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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 13, 1997
Registration No. 333-38693
================================================================================
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
AMENDMENT NO. 1
TO
FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
Under
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
QUARTERDECK CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
DELAWARE 95-4320650
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) Identification Number)
13160 MINDANAO WAY
MARINA DEL REY, CALIFORNIA 90292
(310) 309-3700
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code, of registrant's principal executive offices)
RON BEN YEHUDA, ESQ.
VICE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL
QUARTERDECK CORPORATION
13160 MINDANAO WAY
MARINA DEL REY, CALIFORNIA 90292
(310) 309-3700
(Name, address, including zip code and telephone number,
including area code, of agent for service)
COPY TO:
BRADLEY D. SCHWARTZ, ESQ.
SCHWARTZ & ASSOCIATES
333 SOUTH GRAND AVENUE, SUITE 3950
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90071-3197
(213) 621-0978
APPROXIMATE DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF PROPOSED SALE
TO THE PUBLIC: FROM TIME TO TIME AFTER THE EFFECTIVE
DATE OF THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT.
If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered
pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following
box. [ ]
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered
on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act
of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or
interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. [X]
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering
pursuant Rule 462 (b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box
and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier
effective registration statement from the same offering.[ ]
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If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c)
under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same offering.[ ]
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule
434, please check the following box.[ ]
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE(1)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
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Proposed Proposed
Maximum Maximum
Offering Aggregate Amount of
Title of Each Class of Securities Amount to be Price Per Offering Registration
to be Registered Registered(1) Share(2) Price(2) Fee(3)
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<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Common Stock, par value
$.001 par value 857,673 $2.34375 $2,010,172 $610
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</TABLE>
(1) In the event of a stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction
involving the Common Stock of the Registrant, in order to prevent dilution,
the number of shares of Common Stock registered hereby shall be
automatically increased to cover the additional shares of Common Stock in
accordance with Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
(2) Estimated solely for the purpose of determining the registration fee.
Calculated on the basis of the average of the high and low reported prices
of the Registrant's Common Stock on the Nasdaq National Market on
November 10, 1997.
(3) The Registrant previously paid a filing fee of $11,314 in connection with
the registration of 14,934,406 shares of Common Stock.
THE REGISTRANT HEREBY AMENDS THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON SUCH DATE OR
DATES AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO DELAY ITS EFFECTIVE DATE UNTIL THE REGISTRANT SHALL
FILE A FURTHER AMENDMENT WHICH SPECIFICALLY STATES THAT THIS REGISTRATION
STATEMENT SHALL THEREAFTER BECOME EFFECTIVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 8(A) OF
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT
SHALL BECOME EFFECTIVE ON SUCH DATE AS THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION,
ACTING PURSUANT TO SAID SECTION 8(A), MAY DETERMINE.
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INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS SUBJECT TO COMPLETION OR AMENDMENT. A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATING TO THESE SECURITIES HAS BEEN FILED WITH THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. THESE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE SOLD NOR
MAY OFFERS TO BUY BE ACCEPTED PRIOR TO THE TIME THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT
BECOMES EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS SHALL NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR THE
SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY NOR SHALL THERE BE ANY SALE OF THESE SECURITIES
IN ANY STATE IN WHICH SUCH OFFER, SOLICITATION OR SALE WOULD BE UNLAWFUL PRIOR
TO REGISTRATION OR QUALIFICATION UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY SUCH STATE.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED NOVEMBER 13, 1997
PROSPECTUS
QUARTERDECK CORPORATION
COMMON STOCK
($.001 PAR VALUE)
15,792,079 SHARES
This Prospectus relates to 15,792,079 shares, subject to certain
anti-dilution and other adjustments (the "Shares"), of Common Stock, par value
$.001 per share ("Common Stock"), of Quarterdeck Corporation, a Delaware
corporation (the "Company"), issuable upon conversion of (i) 29,000 shares of
the Company's Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $.001 per share
("Series C Preferred Stock"), issued in a private placement in September 1997
(the "Private Placement") and (ii) 2,900 shares of Series C Preferred Stock
issuable upon the exercise of warrants (the "Series C Preferred Stock Warrants")
issued in connection with the Private Placement. The Shares may be offered for
sale from time to time by the holders thereof listed herein (the "Selling
Stockholders").
The Company agreed with the initial holders of the Series C Preferred
Stock to register the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion
of the Series C Preferred Stock based upon a $2.00 market price for the Common
Stock. Based on that per share price, the shares of Series C Preferred Stock
(including the shares of Series C Preferred Stock underlying the Series C
Preferred Stock Warrants) would be convertible into approximately 15.8 million
shares of Common Stock. Because the conversion ratio of the Series C Preferred
Stock is dependent upon the market price of the Common Stock, the actual number
of shares of Common Stock offered hereby is subject to adjustment and could be
materially more or less than 15.8 million depending on factors that cannot be
predicted by the Company at this time, including, among others, application of
the conversion provisions based on market prices prevailing immediately before
the date of conversion. See "Risk Factors - Effect of Conversion of Series C
Preferred Stock."
The Company will not receive any proceeds from sales of the Shares. The
Company will pay all of the expenses associated with the registration of the
Shares, estimated to be approximately $38,924.
The Common Stock is quoted on the Nasdaq National Market under the
symbol "QDEK." On November 12, 1997, the last reported sale price per share of
the Common Stock, as quoted on the Nasdaq National Market, was $2.21875.
-----------------------------
THE SECURITIES OFFERED HEREBY INVOLVE A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK AND IMMEDIATE
SUBSTANTIAL DILUTION. ACCORDINGLY, PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS SHOULD CAREFULLY
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CONSIDER THE FACTORS SET FORTH UNDER THE CAPTION "RISK FACTORS"
ON PAGES 6 THROUGH 12 OF THE PROSPECTUS
-----------------------------
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS
THE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE
ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION
TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
The date of this Prospectus is __________ __, 1997.
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AVAILABLE INFORMATION
Statements contained in this Prospectus as to the content of any
contract or other document are not necessarily complete, and in each instance
reference is made to the copy of the contract or other document filed as an
exhibit to this Registration Statement on Form S-3 (the "Registration
Statement") filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
"Commission"), each statement being qualified in all respects by such reference
and the exhibits and schedules hereto, which may be inspected without charge at
the Commission's principal office at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C.
and copies of the Registration Statement or any part thereof may be obtained
from such office, upon payment of the fees prescribed by the Commission.
The Company is subject to the informational requirements of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and in
accordance therewith files reports, proxy statements and other information with
the Commission. Such reports, proxy statements and other information filed with
the Commission by the Company can be inspected and copied at the public
reference facilities maintained by the Commission at 450 Fifth Street, N.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20549, and at the regional offices of the Commission located at
500 West Madison Street, Room 1400, Chicago, Illinois 60606 and at the Jacob K.
Javits Federal Building, 75 Park Place, New York, New York 10278. Copies of such
material can be obtained from the Public Reference Section of the Commission at
450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549, at prescribed rates. The
Commission maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information
statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically
with the Commission, the address of which is http://www.sec.gov.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
The following documents filed by the Company with the Commission are by
this reference incorporated in and made a part of this Prospectus: (i) the
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 1996, (ii)
the Current Reports on Form 8-K dated October 7, 1996, November 25, 1996,
December 3, 1996, January 14, 1997, April 3, 1997, April 14, 1997, May 23, 1997,
September 24, 1997 and September 30, 1997, (iii) the Quarterly Reports on Form
10-Q for the quarters ended December 31, 1996, March 31, 1997 and June 30, 1997,
(iv) the Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed April 26, 1991, and (v) all
documents filed by the Company pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of
the Exchange Act after the date of this Prospectus and prior to the filing of a
post-effective amendment which indicates that all Securities offered hereby have
been sold or which deregisters all Securities then remaining unsold. Any
statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by
reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of
this Prospectus to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any other
subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by
reference herein modifies or supersedes such statement. Any such statement so
modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded,
to constitute a part of this Prospectus.
Copies of all documents that are incorporated herein by reference (not
including the exhibits to such documents, unless such exhibits are specifically
incorporated by reference into such documents or into this Prospectus) will be
provided without charge to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom
this Prospectus is delivered, upon a written or oral request to Quarterdeck
Corporation, Attention: Corporate Secretary, 13160 Mindanao Way, Third Floor,
Marina del Rey, California 90292, telephone number (310) 309-3700.
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THE COMPANY
The Company develops, markets and supports computer software that
enhances the performance, user productivity and cost-effectiveness of personal
computing in standalone and networked environments. The Company provides its
software solutions to individual, business, and government/education users
through retail distribution, resellers, direct marketing operations and Internet
downloads.
The Company was incorporated in California in 1982 as Quarterdeck Office
Systems. In June 1991, the Company changed its state of incorporation from
California to Delaware and in February 1995 changed its name to Quarterdeck
Corporation.
The principal offices of the Company are located at 13160 Mindanao Way,
Third Floor, Marina del Rey, California 90292, telephone number (310) 309-3700.
RISK FACTORS
The Securities offered hereby are speculative in nature and involve a
high degree of risk. In addition to the other information included elsewhere in
this Prospectus and in the Company's filings with the Commission, the following
factors should be considered carefully in evaluating an investment in the
Securities offered by this Prospectus.
DEPENDENCE ON NEW PRODUCTS AND ADAPTATION TO TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
The computer software industry is subject to rapid technological change
often evidenced by new competing products, improvements in existing products and
improvements and/or upgrades to operating systems. The Company depends on the
successful development or acquisition and resulting sales of new products,
including upgrades of existing products, to replace revenues from products
introduced in prior years that have begun to experience reduced revenues or have
become obsolete. If the Company's leading products become outdated or are
rendered obsolete as a result of improvements in operating systems, hardware or
technology generally and lose market share faster than those revenues are
replaced by new products or if new products or existing product upgrades are not
introduced in a timely manner or do not achieve the revenues anticipated by the
Company, the Company's operating results could be materially adversely affected.
Even with normal development cycles, the market environment can change so
quickly that features in certain products can become outdated soon after market
introduction. These events may occur in the future and may have an adverse
effect on future revenues and operating results.
The Company is focusing significant efforts on evolving its core
utilities and communication product lines into a set of products designed to
enhance user performance, simplify system management and reduce the ongoing cost
of ownership for networked personal computing. As part of this effort, the
Company is developing new products and adapting its current technology into
these products and has made and may continue to make strategic acquisitions and
divestitures. There is no assurance these efforts will be successful. Other
significant risks associated with the Company's focus on this category of
products include the timing of releases in relation to competitive products,
uncertainties surrounding the rate and extent of development of this new market
and one-time losses and charges that may result from divestitures of non-core
assets.
The Company is also devoting substantial efforts to the development of
software products that are designed to operate on Microsoft's Windows 95 and
Windows NT. As a result of this focus, the Company's current revenues and
profitability are dependent on the viability of such operating systems. In
addition, Microsoft Corporation may incorporate advanced utilities or other
features in Windows 95 and/or Windows NT that may decrease the demand for
certain of the Company's products including those under development. Should the
Company not be able to develop and market products successfully and timely that
function under Windows 95 and Windows NT, and offer perceived value to
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Windows 95 and Window NT users beyond that which is offered in the base
operating system, future revenues would be adversely affected.
COMPETITION
The personal computer market is intensely competitive, subject to
strategic alliances of hardware and software companies and characterized by
rapid changes in technology and frequent introductions of new products and
features. The Company's competitors include developers of operating systems,
applications and utility software and personal computer manufacturers that
develop their own software products. The Company expects to encounter continued
competition both from established companies and from new companies that are now
developing, or may develop, competing products. Many of the Company's existing
and potential competitors have financial, marketing and technological resources
significantly greater than those of the Company.
Future competitive product releases may cause disruptions in orders for
the Company's products while users and the marketplace evaluate the competitive
products. The extent of the disruption in orders and the impact on future orders
of the Company's products will depend on various factors that are not fully
known at this time, including the level of functionality, performance and
features included in the final release of these competitive products and the
price thereof and the market's evaluation of competitive products compared to
the then current functionality, performance, features and price of the Company's
products.
The Company anticipates that the type and level of competition
experienced to date will continue, and may increase, and future sales of its
products will be dependent upon the Company's ability to timely and successfully
develop or acquire new products or enhanced versions of its existing products
for Windows 95 and Windows NT and/or other operating systems that may gain
market acceptance. In addition, the Company must demonstrate to the user a need
for the Company's products while developers of operating systems and competitive
software products continue to enhance their products. To the extent that
operating system enhancements, competitive products or bundling of competitive
products with operating systems or computer hardware reduce the number of users
who perceive a benefit from the Company's products, sales of the Company's
products in the future would be adversely impacted.
LOSSES AND LIQUIDITY
The Company expects that its results for the quarter ended September 30,
1997 will include approximately $14 million in charges, which are primarily
non-cash, associated with the Company's recent restructuring activities.
Quarterdeck also expects an operating loss of several million dollars for the
quarter ended September 30, 1997, largely reflecting higher returns reserves in
the United States market for end-of-life product versions in advance of new
product launches. The Company also suffered a net loss of $74.9 million for the
fiscal year ended September 30, 1996. The fiscal 1996 loss was primarily a
result of charges associated with acquisitions and restructuring, lower demand
for memory management products, additional reserves for product returns and
higher general and administrative expenses resulting from redundancies relating
to acquisitions which were not integrated as quickly as expected. Past losses
have resulted in the Company suffering working capital deficits and significant
decreases in its cash position.
In order to finance the core business of the Company and help provide
adequate working capital for operations, the Company, in April 1997, established
a new credit facility with Greyrock Business Credit with a maximum borrowing
amount of $12 million (subject to a borrowing base) and, in September 1997, the
Company issued shares of Series C Preferred Stock resulting in net cash proceeds
of approximately $17.4 million. If necessary, the Company may in the future
explore various other financing alternatives. There can be no assurance that the
Company will not suffer additional losses in the future (including additional
write-downs of assets), that adequate operating funds will be internally
generated, or
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that additional financing, if necessary, will be available, or if available,
will be available on acceptable terms.
DEPENDENCE ON AND INTENSE COMPETITION FOR KEY PERSONNEL
Recruitment of personnel in the computer software industry is highly
competitive. The Company's success depends to a significant extent upon the
performance of its executive officers and other key personnel. The Company
believes its ability to attract and retain highly qualified personnel has been
adversely affected by the Company's recent restructurings and financial
performance. As a result, there can be no assurance that the Company will be
successful in attracting and retaining such personnel. The loss of the services
of key individuals or the inability to attract and retain highly qualified
personnel, including developers, could have a material adverse effect on the
Company.
SUBSTANTIAL DEPENDENCE ON DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS
A substantial portion of the Company's domestic and international sales
are made through a limited number of personal computer hardware and software
distributors which represent the Company on a non-exclusive basis. If the
Company were to lose all or a significant portion of the revenue attributable to
any of its principal distributors, or if its principal distributors were to lose
sales of the Company's products to any of their principal accounts, the loss
could have a material adverse affect on the Company's operating results. In
addition, there has been a trend toward consolidation of distributors and
retailers of personal computer hardware and software products. A reduction in
the number of software distributors and retailers will increase the Company's
dependence upon the remaining distributors and retailers and could affect their
willingness to distribute, carry and promote products of the Company. The
Company has recently begun to reduce the resources it commits to direct
marketing of its products to end users through mail and telephone campaigns, in
part to avoid conflicts among its sale channels and in part to make better use
of these resources in other sales channels. There can be no assurance that the
reduction in sales and profits through the direct marketing channel will be
replaced by sales and profits in other channels.
"CHANNEL FILL" AND PRODUCT RETURNS
The Company's pattern of revenues and earnings were affected during
prior periods and may be affected in the future by the phenomenon known as
"channel fill." Channel fill occurs following the introduction of a new product
or a new version of a product as distributors buy significant quantities of the
new product or version in anticipation of sales of such product or version.
Following such purchases, the rate of distributors' purchases often declines,
depending on the rates of purchases by end users or "sell-through." The
phenomenon of "channel fill" may also occur in anticipation of price increases
or in response to sales promotions or incentives, some of which may be designed
to encourage customers to accelerate purchases that might otherwise occur in
later periods. Channels may also become filled simply because the distributors
are unable to, or do not, sell their inventories to retail distribution or end
users as anticipated. If sell-through does not occur at a sufficient rate,
distributors will delay purchases or cancel orders in later periods or return
prior purchases in order to reduce their inventories. In addition, between the
date the Company announces a new version or new product and the date of release,
distributors, dealers and end users often delay purchases, cancel orders or
return products in anticipation of the availability of the new version of the
product. Such order delays or cancellations can cause material fluctuations in
revenues from one quarter to the next. Net revenues may be materially affected
favorably or adversely by these effects. Like other manufacturers of package
software products, the Company is exposed to the risk of product returns from
distributors and reseller customers. Quarterdeck's return policy generally
allows its distributors, subject to certain limitations, to return purchased
products in exchange for new products or for credit toward future purchases.
However, competitive factors and/or market conditions often require the Company
to offer expanded rights of return for products that distributors or retailers
are unable to sell. The Company also provides price protection rights to its
distributors which generally give distributors credit for price decreases on
products remaining in the distributors' inventory and on products remaining in
retail
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customers' inventory. The Company estimates and maintains reserves for product
returns. In addition to detailed historical return rates, the Company's estimate
of return reserves takes into account future product upgrades and new releases,
current market conditions and customer inventories, as well as any other known
factors that could impact anticipated returns. There can be no assurance that
actual returns will not exceed recorded allowances. Such excess returns can
result in a material adverse effect on business, operating results and financial
condition.
EFFECT OF CONVERSION OF SERIES C PREFERRED STOCK
The Company's Series C Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of
Common Stock. The shares of Series C Preferred Stock are convertible into shares
of the Company's Common Stock upon the earlier of December 30, 1997 or the date
on which the registration statement of which this Prospectus is a part relating
to resale of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Series C
Preferred Stock becomes effective. Each share of Series C Preferred Stock is
convertible into the number of shares of Common Stock equal to the quotient of
(i) $1000.00 divided by (ii) the Conversion Price. Up until March 1, 1998, the
Conversion Price will be $5.00. Thereafter, subject to the maximum Conversion
Price specified below, the Conversion Price will be equal to 101% of the average
of the three lowest daily trading prices for the 22 consecutive trading days
immediately preceding the date of conversion (the "Conversion Date"). The
maximum Conversion Price is $5.125 until March 31, 1999, and thereafter will be
the lesser of (i) $5.125, (ii) 101% of the average daily low trade prices of the
Common Stock for all trading days in March 1999, (iii) 101% of the average daily
low trade prices of the Common Stock for all trading days in September 1999 and
(iv) 101% of the average daily low trade prices of the Common Stock for all
trading days in March 2000. The exact number of shares of Common Stock issuable
upon conversion of all of the Series C Preferred Stock and offered hereby cannot
currently be estimated but, generally, such issuances of Common Stock,
respectively, will vary inversely with the market price of the Common Stock. The
holders of Common Stock may be materially diluted by conversion of the Series C
Preferred Stock which dilution will depend on, among other things, the future
market price of the Common Stock and the decisions by holders of shares of
Series C Preferred Stock as to when to convert such shares. If the market price
of the Common Stock was $1.00, $2.00 or $3.00, the aggregate number of shares of
Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock would be
approximately 31.6 million, 15.8 million or 10.5 million shares of Common Stock,
respectively. To the extent the market price per share of the Common Stock is
lower or higher than the examples set forth above, the Company would issue more
or less shares of Common Stock than reflected in such examples, and such
difference could be material. The Company's stock has experienced wide
fluctuations in its stock price and stock market volatility, whether related to
the stock market generally or the Company specifically. Such fluctuations, if
coincident in time with conversions of Series C Preferred Stock, will impact
directly the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion thereof.
The terms of the Series C Preferred Stock do not provide for any limit on the
number of shares of Common Stock which the Company may be required to issue in
respect thereof.
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
As of the date of this Prospectus, there are approximately 43 million
shares of Common Stock and 29,000 shares of Series C Preferred Stock (and Series
C Preferred Stock Warrants which are convertible into approximately 2,900
additional shares of Series C Preferred Stock) issued and outstanding, $25
million in notes outstanding which are convertible into approximately 1.2
million shares of Common Stock, and employee stock options and other securities
which are either convertible into or which may be exercised for an aggregate of
approximately 6 million shares of Common Stock. No prediction can be made as to
effect, if any, that future sales of Common Stock, or the availability of shares
for future sale, will have on the market price of Common Stock prevailing from
time to time. Sales or issuances of substantial amounts of Common Stock
(including shares issued upon conversion of Series C Preferred Stock or upon the
exercise or conversion of stock options or any warrants or debt securities), or
the perception that such sales or issuances could occur, could adversely affect
prevailing market prices for the Common Stock.
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EFFECT OF STRATEGIC TRANSACTIONS
During fiscal 1995 and fiscal 1996, the Company consummated a number of
acquisitions which broadened the Company's product portfolio and sales
distribution channels. At the end of fiscal 1996 and during fiscal 1997, the
Company implemented a comprehensive, corporate-wide restructuring plan to focus
the Company in the utilities and communications software categories. The
Company's results for fiscal 1996 and fiscal 1997 were negatively impacted by
the costs of integrations, acquisitions, including severance payments and asset
devaluations. The Company may in the future make strategic acquisitions and
divestitures. Implementation of these strategic transactions could result in
charges and write-downs having a material adverse effect on the Company's
financial results.
In addition, there are significant business risks associated with
acquisitions, including the successful integration of the companies in an
efficient and timely manner, the coordination of research and development and
sales efforts, the retention of key personnel, the diversion of management's
attention from day to day matters and the integration of acquired products.
Acquisitions may result in the Company competing with companies and in markets
where the Company had not previously competed. There may also be an adverse
impact on the revenues of acquired companies due to the transition of products
sales and marketing and research and development activities.
PATENTS AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
The Company relies on a combination of trade secret, patent, copyright
and trademark laws, license agreements and non-disclosure agreements to protect
its rights to its products. The Company provides its products to end users under
a non-exclusive license that by its terms limits the warranties provided by and
liability of the Company. The ability of software companies to enforce such
licenses has not been finally determined by the U.S. Supreme Court. The use and
registration by the Company of its trademarks and servicemarks do not assure
that the Company has superior rights to others that may have registered or used
identical or related marks on related goods or services, nor that such
registrations or uses by others will not be used to attempt to foreclose use of
a particular mark by the Company.
The extent to which U.S. and foreign copyright and patent laws protect
software has not been fully determined. In addition, changes in the
interpretation of copyright and patent laws could expand or reduce the extent to
which the Company or its competitors are able to protect their software and
related intellectual property.
Policing the unauthorized use of computer software is difficult and
software piracy is expected to continue to be a persistent problem for the
packaged software industry, particularly in certain international markets, and
therefore for the Company.
Over the last several years, the number of software-related patents
issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office has increased
dramatically. The Company does not know all of the patents that have issued or
that may be pending that could cover any of its products. Accordingly, the
Company may not have, or may at any time lose, the right to develop, use or
distribute one or more of its products. Any patent that precludes the Company
from developing, using or distributing one or more of its products, that forces
the Company to pay substantial royalties or substantial attorneys fees and other
litigation costs, or that casts doubt on the Company's right to develop, use or
distribute any product could have a material adverse effect on the Company.
LITIGATION
Shareholder complaints were filed in November and December 1996 and
January 1997 in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Los
Angeles, against the Company and one former and one current officer of the
Company. A shareholder complaint was filed in June 1997 in the United States
District Court for the Central District of California against the Company and
one former and
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one current officer of Quarterdeck. These complaints allege, among other things,
violations of certain provisions of California and federal securities laws
relating to statements made about the Company. The suits are purportedly brought
on behalf of all persons who purchased the Company's common stock during the
period January 26, 1996 through June 13, 1996 and seek damages in unspecified
amounts and other relief. The Company has filed motions to dismiss both the
federal and state complaints. Due to the early stage of the litigation and its
inherent uncertainty, management is unable to estimate the impact on the
Company's results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity, if any.
Accordingly, no provision for any liability that may result from these suits has
been made in the Company's consolidated financial statements (other than with
respect to the $250,000 deductible under the Company's directors and officers
insurance policy which has been utilized for costs relating to the defense).
However, no assurances can be given that the ultimate disposition of these cases
will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations
and financial condition, or liquidity.
In March 1997, a purported class action lawsuit brought on behalf of all
licensees of MagnaRAM2 residing in the United States, Jack Abbott, et al. v.
Quarterdeck Corporation, Case No. 00709198, was filed in the Superior Court of
the State of California, County of San Diego. The complaint alleges, among other
things, that MagnaRAM2 fails to significantly increase Random Access Memory or
otherwise help Windows 95 and Windows 3.x users. The plaintiffs seek
compensatory damages and punitive damages in unspecified amounts, injunctive
relief, and attorney fees and costs. Quarterdeck intends to defend the case
vigorously and to oppose any effort to certify the claims for class resolution.
In October 1997, a complaint was filed in the United States District
Court for the District of Utah on behalf of PowerQuest Corporation against the
Company. The complaint, which has not yet been served on the Company, alleges
that the Company's partitioning software (Partition-It) violates the patent held
by PowerQuest. The plaintiff seeks an injunction against distribution of
Partition-It and damages. Quarterdeck intends to defend the case vigorously.
Quarterdeck is a defendant in various other pending claims and
lawsuits. Although there can be no assurances, management believes that the
disposition of such matters will not have a material adverse impact on the
results of operations or financial position of the Company.
FLUCTUATIONS IN OPERATING RESULTS AND STOCK PRICE
The Company's future operating results and stock price could be subject
to significant fluctuations and volatility. The Company's revenues and quarterly
operating results may experience significant fluctuations and be unpredictable
as the result of a number of factors including, among others, introduction of
new or enhanced products by the Company or its competitors, rapid technological
changes in the Company's markets, seasonality of revenues, changes in operating
expenses and general economic conditions. The Company's net revenues and net
income (loss) have fluctuated significantly from year to year and from quarter
to quarter since the Company's initial public offering in June 1991.
The Company also has experienced wide fluctuations in its stock price,
which may be subject to significant fluctuations in the future over a short
period of time. The trading price of the Common Stock increased from
approximately $3.00 in January 1995 to a high of approximately $39.00 in
December 1995 to a low of approximately $2.00 in May 1997. Fluctuations may be
due to factors specific to the Company, to changes in analysts' estimates or to
factors affecting the computer industry or the securities markets in general. In
addition, the existence or conversion of any outstanding convertible securities,
any decline in revenues or quarterly operating results, or the failure to meet
market expectations, could have an immediate and significant effect on the
trading price of the Common Stock in any given period.
11
<PAGE> 12
INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS
The Company's non-U.S. operations are subject to certain risks common to
international activities, such as changes in foreign governmental regulations,
tariffs and taxes, export license requirements, the imposition of trade
barriers, difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations, and
political and economic instability.
Because it conducts business in various foreign currencies, the Company
is subject to the transaction exposures that arise from foreign exchange rate
movements between the dates that foreign currency transactions are recorded and
the date that they are consummated. The Company is also subject to certain
exposures arising from the translation and consolidation of the financial
results of its foreign subsidiaries. The Company does not hedge either its
translation risk or its economic risk. There can be no assurance that changes in
currency exchange rates will not have a material impact on the Company's future
operating results.
Documents incorporated by reference in this Prospectus contain
disclosure regarding certain risk factors with respect to the Company and an
investment therein. Potential investors are urged to consider such risk factors
prior to making an investment decision with respect to the Common Stock.
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Prospectus as well as documents incorporated by reference in this
Prospectus contain forward looking statements which are made pursuant to the
safe-harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
Expressions of future goals and similar expressions reflecting something other
than historical fact are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but
are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. These
forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties,
including the timely development and market acceptance of products and
technologies, the ability to attract and retain key personnel, successful
integration of acquisitions, the ability to secure additional sources of
financing, the ability to reduce operating expenses and other factors described
in such documents. The actual results that the Company achieves may differ
materially from any forward-looking statements due to such risks and
uncertainties. The Company undertakes no obligations to revise or update any
forward-looking statements in order to reflect events or circumstances that may
arise after the date of this Prospectus.
SELLING STOCKHOLDERS
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the
beneficial ownership of shares of Common Stock, and the Shares to be offered
hereby by the Selling Stockholders. Except as otherwise indicated, to the
knowledge of the Company, all persons listed below have sole voting and
investment power with respect to their securities, except to the extent that
authority is shared by spouses under applicable law or as otherwise noted below.
The information in the table concerning the Selling Stockholders who may offer
the Shares hereunder from time to time is based on information provided to the
Company by such Selling Stockholders, except for the assumed conversion ratio of
shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock into Common Stock, which is based
solely on the assumptions discussed or referenced in footnote (1) to the table.
Information concerning such Selling Stockholders may change from time to time
and any changes of which the Company is advised will be set forth in a
Prospectus Supplement to the extent required. See "Plan of Distribution." The
registration of the Shares does not necessarily mean that all or any of the
Shares will be sold by the Selling Stockholders hereunder.
12
<PAGE> 13
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Common Shares
Beneficially Owned Common Shares to be
Prior to the Offering Sold in the Offering
--------------------- --------------------
Name of Selling Shareholder Number Percent Number Percent
- --------------------------- ------ ------- ------ -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Leonardo, L.P. 3,019,802 6.5% 3,019,802 6.5%
Stark International 1,237,624 2.8% 1,237,624 2.8%
Shepherd Investments International Ltd. 1,237,624 2.8% 1,237,624 2.8%
Lakeshore International Ltd. 990,099 2.2% 990,099 2.2%
SIL Nominees Ltd. 742,574 1.7% 742,574 1.7%
Ramius Fund, Ltd. 693,069 1.6% 693,069 1.6%
Linda S. Cappello 484,653 1.1% 484,653 1.1%
CC Investments LDC 495,050 1.1% 495,050 1.1%
Global Bermuda Limited Partnership 495,050 1.1% 495,050 1.1%
Deere Park Capital Management, Inc. 495,050 1.1% 495,050 1.1%
Omicron Partners L.P. 495,050 1.1% 495,050 1.1%
Raphael, L.P. 495,050 1.1% 495,050 1.1%
Marubeni Corporation 495,050 1.1% 495,050 1.1%
KA Investments, LDC 408,416 * 408,416 *
Gerard K. Cappello 335,644 * 335,644 *
Paul Rajewski 321,782 * 321,782 *
Olympus Securities, Ltd. 272,277 * 272,277 *
Larry K. Fleischman 249,010 * 249,010 *
ProFutures Special Equities Fund, L.P 247,525 * 247,525 *
Hick Investments, Ltd. 247,525 * 247,525 *
AG Super Fund International Partners, L.P. 247,525 * 247,525 *
GAM Arbitrage Investments, Inc. 247,525 * 247,525 *
Nelson Partners 222,772 * 222,772 *
Kim Enterprises, LP 220,297 * 220,297 *
James W. Montgomery 220,297 * 220,297 *
Triton Capital Investments, Ltd. 148,515 * 148,515 *
JMG Capital Partners, L.P. 148,515 * 148,515 *
Jeffrey C. Ullman Living Trust 123,762 * 123,762 *
Earl E Gales, Jr 123,762 * 123,762 *
Steven Amos 123,762 * 123,762 *
Crisostomo B. Garcia Trust 99,010 * 99,010 *
Laredo Capital Partners 99,010 * 99,010 *
NY-DBL Diamond Group 49,505 * 49,505 *
Theodore Meisel 49,505 * 49,505 *
James Scott Watt 49,505 * 49,505 *
David Balfour 49,505 * 49,505 *
Alfred Romano 24,752 * 24,752 *
Kenneth L. Staub Trust 24,752 * 24,752 *
Barry Meisel 12,376 * 12,376 *
Natalie Meisel 12,376 * 12,376 *
Lisa G. Shine 12,376 * 12,376 *
Loretta Hirsh Shine 12,376 * 12,376 *
John M. Bendheim, Jr 12,376 * 12,376 *
</TABLE>
- -----------------
* Less than 1%.
(1) Such beneficial ownership represents an estimate of the number of shares of
Common Stock issuable upon the conversion of shares of Series C Preferred Stock
beneficially owned by such person, assuming a sale price of $2.00 per share of
Common Stock was used to determine the number of shares of Common Stock issuable
as of the first date on which Series C Preferred Stock may be converted. The
actual number of shares of Common Stock offered hereby is subject to adjustment
and could be materially less or more than the estimated amount indicated
depending upon factors which cannot
13
<PAGE> 14
be predicted by the Company at this time, including, among others, application
of the conversion provisions based on market prices prevailing at the actual
date of conversion. This presentation is not intended to constitute a prediction
as to the future market price of the Common Stock or as to when, if ever,
holders will elect to convert shares of Series C Preferred Stock into shares of
Common Stock. See "Risk Factors--Effect of Conversion of Series C Preferred
Stock."
USE OF PROCEEDS
The Company will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the
Common Stock offered hereby.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
The Selling Stockholders have advised the Company that the sale or
distribution of the Common Stock may be effected directly to purchasers by the
Selling Stockholders or by pledgees, donees, transferees or other successors in
interest, as principals or through one or more underwriters, brokers, dealers or
agents from time to time in one or more transactions (which may involve crosses
or block transactions) (i) on any stock exchange, in the Nasdaq National Market,
or in the over-the-counter market, (ii) in transactions otherwise than on any
stock exchange or in the over-the-counter market, or (iii) through the writing
of options (whether such options are listed on an options exchange or otherwise)
on, or settlement of short sales of, the Common Stock made within 3 days prior
to conversion of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock in an amount not greater
than the number of shares issuable upon such conversion. Any of such
transactions may be effected at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at
prices related to such prevailing market prices, at varying prices determined at
the time of sale or at negotiated or fixed prices, in each case as determined by
the Selling Stockholder or by agreement between the Selling Stockholder and
underwriters, brokers, dealers or agents, or purchasers. If the Selling
Stockholders effect such transactions by selling common Stock to or through
underwriters, brokers, dealers or agents, such underwriters, brokers, dealers or
agents may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or
commissions from the Selling Stockholders or commissions from purchasers or
Common Stock for whom they may act as agent (which discounts, concessions or
commissions as to particular underwriters, brokers, dealers or agents may be in
excess of those customary in the types of transactions involved). The Selling
Stockholders and any brokers, dealers or agents that participate in the
distributions of the Common Stock may be deemed to be underwriters, and any
profit on the sale of Common Stock by them and any discounts, concessions or
commissions received by any such underwriters, brokers, dealers or agents may be
deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act.
Under the securities laws of certain states, the Common Stock may be
sold in such states only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In
addition, in certain states the Common Stock may not be sold unless the Common
Stock has been registered or qualified for sale in such state or an exemption
from registration or qualification is available and is complied with.
The Company has informed the Selling Stockholders that the
anti-manipulation provisions of Regulation M under the Exchange Act may apply to
purchases and sales of the Common Stock by the Selling Stockholders, and that
there are restrictions on market-making activities by persons engaged in the
distribution of the Common Stock. The Company has also advised the Selling
Stockholders that if a particular offer of Common Stock is to be made on terms
constituting a material change from the information set forth above with respect
to the Plan of Distribution, then to the extent required, a Prospectus
Supplement must be distributed setting forth such terms and related information
as required.
LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters will be passed upon for the Company by Schwartz &
Associates, Los Angeles, California.
14
<PAGE> 15
MISCELLANEOUS
NO DEALER, SALES REPRESENTATIVE OR ANY OTHER PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED
TO GIVE ANY INFORMATION OR TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION NOT CONTAINED IN THIS
PROSPECTUS IN CONNECTION WITH THIS OFFERING OTHER THAN THOSE CONTAINED IN THIS
PROSPECTUS, AND IF GIVEN OR MADE, SUCH INFORMATION OR REPRESENTATION MUST NOT BE
RELIED UPON AS HAVING BEEN AUTHORIZED BY THE COMPANY. THIS PROSPECTUS DOES NOT
CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL, OR A SOLICITATION OF ANY OFFER TO BUY, COMMON STOCK
BY ANYONE IN ANY JURISDICTION IN WHICH SUCH AN OFFER OR SOLICITATION IS NOT
AUTHORIZED, OR IN WHICH THE PERSON MAKING SUCH OFFER OR SOLICITATION IS NOT
QUALIFIED TO DO SO, OR TO ANY PERSON TO WHOM IT IS UNLAWFUL TO MAKE SUCH AN
OFFER OR SOLICITATION. NEITHER THE DELIVERY OF THIS PROSPECTUS NOR ANY SALE MADE
HEREUNDER SHALL, UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES, CREATE AN IMPLICATION THAT THE
INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS CORRECT AS OF ANY TIME SUBSEQUENT TO ITS DATE.
15
<PAGE> 16
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
ITEM 14. OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
SEC Registration Fee $11,915
Nasdaq Application Fee 17,500
Legal fees and expenses* 3,000
Accounting fees and expenses* 7,000
Blue sky fees and expenses* 0
Miscellaneous* 0
TOTAL* $38,924
</TABLE>
- ----------------
*Estimated.
ITEM 15. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
As permitted by Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the Bylaws
of the Registrant provide: (i) the Registrant is required to indemnify its
directors and officers and may indemnify its other employees and agents, and
persons serving in such capacities in other business enterprises (including, for
example, subsidiaries of the Registrant) at the Registrant's request, to the
fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, including those circumstances in which
indemnification would otherwise be discretionary; (ii) the Registrant is
required to advance expenses, as incurred, to such directors and officers and
may advance expenses to such other employees and agents in connection with
defending a proceeding (except that it is not required to advance expenses to a
person against whom the Registrant brings a claim for breach of the duty of
loyalty, failure to act in good faith, intentional misconduct, knowing violation
of law or deriving an improper personal benefit); (iii) the rights conferred in
the Bylaws are not exclusive and the Registrant is authorized to enter into
indemnification agreements with such directors, officers, employees and agents;
(iv) the Registrant may maintain director and officer liability insurance to the
extent reasonably available; and (v) the Registrant may not retroactively amend
the Bylaw provisions in a way that is adverse to such directors, officers,
employees and agents. The Registrant has also entered into an agreement with its
directors and certain of its officers indemnifying them to the fullest extent
permitted by the foregoing. These indemnification provisions, and the
Indemnification Agreements entered into between the Registrant and its directors
and certain of its officers, may be sufficiently broad to permit indemnification
of the Registrants, officers and directors for liabilities arising under the
Securities Act.
ITEM 16. EXHIBITS
The following are filed as exhibits to this Registration Statement:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Exhibit Number Description
- -------------- -----------
<S> <C>
5.1* Opinion and Consent of Schwartz & Associates.
23.1* Consent of Schwartz & Associates (contained in Exhibit 5.1).
23.2 Consent of KPMG Peat Marwick LLP, independent certified
public accountants.
23.3 Consent of Arthur Andersen LLP, independent certified
public accountants.
24.1* Power of Attorney (included on page II-3).
</TABLE>
- ------------------
* Previously filed.
II-1
<PAGE> 17
ITEM 17. UNDERTAKINGS
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining
any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the Registrant's annual
report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and,
where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan's annual report
pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference
in this Registration Statement shall be deemed to be a new registration
statement relating to the securities offered herein and the offerings of such
securities at the time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering
thereof.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may
be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant
pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been
advised that in the opinion of the Commission such indemnification is against
public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore,
unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such
liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or
paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the
successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such
director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being
registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the
matters have been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of
appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is
against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by
the final adjudication of such issue.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a
post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement;
(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities
Act;
(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the
effective date of the Registration Statement (or the most recent post-effective
amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a
fundamental change in the information set forth in the Registration Statement.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities
offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that
which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high and of the
estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus
filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the
changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the
maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the "Calculation of Registration
Fee," table in the effective registration statement; (iii) To include any
material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously
disclosed in the Registration Statement or any material change to such
imformation in the Registration Statement;
provided, however, that paragraphs (1)(i) and (1)(ii) do not apply if the
information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those
paragraphs is contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished to the
Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act
that are incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement.
(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act,
each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration
statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such
securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering
thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of
the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the
offering.
II-2
<PAGE> 18
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended,
the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets
all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this
Amendment to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly
authorized, in the City of Los Angeles, State of California, on this 12th day of
November, 1997.
QUARTERDECK CORPORATION
By: /s/ Curtis A. Hessler
---------------------------------
Curtis A. Hessler
President and Chief
Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended,
this Amendment has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities
and on the dates indicated.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
--------- ----- ----
<S> <C> <C>
/s/ Curtis A. Hessler President, Chief Executive November 12, 1997
- ---------------------------- Officer and Director
Curtis A. Hessler (Principal Executive Officer)
* Senior Vice President and November 12, 1997
- ---------------------------- Chief Financial Officer
Frank R. Greico (Principal Financial and
Accounting Officer)
* Director November 12, 1997
- ----------------------------
Frank W. T. LaHaye
* Director November 12, 1997
- ----------------------------
Howard L. Morgan
* Director November 12, 1997
- ----------------------------
King R. Lee
* Director November 12, 1997
- ----------------------------
William H. Lane III
*By /s/ Curtis A. Hessler
------------------------
Curtis A. Hessler
Attorney-in-Fact
</TABLE>
II-3
<PAGE> 19
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Exhibit Number Description
- -------------- -----------
<S> <C>
5.1* Opinion and Consent of Schwartz & Associates.
23.1* Consent of Schwartz & Associates (contained in Exhibit 5.1).
23.2 Consent of KPMG Peat Marwick LLP, independent certified
public accountants.
23.3 Consent of Arthur Andersen LLP, independent certified public
accountants.
24.1* Power of Attorney (included on page II-3).
</TABLE>
- ------------------
*Previously filed.
II-4
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 23.2
The Board of Directors
Quarterdeck Corporation:
We consent to the use of our reports incorporated herein by reference.
KPMG Peat Marwick LLP
Los Angeles, California
November 12, 1997
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 23.3
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
As independent public accountants, we hereby consent to the incorporation by
reference in this Registration Statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-38693) of our
report dated March 1, 1996, included in the Form 10-K/A of Quarterdeck
Corporation dated August 14, 1997.
ARTHUR ANDERSEN LLP
St. Louis, Missouri,
November 12, 1997
