company's forest products operations.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
------------ ------------ ------------
(IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS,
EXCEPT SHIPMENTS AND PRICES)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Shipments:
Lumber: (1)
Redwood upper grades 41.9 52.4 49.7
Redwood common grades 230.1 244.2 229.6
Douglas-fir upper grades 6.9 11.5 10.6
Douglas-fir common grades 47.5 75.3 74.9
Other 7.0 14.5 17.2
------------ ------------ ------------
Total lumber 333.4 397.9 382.0
============ ============ ============
Logs (2) 3.2 11.9 20.1
============ ============ ============
Wood chips (3) 176.7 237.8 208.9
============ ============ ============
Average sales price:
Lumber: (4)
Redwood upper grades $ 1,478 $ 1,443 $ 1,380
Redwood common grades 540 531 511
Douglas-fir upper grades 1,280 1,203 1,154
Douglas-fir common grades 346 455 439
Logs (4) 449 414 477
Wood chips (5) 70 73 76
Net sales:
Lumber, net of discount $ 211.6 $ 256.1 $ 234.1
Logs 1.5 4.9 9.6
Wood chips 12.3 17.4 15.8
Cogeneration power 3.9 4.5 3.3
Other 4.3 4.3 1.8
------------ ------------- -------------
Total net sales $ 233.6 $ 287.2 $ 264.6
============ ============= =============
Operating income $ 40.9 $ 84.9 $ 73.0
============ ============= =============
Operating cash flow (6) $ 63.4 $ 111.0 $ 100.2
============ ============= =============
Income (loss) before income taxes,
minority interests and extraordinary
item $ (24.7) $ 21.0 $ 6.3
============ ============= =============
Capital expenditures $ 22.0 $ 22.9 $ 15.2
============ ============= =============
<FN>
- ---------------
(1) Lumber shipments are expressed in millions of board feet.
(2) Log shipments are expressed in millions of feet, net Scribner scale.
(3) Wood chip shipments are expressed in thousands of bone dry units of
2,400 pounds.
(4) Dollars per thousand board feet.
(5) Dollars per bone dry unit.
(6) Operating income before depletion and depreciation, also referred to
as "EBITDA."
</TABLE>
Net Sales
Net sales declined from $287.2 million for the year ended
December 31, 1997 to $233.6 million for the year ended December 31, 1998
primarily due to lower shipments of lumber, logs and wood chips. The
decline in shipments which occurred during the first half of 1998 was
principally due to well-above-normal rainfall which reduced demand for
lumber products and severely limited the availability of rail
transportation. The increased rainfall, combined with additional
restrictions on Pacific Lumber's wet weather operations pursuant to the
terms of the 1998 TOL, and the applicability of logging restrictions during
the nesting seasons for both the northern spotted owl and the marbled
murrelet, also impeded Pacific Lumber's ability to transport logs to its
mills and hindered logging operations, thereby reducing the volume of logs
available for the production of lumber products. Revenues for the second
half of 1998 were primarily affected by a reduction in the volume of logs
harvested and converted into lumber products. Pacific Lumber's reduced
harvest level during the second half of 1998 was due in substantial part to
the absence of a sufficient number of THPs available for harvest to enable
it to conduct its operations at levels consistent with those in the
comparable period of 1997. The diminished supply of available THPs was
attributable to a reduced volume of approved THPs as well as regulatory and
judicial restrictions imposed upon harvesting activities in areas covered
by previously approved THPs. See Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements. These difficulties in harvesting and transporting logs
affected the types of logs available for the mills and Pacific Lumber's
ability to produce a desirable mix of lumber products which in turn
adversely affected sales.
The reduced number of approved THPs was, and continued to be,
attributable to several factors, including a significantly reduced level of
THPs submitted by Pacific Lumber to the CDF during 1998 and during the
first two months of 1999 due to (a) the extensive amount of time devoted by
Pacific Lumber's foresters, wildlife and fisheries biologists and other
personnel to (i) amending a significant number of previously submitted THPs
to incorporate various new requirements which Pacific Lumber agreed to as
part of the February 27, 1998 Pre-Permit Application Agreement (the "PRE-
PERMIT AGREEMENT"), (ii) preparing the Combined Plan and all the related
data, responding to comments on the Combined Plan, assessing and responding
to federal and state proposals and changes concerning the Combined Plan and
incorporated into the Final Plans, (iii) responding to comments received by
Pacific Lumber from various federal and state governmental agencies with
respect to its filed THPs in light of the new and more stringent
requirements that Pacific Lumber agreed to observe pursuant to the Pre-
Permit Agreement, and (iv) responding to newly filed litigation involving
certain of Pacific Lumber's approved THPs (see Part I. Item 3. "Legal
Proceedings") and (b) implementation of a provision contained in the Pre-
Permit Agreement which requires, for the first time, a licensed geologist
to review virtually all of Pacific Lumber's THPs prior to submission to the
CDF. Pacific Lumber has also experienced an unexpected significantly slower
rate of review and approval with respect to its filed THPs due, in large
part, to the issues that have emerged in applying the requirements embodied
in the Pre-Permit Agreement to Pacific Lumber's THPs, certain of which
requirements impose new forestry practices that apply solely to Pacific
Lumber's operations. As a result of the factors discussed above, Pacific
Lumber had a severely diminished inventory of approved THPs at March 1,
1999 which continues to limit Pacific Lumber's ability to conduct
harvesting operations and provide an adequate supply of logs to meet its
lumber production requirements.
With the consummation of the Headwaters Agreement, Pacific Lumber
has completed its work in connection with preparation of the Final Plans;
however, significant additional work will be required in connection with
its implementation. The remainder of 1999 will be a transition year for
Pacific Lumber with respect to the filing and approval of its THPs.
Certain of the THPs which were approved by the CDF prior to March 1, 1999
were grandfathered under the Final Plans, and are harvestable subject to
the harvesting restrictions prescribed under the THPs and satisfaction of
certain agreed conditions. The remaining THPs which were in the process of
being reviewed but were not yet approved by the CDF at the time of the
consummation of the Final Plans each require varying degrees of revisions
in order to comply with the requirements of the Final Plans. The rate of
submissions of THPs and the review and approval of THPs during the next
quarter may be slower than Pacific Lumber has historically experienced as
Pacific Lumber and the CDF develop procedures for implementing the Final
Plans. Accordingly, Pacific Lumber believes that its rate of new THP
submissions will not increase until some time in the second or third
quarter of 1999. Nevertheless, Pacific Lumber anticipates that after a
transition period, the implementation of the Final Plans will streamline
the process of preparing THPs and potentially shorten the time required to
obtain approval of THPs. However, there can be no assurance that Pacific
Lumber will not continue to experience difficulties in submitting and
receiving approvals of its THPs similar to those it has been experiencing.
Net sales for 1997 increased over 1996 due to higher average
realized prices and shipments for most categories of redwood and Douglas-
fir lumber.
Operating Income
Operating income for the year ended December 31, 1998 decreased
from the comparable prior year period primarily due to the decrease in net
sales discussed above. This impact was partially offset by a decrease in
depletion expense as a result of the decline in volumes discussed above and
a decrease in logging costs for the year ended December 31, 1998 from the
prior year period. Operating income for 1997 increased over 1996
principally due to the increase in net sales discussed above.
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes, Minority Interests and
Extraordinary Item
Forest Products operations had a loss before income taxes,
minority interests and extraordinary item for the year ended December 31,
1998 as compared to income for the 1997 period, primarily due to the
decrease in operating income discussed above. Results for the 1998 period
were also affected by a decrease in investment income from marketable
securities. Income before income taxes for 1997 increased over 1996
principally due to higher operating income discussed above and due to an
increase in net gains on marketable securities in 1997.
Preliminary 1999 Results
1999 forest products operating results will be adversely affected
by the decrease in log and lumber inventories, which is a result of the
severely diminished level of available THPs. Pacific Lumber had an
inventory of approved THPs for the harvesting of approximately 61,000 gross
Mbf of timber as of March 1, 1999, subject to satisfaction of certain
agreed conditions. Pacific Lumber anticipates that, upon expiration of the
restricted period of road use imposed under the Final HCP, and given
favorable weather conditions, Pacific Lumber should be able to resume more
normal harvesting activities in June 1999. Pacific Lumber has terminated
or laid off over 200 employees in 1999, and more layoffs will be required.
In addition, Pacific Lumber has partially curtailed operations at all of
its mills. Pacific Lumber expects that such curtailments will continue for
several months until such time as log inventories are adequate to achieve
normal lumber production levels. Lumber shipments in 1999 are expected to
be adversely affected by this slowdown in production.
REAL ESTATE AND RACING OPERATIONS
Industry Overview
The Company, principally through its wholly owned subsidiaries,
invests in and develops residential and commercial real estate primarily in
Puerto Rico, Arizona and California. The Company, through its
subsidiaries, also has majority ownership in SHRP, Ltd., a Texas limited
partnership, which owns and operates a Class 1 horse racing facility in
Houston, Texas.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
------------ ------------ ------------
(IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales:
Real estate $ 58.6 $ 48.7 $ 67.5
SHRP, Ltd. 24.1 20.0 20.7
------------ ------------ ------------
Total net sales $ 82.7 $ 68.7 $ 88.2
============ ============ ============
Operating income (loss):
Real estate $ - $ (3.4) $ (10.1)
SHRP, Ltd. 1.8 (1.6) (1.9)
------------ ------------ ------------
Total operating income (loss) $ 1.8 $ (5.0) $ (12.0)
============ ============ ============
Income (loss) before income taxes and
minority interests:
Real estate $ 14.4 $ 12.8 $ 18.9
SHRP, Ltd. (1.0) (4.6) (5.7)
------------ ------------ ------------
Total income before income taxes
and minority interests $ 13.4 $ 8.2 $ 13.2
============ ============ ============
</TABLE>
Net Sales
Net sales for the real estate segment include revenues from (i)
sales of developed lots, bulk acreage and real property associated with the
Company's real estate developments (ii) resort and other commercial
operations conducted at certain of the Company's real estate developments
and (iii) rental revenues associated with the RTC Portfolio in 1997 and
1996. Net sales do not include any amounts from the sale of income
producing properties, such as a hotel and other resort-related assets
formerly owned by Palmas del Mar, and the RTC Portfolio properties and
loans, which are recorded net of costs as investment, interest and other
income. As of December 31, 1997 substantially all of the RTC Portfolio
assets had been sold.
Net sales increased in 1998 from 1997 primarily due to higher
revenues from real estate development projects and SHRP Ltd, partially
offset by a decline in revenues from resort and commercial operations
reflecting various asset dispositions. Net sales decreased in 1997 from
1996 primarily due to lower revenues from resort and commercial operations,
reflecting the disposition by Palmas of the hotel and other resort-related
assets and the disposition of certain RTC Portfolio assets during 1996 and
early 1997.
Operating Income (Loss)
Operating income for 1998 increased from 1997 primarily due to
higher net sales discussed above. The operating loss for 1997 decreased as
compared to 1996 due to higher earnings from the sales of real property.
Included in the operating loss for 1997 is profit from two bulk land sales
at the Fountain Hills, Arizona, development.
Income Before Income Taxes and Minority Interests
Income before income taxes and minority interests for 1998
improved compared to 1997 primarily due to increases in operating income
discussed above, offset by decreases in investment, interest and other
income as a result of lower pre-tax gains from the sale of RTC portfolio
assets in 1998. The decrease in income before income taxes and minority
interests for 1997 is primarily due to lower 1997 gains of $10.5 million
from the sale of RTC Portfolio assets as compared to gains of $19.9 million
in 1996. This decline was partially offset by the reduction in operating
losses discussed above.
OTHER ITEMS NOT DIRECTLY RELATED TO INDUSTRY SEGMENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
------------ ------------ ------------
(IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Operating loss $ (13.6) $ (17.5) $ (33.4)
Loss before income taxes and minority
interests (25.3) (21.0) (39.2)
</TABLE>
Operating Loss
The operating loss represents corporate general and
administrative expenses that are not attributable to the Company's industry
segments. The change in operating loss between 1998, 1997 and 1996 is
principally due to accruals for certain legal contingencies, which were
$3.0 million, $5.6 million and $23.1 million in 1998, 1997 and 1996,
respectively (see Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Loss Before Income Taxes and Minority Interests
The loss before income taxes and minority interests includes
operating losses, investment, interest and other income (expense) and
interest expense, including amortization of deferred financing costs, that
are not attributable to the Company's industry segments. The loss for 1998
increased compared to 1997 primarily due to lower earnings from marketable
securities and short term investments. The loss for 1997 decreased from
1996 principally due to lower operating losses described above and higher
earnings from marketable securities.
Credit for Income Taxes
The Company's credit for income taxes differs from the federal
statutory rate due principally to (i) revision of prior years' tax
estimates and other changes in valuation allowances, (ii) percentage
depletion, and (iii) foreign, state and local taxes, net of related federal
tax benefits. Revision of prior years' tax estimates includes amounts for
the reversal of reserves which the Company no longer believes are
necessary. The Company's credit for income taxes for 1998, 1997 and 1996
reflects benefits of $11.5 million, $32.1 million and $40.8 million,
respectively, for such reversals of reserves.
Minority Interests
Minority interests represent the minority stockholders' interest
in the Company's aluminum operations and minority partners' interest in
SHRP, Ltd.
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES
PARENT COMPANY AND MGHI
Financing Activities and Liquidity
The Company conducts its operations primarily through its
subsidiaries. Creditors of and holders of minority interests in
subsidiaries of the Company have priority with respect to the assets and
earnings of such subsidiaries over the claims of the creditors of the
Company. As of December 31, 1998, the indebtedness of the subsidiaries and
the minority interests reflected on the Company's Consolidated Balance
Sheet were $1,990.2 million and $168.3 million, respectively. Certain of
the Company's subsidiaries, principally Kaiser and MGHI (and in turn MGHI's
subsidiaries), are restricted by their various debt agreements as to the
amount of funds that can be paid in the form of dividends or loaned to the
Company. As of December 31, 1998, the Company's other subsidiaries
(principally real estate) had an aggregate of nonrestricted cash and unused
borrowing availability of approximately $18.1 million which could have been
paid to the Company.
In December 1996, MGHI issued $130.0 million aggregate principal
amount of 12% Senior Secured Notes due 2003 (the "MGHI NOTES"), which have
been guaranteed by the Company on a senior, unsecured basis. Net proceeds
of $125.0 million received from the offering of the MGHI Notes have been
loaned to the Company pursuant to an intercompany note (the "INTERCOMPANY
NOTE"). The Company expects that the MGHI Notes will be serviced primarily
through dividends paid to MGHI from MGI and, to a considerably lesser
extent, cash interest payments by the Company on the Intercompany Note. In
connection with the issuance of the Timber Notes, the 11-1/4% MGI Senior
Secured Notes due 2003 and 12-1/4% MGI Senior Secured Discount Notes due
2003 (collectively, the "MGI NOTES") of its subsidiary, MGI, were redeemed
on August 19, 1998. See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
MGHI agreed to amend the indenture for the MGHI Notes to, among other
things, pledge all of the 27,938,250 shares of Kaiser common stock it owns,
16,055,000 shares of which were released from the pledge under the
indenture governing the MGI Notes. The indenture governing the MGHI Notes
contains various covenants which, among other things, limit the payment of
dividends and restrict transactions between MGHI and its affiliates. The
indenture would permit only a limited amount of dividends from MGHI during
the next several years; however, subject to the conditions of the Escrow
Agreement, MGHI may receive a portion of the proceeds from the sale of the
Headwaters Timberlands.
Although there are no restrictions on the Company's ability to
pay dividends on its capital stock, the Company has not paid any dividends
for a number of years and has no present intention to do so. The Company
has stated that, from time to time, it may purchase its common stock on
national exchanges or in privately negotiated transactions. In 1997, the
Company purchased 1,662,650 shares of its common stock for $87.9 million.
On October 17, 1997, 1,277,250 of these shares were acquired for $35.1
million in cash and $35.1 million in one-year notes bearing interest at 10%
per annum. On May 14, 1998, the Company repaid the $35.1 million notes.
On October 21, 1997, the Company renewed an agreement with the
Custodial Trust Company providing for up to $25.0 million in borrowings
(the "CUSTODIAL TRUST AGREEMENT"). In October 1998, the Company drew down
$16.0 million under the Custodial Trust Agreement, and the borrowing
converted to a term loan maturing on October 21, 1999 as provided under the
terms of the agreement. The loan is secured by 7,915,000 shares of Kaiser
common stock.
On November 26, 1997, the Company entered into a credit facility
with an investment bank providing for up to $25.0 million in borrowings
payable on demand. Borrowings are secured by 400,000 shares of Kaiser
common stock for each $1.0 million of borrowings. As of December 31, 1998,
$2.5 million of borrowings were outstanding under this facility. No
further borrowings were available as of December 31, 1998, as the trading
price of Kaiser's common stock was below the minimum required under this
agreement.
Kaiser has an effective shelf registration statement covering the
offering of up to 10 million shares of Kaiser common stock owned by the
Company.
During the three years ended December 31, 1998, the Company's
corporate general and administrative expenses, net of cost reimbursements
from its subsidiaries, have ranged between $13.0 million and $33.0 million
per year. The Company's corporate general and administrative expenses for
1998, 1997 and 1996 included a $2.9 million, $5.6 million and $23.1 million
charge, respectively, for certain legal contingencies, of which a
substantial portion related to legal fees and expenses that the Company
either has or estimates it will incur in connection with the OTS and FDIC
matters described in Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The
Company expects that its general and administrative costs, net of cost
reimbursements from subsidiaries and excluding expenses related to legal
contingencies, will range from $9.0 million to $11.0 million for the next
year. The Company cannot predict when or whether the expenses
represented by the accrual for legal contingencies will be incurred.
Furthermore, there can be no assurance that such accrual will be adequate or
that the Company's cash requirements for its corporate general and
administrative expenses will not increase.
The Company has realized a substantial portion of its cash flows
during the past several years from the sale of properties which were part
of the RTC Portfolio. From 1996 to 1998, these transactions resulted in
aggregate proceeds of $57.0 million and pre-tax gains of $25.0 million.
All of the RTC Portfolio had been sold as of December 31, 1998. The
Company expects cash flows from real estate activities during 1999 to be at
or near recent historical levels as a result of further asset sales at the
Palmas del Mar and Fountain Hills real estate developments.
As of December 31, 1998, the Company (excluding its subsidiaries)
had cash and marketable securities of approximately $42.1 million. The
Company believes that its existing resources, together with the cash
available from subsidiaries and financing sources, will be sufficient to
fund its working capital requirements for the next year. With respect to
its long-term liquidity, the Company believes that its existing cash and
cash resources, together with the cash proceeds from the sale of assets and
distributions from its subsidiaries, should be sufficient to meet its
working capital requirements. However, there can be no assurance that the
Company's cash resources, together with the cash proceeds from the sale of
assets, distributions from its subsidiaries and other sources of financing,
will be sufficient for such purposes. Any adverse outcome of the
litigation described below under "--Contingencies" or the regulatory and
environmental matters described under "--Trends" below could materially
adversely affect the Company's consolidated financial position, results of
operations or liquidity.
Investing Activities
In 1998, the Company purchased $11.0 million aggregate initial
principal amount of SHRP, Ltd.'s 11% Senior Secured Extendible Notes (the
"SHRP NOTES") and the corresponding equity interest in SHRP Equity, Inc.
for $10.6 million, thereby increasing the Company's ownership in SHRP, Ltd.
to 98.2%. In 1997, the Company purchased $11.0 million aggregate initial
principal amount of SHRP Notes for $5.9 million.
Contingencies
On December 26, 1995, the OTS initiated a formal administrative
proceeding against the Company and others by filing the Notice which
alleges, among other things, misconduct by the Company, Federated, Mr.
Charles Hurwitz and others (the "respondents") with respect to the failure
of USAT. The OTS's pre-hearing statement, alleged that the Company and
Federated are liable for in excess of $560 million, representing their pro
rata portion (allegedly 35%) of USAT's capital deficiency and all imbedded
losses. The hearing on the merits commenced on September 22, 1997 and
concluded on March 1, 1999. Post trial briefing is expected to continue at
least through September 1999. A recommended decision by the Administrative
Law Judge is not expected any sooner than late 1999. A final agency
decision would be issued by the OTS Director thereafter. Such decision
would then be subject to appeal by any of the parties to the federal
appellate court and, if adverse to the defendants, subject to bonding. On
February 10, 1999, the OTS and the FDIC settled with all the respondents
except Mr. Hurwitz, the Company and Federated for $1.0 million and limited
cease and desist orders.
In a related matter, the FDIC filed a civil action entitled
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, as manager of the FSLIC Resolution
Fund v. Charles E. Hurwitz (the "FDIC action"). The FDIC's amended
complaint seeks, conditioned on the OTS prevailing in its administrative
proceeding, unspecified damages from Mr. Hurwitz relating to amounts the
OTS does not collect from the Company and Federated with respect to their
alleged obligations to maintain USAT's net worth.
The Company's bylaws provide for indemnification of its officers
and directors to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. The Company
is obligated to advance defense costs to its officers and directors,
subject to the individual's obligation to repay such amount if it is
ultimately determined that the individual was not entitled to
indemnification. In addition, the Company's indemnity obligation can,
under certain circumstances, include amounts other than defense costs,
including judgments and settlements. The Company has concluded that it is
unable to determine a reasonable estimate of the loss (or range of loss),
if any, that could result from the OTS and FDIC matters. Accordingly, it
is impossible to assess the ultimate outcome of the foregoing matters or
their potential impact on the Company's consolidated financial position,
results of operations or liquidity. See Note 12 to the Consolidated
Financial Statements for further discussion of these matters.
ALUMINUM OPERATIONS
Financing Activities and Liquidity
Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contains a
listing of Kaiser's indebtedness and information concerning certain
restrictive debt covenants.
Kaiser and KACC have the KACC Credit Agreement under which KACC
is able to borrow by means of revolving credit advances and letters of
credit (up to $125.0 million) in an aggregate amount equal to the lesser of
$325.0 million or a borrowing base relating to eligible accounts receivable
plus eligible inventory. The KACC Credit Agreement, which matures in
August 2001, is guaranteed by Kaiser and by certain significant
subsidiaries of KACC. The KACC Credit Agreement requires KACC to comply
with certain financial covenants, places significant restrictions on Kaiser
and KACC, and is secured by a substantial majority of Kaiser's and KACC's
assets. The KACC Credit Agreement does not permit Kaiser or KACC to pay
any dividends on their common stock. KACC's public indebtedness also
include various restrictions on KACC and its subsidiaries and repurchase
obligations upon a Change of Control (as defined therein). As of December
31, 1998, no borrowings were outstanding under the revolving credit
facility of the KACC Credit Agreement. KACC had $274.1 million of unused
availability remaining under the KACC Credit Agreement at February 28,
1999, after allowances of $50.9 million for outstanding letters of credit.
Kaiser's cash provided by operating activities was $170.7
million, $45.0 million and $21.9 million in 1998, 1997 and 1996,
respectively. Kaiser's improvement in cash flows from operating activities
between 1998 and 1997 was due primarily to a reduced investment in working
capital (excluding cash), the receipt of $35.0 million of environmental
insurance recoveries and the impact of current year results (excluding non-
cash charges). The improvement in Kaiser's cash flows from operating
activities between 1996 and 1997 was primarily due to higher earnings
resulting from increased product prices and increased sales of fabricated
products partially offset by increased investment in working capital.
Kaiser believes that its existing cash resources, together with
cash flows from operations and borrowings under the KACC Credit Agreement,
will be sufficient to satisfy its working capital and capital expenditure
requirements for the next year. With respect to long-term liquidity,
Kaiser believes that operating cash flows, together with the ability to
obtain both short- and long-term financing, should provide sufficient funds
to meet its working capital and capital expenditure requirements.
Capital Structure
The Company owns approximately 63% of Kaiser Common Stock, with
the remaining 37% of Kaiser's Common Stock being held publicly.
During August 1997, the 8,673,850 outstanding shares of PRIDES
were converted into 7,227,848 shares of Kaiser Common Stock pursuant to
the terms of the PRIDES Certificate of Designations.
In addition to the shelf registration covering 10 million shares
of Kaiser Common Stock owned by the Company discussed above (the proceeds
of which sale would be paid to the Company rather than Kaiser), Kaiser has
an effective shelf registration statement covering the offering of up to
$150.0 million of Kaiser equity securities.
Investing Activities
Kaiser's capital expenditures of $77.6 million, $128.5 million
and $161.4 million in 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively, were made
primarily to construct new facilities, improve production efficiency,
reduce operating costs, and expand capacity at existing facilities and
construct or acquire new facilities.
A substantial portion of the increase in capital expenditures in
1996 was attributable to the development and construction of Kaiser's
proprietary Micromill technology for the production of can sheet and other
sheet products from molten metal. During 1998, the Micromill facility,
near Reno, Nevada, commenced product shipments to customers, but the amount
of such shipments was nominal. As previously announced, in order to
attempt to capture the maximum long-term value and given other strategic
priorities, Kaiser has decided to seek a strategic partner for the further
development and deployment of the Micromill technology. As discussed in
Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements this change in strategic
course required a different accounting treatment, and accordingly, Kaiser
recorded a $45.0 million non-cash charge to reduce the carrying value of
the Micromill assets. There can be no assurances regarding whether the
future development or deployment of the Micromill technology will be
successful.
Kaiser's total capital expenditures are expected to be between
$70.0 million and $90.0 million per year for the 1999-2001 period (of which
approximately 8% is expected to be funded by Kaiser's minority partners in
certain foreign joint ventures). Kaiser continues to evaluate numerous
domestic and international projects all of which require substantial
capital. The level of capital expenditures may be adjusted from time to
time depending on Kaiser's price outlook for primary aluminum and other
products, KACC's ability to assure future cash flow through hedging or
other means, Kaiser's financial position and other factors.
Commitments and Contingencies
Kaiser and KACC are subject to a number of environmental laws and
regulations, to fines or penalties assessed for alleged breaches of the
environmental laws and regulations, and to claims and litigation based upon
such laws. KACC currently is subject to a number of lawsuits and, along
with certain other entities, has been named as a potentially responsible
party for remedial costs at certain third-party sites listed on the
National Priorities List under CERCLA. Based on Kaiser's evaluation of
these and other environmental matters, Kaiser has established environmental
accruals of $50.7 million at December 31, 1998.
KACC is also a defendant in a number of lawsuits in which the
plaintiffs allege that certain of their injuries were caused by, among
other things, exposure to asbestos during, and as a result of, their
employment or association with KACC or exposure to products containing
asbestos produced or sold by KACC. At December 31, 1998, Kaiser has an
accrual of $186.2 million for estimated asbestos-related costs for claims
filed and estimated to be filed and settled through 2008, before
consideration of insurance recoveries. At December 31, 1998, an estimated
aggregate insurance recovery of $152.2 million, determined on the same
basis as the asbestos-related cost accrual, is recorded primarily in other
assets. Although Kaiser has settled asbestos-related coverage matters with
certain of its insurance carriers, other carriers have not yet agreed to
settlements. The timing and amount of future recoveries from these
carriers will depend on the pace of claims review and processing by such
carriers and on the resolution of any disputes regarding coverage under
such policies that may arise.
While uncertainties are inherent in the final outcome of these
matters and it is presently impossible to determine the actual costs that
ultimately may be incurred and insurance recoveries that ultimately may be
received, Kaiser believes that the resolution of these matters should not
have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position,
results of operations, or liquidity. See Note 12 to the Consolidated
Financial Statements regarding these contingencies.
In connection with the USWA strike and subsequent "lock-out" by
KACC, certain allegations of ULPs have been filed with the National Relations
Labor Board by the USWA and its members. KACC has responded to all such
allegations and believes that they are without merit. If the allegations
were sustained, KACC could be required to make locked-out employees whole
for back wages from the date of lock-out in January 1999. While
uncertainties are inherent in the final outcome of such matters, the Company
believes that the resolution of the alleged ULPs should not result in a
material adverse impact on its financial position, results of operations,
or liquidity.
FOREST PRODUCTS OPERATIONS
Financing Activities and Liquidity
On July 20, 1998, Scotia LLC, issued $867.2 million aggregate
principal amount of Timber Notes. Proceeds from the offering of the
Timber Notes were used primarily to prepay Scotia Pacific's 7.95% Timber
Collateralized Notes due 2015 (the "OLD TIMBER NOTES") and to redeem the
10-1/2% Pacific Lumber Senior Notes due 2003 (the "PACIFIC LUMBER SENIOR
NOTES") and the MGI Notes effective August 19, 1998. In addition to
principal payments, proceeds from the issuance of the Timber Notes were
used to pay redemption premiums and financing costs, and provided $25
million for timberland acquisitions. The Company recognized an
extraordinary loss of $42.5 million, net of related income tax benefit of
$22.9 million, for the early extinguishment of the Old Timber Notes,
Pacific Lumber Senior Notes and the MGI Notes.
As of December 31, 1998, MGI and its subsidiaries had
consolidated working capital of $158.8 million and long-term debt of $860.2
million (net of current maturities) as compared to $161.7 million and
$734.4 million, respectively, at December 31, 1997. The increase in long-
term debt was primarily due to issuance of the Timber Notes, offset by the
payment of the Old Timber Notes and the redemption of the Pacific Lumber
Senior Notes and MGI Notes.
Substantially all of MGI's consolidated assets are owned by
Pacific Lumber, and a significant portion of Pacific Lumber's consolidated
assets are owned by Scotia LLC. Moreover, Pacific Lumber is dependent upon
Scotia LLC for the substantial portion of its log requirements. The
holders of the Timber Notes ($867.2 million outstanding as of December 31,
1998) have priority over the claims of creditors of Pacific Lumber with
respect to the assets and cash flows of Scotia LLC. In the event Scotia
LLC's cash flows are not sufficient to generate distributable funds to
Pacific Lumber, Pacific Lumber would effectively be precluded from
distributing funds to MGI. MGI is dependent upon its existing cash
resources and dividends from Pacific Lumber and Britt to meet its financial
obligations as they become due. MGI does not expect to receive a
significant amount of cash dividends from Pacific Lumber for the next
several years; however, subject to the conditions of the Escrow Agreement,
MGI may receive a portion of the proceeds from the sale of the Headwaters
Timberlands.
The indenture governing the Timber Notes (the "TIMBER NOTES
INDENTURE") contains various covenants which, among other things, limit the
ability to incur additional indebtedness and liens, to engage in
transactions with affiliates, to pay dividends and to make investments.
Under the terms of the Timber Notes Indenture, Scotia LLC will generally
have available cash for distribution to Pacific Lumber when Scotia LLC's
cash flows from operations exceed the amounts required by the Timber Notes
Indenture to be reserved for the payment of current debt service (including
interest, principal and premiums) on the Timber Notes, capital expenditures
and certain other operating expenses.
On December 18, 1998, Pacific Lumber's revolving credit agreement
(the "PACIFIC LUMBER CREDIT AGREEMENT") was amended and restated as a new
three-year credit facility. The new facility allows borrowings of up to
$60 million, all of which may be used for revolving borrowings, $20 million
of which may be used for standby letters of credit and $30 million of which
may be used for timberland acquisitions. Borrowings are secured by all of
Pacific Lumber's domestic accounts receivable and inventory. Borrowings
for timberland acquisitions are also secured by the acquired timberlands
and, commencing in April 2001, are to be repaid annually from 50% of
Pacific Lumber's excess cash flow (as defined). The remaining excess cash
flow is available for dividends. The Pacific Lumber Credit Agreement also
contains various covenants which, among other things, limit the ability to
incur additional indebtedness and liens, to engage in transactions with
affiliates, and to make investments. Upon maturity of the facility, all
borrowings used for timberland acquisition will convert to a term loan
repayable over four years. As of December 31, 1998, $27.5 million of
borrowings was available under the agreement, no borrowings were
outstanding and letters of credit outstanding amounted to $14.4 million.
The MGHI Indenture contains covenants which generally limit
dividends from MGI to MGHI to the greater of $18.7 million per year or,
on a cumulative basis since September 30, 1996, to MGI's consolidated net
income plus consolidated depreciation and depletion.
Dividends paid were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DIVIDENDS PAID FOR
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
------------ ------------ ------------
(IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Scotia LLC $ 532.8 $ 60.8 $ 76.9
============ ============ ============
Pacific Lumber $ 270.0 $ 23.0 $ 20.5
Britt 6.0 4.0 6.0
------------ ------------ ------------
$ 276.0 $ 27.0 $ 26.5
============ ============ ============
MGI $ 18.7 $ 3.0 $ 3.9
============ ============ ============
</TABLE>
Upon the retirement of the Old Timber Notes and the issuance of
the new Timber Notes, $526.1 million, $263.0 million and $14.7 million cash
dividends were paid by Scotia LLC, Pacific Lumber and MGI, respectively.
The Escrowed Funds of approximately $285.0 million are to be
made available as necessary to support the Timber Notes. Under the Escrow
Agreement, the Escrowed Funds will be released by the Escrow Agent only in
accordance with resolutions duly adopted by the Board of Managers of Scotia
LLC and, unless the resolutions authorize the payment of funds exclusively
to, or to the order of, the Trustee or the Collateral Agent under the
Timber Notes Indenture, only if one or more of the following conditions are
satisfied: (a) the resolutions authorizing the release of the Escrowed
Funds are adopted by a majority of the Board of Managers of Scotia LLC
(including the affirmative vote of the two independent managers); (b) a
Rating Agency Confirmation (as defined in the Timber Notes Indenture) has
been received that gives effect to the release or disposition of funds
directed by the resolutions; or (c) Scotia LLC has received an opinion from
a nationally recognized investment banking firm to the effect that, based
on the revised harvest schedule and the other assumptions provided to such
firm, the funds that would be available to Scotia LLC based on such harvest
schedule, assumptions and otherwise under the Timber Notes Indenture after
giving effect to the release or disposition of funds directed by such
resolutions would be adequate (i) to pay Scheduled Amortization (as defined
in the Timber Notes Indenture) on the Class A-1 and Class A-2 Timber Notes
and (ii) to amortize the Class A-3 Timber Notes on a schedule consistent
with the original harvest schedule as of July 9, 1998 (assuming that the
Class A-3 Timber Notes are not refinanced on January 20, 2014).
MGI and its subsidiaries anticipate that existing cash, cash
equivalents, marketable securities and available sources of financing will
be sufficient to fund their working capital and capital expenditure
requirements for the next year. With respect to their long-term liquidity,
dividends from Scotia LLC to Pacific Lumber will be limited for at least the
next two to three years, and therefore, absent any release to Pacific Lumber
of the Escrowed Funds, Pacific Lumber will not have adequate funds to support
all of its working capital and capital expenditure requirements, and it will
require contributions from MGI to meet any deficiencies. Although MGI and
its subsidiaries (and in turn MGHI) believe that their existing cash and
cash equivalents should provide sufficient funds to meet the working
capital and capital expenditure requirements until such time as Pacific
Lumber has adequate cash flows from operations, dividends from Scotia LLC
and/or funds released from the Escrowed Funds, there can be no assurance
that this will be the case. Furthermore, due to its highly leveraged
condition, MGI is more sensitive than less leveraged companies to factors
affecting its operations, including governmental regulation and litigation
affecting its timber harvesting practices (see Note 12 to the Consolidated
Financial Statements), increased competition from other lumber producers or
alternative building products and general economic conditions.
Investing Activities
Recent capital expenditures were made to improve production
efficiency, reduce operating costs and acquire additional timberlands.
MGI's consolidated capital expenditures were $22.0 million, $22.9 million
and $15.2 million for the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996,
respectively. Capital expenditures, excluding expenditures for
timberlands, are estimated to be between $10.0 million and $12.0 million
per year for the 1999 - 2001 period. Included in the 1998 capital
expenditures of $22.0 million is $12.4 million for timberland acquisitions.
From January 1, 1999 through February 28, 1999, Scotia LLC acquired
additional timberlands for $10.6 million using funds from an amount held
for such acquisitions in an account by the trustee under the Timber Notes
Indenture. Pacific Lumber and Scotia LLC may purchase additional
timberlands from time to time as appropriate opportunities arise, and such
purchases could exceed historical levels.
REAL ESTATE AND RACING OPERATIONS
Financing Activities and Liquidity
As of December 31, 1998, the Company's real estate and other
subsidiaries had approximately $12.9 million available for use under a
$14.0 million revolving credit facility with a bank. There were no
outstanding borrowings, and letters of credit outstanding amounted to $1.1
million.
In 1997, Palmas entered into a loan agreement, the proceeds of
which are being used to construct an additional golf course, a new club
house and related facilities. As of December 31, 1998, Palmas had drawn on
$6.0 million of the loan.
At December 31, 1998, SHRP, Ltd. had cash and cash equivalents of
$3.8 million and a line of credit from its partners of $1.7 million,
substantially all of which is the Company's portion. SHRP, Ltd. projects
cash flows from operations for the next two years; however, such cash flows
would not be adequate to pay accrued interest on its debt. Such interest
may be deferred until 2001. In the event that the existing cash resources
of SHRP, Ltd. and the line of credit are inadequate to support the cash
flow requirements of SHRP, Ltd., alternative sources of funding will be
necessary.
The Company believes that the existing cash and credit facilities
of its real estate and other subsidiaries are sufficient to fund the
working capital and capital expenditure requirements of such subsidiaries
for the next year. With respect to the long-term liquidity of such
subsidiaries, the Company believes that their ability to generate cash from
the sale of their existing real estate, together with their ability to
obtain financing, should provide sufficient funds to meet their working
capital and capital expenditure requirements.
Investing Activities
Capital expenditures were $23.2 million, $22.3 million and $10.7
million for the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively.
Capital expenditures are expected to be approximately $8.0 million in 1999.
Capital expenditures in 1998 and 1997 include expenditures for the
construction of a golf course at the Company's Palmas del Mar resort.
TRENDS
Forest Products Operations
The Company's forest products operations are conducted by Pacific
Lumber and Britt. Pacific Lumber's operations are subject to a variety of
California and federal laws and regulations dealing with timber harvesting,
threatened and endangered species and habitat for such species, air and
water quality, and restrictions imposed by the Final HCP. Moreover, these
laws and regulations are modified from time to time and are subject to
judicial and administrative interpretation. Compliance with such laws,
regulations and judicial and administrative interpretations, and related
litigation have increased the cost of logging operations. There can be no
assurance that certain pending regulatory and environmental matters or
future governmental regulations, legislation or judicial or administrative
decisions, or adverse weather conditions, would not have a material adverse
effect on the Company's financial position, results of operations or
liquidity. See Part I. Item 3. "Legal Proceedings" and Note 12 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding
regulatory and legal proceedings affecting the Company's operations.
YEAR 2000
The Company utilizes software and related technologies throughout
its business that will be affected by the date change to the year 2000.
There may also be technology embedded in certain of the equipment owned or
used by the Company that is susceptible to the year 2000 date change as
well. Each of the Company's segments have implemented programs to assess
the impact of the year 2000 date change. Year 2000 progress and readiness
has also been the subject of the Company's normal, recurring internal audit
function.
Kaiser has implemented a company-wide program to coordinate the
year 2000 efforts of its individual business units and to track their
progress. The intent of the program is to make sure that critical items
are identified on a sufficiently timely basis to assure that the necessary
resources can be committed to address any material risk areas that could
prevent its systems and assets from being able to meet Kaiser's business
needs and objectives. Each of Kaiser's business units has developed, or
is completing, year 2000 plans specifically tailored to their individual
situations. A wide range of solutions are being implemented, including
modifying existing systems and, in limited cases where it is cost
effective, purchasing new systems. Spending related to these projects,
which began in 1997 and is expected to continue through 1999, is currently
estimated to be in the $10-15 million range. System modification costs are
being expensed as incurred. Costs associated with new systems are being
capitalized and will be amortized over the life of the product. Kaiser has
established an internal goal of having all necessary system changes in
place and tested by mid-year 1999. Kaiser plans to commit the necessary
resources to meet this deadline.
In addition to addressing Kaiser's internal systems, its company-
wide program involves identification of key suppliers, customers, and other
third party relationships that could be impacted by year 2000 issues. A
general survey has been conducted of Kaiser's supplier base. Direct
contact has been made, or is in progress, with parties which are deemed to
be critical including financial institutions, power suppliers and
customers, with which Kaiser has a material relationship.
Each business unit, including the corporate group, is developing
a contingency plan covering the steps that would be taken if a year 2000
problem were to occur despite Kaiser's best efforts to identify and remedy
all critical at-risk items. Each contingency plan will address, among
other things, matters such as alternative suppliers for critical inputs,
incremental standby labor requirements at the millennium to address any
problems as they occur, and backup processing capabilities for critical
equipment or processes. The goal of the contingency plans will be to
minimize any business interruptions and the associated financial
implications.
MGI has established a team to address the potential impacts of
the year 2000 on each of its critical business functions. The team has
substantially completed its assessment of MGI's critical information
technology and embedded technology, including its geographic information
system and the equipment and systems used in operating its sawmills and
cogeneration plant, and is now in the process of making the required
modifications for these systems to be year 2000 compliant. The
modification costs are expected to be immaterial, costing less than
$100,000, and are expected to be completed by mid-year 1999. In most cases
testing of the modifications will also be completed by such time. System
modification costs are being expensed as incurred. Costs associated with
new systems are being capitalized and will be amortized over the life of
the product.
In addition to addressing MGI's internal systems, the team is in
the process of identifying key vendors that could be impacted by year 2000
issues and surveys are being conducted regarding their compliance effort.
Management expects to evaluate the responses to the surveys over the next
several months and will make direct contact with parties which are deemed
to be critical. These inquiries are being made by MGI's own staff, and the
costs associated with this program are expected to be minimal.
The Company's real estate segment has completed the process of
evaluating its information technology systems, and has substantially
completed the modifications to make these systems compliant at the end of
1998. The costs are not material. Other assets with embedded technology
are not significant to the business operations of this segment. Several
financial institutions provide various services to this segment which are
critical to its business operations, and inquiries as to the status of
their year 2000 compliance evaluations are in the process of being
conducted.
SHRP, Ltd. is currently in the process of assessing both its
information technology systems and its embedded technology in order to
determine that they are, or will be, year 2000 compliant. Management has
already determined that its financial data processing hardware and software
are compliant and is presently working with certain key third parties and
support groups of its embedded technology to ensure that they are taking
appropriate measures to assure compliance. SHRP, Ltd. believes that the
total cost to make these systems year 2000 compliant will not exceed
$100,000. The most significant area still being evaluated pertains to
certain key third parties, in particular, the firm that provides its
totalizator services (computerized wagering system) to it and others
in the horse racing industry. These data processing services are
required in order for SHRP, Ltd. to conduct pari-mutuel wagering in
the state of Texas. Management, as well as the thoroughbred racing
industry's association, has received assurances that such systems will
be compliant by the second quarter of 1999. Management is evaluating
other third party providers of these and other services and equipment
in the event that any such vendors can not provide assurance of year 2000
compatibility in sufficient time to effect a change.
While the Company believes that its program is sufficient to
identify the critical issues and associated costs necessary to address
possible year 2000 problems in a timely manner, there can be no assurance
that the program, or underlying steps implemented, will be successful in
resolving all such issues prior to the year 2000. If the steps taken by
the Company (or critical third parties) are not made in a timely manner, or
are not successful in identifying and remedying all significant year 2000
issues, business interruptions or delays could occur and could have a
material adverse impact on the Company's results and financial condition.
However, based on the information the Company has gathered to date and its
expectations of its ability to remedy problems encountered, the Company
believes that it will not experience significant business interruptions
that would have a material impact on its results or financial condition.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 130, "Reporting
Comprehensive Income" ("SFAS NO. 130") was adopted by the Company as of
January 1, 1998. SFAS No. 130 requires the presentation of an additional
income measure (termed "comprehensive income") which adjusts traditional
net income for certain items that previously were only reflected as direct
charges to equity (such as minimum pension liabilities). Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities" ("SFAS NO. 133"), issued in June 1998,
requires companies to recognize all derivative instruments as assets or
liabilities in the balance sheet and to measure those instruments at fair
value. SFAS No. 133 must be adopted by the Company no later than January
1, 2000, although earlier application is permitted. The Company is
currently evaluating how and when to implement SFAS No. 133.
During the three year period ended December 31, 1998, the amount
of the Company's comprehensive income adjustments was insignificant, so
there is not a significant difference between "traditional" net income and
comprehensive income. However, differences between comprehensive income
and traditional net income may become significant in future periods as a
result of SFAS No. 133. As discussed more fully in Note 13, the intent of
Kaiser's hedging programs is to "lock-in" a price (or range of prices) for
products sold or used so that earnings and cash flows are subject to
reduced risk of volatility. Under SFAS No. 133, the Company will be
required to "mark-to-market" its hedging positions at the end of each
period in advance of the period of recognition for the transaction to which
the hedge relates. Pursuant to SFAS No. 130, the Company will reflect
changes in the fair value of its open hedging positions as an increase or
reduction in stockholders' equity through comprehensive income. Under SFAS
No. 130, the impact of the changes in the fair value of financial
instruments will be reversed from comprehensive income (net of any
fluctuations in other "open" positions) and will be reflected in
traditional net income upon occurrence of the transaction to which the
hedge relates.
The combined impact of implementing SFAS No. 130 and SFAS No. 133
will result in fluctuations in comprehensive income and stockholders'
equity in periods of price volatility, despite the fact that the Company's
cash flow and earnings will be "fixed" to the extent hedged. The amount of
such fluctuations could be significant.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
This section contains statements which constitute "forward-
looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation
Reform Act of 1995. See Item 1. "Business--General" for cautionary
information with respect to such forward-looking statements.
As discussed more fully in Notes 1 and 13 of the Consolidated
Financial Statements, KACC utilizes hedging transactions to lock-in a
specified price or range of prices for certain products which it sells or
consumes and to mitigate KACC's exposure to changes in foreign currency
exchange rates. The following sets forth the impact on future earnings of
adverse market changes related to KACC's hedging positions with respect to
commodity and foreign exchange contracts described more fully in Note 13 of
the Consolidated Financial Statements. The impact of market changes on
energy derivative activities is generally not significant.
Aluminum and Primary Aluminum
Alumina and primary aluminum production in excess of internal
requirements is sold in domestic and international markets, exposing
Kaiser to commodity price risks. KACC's hedging transactions are intended
to provide price risk management in respect of the net exposure of earnings
resulting from (i) anticipated sales of alumina, primary aluminum and
fabricated aluminum products, less (ii) expected purchases of certain items,
such as aluminum scrap, rolling ingot, and bauxite, whose prices fluctuate
with the price of primary aluminum. On average, before consideration of
hedging activities, any fixed price contracts with fabricated aluminum
products customers, variation in production and shipment levels, and timing
issues related to price changes, Kaiser estimates that each $.01 increase
(decrease) in the market price per price equivalent pound of primary
aluminum increases (decreases) Kaiser's annual pre-tax earnings by
approximately $15 million.
Based on the December 31, 1998 London Metal Exchange cash price
for primary aluminum of approximately $.56 per pound, Kaiser estimates that
it would realize approximately $100 million of net aggregate pre-tax
benefits from its hedging positions and fixed price customer contracts
during 1999 and 2000. Kaiser also estimates that a hypothetical $.10 per
pound decrease from the above stated year end 1998 price level would result
in additional net aggregate pre-tax benefits of approximately $150 million
being realized during 1999 and 2000 related to KACC's hedging positions and
fixed price customer contracts. Both amounts are versus what Kaiser's
results would have been without the derivative commodity contracts and
fixed price customer contracts discussed above. Conversely, Kaiser
estimates that a hypothetical $.10 per pound increase from the above stated
year-end 1998 price would result in a net aggregate reduction to pre-tax
earnings of approximately $20.0 million being realized during 1999 and 2000
related to KACC's hedging positions and fixed price customer contracts.
It should be noted, however, that since the hedging positions and fixed price
customer contracts lock-in a specified price or range of prices, may increase
or decrease in earnings attributable to KACC's hedging positions or fixed
price customer contracts would be significantly offset by a decrease or
increase in the value of the hedged transactions.
The foregoing estimated earnings impact on 2000 excludes the
possible effect on pre-tax income of SFAS No. 133, which must be adopted by
Kaiser as of January 1, 2000. The foregoing estimate of a hypothetical
$.10 per pound increase in primary aluminum prices on KACC's hedging
positions and fixed price customer contracts excludes the cash impact of
possible margin deposit requirements. Kaiser estimates that KACC's cash
exposure related to margin deposit requirements on such positions, if such
a hypothetical price increase were to occur, would not have a material
adverse impact on Kaiser's current liquidity or financial position.
Foreign Currency
KACC enters into forward exchange contracts to hedge material
cash commitments for foreign currencies. KACC's primary foreign exchange
exposure is related to KACC's Australian Dollar (A$) commitments in respect
of activities associated with its 28.3%-owned affiliate, QAL. Kaiser
estimates that, before consideration of any hedging activities, a US $0.01
increase (decrease) in the value of the A$ results in an approximate $1
million to $2 million (decrease) increase in Kaiser's annual pre-tax
earnings.
At December 31, 1998, Kaiser held derivative foreign currency
contracts hedging approximately 75% and 50% of its A$ currency commitments
for 1999 and 2000, respectively. Kaiser estimates that a hypothetical 10%
reduction in the A$ exchange rate would result in Kaiser recognizing a net
aggregate pre-tax cost of approximately $10 million to $15 million during
1999 and 2000 related to KACC's foreign currency hedging positions. This
cost is versus what Kaiser's results would have been without Kaiser's
derivative foreign currency contracts. It should be noted, however, that
since the hedging positions lock-in specified rates, any increase or
decrease in earnings attributable to currency hedging instruments would
be offset by a corresponding decrease or increase in the value of the
hedged commitments.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
To MAXXAM Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of MAXXAM Inc.
(a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries as of December 31, 1998 and 1997,
and the related consolidated statements of operations, cash flows and
stockholders' deficit for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 1998. These financial statements and the schedule referred to
below are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and
schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free
of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis,
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles
used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating
the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits
provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above
present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of MAXXAM
Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 1998 and 1997, and the results of
their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the
period ended December 31, 1998, in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles.
Our audits were made for the purpose of forming an opinion on the basic
consolidated financial statements taken as a whole. The schedule listed in
Item 14(a)(2) of this Form 10-K is presented for purposes of complying with
the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and is not part of the basic
consolidated financial statements. This schedule has been subjected to the
auditing procedures applied in the audits of the basic consolidated
financial statements and, in our opinion, is fairly stated in all material
respects in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken
as a whole.
ARTHUR ANDERSEN LLP
Houston, Texas
March 1, 1999
MAXXAM INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
(IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS, EXCEPT SHARE AMOUNTS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------
1998 1997
------------ -------------
<S> <C> <C>
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 294.2 $ 164.6
Marketable securities 19.4 84.6
Receivables:
Trade, net of allowance for doubtful
accounts of $6.4 and $5.9,
respectively 184.5 255.9
Other 122.6 126.3
Inventories 587.5 629.6
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 152.4 175.1
------------ ------------
Total current assets 1,360.6 1,436.1
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated
depreciation of $921.5 and $845.6,
respectively 1,278.9 1,320.9
Timber and timberlands, net of accumulated
depletion of $178.4 and $169.2,
respectively 302.3 299.1
Investments in and advances to unconsolidated
affiliates 146.5 159.5
Deferred income taxes 555.8 479.9
Long-term receivables and other assets 431.1 418.7
------------ ------------
$ 4,075.2 $ 4,114.2
============ ============
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable $ 182.9 $ 187.3
Accrued interest 72.4 68.7
Accrued compensation and related benefits 133.7 159.3
Other accrued liabilities 180.6 174.9
Payable to affiliates 77.1 82.9
Short-term borrowings and current maturities
of long-term debt 37.0 69.0
------------ ------------
Total current liabilities 683.7 742.1
Long-term debt, less current maturities 1,971.7 1,888.0
Accrued postretirement medical benefits 704.5 730.1
Other noncurrent liabilities 604.8 586.3
------------ ------------
Total liabilities 3,964.7 3,946.5
Commitments and contingencies
Minority interests 167.3 170.6
Stockholders' deficit:
Preferred stock, $.50 par value; 12,500,000
shares authorized; Class A $.05
Non-Cumulative Participating Convertible
Preferred Stock; 669,435 shares
issued .3 .3
Common stock, $0.50 par value; 28,000,000
shares authorized; 10,063,359 shares
issued 5.0 5.0
Additional capital 222.8 222.8
Accumulated deficit (175.7) (118.5)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss - (3.3)
Treasury stock, at cost (shares held:
preferred - 845; common - 3,062,496 and
3,062,762, respectively) (109.2) (109.2)
------------ ------------
Total stockholders' deficit (56.8) (2.9)
------------ ------------
$ 4,075.2 $ 4,114.2
============ ============
<FN>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
</TABLE>
MAXXAM INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
(IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS, EXCEPT SHARE AMOUNTS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales:
Aluminum operations $ 2,256.4 $ 2,373.2 $ 2,190.5
Forest products operations 233.6 287.2 264.6
Real estate and racing operations 82.7 68.7 88.2
------------ ------------ ------------
2,572.7 2,729.1 2,543.3
------------ ------------ ------------
Costs and expenses:
Costs of sales and operations:
Aluminum operations 1,906.2 1,951.2 1,857.5
Forest products operations 155.3 162.0 148.5
Real estate and racing
operations 49.2 42.4 67.4
Selling, general and administrative
expenses 171.0 190.0 203.5
Depreciation, depletion and
amortization 120.4 127.4 135.1
Impairment of aluminum assets 45.0 - -
Restructuring of aluminum operations - 19.7 -
------------ ------------ ------------
2,447.1 2,492.7 2,412.0
------------ ------------ ------------
Operating income 125.6 236.4 131.3
Other income (expense):
Investment, interest and other income 36.3 49.7 41.1
Interest expense (201.3) (201.4) (175.5)
Amortization of deferred financing
costs (7.2) (10.2) (9.0)
------------ ------------ ------------
Income (loss) before income taxes,
minority interests
and extraordinary item (46.6) 74.5 (12.1)
Credit for income taxes 32.1 6.9 44.9
Minority interests (.2) (16.2) (9.9)
------------ ------------ ------------
Income (loss) before extraordinary item (14.7) 65.2 22.9
Extraordinary item:
Loss on early extinguishment of debt,
net of income tax benefit
of $22.9 (42.5) - -
------------ ------------ ------------
Net income (loss) $ (57.2) $ 65.2 $ 22.9
============ ============ ============
Basic earnings (loss) per common share:
Income (loss) before extraordinary
item $ (2.10) $ 7.81 $ 2.63
Extraordinary item (6.07) - -
------------ ------------ ------------
Net income (loss) $ (8.17) $ 7.81 $ 2.63
============ ============ ============
Diluted earnings (loss) per common and
common equivalent share:
Income (loss) before extraordinary
item $ (2.10) $ 7.14 $ 2.42
Extraordinary item (6.07) - -
------------ ------------ ------------
Net income (loss) $ (8.17) $ 7.14 $ 2.42
============ ============ ============
<FN>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
</TABLE>
MAXXAM INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss) $ (57.2) $ 65.2 $ 22.9
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss)
to net cash provided
by operating activities:
Depreciation, depletion and amortization 120.4 127.4 135.1
Impairment of aluminum assets 45.0 - -
Extraordinary loss on early
extinguishment of debt 42.5 - -
Restructuring of aluminum operations - 19.7 -
Minority interests .2 16.2 9.9
Amortization of deferred financing costs
and discounts on long-term debt 17.9 24.8 21.5
Equity in (earnings) loss of
unconsolidated affiliates, net of
dividends received (.5) 23.3 3.0
Net gain on sales of real estate,
mortgage loans and other assets - (7.9) (23.7)
Net gains on marketable securities (8.6) (18.1) (7.8)
Net sales (purchases) of marketable
securities 73.8 (16.2) 3.4
Increase (decrease) in cash resulting
from changes in:
Receivables 70.1 (86.1) 60.4
Inventories 38.7 .4 (30.6)
Prepaid expenses and other assets (3.5) (9.8) (33.3)
Accounts payable (4.7) (14.8) 4.8
Accrued interest 4.0 8.4 6.2
Accrued and deferred income taxes (23.9) (4.4) (46.0)
Payable to affiliates and other
liabilities (74.1) (67.5) (74.0)
Other 5.1 8.0 4.2
------------ ------------ ------------
Net cash provided by operating
activities 245.2 68.6 56.0
------------ ------------ ------------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures (122.1) (164.5) (173.1)
Investment in subsidiaries and joint ventures (10.6) (7.2) (2.4)
Restricted cash withdrawals used to acquire
timberlands 8.9 - -
Net proceeds from disposition of property and
investments 23.1 40.6 51.8
Other 2.9 (7.8) (1.4)
------------ ------------ ------------
Net cash used for investing
activities (97.8) (138.9) (125.1)
------------ ------------ ------------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt 875.5 30.1 371.8
Premium for early retirement of debt (45.5) - -
Redemptions, repurchase of and principal
payments on long-term debt (804.0) (78.4) (32.8)
Net borrowings (payments) under revolving and
short-term credit facilities 16.0 2.5 (13.8)
Restricted cash withdrawals (deposits), net 7.3 (3.7) .4
Dividends paid to Kaiser's minority preferred
stockholders - (4.2) (10.5)
Redemption of preference stock (8.7) (2.1) (5.2)
Treasury stock repurchases (35.1) (52.8) (1.8)
Incurrence of deferred financing costs (23.4) (1.8) (12.1)
Other .1 8.7 5.5
------------ ------------ ------------
Net cash provided by (used for)
financing activities (17.8) (101.7) 301.5
------------ ------------ ------------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash
equivalents 129.6 (172.0) 232.4
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 164.6 336.6 104.2
------------ ------------ ------------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 294.2 $ 164.6 $ 336.6
============ ============ ============
<FN>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
</TABLE>
MAXXAM INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT
(IN MILLION OF DOLLARS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ACCUMULATED
PREFERRED COMMON STOCK ADDI- ACCUMU- OTHER
STOCK --------------------- TIONAL LATED COMPREHENSIVE
($.50 PAR) SHARES ($.50 PAR) CAPITAL DEFICIT INCOME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------- ---------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance, December
31, 1995 $ .3 8.7 $ 5.0 $ 155.0 $ (208.5) $ (16.1)
Net income - - - - 22.9 -
Reduction of
pension
liability - - - - - 11.0
Comprehensive
income
Gain from
issuance of
Kaiser
common stock - - - .9 - -
Treasury stock
repurchases - - - - - -
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------- ------------ ---------------
Balance, December 31,
1996 .3 8.7 5.0 155.9 (185.6) (5.1)
Net income - - - - 65.2 -
Reduction of
pension
liability - - - - - 1.8
Comprehensive
income
Gain from
issuance of
Kaiser
Aluminum
Corporation
common stock
due to
PRIDES
conversion - - - 62.9 1.9 -
Gain from other
issuances
of Kaiser
Aluminum
Corporation
common stock - - - 1.1 - -
Treasury stock
repurchases - (1.7) - - - -
Gain on
settlement
of share-
holder
litigation - - - 2.9 - -
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------- ------------ --------------
Balance, December
31, 1997
.3 7.0 5.0 222.8 (118.5) (3.3)
Net loss - - - - (57.2) -
Reduction of
pension
liability - - - - - 3.3
Comprehensive
loss
Balance, December
31, 1998 $ .3 7.0 $ 5.0 $ 222.8 $ (175.7) $ -
========== ========= ========== ============ ============ ==============
<CAPTION>
TREASURY COMPREHENSIVE
STOCK TOTAL INCOME
--------------- ------------ -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Balance, December
31, 1995 $ (19.5) $ (83.8)
Net income - 22.9 $ 22.9
Reduction of
pension - 11.0 11.0
liability -------------
Comprehensive
income $ 33.9
=============
Gain from
issuance
of Kaiser
common stock - .9
Treasury stock
repurchases (1.8) (1.8)
--------------- ------------
Balance, December
31, 1996 (21.3) (50.8)
Net income - 65.2 $ 65.2
Reduction of
pension
liability - 1.8 1.8
-------------
Comprehensive
income $ 67.0
=============
Gain from
issuance
of Kaiser
Aluminum
Corporation
common stock
due to PRIDES
conversion - 64.8
Gain from other
issuances
of Kaiser
Aluminum
Corporation
common stock - 1.1
Treasury stock
repurchases (87.9) (87.9)
Gain on
settlement
of share-
holder
litigation - 2.9
-------------- ------------
Balance, December
31, 1997 (109.2) (2.9)
Net loss - (57.2)$ (57.2)
Reduction of
pension
liability - 3.3 3.3
-------------
Comprehensive
loss $ (53.9)
=============
Balance, December
31, 1998 $ (109.2) $ (56.8)
============== ============
<FN>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
</TABLE>
MAXXAM INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING
POLICIES
BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The Company
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of
MAXXAM Inc. and its majority and wholly owned subsidiaries. All references
to the "COMPANY" include MAXXAM Inc. and its majority owned and wholly
owned subsidiaries, unless otherwise indicated or the context indicates
otherwise. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Investments in affiliates (20% to 50%-owned) are accounted for utilizing
the equity method of accounting. Certain reclassifications have been made
to prior years' financial statements to be consistent with the current
year's presentation.
The Company is a holding company and, as such, conducts
substantially all of its operations through its subsidiaries. The Company
operates in four principal industries: aluminum, through its majority owned
subsidiary, Kaiser Aluminum Corporation ("KAISER," 63% owned as of December
31, 1998), an integrated aluminum producer; forest products, through MAXXAM
Group Inc. ("MGI") and MGI's wholly owned subsidiaries, principally The
Pacific Lumber Company ("PACIFIC LUMBER") and Britt Lumber Co., Inc.
("BRITT"); real estate investment and development, managed through its
wholly owned subsidiary, MAXXAM Property Company, and racing operations
through Sam Houston Race Park, Ltd. ("SHRP, LTD."), a Texas limited
partnership, in which the Company owned a 98.2% interest as of December 31,
1998. In 1998 and 1997, the Company increased its ownership in SHRP, Ltd.
to 98.2% from the 78.8% interest held during 1996. MAXXAM Group Holdings
Inc. ("MGHI") owns 100% of MGI and is a wholly owned subsidiary of the
Company.
Description of the Company's Operations
Kaiser operates in the aluminum industry through its wholly owned
principal operating subsidiary, Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation
("KACC"). KACC operates in several principal aspects of the aluminum
industry - the mining of bauxite (the major aluminum-bearing ore), the
refining of bauxite into alumina (the intermediate material), the
production of aluminum and the manufacture of fabricated and semi-
fabricated aluminum products. KACC's production levels of alumina and
primary aluminum exceed its internal processing needs, which allows it to
be a major seller of alumina and primary aluminum in domestic and
international markets. A substantial portion of the Company's consolidated
assets, liabilities, revenues, results of operations and cash flows are
attributable to Kaiser (see Note 14).
Pacific Lumber operates in several principal aspects of the
lumber industry - the growing and harvesting of redwood and Douglas-fir
timber, the milling of logs into lumber and the manufacture of lumber into
a variety of finished products. Britt manufactures redwood and cedar
fencing and decking products from small diameter logs, a substantial
portion of which are obtained from Pacific Lumber. Housing, construction
and remodeling markets are the principal markets for the Company's lumber
products.
The Company, principally through its wholly owned subsidiaries,
is also engaged in the business of residential and commercial real estate
investment and development, primarily in Puerto Rico, Arizona and
California. Racing operations are conducted through SHRP, Ltd. which owns
and operates a Class 1, pari-mutuel horse racing facility in the greater
Houston metropolitan area.
Use of Estimates and Assumptions
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles requires the use of estimates and
assumptions that affect (i) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities,
(ii) disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities known to exist as of
the date the financial statements are published, and (iii) the reported
amount of revenues and expenses recognized during each period presented.
The Company reviews all significant estimates affecting its consolidated
financial statements on a recurring basis and records the effect of any
necessary adjustments prior to their publication. Adjustments made with
respect to the use of estimates often relate to improved information not
previously available. Uncertainties with respect to such estimates and
assumptions are inherent in the preparation of the Company's consolidated
financial statements; accordingly, it is possible that the subsequent
resolution of any one of the contingent matters described in Note 12 could
differ materially from current estimates. The results of an adverse
resolution of such uncertainties could have a material effect on the
Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations or
liquidity.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid money market
instruments with original maturities of three months or less.
Marketable Securities
Marketable securities, which consist of corporate bonds and long
and short positions in corporate common stocks are carried at fair value.
The cost of the securities sold is determined using the first-in, first-out
method. Included in investment, interest and other income for each of the
three years in the period ended December 31, 1998 were: 1998 - net
unrealized holding losses of $3.8 million and net realized gains of $11.9
million; 1997 - net unrealized holding gains of $5.0 million and net
realized gains of $11.9 million; and 1996 - net unrealized holding losses
of $.8 million and net realized gains of $8.1 million.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost for
the aluminum and forest products operations inventories is primarily
determined using the last-in, first-out ("LIFO") method. Other inventories
of the aluminum operations, principally operating supplies and repair and
maintenance parts, are stated at the lower of average cost or market.
Inventory costs consist of material, labor and manufacturing overhead,
including depreciation and depletion.
Inventories consist of the following (in millions):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------
1998 1997
------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C>
Aluminum operations:
Finished fabricated products $ 112.4 $ 103.9
Primary aluminum and work in process 205.6 226.6
Bauxite and alumina 109.5 108.4
Operating supplies and repair and maintenance
parts 116.0 129.4
------------- -------------
543.5 568.3
------------- -------------
Forest products operations:
Lumber 36.0 49.7
Logs 8.0 11.6
------------- -------------
44.0 61.3
------------- -------------
$ 587.5 $ 629.6
============= =============
</TABLE>
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost, net of
accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed principally utilizing
the straight-line method at rates based upon the estimated useful lives of
the various classes of assets. The carrying value of property, plant and
equipment is assessed when events and circumstances indicate that an
impairment is present. Impairment is determined by measuring undiscounted
future cash flows. If an impairment is present, the asset is reported at
the lower of carrying value or fair value.
Timber and Timberlands
Timber and timberlands are stated at cost, net of accumulated
depletion. Depletion is computed utilizing the unit-of-production method
based upon estimates of timber values and quantities.
Deferred Financing Costs
Costs incurred to obtain financing are deferred and amortized
over the estimated term of the related borrowing.
Restricted Cash
At December 31, 1998, cash and cash equivalents includes $28.4
million, which is reserved for debt service payments on the Company's Class
A-1, Class A-2 and Class A-3 Timber Collateralized Notes due 2028 (the
"TIMBER NOTES"). At December 31, 1997, cash and cash equivalents includes
$17.8 million, which was reserved for debt service payments on the
Company's 7.95% Timber Collateralized Notes due 2015 (the "OLD TIMBER
NOTES"). Long-term receivables and other assets include restricted cash in
the amount of $17.5 million and $33.7 million at December 31, 1998 and
December 31, 1997, respectively. The restricted cash at December 31, 1998
primarily represents the amount held in an account by the trustee (the
"PREFUNDING ACCOUNT") under the indenture governing the Timber Notes (the
"TIMBER NOTES INDENTURE ") to enable Scotia Pacific Company LLC ("SCOTIA
LLC"), a limited liability company wholly owned by Pacific Lumber, to
acquire timberlands. The restricted cash at December 31, 1997 primarily
represents the amount held by the trustee in the liquidity account (the
"LIQUIDITY ACCOUNT") maintained by Scotia Pacific Holding Company ("SCOTIA
PACIFIC"), a wholly owned subsidiary of Pacific Lumber merged into Scotia
LLC, with respect to the Old Timber Notes for the benefit of holders of the
Old Timber Notes under the indenture governing the Old Timber Notes.
Also included in cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 1998
and 1997 is restricted cash of $67.7 million and $26.4 million,
respectively, held in an interest-bearing account as security for short
positions in marketable securities.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
The amounts restricted for debt service payments on the Timber
Notes held in an account by the trustee (the "PAYMENT ACCOUNT") and held in
the Prefunding Account for purchase of timberlands are invested primarily
in commercial paper and other short-term investments. The Company
mitigates its concentration of credit risk with respect to these restricted
cash deposits by purchasing only high grade investments (ratings of A1/P1
short-term or AAA/aaa long-term debt) having maturities of less than three
months. No more than 10% is invested within the same issue.
Investment, Interest and Other Income
Investment, interest and other income for the years ended
December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996 includes $12.7 million, $8.8 million, and
$3.1 million, respectively, of pre-tax charges related principally to
establishing additional litigation reserves for asbestos claims net, of
estimated insurance recoveries, pertaining to operations which were
discontinued prior to the acquisition of Kaiser by the Company in 1988.
Other income in 1998 includes $12.0 million attributable to insurance
recoveries related to certain environmental costs incurred. Also included
in investment, interest and other income are net gains from sales of real
estate of $7.1 million, $10.4 million and $25.4 million for the years ended
December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively.
Foreign Currency Translation
The Company uses the United States dollar as the functional
currency for its foreign operations.
Derivative Financial Instruments
Hedging transactions using derivative financial instruments are
primarily designed to mitigate KACC's exposure to changes in prices for
certain of the products which KACC sells and consumes and, to a lesser
extent, to mitigate KACC's exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange
rates. KACC does not utilize derivative financial instruments for trading
or other speculative purposes. KACC's derivative activities are initiated
within guidelines established by Kaiser's management and approved by KACC's
and Kaiser's boards of directors. Hedging transactions are executed
centrally on behalf of all of KACC's business segments to minimize
transactions costs, monitor consolidated net exposures and allow for
increased responsiveness to changes in market factors.
Most of KACC's hedging activities involve the use of option
contracts (which establish a maximum and/or minimum amount to be paid or
received) and forward sales contracts (which effectively fix or lock-in the
amount KACC will pay or receive). Option contracts typically require the
payment of an up-front premium in return for the right to receive the
amount (if any) by which the price at the settlement date exceeds the
strike price. Any interim fluctuations in prices prior to the settlement
date are deferred until the settlement date of the underlying hedged
transaction, at which point they are reflected in net sales or cost of
sales and operations (as applicable) together with the related premium
cost. Forward sales contracts do not require an up-front payment and are
settled by the receipt or payment of the amount by which the price at the
settlement date varies from the contract price. No accounting recognition
is accorded to interim fluctuations in prices of forward sales contracts.
KACC has established margin accounts and credit limits with
certain counterparties related to open forward sales and option contracts.
When unrealized gains or losses are in excess of such credit limits, KACC
is entitled to receive advances from the counterparties on open positions
or is required to make margin deposits to counterparties as the case may
be. At December 31, 1998, KACC had received $9.9 million of margin
advances from counterparties. At December 31, 1997, KACC had neither
received nor made any margin deposits. Kaiser considers credit risk
related to possible failure of the counterparties to perform their
obligations pursuant to the derivative contracts to be minimal. Deferred
gains or losses are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets
and other accrued liabilities. See Note 13.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts of cash equivalents and restricted cash
approximate fair value. Marketable securities are carried at fair value
which is determined based on quoted market prices. As of December 31, 1998
and 1997, the estimated fair value of long-term debt was $1,939.9 million
and $2,010.6 million, respectively. The estimated fair value of long-term
debt is determined based on the quoted market prices for the publicly
traded issues and on the current rates offered for borrowings similar to
the other debt. Some of the Company's publicly traded debt issues are
thinly traded financial instruments; accordingly, their market prices at
any balance sheet date may not be representative of the prices which would
be derived from a more active market.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company applies the "intrinsic value" method described by
Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to
Employees" and related interpretations to account for stock and stock-
based compensation awards (see Note 11). In accordance with Statement
of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-
Based Compensation," the Company calculated pro forma compensation cost for
all stock options granted using the "fair value" method. The fair value of
the stock options granted were estimated using the Black-Scholes option
pricing model. The Company's pro forma income (loss) before extraordinary
item and diluted earnings (loss) per share before extraordinary item would
have been $(17.8) million and $(2.54) per share, respectively, for the year
ended December 31, 1998, $64.0 million and $7.00 per share, respectively,
for the year ended December 31, 1997, and $22.3 million and $2.36 per
share, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 1996.
Per Share Information
Basic earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net
income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding
during the period including the weighted average impact of the shares of
common stock issued and treasury stock acquired during the year from the
date of issuance or repurchase. The weighted average common shares
outstanding was 7,000,663 shares, 8,357,062 shares and 8,700,269 shares for
the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively.
Diluted earnings (loss) per share calculations also include the
dilutive effect of the Class A Preferred Stock which is convertible into
Common Stock as well as common and preferred stock options. The weighted
average number of common and common equivalent shares was 7,812,377 shares,
9,143,920 shares and 9,465,051 shares for the years ended December 31,
1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. The impact of outstanding convertible
stock and stock options of 811,714 was excluded from the weighted average
share calculation for the year ended December 31, 1998, as its effect would
have been antidilutive.
Labor Related Costs
Kaiser is currently operating five of its United States
facilities with salaried employees and other workers as a result of the
September 30, 1998 strike by the United Steelworkers of America ("USWA")
and the subsequent "lock-out" by Kaiser in January 1999. For purposes of
computing the benefit related costs and liabilities to be reflected in the
accompanying consolidated financial statements for the year ended December
31, 1998 (such as pension and other postretirement benefit
costs/liabilities), Kaiser has based its accruals on the terms of the
previously existing (expired) USWA contract. Any differences between the
amounts accrued and the amounts ultimately agreed to during the collective
bargaining process will be reflected in future results during the term of
any new contract.
All incremental operating costs incurred as a result of the USWA
strike and subsequent lockout are being expensed as incurred. Such costs
totaled approximately $50.0 million during 1998 (approximately $40.0
million of which were incurred in the fourth quarter). Kaiser's fourth
quarter 1998 results also reflect reduced profitability of approximately
$10.0 million resulting from the strike-related curtailment of three
potlines (representing approximately 70,000 tons of annual capacity) at
Kaiser's Mead and Tacoma, Washington, smelters and certain other shipment
delays experienced at the other affected facilities at the outset of the
USWA strike.
2. ACQUISITION
During June 1997, Kaiser Bellwood Corporation, a wholly owned
subsidiary of KACC, completed the acquisition of the Reynolds Metals
Company's Richmond, Virginia, extrusion plant and its existing inventories
for a total purchase price of $41.6 million, consisting of cash payments of
$38.4 million and the assumption of approximately $3.2 million of employee
related and other liabilities. Upon completion of the transaction, Kaiser
Bellwood Corporation became a subsidiary guarantor under the indentures in
respect of the KACC 9-7/8% Senior Notes, KACC 10-7/8% Senior Notes, and
KACC 12-3/4% Senior Subordinated Notes (all as defined below).
3. RESTRUCTURING OF OPERATIONS
During the second quarter of 1997, Kaiser recorded a $19.7
million restructuring charge to reflect actions taken and plans initiated
to achieve reduced production costs, decreased corporate selling, general
and administrative expenses, and enhanced product mix. The significant
components of the restructuring charge were: (i) a net loss of
approximately $1.4 million as a result of the contribution of certain net
assets of KACC's Erie, Pennsylvania fabrication plant in connection with
the formation of AKW L.P. ("AKW")(50% owned), an aluminum wheels joint
venture formed with a third party in May 1997, and the subsequent decision
to close the remainder of the Erie plant in order to consolidate its
forging operations into two other facilities; (ii) a charge of $15.6
million associated with asset dispositions regarding product
rationalization and geographical optimization, and (iii) a charge of
approximately $2.7 million for benefit and other costs associated with the
consolidation or elimination of certain corporate and other staff
functions.
4. INVESTMENTS IN AND ADVANCES TO UNCONSOLIDATED AFFILIATES
Summary combined financial information is provided below for
unconsolidated aluminum investments, most of which supply and process raw
materials. The investees are Queensland Alumina Limited ("QAL") (28.3%
owned), Kaiser Jamaica Bauxite Company (49% owned) and Anglesey Aluminium
Limited ("ANGLESEY") (49% owned). KACC provides some of its affiliates
with services such as financing, management and engineering. Purchases
from these affiliates for the acquisition and processing of bauxite,
alumina and primary aluminum aggregated $235.1 million, $245.2 million and
$281.6 million for the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996,
respectively. KACC's equity in earnings (loss) before income taxes of such
operations is treated as a reduction (increase) in cost of sales. As of
December 31, 1998 and 1997, KACC's net receivable from these affiliates was
an immaterial amount.
Kaiser, principally through KACC, has a variety of financial
commitments, including purchase agreements, tolling arrangements, forward
foreign exchange and forward sales contracts (see Note 13), letters of
credit and guarantees. Such purchase agreements and tolling arrangements
include long-term agreements for the purchase and tolling of bauxite into
alumina in Australia by QAL. These obligations expire in 2008. Under the
agreements, KACC is unconditionally obligated to pay its proportional share
of debt, operating costs and certain other costs of QAL. The aggregate
minimum amount of required future principal payments at December 31, 1998
is $97.6 million, of which approximately $12.0 million is due in each of
2000 and 2001 with the balance being due thereafter. KACC's share of
payments, including operating costs and certain other expenses under the
agreements, has ranged between $100.0 million and $120.0 million per year
over the past three years. KACC also has agreements to supply alumina to
and to purchase aluminum from Anglesey.
The summary combined financial information for the year ended
December 31, 1998 and 1997 also contains the balances and results of AKW.
During early 1999, Kaiser signed a letter of intent to sell its interest in
AKW. See Note 17 (in millions):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------
1998 1997
------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C>
Current assets $ 356.0 $ 393.0
Long-term assets (primarily property, plant and
equipment, net) 393.9 395.0
------------- -------------
Total assets $ 749.9 $ 788.0
============= =============
Current liabilities $ 92.2 $ 117.1
Long-term liabilities (primarily long-term debt) 396.6 400.8
Stockholders' equity 261.1 270.1
------------- -------------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 749.9 $ 788.0
============= =============
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales $ 659.2 $ 644.1 $ 660.5
Costs and expenses (651.7) (637.8) (631.5)
Provision for income taxes (2.7) (8.2) (8.7)
------------ ------------ ------------
Net income (loss) $ 4.8 $ (1.9) $ 20.3
============ ============ ============
Kaiser's equity in earnings $ 5.4 $ 2.9 $ 8.8
============ ============ ============
Dividends received $ 5.5 $ 10.7 $ 11.8
============ ============ ============
</TABLE>
Kaiser's equity in earnings differs from the summary net income
(loss) due to various percentage ownerships in the entities and equity
method accounting adjustments. At December 31, 1998, Kaiser's investment
in its unconsolidated affiliates exceeded its equity in their net assets by
approximately $18.2 million which amount will be fully amortized over the
next two years. Amortization of the excess investment totaling $10.0
million, $11.4 million, and $11.6 million is included in depreciation,
depletion and amortization for the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and
1996, respectively.
Other Investees
In 1995, pursuant to a joint venture agreement with SunCor
Development Company ("SUNCOR") for the purpose of developing, managing and
selling a real estate project, the Company, through a wholly owned real
estate subsidiary, contributed 950 acres of undeveloped land valued at
$10.0 million in exchange for a 50% initial interest in the joint venture.
SunCor, the managing partner, contributed $10.0 million in cash in exchange
for its 50% initial interest. At December 31, 1998, the joint venture had
assets of $28.0 million, liabilities of $8.7 million and equity of $19.3
million. At December 31, 1997, the joint venture had assets of $32.9
million, liabilities of $10.5 million and equity of $22.4 million. For the
years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996, the joint venture had income
of $3.8 million, $3.8 million and $2.3 million, respectively.
In October 1998, pursuant to a joint agreement with Westbrook
Firerock LLC ("WESTBROOK") for the purpose of developing, managing and
selling a real estate project, the Company, through a wholly owned real
estate subsidiary, contributed 808 acres of undeveloped land having an
agreed upon value of $11.0 million in exchange for a 50% initial interest
in the joint venture. Westbrook contributed $5.5 million in cash and an
obligation to fund an additional $5.5 million as needed by the joint
venture, which is secured by an irrevocable letter of credit. At December
31, 1998, the joint venture had assets of $17.6 million, liabilities of
$1.1 million and equity of $16.5 million. For the year ended December 31,
1998, the joint venture's income was not significant.
5. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
The major classes of property, plant and equipment are as follows
(in millions):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ESTIMATED DECEMBER 31,
USEFUL --------------------------
LIVES 1998 1997
------------- ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Land and improvements 5 - 30 years $ 225.9 $ 206.1
Buildings 5 - 45 years 328.0 324.5
Machinery and equipment 3 - 22 years 1,595.8 1,568.8
Construction in progress 50.7 67.1
------------ ------------
2,200.4 2,166.5
Less: accumulated depreciation (921.5) (845.6)
------------ ------------
$ 1,278.9 $ 1,320.9
============ ============
</TABLE>
Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997
and 1996 was $97.7 million, $99.9 million and $105.9 million, respectively.
During the fourth quarter of 1998, KACC decided to seek a
strategic partner for further development and deployment of its
Micromill(TM) technology. While technological progress has been good,
management concluded that additional time and investment will be required
to achieve commercial success. Given Kaiser's other strategic priorities,
Kaiser believes that bringing in added commercial and financial resources
is the appropriate course of action for capturing the maximum long-term
value. This change in strategic course required a different accounting
treatment, and Kaiser correspondingly recorded a $45.0 million impairment
charge to reduce the carrying value of the Micromill assets to
approximately $25.0 million.
6. SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS
During 1998 and 1997, the Company had average short-term
borrowings outstanding of $18.6 million and $9.0 million, respectively,
under the debt instruments described below. The weighted average interest
rate during 1998 and 1997 was 9.1% and 9.8%, respectively.
MAXXAM Loan Agreement (the "CUSTODIAL TRUST AGREEMENT")
On October 19, 1998, the Company drew down $16.0 million, the
amount available as of such date, under the Custodial Trust Agreement which
provided for up to $25.0 million in borrowings. The borrowing converted
to a term loan bearing interest at LIBOR plus 2% per annum and maturing on
October 21, 1999 as provided under the terms of the agreement. The loan is
secured by 7,915,000 shares of Kaiser common stock.
Demand Note
On November 26, 1997, the Company entered into a credit facility
with an investment bank providing for up to $25.0 million in borrowings
payable on demand. Borrowings are secured by 400,000 shares of Kaiser
common stock for each $1.0 million of borrowings. As of December 31, 1998,
$2.5 million of borrowings were outstanding under this facility. No
additional borrowings were available under this facility as of December 31,
1998 as the per share market price for the Kaiser common stock was below
the $8.50 minimum required by the facility.
Notes to NL Industries, Inc. ("NL") and the Combined Master
Retirement Trust ("CMRT")
On May 14, 1998, the Company repaid the $35.1 million 10% one-
year notes issued to NL and CMRT in connection with the October 1997
repurchase of 1,277,250 shares of the Company's common stock.
7. LONG-TERM DEBT
Long-term debt consists of the following (in millions):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------
1998 1997
------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C>
12% MGHI Senior Secured Notes due August 1, 2003 $ 130.0 $ 130.0
11-1/4% MGI Senior Secured Notes due August 1, 2003 - 100.0
12-1/4% MGI Senior Secured Discount Notes due
August 1, 2003, - 117.3
net of discount
10-1/2% Pacific Lumber Senior Notes due March 1,
2003 - 235.0
Pacific Lumber Credit Agreement - 9.4
7.43% Scotia LLC Timber Collateralized Notes due
July 20, 2028 867.2 -
7.95% Scotia Pacific Timber Collateralized Notes
due July 20, 2015 - 320.0
1994 KACC Credit Agreement - -
10-7/8% KACC Senior Notes due October 15, 2006,
including premium 225.7 225.8
9-7/8% KACC Senior Notes due February 15, 2002, net
of discount 224.4 224.2
12-3/4% KACC Senior Subordinated Notes due February
1, 2003 400.0 400.0
Alpart CARIFA Loans 60.0 60.0
Other aluminum operations debt 52.9 61.6
Other notes and contracts, primarily secured by
receivables, buildings, real estate
and equipment 30.0 36.1
------------ ------------
1,990.2 1,919.4
Less: current maturities (18.5) (31.4)
------------ ------------
$ 1,971.7 $ 1,888.0
============ ============
</TABLE>
12% MGHI Senior Secured Notes due 2003 (the "MGHI NOTES")
The MGHI Notes due August 1, 2003 are guaranteed on a senior,
unsecured basis by the Company. The common stock of MGI serves as security
for the MGHI Notes. Interest is payable semi-annually. In connection with
the redemption of the 11-1/4% MGI Senior Secured Notes due 2003 and 12-1/4%
MGI Senior Secured Discount Notes due 2003 (collectively, the "MGI NOTES")
and the issuance of the Timber Notes (discussed below), MGHI amended the
indenture for the MGHI Notes, to among other things, pledge all of the
27,938,250 shares of Kaiser common stock it owns, 16,055,000 shares of
which were released from the pledge securing the MGI Notes.
The net proceeds from the offering of the MGHI Notes after
estimated expenses were approximately $125.0 million, all of which was
loaned to the Company pursuant to an intercompany note (the "INTERCOMPANY
NOTE") which is pledged to secure the MGHI Notes. The Intercompany Note
bears interest at the rate of 11% per annum (payable semi-annually on the
interest payment dates applicable to the MGHI Notes) and matures on August
1, 2003. The Company is entitled to defer the payment of interest on the
Intercompany Note on any interest payment date to the extent that MGHI has
sufficient available funds to satisfy its obligations on the MGHI Notes on
such date. Any such deferred interest will be added to the principal
amount of the Intercompany Note and will be payable at maturity. Interest
deferred on the Intercompany Note as of December 31, 1998 amounted to $7.8
million. An additional $7.3 million of interest was deferred on February
1, 1999.
Pacific Lumber Credit Agreement
On December 18, 1998, the Pacific Lumber Credit Agreement was
amended and restated as a new three-year senior secured credit facility
which expires on October 31, 2001. The new facility allows for borrowings
of up to $60 million, all of which may be used for revolving borrowings,
$20 million of which may be used for standby letters of credit and $30
million of which may be used for timberland acquisitions. Borrowings would
be secured by all of Pacific Lumber's domestic accounts receivable and
inventory. Borrowings for timberland acquisitions would also be secured by
the acquired timberlands and, commencing in April 2001, are to be repaid
annually from 50% of Pacific Lumber's cash flow (as defined). The
remaining excess cash flow is available for dividends. Upon maturity of
the facility, all outstanding borrowings used for timberland acquisitions
will convert to a term loan repayable over four years. As of December 31,
1998, $27.5 million of borrowings was available under the agreement, no
borrowings were outstanding and letters of credit outstanding amounted to
$14.4 million.
Scotia LLC Timber Collateralized Notes due 2028
On July 20, 1998, Scotia LLC issued $867.2 million aggregate
principal amount of Timber Notes which have an overall effective interest
rate of 7.43% per annum. Net proceeds from the offering of the Timber
Notes were used primarily to prepay the Old Timber Notes and to redeem the
10-1/2% Pacific Lumber Senior Notes due 2003 ("PACIFIC LUMBER SENIOR
NOTES") and the MGI Notes effective August 19, 1998. The Company
recognized an extraordinary loss of $42.5 million, net of the related
income tax benefit of $22.9 million, in 1998 for the early extinguishment
of the Old Timber Notes, the Pacific Lumber Senior Notes and the MGI Notes.
Concurrently with the issuance of the Timber Notes, (i) Scotia Pacific was
merged into Scotia LLC, (ii) Pacific Lumber transferred to Scotia LLC
approximately 13,500 acres of timberlands and the timber and timber
harvesting rights with respect to an additional 19,700 acres of
timberlands, and (iii) Scotia LLC transferred to Pacific Lumber the timber
and timber harvesting rights related to approximately 1,400 acres of
timberlands.
Under the Timber Notes Indenture, the business activities of
Scotia LLC are generally limited to the ownership and operation of its
timber and timberlands. The Timber Notes are senior secured obligations of
Scotia LLC and are not obligations of, or guaranteed by, Pacific Lumber or
any other person. The Timber Notes are secured by a lien on (i) Scotia
LLC's timber and timberlands (representing $252.0 million of the Company's
consolidated timber and timberlands balance at December 31, 1998), and (ii)
substantially all of Scotia LLC's other property. Interest on the Timber
Notes is further secured by a line of credit agreement between Scotia LLC
and a bank pursuant to which Scotia LLC may borrow to pay interest on the
Timber Notes. The Timber Notes Indenture permits Scotia LLC to have
outstanding up to $75.0 million of non-recourse indebtedness to acquire
additional timberlands and to issue additional timber notes provided
certain conditions are met (including repayment or redemption of the $160.7
million of Class A-1 Timber Notes).
The Timber Notes are structured to link, to the extent of cash
available, the deemed depletion of Scotia LLC's timber (through the harvest
and sale of logs) to the required amortization of the Timber Notes. The
required amount of amortization on any Timber Notes payment date is
determined by various mathematical formulas set forth in the Timber Notes
Indenture. The minimum amount of principal which Scotia LLC must pay (on a
cumulative basis and subject to available cash) through any Timber Notes
payment date in order to avoid an Event of Default is referred to as
Minimum Principal Amortization. If the Timber Notes were amortized in
accordance with Minimum Principal Amortization, the final installment of
principal would be paid on July 20, 2028. The minimum amount of principal
which Scotia LLC must pay (on a cumulative basis) through any Timber Notes
payment date in order to avoid payment of prepayment or deficiency premiums
is referred to as Scheduled Amortization. If all payments of principal are
made in accordance with Scheduled Amortization, the payment date on which
Scotia LLC will pay the final installment of principal is January 20, 2014.
Such final installment would include a single bullet principal payment of
$463.3 million related to the Class A-3 Timber Notes.
Principal and interest on the Timber Notes are payable semi-
annually on January 20 and July 20. The Timber Notes are redeemable at the
option of Scotia LLC at any time. The redemption price of the Timber Notes
is equal to the sum of the principal amount, accrued interest and a
prepayment premium calculated based upon the yield of like term Treasury
securities plus 50 basis points.
As a result of the sale of approximately 5,600 acres of Pacific
Lumber's timberlands consisting of two forest groves commonly referred to
as the Headwater Forest and Elk Head Springs Forest (the "HEADWATERS
TIMBERLANDS") on March 1, 1999, Salmon Creek received proceeds of $299.9
million in cash. See Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Salmon Creek has deposited approximately $285.0 million of such proceeds
into an escrow account (the "ESCROWED FUNDS"), pursuant to an escrow
agreement (the "ESCROW AGREEMENT") as necessary to support the Timber
Notes. The net proceeds of the sale of the Grizzly Creek grove will also
be placed in escrow (on the same basis as the net proceeds of the sale of
the Headwaters Timberlands) unless, at the time of receipt of such
proceeds, funds are no longer on deposit under the Escrow Agreement.
Under the Escrow Agreement, the Escrowed Funds will be released
by the Escrow Agent only in accordance with resolutions duly adopted by the
Board of Managers of Scotia LLC and, unless the resolutions authorize the
payment of funds exclusively to, or to the order of, the Trustee or the
Collateral Agent under the Timber Notes Indenture, only if one or more of
the following conditions are satisfied: (a) the resolutions authorizing
the release of the Escrowed Funds are adopted by a majority of the Board of
Managers of Scotia LLC (including the affirmative vote of the two
independent managers); (b) a Rating Agency Confirmation (as defined in the
Timber Notes Indenture) has been received that gives effect to the
release or disposition of funds directed by the resolutions; or (c) Scotia
LLC has received an opinion from a nationally recognized investment banking
firm to the effect that, based on the revised harvest schedule and the
other assumptions provided to such firm, the funds that would be available
to Scotia LLC based on such harvest schedule, assumptions and otherwise
under the Timber Notes Indenture after giving effect to the release or
disposition of funds directed by such resolutions would be adequate (i) to
pay Scheduled Amortization (as defined in the Timber Notes Indenture) on
the Class A-1 and Class A-2 Timber Notes and (ii) to amortize the Class A-3
Timber Notes on a schedule consistent with the original harvest schedule as
of July 9, 1998 (assuming that the Class A-3 Timber Notes are not
refinanced on January 20, 2014).
1994 KACC Credit Agreement (as amended, the "KACC CREDIT
AGREEMENT")
KACC is able to borrow under this facility through August 2001 by
means of revolving credit advances and letters of credit (up to $125.0
million) in an aggregate amount equal to the lesser of $325.0 million or a
borrowing base relating to eligible accounts receivable plus eligible
inventory. As of February 28, 1999, $274.1 million (of which $74.1 million
could have been used for letters of credit) was available under the KACC
Credit Agreement. The KACC Credit Agreement is unconditionally guaranteed
by Kaiser and by certain significant subsidiaries of KACC. Outstanding
balances bear interest at a premium (which varies based on the results of a
financial test) over either a base rate or LIBOR, at KACC's option.
The KACC Credit Agreement requires KACC to comply with certain
financial covenants and places restrictions on Kaiser's and KACC's ability
to, among other things, incur debt and liens, make investments, pay
dividends, undertake transactions with affiliates, make capital
expenditures and enter into unrelated lines of business. The KACC Credit
Agreement is secured by, among other things, (i) mortgages on KACC's major
domestic plants (excluding KACC's Gramercy alumina plant and Micromill
facility), (ii) subject to certain exceptions, liens on the accounts
receivable, inventory, equipment, domestic patents and trademarks and
substantially all other personal property of KACC and certain of its
subsidiaries, (iii) a pledge of all of the stock of KACC owned by Kaiser,
and (iv) pledges of all of the stock of a number of KACC's wholly owned
domestic subsidiaries, pledges of a portion of the stock of certain foreign
subsidiaries and pledges of a portion of the stock of certain partially
owned foreign affiliates.
10-7/8 % KACC Senior Notes due 2006 (the "KACC 10-7/8 % SENIOR
NOTES"),
9-7/8 % KACC Senior Notes due 2002 (the "KACC 9-7/8 % SENIOR
NOTES") and
12-3/4 % KACC Senior Subordinated Notes due 2003 (the "KACC
SENIOR SUBORDINATED NOTES" and collectively, the "KACC
NOTES")
The KACC Notes, are guaranteed, jointly and severally, by certain
subsidiaries of KACC. The indentures governing the KACC Notes, (the "KACC
INDENTURES") restrict, among other things, KACC's ability to incur debt,
undertake transactions with affiliates, and pay dividends. Furthermore,
the KACC Indentures provide that KACC must offer to purchase the KACC Notes
upon the occurrence of a Change of Control (as defined therein). Under the
most restrictive of the covenants in the KACC Indentures and the KACC
Credit Agreement, neither Kaiser nor KACC currently is permitted to pay
dividends on their common stock.
Alpart CARIFA Loans
In December 1991, Alumina Partners of Jamaica ("ALPART", a
majority owned subsidiary of KACC) entered into a loan agreement with the
Caribbean Basin Projects Financing Authority ("CARIFA"). Alpart's
obligations under the loan agreement are secured by two letters of credit
aggregating $64.2 million. KACC is a party to one of the two letters of
credit in the amount of $41.7 million in respect of its ownership interest
in Alpart. Alpart has also agreed to indemnify bondholders of CARIFA for
certain tax payments that could result from events, as defined, that
adversely affect the tax treatment of the interest income on the bonds.
Maturities
Scheduled maturities and redemptions of long-term debt
outstanding at December 31, 1998 are as follows (in millions):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDING DECEMBER 31,
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Thereafter
------------ ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
12% MGHI Senior Secured
Notes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 130.0 $ -
7.43% Scotia LLC Timber
Collateralized Notes 8.2 15.9 16.3 17.1 19.3 790.4
10-7/8% KACC Senior Notes - - - - - 225.7
9-7/8% KACC Senior Notes - - - 224.4 - -
12-3/4% KACC Senior
Subordinated Notes - - - - 400.0 -
Alpart CARIFA Loans - - - - - 60.0
Other aluminum operations
debt 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 51.3
Other 9.9 3.8 3.6 1.2 1.1 10.4
------------ ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
$ 18.5 $ 20.0 $ 20.2 $ 243.0 $ 550.7 $ 1,137.8
============ ============= ============= ============= ============= =============
</TABLE>
Capitalized Interest
Interest capitalized during the years ended December 31, 1998,
1997 and 1996 was $3.5 million, $7.2 million and $5.0 million,
respectively.
Restricted Net Assets of Subsidiaries and Pledges of Subsidiary
Stock
Certain debt instruments restrict the ability of the Company's
subsidiaries to transfer assets, make loans and advances and pay dividends
to the Company. As of December 31, 1998, all of the assets relating to the
Company's aluminum, forest products, real estate and other operations are
subject to such restrictions. The Company could eliminate all of such
restrictions with respect to approximately $194.6 million of the Company's
real estate assets with the extinguishment of $27.4 million of debt. The
Company and MGHI have pledged a total of 36,853,250 shares of Kaiser common
stock (representing a 47% interest in Kaiser) under various indentures and
loan agreements.
8. INCOME TAXES
Income taxes are determined using an asset and liability approach
which requires the recognition of deferred income tax assets and
liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have
been recognized in the Company's financial statements or tax returns.
Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are
determined based on the temporary differences between the financial
statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates.
Income (loss) before income taxes, minority interests and
extraordinary item by geographic area is as follows (in millions):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Domestic $ (118.7) $ (93.0) $ (55.0)
Foreign 72.1 167.5 42.9
------------ ------------ ------------
$ (46.6) $ 74.5 $ (12.1)
============ ============ ============
</TABLE>
Income taxes are classified as either domestic or foreign based
on whether payment is made or due to the United States or a foreign
country. Certain income classified as foreign is subject to domestic
income taxes.
The credit (provision) for income taxes on income (loss) before
income taxes, minority interests and extraordinary item consists of the
following (in millions):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Current:
Federal $ (1.8) $ (1.5) $ (1.5)
State and local (.4) (.4) (.5)
Foreign (16.5) (28.7) (21.8)
------------ ------------ ------------
(18.7) (30.6) (23.8)
------------ ------------ ------------
Deferred:
Federal 54.9 48.4 42.6
State and local 8.4 (3.9) 18.5
Foreign (12.5) (7.0) 7.6
------------ ------------ ------------
50.8 37.5 68.7
------------ ------------ ------------
$ 32.1 $ 6.9 $ 44.9
============ ============ ============
</TABLE>
A reconciliation between the credit for income taxes and the
amount computed by applying the federal statutory income tax rate to income
(loss) before income taxes, minority interests and extraordinary item is as
follows (in millions):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Income (loss) before income taxes, minority
interests
and extraordinary item $ (46.6) $ 74.5 $ (12.1)
============ ============ ============
Amount of federal income tax credit
(provision) based upon the
statutory rate $ 16.3 $ (26.1) $ 4.2
Revision of prior years' tax estimates and
other changes in valuation allowances 14.5 33.8 41.2
Percentage depletion 3.2 4.2 3.9
Foreign taxes, net of federal tax benefit (1.9) (3.1) (5.5)
State and local taxes, net of federal tax
effect (.6) (2.8) 1.1
Other .6 .9 -
------------ ------------ ------------
$ 32.1 $ 6.9 $ 44.9
============ ============ ============
</TABLE>
The revision of prior years' tax estimates and other changes in
valuation allowances, as shown in the table above, includes amounts for the
reversal of reserves which the Company no longer believes are necessary,
other revisions in prior years' tax estimates and changes in valuation
allowances with respect to deferred income tax assets. Generally, the
reversal of reserves relates to the expiration of the relevant statute of
limitations with respect to certain income tax returns or the resolution of
specific income tax matters with the relevant tax authorities. For the
years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996, the reversal of reserves
which the Company believes are no longer necessary resulted in a credit to
the income tax provision of $11.5 million, $32.1 million and $40.8 million,
respectively.
The components of the Company's net deferred income tax assets
(liabilities) are as follows (in millions):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------
1998 1997
------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C>
Deferred income tax assets:
Postretirement benefits other than pensions $ 284.0 $ 293.1
Loss and credit carryforwards 199.1 148.3
Other liabilities 174.6 219.6
Costs capitalized only for tax purposes 62.8 45.2
Real estate 41.8 48.1
Timber and timberlands 37.4 34.2
Other 89.0 82.5
Valuation allowances (123.1) (126.4)
------------ ------------
Total deferred income tax assets, net 765.6 744.6
------------ ------------
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Property, plant and equipment (116.0) (145.6)
Other (84.8) (95.1)
------------ ------------
Total deferred income tax liabilities (200.8) (240.7)
------------ ------------
Net deferred income tax assets $ 564.8 $ 503.9
============ ============
</TABLE>
As of December 31, 1998, approximately $378.2 million of the net
deferred income tax assets listed above are attributable to Kaiser. A
principal component of this amount is the $249.6 million tax benefit, net
of certain valuation allowances, associated with the accrual for
postretirement benefits other than pensions. The future tax deductions
with respect to the turnaround of this accrual will occur over a thirty to
forty-year period. If such deductions create or increase a net operating
loss, Kaiser has the ability to carry forward such loss for 20 taxable
years. For reasons discussed below, the Company believes a long-term view
of profitability is appropriate and has concluded that this net deferred
income tax asset will more likely than not be realized. Included in the
remaining $128.6 million of Kaiser's net deferred income tax assets is
approximately $55.0 million attributable to the tax benefit of loss and
credit carryforwards, net of valuation allowances. A substantial portion
of the valuation allowances for Kaiser relate to loss and credit
carryforwards. The Company evaluated all appropriate factors to determine
the proper valuation allowances for these carryforwards, including any
limitations concerning their use, the year the carryforwards expire and the
levels of taxable income necessary for utilization. For example, full
valuation allowances were provided for certain credit carryforwards that
expire in the near term. With regard to future levels of income, the
Company believes that Kaiser, based on the cyclical nature of its business,
its history of operating earnings and its expectations for future years,
will more likely than not generate sufficient taxable income to realize the
benefit attributable to the loss and credit carryforwards for which
valuation allowances were not provided.
The net deferred income tax assets listed above which are not
attributable to Kaiser are approximately $186.6 million as of December
31, 1998. This amount includes approximately $100.8 million attributable
to the tax benefit of loss and credit carryforwards, net of valuation
allowances. Based on an evaluation of the appropriate factors, as discussed
above, to determine the proper valuation allowances for these carryforwards,
the Company believes that it is more likely than not that it will realize
the benefit for these carryforwards for which valuation allowances were not
provided. Also included is approximately $70.3 million which relates to the
excess of the tax basis over financial statement basis with respect to
timber and timberlands and real estate. The Company has concluded that
it is more likely than not that these net deferred income tax assets will
be realized based in part upon the estimated values of the underlying assets
which are in excess of their tax basis.
As of December 31, 1998 and 1997, $56.6 million and $58.8
million, respectively, of the net deferred income tax assets listed above
are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets. Certain other
portions of the deferred income tax liabilities listed above are included
in other accrued liabilities and other noncurrent liabilities.
The Company files consolidated federal income tax returns
together with its domestic subsidiaries, other than Kaiser and its
subsidiaries. Kaiser and its domestic subsidiaries are members of a
separate consolidated return group which files its own consolidated federal
income tax returns.
The following table presents the tax attributes for federal
income tax purposes at December 31, 1998 attributable to the Company and
Kaiser (in millions). The utilization of certain of these tax attributes
is subject to limitations.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
THE COMPANY KAISER
-------------------------- ---------------------------
EXPIRING EXPIRING
THROUGH THROUGH
------------ -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Regular Tax Attribute Carryforwards:
Current year net operating loss $ 160.3 2018 $ - -
Prior year net operating losses 106.6 2012 28.2 2012
General business tax credits .5 2002 4.9 2011
Foreign tax credits - - 48.4 2003
Alternative minimum tax credits 1.8 Indefinite 23.4 Indefinite
Alternative Minimum Tax Attribute
Carryforwards:
Current year net operating loss $ 165.4 2018 $ - -
Prior year net operating losses 118.1 2012 6.2 2011
Foreign tax credits - - 87.2 2003
</TABLE>
The income tax provisions related to other comprehensive income
were $0.6 million and $6.5 million for the years ended December 31, 1997
and 1996, respectively. There was no tax provision related to other
comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 1998.
9. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT AND INCENTIVE PLANS
In the fourth quarter of 1998, the Company adopted Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 132, "Employers' Disclosures About
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits" ("SFAS NO. 132"), which amends
Statements of Financial Accounting Standards Nos. 87, 88 and 106. SFAS No.
132, among other things, standardizes the disclosure requirements for
pensions and other postretirement benefits and suggests combined formats
for presentation of such disclosures, but has no impact on the computation
of the reported amounts. Prior year disclosures have been revised to
comply with SFAS No. 132.
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
The Company has various retirement plans which cover essentially
all employees. Most of the Company's employees are covered by defined
benefit plans. The benefits are determined under formulas based on the
employee's years of service, age and compensation. The Company's funding
policy is to contribute annually an amount at least equal to the minimum
cash contribution required by ERISA.
The Company has unfunded postretirement medical benefit plans
which cover most of its employees. Under the plans, employees are eligible
for health care benefits (and life insurance benefits for Kaiser employees)
upon retirement. Retirees from companies other than Kaiser make
contributions for a portion of the cost of their health care benefits. The
expected costs of postretirement medical benefits are accrued over the
period the employees provide services to the date of their full eligibility
for such benefits. Postretirement medical benefits are generally provided
through a self insured arrangement. The Company has not funded the
liability for these benefits, which are expected to be paid out of cash
generated by operations.
The following tables present the changes, status and assumptions of the
Company's pension and other postretirement benefit plans as of December 31,
1998 and 1997, respectively (in millions):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PENSION BENEFITS MEDICAL/LIFE BENEFITS
-------------------------- --------------------------
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1998 1997
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at
beginning of year $ 918.0 $ 854.7 $ 551.7 $ 610.9
Service cost 16.8 15.8 4.6 6.5
Interest cost 63.1 64.6 37.9 45.3
Plan participants'
contributions - - .3 .3
Plan amendments - .9 - -
Actuarial (gain) loss 17.3 66.9 70.9 (67.7)
Currency exchange rate
change (.4) (6.0) - -
Curtailments and settlements (4.6) - 4.0 -
Benefits paid (85.7) (78.9) (45.9) (43.6)
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Benefit obligation at
end of year 924.5 918.0 623.5 551.7
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at
beginning of year 799.3 698.1 - -
Actual return on assets 112.5 138.5 - -
Settlements (5.5) - - -
Employer contributions 29.5 41.7 45.6 43.3
Plan participants'
contributions - - .3 .3
Benefits paid (85.7) (78.9) (45.9) (43.6)
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Fair value of plan assets at
end of year 850.1 799.4 - -
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Benefit obligation in excess
of plan assets 74.4 118.6 623.5 551.7
Unrecognized actuarial gain 31.7 7.2 59.2 137.4
Unrecognized prior service
costs (19.7) (23.5) 70.0 86.3
Intangible asset and other 4.3 5.4 - -
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Accrued benefit
liability $ 90.7 $ 107.7 $ 752.7 $ 775.4
============ ============ ============ ============
</TABLE>
With respect to Kaiser's pension plans, the benefit obligation
was $872.5 million and $873.0 million as of December 31, 1998 and 1997,
respectively. This obligation exceeded Kaiser's fair value of plan assets
by $70.7 million and $116.1 million as of December 31, 1998 and 1997,
respectively.
The postretirement medical/life benefit obligation attributable
to Kaiser's plans was $616.8 million and $544.5 million as of December 31,
1998 and 1997, respectively. The postretirement medical/life benefit
liability recognized in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet
attributable to Kaiser's plans was $742.5 million and $765.6 million as of
December 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PENSION BENEFITS MEDICAL/LIFE BENEFITS
----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996
------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Components of net periodic
benefit costs:
Service cost $ 16.8 $ 15.8 $ 15.7 $ 4.6 $ 6.5 $ 4.3
Interest cost 63.1 64.6 62.8 37.9 45.3 47.5
Expected return on
assets (72.3) (64.3) (57.2) - - -
Amortization of prior
service costs 3.3 3.4 3.6 (12.5) (12.5) (12.5)
Recognized net
actuarial (gain)
loss 1.4 2.6 2.0 (7.2) (.9) -
------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Net periodic benefit
costs 12.3 22.1 26.9 22.8 38.4 39.3
Curtailments and
settlements 3.2 3.7 1.4 - - -
------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Adjusted net
periodic
benefit
costs $ 15.5 $ 25.8 $ 28.3 $ 22.8 $ 38.4 $ 39.3
============= ============ ============ ============ ============ ============
</TABLE>
The net periodic pension costs attributable to Kaiser's plans was
$9.1 million, $19.2 million and $23.4 million for the years ended December
31, 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively.
Included in the net periodic postretirement medical/life benefit
cost is $22.2 million, $37.6 million and $38.3 million for the years ended
December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively, attributable to Kaiser's
plans.
The aggregate fair value of plan assets and accumulated benefit
obligation for pension plans with plan assets in excess of accumulated benefit
obligations were $311.4 million and $298.3 million, respectively, as of
December 31, 1998 and $304.4 million and $299.4 million, respectively, as of
December 31, 1997.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PENSION BENEFITS MEDICAL/LIFE BENEFITS
----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996
------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Weighted-average
assumptions:
Discount rate 7.0% 7.3% 7.8% 7.0% 7.3% 7.8%
Expected return on plan
assets 9.5% 9.5% 9.5% - - -
Rate of compensation
increase 5.0% 5.0% 5.0% 4.0% 5.0% 5.0%
</TABLE>
In 1998, annual assumed rates of increase in the per capita cost
of covered benefits (i.e. health care cost trend rate) for non-HMO and HMO
participants are 6.5% and 5.0%, respectively, at all ages. The assumed
rate of increase for non-HMO participants is assumed to decline gradually
to 5.0% in 2003 and remain at that level thereafter. Assumed health care
cost trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the
health care plan. A one-percentage-point change in assumed health care
cost trend rates as of December 31, 1998 would have the following effects
(in millions):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1-PERCENTAGE- 1-PERCENTAGE-
POINT POINT
INCREASE DECREASE
------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C>
Effect on total of service and
interest cost components $ 6.0 $ (4.4)
Effect on the postretirement
benefit obligations 65.3 (46.2)
</TABLE>
Savings and Incentive Plans
The Company has various defined contribution savings plans
designed to enhance the existing retirement programs of participating
employees. Under the MAXXAM Inc. Savings Plan, employees may elect to
defer up to 16% of their base compensation to the plan. For those
participants who have elected to defer a portion of their compensation, the
Company's matching contributions are dollar for dollar up to 4% of the
participant's contributions for each pay period. Under the Kaiser Aluminum
Savings and Retirement Plan, salaried employees may elect to defer from 2%
to 18% of their compensation to the plan. For those eligible participants
who have elected to make contributions to the plan, Kaiser's contributions
consist of matching 25% to 100% of contributions of up to 10% of their
compensation. Kaiser has an unfunded incentive compensation program which
provides incentive compensation based upon performance against annual plans
and over rolling three-year periods. Expenses incurred by the Company for
all of these plans were $9.3 million, $10.4 million and $(.1) million for
the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively.
10. MINORITY INTERESTS
Minority interests represent the following (in millions):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------
1998 1997
------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C>
Kaiser Aluminum Corporation:
Common stock, par $.01 $ 44.8 $ 42.9
Minority interests attributable to Kaiser's
subsidiaries 123.5 127.7
------------ ------------
$ 168.3 $ 170.6
============ ============
</TABLE>
Conversion of PRIDES to Kaiser Common Stock
During August 1997, the 8,673,850 outstanding shares of Kaiser's
8.255% PRIDES, Convertible Preferred Stock ("PRIDES") were converted into
7,227,848 shares of Kaiser common stock pursuant to the terms of the PRIDES
Certificate of Designations. Further, in accordance with the PRIDES
Certificate of Designations no dividends were paid or payable for the
period June 30, 1997, to, but not including, the date of conversion. As a
result of the equity attributable to the PRIDES being converted into equity
attributable to common stockholders, the Company recorded a $64.8 million
adjustment to stockholders' equity and a reduction in minority interest of
the same amount.
KACC Redeemable Preference Stock
In 1985, KACC issued its Cumulative (1985 Series A) Preference
Stock and its Cumulative (1985 Series B) Preference Stock (together, the
"REDEEMABLE PREFERENCE STOCK") each of which has a par value of $1 per
share and a liquidation and redemption value of $50 per share plus accrued
dividends, if any, and have a total redemption value of $21.1 million as of
December 31, 1998. No additional Redeemable Preference Stock is expected
to be issued. Holders of the Redeemable Preference Stock are entitled to
an annual cash dividend of $5 per share, or an amount based on a formula
tied to KACC's pre-tax income from aluminum operations when and as declared
by KACC's board of directors.
The carrying values of the Redeemable Preference Stock are
increased each year to recognize accretion between the fair value (at which
the Redeemable Preference Stock was originally issued) and the redemption
value. Changes in Redeemable Preference Stock are shown below.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Shares:
Outstanding at beginning of year 595,053 634,684 737,363
Redeemed (173,478) (39,631) (102,679)
------------ ------------ ------------
Outstanding at end of year 421,575 595,053 634,684
============ ============ ============
</TABLE>
Redemption fund agreements require KACC to make annual payments
by March 31 of the subsequent year based on a formula tied to KACC's
consolidated net income until the redemption funds are sufficient to redeem
all of the Redeemable Preference Stock. On an annual basis, the minimum
payment is $4.3 million and the maximum payment is $7.3 million. KACC also
has certain additional repurchase requirements which are based, among other
things, upon profitability tests.
The Redeemable Preference Stock is entitled to the same voting
rights as KACC common stock and to certain additional voting rights under
certain circumstances, including the right to elect, along with other KACC
preference stockholders, two directors whenever accrued dividends have not
been paid on two annual dividend payment dates or when accrued dividends in
an amount equivalent to six full quarterly dividends are in arrears. The
Redeemable Preference Stock restricts the ability of KACC to redeem or pay
dividends on its common stock if KACC is in default on any dividends
payable on Redeemable Preference Stock.
Preference Stock
KACC has four series of $100 par value Cumulative Convertible
Preference Stock ("$100 PREFERENCE STOCK") with annual dividend
requirements of between 4-1/8 % and 4-3/4 %. KACC has the option to redeem
the $100 Preference Stock at par value plus accrued dividends. KACC does
not intend to issue any additional shares of the $100 Preference Stock.
The $100 Preference Stock can be exchanged for per share cash
amounts between $69 - $80. KACC records the $100 Preference Stock at their
exchange amounts for financial statement presentation, and Kaiser includes
such amounts in minority interests. At December 31, 1998 and 1997,
outstanding shares of $100 Preference Stock were 19,963 and 20,543,
respectively.
Kaiser Common Stock Incentive Plans
Kaiser has a total of 8,000,000 shares of Kaiser common stock
reserved for issuance under its incentive compensation programs. At
December 31, 1998, 3,634,621 shares were available for issuance under these
plans. Pursuant to Kaiser's nonqualified stock program, stock options are
granted at the prevailing market price, generally vest at the rate of 20%
to 33% per year and have a five or ten year term. Information relating to
nonqualified stock options is shown below. The prices shown in the table
below are the weighted average price per share for the respective number of
underlying shares.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1997 1996
-------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------------
SHARES PRICE SHARES PRICE SHARES PRICE
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------- ------------ -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Outstanding at
beginning of year 819,752 $ 10.45 890,395 $ 10.33 926,085 $ 10.32
Granted 2,263,170 9.79 15,092 10.06 - -
Exercised (10,640) 7.25 (48,410) 8.33 (8,275) 8.99
Expired or forfeited (23,160) 9.60 (37,325) 10.12 (27,415) 10.45
------------ ------------ ------------
Outstanding at end of
year 3,049,122 9.98 819,752 10.45 890,395 10.33
============ ============ ============
Exercisable at end of
year 1,261,262 $ 10.09 601,115 $ 10.53 436,195 $ 10.47
============ ============ ============
</TABLE>
11. STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT
Preferred Stock
The holders of the Company's Class A $.05 Non-Cumulative
Participating Convertible Preferred Stock (the "CLASS A PREFERRED STOCK")
are entitled to receive, if and when declared, preferential cash dividends
at the rate of $.05 per share per annum and will participate thereafter on
a share for share basis with the holders of common stock in all cash
dividends, other than cash dividends on the common stock in any fiscal year
to the extent not exceeding $.05 per share. Stock dividends declared on
the common stock will result in the holders of the Class A Preferred Stock
receiving an identical stock dividend payable in shares of Class A
Preferred Stock. At the option of the holder, the Class A Preferred Stock
is convertible at any time into shares of common stock at the rate of one
share of common stock for each share of Class A Preferred Stock. Each
holder of Class A Preferred Stock is generally entitled to ten votes per
share on all matters presented to a vote of the Company's stockholders.
Stock Option Plans
In 1994, the Company adopted the MAXXAM 1994 Omnibus Employee
Incentive Plan (the "1994 OMNIBUS PLAN"). Up to 1,000,000 shares of common
stock and 1,000,000 shares of Class A Preferred Stock were reserved for
awards or for payment of rights granted under the 1994 Omnibus Plan of
which 784,600 and 910,000 shares, respectively, were available to be
awarded at December 31, 1998. The 1994 Omnibus Plan replaced the Company's
1984 Phantom Share Plan (the "1984 PLAN") which expired in June 1994,
although previous grants thereunder remain outstanding. The options (or
rights, as applicable) granted in 1996, 1997 and 1998 vest at the rate of
20% per year commencing one year from the date of grant. The Company paid
$1.2 million and $1.6 million in respect of awards issued pursuant to the
1984 Plan for the years ended December 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively.
Amounts paid in respect of awards issued pursuant to the 1984 Plan for the
year ended December 31, 1996 were not significant. The following table
summarizes the options or rights outstanding and exercisable relating to
the 1984 Plan and the 1994 Omnibus Plan. The prices shown are the weighted
average price per share for the respective number of underlying shares.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1997 1996
--------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------------
SHARES PRICE SHARES PRICE SHARES PRICE
------------ ------------- ------------ ------------- ------------ -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Outstanding at beginning
of year 296,800 $ 38.47 250,100 $ 34.75 207,900 $ 31.59
Granted 79,500 48.93 98,500 41.71 45,000 48.84
Exercised (53,200) 33.09 (50,300) 26.11 (1,800) 15.31
Expired or forfeited (21,100) 42.03 (1,500) 45.15 (1,000) 45.15
------------ ------------ ------------
Outstanding at end of year 302,000 41.93 296,800 38.47 250,100 34.75
============ ============ ============
Exercisable at end of year 107,700 $ 36.32 117,200 $ 33.53 122,100 $ 29.40
============ ============ ============
</TABLE>
Concurrent with the adoption of the 1994 Omnibus Plan, the
Company adopted the MAXXAM 1994 Non-Employee Director Plan (the "1994
DIRECTOR PLAN"). Up to 35,000 shares of common stock are reserved for
awards under the 1994 Director Plan. In 1998, 1997 and 1996, options to
purchase 1,800 shares, 1,800 shares and 900 shares of common stock,
respectively, were granted to three non-employee directors. The weighted
average exercise prices of these options are $60.94, $43.19 and $43.88 per
share, respectively, based on the quoted market price at the date of grant.
The options vest at the rate of 25% per year commencing one year from the
date of grant. At December 31, 1998, options for 3,075 shares were
exercisable.
Shares Reserved for Issuance
At December 31, 1998, the Company had 2,703,590 common shares and
1,000,000 Class A Preferred shares reserved for future issuances in
connection with various options, convertible securities and other rights as
described in this Note 11.
Rights
On November 29, 1989, the Board of Directors of the Company
declared a dividend to its stockholders consisting of (i) one Series A
Preferred Stock Purchase Right (the "SERIES A RIGHT") for each outstanding
share of the Company's Class A Preferred Stock and (ii) one Series B
Preferred Stock Purchase Right (the "SERIES B RIGHT") for each outstanding
share of the Company's common stock. The Series A Rights and the Series B
Rights are collectively referred to herein as the "Rights." The Rights are
exercisable only if a person or group of affiliated or associated persons
(an "ACQUIRING PERSON") acquires beneficial ownership, or the right to
acquire beneficial ownership, of 15% or more of the Company's common stock,
or announces a tender offer that would result in beneficial ownership of
15% or more of the outstanding common stock. Any person or group of
affiliated or associated persons who, as of November 29, 1989, was the
beneficial owner of at least 15% of the outstanding common stock will not
be deemed to be an Acquiring Person unless such person or group acquires
beneficial ownership of additional shares of common stock (subject to
certain exceptions). Each Series A Right, when exercisable, entitles the
registered holder to purchase from the Company one share of Class A
Preferred Stock at an exercise price of $165.00, subject to adjustment.
Each Series B Right, when exercisable, entitles the registered holder to
purchase from the Company one one-hundredth of a share of the Company's new
Class B Junior Participating Preferred Stock, with a par value of $.50 per
share (the "JUNIOR PREFERRED STOCK"), at an exercise price of $165.00,
subject to adjustment.
Under certain circumstances, including if any person becomes an
Acquiring Person other than through certain offers for all outstanding
shares of stock of the Company, or if an Acquiring Person engages in
certain "self-dealing" transactions, each Series A Right would enable its
holder to buy Class A Preferred Stock (or, under certain circumstances,
preferred stock of an acquiring company) having a value equal to two times
the exercise price of the Series A Right, and each Series B Right shall
enable its holder to buy common stock of the Company (or, under certain
circumstances, common stock of an acquiring company) having a value equal
to two times the exercise price of the Series B Right. Under certain
circumstances, Rights held by an Acquiring Person will be null and void.
In addition, under certain circumstances, the Board is authorized to
exchange all outstanding and exercisable Rights for stock, in the ratio of
one share of Class A Preferred Stock per Series A Right and one share of
common stock of the Company per Series B Right. The Rights, which do not
have voting privileges, expire on December 11, 1999, but may be redeemed by
action of the Board prior to that time for $.01 per right, subject to
certain restrictions.
Voting Control
Federated Development Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of
Federated Development Company ("FEDERATED"), and Mr. Charles E. Hurwitz
beneficially own (exclusive of securities acquirable upon exercise of stock
options) an aggregate 99.2% of the Company's Class A Preferred Stock and
37.7% of the Company's common stock (resulting in combined voting control
of approximately 68.9% of the Company). Mr. Hurwitz is the Chairman of the
Board and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and Chairman and Chief
Executive Officer of Federated. Federated is wholly owned by Mr. Hurwitz,
members of his immediate family and trusts for the benefit thereof.
12. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Commitments
Minimum rental commitments under operating leases at December 31,
1998 are as follows: years ending December 31, 1999 - $43.6 million; 2000 -
$39.8 million; 2001 - $35.0 million; 2002 - $30.1 million; 2003 - $28.2
million; thereafter - $119.2 million. Rental expense for operating leases
was $39.6 million, $35.6 million and $34.2 million for the years ended
December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. The minimum future rentals
receivable under noncancelable subleases at December 31, 1998 were $73.5
million.
Aluminum Operations
Environmental Contingencies
Kaiser and KACC are subject to a number of environmental laws and
regulations, to fines or penalties assessed for alleged breaches of the
environmental laws and regulations, and to claims and litigation based upon
such laws. KACC is currently subject to a number of lawsuits under the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of
1980 (as amended by the Superfund Amendments Reauthorization Act of 1986,
"CERCLA"), and, along with certain other entities, has been named as a
potentially responsible party for remedial costs at certain third-party
sites listed on the National Priorities List under CERCLA.
Based on Kaiser's evaluation of these and other environmental
matters, Kaiser has established environmental accruals primarily related to
potential solid waste disposal and soil and groundwater remediation
matters. The following table presents the changes in such accruals, which
are primarily included in other noncurrent liabilities (in millions):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at beginning of year $ 29.7 $ 33.3 $ 38.9
Additional accruals 24.5 2.0 3.2
Less expenditures (3.5) (5.6) (8.8)
------------ ------------ ------------
Balance at end of year $ 50.7 $ 29.7 $ 33.3
============ ============ ============
</TABLE>
These environmental accruals represent Kaiser's estimate of costs
reasonably expected to be incurred based on presently enacted laws and
regulations, currently available facts, existing technology and Kaiser's
assessment of the likely remediation action to be taken. Kaiser expects
that these remediation actions will be taken over the next several years
and estimates that annual expenditures to be charged to these environmental
accruals will be approximately $3.0 million to $8.0 million for the years
1999 through 2003 and an aggregate of approximately $29.0 million
thereafter.
As additional facts are developed and definitive remediation
plans and necessary regulatory approvals for implementation of remediation
are established or alternative technologies are developed, changes in these
and other factors may result in actual costs exceeding the current
environmental accruals. As the resolution of these matters is subject to
further regulatory review and approval, no specific assurances can be given
as to when the factors upon which a substantial portion of this estimate is
based can be expected to be resolved. However, Kaiser is working to
resolve certain of these matters. Kaiser believes that it has insurance
coverage available to recover certain incurred and future environmental
costs and is actively pursuing claims in this regard. Through September
30, 1998, no accruals were made for any such insurance recoveries.
However, during December 1998, KACC received recoveries totaling
approximately $35.0 million from certain of its insurers related to current
and future claims. Based on Kaiser's analysis, a total of $12.0 million of
such recoveries was allocable to previously accrued (expensed) items and,
therefore, was reflected in earnings during the fourth quarter of 1998.
The remaining recoveries were offset against increases in the total amount
of environmental reserves. No assurances can be given that Kaiser will be
successful in other attempts to recover incurred or future costs from other
insurers or that the amount of recoveries received will ultimately be
adequate to cover costs incurred. While uncertainties are inherent in the
final outcome of these environmental matters, and it is impossible to
determine the actual costs that ultimately may be incurred, management
believes that the resolution of such uncertainties should not have a
material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial position,
results of operations or liquidity.
Asbestos Contingencies
KACC is a defendant in a number of lawsuits, some of which
involve claims of multiple persons, in which the plaintiffs allege that
certain of their injuries were caused by, among other things, exposure to
asbestos during, and as a result of, their employment or association with
KACC or exposure to products containing asbestos produced or sold by KACC.
The lawsuits generally relate to products KACC has not manufactured for at
least 20 years.
The following table presents the changes in number of such claims
pending for the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997, and 1996.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Number of claims at beginning of period 77,400 71,100 59,700
Claims received 22,900 15,600 21,100
Claims settled or dismissed (13,900) (9,300) (9,700)
------------ ------------ ------------
Number of claims at end of period 86,400 77,400 71,100
============ ============ ============
</TABLE>
The foregoing claims and settlement figures as of December 31,
1998, do not reflect the fact that KACC has reached agreements under which
it will settle approximately 30,000 of the pending asbestos-related claims
over an extended period.
Based on past experience and reasonably anticipated future
activity, Kaiser has established an accrual for estimated asbestos-related
costs for claims filed and estimated to be filed through 2008. There are
inherent uncertainties involved in estimating asbestos-related costs and
Kaiser's actual costs could exceed these estimates. Kaiser's accrual was
calculated based on the current and anticipated number of asbestos-related
claims, the prior timing and amounts of asbestos-related payments, and the
advice of Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut Klein & Nash, P.A. with respect to the
current state of the law related to asbestos claims. Accordingly, an
estimated asbestos-related cost accrual of $186.2 million, before
consideration of insurance recoveries, is included primarily in other
noncurrent liabilities at December 31, 1998. While Kaiser does not believe
there is a reasonable basis for estimating such costs beyond 2008 and,
accordingly, no accrual has been recorded for such costs which may be
incurred beyond 2008, there is a reasonable possibility that such costs may
continue beyond 2008, and such costs may be substantial. Kaiser estimates
that annual future cash payments in connection with such litigation will be
approximately $16.0 million to $28.0 million for each of the years 1999
through 2003, and an aggregate of approximately $77.0 million thereafter.
Kaiser believes that KACC has insurance coverage available to
recover a substantial portion of its asbestos-related costs. Although
Kaiser has settled asbestos-related coverage matters with certain of its
insurance carriers, other carriers have not yet agreed to such settlements.
The timing and amount of future recoveries from these insurance carriers
will depend on the pace of claims review and processing by such carriers
and on the resolution of any disputes regarding coverage under such
policies. Kaiser believes that substantial recoveries from the insurance
carriers are probable. Kaiser reached this conclusion after considering
its prior insurance-related recoveries in respect of asbestos-related
claims, its existing insurance policies, and the advisement of Heller
Ehrman White & McAuliffe, P.A. with respect to applicable insurance
coverage law relating to the terms and conditions of those policies.
Accordingly, an estimated aggregate insurance recovery of $152.5 million,
determined on the same basis as the asbestos-related cost accrual, is
recorded primarily in long-term receivables and other assets at December
31, 1998.
Kaiser continues to monitor claims activity, the status of
lawsuits (including settlement initiatives), legislative progress, and
costs incurred in order to ascertain whether an adjustment to the existing
accruals should be made to the extent that historical experience may differ
significantly from Kaiser's underlying assumptions. While uncertainties are
inherent in the final outcome of these asbestos matters and it is presently
impossible to determine the actual costs that ultimately may be incurred
and insurance recoveries that will be received, management believes that,
based on the factors discussed in the preceding paragraphs, the resolution
of asbestos-related uncertainties and the incurrence of asbestos-related
costs net of related insurance recoveries should not have a material
adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of
operations or liquidity.
Labor Matters
In connection with the USWA strike and subsequent "lock-out" by
KACC, certain allegations of unfair labor practices ("ULPS") have been
filed with the National Labor Relations Board by the USWA and its members.
KACC has responded to all such allegations and believes that they are
without merit. If the allegations were sustained, KACC could be required
to make locked-out employees whole for back wages from the date of lock-out
in January 1999. While uncertainties are inherent in the final outcome of
such matters, the Company believes that the resolution of the alleged ULPs
should not result in a material adverse impact on its financial position,
results of operations, or liquidity.
Forest Products Operations
Regulatory and environmental matters play a significant role in
the Company's business, which is subject to a variety of California and
federal laws and regulations, as well as the Final HCP and Final SYP
(defined below), dealing with timber harvesting practices, threatened and
endangered species and habitat for such species, and air and water quality.
While regulatory and environmental concerns have resulted in restrictions
on the geographic scope and timing of the Company's timber operations,
increased operational costs and engendered litigation and other challenges
to the Company's operations, prior to 1998 they have not had a significant
adverse effect on the Company's financial position, results of operations
or liquidity. However, the Company's 1998 results of operations were
adversely affected by certain regulatory and environmental matters,
including during the second half of 1998, the absence of a sufficient
number of available THPs to enable the Company to conduct its operations at
historic levels.
On September 28, 1996, Pacific Lumber, including its subsidiaries
and affiliates, and MAXXAM (the "PACIFIC LUMBER PARTIES") entered into an
agreement (the "HEADWATERS AGREEMENT") with the United States and
California which provided the framework for the acquisition of the
Headwaters Timberlands by the United States and California. Consummation of
the Headwaters Agreement was also conditioned upon, among other things:
approval of a sustained yield plan establishing long-term sustained yield
("LTSY") harvest levels for Pacific Lumber's timberlands (the "SYP"),
approval of a habitat conservation plan (the "HCP") covering multiple
species (the "MULTI-SPECIES HCP") and issuance of incidental take permits
related to the Multi-Species HCP ("PERMITS"). As further described in Note
17 "Subsequent Events," on March 1, 1999, the Pacific Lumber Parties, the
United States and California consummated the Headwaters Agreement. In
addition to the transfer of the Headwaters Timberlands by the Pacific
Lumber Parties described in Note 17, Pacific Lumber received an approved
SYP (the "FINAL SYP"), Multi-Species HCP (the "FINAL HCP") and related
Permits. The Pacific Lumber Parties and California also executed an
agreement regarding the enforcement of the California bill which authorized
state funds for the purchase of the Headwaters Timberlands while imposing
certain restrictions on the remaining timberlands held by the Pacific
Lumber Parties (the "CALIFORNIA AGREEMENT").
The Final SYP complies with certain California Board of Forestry
regulations requiring timber companies to project timber growth and harvest
on their timberlands over a 100-year planning period and establish an LTSY
harvest level. An SYP must demonstrate that the average annual harvest
over any rolling ten-year period will not exceed the LTSY harvest level and
that a timber company's projected timber inventory is capable of sustaining
the LTSY harvest level in the last decade of the 100-year planning period.
Under the Final SYP, the Company's projected base average annual harvest
level in the first decade could be approximately 179 million board feet of
softwoods. The Final SYP is effective for 10 years and may be amended by
Pacific Lumber subject to approval by the CDF. The Final SYP is subject to
review after five years. Revised SYPs would be prepared every decade that
address the LTSY harvest level based upon reassessment of changes in the
resource base and other factors.
Several species, including the northern spotted owl, the marbled
murrelet, the coho salmon and the steelhead trout, have been listed as
endangered or threatened under the ESA and/or the California Endangered
Species Act (the "CESA"). The Final HCP and the Permits allow incidental
"take" of listed species so long as there is no "jeopardy" to the continued
existence of such species. The Final HCP identifies the measures to be
instituted in order to minimize and mitigate the anticipated level of take
to the greatest extent practicable. The Final HCP not only provides for
the Company's compliance with habitat requirements for the northern spotted
owl, the marbled murrelet, the coho salmon and the steelhead trout, it also
provides for issuance of Permits for thirteen additional species that are
or may be listed in the future. The Final HCP and related Permits have a
term of 50 years, and, among other things, include the following protective
measures: (i) setting aside timberlands as marbled murrelet conservation
areas; (ii) establishing streamside "no-cut" and limited cut buffers as
well as mass wasting areas based on a five-year assessment of each of the
Company's watersheds; (iii) limiting harvesting activities during wet
weather conditions, and (iv) making certain specified improvements to the
Company's roads. The Final SYP is also subject to the foregoing
provisions. The Company believes that the Final SYP and the Final HCP
should in the long-term expedite the preparation and facilitate approval of
its THPs, although there can be no assurance that the Company will not face
difficulties in the THP submission and approval process as it implements
these agreements.
Lawsuits are threatened which seek to prevent the Company from
implementing the Final HCP and the Final SYP, and lawsuits are pending
concerning certain of the Company's approved THPs or other operations. On
January 26, 1998 an action entitled Coho Salmon, et al v. Pacific Lumber,
et al, (the "COHO LAWSUIT") was filed against Pacific Lumber, Scotia
Pacific and Salmon Creek. This action alleged, among other things,
violations of the ESA and claims that defendants' logging operations in
five watersheds have contributed to the "take" of the coho salmon. In
March 1999, the Coho lawsuit was dismissed, with prejudice. Pacific Lumber
has also received notice of additional threatened actions with respect to
the coho salmon. On August 12, 1998, an action entitled Environmental
Protection Information Center, Inc., Sierra Club v. Pacific Lumber, Scotia
Pacific and Salmon Creek (the "EPIC LAWSUIT") was filed by two
environmental groups against Pacific Lumber, Scotia Pacific and Salmon
Creek under which the environmental groups allege that certain procedural
violations of the federal Endangered Species Act (the "ESA") have resulted
from logging activities on the Company's timberlands and seek to prevent
the defendants from carrying out any harvesting activities until certain
wildlife consultation requirements under the ESA are satisfied in
connection with the development of the Final HCP. In March 1999, the court
affirmed a preliminary injunction on harvesting on three THPs; however, it
subsequently heard Pacific Lumber's motion to dismiss the case and issued
an order for the plaintiffs to show cause why the lawsuit should not be
dismissed as moot since the consultation requirement appears to have been
concluded. On or about January 29, 1999, the Company received a notice
from EPIC and the Sierra Club ("EPIC NOTICE LETTER") of their intent to sue
Pacific Lumber and several federal and state agencies under the ESA. The
letter alleges various violations of the ESA and challenges, among other
things, the validity and legality of the Permits. The Company is unable to
predict the outcome of either the EPIC lawsuit or the EPIC Notice Letter or
their ultimate impact on the Company's financial condition or results of
operations or the ability to harvest timber on its THPs. While the Company
expects environmentally focused objections and lawsuits to continue, it
believes that the Final HCP and the Permits should enhance its position in
connection with these challenges.
On November 9, 1998, the California Department of Forestry and
Fire Protection ("CDF") notified Pacific Lumber that it had suspended
Pacific Lumber's 1998 timber operator's license ("TOL"). As a result,
Pacific Lumber ceased all operations under its TOL and made the necessary
arrangements for independent contract loggers to be substituted where
necessary (independent contractors historically account for approximately
60% of the harvesting activities on the Company's timberlands). On
February 26, 1999, the CDF issued Pacific Lumber a conditional TOL for
1999. The 1999 TOL contains provisions which limit the use of roads during
wet weather conditions and provides for an enhanced compliance program.
The CDF has also advised Pacific Lumber that if the 1999 TOL is revoked,
issuance of a new conditional license would be unlikely. The Company does
not believe that the restrictions imposed by the 1999 TOL will have an
adverse effect on Pacific Lumber's or the Company's financial condition or
results of operations.
OTS Contingency and Related Matters
On December 26, 1995, the United States Department of Treasury's
Office of Thrift Supervision ("OTS") initiated a formal administrative
proceeding against the Company and others by filing a Notice of Charges
(the "NOTICE"). The Notice alleges, among other things, misconduct by the
Company, Federated Development Company ("FEDERATED"), Mr. Charles Hurwitz
and others (the "RESPONDENTS") with respect to the failure of United
Savings Association of Texas ("USAT"), a wholly owned subsidiary of United
Financial Group Inc. ("UFG"). The Notice claims that the Company was a
savings and loan holding company, that with others it controlled USAT, and
that it was therefore obligated to maintain the net worth of USAT. The
Notice makes numerous other allegations against the Company and the other
respondents, including, among other things, allegations that through USAT
it was involved in prohibited transactions with Drexel Burnham Lambert Inc.
The OTS's pre-hearing statement alleged unspecified damages in excess of
$560.0 million from the Company and Federated, civil money penalties and a
removal from, and prohibition against the Company and the other respondents
engaging in, the banking industry. The hearing on the merits of this
matter commenced on September 22, 1997 and concluded on March 1, 1999.
Post trial briefing is expected to continue at least through September
1999. A recommended decision by the Administrative Law Judge is not
expected any sooner than late 1999. A final agency decision would be
issued by the OTS Director thereafter. Such decision would then be subject
to appeal by any of the parties to the federal appellate court and, if
adverse to the defendants, subject to bonding. On February 10, 1999, the
OTS and FDIC settled with the all the respondents except Mr. Hurwitz, the
Company and Federated for $1.0 million and limited cease and desist orders.
On August 2, 1995, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
("FDIC") filed a civil action entitled Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation, as manager of the FSLIC Resolution Fund v. Charles E. Hurwitz
(No. H-95-3956) (the "FDIC ACTION") in the U.S. District Court for the
Southern District of Texas (the "Court"). The original complaint against
Mr. Hurwitz alleged damages in excess of $250.0 million based on the
allegation that Mr. Hurwitz was a controlling shareholder, de facto senior
officer and director of USAT, and was involved in certain decisions which
contributed to the insolvency of USAT. The original complaint further
alleged, among other things, that Mr. Hurwitz was obligated to ensure that
UFG, Federated and the Company maintained the net worth of USAT. On
January 15, 1997, the FDIC filed an amended complaint which seeks,
conditioned on the OTS prevailing in its administrative proceeding,
unspecified damages from Mr. Hurwitz relating to amounts the OTS does not
collect from the Company and Federated with respect to their alleged
obligations to maintain USAT's net worth.
The Company's bylaws provide for indemnification of its officers
and directors to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. The Company
is obligated to advance defense costs to its officers and directors,
subject to the individual's obligation to repay such amount if it is
ultimately determined that the individual was not entitled to
indemnification. In addition, the Company's indemnity obligation can,
under certain circumstances, include amounts other than defense costs,
including judgments and settlements. The Company has concluded that it is
unable to determine a reasonable estimate of the loss (or range of loss),
if any, that could result from this contingency. Accordingly, it is
impossible to assess the ultimate outcome of the foregoing matters or its
potential impact on the Company; however, any adverse outcome of these
matters could have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated
financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
Other Matters
The Company is involved in various other claims, lawsuits and
other proceedings relating to a wide variety of matters. While
uncertainties are inherent in the final outcome of such matters and it is
presently impossible to determine the actual costs that ultimately may be
incurred, management believes that the resolution of such uncertainties and
the incurrence of such costs should not have a material adverse effect on
the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations or
liquidity.
13. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED HEDGING PROGRAMS
At December 31, 1998, the net unrealized gain on KACC's position
in aluminum forward sales and option contracts natural gas and fuel oil
forward purchase and option contracts, and forward foreign exchange
contracts, was approximately $17.8 million (based on comparisons to
applicable year-end published market prices). As KACC's hedging activities
are designed to lock-in a specified price or range of prices, gains or
losses on the derivative contracts utilized in these hedging activities
will be offset by losses or gains, respectively, on the transactions being
hedged.
Alumina and Aluminum
Kaiser's earnings are sensitive to changes in the prices of
alumina, primary aluminum and fabricated aluminum products and also depend
to a significant degree upon the volume and mix of all products sold.
Primary aluminum prices have historically been subject to significant
cyclical price fluctuations. Alumina prices as well as fabricated aluminum
product prices (which vary considerably among products) are significantly
influenced by changes in the price of primary aluminum but generally lag
behind primary aluminum price changes by up to three months. Since 1993,
the average Midwest United States transaction price for primary aluminum
has ranged from approximately $.50 to $1.00 per pound.
From time to time in the ordinary course of business, KACC enters
into hedging transactions to provide price risk management in respect of
the net exposure of earnings resulting from (i) anticipated sales of
alumina, primary aluminum and fabricated aluminum products, less (ii)
expected purchases of certain items, such as aluminum scrap, rolling ingot
and bauxite, whose prices fluctuate with the market price of primary
aluminum. Forward sales contracts are used by KACC to effectively fix the
price that KACC will receive for its shipments. KACC also uses option
contracts (i) to establish a minimum price for its product shipments, (ii)
to establish a "collar" or range of price for KACC's anticipated sales
and/or (iii) to permit KACC to realize possible upside price movements. As
of December 31, 1998, KACC had sold forward, at fixed prices, approximately
24,000 tons of primary aluminum with respect to 1999. As of December 31,
1998, KACC had also entered into option contracts that established a price
range for an additional 125,000 and 72,000 tons of primary aluminum with
respect to 1999 through 2000, respectively. Subsequent to December 31,
1998, KACC has also entered into additional option contracts that
established a price range for an additional 201,000 tons of primary
aluminum with respect to 2000.
Additionally, through December 31, 1998, KACC had also entered a
series of transactions with a counterparty that will provide KACC with a
premium over the forward market prices at the date of transaction for 2,000
tons of primary aluminum per month during the period from July 1999 to June
2001. KACC also contracted with the counterparty to receive a fixed price
(also above the forward market price at the date of the transaction) on
4,000 tons of primary aluminum per month over a three year period
commencing October 2001 unless market prices during certain periods decline
below a stipulated "floor" price, in which case, the fixed price sales
portion of the transactions terminates. The price at which October 2001
and after transactions terminate is well below current market prices.
While Kaiser believes the October 2001 and after transactions are
consistent with its stated hedging objectives, these positions do not
qualify for treatment as a "hedge" under current accounting guidelines.
Accordingly, these positions will be "marked to market" each period.
As of December 31, 1998, KACC had sold forward virtually all of
the alumina available to it in excess of its projected internal smelting
requirements for 1999 and 2000 at prices indexed to future prices of
primary aluminum.
Energy
KACC is exposed to energy price risk from fluctuating prices for
fuel oil and natural gas consumed in the production process. Accordingly,
KACC from time to time in the ordinary course of business enters into
hedging transactions with major suppliers of energy and energy related
financial instruments. As of December 31, 1998, KACC had a combination of
fixed price purchase and option contracts for the purchase of approximately
33,000 MMBtu of natural gas per day during 1999. At December 31, 1998,
KACC also held a combination of fixed price purchase and option contracts
for an average of 246,000 barrels per month of fuel oil and diesel fuel for
1999.
Foreign Currency
KACC enters into forward foreign exchange contracts to hedge
material cash commitments to foreign subsidiaries or affiliates. At
December 31, 1998, KACC had net forward foreign exchange contracts totaling
approximately $141.4 million for the purchase of 210.6 Australian dollars
from January 1999 through December 2000, in respect of its commitments for
1999 and 2000 expenditures denominated in Australian dollars.
14. SEGMENT INFORMATION
In the fourth quarter of 1998, the Company adopted Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 131, "Disclosures About Segments of an
Enterprise and Related Information" ("SFAS NO. 131"), which supersedes
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 14 "Financial Reporting for
Segments of a Business Enterprise." SFAS No. 131 requires financial
information for public reporting purposes to be reported on the basis that
it is used internally by management for evaluating segment performance and
deciding how to allocate resources to segments.
Reportable Segments
The Company is a holding company; its operations are organized
and managed as distinct business units which offer different products and
services and are managed separately through the Company's subsidiaries.
The Company has four reportable segments: aluminum, forest products, real
estate and racing operations. The aluminum segment is an integrated
aluminum producer which uses portions of its bauxite and alumina to produce
primary aluminum and fabricated aluminum products. The forest products
segment harvests its timber and produces lumber and logs. The real estate
segment invests in and develops residential and commercial real estate.
The racing segment operates a pari-mutual horse racing facility.
The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those
described in Note 1. The Company evaluates segment performance based on
profit or loss from operations before income taxes and minority interests.
The following segment information differs from that presented in prior
years as a result of the adoption of SFAS No. 131 in 1998. Prior year
information has been restated to conform to the new format.
The following table presents financial information by reportable
segment (in millions).
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOREST REAL RACING CONSOLIDATED
DECEMBER 31, ALUMINUM PRODUCTS ESTATE OPERATIONS CORPORATE TOTAL
------------ ------------ ------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales to
unaffiliated
customers 1998 $ 2,256.4 $ 233.6 $ 58.6 $ 24.1 $ - $ 2,572.7
1997 2,373.2 287.2 48.7 20.0 - 2,729.1
1996 2,190.5 264.6 67.5 20.7 - 2,543.3
Operating
income (loss) 1998 96.5 40.9 - 1.8 (13.6) 125.6
1997 174.0 84.9 (3.4) (1.6) (17.5) 236.4
1996 103.7 73.0 (10.1) (1.9) (33.4) 131.3
Investment,
interest
and other
income 1998 3.5 9.7 15.8 .7 6.6 36.3
1997 3.0 14.8 17.6 .1 14.2 49.7
1996 (2.6) 11.7 31.2 (.4) 1.2 41.1
Interest
expense and
amortization
of deferred
financing
costs 1998 110.0 75.3 1.5 3.4 18.3 208.5
1997 110.7 78.7 1.4 3.1 17.7 211.6
1996 93.4 78.4 2.3 3.4 7.0 184.5
Depreciation,
depletion and
amortization 1998 93.2 22.5 3.2 1.0 .5 120.4
1997 96.5 26.1 3.3 .9 .6 127.4
1996 101.7 27.2 4.8 .9 .5 135.1
Income (loss)
before income
taxes and
minority
interests 1998 (10.0) (24.7) 14.4 (1.0) (25.3) (46.6)
1997 66.3 20.9 12.8 (4.4) (21.1) 74.5
1996 7.6 6.3 18.9 (5.7) (39.2) (12.1)
Capital
expenditures 1998 77.6 22.0 22.2 1.0 .1 122.9
1997 128.5 22.9 22.0 .3 .3 174.0
1996 160.3 15.2 10.3 .4 .4 186.6
Investments in
and advances
to unconsol-
idated
affiliates 1998 128.3 - 18.2 - - 146.5
1997 148.6 - 10.9 - - 159.5
Total assets 1998 2,928.7 682.6 194.6 36.3 233.0 4,075.2
1997 2,950.7 700.0 193.7 34.7 235.1 4,114.2
</TABLE>
The amounts in the column entitled Corporate represent corporate
general and administrative expenses, interest and other income, and
interest expense not directly attributable to the reportable segments.
This column also serves to reconcile the total of the reportable segments'
amounts to totals in the Company's consolidated financial statements. The
reconciling amounts for total assets for 1998 and 1997 are primarily
related to deferred tax assets.
Product Sales
The following table presents segment sales by primary products
(in millions).
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Aluminum:
Bauxite and alumina $ 608.5 $ 613.4 $ 625.1
Primary aluminum 643.3 817.2 755.7
Flat-rolled products 714.6 743.3 626.0
Engineered products 581.3 581.0 504.4
Minority interests and eliminations (291.3) (381.7) (320.7)
------------ ------------ ------------
Total aluminum sales $ 2,256.4 $ 2,373.2 $ 2,190.5
Forest products:
Lumber $ 211.6 $ 256.1 $ 234.1
Other forest products 22.0 31.1 30.5
------------ ------------ ------------
Total forest product sales $ 233.6 $ 287.2 $ 264.6
Real estate:
Real estate and development $ 41.2 $ 25.5 $ 25.1
Resort and other commercial operations 17.4 23.2 42.4
------------ ------------ ------------
Total real estate sales $ 58.6 $ 48.7 $ 67.5
</TABLE>
Geographical Information
The Company's operations are located in many foreign countries,
including Australia, Canada, Ghana, Jamaica, and the United Kingdom.
Foreign operations in general may be more vulnerable than domestic
operations due to a variety of political and other risks. Sales and
transfers among geographic areas are made on a basis intended to reflect
the market value of products. Long-lived assets include property, plant
and equipment-net, timber and timberlands-net, real estate held for
development and sale, and investments in and advances to unconsolidated
affiliates. Geographical area information relative to operations is
summarized as follows (in millions):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
OTHER
DECEMBER 31, DOMESTIC CARIBBEAN AFRICA FOREIGN TOTAL
------------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales to
unaffiliated
customers 1998 $ 2,014.3 $ 237.0 $ 89.8 $ 231.6 $ 2,572.7
1997 2,076.2 204.6 234.2 214.1 2,729.1
1996 1,962.8 201.8 198.3 180.4 2,543.3
Long-lived assets 1998 1,297.8 289.2 90.2 99.7 1,776.9
1997 1,324.6 283.4 100.4 127.1 1,835.5
</TABLE>
Major Customers and Export Sales
For the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996, sales to
any one customer did not exceed 10% of consolidated revenues. Export sales
were less than 10% of total revenue in 1998, 1997 or 1996.
15. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
------------ ------------ ------------
(IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Supplemental information on non-cash
investing and financing activities:
Capital spending accrual excluded from
investing activities $ - $ - $ 13.5
Contribution of property and inventory
in exchange for joint
venture interest 8.7 10.6 -
Acquisition of assets subject to other
liabilities .8 9.4 -
Reduction of stockholders' deficit due
to redemption of Kaiser preferred
stock - 64.8 -
Borrowing (repayment) of short-term
debt issued to repurchase
treasury stock (35.1) 35.1 -
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow
information:
Interest paid, net of capitalized
interest $ 186.6 $ 178.3 $ 156.8
Income taxes paid, net 16.7 25.4 21.5
</TABLE>
16. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)
Summary quarterly financial information for the years ended
December 31, 1998 and 1997 is as follows (in millions):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
THREE MONTHS ENDED
------------------------------------------------------
MARCH 31 JUNE 30 SEPTEMBER 30 DECEMBER 31
------------ ------------ ------------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1998:
Net sales $ 664.0 $ 699.6 $ 628.8 $ 580.3
Operating income (loss) 51.3 71.0 40.4 (37.1)
Income (loss) before
extraordinary item 1.9 12.4 (2.0) (27.0)
Extraordinary item, net - - (42.5) -
Net income (loss) 1.9 12.4 (44.5) (27.0)
Basic earnings per common
share:
Income (loss) before
extraordinary item $ .28 $ 1.76 $ (.28) $ (3.86)
Extraordinary item, net - - (6.07) -
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Net income (loss) .28 1.76 (6.35) $ (3.86)
============ ============ ============ ============
Diluted earnings per common
and common equivalent
share:
Income (loss) before
extraordinary item $ .25 $ 1.57 $ (.28) $ (3.86)
Extraordinary item - - (6.07) -
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Net income (loss) $ .25 $ 1.57 $ (6.35) $ (3.86)
============ ============ ============ ============
1997:
Net sales $ 631.6 $ 689.1 $ 726.0 $ 682.4
Operating income 49.0 52.7 73.9 60.8
Net income .7 31.9 18.0 14.6
Earnings per share:
Basic .08 3.72 2.17 1.84
Diluted .07 3.42 1.98 1.67
</TABLE>
17. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Headwaters Transactions
As described in Note 12 above, on September 28, 1996, the Pacific
Lumber Parties entered into the Headwaters Agreement with the United States
and California which provided the framework for the acquisition by the
United States and California of the Headwaters Timberlands. A substantial
portion of the Headwaters Timberlands contain virgin old growth timber.
Approximately 4,900 of these acres were owned by Salmon Creek, with the
remaining acreage being owned by the Scotia LLC (Pacific Lumber owning the
timber and related timber harvesting rights on this acreage). On March 1,
1999, the Pacific Lumber Parties, the United States and California
consummated the Headwaters Agreement. Salmon Creek received $299.9 million
for its 4,900 acres and, for its 700 acres, Pacific Lumber received the
7,700 acre Elk River Timberlands which are to be contributed to Scotia LLC
on or before August 1999. Approximately $285.0 million of these proceeds
have been deposited into an escrow account held by an escrow agent and are
to be made available as necessary to support the Timber Notes, and may be
released only under certain circumstances.
As a result of the disposition of the Headwaters Timberlands, the
Company expects to recognize a pre-tax gain of approximately $240.0
million ($142.0 million, net of tax) in the first quarter of 1999. This
amount represents the gain attributable to the portion of the Headwaters
Timberlands for which the Company received $299.9 million in cash. With
respect to the remaining portion for which the Company received the Elk
River Timberlands, no gain has been recognized as this represented an
exchange of substantially similar productive assets. These timberlands
will be reflected in the Company's financial statements at $6.0 million
which represents the Company's historical cost for the timberlands which
were transferred to the United States.
Scotia LLC and Pacific Lumber also entered into agreements with
California for the future sale to California of the Owl Creek and Grizzly
Creek groves (the "OWL CREEK AGREEMENT" and the "GRIZZLY CREEK AGREEMENT,"
respectively). The Owl Creek Agreement provides for Scotia LLC to sell, on
or before June 30, 2002, the Owl Creek grove to California for the lesser
of the appraised fair market value or $79.7 million. At California's
option, 25% of the payment may be paid upon closing with three equal annual
installments thereafter and without interest. With respect to the Grizzly
Creek Agreement, California may purchase from Pacific Lumber, on or before
October 31, 2000, a portion of this grove for a purchase price determined
based on fair market value, but not to exceed $19.9 million. The net
proceeds from the Grizzly Creek grove will be placed into an escrow account
(on the same basis as the net proceeds from the sale of the Headwaters
Timberlands) unless, at the time of receipt of such proceeds, the Escrowed
Funds are no longer held in an escrow account. California also has a five
year option under the agreement to purchase additional property adjacent to
the Grizzly Creek grove which is within the Grizzly Creek conservation
area. The sale of the Owl Creek or Grizzly Creek groves will not be
reflected in the Company's financial statements until they have been
concluded.
Aluminum Operations
During the first quarter of 1999, two potlines at Kaiser's 90%
owned Valco facility, which were curtailed during most of 1998 (but for
which Valco received compensation from the Volta River Authority in the
form of energy credits), began restarting. Additionally, during the first
quarter of 1999, KACC began restarting two potlines (representing
approximately 50,000 tons of annual capacity) at its Mead, Washington,
smelter, which were originally curtailed in September 1998 as a result of
the USWA strike. One potline at Kaiser's Tacoma, Washington, smelter has
been prepared for restart but remains curtailed due to Kaiser's
consideration of market-related and other factors. Kaiser's first quarter
results will be adversely impacted by the effect of the restart costs at
the Valco and Mead facilities and the restart preparations at the Tacoma
facility.
During February 1999, KACC, through a subsidiary, completed the
acquisition of its joint venture partner's 45% interest in Kaiser La Roche
Hydrate Partners ("KLHP") for a cash purchase price of approximately $10.0
million subject to post-closing adjustments. As KACC already owned 55% of
KLHP, the results of KLHP were already included in the consolidated
financial statements.
In January 1999, KACC signed a letter of intent to sell its 50%
interest in AKW, an aluminum wheels joint venture, to its partner. The
sale, which will result in Kaiser recognizing a substantial gain, is
expected to be completed on or about March 31, 1999. However, as the
transaction is subject to the negotiation of a definitive purchase
agreement, no assurances can be given that the transaction will be
completed. Kaiser's equity in income of AKW was $7.8 million and $4.8
million for the years ended December 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING
AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
PART III
Information required under Part III (Items 10, 11, 12 and 13) has
been omitted from this report since the Company intends to file with the
Securities and Exchange Commission, not later than 120 days after the close
of its fiscal year, a definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A
which involves the election of directors.
PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
PAGE
(A) INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (INCLUDED UNDER ITEM 8):
Report of Independent Public Accountants 52
Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 1998 and 1997 53
Consolidated Statement of Operations for the Years
Ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996 54
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the Years Ended
December 31, 1998,1997 and 1996 55
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Deficit 56
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 57
2. FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES:
Schedule I - Condensed Financial Information of
Registrant at December 31, 1998 and 1997 and
for the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996 86
All other schedules are inapplicable or the required
information is included in the Consolidated
Financial Statements or the Notes thereto.
(B) REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
There were no reports on Form 8-K during the fourth quarter of 1998.
However, on March 24, 1999, the Company filed a current report on Form 8-K
(under Item 5) concerning the filing of a Prospectus Supplement to the
Prospectus dated December 30, 1998 of Scotia Pacific Company LLC, and
indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Registrant, concerning the
consummation of the Headwaters Agreement and certain other developments
since the date of the Prospectus.
(C) EXHIBITS
Reference is made to the Index of Exhibits immediately preceding the
exhibits hereto (beginning on page 91), which index is incorporated
herein by reference.
SCHEDULE I - CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
MAXXAM INC.
BALANCE SHEET (UNCONSOLIDATED)
(IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS, EXCEPT SHARE AMOUNTS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------
1998 1997
------------ ------------
ASSETS
<S> <C> <C>
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 34.4 $ 47.9
Marketable securities 7.7 33.2
Other current assets 18.9 13.5
------------ ------------
Total current assets 61.0 94.6
Deferred income taxes 71.5 70.1
Investment in subsidiaries 77.6 127.0
Other assets 4.1 2.3
------------ ------------
$ 214.2 $ 294.0
============ ============
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities $ 17.8 $ 20.6
Short-term borrowings and current maturities
of long-term debt 18.5 35.1
------------ ------------
Total current liabilities 36.3 55.7
Notes payable to subsidiaries, net of notes
receivable and advances 178.4 174.5
Other noncurrent liabilities 56.3 66.7
------------ ------------
Total liabilities 271.0 296.9
------------ ------------
Stockholders' deficit:
Preferred stock, $.50 par value; 12,500,000
shares authorized; Class A $.05
Non-Cumulative Participating Convertible
Preferred Stock; 669,435 shares issued .3 .3
Common stock, $.50 par value; 28,000,000
shares authorized; 5.0 5.0
10,063,359 shares issued
Additional capital 222.8 222.8
Accumulated deficit (175.7) (118.5)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss - (3.3)
Treasury stock, at cost (shares held:
preferred - 845; common: 3,062,496 and
3,062,762, respectively) (109.2) (109.2)
------------ ------------
Total stockholders' deficit (56.8) (2.9)
------------ ------------
$ 214.2 $ 294.0
============ ============
<FN>
See notes to consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.
</TABLE>
SCHEDULE I - CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT (CONTINUED)
MAXXAM INC.
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS (UNCONSOLIDATED)
(IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Investment, interest and other income $ 6.7 $ 13.4 $ .8
Intercompany interest income (expense), net (16.8) (16.6) (2.3)
Interest expense (1.9) (1.3) (7.0)
General and administrative expenses (12.8) (16.3) (32.8)
Equity in earnings (loss) of subsidiaries (47.3) 54.1 15.1
------------ ------------ ------------
Income (loss) before income taxes (72.1) 33.3 (26.2)
Credit for income taxes 14.9 31.9 49.1
------------ ------------ ------------
Net income (loss) $ (57.2) $ 65.2 $ 22.9
============ ============ ============
<FN>
See notes to consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.
</TABLE>
SCHEDULE I - CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT (CONTINUED)
MAXXAM INC.
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (UNCONSOLIDATED)
(IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Years Ended December 31,
----------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss) $ (57.2) $ 65.2 $ 22.9
Adjustments to reconcile net income
(loss) to net cash provided
by (used for) operating
activities:
Equity in (earnings) loss of
subsidiaries 47.3 (54.1) (15.1)
Net sales (purchases) of
marketable securities 31.2 (5.8) (7.1)
Amortization of deferred financing
costs and discounts on
long-term debt .2 .1 .3
Net gains on marketable securities (5.6) (8.5) (2.5)
Decrease in receivables, prepaids
and other assets (5.6) (.1) .3
Increase (decrease) in accrued and
deferred income taxes 12.0 12.2 (30.2)
Decrease in accounts payable and
other liabilities (16.0) (40.4) (.1)
Other (3.8) 6.4 4.6
------------ ------------ ------------
Net cash provided by (used
for) operating
activities 2.5 (25.0) (26.9)
------------ ------------ ------------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Dividends received from subsidiaries 10.0 - 3.9
Investments in and net advances from
(to) subsidiaries (6.7) (3.6) 49.7
Capital expenditures (.2) (.3) (.4)
------------ ------------ ------------
Net cash provided by (used
for) investing
activities 3.1 (3.9) 53.2
------------ ------------ ------------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Short-term borrowings 16.0 2.5 -
Proceeds from issuance of intercompany
note - - 125.0
Redemption, repurchase of and principal
payments on long-term debt - (42.5) (.3)
Treasury stock repurchases (35.1) (52.8) (1.8)
------------ ------------ ------------
Net cash provided by (used
for) financing
activities (19.1) (92.8) 122.9
------------ ------------ ------------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash
equivalents (13.5) (121.7) 149.2
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of
year 47.9 169.6 20.4
------------ ------------ ------------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 34.4 $ 47.9 $ 169.6
============ ============ ============
Supplementary schedule of non-cash investing
and financing activities:
Reduction of stockholders' deficit due
to redemption of Kaiser preferred
stock $ - $ 64.8 $ -
Borrowing (repayment) of short-term
debt issued to repurchase treasury
stock (35.1) 35.1 -
Deferral of interest payment on
intercompany note payable 7.8 - -
Distribution of intercompany payable
received from a subsidiary 4.1 19.8 20.0
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow
information:
Interest paid $ 1.8 $ 1.6 $ 6.7
Income taxes paid (refunded) (.3) .6 1.5
<FN>
See notes to consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.
</TABLE>
SCHEDULE I - CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT (CONTINUED)
MAXXAM INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
A. DEFERRED INCOME TAXES
The deferred income tax assets and liabilities reported in the
accompanying unconsolidated balance sheet are determined by computing such
amounts on a consolidated basis, for the Company and members of its
consolidated federal income tax return group, and then reducing such
consolidated amounts by the amounts recorded by the Company's subsidiaries
pursuant to their respective tax allocation agreements with the Company.
The Company's net deferred income tax assets relate primarily to loss and
credit carryforwards, net of valuation allowances. The Company evaluated
all appropriate factors to determine the proper valuation allowances for
these carryforwards, including any limitations concerning their use, the
year the carryforwards expire and the levels of taxable income necessary
for utilization. Based on this evaluation, the Company has concluded that
it is more likely than not that it will realize the benefit of these
carryforwards for which valuation allowances were not provided.
B. SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS
During 1998 and 1997, the Company had average short-term
borrowings outstanding of $18.6 million and $9.0 million, respectively,
under the credit facilities and notes described below. The weighted
average interest rate during 1998 and 1997 was 9.1%, and 9.8%,
respectively.
MAXXAM Loan Agreement (the "CUSTODIAL TRUST AGREEMENT")
On October 19, 1998, the Company drew down $16.0 million, the
amount available as of such date, under the Custodial Trust Agreement which
provided for up to $25.0 million in borrowings. The borrowing converted
to a term loan bearing interest at LIBOR plus 2% per annum and maturing on
October 21, 1999 as provided under the terms of the agreement. The loan is
secured by 7,915,000 shares of Kaiser common stock.
Demand Note
On November 26, 1997, the Company entered into a credit facility
with an investment bank providing for up to $25.0 million in borrowings
payable on demand. Borrowings are secured by 400,000 shares of a
subsidiary's common stock for each $1.0 million of borrowings. As of
December 31, 1998, $2.5 million of borrowings were outstanding under this
facility. No additional borrowings were available under this facility as
of December 31, 1998 as the per share market price for the Kaiser common
stock was below the $8.50 minimum required by the facility.
Notes to NL Industries, Inc. ("NL") and the Combined Master
Retirement Trust ("CMRT")
On May 14, 1998, the Company repaid the $35.1 million 10% one-
year notes issued to NL and CMRT in connection with the October 1997
repurchase of 1,277,250 shares of the Company's common stock.
C. NOTES PAYABLE TO SUBSIDIARIES, NET OF NOTES RECEIVABLE AND ADVANCES
The Company's indebtedness to its subsidiaries, which includes
accrued interest, consists of the following (in millions):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
December 31,
--------------------------
1998 1997
------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C>
Note payable, interest at 11% $ 132.8 $ 125.0
Unsecured note payable, interest at 6% 21.8 20.5
Unsecured notes payable, interest at 7% 12.2 15.4
Net advances 11.6 13.6
------------ ------------
$ 178.4 $ 174.5
============ ============
</TABLE>
In January 1999, the Company elected to defer all of the $7.3
million interest payment due to a subsidiary on February 1, 1999. The
deferred amount effectively increases the note payable balance to $140.1
million.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report
to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized,
who has signed this report on behalf of the Registrant and as the principal
financial officer of the Registrant.
MAXXAM INC.
Date: March 30, 1999 By: /S/ PAUL N. SCHWARTZ
Paul N. Schwartz
President, Chief Financial Officer
and Director
(Principal Financial Officer)
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf
of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Date: March 30, 1999 By: /S/ CHARLES E. HURWITZ
Charles E. Hurwitz
Chairman of the Board, Chief
Executive Officer and Director
Date: March 30, 1999 By: /S/ ROBERT J. CRUIKSHANK
Robert J. Cruikshank
Director
Date: March 30, 1999 By: /S/ EZRA G. LEVIN
Ezra G. Levin
Director
Date: March 30, 1999 By: /S/ STANLEY D. ROSENBERG
Stanley D. Rosenberg
Director
Date: March 30, 1999 By: /S/ PAUL N. SCHWARTZ
Paul N. Schwartz
President, Chief Financial Officer
and Director
(Principal Financial Officer)
Date: March 30, 1999 By: /S/ ELIZABETH D. BRUMLEY
Elizabeth D. Brumley
Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)
INDEX OF EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION
- ------------------ --------------------------------------------------------
3.1 Restated Certificate of Incorporation of MAXXAM Inc.
(the Company" or "MAXXAM") dated April 10, 1989
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to
the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 1989)
3.2 Certificate of Powers, Designations, Preferences and
Relative, Participating, Optional and Other Rights of
the Company's Class B Junior Participating Preferred
Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
3.2 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the
year ended December 31, 1989)
3.3 Certificate of Designations of Class A $.05 Non-
Cumulative Participating Convertible Preferred Stock of
the Company, dated July 6, 1994 (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 4(c) to the Registration
Statement of the Company on Form S-8; Registration No.
33-54479)
*3.4 Amended and Restated By-laws of the Company dated
February 19, 1999
4.1 Non-Negotiable Intercompany Note, dated December 23,
1996, executed by the Company in favor of MAXXAM
Group Holdings Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 10.8 to the Registration Statement on Form
S-4 of MAXXAM Group Holdings Inc. ("MGHI");
Registration No. 333-18723)
4.2 Secured Demand Promissory Note, dated November 26,
1997, by the Company in favor of Salomon Smith Barney
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to
the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 1997; the "Company 1997 Form 10-K")
4.3 Loan and Pledge Agreement, dated October 21, 1997,
between the Company and Custodial Trust Company
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to
the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended September 30, 1997)
4.4 Indenture, dated as of December 23, 1996, among MGHI,
as Issuer, the Company, as Guarantor, and First Bank
National Association, as Trustee, regarding the 12%
Senior Secured Notes due 2003 of MGHI ("MGHI
Indenture") (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 4.1 to MGHI's Registration Statement on Form
S-4; Registration No. 333-18723)
4.5 First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 8,
1998, to the MGHI Indenture (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q/A of MGHI for the quarter ended June 30,
1998; File No. 1-3924; the "MGHI June 1998 Form
10-Q/A")
4.6 Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 29,
1998, to the MGHI Indenture (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the MGHI June 1998 Form
10-Q/A)
4.7 Indenture, dated as of July 20, 1998, between Scotia
Pacific Company LLC ("Scotia LLC") and State Street
Bank and Trust Company ("State Street") regarding
Scotia LLC's Class A-1, Class A-2 and Class A-3 Timber
Collateralized Notes (incorporated herein by reference
to Exhibit 4.1 to Scotia LLC's Registration Statement
on Form S-4, Registration No. 333-63825; the "Scotia
LLC Registration Statement")
4.8 Indenture, dated as of December 23, 1996, among Kaiser
Aluminum & Chemical Corporation ("KACC"), as Issuer
and certain of its subsidiaries (as guarantors) and
First Trust National Association, as Trustee,
regarding KACC's 10-7/8% Series D Senior Notes due
2006 (the "10-7/8% Series D Notes Indenture")
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to
KACC's Registration Statement on Form S-4;
Registration No. 333-19143)
4.9 First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 15,
1997, to the 10-7/8% Series D Notes Indenture
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to
the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Kaiser Aluminum
Corporation ("Kaiser") for the quarter ended June 30,
1997; File No. 1-9447)
4.10 Indenture, dated as of October 23, 1996, among KACC,
as Issuer, and certain of its subsidiaries (as
guarantors) and First Trust National Association,
as Trustee, regarding KACC's 10-7/8% Series B Senior
Notes due 2006 (the 10-7/8% Series B Notes
Indenture") (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to
Kaiser's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter
ended September 30, 1996; File No. 1-9447)
4.11 First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 15,
1997, to the 10-7/8% Series B Notes Indenture
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to
Kaiser's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter
ended June 30, 1997; File No. 1-9447)
4.12 Indenture, dated as of February 1, 1993, among KACC,
as Issuer, and certain of its subsidiaries (as
guarantors) and State Street (as successor trustee to
The First National Bank of Boston), regarding KACC's
12-3/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2003 (the "KACC
Senior Subordinated Note Indenture") ( incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to KACC's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
1992; File No. 1-3605)
4.13 First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 1,
1993, to the KACC Senior Subordinated Note Indenture
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to
KACC's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter
ended June 30, 1993; File No. 1-3605)
4.14 Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February
1, 1996, to the KACC Senior Subordinated Note
Indenture (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 4.3 to Kaiser's Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 1995; File No. 1-9447)
4.15 Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 15,
1997, to the KACC Senior Subordinated Note Indenture
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to
Kaiser's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter
ended June 30, 1997; File No. 1-9447)
4.16 Indenture, dated as of February 17, 1994, among KACC,
as Issuer, and certain of its subsidiaries (as
guarantors), and First Trust National Association,
Trustee, regarding Kaiser's 9-7/8% Senior Notes due
2002 (the "9-7/8% Notes Indenture") (incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to KACC's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
1993; File No. 1-9447; the "Kaiser 1993 Form 10-K")
4.17 First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February
1, 1996, to the 9-7/8% Notes Indenture (incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to Kaiser's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
1995; File No. 1-9447)
4.18 Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 15,
1997, to the 9-7/8% Notes Indenture (incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Kaiser's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
June 30, 1997; File No. 1-9447)
4.19 Credit Agreement, dated as of February 15, 1994 (the
"Kaiser Credit Agreement"), among Kaiser, KACC,
certain financial institutions and BankAmerica
Business Credit, Inc., as Agent (incorporated herein
by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Kaiser 1993 Form
10-K)
4.20 First Amendment, dated July 21, 1994, to the Kaiser
Credit Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 4.1 to Kaiser's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended June 30, 1994; File No. 1-
9447)
4.21 Second Amendment, dated March 10, 1995, to the Kaiser
Credit Agreement (incorporated herein by reference
to Exhibit 4.6 to Kaiser's Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 1994; File No. 1-9447)
4.22 Third Amendment, dated as of July 20, 1995, to the
Kaiser Credit Agreement (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Kaiser's Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1995;
File No. 1-9447)
4.23 Fourth Amendment, dated as of October 17, 1995, to
the Kaiser Credit Agreement (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Kaiser's Quarterly Report
on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1995;
File No. 1-9447)
4.24 Fifth Amendment, dated December 11, 1995, to the
Kaiser Credit Agreement (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 4.11 to Kaiser's Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1995; File
No. 1-9447)
4.25 Sixth Amendment, dated as of October 1, 1996, to the
Kaiser Credit Agreement (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Kaiser's Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30,
1996; File No. 1-9447)
4.26 Seventh Amendment, dated as of December 17, 1996, to
the Kaiser Credit Agreement (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 4.18 to KACC's Registration
Statement on Form S-4 dated January 2, 1997; File No.
333-19143)
4.27 Eighth Amendment, dated as of February 24, 1997, to
the Kaiser Credit Agreement (incorporated herein by
reference to Kaiser's Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 1996; File No. 1-9447)
4.28 Ninth Amendment, dated as of April 21, 1997, to the
Kaiser Credit Agreement (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 4.5 to Kaiser's Quarterly Report
on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1997;
File No. 1-9447).
4.29 Tenth Amendment, dated as of June 25, 1997, to the
Kaiser Credit Agreement (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 4.6 to Kaiser's Quarterly Report
on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1997;
File No. 1-9447)
4.30 Eleventh Amendment, dated as of October 20, 1997, to
the Kaiser Credit Agreement (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 4.7 to Kaiser's Quarterly Report
on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30,
1997; File No. 1-9447)
4.31 Twelfth Amendment to Kaiser Credit Agreement, dated
as of January 13, 1998, (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 4.24 to Kaiser's Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1997;
File No. 1-9447)
4.32 Thirteenth Amendment to Kaiser Credit Agreement,
dated as of July 20, 1998 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4 to Kaiser's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for
the quarterly period ended June 30, 1998; File No.
1-9447).
4.33 Fourteenth Amendment to Kaiser Credit Agreement,
dated as of December 11, 1998 (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 4.26 to Kaiser's Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1998;
File No. 1-9447).
4.34 Fifteenth Amendment to Kaiser Credit Agreement dated
as of February 23, 1999 (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 4.27 to Kaiser's Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1998;
File No. 1-9447).
4.35 Sixteenth Amendment to Kaiser Credit Agreement dated
as of March 25, 1999 (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 4.28 to Kaiser's Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1998;
File No. 1-9447).
4.36 Amended and Restated Credit Agreement between Pacific
Lumber and Bank of America National Trust and
Savings Association, dated as of December 18, 1998
(the "Pacific Lumber Credit Agreement"; incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the MGHI 1998
Form 10-K)
4.37 Credit Agreement, dated as of July 20, 1998, among
Scotia LLC, the financial institutions party thereto
and Bank of America National Trust and Savings
Association, as agent (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q/A of the Company for the quarter ended
June 30, 1998)
4.38 Amended and Restated Indenture, dated October 6,
1995, by and among Sam Houston Race Park, Ltd. ("SHRP"),
New SHRP Capital Corp., SHRP General Partner, Inc. and
First Bank National Association, Trustee
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to
the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of SHRP for the
quarter ended June 30, 1995; File No. 33-67738)
Note: Pursuant to Regulation Section 229.601, Item
601(b)(4)(iii) of Regulation S-K, upon request of the
Securities and Exchange Commission, the Company
hereby agrees to furnish a copy of any unfiled
instrument which defines the rights of holders of
long-term debt of the Company and its consolidated
subsidiaries (and for any of its unconsolidated
subsidiaries for which financial statements are
required to be filed) wherein the total amount of
securities authorized thereunder does not exceed 10
percent of the total consolidated assets of the
Company
*4.39 Loan Agreement, effective as of October 30, 1998, by
and among MCO Properties Inc., MCO Properties L.P.,
Horizon Corporation, Horizon Properties Corporation,
Westcliff Development Corporation and Southwest Bank
of Texas, N.A.
*4.40 Amendment to Loan Agreement, dated as of February 26,
1999, by and among MCO Properties Inc., MCO Properties
L.P., Horizon Corporation, Horizon Properties
Corporation, Westcliff Development Corporation and
Southwest Bank of Texas, N.A.
10.1 Tax Allocation Agreement, dated December 23, 1996,
between the Company and MGHI (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to MGHI's Registration
Statement on Form S-4; Registration No. 333-18723)
10.2 Tax Allocation Agreement, dated as of December 21,
1989, between the Company and KACC (incorporated herein
by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to Amendment No. 6 to the
Registration Statement of KACC on Form S-1;
Registration No. 33-30645)
10.3 Tax Allocation Agreement, dated as of February 26,
1991, between Kaiser and the Company (incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to Amendment No.
2 to the Registration Statement of Kaiser on Form S-
1; Registration No. 33-37895)
10.4 Tax Allocation Agreement, dated August 4, 1993,
between the Company and MGI (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Amendment No. 2 to the
Form S-2 Registration Statement of MGI; Registration
No. 33-56332)
10.5 Tax Allocation Agreement, dated as of May 21, 1988,
among the Company, MGI, Pacific Lumber and the
corporations signatory thereto (incorporated herein
by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to Pacific Lumber's
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 1988; File No. 1-9204)
10.6 Tax Allocation Agreement, dated as of March 23, 1993,
among Pacific Lumber, Scotia Pacific Holding Company
("Scotia Pacific"), Salmon Creek Corporation and the
Company (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
10.1 to Amendment No. 3 to the Form S-1 Registration
Statement of Scotia Pacific; Registration No. 33-
55538)
10.7 Tax Allocation Agreement, dated as of July 3, 1990,
between the Company and Britt Lumber Co., Inc.
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to
MGI's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year
ended December 31, 1993; File No. 1-8857)
10.8 Senior Subordinated Intercompany Note, dated February
15, 1994, executed by KACC in favor of Kaiser
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.22 to
the Kaiser 1993 Form 10-K)
10.9 Senior Subordinated Intercompany Note, dated March
17, 1994, executed by KACC in favor of Kaiser
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.23 to
the Kaiser 1993 Form 10-K)
10.10 Intercompany Note, dated December 21, 1989, executed
by Kaiser in favor of KACC (the "Kaiser Intercompany
Note," incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
10.10 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 1996; File No. 1-3924)
10.11 Confirmation of Amendment to the Kaiser Intercompany
Note, dated as of October 6, 1993 (incorporated herein
by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Company's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
1996; File No. 1-3924)
10.12 Third Amended and Restated Limited Partnership
Agreement of Sam Houston Race Park, Ltd., dated as of
October 6, 1995 (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 3.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of
SHRP for the quarter ended June 30, 1995; File No.
33-67738)
10.13 Agreement, dated September 28, 1996, among MAXXAM
Inc., The Pacific Lumber Company (on behalf of itself,
its subsidiaries and its affiliates), the United States
of America and the State of California (the
"Headwaters Agreement") (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 8-K
dated September 28, 1996)
10.14 Implementation Agreement with Regard to Habitat
Conservation Plan for the Properties of Pacific Lumber,
Scotia LLC and Salmon Creek dated February 1999 by and
among The United States Fish and Wildlife Service,
the National Marine Fisheries Service, the California
Department of Fish and Game ("CDF&G"), the California
Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (the
"CDF") and Pacific Lumber, Salmon Creek and
Scotia LLC (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 99.3 to Scotia LLC's Form 8-K dated March 19,
1999; File No. 333-63825)
10.15 Agreement Relating to Enforcement of AB 1986 dated
February 25, 1999 by and among The California Resources
Agency, CDF&G, The California Department of Forestry,
The California Wildlife Conservation Board (the
"CWCB"), Pacific Lumber, Salmon Creek and Scotia LLC
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.4 to
Scotia LLC's Form 8-K dated March 19, 1999; File No.
333-63825)
10.16 Habitat Conservation Plan dated February 1999 for
the Properties of Pacific Lumber, Scotia Pacific Holding
Company and Salmon Creek (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 99.5 to Scotia LLC's Form 8-K
dated March 19, 1999; File No. 333-63825)
10.17 Agreement for Transfer of Grizzly Creek and Escrow
Instructions and Option Agreement dated February 26,
1999 by and between Pacific Lumber and the State of
California acting by and through the CWCB Board
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.6 to
Scotia LLC's Form 8-K dated March 19, 1999; File No.
333-63825)
10.18 Agreement for Transfer of Owl Creek and Escrow
Instructions and Option Agreement dated February 26,
1999 by and between the Company and the State of
California acting by and through the CWCB
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.7 to
Scotia LLC's Form 8-K dated March 19, 1999; File No.
333-63825)
10.19 Letter dated February 25, 1999 from the CDF to Pacific
Lumber (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
99.8 to Scotia LLC's Form 8-K dated March 19, 1999;
File No. 333-63825)
10.20 Letter dated March 1, 1999 from the CDF to Pacific
Lumber (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
99.9 to Scotia LLC's Form 8-K dated March 19, 1999,
File No. 333-63825)
10.21 Letter dated March 1, 1999 from the U.S. Department
of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S.
Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration to Pacific Lumber, Salmon Creek and
the Company (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 99.10 to Scotia LLC's Form 8-K dated March 19,
1999; File No. 333-63825)
10.22 Escrow Agreement dated as of March 1, 1999 ("Escrow
Agreement") among Pacific Lumber, Salmon Creek and
Citibank, N.A. (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 10.15 to Scotia LLC's Annual Report on Form
10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998;
File No. 333-63825)
10.23 Amendment to Escrow Agreement dated as of March 26,
1999 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
10.16 to Scotia LLC's Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998; File No.
333-63825)
Executive Compensation Plans and Arrangements
10.24 MAXXAM 1994 Omnibus Employee Incentive Plan
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99 to the
Company's Proxy Statement dated April 29, 1994; the
"Company 1994 Proxy Statement")
10.25 Form of Stock Option Agreement under the MAXXAM 1994
Omnibus Employee Incentive Plan (incorporated herein
by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to the Company's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
1994)
10.26 MAXXAM 1994 Non-Employee Director Stock Plan
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99 to the
Company 1994 Proxy Statement)
10.27 Amendment No. 1 to the MAXXAM 1994 Non-Employee Director
Stock Plan (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 10.22 to the Company s Annual Report on Form
10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997)
10.28 Form of Stock Option Agreement under the MAXXAM 1994
Non-Employee Director Plan (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 10.32 to the Company's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
1994)
10.29 Form of Deferred Fee Agreement under the MAXXAM 1994
Non-Employee Director Plan (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 10.26 to the Company's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December
31, 1996)
10.30 MAXXAM 1994 Executive Bonus Plan (incorporated herein
by reference to Exhibit 99 to the Company 1994 Proxy
Statement)
10.31 MAXXAM Revised Capital Accumulation Plan of 1988, as
amended December 12, 1988 (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30,
1995)
10.32 The Company's 1984 Phantom Share Plan, as amended (the
"Company Phantom Share Plan") (incorporated herein
by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
1990; the "Company 1990 Form 10-K")
10.33 Amendment, dated as of March 8, 1990, relating to the
Company Phantom Share Plan (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company 1990 Form 10-K)
10.34 Form of Phantom Share Agreement relating to the
Company Phantom Share Plan (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Company's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
1988)
10.35 MAXXAM Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10(ii) to
MGI's Registration Statement on Form S-4 on Form S-2;
Registration No. 33-42300)
10.36 Form of Company Deferred Compensation Agreement
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.35 to
the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 1995)
10.37 Kaiser 1993 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to KACC's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June
30, 1993; File No. 1-3605)
10.38 Form of Stock Option Agreement under the Kaiser 1993
Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 10.41 to the Company's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
1994)
10.39 KACC's Bonus Plan (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 10.25 to Amendment No. 6 to the Registration
Statement of KACC on Form S-1; Registration No.
33-30645)
10.40 Kaiser 1995 Employee Incentive Compensation Program
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to
Kaiser's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended March 31, 1995; File No. 1-9447)
10.41 Kaiser 1995 Executive Incentive Compensation Program
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99 to
Kaiser's Proxy Statement dated April 26, 1995)
10.42 Kaiser 1997 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan
(incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Proxy
Statement, dated April 29, 1997, filed by Kaiser;
File No. 1-9447)
10.43 Form of Deferred Fee Agreement between Kaiser, KACC,
and directors of Kaiser and KACC (incorporated herein
by reference to Exhibit 10 to Kaiser's Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31,
1998; File No. 1-9447)
10.44 Employment Agreement between KACC and John T. La Duc
made effective for the period from January 1, 1998 to
December 31, 2002 (incorporated herein by reference
to Exhibit 10.5 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
of Kaiser for the quarter ended September 30, 1998;
File No. 1-9447; the "Kaiser September 1998 Form 10-
Q")
10.45 Time-Based Stock Option Grant pursuant to the Kaiser
1997 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan to John T. La Duc
effective July 10, 1998 (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Kaiser September 1998
Form 10-Q)
10.46 Description of Kaiser Severance Protection and Change of
Control Benefits Program (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 10.22 to Kaiser's Annual Report
in Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31,
1998; File No. 1-9447)
*21 List of the Company's Subsidiaries
*23 Consent of Arthur Andersen LLP
*27 Financial Data Schedule
- ---------------
* Included with this filing
AMENDED AND RESTATED BY-LAWS
OF
MAXXAM INC.
Amended February 19, 1999
ARTICLE I
OFFICES
Section 1. Registered Office. The corporation shall maintain a
registered office in the State of Delaware as required by law.
Section 2. Other Offices. The corporation may also have offices
at other places, within or without the State of Delaware, as the Board of
Directors may from time to time designate or the business of the
corporation may require.
ARTICLE II
STOCKHOLDERS
Section 1. Place of Meetings. All meetings of stockholders shall
be held at such places, either within or without the State of Delaware, as
may be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors.
Section 2. Annual Meeting. Annual meetings of stockholders shall
be held on such date during the month of May or June of each year, or such
other date as may be determined by the Board of Directors, and at such time
as may be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors. At each annual
meeting of stockholders, the stockholders shall elect directors by a
plurality vote, and may transact such other business as may properly be
brought before the meeting. The Board of Directors acting by resolution
may postpone and reschedule any previously scheduled annual meeting of
stockholders.
Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the
corporation and the proposal of business to be considered by the
stockholders may be made at an annual meeting of stockholders (a) pursuant
to the corporation's notice of meeting, (b) by or at the direction of the
Board of Directors, or (c) by any stockholder of the corporation who was a
stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice, who is entitled to
vote at the meeting and who complied with the applicable notice procedures.
The provisions governing the required notice are set forth in (i) the
Fifteenth paragraph of the corporation's Restated Certificate of
Incorporation for purposes of nominations for directors, and (ii) this By-
Law for purposes of proposal of other business.
For business, other than nominations for directors, to be properly
brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to clause (c) of
the foregoing paragraph of this By-Law, the stockholder must have given
timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the corporation. To
be timely, a stockholder's notice shall be delivered to the Secretary at
the principal executive offices of the corporation not less than 60 days
nor more than 90 days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding
year's annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the date
of the annual meeting is advanced by more than 30 days or delayed by more
than 60 days from such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder to be
timely must be so delivered not earlier than the 90th day prior to such
annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the
60th day prior to such annual meeting or the 10th day following the day on
which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made. Such
stockholder's notice shall set forth, as to any other business that the
stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting, a brief description of
the business desired to be brought before the meeting, the reasons for
conducting such business at the meeting and any material interest in such
business of such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose
behalf the nomination or proposal is made as well as (i) the name and
address of such stockholder, as they appear on the corporation's books, and
of such beneficial owner, if applicable, and (ii) the class and number of
shares of the corporation which are owned beneficially and of record by
such stockholder and such beneficial owner, if applicable.
In addition to the information required in the Fifteenth paragraph of
the corporation's Restated Certificate of Incorporation, any stockholder's
notice relating to nominations for directors shall set forth all
information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in
solicitation of proxies for election of directors, or is otherwise
required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") (including such
person's written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee
and to serving as a director if elected).
Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, in the event that the
number of directors to be elected to the Board of Directors of the
corporation is increased and there is no public announcement naming all of
the nominees for director or specifying the size of the increased Board of
Directors made by the corporation at least 70 days prior to the first
anniversary of the preceding year's annual meeting, a stockholder's notice
required by this By-Law shall also be considered timely, but only with
respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it
shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of
the corporation not later than the close of business on the 10th day
following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the
corporation.
Only such persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures
set forth in the corporation's Restated Certificate of Incorporation and
these By-Laws shall be eligible to serve as directors and only such
business shall be conducted at an annual meeting of stockholders as shall
have been brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures set
forth in this By-Law. The chairman of the meeting shall have the power and
duty to determine whether any nomination or business proposed to be brought
before the meeting was made in accordance with the procedures set forth in
the corporation's Restated Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws,
as applicable, and if any proposed nomination or business is not in
compliance with the corporation's Restated Certificate of Incorporation or
these By-Laws, as applicable, to declare that such defective nomination or
proposal shall be disregarded.
For purposes of this By-Law, "public announcement" shall mean
disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Services,
Associated Press or comparable national news service or in a document
publicly filed by the corporation with the Securities and Exchange
Commission pursuant to Sections 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.
Notwithstanding the Fifteenth paragraph of the corporation's Restated
Certificate of Incorporation or the foregoing provisions of this By-Law, a
stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the
Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the
matters set forth in the Fifteenth paragraph of the corporation's Restated
Certificate of Incorporation and this By-Law. Nothing in the Fifteenth
paragraph of the corporation's Restated Certificate of Incorporation or
this By-Law shall be deemed to affect any rights of stockholders to request
inclusion of proposals in the corporation's proxy statement pursuant to
Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act.
Section 3. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the stockholders
for any purpose or purposes may only be called by the Board of Directors as
required by the Sixteenth paragraph of the corporation's Restated
Certificate of Incorporation. The power of stockholders to call a special
meeting is specifically denied in the corporation's Restated Certificate of
Incorporation. Business transacted at all special meetings shall be
confined to the specific purpose or purposes of the persons authorized to
request such special meeting as set forth in this Section 3 and only such
purpose or purposes shall be set forth in the notice of such meeting. The
Board of Directors acting by resolution may postpone and reschedule any
previously scheduled special meeting of stockholders.
Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be
made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be
elected (a) pursuant to the corporation's notice of meeting (b) by or at
the direction of the Board of Directors or (c) by any stockholder of the
corporation who is a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice
provided for in this By-Law, who shall be entitled to vote at the meeting
and who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this By-Law.
Nominations by stockholders of persons for election to the Board of
Directors may be made at such a special meeting of stockholders if the
stockholder's notice required by the third paragraph of Section 2 of
Article II of these By-Laws shall be delivered to the Secretary at the
principal executive offices of the corporation not earlier than the 90th
day prior to such special meeting and not later than the close of business
on the later of the 60th day prior to such special meeting or the 10th day
following the day on which public announcement is first made of the date of
the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the Board of Directors
to be elected at such meeting.
Only such persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures
set forth in these By-Laws shall be eligible to serve as directors and only
such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of the stockholders
as shall have been brought before the meeting in accordance with the
procedures set forth in this By-Law. The chairman of the meeting shall
have the power and duty to determine whether any nomination or business
proposed to be brought before the meeting was made in compliance with the
procedures set forth in this By-Law, and if any proposed nomination or
business is not in compliance, to declare that such defective nomination or
proposal shall be disregarded.
Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this By-Law, a stockholder
shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and
the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth
in this By-Law. Nothing in this By-Law shall be deemed to affect any
rights of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the
corporation's proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange
Act.
Section 4. Notice of Meetings. Written or printed notice of all
meetings of the stockholders shall be mailed or delivered to each
stockholder entitled to vote thereat at least ten, but not more than sixty,
days prior to the meeting. Notice of any special meeting shall state in
general terms the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is to be held,
and no other business shall be transacted thereat except as stated in such
notice.
Section 5. Quorum; Adjournments of Meetings. The holders of
outstanding shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to cast a majority
of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of all classes of capital
stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in elections of
directors, considered for this purpose as one class, present in person or
represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of
business at all meetings of the stockholders, but if there be less than a
quorum, the holders of shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to cast
a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of all classes
of the Corporation's capital stock so present or represented may adjourn
the meeting from time to time until a quorum shall be present, whereupon
the meeting may be held, as adjourned, without further notice, except as
required by law, and any business may be transacted thereat that might have
been transacted on the original date of the meeting. In the event that at
any meeting there are not present, in person or by proxy, holders of shares
of stock of the Corporation entitled to cast that number of votes which may
be required by the laws of the State of Delaware, or other applicable
statute, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, for action upon
any given matter, action may nevertheless be taken at such meeting upon any
other matter or matters which may properly come before the meeting if there
shall be present thereat, in person or by proxy, holders of shares of stock
of the Corporation entitled to cast that number of votes required for
action in respect of such other matter or matters.
Section 6. Voting. At any meeting of the stockholders every
registered owner of shares entitled to vote may vote in person or by proxy
and, except as otherwise provided by statute, in the Certificate of
Incorporation or these By-Laws, shall have one vote for each such share
standing in his/her or its name on the books of the corporation. Except
as otherwise required by statute, the Certificate of Incorporation or these
By-Laws, all matters, other than the election of directors, brought before
any meeting of the stockholder shall be decided by a vote of a majority in
interest of the stockholders of the corporation present in person or by
proxy at such meeting and voting thereon, a quorum being present.
Section 7. Inspectors of Election. The Board of Directors, or, if
the Board shall not have made the appointment, the chairman presiding at
any meeting of stockholders, shall have power to appoint one or more
persons to act as inspectors of election, to receive, canvass and report
the votes cast by the stockholders at such meeting or any adjournment
thereof, but no candidate for the office of director shall be appointed as
an inspector at any meeting for the election of directors.
Section 8. Chairman of Meetings. The Chairman of the Board of
Directors or, in his absence, the President, shall preside at all meetings
of the stockholders. In the absence of both the Chairman of the Board and
the President, a majority of the members of the Board of Directors present
in person at such meeting may appoint any other officer or director to act
as chairman of any meeting.
Section 9. Secretary of Meetings. The Secretary or an Assistant
Secretary of the corporation shall act as secretary of all meetings of the
stockholders, and, in their absence, the chairman of the meeting shall
appoint any other person to act as secretary of the meeting.
Section 10. List of Stockholders. It shall be the duty of the
officer of the corporation who has charge of the stock ledger of the
corporation to prepare and make, at least ten days before every meeting of
stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at said
meeting (the "stockholder list"), arranged in alphabetical order and
showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered
in his/her or its name. The stockholder list shall be open to the
examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting,
during ordinary business hours, for such ten day period either at a place
within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be
specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so specified, at the
place where said meeting is to be held. The stockholder list shall also be
produced and kept at the place of the meeting during the whole time
thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who may be present at said
meeting.
Section 11. Procedural Rules. The Board of Directors of the
corporation shall be entitled to make such rules or regulations for the
conduct of meetings of stockholders as it shall deem necessary, appropriate
or convenient. Subject to such rules and regulations of the Board of
Directors, if any, the chairman of the meeting shall have the right and
authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all
such acts as, in the proper conduct of the meeting, including, without
limitation, establishing an agenda or order of business of the meeting,
rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of
those present, limitations on participation in such meeting to stockholders
of record of the corporation and their duly authorized and constituted
proxies, and such other persons as the chairman of the meeting shall
permit, restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the
commencement thereof, limitations on the time allotted to questions or
comment by participants and regulation of the opening and closing of the
polls for balloting determined by the Board of Directors or the chairman of
the meeting. Meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in
accordance with rules of parliamentary procedure.
ARTICLE III
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Section 1. General Powers. Except as otherwise provided in the
Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, the property, business and
affairs of the corporation shall be managed and controlled by the Board of
Directors. The Board may exercise all such authority and powers of the
corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or
the Certificate of Incorporation directed or required to be exercised or
done by the stockholders.
Section 2. Number of Directors. The number of directors of the
corporation (exclusive of directors to be elected by the holders of any one
or more classes or series of Preferred Stock of the corporation or any
other class or series of stock of the corporation, which may at some time
be outstanding, voting separately as a class or classes) shall not be less
than three nor more than fourteen, and may be changed from time to time by
action of not less than a majority of the members of the Board then in
office. Whenever the words "whole Board," "entire Board" or "total number
of directors" are used in these By-Laws, such words shall mean the number
of directors fixed by the Board and then in effect in accordance with the
provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws.
Section 3. Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of the Board of
Directors, of which no notice shall be necessary, shall be held immediately
following the annual meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof at
the principal office, if any, of the corporation in the city in which the
annual meeting of stockholders was held at which any of such directors were
elected, or at such other place as a majority of the members of the newly
elected Board who are then present shall determine, for the election or
appointment of officers for the ensuing year and the transaction of such
other business as may be brought before such meeting.
Section 4. Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of
Directors, other than the annual meeting, shall be held at such times and
places, and on such notice, if any, as the Board of Directors may from time
to time determine.
Section 5. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of
Directors may be called by order of the Chairman of the Board or the
President or may be called at the request of any two directors. Notice of
the time and place of each special meeting shall be given by or at the
direction of the Secretary of the corporation or an Assistant Secretary of
the corporation, or, in their absence, by the person or persons calling the
meeting by mailing the same at least five days before the meeting or by
telephoning, telegraphing or delivering personally the same at least
twenty-four hours before the meeting to each director. Except as otherwise
specified in the notice thereof, or as required by statute, the Certificate
of Incorporation or these By-Laws, any and all business may be transacted
at any special meeting.
Section 6. Attendance By Communications Equipment. Unless
otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, members of the
Board of Directors or of any committee designated by the Board may
participate in a meeting of the Board or any such committee by means of
conference telephone or similar communications equipment whereby all
persons participating in the meeting can hear each other. Participation in
any meeting by such means shall constitute presence in person at such
meeting. Any meeting at which one or more members of the Board of
Directors or of any committee designated by the Board shall participate by
means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment shall be
deemed to have been held at the place designated for such meeting, provided
that at least one member is at such place while participating in the
meeting.
Section 7. Organization. Every meeting of the Board of Directors
shall be presided over by the Chairman of the Board or, in his absence, the
President. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board and the President,
a presiding officer shall be chosen by a majority of the directors present.
The Secretary of the corporation, or, in his absence, an Assistant
Secretary of the corporation, shall act as secretary of the meeting, but,
in their absence, the presiding officer may appoint any person to act as
secretary of the meeting.
Section 8. Quorum; Vote. A majority of the directors then in
office (but in no event less than one-third of the total number of
directors) shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, but
less than a quorum may adjourn any meeting to another time or place from
time to time until a quorum shall be present, whereupon the meeting may be
held, as adjourned, without further notice. Except as otherwise required
by statute, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, all matters
coming before any meeting of the Board of Directors shall be decided by the
vote of a majority of the directors present at the meeting, a quorum being
present.
Section 9. Compensation. The directors shall receive such
compensation for their services as directors and as members of any
committee appointed by the Board as may be prescribed by the Board of
Directors and shall be reimbursed by the Corporation for ordinary and
reasonable expenses incurred in the performance of their duties, and the
foregoing shall not be construed as prohibiting the payment to any director
of compensation for services rendered in any other capacity.
ARTICLE IV
COMMITTEES
Section 1. Executive Committee. The Board of Directors may, by
resolution passed by a majority of the whole Board, designate from among
its members an Executive Committee to consist of three or more members and
may designate one of such members as chairman. The Board may also
designate one or more of its members as alternates to serve as a member or
members of the Executive Committee in the absence of a regular member or
members. Except as provided in Section 4 of this Article IV, the
Executive Committee shall have and may exercise all the powers and
authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and
affairs of the corporation, and the Executive Committee may authorize the
seal of the corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it.
Section 2. Other Committees. The Board of Directors, acting by a
majority of the whole Board, may also appoint from among its own members or
otherwise such other committees as the Board may determine, to have such
powers and duties as shall from time to time be prescribed by the Board and
which, in the discretion of the Board, may be designated as committees of
the Board.
Section 3. Quorum and Discharge. A majority of the entire
committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business of any
committee and may fix its rules of procedure. The Board of Directors may
discharge any committee either with or without cause at any time.
Section 4. Powers of Committees. No committee designated or
appointed by the Board of Directors shall have the power or authority of
the Board in reference to (a) amending the Certificate of Incorporation,
(b) adopting an agreement of merger or consolidation, (c) recommending to
the stockholders the sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of
the corporation's property and assets, (d) recommending to the stockholders
a dissolution of the corporation or a revocation of a dissolution, (e)
amending the By-Laws of the corporation, (f) declaring dividends, (g)
designating committees, (h) filling vacancies among committee members or
(i) removing officers. The Executive Committee shall have the power and
authority of the Board to authorize the issuance of shares of capital stock
of the corporation of any class or any series of any class.
Section 5. Committee Meetings. Regular meetings of any committee
designated or appointed by the Board of Directors shall be held at such
times and places and on such notice, if any, as the committee may from time
to time determine. Special meetings of any committee designated or
appointed by the Board may be called by order of the Chairman of the Board,
Vice Chairman of the Board, President of the corporation, Chairman of the
committee or any two members of any such committee. Notice shall be given
of the time and place of each special meeting by mailing the same at least
two days before the meeting or by telephoning, telegraphing or delivering
personally the same at least twenty-four hours before the meeting to each
committee member. Except as otherwise specified in the notice thereof or
as required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, any
and all business may be transacted at any regular or special meeting of a
committee. The Secretary of the corporation shall keep the minutes of the
meetings of all committees designated or appointed by the Board of
Directors and shall be the custodian of all corporation records.
ARTICLE V
OFFICERS
Section 1. General. The Board of Directors shall elect the
following executive officers: a Chairman of the Board, a President, one or
more Vice Presidents and a Secretary; and it may elect or appoint from time
to time such other or additional officers as in its opinion are desirable
for the conduct of the business of the corporation.
Section 2. Term of Office: Removal and Vacancy. Each officer
shall hold his/her office until his/her successor is elected and qualified
or until his/her earlier resignation or removal. Any officer or agent shall
be subject to removal with or without cause at any time by the Board of
Directors. Vacancies in any office, whether occurring by death,
resignation, removal or otherwise, may be filled at any regular or special
meeting of the Board of Directors.
Section 3. Powers and Duties. Each of the officers of the
corporation shall, unless otherwise ordered by the Board of Directors, have
such powers and duties as generally pertain to his/her respective office as
well as such powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred upon
him/her by the Board of Directors. Unless otherwise ordered by the Board
of Directors after the adoption of these By-Laws, the Chairman of the
Board, or, when the office of Chairman of the Board is vacant, the
President, shall be the chief executive officer of the corporation.
Section 4. Power to Vote Stock. Unless otherwise ordered by the
Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board and the President each shall
have full power and authority on behalf of the corporation to attend and to
vote at any meeting of stockholders of any corporation in which this
corporation may hold stock, and may exercise on behalf of this corporation
any and all of the rights and powers incident to the ownership of such
stock at any such meeting and shall have power and authority to execute and
deliver proxies, waivers and consents on behalf of the corporation in
connection with the exercise by the corporation of the rights and powers
incident to the ownership of such stock. The Board of Directors, from time
to time, may confer like powers upon any other person or persons.
ARTICLE VI
CAPITAL STOCK
Section 1. Certificates of Stock. Certificates for stock of the
corporation shall be in such form as the Board of Directors may from time
to time prescribe and shall be signed by the Chairman of the Board or a
Vice Chairman of the Board or the President or a Vice President and by the
Secretary of the corporation or an Assistant Secretary of the corporation.
Section 2. Transfer of Stock. Shares of capital stock of the
corporation shall be transferable on the books of the corporation only by
the holder of record thereof, in person or by duly authorized attorney,
upon surrender and cancellation of certificates for a like number of
shares, with an assignment or power of transfer endorsed thereon or
delivered therewith, duly executed, and with such proof of the authenticity
of the signature and of authority to transfer, and of payment of transfer
taxes, as the corporation or its agents may require.
Section 3. Ownership of Stock. The corporation shall be entitled
to treat the holder of record of any share or shares of stock as the owner
thereof in fact and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other
claim to or interest in such shares on the part of any other person,
whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as
otherwise expressly provided by law.
ARTICLE VII
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 1. Corporate Seal. The seal of the corporation shall be
circular in form and shall contain the name of the corporation and the year
and State of incorporation. The Secretary of the corporation shall be the
custodian of the seal of the corporation.
Section 2. Fiscal Year. The Board of Directors shall have power
to fix, and from time to time to change, the fiscal year of the
corporation.
Section 3. Waiver of Notice. Any notice required to be given
under the provisions of these By-Laws or otherwise may be waived by the
stockholder, director, member of any committee or officer to whom such
notice is required to be given, before or after the meeting or other action
of which notice was required to be given.
ARTICLE VIII
AMENDMENT
The Board of Directors shall have the power to make, alter or repeal
the By-Laws of the corporation subject to the power of the stockholders to
alter or repeal the By-Laws made or altered by the Board of Directors.
ARTICLE IX
INDEMNIFICATION
Section 1. Obligation to Indemnify. This corporation shall, to
the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, as in effect from time to
time (but, in the case of any amendment of the Delaware General Corporation
Law or the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, only to the extent that
such amendment permits this corporation to provide broader indemnification
rights than said laws permitted this corporation to provide prior to such
amendment), indemnify each person who is or was a director, manager or
officer of this corporation or of any of its wholly owned subsidiaries at
any time on or after August 1, 1988, who was or is a party or is threatened
to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or
proceeding, or was or is involved in any action, suit or proceeding,
whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative hereinafter a
"proceeding"), by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director,
manager, officer, employee or agent of this corporation or of any of its
wholly owned subsidiaries, or is or was at any time serving, at the request
of this corporation or any of its wholly owned subsidiaries, any other
corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or
other enterprise in any capacity against all expense, liability and loss
(including, but not limited to, attorneys' fees, judgments, fines, excise
taxes or penalties (with respect to any employee benefit plan or
otherwise), and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement) incurred or
suffered by such director, manager, officer, employee or agent in
connection with such proceeding; provided, however, that, except as
provided in Section 5 of this ARTICLE IX, this corporation shall not be
obligated to indemnify any person under this ARTICLE IX in connection with
a proceeding (or part thereof) if such proceeding (or part thereof) was not
authorized by the Board of Directors of this corporation and was initiated
by such person against (i) this corporation or any of its subsidiaries,
(ii) any person who is or was a director, manager, officer, employee or
agent of this corporation or any of its subsidiaries and/or (iii) any
person or entity which is or was controlled, controlled by, or under common
control with, this corporation or has or had business relations with this
corporation or any of its subsidiaries.
Section 2. Contract Right; Advance Payment of Expenses. The right
to indemnification conferred in this ARTICLE IX shall be a contract right,
shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, manager or
officer of this corporation or of any of its wholly owned subsidiaries and
shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, executors and
administrators, and shall include the right to be paid by this corporation
the expenses incurred in connection with the defense or investigation of
any such proceeding in advance of its final disposition; provided, however,
that, if and to the extent that Delaware law so requires, the payment of
such expenses in advance of the final disposition of a proceeding shall be
made only upon delivery to this corporation of an undertaking, by or on
behalf of such director, manager or officer or former director, manager or
officer, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be
determined that such director, manager or officer or former director,
manager or officer is not entitled to be indemnified by this corporation.
Section 3. Vesting of Rights. The corporation's obligation to
indemnify and to pay expenses in advance of the final disposition of a
proceeding under this ARTICLE IX shall arise, and all rights and
protections granted to directors, managers and officers under this ARTICLE
IX shall vest, at the time of the occurrence of the transaction or event to
which any proceeding relates, or at the time that the action or conduct to
which any proceeding relates was first taken or engaged in (or omitted to
be taken or engaged in), regardless of when any proceeding is first
threatened, commenced or completed.
Section 4. Continuing of Obligations. Notwithstanding any other
provision of these By-laws or the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of
this corporation, no action by this corporation, either by amendment to or
repeal of this ARTICLE IX or the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of
this corporation or otherwise shall diminish or adversely affect any right
or protection granted under this ARTICLE IX to any director, manager or
officer or former director, manager or officer of this corporation or of
any of its wholly-owned subsidiaries which shall have become vested as
aforesaid prior to the date that any such amendment, repeal or other
corporate action is taken.
Section 5. Right to Sue for Unpaid Claims. If a claim for
indemnification and/or for payment of expenses in advance of the final
disposition of a proceeding arising under this ARTICLE IX is not paid in
full by this corporation within thirty days after a written claim has been
received by this corporation, the claimant may at any time thereafter bring
suit against this corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim
and, if successful in whole or in part, the claimant shall be entitled to
be paid also the expense of prosecuting such claim.
Section 6. Non-Exclusivity. The right to indemnification and the
payment of expenses incurred in connection with the defense or
investigation of a proceeding in advance of its final disposition conferred
in this ARTICLE IX shall not be exclusive of any other right which any
person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the
By-Laws, Restated Certificate of Incorporation, agreement, vote of
stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise. This corporation may
also indemnify all other persons to the fullest extent permitted by
Delaware law.
Section 7. Effective Date. The provisions of this ARTICLE IX
shall apply to any proceeding commenced on or after August 1, 1988. The
provisions of this ARTICLE IX of this corporation's By-Laws, as in effect
on July 31, 1988, shall govern indemnification in respect of any proceeding
commenced prior to August 1, 1988 and in respect of any rights to
indemnification or prepayment of expenses granted under the provisions of
said ARTICLE IX which shall have become vested.
ARTICLE X
LIABILITY INSURANCE
The corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any
person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the
corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a
director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership,
joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against any liability asserted
against him or her and incurred by him or her in any such capacity, or
arising out of his status as such, whether or not the corporation would
have the power to indemnify him or her against such liability under the
provisions of ARTICLE IX hereof.
LOAN AGREEMENT
This Loan Agreement (the "Agreement") is entered into by and between
MCO PROPERTIES INC., a Delaware corporation, MCO PROPERTIES L.P., a
Delaware limited partnership, HORIZON CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation,
HORIZON PROPERTIES CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation, and WESTCLIFF
DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, a Texas corporation (collectively, "Borrower"),
and SOUTHWEST BANK OF TEXAS, N.A., a national banking association
("Lender") effective as of October 27, 1998. Borrower has requested and
Lender has agreed to lend to Borrower the sum of up to $14,000,000.00, upon
the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein. In consideration
for the above premises and the mutual promises and covenants herein
contained, Borrower and Lender do hereby agree as follows:
1. Loan.
(a) On the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this
Agreement, Lender agrees to lend to Borrower up to $14,000,000.00 (the
"Loan"). The Loan shall be evidenced by a Revolving Credit Note (the
"Note") in a form satisfactory to Lender, duly executed by Borrower in the
principal amount of $14,000,000.00 and made payable to the order of Lender.
Principal and interest on the Note shall be due and payable in the manner
and at the times set forth in the Note with final maturity (the "Maturity
Date") on October 1, 2000; provided however, that upon the request of
Borrower and the consent of Lender, which consent shall not be unreasonably
withheld, but may be conditioned upon: (i) Lender's review of the credit
standing and financial condition of the Borrower, and (ii) no Events of
Default (as hereinafter defined) hereunder, the final maturity shall be
October 1, 2001. The availability or proceeds of the Loan shall be used
only (i) for the issuance of one or more Letters of Credit (as hereinafter
defined), and (ii) for Borrower's general corporate purposes.
(b) On the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this
Agreement, Lender agrees to make advances on the Note to Borrower for the
issuance of one or more letters of credit the total aggregate face amount
of which shall not exceed at any one time the lesser of (i) $14,000,000.00
and (ii) the "Borrower's Loan Limit", as such term is defined in Exhibit
"A" hereto. Each of the letters of credit shall be evidenced by an
Application and Agreement for Letter of Credit (the "Application") in a
form satisfactory to Lender. Each of these letters of credit and any
renewals, extensions and modifications thereof are collectively referred to
herein as the "Letter of Credit", and shall be for a term of no more than
one year from the date of issuance. Repayment of drafts against the Letter
of Credit shall be governed by this Agreement and the Application, and
shall be and is secured by the collateral and guaranties, if any, provided
herein.
2. Revolving Credit Advances. Subject to the terms hereof, Borrower
may borrow, pay, reborrow and repay under the Note, provided, however, the
maximum principal outstanding under the Note shall not exceed the lesser of
(i) $14,000,000.00 and (ii) the Borrower's Loan Limit. Borrower's requests
for advances (whether for cash or Letter of Credit) under the Note shall
specify the aggregate amount of the advance and the date of such advance.
Borrower shall furnish to Lender a request for borrowing in a form
satisfactory to Lender at least two (2) business day prior to the requested
borrowing date. Such request shall include, among other items, a Borrowing
Base Report as required under Paragraph 5(c). After receiving notice of a
requested advance in the manner provided herein, Lender shall make the
requested funds available to Borrower on the requested borrowing date at
Lender's principal banking office in Houston, Texas. If at any time prior
to the Maturity Date, the outstanding advances (including the face amount
of outstanding Letters of Credit) under the Note exceed the Borrower's Loan
Limit as shown on any reports delivered to Lender under Paragraph 5(c) or
as indicated by Lender's own records, Borrower shall, on the date of the
delivery of such report to Lender, prepay on the Note such amount as may be
necessary to eliminate such excess.
3. Conditions Precedent.
(a) The obligation of Lender to make the initial advance under
the Note is subject to the conditions precedent that, as of the date of
such advance, Lender shall have received (i) duly executed copies of each
document listed on the last page hereof relating to the Loan, in form and
substance acceptable to Lender and its legal counsel (all the documents
listed on the last page hereof, together with this Agreement and any other
security documents relating to the Loan, and any modifications thereof, are
hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Loan Documents"), (ii) an
origination fee of $140,000.00, as consideration for Lender's commitment to
make advances under the Note, (iii) copies of all deeds of trust, mortgages
and security documents related to the Real Estate Notes, and originals of
all of the Real Estate Notes (hereinafter defined) properly endorsed to the
order of Lender, (iv) Mortgagee Policies of Title Insurance issued with
respect to the Real Estate Notes endorsed for the benefit of Lender, (v)
appraisals of all the Real Estate Collateral (as hereinafter defined) and
the Real Estate Notes (as hereinafter defined), the principal amount of
which exceeds $250,000, in form and content satisfactory to Lender, (vi) a
Mortgagee Policy of Title Insurance for the Real Estate Collateral in form
and content satisfactory to Lender, and (vii) such other documents and
certificates as Lender or Lender's counsel may reasonably request.
(b) Lender's obligation to make advances under the Note shall be
subject to the additional conditions precedent that, as of the date of such
advance and after giving effect thereto: (i) all representations and
warranties made by Borrower to Lender are true and correct, as if made on
such date, (ii) all documents and proceedings shall be reasonably
satisfactory to legal counsel for Lender, (iii) no condition or event
exists which constitutes an Event of Default (as hereinafter defined) or
which, with the lapse of time and/or giving of notice, would constitute an
Event of Default, and (iv) all conditions precedent set forth in
subparagraph (a) above shall have been satisfied.
4. Representations and Warranties. In order to induce Lender to
make the Loan, Borrower represents and warrants to Lender that:
(a) The Loan Documents are the legal and binding obligations of
Borrower, enforceable in accordance with their respective terms, except as
limited by bankruptcy, insolvency or other laws of general application
relating to the enforcement of creditors' rights;
(b) All financial statements delivered by Borrower to Lender
prior to the date hereof are true and correct in all material respects,
fairly present the financial condition of Borrower and have been prepared
in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, consistently
applied; as of the date hereof, there are no obligations, liabilities or
indebtedness (including contingent and indirect liabilities) which are
material to Borrower and not reflected in such financial statements; and no
material adverse changes have occurred in the financial condition or
business of Borrower since the date of the most recent financial statements
which Borrower has delivered to Lender;
(c) Except in connection with that certain Second Amended and
Restated Credit and Security Agreement dated July 15, 1995 among Borrower
and Bank Boston, N.A., which will be terminated on or about the date
hereof, neither the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the other
Loan Documents, nor consummation of any of the transactions herein or
therein contemplated, nor compliance with the terms and provisions hereof
or thereof, will contravene or conflict with any provision of law, statute
or regulation to which Borrower is subject or any judgment, license, order
or permit applicable to Borrower or any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust
or other instrument to which Borrower may be subject; no consent, approval,
authorization or order of any court, governmental authority or third party
is required in connection with the execution and delivery by Borrower of
this Agreement or the transactions contemplated herein or therein;
(d) No litigation, investigation, or governmental proceeding is
pending, or, to the knowledge of any of Borrower's officers, threatened
against or affecting Borrower, which may result in any material adverse
change in Borrower's business, properties or operations;
(e) There is no specific fact known to Borrower that Borrower
has not disclosed to Lender in writing which is likely to result in any
material adverse change in Borrower's business, properties or operations;
(f) Borrower owns all of the assets reflected on its most recent
balance sheet free and clear of all liens, security interests or other
encumbrances, except as previously disclosed in writing to Lender or in the
notes to the financial statements delivered by Borrower to Lender;
(g) The principal office, and principal place of business of
Borrower is in Fountain Hills, Arizona; the chief executive office is in
Houston, Texas;
(h) All taxes required to be paid by Borrower have in fact been
paid, except for taxes being contested in good faith by appropriate
proceedings for which adequate reserves have been established;
(i) Borrower is not in violation of any law, ordinance,
governmental rule or regulation to which it is subject, to the actual
knowledge of Borrower's officers, and is not in default in any material
respect under any material agreement, contract or understanding to which it
is a party;
(j) No written certificate or written statement herewith or
heretofore delivered by Borrower to Lender in connection herewith, or in
connection with any transaction contemplated hereby, contains any untrue
statement of a material fact or fails to state any material fact necessary
to keep the statements contained therein from being misleading;
(k) Borrower has taken certain reasonable steps necessary to
determine and has determined that no hazardous substances, or other
substances known or suspected to pose a threat to health or the environment
which are in violation of Applicable Environmental Laws ("Hazard[s]") exist
with respect to the Collateral (hereinafter defined). No prior use, either
by Borrower or, to Borrower's knowledge, the prior owners of the
Collateral, has occurred, which violates any laws pertaining to health or
the environment ("Applicable Environmental Laws"), including, without
limitation, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act of 1980, as amended ("CERCLA"), the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act of 1976, as amended ("RCRA"), the Texas Water Code and the
Texas Solid Waste Disposal Act. The Borrower's handling and maintenance of
the Collateral does not and will not result in the disposal or release of
any hazardous substance or Hazard on, in or to the Collateral. The terms
"hazardous substance" and "release" shall each have the meanings specified
in CERCLA, and the terms "solid waste" and "disposal" (or "disposed") shall
each have the meanings specified in RCRA; provided, however, that in the
event either CERCLA or RCRA is amended so as to broaden the meaning of any
term defined thereby, such broader meaning shall apply subsequent to the
effective date of such amendment; and provided further that, to the extent
that the laws of the State of Texas establish a meaning for "hazardous
substance", "release", "solid waste", or "disposal" which is broader than
that specified in either CERCLA or RCRA, such broader definition shall
apply.
(l) All Real Estate Notes included in the Borrowing Base were
"Eligible" (as defined in Exhibit "A") when pledged to Lender, and continue
to be "Eligible" so long as they are included in the Borrowing Base;
(m) All material software, hardware and critical systems used by
Borrower and its subsidiaries, if any, in the conduct of Borrower's
business ("Borrower's Computer Items") will record, store, process and
present calendar dates falling on or after January 1, 2000, and all
information pertaining to such dates accurately;
(n) Borrower's Computer Items will have all appropriate
capability and compatibility for handling century-aware or year 2000
compliant data, when reasonably necessary; and
(o) The data related user interface functions, data fields and
data related program instructions and functions of Borrower's Computer
Items will include the indication of the century.
5. Affirmative Covenants. Until payment in full of the Note and all
other obligations and liabilities of Borrower hereunder, Borrower agrees
and covenants that (unless Lender shall otherwise consent in writing):
(a) As soon as available, and in any event within forty-five
(45) days after the close of each calendar month, Borrower shall deliver to
Lender an unaudited financial statement showing the financial condition of
Borrower at the close of each such month and the results of operations
during such month, which financial statements shall include, but shall not
be limited to, a profit and loss statement, balance sheet, cash flow
statement and such other matters as Lender may reasonably request; all such
monthly financial statements shall be certified on the face thereof by the
chief financial officer of Borrower, or any person acceptable to Lender,
and shall be forwarded to Lender with a letter of transmittal from him in
which he shall certify that Borrower is in compliance with all of the
affirmative covenants contained in this Paragraph and further stating that
no Event of Default exists in the performance by Borrower of any of the
other terms, conditions and covenants required under this Agreement to be
performed by Borrower;
(b) As soon as available, and in any event within one hundred
twenty (120) days after the end of each fiscal year of Borrower, Borrower
shall deliver to Lender a copy of the annual audited financial statement of
Borrower prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting
principles, certified (with no material qualifications or exceptions) by
independent public accountants selected by Borrower and acceptable to
Lender, which show the financial condition of Borrower at the close of such
fiscal year and the results of operations during such fiscal year, and
shall include, but not be limited to, a profit and loss statement, balance
sheet and such other matters as Lender may reasonably request;
(c) As soon as available, and in any event within forty-five
(45) days after the end of each calendar month, and upon each request for
an advance, Borrower shall deliver to Lender (i) a Borrowing Base Report
and Compliance Certificate in the form of Exhibit "B" attached hereto or
other form reasonably acceptable to Lender together with such other
information as may be deemed necessary or appropriate by Lender, and (ii)
an aging and listing of the Real Estate Notes, in summary form, or if
requested by Lender, setting forth all Real Estate Notes in all material
respects in a form reasonably acceptable to Lender;
(d) Borrower shall conduct its business in all material respects
in an orderly and efficient manner consistent with good business practices
and in accordance with all valid regulations, laws and orders of any
governmental authority, and will act in accordance with customary industry
standards in maintaining and operating its assets, properties and
investments;
(e) Borrower shall maintain complete and accurate books and
records of its transactions in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, and will give Lender access during business hours to
all books, records and documents of Borrower and permit Lender to make and
take away copies thereof;
(f) Borrower shall furnish to Lender, promptly upon becoming
aware of the existence of any condition or event constituting an Event of
Default or event which, with the lapse of time and/or giving of notice,
would constitute an Event of Default, written notice specifying the nature
and period of existence thereof and any action which Borrower is taking or
proposes to take with respect thereto;
(g) Borrower shall maintain or cause to be maintained insurance
from responsible and reputable companies in such amounts and covering such
risks as is acceptable to Lender, is prudent and is usually carried by
companies engaged in businesses similar to that of Borrower; Borrower shall
furnish Lender, on request, with certified copies of insurance policies or
other appropriate evidence of compliance with the foregoing covenant and
said policies shall contain the usual mortgagee clause, and provide that
loss, if any, shall be paid to Lender;
(h) Borrower shall promptly notify Lender of (i) any material
adverse change in its financial condition or business; (ii) any default
under any material agreement, contract or other instrument to which
Borrower is a party or by which any of its properties are bound, or any
acceleration of any maturity of any indebtedness owing by Borrower, (iii)
any material adverse claim against or affecting Borrower or any of its
properties; and (iv) any litigation, or any claim or controversy which
might become the subject of litigation, against Borrower or affecting any
of Borrower's property, if such litigation or potential litigation might,
in the event of an unfavorable outcome, have a material adverse effect on
Borrower's financial condition or business or might cause an Event of
Default;
(i) Borrower shall preserve and maintain all material licenses,
privileges, franchises, certificates and the like necessary for the
operation of its business;
(j) Borrower shall promptly furnish to Lender, at Lender's
request, such additional financial or other information concerning assets,
liabilities, operations and transactions of Borrower and each of its
subsidiaries as Lender may from time to time reasonably request;
(k) Borrower shall give notice to Lender promptly upon acquiring
knowledge of the presence of any Hazards relating to the Collateral, which
is in a condition that is resulting or could reasonably be expected to
result in any adverse environmental impact, with a full description
thereof; promptly comply with all Applicable Environmental Laws requiring
the notice, removal, treatment, or disposal of such hazardous substances;
and provide Lender, within thirty (30) days after demand by Lender, with
evidence to Lender's reasonable satisfaction that sufficient funds are
available to pay the cost of removing, treating and disposing of any such
known Hazards and discharging any liens or assessments that may be
established relating to the Collateral;
(l) Borrower shall make, execute or endorse, and acknowledge and
deliver or file or cause the same to be done, all such vouchers, invoices,
notices, certifications and additional agreements, undertakings,
conveyances, promissory notes, deeds of trust, mortgages, transfers,
assignments, financing statements or other assurances, and take any and all
such other action, as Lender may, from time to time, deem reasonably
necessary or proper, and as are reasonably acceptable to Borrower, in
connection with any of the Loan Documents, and/or the Collateral (as
hereinafter defined), the obligations of Borrower, or for better assuring
and confirming unto Lender all or any part of the security for any of such
obligations;
(m) Borrower shall pay Lender a letter of credit commission in
respect of each Letter of Credit issued by Lender equal to an amount
determined by multiplying (i) three quarters of one percent (.75%) of the
face amount of such Letter of Credit by (ii) a fraction, the numerator of
which shall be the number of days between the date of such Letter of Credit
and the stated expiration date thereof and the denominator of which shall
be 360; such commission shall be payable at the time a Letter of Credit is
issued and upon any renewal or extension thereof; additionally, Borrower
agrees to reimburse Lender for all actual out-of-pocket expenses incurred
by Lender, such as advising or confirming bank fees, telex charges and the
like and to pay those fees customarily charged by Lender for any amendments
to a Letter of Credit;
(n) Within thirty (30) days of any request therefor by Lender,
Borrower will deliver to Lender a statement from a person acceptable to
Lender to the effect that Borrower's Computer Items comply with the
representations contained in Paragraph 4, subparagraphs (m) through (o);
(o) Borrower shall maintain, for the benefit of Lender, a lock
box arrangement with Bank One, Arizona, N.A. to be serviced by Concord
Servicing Corporation in accordance with its normal practices in connection
with the payment and collection of the Real Estate Notes, all of which
shall be paid and processed thereby; and
(p) By March 31, 1999, Borrower will deliver to Lender fully
executed Note Maker Estoppels, with respect to the Real Estate Notes, in
form and content satisfactory to Lender; provided, however, Borrower shall
not be required to deliver Note Maker Estoppels for the Real Estate Notes:
(i) with a principal balance of less than $50,000.00 pertaining to the
Fountain Hills, Arizona property, or (ii) with a principal balance of less
than $100,000.00 pertaining to all other property.
6. Negative Covenants. Until payment in full of the Note and all
accrued obligations and liabilities of Borrower hereunder, Borrower
covenants that it shall not (unless Lender shall otherwise consent in
writing):
(a) Permit any transfer or other change in the ownership of
controlling interest of the stock of Borrower during the term of the Loan;
as used herein the term "controlling interest" means 51% or more of the
stock of Borrower. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Lender hereby consents
to the merger of Horizon Properties Corporation into Horizon corporation,
provided that Horizon Corporation shall succeed to all of Horizon
Properties Corporation's rights and obligations hereunder;
(b) Permit Borrower's Tangible Net Worth to be less than
$30,000,000.00; as used herein, the term "Tangible Net Worth" shall mean
the aggregate net worth of Borrower in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, minus all intangibles, expenses and other items
deducted in arriving at tangible net worth. Lender approves Borrower's
determination of Tangible Net Worth as being equal to total equity as shown
on Borrower's financial statements provided to Lender; or
(c) Permit, at any time, its ratio of total liabilities to
Tangible Net Worth to exceed 1.00 to 1.00.
(d) Extend, modify, or renew or consent to the extension,
modification or renewal of any of the Real Estate Notes.
(e) Upon receipt of any involuntary principal prepayment (e.g.,
condemnation or insurance proceeds) of a Real Estate Note, Borrower shall
pay to Lender an amount equal to such prepayment, which amount shall be
applied by Lender against the outstanding principal balance of the Note.
In the event a Real Estate Note is refinanced at or prior to its maturity
date, Borrower shall pay to Lender the amount received by Borrower in
payment of such Real Estate Note, which amount shall be applied by Lender
against the outstanding principal balance of the Note. Except with the
prior written consent of Lender, Borrower will not accept less than the
entire outstanding principal balance and interest accrued thereon in
connection with the pay off of any Real Estate Note which is refinanced.
In the event a Real Estate Note is not refinanced at or prior to its
maturity, Borrower shall pay to Lender within thirty (30) days of the
maturity date of the Real Estate Note an amount equal to the entire
outstanding principal balance on such Real Estate Note, which amount shall
be applied by Lender against the outstanding principal balance of the Note,
or the Borrowing Base shall be so reduced.
(f) Permit the outstanding principal balance of the Note to
exceed the lesser of the Borrowing Base or $14,000,000.00, and if such
event should occur, Borrower shall promptly pay to Lender a sufficient
amount such that when applied against the principal balance of the Note,
Borrower shall be in compliance herewith.
7. Default. An "Event of Default" shall exist if any one or more of
the following events (herein collectively called "Events of Default") shall
occur:
(a) Borrower shall fail to pay when due any principal of, or
interest on, the Note or any other fee or payment due hereunder or under
any of the Loan Documents within five (5) days of Lender's sending demand
therefor, provided, Lender shall not be obligated to send such demand more
often than twice per calendar year, and thereafter Borrower shall be in
default upon its failure to pay such sums when due;
(b) Any representation or warranty made in any of the Loan
Documents shall prove to be untrue or inaccurate in any material respect as
of the date on which such representation or warranty is made, and, if the
inaccuracy of such warranty or representation is capable of being cured,
Borrower fails to correct or cure same within fifteen (15) days of Lender's
sending written notice thereof;
(c) Default shall occur in the performance of any of the
covenants or agreements of Borrower contained herein or in any of the other
Loan Documents, and such default (other than a monetary default) shall
continue for a period of fifteen (15) days after Lender sends written
notice thereof to Borrower;
(d) Borrower shall (i) apply for or consent to the appointment
of a receiver, custodian, trustee, intervenor or liquidator of it or of all
or a substantial part of its assets, (ii) voluntarily become the subject of
a bankruptcy, reorganization or insolvency proceeding or be insolvent or
admit in writing that it is unable to pay debts as they become due, (iii)
make a general assignment for the benefit of creditors, (iv) file a
petition or answer seeking reorganization or an arrangement with creditors
or to take advantage of any bankruptcy or insolvency laws, (v) file an
answer admitting the material allegations of, or consent to, or default in
answering, a petition filed against it in any bankruptcy, reorganization or
insolvency proceeding, (vi) become the subject of an order for relief under
any bankruptcy, reorganization or insolvency proceeding, or (vii) fail to
pay any money judgment against it before the expiration of sixty (60) days
after such judgment becomes final and no longer subject to appeal;
(e) An order, judgment or decree shall be entered by any court
of competent jurisdiction or other competent authority approving a petition
appointing a receiver, custodian, trustee, intervenor or liquidator of
Borrower or of all or substantially all of its assets, and such order,
judgment or decree shall continue unstayed and in effect for a period of
sixty (60) days; or a complaint or petition shall be filed against Borrower
seeking or instituting a bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization,
rehabilitation or receivership proceeding of Borrower, and such petition or
complaint shall not have been dismissed within sixty (60) days; or
(f) Borrower shall default in the payment of any indebtedness of
Borrower or in the performance of any of Borrower's obligations and such
default shall continue for more than any applicable period of grace, and in
Lender's judgment is likely to have a material adverse effect on Borrower's
ability to repay the Loan.
8. Remedies Upon Event of Default. If an Event of Default shall
have occurred and be continuing, then Lender, at its option, may (i)
declare the principal of, and all interest then accrued on, the Note and
any other liabilities of Borrower to Lender to be forthwith due and
payable, whereupon the same shall forthwith become due and payable without
notice, presentment, demand, protest, notice of intention to accelerate,
notice of acceleration, or other notice of any kind, all of which Borrower
hereby expressly waives, anything contained herein or in the Note to the
contrary notwithstanding, (ii) reduce any claim to judgment, and/or (iii)
without notice of default or demand, pursue and enforce any of Lender's
rights and remedies under the Loan Documents or otherwise provided under or
pursuant to any applicable law or agreement.
9. Collateral.
(a) Payment of the Note and performance of the obligations
described herein shall be secured, directly or indirectly, by (i) first
priority perfected collateral assignments of those certain promissory notes
listed on "Exhibit C," annexed hereto, and all liens, rights, titles,
equities and interests securing those Real Estate Notes, including but
limited to the liens of all deeds of trust or mortgages securing those Real
Estate Notes (collectively, the "Real Estate Notes"), and (ii) first lien
deeds of trust on certain real estate described in Exhibit" D," annexed
hereto (the "Real Estate Collateral"). The Real Estate Notes and Real
Estate Collateral are collectively referred to as the "Collateral".
(b) Release of Liens
(i) Borrower may sell or otherwise dispose of portions of
the Real Estate Collateral as hereinafter provided. If
an intended sale or disposition of any of the Real
Estate Collateral is evidenced by a bona fide agreement
to an unaffiliated third party acquiror, is for
adequate consideration, and provided there is no
existing Event of Default, such sale or disposition
shall not constitute an Event of Default, and the
Lender agrees to release its lien against such Real
Estate Collateral. The Lender may condition its
release of its lien against such Real Estate Collateral
upon (A) payment to the Lender of all or such portion
of the proceeds of such sale, as is sufficient to pay
the interest next due under the Note, (B) collateral
assignment to Lender of any purchase money notes, which
are a portion of the consideration of sale of such Real
Estate Collateral, and instruments associated with such
Real Estate Notes, or (C) a commensurate reduction in
the Borrowing Base.
(ii) Lender acknowledges that Borrower may collaterally
assign to Lender any purchase money notes, which are a
portion of the consideration of the sale of Real Estate
Collateral, and instruments associated with such Real
Estate Notes. Provided that any Real Estate Notes
which are collaterally assigned to Lender after the
date hereof are Eligible, as defined below, and such
collateral assignment is in form reasonably acceptable
to Lender, such Real Estate Notes shall be added to the
Borrowing Base, as defined below.
(iii) Upon sale or repayment in full of any Real Estate Note
and Borrower's compliance with (i) above, the Lender
agrees to release its lien against such Real Estate
Note upon request by Borrower and return such Real
Estate Note and associated instruments to Borrower.
(iv) In the event Borrower deems it reasonable necessary to
modify, extend or subordinate any Real Estate Note,
Lender's consent to any such modification shall not be
unreasonably withheld, provided however, that Lender's
consent in connection with subordination of any Real
Estate Note may be conditioned upon removal of such
Real Estate Note from the Borrowing Base.
10. Miscellaneous.
(a) Waiver. No advance hereunder shall constitute a waiver of
any of the conditions of Lender's obligation to make further advances nor,
in the event Borrower is unable to satisfy any such condition, shall any
such waiver have the effect of precluding Lender from thereafter declaring
such inability to be an Event of Default as hereinabove provided. No
failure to exercise, and no delay in exercising, on the part of Lender, any
right hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or
partial exercise thereof preclude any other or further exercise thereof or
the exercise of any other right. The rights of Lender hereunder and under
the other Loan Documents shall be in addition to all other rights provided
by law. No notice or demand given in any case shall constitute a waiver of
the right to take other action in the same, similar or other instances
without such notice or demand.
(b) Notices. Any notices or other communications required or
permitted to be given by any of the Loan Documents must be given in writing
and must be personally delivered, or mailed by prepaid certified or
registered mail, with return receipt requested, to the party to whom such
notice or communication is directed at the address of such party as
follows:
(i) Borrower: MCO Properties Inc.
5847 San Felipe, Suite 2600
Houston, Texas 77057-3010
Attention: J. Richard Rosenberg
with a copy to: MCO Properties Inc.
5847 San Felipe, Suite 2600
Houston, Texas 77057-3010
Attention: Erik Erikkson, Jr., Esq.
and: MCO Properties Inc.
5847 San Felipe, Suite 2600
Houston, Texas 77057-3010
Attention: Delona Moore
(ii) Lender: Southwest Bank of Texas, N.A.
5 Post Oak Park
4400 Post Oak Parkway
Houston, Texas 77027
Attention: Commercial Real Estate
with a copy to: Brown, Parker and Leahy, L.L.P.
1200 Smith Street, Suite 3600
Houston, Texas 77002-4595
Attention: Alfred M. Meyerson, Esq.
Any such notice or other communication shall be deemed to have been given
(whether actually received or not) on the day it is personally delivered as
aforesaid, or, if mailed, on the third day after it is mailed as aforesaid.
Any party may change its address for purposes of this Agreement by giving
notice of such change to all other parties pursuant to this Paragraph.
(c) GOVERNING LAW. THIS AGREEMENT AND THE OTHER LOAN DOCUMENTS
ARE BEING EXECUTED AND DELIVERED, AND ARE INTENDED TO BE PERFORMED, IN THE
STATE OF TEXAS, AND THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF TEXAS SHALL GOVERN THE
VALIDITY, CONSTRUCTION, ENFORCEMENT AND INTERPRETATION OF THIS AGREEMENT
AND ALL OTHER LOAN DOCUMENTS, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT: (I) OTHERWISE
SPECIFIED THEREIN; (II) THE FEDERAL OR STATE LAWS GOVERNING NATIONAL
BANKING ASSOCIATIONS EXPRESSLY SUPERSEDE AND HAVE CONTRARY APPLICATION; OR
(III) FEDERAL LAWS GOVERNING MAXIMUM INTEREST RATES SHALL PROVIDE FOR RATES
OF INTEREST HIGHER THAN THOSE PERMITTED UNDER THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF
TEXAS.
(d) Invalid Provisions. If any provision of this Agreement is
held to be illegal, invalid or unenforceable under present or future laws
effective during the term of this Agreement, such provision shall be fully
severable and this Agreement shall be construed and enforced as if such
illegal, invalid or unenforceable provision had never comprised a part of
this Agreement, and the remaining provisions of this Agreement shall remain
in full force and effect and shall not be affected by the illegal, invalid
or unenforceable provision or by its severance from this Agreement.
(e) Conditions for Benefit of Lender. All conditions to the
obligations of Lender to make any advances hereunder are imposed solely and
exclusively for the benefit of Lender and its assigns, and no other person
shall have standing to require satisfaction of such conditions in
accordance with their terms or be entitled to assume that Lender will
refuse to make advances in the absence of strict compliance with any or all
thereof, and any or all of such conditions may be freely waived in whole or
in part by Lender at any time if, in Lender's sole discretion, Lender deems
it advisable to do so.
(f) Entirety and Amendments. The Loan Documents embody the
entire agreement between the parties and supersede all prior agreements and
understandings, if any, relating to the subject matter hereof and thereof,
and this Agreement and the other Loan Documents may be amended only by an
instrument in writing executed by the party, or an authorized officer of
the party, against whom such amendment is sought to be enforced.
(g) Headings. Paragraph and section headings are for
convenience of reference only and shall in no way affect the interpretation
of this Agreement.
(h) Construction and Conflicts. The provisions of this
Agreement shall be in addition to those of the Note, the Loan Documents and
any guaranty, pledge or security agreement, note or other evidence of
liability held by Lender, all of which shall be construed as complementary
to each other. Nothing herein contained shall prevent Lender from
enforcing the Note, the Loan Documents and any and all other notes,
guaranty, pledge or security agreements in accordance with their respective
terms. To the extent of any conflict or contradiction between the terms
hereof and the terms of the Note, the Loan Documents or any other document
executed in connection herewith, the terms hereof shall control.
(i) Hazardous Substances; Indemnification. Borrower shall
protect, indemnify and hold Lender, its directors, officers, employees and
agents, and any immediate successors to Lender's interest in the Collateral
and any other person who acquires any portion of the Collateral at a
foreclosure sale or otherwise through the exercise of Lender's rights and
remedies under the Loan Documents, and all directors, officers, employees
and agents of all of the aforementioned indemnified parties, harmless from
and against any and all actual or potential claims, proceedings, lawsuits,
liabilities, damages, losses, fines, penalties, judgments, awards, and
reasonable costs and expenses (including, without limitation, attorneys'
fees and costs and expenses of investigation) which arise out of or relate
in any way to any use, handling, production, transportation, disposal or
storage of any hazardous substance or solid waste affecting the Collateral
whether by Borrower or any tenant or any other person, except resulting
from the gross negligence or intentional misconduct of Lender, during the
ownership of the Collateral by Borrower, including, without limitation, (i)
all foreseeable and all unforeseeable consequential damages directly or
indirectly arising out of (A) the use, generation, storage, discharge or
disposal of the Collateral by Borrower or (B) any residual contamination
affecting any natural resource or the environment, and (ii) the cost of any
required or necessary repair, cleanup, or detoxification of the Collateral
and the preparation of any closure or other required remedial plans. In
addition, Borrower agrees that in the event the Collateral is assigned an
identification number by the Environmental Protection Agency, the
Collateral shall be solely in the name of Borrower or other responsible
person and, as between Borrower and Lender, Borrower shall assume any and
all liability for such removed Collateral. All such costs, damages, and
expenses referred to herein shall hereinafter be referred to as "Expenses".
Borrower understands and agrees that its liability to the aforementioned
indemnified parties shall arise upon the earlier to occur of (a) discovery
of any violation of the Applicable Environmental Laws or (b) the
institution of any Hazardous Materials Claim, and not upon the realization
of loss or damage, and Borrower agrees to pay to Lender from time to time,
immediately upon Lender's request, an amount equal to such Expenses, as
reasonably incurred by Lender. In addition, Borrower agrees that any
Expenses incurred by Lender and not paid by Borrower within thirty (30)
days following demand by Lender shall be additional indebtedness of
Borrower and shall be secured by the Loan Documents and shall accrue
interest at the Maximum Rate. The agreements contained herein shall
survive the repayment of the Note and the termination of the Loan
Documents. As used herein, "Hazardous Materials Claims" shall mean any and
all enforcement, clean-up, removal or other governmental or regulatory
actions or orders threatened, instituted or completed pursuant to any
Applicable Environmental Laws, together with all claims made or threatened
by any third party against Borrower or the Collateral relating to damage,
contribution, cost recovery compensation, loss or injury resulting from any
hazardous substance or solid waste affecting the Collateral.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this subparagraph or
in the Loan Documents, it is hereby expressly agreed and understood that
Borrower's obligation to protect, indemnify and hold Lender and the other
aforementioned indemnified parties harmless from and against any and all
Hazardous Materials Claims and Expenses pursuant to this subparagraph shall
not apply to Hazardous Materials Claims or Expenses arising out of or
relating in any way to any use, handling, production, transportation,
disposal or storage of the Collateral directly caused by Lender or any such
other indemnified party during the management, operation, possession or
ownership of the Collateral by Lender or any such other indemnified party,
and not resulting from a condition existing prior to the commencement of
such management, operation, possession or ownership of the Collateral by
Lender or any such other indemnified party.
(j) Financial Terms. As used in this Agreement, all financial
and accounting terms not otherwise defined herein shall be defined and
calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles
consistently applied.
(k) Expenses of Lender. Borrower will, on demand, reimburse
Lender for all expenses except as otherwise provided herein, including the
reasonable fees and expenses of legal counsel for Lender, incurred by
Lender in connection with the preparation, administration, amendment,
modification, renewal, or enforcement of this Agreement, the Note and the
Loan Documents and the collection or the attempted collection of the Note.
(l) Maximum Interest Rate. It is the intention of the parties
hereto to comply with the usury laws of the State of Texas and the United
States; accordingly, it is agreed that notwithstanding any provision to the
contrary in the Notes, or in any of the documents securing payment hereof
or otherwise relating hereto, no such provision shall require the payment
or permit the collection of interest in excess of the maximum permitted by
applicable state or Federal law. If any excess of interest in such respect
is provided for, or shall be adjudicated to be so provided for, in the
Notes or in any of the documents securing payment hereof or otherwise
relating hereto, or in the event the maturity of the indebtedness evidenced
by the Notes is accelerated in whole or in part, or in the event that all
or part of the principal or interest of the Notes shall be prepaid, so that
under any of such circumstances the amount of interest contracted for,
charged or received under the Notes or under any of the instruments
securing payment hereof or otherwise relating hereto, on the amount of
principal actually outstanding from time to time under the Notes shall
exceed the maximum amount of interest permitted by the usury laws of the
State of Texas and the United States, then, in any such event, (i) the
provisions of this paragraph shall govern and control, (ii) neither
Borrower nor its heirs, legal representatives or assigns or any other party
liable for the payment hereof shall be obligated to pay the amount of such
interest to the extent that it is in excess of the maximum amount permitted
by applicable state or Federal law, (iii) any such excess which may have
been collected shall be, at the holder's option (at maturity or in the
Event of Default hereunder), either applied as a credit against the then
unpaid principal amount hereof or refunded to Borrower, and (iv) the
effective rate of interest shall be automatically subject to reduction to
the maximum lawful contract rate allowed under the usury laws of the State
of Texas or the United States as now or hereafter construed by the courts
having jurisdiction. It is further agreed that without limitation of the
foregoing, all calculations of the rate of interest contracted for, charged
or received under the Notes or under such other documents which are made
for the purpose of determining whether such rate exceeds the maximum lawful
rate of interest, shall be made, to the extent permitted by the laws of the
State of Texas and the United States, by amortizing, prorating, allocating
and spreading in equal parts during the period of the full stated term of
the Loans, all interest at any time contracted for, charged or received
from Borrower or otherwise by the holder of the Notes in connection with
such Loans.
11. NO ORAL AGREEMENTS. THE WRITTEN LOAN AGREEMENT REPRESENTS THE
FINAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE PARTIES AND MAY NOT BE CONTRADICTED BY EVIDENCE
OF PRIOR, CONTEMPORANEOUS, OR SUBSEQUENT ORAL AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES.
THERE ARE NO UNWRITTEN ORAL AGREEMENTS BETWEEN THE PARTIES.
Executed effective as of the date and year first set forth
hereinabove.
"BORROWER"
MCO PROPERTIES INC.,
DELAWARE CORPORATION
By: /S/ J. RICHARD ROSENBERG
J. Richard Rosenberg, Vice-President
MCO PROPERTIES L.P,
A DELAWARE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
BY: MCO PROPERTIES INC.,
GENERAL PARTNER
By: /S/ J. RICHARD ROSENBERG
J. Richard Rosenberg, Vice-
President
HORIZON CORPORATION,
A DELAWARE CORPORATION
By: /S/ J. RICHARD ROSENBERG
J. Richard Rosenberg, Vice-President
HORIZON PROPERTIES CORPORATION,
A DELAWARE CORPORATION
By: /S/ J. RICHARD ROSENBERG
J. Richard Rosenberg, Vice-President
WESTCLIFF DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION,
a Texas corporation
By: /S/ J. RICHARD ROSENBERG
J. Richard Rosenberg, Vice-President
"LENDER"
SOUTHWEST BANK OF TEXAS, N.A.,
A NATIONAL BANKING ASSOCIATION
By: /S/ CHRISTOPHER M. DENISON
Christopher M. Denison
Vice-President
November 24, 1998
VIA FACSIMILE NO. 713/439-5932
Mr. Christopher M. Denison
Southwest Bank of Texas, N.A.
4400 Post Oak Parkway
Houston, Texas 77005
VIA FACSIMILE NO. 713/267-3702
Mr. Erik Eriksson
Mr. Richard Rosenberg
MCO Properties, Inc.
5847 San Felipe, Suite 2600
Houston, Texas 77057
Re: Loan from Southwest Bank of Texas, N.A. (the "Bank") to MCO
Properties, Inc., et al. (the "Borrower")
Gentlemen:
It has come to our attention that Bank Boston has been dating all
"Transfers of Note and Liens" effective as of October 30, 1998, while we
have consistently dated all loan documents effective as of October 27,
1998. To prevent any future confusion, we would like to correct this
inconsistency. Rather than approach Bank Boston to have them re-execute
documents, we hereby request your permission to change the effective date
on all documents relevant to the above referenced loan, which were
previously executed by the Bank, the Borrower, or both, to reflect October
30, 1998 as the effective date.
If you are in agreement with the foregoing, please so indicate by
signing and returning a copy of this letter to me via facsimile.
Thank you.
Very truly yours,
/S/ JOHN D. HOLMES
John D. Holmes
"BORROWER"
MCO PROPERTIES INC.,
DELAWARE CORPORATION
By: /S/ J. RICHARD ROSENBERG
J. Richard Rosenberg, Vice-President
MCO PROPERTIES L.P,
A DELAWARE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
By: MCO PROPERTIES INC.,
general partner
By: /S/ J. RICHARD ROSENBERG
J. Richard Rosenberg, Vice-
President
HORIZON CORPORATION,
A DELAWARE CORPORATION
By: /S/ J. RICHARD ROSENBERG
J. Richard Rosenberg, Vice-President
HORIZON PROPERTIES CORPORATION,
A DELAWARE CORPORATION
By: /S/ J. RICHARD ROSENBERG
J. Richard Rosenberg, Vice-President
WESTCLIFF DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION,
A TEXAS CORPORATION
By: /S/ J. RICHARD ROSENBERG
J. Richard Rosenberg, Vice-President
"BANK"
SOUTHWEST BANK OF TEXAS, N.A.,
A NATIONAL BANKING ASSOCIATION
By: /S/ CHRISTOPHER M. DENISON
Christopher M. Denison
Vice-President
FIRST AMENDMENT TO
LOAN AGREEMENT
This First Amendment (the "First Amendment") dated and effective as of
February 26, 1999 is an amendment to that certain Loan Agreement (the
"Agreement") by and between MCO Properties Inc., a Delaware corporation,
MCO Properties L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, Horizon Corporation, a
Delaware corporation, Horizon Properties Corporation, a Delaware
corporation and Westcliff Development Corporation, a Texas corporation
(collectively, "Borrower"), and Southwest Bank of Texas, N.A., a national
banking association ("Lender"), dated October 30, 1998, governing the
establishment of a credit facility in the amount of $14,000,000.00, upon
the terms and conditions as set forth in the Agreement.
For good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby
acknowledged, the Borrower and Lender agree as follows:
1. General
a. All terms used in this Amendment shall have the meanings
ascribed to them in the Agreement unless otherwise indicated herein.
b. The Agreement shall be in full force and effect except as
specifically provided herein.
2. Amendment
a. Paragraph 5(a) of the Agreement is hereby deleted and
restated in its entirety as follows:
As soon as available, and in any event within forty-five
(45) days following the close of each calendar quarter (beginning March
31, 1999), Borrower shall deliver to Lender an unaudited financial
statement showing the financial condition of Borrower at the close of each
such quarter and the results of operations during such quarter, which
financial statements shall include, but shall not be limited to, a profit
and loss statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement and such other
matters as Lender may reasonably request; all such quarterly financial
statements shall be certified on the face thereof by the chief financial
officer of Borrower, or any person acceptable to Lender, and shall be
forwarded to Lender with a letter of transmittal from him in which he shall
certify that Borrower is in compliance with all of the affirmative
covenants contained in this Paragraph and further stating that no Event of
Default exists in the performance by Borrower of any of the other terms,
conditions and covenants required under this Agreement to be performed by
Borrower;
All other provisions of the Agreement not specifically amended by the
terms of this First Amendment remain unchanged and in full force and
effect.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Amendment on
the day and year first written above.
BORROWER: LENDER:
MCO PROPERTIES INC., SOUTHWEST BANK OF TEXAS, N.A.
a Delaware corporation a national banking association
By: /S/ J. RICHARD ROSENBERG By: /S/ CHRISTOPHER M. DENISON
J. Richard Rosenberg, Vice Christopher M. Denison,
President Vice President
MCO PROPERTIES L.P.,
a Delaware limited partnership
By: MCO PROPERTIES INC.,
general partner
By: /S/ J. RICHARD ROSENBERG
J. Richard Rosenberg, Vice
President
HORIZON CORPORATION,
a Delaware corporation
By: /S/ J. RICHARD ROSENBERG
J. Richard Rosenberg, Vice
President
HORIZON PROPERTIES CORPORATION,
a Delaware corporation
By: /S/ J. RICHARD ROSENBERG
J. Richard Rosenberg, Vice
President
WESTCLIFF DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION,
a Texas corporation
By: /S/ J. RICHARD ROSENBERG
J. Richard Rosenberg, Vice
President
MAXXAM INC.
PRINCIPAL SUBSIDIARIES OF THE REGISTRANT
Listed below are MAXXAM Inc.'s principal subsidiaries and the
jurisdiction of their incorporation or organization. Certain subsidiaries
are omitted which, considered in the aggregate as a single subsidiary,
would not constitute a significant subsidiary.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
STATE OR
PROVINCE
OF INCORPORATION
OR
NAME ORGANIZATION
- ------------------------------------------------------------ -----------------
<S> <C>
ALUMINUM OPERATIONS
Alpart Jamaica Inc. Delaware
Alumina Partners of Jamaica (partnership) Delaware
Anglesey Aluminium Limited United Kingdom
Kaiser Alumina Australia Corporation Delaware
Kaiser Aluminum Corporation Delaware
Kaiser Aluminium International, Inc. Delaware
Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation Delaware
Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical of Canada Limited Ontario
Kaiser Bauxite Company Nevada
Kaiser Finance Corporation Delaware
Kaiser Jamaica Bauxite Company (partnership) Jamaica
Kaiser Jamaica Corporation Delaware
Queensland Alumina Limited Queensland
Volta Aluminium Company Limited Ghana
FOREST PRODUCTS OPERATIONS
Britt Lumber Co., Inc. California
MAXXAM Group Inc. Delaware
MAXXAM Properties Inc. Delaware
Salmon Creek Corporation Delaware
Scotia Pacific Company LLC (limited liability company) Delaware
The Pacific Lumber Company Delaware
REAL ESTATE OPERATIONS
Horizon Corporation Delaware
MAXXAM Property Company Delaware
MCO Properties Inc. Delaware
MCO Properties L.P. (limited partnership) Delaware
MXM General Partner, Inc. Delaware
MXM Mortgage L.P. (limited partnership) Delaware
Palmas del Mar Properties, Inc. Delaware
RACE PARK OPERATIONS
New SHRP Acquisition, Inc. Delaware
SHRP General Partner, Inc. Texas
Sam Houston Entertainment Corp. Texas
Sam Houston Race Park, Ltd. (limited partnership) Texas
OTHER
MAXXAM Group Holdings Inc. Delaware
</TABLE>
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
As independent public accountants, we hereby consent to the
incorporation by reference of our report dated March 1, 1999 included in
this Form 10-K into the Company's previously filed Registration Statement
File No. 33-54479. It should be noted that we have not audited any
financial statements of the Company subsequent to December 31, 1998 or
performed any audit procedures subsequent to the date of our report.
ARTHUR ANDERSEN LLP
Houston, Texas
March 29, 1999
<TABLE> <S> <C>
<ARTICLE> 5
<LEGEND>
This schedule contains summary financial information extracted from the
Company's consolidated balance sheet and consolidated statement of operations
and is qualified in its entirety by reference to such consolidated financial
statements together with the related footnotes thereto.
</LEGEND>
<MULTIPLIER> 1,000
<CURRENCY> U.S. DOLLARS
<S> <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE> 12-MOS
<FISCAL-YEAR-END> DEC-31-1998
<PERIOD-START> JAN-01-1998
<PERIOD-END> DEC-31-1998
<EXCHANGE-RATE> 1
<CASH> 294,200
<SECURITIES> 19,400
<RECEIVABLES> 313,500
<ALLOWANCES> 6,400
<INVENTORY> 587,500
<CURRENT-ASSETS> 1,360,600
<PP&E> 2,200,400
<DEPRECIATION> 921,500
<TOTAL-ASSETS> 4,075,200
<CURRENT-LIABILITIES> 683,700
<BONDS> 2,008,700
0
300
<COMMON> 5,000
<OTHER-SE> (62,100)
<TOTAL-LIABILITY-AND-EQUITY> 4,075,200
<SALES> 2,572,700
<TOTAL-REVENUES> 2,572,700
<CGS> 2,110,700
<TOTAL-COSTS> 2,110,700
<OTHER-EXPENSES> 336,400
<LOSS-PROVISION> 0
<INTEREST-EXPENSE> 208,500
<INCOME-PRETAX> (46,600)
<INCOME-TAX> 32,100
<INCOME-CONTINUING> (14,700)
<DISCONTINUED> 0
<EXTRAORDINARY> (42,500)
<CHANGES> 0
<NET-INCOME> (57,200)
<EPS-PRIMARY> (8.17)
<EPS-DILUTED> (8.17)
</TABLE>
