UNOCAL CORP
8-K, 1999-12-13
CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS
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                       SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
                              Washington, DC 20549



                                    FORM 8-K



                             Current Report Pursuant
                          to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
                         Securities Exchange Act of 1934



    Date of report (Date of earliest event reported)        December 9, 1999
                                                        ------------------------



                               UNOCAL CORPORATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



                                    Delaware
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation)



    1-8483                                   95-3825062
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Commission File Number)                (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)



2141 Rosecrans Avenue, Suite 4000, El Segundo, California         90245
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)                       (Zip Code)



                                 (310) 726-7600
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              (Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

<PAGE>
Item 5.      Other Events.

Unocal Corporation  announced the appointments of Timothy H. Ling and Charles R.
Williamson to the  company's  board of directors  effective  January 1, 2000. As
announced  in August  1999,  John F.  Imle,  Jr.,  has  resigned  from the board
effective  December 31, 1999.  Mr. Imle,  who was Vice  Chairman and a director,
will  continue  to serve as a  consulting  employee of the  company.  With these
changes,  the total size of the board of directors will be 10,  including  three
company employees.

Mr. Ling was named Executive Vice President, North America Energy Operations, in
March 1999.  He joined Unocal in 1997 as chief  financial  officer and member of
the management  committee.  As CFO, Mr. Ling has a strategic  role,  focusing on
mergers,  acquisitions and investor relations. He received a bachelor of science
degree from Cornell  University in 1982 and a master of business  administration
degree from Stanford University in 1989. Prior to joining Unocal, he had been an
employee of McKinsey & Company since 1989 and a partner of the firm since 1994.

Mr.  Williamson  was  named  Executive  Vice  President,   International  Energy
Operations,  and member of the management committee in 1999. He holds a Ph.D. in
geology from the University of Texas at Austin.  Mr. Williamson joined Unocal in
1977 as a research  associate for Unocal's  Science and  Technology  Division in
Brea,  California.  In 1983, he was named chief exploration geologist for Unocal
in the United  Kingdom,  and in 1986,  he became  exploration  manager of Unocal
Netherlands.  Mr.  Williamson was named Vice President of Exploration for Unocal
Thailand in 1989. He then became Vice President,  Technology,  in 1992. In 1995,
he was appointed Vice President,  Corporate Planning and Economics.  In 1996, he
was  named  Group  Vice  President,   International  Operations.  In  1997,  Mr.
Williamson assumed the position as Group Vice President, Asia Operations.

The Bylaws of Unocal Corporation and Union Oil Company of California, as amended
to become effective January 1, 2000, are attached as exhibits under Item 7(c) of
this report.


Item 7.      Financial Statements and Exhibits.

             (c)  Exhibits

             3    Bylaws of Unocal  Corporation,  as amended to become effective
                  January 1, 2000.

             99   Bylaws of Union Oil  Company,  as amended to become  effective
                  January 1, 2000.

                                       1
<PAGE>



Pursuant  to the  requirements  of the  Securities  Exchange  Act of  1934,  the
registrant  has duly  caused  this  report  to be  signed  on its  behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.




                                                 UNOCAL CORPORATION
                                                 (Registrant)





Date:  December 10, 1999                         By: /s/ JOHN A. BRIFFETT
- ------------------------                            ------------------------
                                                     John A. Briffett

                                       2

                                                                       EXHIBIT 3


                                     BYLAWS
                                       OF
                               UNOCAL CORPORATION
                             a Delaware corporation
                           (Effective January 1, 2000)



                                    ARTICLE I
                                   FISCAL YEAR

     Section 1. The fiscal year of Unocal  Corporation  (hereinafter  called the
"Corporation")  shall end on the  thirty-first  (31st) day of  December  of each
year.

                                   ARTICLE II
                                     OFFICES

     Section 1. Principal  Office.  The principal  office for the transaction of
business  of the  Corporation  is hereby  fixed and  located  at 2141  Rosecrans
Avenue, Suite 4000, in the City of El Segundo,  County of Los Angeles,  State of
California. The Board of Directors (hereinafter sometimes called the "Board") is
hereby granted full power and authority to change said principal office from one
location to another.

                                   ARTICLE III
                                  STOCKHOLDERS

     Section 1. Annual Meetings.  The annual meetings of the stockholders  shall
be held at 10:00 o'clock A.M. on the fourth (4th) Monday in May of each year, if
not a  legal  holiday,  for  the  purpose  of  electing  directors  and  for the
transaction of any other business which is within the powers of the stockholders
and properly brought before the meeting.  If the fourth (4th) Monday in May is a
legal  holiday,  the annual meeting of the  stockholders  shall be held at 10:00
o'clock A.M. on the subsequent Monday.

     Section 2.  Notice of  Meetings.  Written  notice of each annual or special
meeting of  stockholders  shall be given to each  stockholder  entitled  to vote
thereat not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the meeting.

     Section 3. Place of Meetings. All meetings of stockholders,  whether annual
or special,  shall be held at the principal office of the Corporation or at such
other place, within or without the State of Delaware, as the Board may from time
to time designate pursuant to authority  hereinafter  granted it. In the absence
of any such  designation  stockholders'  meetings shall be held at the principal
office of the Corporation.
<PAGE>
     Section 4. Voting  Rights.  Stockholders  entitled  to vote at  stockholder
meetings  shall be entitled to one (1) vote for each full share. A fraction of a
share or a  fractional  interest  in a share shall not be entitled to any voting
rights whatsoever.

     Section 5. Conduct of Meetings.  The decisions of the Chairman of the Board
or officer presiding at all  stockholders'  meetings shall govern in all matters
relating to the conduct of the meeting.

         Section 6. Voting.  Directors  shall be divided into three (3) classes.
At each  annual  meeting,  all  directors  of one (1) class  shall be elected in
accordance  with,  and  subject  to,  the  provisions  of  ARTICLE  SIXTH of the
Corporation's  Restated  Certificate of  Incorporation  by the holders of shares
entitled to vote in the election.

     Section 7. Nominations and Other  Stockholder  Business.  At any meeting of
the  stockholders,  only such  business  shall be  conducted  as shall have been
properly  brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth
herein.

         Only such  business  shall be  conducted  at an annual  meeting  of the
stockholders as shall have been properly brought before the meeting (a) pursuant
to the  notice  of  meeting  (or  any  supplement  thereto)  given  by or at the
direction of the Board of Directors,  (b) by or at the direction of the Board of
Directors,  or (c) by a stockholder or a beneficial  owner of the  Corporation's
stock ("Proponent") in compliance with all of the following provisions:

         (1) such business must be a proper matter for stockholder  action under
the Delaware General Corporation Law:

         (2) the  Corporate  Secretary  must have timely  received (as described
below)  written notice by the Proponent  containing  (a) a brief  description of
each matter desired to be brought before the meeting,  (b) the Proponent's  name
and address (if the Proponent is a stockholder of record,  as they appear on the
Corporation's  books),  (c) the class  and the  number of shares of stock of the
Corporation which are beneficially  owned by the Proponent and, if the Proponent
is not a stockholder of record, proof of beneficial ownership, (d) a description
of any material  interest of the Proponent in such business,  (e) a statement as
to whether the Proponent  intends to deliver a proxy statement and form of proxy
to holders of a sufficient  number of shares,  in the case of a  nomination,  to
elect such nominee,  and in the case of a proposal of other  business,  to carry
such  proposal  (an  affirmative  statement  of  such  intent,  a  "Solicitation
Notice"),  and (f) as to each person whom the Proponent proposes to nominate for
election or  re-election  as a director,  (i) all  information  relating to such
person as would be required to be disclosed in  solicitations of proxies for the
election  of such  person as a director  pursuant  to  Regulation  14A under the
Securities  Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and (ii) such
person's written consent to serve as a director if elected;

         (3) if the Proponent has provided the  Corporation  with a Solicitation
Notice, the Proponent must have delivered a proxy statement and form of proxy to
holders of a sufficient number of shares, in the case of a nomination,  to elect
such  nominee,  and in the case of a proposal of other  business,  to carry such
proposal; and
                                      -2-
<PAGE>
         (4)  if  the  Proponent  has  not  provided  the  Corporation   with  a
Solicitation Notice, the Proponent must not have delivered a proxy statement and
a form of proxy to holders of a  sufficient  number of shares,  in the case of a
nomination,  to  elect  such  nominee,  and in the case of a  proposal  of other
business, to carry such proposal.
         The  Corporate  Secretary  shall be deemed to have  timely  received  a
Proponent's  notice  under  clause  (c)(2) of the  preceding  paragraph if it is
delivered  at  the  Corporation's  principal  office  to  the  attention  of the
Corporate  Secretary  at least  ninety (90) days prior to the annual  meeting of
stockholders;  provided,  however,  that if there has been an  amendment  to the
Bylaws since the last annual meeting changing the date of the annual meeting,  a
Proponent's  notice  shall be  deemed  to have  been  timely  received  if it is
delivered  not later than the close of  business  on the later of the  ninetieth
(90th) day prior to the annual meeting or the tenth (10th) day following the day
on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made; provided
further,  however, that if the number of directors to be elected to the Board of
Directors is  increased  and there is no public  announcement  naming all of the
nominees for director or specifying the size of the increased board of directors
at least one  hundred  (100)  days prior to the annual  meeting,  a  Proponent's
notice  shall be deemed to have been timely  received,  but only with respect to
nominees for any new positions created by such increase,  if it is delivered not
later than the close of business on the tenth  (10th) day  following  the day on
which such public announcement is first made.

         Only such  business  shall be  conducted  at a special  meeting  of the
stockholders  as shall have been  brought  before the  meeting  pursuant  to the
notice of meeting (or any  supplement  thereto)  given by or at the direction of
the Board of  Directors.  Nominations  of persons  for  election to the Board of
Directors  may be  made  at a  special  meeting  of the  stockholders  at  which
directors are to be elected pursuant to the Corporation's  notice of meeting (a)
by or at the  direction  of the Board of  Directors  or (b) by a  Proponent  who
delivers the notice  described in clause (c)(2) of the second  paragraph of this
Section at the Corporation's  principal office to the attention of the Corporate
Secretary  not later than the close of  business  on the later of the  ninetieth
(90th) day prior to such special  meeting or the tenth (10th) day  following the
day on  which  public  announcement  is first  made of the  date of the  special
meeting and of the number of directors  proposed by the Board of Directors to be
elected at such meeting.

         Only persons  nominated in accordance  with the procedures set forth in
this  section  shall be eligible to serve as  directors  and only such  business
shall be  conducted  at a meeting of  stockholders  as shall  have been  brought
before the meeting in accordance  with the procedures set forth in this section.
The  chairman  of the  meeting  shall  have the  power to  determine  whether  a
nomination  or any other  business is in compliance  with this  section,  and to
declare that any  defective  nomination  or other  business not be presented for
stockholder action at the meeting and be disregarded.

         For  purposes  of  this  section,   "public  announcement"  shall  mean
disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News service, Associated
Press or a comparable  national news service or in a document  publicly filed by
the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange  Commission pursuant to Section
13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

         Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this section, a stockholder
shall also comply with all applicable  requirements  of the Exchange Act and the
rules and  regulations  thereunder  with  respect to  matters  set forth in this
section.  Nothing in this section shall be deemed to affect any
                                      -3-
<PAGE>
rights of  stockholders to request  inclusion of proposals in the  Corporation's
proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act.


         Notwithstanding  anything  in the Bylaws to the  contrary,  no business
shall be conducted at a meeting  except in accordance  with the  procedures  set
forth herein.

     Section 8. Quorum. The holders of one-third (1/3) of all of the outstanding
shares  of the  stock  of the  Corporation  entitled  to  vote at a  meeting  of
stockholders,  present in person or by proxy,  shall constitute a quorum for the
transaction of any business at such meeting.

                                   ARTICLE IV
                               BOARD OF DIRECTORS

     Section 1. Powers.  Subject to the limitations of the Restated  Certificate
of Incorporation of the Corporation and of the Delaware General  Corporation Law
as to action  which shall be  authorized  or approved by the  stockholders,  all
corporate  powers  shall be  exercised  by or under the  authority  of,  and the
business  and  affairs  of the  Corporation  shall be  managed  by, the Board of
Directors.

     Section 2. Number.  The exact number of directors of the Corporation  shall
be ten (10) until changed in the manner provided by law.

     Section 3. Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Board. The Board shall elect a
Chairman,  who shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors and shall
have such other  powers and duties as may from time to time be  assigned  by the
Board of Directors  or  prescribed  by the Bylaws.  The Board may also appoint a
Vice  Chairman,  who shall  preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors in
the absence of the  Chairman  and shall have such other powers and duties as may
from time to time be assigned by the Board of  Directors  or  prescribed  by the
Bylaws.

     Section 4. Annual  Meetings.  Immediately  following each annual meeting of
stockholders,  the Board  shall  hold its  annual  meeting  for the  purpose  of
organization, election of officers and the transaction of any other business.

     Section 5. Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board shall be held at
the times and on the dates fixed by resolution of the Board.

     Section 6. Special Meetings.  Special meetings of the Board for any purpose
or  purposes  whatsoever  may be called by the  Chairman  of the Board and Chief
Executive  Officer  or,  in his  absence  or  inability,  by an  Executive  Vice
President,  the Chief Financial Officer, or by at least two (2) of the directors
at the time in office.

     Section 7. Notice of  Meetings.  Notice of annual  meetings  and of regular
meetings of the Board is hereby dispensed with.  Notice of special meetings must
be given  at  least  two (2)  days in  advance  if  given  by mail,  or at least
twenty-four (24) hours in advance if delivered  personally or given by telephone
or other electronic means.
                                      -4-
<PAGE>
     Section 8. Place of Meetings.  All meetings of the Board,  whether  annual,
regular or special  meetings,  shall be held at any place  within or without the
State of Delaware which has been  designated  from time to time by resolution of
the Board or in the notice of the  meeting.  In the absence of such  designation
all  directors'   meetings  shall  be  held  at  the  principal  office  of  the
Corporation.

     Section 9. Quorum. A majority of the exact number of directors specified in
Section 2 of this  Article IV of the  Bylaws  shall  constitute  a quorum of the
Board of Directors for the  transaction  of business;  provided,  however,  that
vacancies on the Board may be filled by a majority of the  remaining  directors,
though less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining  director,  each such director
to hold office until a successor  is elected at an annual or special  meeting of
the stockholders.

     Section 10. Compensation of Directors.  Directors and members of committees
appointed  by the Board  shall  receive  such  compensation,  if any,  for their
services,  and  such  reimbursement  for  their  expenses,  as may be  fixed  or
determined  by  resolution  of the Board.  The Board may,  however,  in any such
resolution  provide that directors who are also employees of the  Corporation or
any of its subsidiaries shall not receive  additional  compensation for services
as a director or member of a committee appointed by the Board.

     Section 11.  Indemnification  of Directors,  Officers,  Employees and Other
Agents.

     (a) Right to Indemnification.  Each person who was or is made a party or is
threatened to be made a party to or involved in any action, suit, or proceeding,
whether civil, criminal,  administrative,  or investigative  ("Proceeding"),  by
reason  of the fact  that he or she,  or a person of whom he or she is the legal
representative,  is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or is or was
serving at the request of the Corporation as a director,  officer,  trustee,  or
fiduciary, or in a similar capacity  (collectively,  "Agent") of another foreign
or domestic corporation,  limited liability company, partnership, joint venture,
trust,  or  any  other  enterprise  or  entity  whatsoever,   including  without
limitation employee benefit plans (collectively, "Affiliate"), whether the basis
of such  Proceeding is alleged action in an official  capacity,  or in any other
capacity  while  serving as a director  or officer of the  Corporation  or as an
Agent of an Affiliate, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation
to the fullest extent authorized by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as the
same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment,
only to the  extent  that such  amendment  permits  the  Corporation  to provide
broader  indemnification  rights  than said law  permitted  the  Corporation  to
provide  prior to such  amendment),  against all expense,  liability,  and loss,
including without limitation,  attorneys' fees,  judgments,  fines, ERISA excise
taxes,  penalties,  amounts  paid  or to be paid in  settlement,  and any  other
amounts  actually  incurred or suffered  by such person in  connection  with any
Proceeding;  and such  indemnification  shall  continue  as to a person  who has
ceased to be a director or officer of the  Corporation  or Agent of an Affiliate
and  shall  inure  to  the  benefit  of  his  or  her  heirs,   executors,   and
administrators;  provided,  however,  that,  except as provided in paragraph (b)
hereof with respect to Proceedings seeking to enforce rights to indemnification,
the  Corporation  shall  indemnify any such person  seeking  indemnification  in
connection with a Proceeding (or part thereof)  initiated by such person only if
such  Proceeding  (or part thereof) was  authorized by the Board of Directors of
the Corporation. The right to indemnification conferred in this Section shall be
a contract right and shall include the right to be paid by the  Corporation  the
expenses  incurred  in  defending  any such  Proceeding  in advance of its final
                                      -5-
<PAGE>
disposition;  provided,  however,  that, if the Delaware General Corporation Law
requires,  the payment of such expenses incurred by a director or officer in his
or her capacity as a director or officer (and not in any other capacity in which
service was or is rendered by such person while a director or officer, including
without limitation, service to an employee benefit plan) in advance of the final
disposition of a Proceeding, shall be made only upon delivery to the Corporation
of an  undertaking,  by or on behalf of such  director or officer,  to repay all
amounts so advanced if it shall  ultimately be determined  that such director or
officer is not entitled to be indemnified  under this Section or otherwise.  The
Corporation  may,  to the  extent  authorized  from time to time by the Board of
Directors,  either on a general  basis or as to  specific  employees  or agents,
provide  indemnification to employees and agents of the Corporation with similar
scope and effect as the foregoing indemnification of directors and officers.

     (b) Right to Bring Suit. If a claim under  paragraph (a) of this Section is
not paid in full by the Corporation within sixty (60) days after a written claim
has been received by the Corporation, except in the case of a claim for expenses
incurred in a Proceeding in advance of its final disposition,  in which case the
applicable period shall be twenty (20) days, the person seeking  indemnification
(the "Party to be  Indemnified")  may at any time thereafter  bring suit against
the  Corporation  to recover the unpaid  amount of the claim.  If  successful in
whole or in part in any such suit,  or in a suit brought by the  Corporation  to
recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking,  the
Party to be  Indemnified  shall be  entitled  to be paid  also  the  expense  of
prosecuting or defending such claim. The Corporation's sole defense to an action
seeking  indemnification  (other  than an action  brought to enforce a claim for
expenses  incurred in defending a Proceeding in advance of its final disposition
where the required  undertaking,  if any is required,  has been  tendered to the
Corporation) shall be that the Party to be Indemnified has not met the standards
of conduct which make it permissible under the Delaware General  Corporation Law
for the  Corporation  to indemnify  the Party to be  Indemnified  for the amount
claimed,  and the burden of providing such defense shall be on the  Corporation.
Neither the failure of the  Corporation  (including the Board of Directors,  its
independent  legal counsel,  or its  stockholders)  to have made a determination
prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification of the Party to be
Indemnified  is  proper  in the  circumstances  because  he or she  has  met the
applicable  standard of conduct set forth in the  Delaware  General  Corporation
Law, nor an actual  determination  by the  Corporation  (including  the Board of
Directors, its independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) that the Party to
be  Indemnified  has not met such  applicable  standard of  conduct,  shall be a
defense to the action or create a presumption  that the Party to be  Indemnified
has not met the applicable standard of conduct.

     (c) Non-Exclusivity of Rights. The right to indemnification and the payment
of  expenses  incurred  in  defending  a  Proceeding  in  advance  of its  final
disposition  conferred in this Section shall not be exclusive of any other right
which any person may have or hereafter  acquire under any statute,  provision of
the  Restated   Certificate  of  Incorporation,   Bylaw,   agreement,   vote  of
stockholders or disinterested directors, or otherwise.

     (d) Insurance.  The Corporation shall maintain in full force and effect, at
its own expense, director and officer liability insurance ("Insurance") coverage
for each director and officer in amounts and scope at least as favorable as that
maintained  by the  Corporation  on September  30, 1996,  or, to the extent more
favorable,   any  Insurance  policy  entered  into  or
                                      -6-
<PAGE>
renewed by the Corporation  following such date.  Notwithstanding the foregoing,
if the  Corporation,  after using its best  efforts,  cannot obtain and purchase
such  coverage  for an  amount  no more  than  what it paid for the most  recent
expiring  Insurance policy plus a reasonable  additional amount, the Corporation
shall only be  required  to  purchase  such  Insurance  coverage  for any act or
omission occurring at or prior to the time of such date.

     (e)  Enforceability;  Amendment.  The rights provided to any person by this
Bylaw shall be enforceable  against the Corporation by such person, who shall be
presumed to have relied upon it in serving or  continuing  to serve as an Agent,
as provided  above.  No  amendment  of this Bylaw shall impair the rights of any
person  arising  at any time  with  respect  to events  occurring  prior to such
amendment,  including, without limitation, any right of a director or officer to
Insurance  for any act or  omission  occurring  at or  prior to the time of such
amendment.

     Section 12.  Authority to Designate Place of  Stockholders'  Meetings.  The
Board is hereby  granted full power and authority to designate from time to time
any place  within  or  without  the State of  Delaware  for the  holding  of any
stockholders' meeting.

     Section 13. Committees of the Board. The Board may, by resolution,  appoint
one (1) or more committees of the Board, in addition to an Executive  Committee,
to consist of two (2) or more of the directors of the Corporation, and prescribe
their  duties and powers.  A majority of the members of any such  committee  may
determine its action and fix the time and place of its meetings unless the Board
shall  otherwise  provide.  The Board  shall  have the power at any time to fill
vacancies in, to change the membership of, or to dissolve any such committee.

     Section 14. Action by Written Consent.  Any action required or permitted to
be taken by the Board or any  committee  thereof may be taken without a meeting,
if all  members  of the  Board or such  committee,  as the  case  may be,  shall
individually  or  collectively  consent in writing to such action.  Such written
consent or consents  shall be filed with the minutes of the  proceedings  of the
Board.

     Section 15. Conference Calls. Members of the Board or any committee thereof
may  participate  in a meeting  through use of  conference  telephone or similar
communications  equipment,  so long as all members participating in such meeting
can hear one another.

                                    ARTICLE V
                               EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

     Section 1. Number and  Composition.  The Board of Directors  shall  appoint
from its membership,  annually,  an Executive Committee of the Board composed of
three (3) or more  directors.  Included on the Executive  Committee shall be the
Chairman  of the Board and Chief  Executive  Officer  of the  Corporation.  Each
member of the Executive  Committee  shall hold membership at the pleasure of the
Board,  which shall have the exclusive  power to fill vacancies  thereon as they
may occur. The Chairman of the Executive  Committee shall be the Chairman of the
Board and Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation.

     Section 2. Powers.  The Executive  Committee,  during the intervals between
meetings  of the  Board,  shall  have and there is hereby  granted to it all the
powers and authority of the Board of
                                      -7-
<PAGE>
Directors in the  management  of the  business  and affairs of the  Corporation,
except that the Executive  Committee shall not be permitted to fill vacancies on
the Board or on any committee, approve any action for which stockholder approval
is also required by the Delaware  General  Corporation  Law, amend or repeal any
resolution  of the  Board  which by its  express  terms is not so  amendable  or
repealable,  or appoint other committees of the Board or the members thereof and
shall not have any powers  restricted by Section 141(c) of the Delaware  General
Corporation Law unless the Board shall have specifically  delegated authority to
the  Executive  Committee to take action with respect to a matter listed in such
Section as permitted to be so delegated.

     Section 3.  Procedure.  Two (2) members of the  Executive  Committee  shall
constitute a quorum of the Executive  Committee for the transaction of business.
The Executive Committee, by vote of a majority of its members, shall fix its own
times and places of meetings and shall prescribe its own rules of procedure;  no
change in which shall be made save by a majority vote of its members.

     Section 4. Records and Reports.  The Executive Committee shall keep regular
minutes  of all  business  transacted  at its  meetings,  and all  action of the
Executive Committee shall be reported to the Board at its next ensuing meeting.

     Section 5.  Compensation.  Members of the  Executive  Committee may receive
such compensation,  if any, for their services, and such reimbursement for their
expenses, as may be fixed or determined by the Board.

                                   ARTICLE VI
                              MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE

     Section 1. Number and  Composition.  The Board of Directors  shall  appoint
annually  a  Management  Committee  of the  Corporation  composed  of the of the
Chairman and Chief  Executive  Officer and the Executive Vice  Presidents of the
Corporation.  The Chairman of the Management  Committee shall be the Chairman of
the Board and Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation.

     Section 2. Powers. The Management  Committee,  during the intervals between
meetings  of the  Board,  shall  have and there is hereby  granted to it all the
powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business
and affairs of the  Corporation  which may be  delegated  to officers  under the
Delaware  General  Corporation  Law,  including the  appointment  and removal of
subordinate  officers,  subject to approval limits  established by resolution of
the Board of Directors as deemed appropriate from time to time.

     Section 3.  Procedure.  Two (2) members of the Management  Committee  shall
constitute a quorum of the Management Committee for the transaction of business.
The Management Committee, by vote of a majority of its members may prescribe its
own rules of procedure; no change in which shall be made save by a majority vote
of its members.

     Section 4. Records. The Management Committee shall keep records of business
transacted at its meetings.
                                      -8-
<PAGE>
                                   ARTICLE VII
                                    OFFICERS

     Section 1. Officers. The officers of the Corporation shall be a Chairman of
the  Board  and Chief  Executive  Officer,  a Chief  Financial  Officer,  a Vice
President, a Secretary, a Comptroller,  a Treasurer, a Chief Legal Officer and a
Chief Information  Officer.  The Corporation may also have, at the discretion of
the Board, one (1) or more Vice  Presidents,  who may be designated as Executive
Vice  Presidents,  Group  Vice  Presidents,   Senior  Vice  Presidents  or  Vice
Presidents,  one (1) or more Assistant Chief Financial Officers, one (1) or more
Assistant Secretaries, one (1) or more Assistant Treasurers, and one (1) or more
Assistant Comptrollers,  and the Board may appoint such other officers as it may
deem  necessary or  advisable,  who shall have such  authority  and perform such
duties as from time to time may be  prescribed  by the Board or the  Chairman of
the Board and Chief Executive  Officer.  Any two (2) or more offices may be held
by the same person.

     Section 2. Election and Removal.  The officers of the Corporation  shall be
chosen  annually  by the Board at its annual  meeting and each shall hold office
until the corresponding annual meeting of the Board in the next year and until a
successor shall be elected and qualified  unless such officer shall  theretofore
resign or shall be removed or  otherwise  disqualified  to serve.  The Board may
remove any  officer  either  with or without  cause or under such other terms or
conditions as it may prescribe. Vacancies may be filled by the Board as they may
occur.

     Section 3.  Powers and Duties.

     (a) Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer.  The Chairman of the
Board and Chief Executive  Officer shall be the officer,  reporting  directly to
the Board,  responsible for overall management of the Corporation and shall have
general supervision,  direction and control over the business and affairs of the
Corporation  and its  officers.  The  Chairman of the Board and Chief  Executive
Officer  shall be a member  of the  Executive  Committee  and of the  Management
Committee  and in general  shall  perform  all duties  incident to the office of
Chief  Executive  Officer and shall have such powers and duties as may from time
to time be assigned by the Board of Directors or prescribed by the Bylaws.

     (b) Executive Vice  Presidents.  The Executive  Vice  Presidents in general
shall perform all duties incident to the office of Executive Vice President, and
shall have such  powers and duties as may from time to time be  assigned  by the
Board of  Directors,  the Chairman of the Board and Chief  Executive  Officer or
prescribed by the Bylaws.

     (c) Other Vice Presidents.  Other Vice Presidents, who may be designated as
Group Vice  Presidents,  Senior Vice Presidents or Vice  Presidents,  shall have
such  authority  and shall  perform  such  duties as shall  from time to time be
assigned  by the  Board of  Directors,  the  Chairman  of the  Board  and  Chief
Executive Officer, the Executive Vice Presidents or prescribed by the Bylaws.

     (d) Chief Financial  Officer.  The Chief Financial  Officer shall have such
authority  and shall  perform such duties as shall from time to time be assigned
by the  Board,  the  Chairman  of the  Board  and  Chief  Executive  Officer  or
prescribed by the Bylaws.
                                      -9-
<PAGE>
     (e) Assistant  Chief  Financial  Officer.  Each Assistant  Chief  Financial
Officer shall assist the Chief  Financial  Officer and shall perform such duties
as shall from time to time be assigned by the Board,  the  Chairman of the Board
and Chief Executive Officer or the Chief Financial Officer.

     (f)  Secretary.  The  Secretary  shall  keep,  or cause to be kept,  at the
principal  office  and/or such other  place or places as the Board may order,  a
book or books of minutes of all meetings of directors and stockholders, with the
time and place of  holding,  whether  regular or special,  and, if special,  how
authorized,  the notice thereof given,  the names of those present at directors'
meetings, the number of shares present or represented at stockholders' meetings,
and the proceedings thereof.

     The Secretary shall keep or cause to be kept at the principal office, or at
the office of the Corporation's  transfer agent, a stock register,  which may be
an  electronic  database,  showing the names of the  stockholders  of record and
their addresses,  the number and classes of shares held by each, the numbers and
dates of the certificates  issued for those shares, and the numbers and dates of
cancellation of every certificate surrendered for cancellation.

     The Secretary shall give or cause to be given notice of all meetings of the
stockholders  and the Board  required  to be given by the Bylaws or by law.  The
Secretary  shall have charge of and be custodian of the seal of the  Corporation
and the minute books and documents  relating to the existence and  governance of
the Corporation.

     The Secretary shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as
may from time to time be prescribed by the Board,  the Chairman of the Board and
Chief Executive Officer or the Bylaws, and shall in general,  subject to control
of the Board and the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer,  perform
all the duties usually incident to the office of secretary of a corporation.

     (g)  Assistant  Secretaries.  Each  Assistant  Secretary  shall  assist the
Secretary  and, in the absence or disability of the  Secretary,  may perform the
duties of the Secretary unless and until the contrary is expressed by the Board,
and may  perform  such  other  duties as may be  prescribed  by the Board or the
Secretary.

     (h) Treasurer.  The Treasurer  shall have custody of and be responsible for
all the monies and funds of the  Corporation.  The  Treasurer  shall  deposit or
cause to be deposited all Corporation  monies,  funds and other valuables in the
name and to the  credit  of the  Corporation  in such  bank or banks as shall be
judged  proper or as shall be directed by the Board,  the  Chairman of the Board
and Chief Executive Officer, or the Chief Financial Officer,  and shall disburse
the funds of the Corporation which have been duly approved for disbursement. The
Treasurer  shall  enter or cause to be  entered  regularly  in the  books of the
Corporation  full and accurate  accounts of all monies  received and paid out on
account of the Corporation.

     The Treasurer shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as
may from time to time be  prescribed  by the Board,  the
                                      -10-
<PAGE>
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive  Officer,  the Chief Financial Officer
or the  Bylaws,  and shall in  general,  subject to  control  of the Board,  the
Chairman  of the Board  and Chief  Executive  Officer,  and the Chief  Financial
Officer, perform all the duties usually incident to the office of treasurer of a
corporation.

     (i)  Assistant  Treasurers.  Each  Assistant  Treasurer  shall  assist  the
Treasurer  and, in the absence or disability of the  Treasurer,  may perform the
duties of the Treasurer unless and until the contrary is expressed by the Board,
and shall  perform  such other duties as may be  prescribed  by the Board or the
Treasurer.

     (j) Comptroller.  The Comptroller  shall be the principal officer in charge
of the general accounting books, accounting records and forms of the Corporation
and  shall see that all  monies  and  obligations  due the  Corporation  and all
properties and assets are properly  accounted for. The Comptroller shall prepare
the Corporation's balance sheets, income accounts and other financial statements
and  reports,  and  render to the  Board,  the  Chairman  of the Board and Chief
Executive  Officer,  and the Chief  Financial  Officer,  such  periodic  reports
covering the results of operations of the Corporation as may be required by them
or any of them.

     The Comptroller  shall have such other powers and perform such other duties
as may from time to time be prescribed  by the Board,  the Chairman of the Board
and Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer or the Bylaws and shall
in general, subject to control of the Board, the Chairman of the Board and Chief
Executive  Officer,  and the Chief  Financial  Officer,  perform  all the duties
usually incident to the office of comptroller of a corporation.

     (k) Assistant  Comptrollers.  Each Assistant  Comptroller  shall assist the
Comptroller  and, in the absence or disability of the  Comptroller,  may perform
the duties of the Comptroller  unless and until the contrary is expressed by the
Board,  and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board or
the Comptroller.

     (l) Chief Legal Officer.  The Chief Legal Officer shall be in charge of the
Corporation's legal affairs. The Chief Legal Officer shall advise the Board, the
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive  Officer and the other officers of the
Corporation on such legal matters and prepare such reports as may be required by
them or any of them.

     (m) Chief Information  Officer.  The Chief Information  Officer shall be in
charge  of the  Corporation's  information  technology.  The  Chief  Information
Officer  shall advise the Board,  the Chairman of the Board and Chief  Executive
Officer and the other officers of the Corporation on such information technology
matters and prepare such reports as may be required by them or any of them.

                                  ARTICLE VIII
                                  MISCELLANEOUS

     Section 1.  Execution  of  Documents.  Unless  otherwise  authorized  by or
pursuant to a  resolution  of the Board of  Directors,  all  contracts,  leases,
deeds, deeds of trust, mortgages, bonds, indentures, endorsements,  assignments,
powers of attorney, and other documents and instruments of whatsoever kind shall
be  executed  for and on behalf of the  Corporation  by the  Chairman  and Chief
Executive  Officer,  the Vice  Chairman,  the Chief  Financial  Officer,  a Vice
President,  the Treasurer,
                                      -11-
<PAGE>
the  Comptroller,  or by any such officer and shall be attested by the Secretary
or an Assistant Secretary,  who shall have authority to affix the corporate seal
to the same.

     Section  2.  Undertakings  and  Commitments.  No  undertaking,  commitment,
contract,  instrument or document shall be binding upon the  Corporation  unless
previously  authorized or  subsequently  ratified by the Board or executed by an
officer or  officers,  an  employee  or  employees  or an agent or agents of the
Corporation  acting under powers  conferred by or pursuant to  resolution of the
Board or by these Bylaws.

     Section 3. Checks, Drafts, etc. All checks, notes and other obligations for
collection, deposit or transfer, and all checks and drafts for disbursement from
Corporation  funds,  and all bills of exchange  and  promissory  notes,  and all
acceptances,  obligations and other instruments for the payment of money,  shall
be endorsed or signed by such  officer or  officers,  employee or  employees  or
agent or agents as shall be authorized from time to time to do so by or pursuant
to a resolution of the Board of Directors.

     Section 4. Representation of Shares of Other Corporations.  Shares standing
in the  name of the  Corporation  may be  voted or  represented  and all  rights
incident  thereto may be exercised on behalf of the  Corporation by the Chairman
of the Board and Chief Executive  Officer,  the Chief Financial  Officer, a Vice
President,  the Secretary,  the Treasurer or the  Comptroller,  or by such other
officers  upon whom the Board of  Directors  may from time to time  confer  like
powers.

                                   ARTICLE IX
                              AMENDMENTS TO BYLAWS

     Section 1. Power of Stockholders. New Bylaws may be adopted or these Bylaws
may be amended  or  repealed  by the vote of  seventy-five  (75)  percent of the
outstanding stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon.

     Section 2. Power of  Directors.  Subject  to the right of  stockholders  as
provided  in  Section 1 of this  Article  IX to adopt,  amend or repeal  Bylaws,
Bylaws may be adopted, amended or repealed by the Board of Directors as provided
or  permitted  by law;  however,  any Bylaw  amendment  adopted  by the Board of
Directors  increasing or reducing the authorized number of directors or amending
this Section shall require a resolution  adopted by the affirmative  vote of not
less than seventy-five (75) percent of the directors.

                                    ARTICLE X
                                    EMERGENCY

     Section 1. "Emergency" as used in this Article means disorder,  disturbance
or damage  caused by war,  enemy attack,  other warlike acts or by  catastrophe,
disaster or other similar  emergency  condition,  which prevents the conduct and
management  of the  affairs  and  business  of the  Corporation  by the Board of
Directors  and officers in the manner  provided  for in other  Articles of these
Bylaws.  The powers and duties  conferred and imposed by this  Article,  and any
resolutions  adopted  pursuant  hereto,   shall  be  effective  only  during  an
emergency.  This  Article may be  implemented  from time to time by  resolutions
adopted by the Board of Directors  before or during an  emergency,  or during an
emergency by the emergency Board of Directors constituted and then
                                      -12-
<PAGE>
acting  pursuant  hereto.  An  emergency,  once  commenced,  shall be  deemed to
continue until  terminated by resolutions  adopted for that purpose by the Board
of Directors.

     Section 2. If,  during an  emergency,  a majority of the Board of Directors
cannot be found or is unable to act,  one-third (1/3) of the exact number of the
Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum thereof.

     Section  3.  During  any  emergency,  the  officers  and  employees  of the
Corporation  shall continue,  so far as possible,  to conduct the  Corporation's
affairs  and  business  under  the  guidance  of the Board of  Directors  acting
pursuant to this Article and in  accordance  with known  orders of  governmental
authorities.

     Section 4. If, during any emergency, a quorum of the Board of Directors, as
provided in Section 3 of this Article,  cannot be found or is unable to act, any
three (3) available members of the Executive  Committee,  including the Chairman
of the Board and Chief Executive  Officer,  shall be and constitute the Board of
Directors,  with two (2) thereof  constituting a quorum,  and as such shall have
and  exercise the fullest  power of the Board of  Directors  for the conduct and
management  of the affairs and  business of the  Corporation,  permitted by law,
without  the  limitations  set forth in Section 2 of ARTICLE V of these  Bylaws,
provided that such emergency  Board of Directors as so constituted  shall comply
to the extent practicable under the circumstances with the provisions of ARTICLE
III of these Bylaws relating to annual and special meetings of stockholders.  If
three (3) members of the  Executive  Committee,  including  the  Chairman of the
Board  and  Chief  Executive  Officer,  are not able to  serve,  any  three  (3)
available  directors  shall be and constitute such emergency Board of Directors,
with two (2)  thereof  constituting  a quorum,  for the  exercise  of the powers
conferred and performance of the duties imposed by this Section 4.

     Section  5. If,  during  any  emergency,  neither  a quorum of the Board of
Directors,  as  provided  in  Section  3 of this  Article,  nor a quorum  of the
emergency  Board of  Directors,  as provided for in Section 4 of this Article is
available to serve,  then the powers  conferred and duties  imposed by Section 4
shall  vest in and  devolve  upon any  three (3) of (in the  following  order of
priority) available  directors,  Executive Vice Presidents,  the Chief Financial
Officer, and as many other Vice Presidents (or, in case of their inability,  any
other officers), in order of seniority, as may be necessary from time to time to
constitute a total of three (3) emergency  directors.  The Chairman of the Board
and Chief  Executive  Officer  and any other one (1)  emergency  director  shall
constitute a quorum of such  emergency  Board of  Directors  for exercise of the
powers  conferred and  performance of the duties imposed  hereunder,  but if the
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer is not available,  any two (2)
of such emergency directors shall constitute a quorum.
                                      -13-



                                                                      EXHIBIT 99
                                     BYLAWS
                                       OF
                         UNION OIL COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA
                            a California Corporation
                           (Effective January 1, 2000)


                                    ARTICLE I
                                   FISCAL YEAR

     Section 1. The fiscal year of Union Oil Company of California  (hereinafter
called the  "Company")  shall end on the  thirty-first  day of  December of each
year.

                                   ARTICLE II
                                     OFFICES

     Section 1. Principal  Office.  The principal  office for the transaction of
business of the Company is hereby  fixed and located at 2141  Rosecrans  Avenue,
Suite  4000,  in the  City  of El  Segundo,  County  of Los  Angeles,  State  of
California. The Board of Directors (hereinafter sometimes called the "Board") is
hereby granted full power and authority to change said principal office from one
location to another in said county.

                                   ARTICLE III
                                  SHAREHOLDERS

     Section 1. Annual Meetings.  The annual meetings of the shareholders  shall
be held at a time to be fixed by resolution of the Board on the fourth Monday in
May of each year, if not a legal holiday,  for the purpose of electing directors
and for the  transaction of any other business which is within the powers of the
shareholders. If the fourth Monday in May is a legal holiday, the annual meeting
of the shareholders shall be held on the preceding or subsequent Monday as fixed
by resolution of the Board.  The mailing of an annual report to the shareholders
not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year is waived.

     Section 2. Special  Meetings.  Special meetings of the shareholders for any
purpose  whatsoever  may be called at any time by the  Chairman of the Board and
Chief Executive Officer,  the Board, or by one or more shareholders  holding not
less than ten percent of the voting power of the Company upon request in writing
to the Chairman of the Board and Chief  Executive  Officer,  a Vice President or
the Secretary.  The business transacted at special meetings shall be confined to
the purpose or purposes stated in the notice of such meetings.

     Section 3.  Notice of  Meetings.  Written  notice of each annual or special
meeting of  shareholders  shall be given to each  shareholder  entitled  to vote
thereat not less than ten nor more than sixty days before the meeting.
<PAGE>
     Section 4. Place of Meetings. All meetings of shareholders,  whether annual
or  special,  shall be held at the  principal  office of the  Company or at such
other place,  within or without the State of  California,  as the Board may from
time to time  designate  pursuant to  authority  hereinafter  granted it. In the
absence of any such  designation,  shareholders'  meetings  shall be held at the
principal office of the Company.

     Section 5. Voting  Rights.  Shareholders  entitled  to vote at  shareholder
meetings  shall be  entitled  to one vote for each full  share.  A fraction of a
share or a  fractional  interest  in a share shall not be entitled to any voting
rights whatsoever.

     Section 6. Conduct of Meetings.  The decisions of the Chairman of the Board
or officer presiding at all  shareholders'  meetings shall govern in all matters
relating to the conduct of the meeting.

     Section  7.  Voting.  Directors  shall be elected  in  accordance  with the
provisions of the California  Corporations Code by holders of shares entitled to
vote in the election.

     Section 8. Action  Without a Meeting.  Any action which may be taken at any
annual or special  meeting  may be taken  without a meeting  and  without  prior
notice,  if a consent in writing,  setting  forth the action so taken,  shall be
signed by the holders of the outstanding shares having not less than the minimum
number of votes that would be  necessary  to  authorize or take such action at a
meeting at which all shares  entitled to vote  thereon  were  present and voted.
Directors  may not be elected by written  consent  except by  unanimous  written
consent of all shares entitled to vote for the election of directors.

                                   ARTICLE IV
                               BOARD OF DIRECTORS

     Section 1. Powers.  Subject to the  limitations of the Restated and Amended
Articles  of  Incorporation  of  the  Company  and  of  the  California  General
Corporation  Law as to action  required  or  authorized  to be  approved  by the
shareholders,  all corporate powers shall be exercised by or under the authority
of, and the business  and affairs of the Company  shall be managed by, the Board
of Directors.

     Section 2. Number. The number of directors of the Company shall not be less
than  three (3) nor more than five (5).  The exact  number of  directors  of the
Company shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.

     Section 3. Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Board. The Board shall elect a
Chairman,  who shall also be an officer of the Company and who shall  preside at
all  meetings  of the Board of  Directors  and shall have such other  powers and
duties  as may  from  time to time be  assigned  by the  Board of  Directors  or
prescribed by the Bylaws. The Board may also appoint a Vice Chairman,  who shall
preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors in the absence of the Chairman
and shall have such other powers and duties as may from time to time be assigned
by the Board of Directors or prescribed by the Bylaws.
                                      -2-
<PAGE>
     Section 4. Annual  Meetings.  Immediately  following each annual meeting of
shareholders,  the Board  shall  hold its  annual  meeting  for the  purpose  of
organization, election of officers and the transaction of any other business.

     Section 5. Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board shall be held at
the times and on the dates fixed by resolution of the Board.

     Section 6. Special Meetings.  Special meetings of the Board for any purpose
or  purposes  whatsoever  may be called by the  Chairman  of the Board and Chief
Executive  Officer  or,  in his  absence  or  inability,  by an  Executive  Vice
President,  the Chief Financial Officer, or by at least two (2) of the directors
at the time in office.

     Section 7. Notice of  Meetings.  Notice of annual  meetings  and of regular
meetings of the Board is hereby dispensed with.  Notice of special meetings must
be given at least two days in advance if given by mail,  or at least one hour in
advance if delivered personally or given by telephone or other electronic means.

     Section 8. Place of Meetings.  All meetings of the Board,  whether  annual,
regular or special  meetings,  shall be held at any place  within or without the
State of California which has been designated from time to time by resolution of
the Board or in the notice of the  meeting.  In the absence of such  designation
all directors' meetings shall be held at the principal office of the Company.

     Section 9. Quorum.  The higher of two (2) or one-third  (1/3) of the number
of directors fixed by resolution  adopted  pursuant to Section 2 of this Article
IV of the Bylaws shall  constitute  a quorum of the Board of  Directors  for the
transaction of business;  provided,  however, that vacancies on the Board may be
filled by a majority of the remaining directors or by a sole remaining director,
each such  director to hold office  until a successor is elected at an annual or
special meeting of the shareholders.

     Section 10. Compensation of Directors.  Directors and members of committees
appointed  by the Board  shall  receive  such  compensation,  if any,  for their
services,  and  such  reimbursement  for  their  expenses  as  may be  fixed  or
determined  by  resolution  of the Board.  The Board may,  however,  in any such
resolution  provide that  directors who are also employees of the Company or any
of its subsidiaries shall not receive additional  compensation for services as a
director or member of a committee appointed by the Board.

     Section 11.  Indemnification  of Directors,  Officers,  Employees and Other
Agents.

     (a) The Company shall,  to the maximum  extent  permitted by the California
General  Corporation  Law,  indemnify each of its directors and officers against
all expense, liability, and loss, including without limitation, attorneys' fees,
judgments,  fines, ERISA excise taxes, penalties,  amounts paid or to be paid in
settlement,  and any other  amounts  actually  incurred in  connection  with any
proceeding  arising  by reason of the fact any such  person is or was a director
                                      -3-
<PAGE>
or officer of the Company and shall advance to such director or officer expenses
incurred in defending  any such  proceeding to the maximum  extent  permitted by
such law. For purposes of this section, a "director" or "officer" of the Company
includes any person who is or was a director or officer of the Company, or is or
was serving at the request of the Company as a director,  officer,  trustee,  or
fiduciary, or in a similar capacity, of another foreign or domestic corporation,
limited  liability  company,  partnership,  joint venture,  trust,  or any other
enterprise  or entity  whatsoever,  including  without  limitation  service with
respect to employee benefit plans.

     (b) The Board of Directors  may in its  discretion  provide by  resolution,
either on a general  basis or as to specific  employees  or agents,  for similar
indemnification  of, or advance of expenses to, other employees or agents of the
Company,  and likewise may refuse to provide for such indemnification or advance
of expenses  except to the extent such  indemnification  is mandatory  under the
California General Corporation Law.

     (c) The  Company  shall  maintain  in full  force  and  effect,  at its own
expense,  director and officer liability  insurance  ("Insurance")  coverage for
each  director  and officer in amounts and scope at least as  favorable  as that
maintained  by the  Company  on  September  30,  1996,  or, to the  extent  more
favorable, any Insurance policy entered into or renewed by the Company following
such date.  Notwithstanding the foregoing,  if the Company, after using its best
efforts,  cannot  obtain and purchase  such  coverage for an amount no more than
what it paid for the most recent  expiring  Insurance  policy plus a  reasonable
additional amount, the Company shall only be required to purchase such Insurance
coverage for any act or omission occurring at or prior to the time of such date.

     (d) The rights  provided to any person by this bylaw  shall be  enforceable
against the Company by such person, who shall be presumed to have relied upon it
in serving or continuing to serve as a director or officer,  as provided  above.
No amendment of this bylaw shall impair the rights of any person  arising at any
time  with  respect  to events  occurring  prior to such  amendment,  including,
without limitation,  any right of a director or officer to Insurance for any act
or omission occurring at or prior to the time of such amendment.

     Section 12.  Authority to Designate Place of  Shareholders'  Meetings.  The
Board is hereby  granted full power and authority to designate from time to time
any place  within or  without  the State of  California  for the  holding of any
shareholders' meeting, whether annual or special.

     Section  13.  Committees  of the  Board.  A majority  of the Board may,  by
resolution,  appoint one or more  committees of the Board, to consist of two (2)
or more of the directors of the Company,  and prescribe their duties and powers.
Two of the members of any such  committee  may  determine its action and fix the
time and place of its meetings  unless the Board shall  otherwise  provide.  The
Board  shall  have the power at any time to fill  vacancies  in,  to change  the
membership of, or to dissolve any such committee.

     Section 14. Action by Written Consent.  Any action required or permitted to
be taken by the Board or any  committee  thereof may be taken without a meeting,
if all  members  of the  Board or such  committee,  as the  case  may be,  shall
individually  or  collectively  consent in writing to such
                                      -4-
<PAGE>
action.  Such written consent or consents shall be filed with the minutes of the
proceedings of the Board.

     Section 15. Conference Calls. Members of the Board or any committee thereof
may  participate  in a meeting  through use of  conference  telephone or similar
communications equipment as permitted by the California General Corporation Law.

                               ARTICLE V OFFICERS

     Section 1. Officers. The officers of the Company shall be a Chairman of the
Board and Chief Executive  Officer, a Chief Financial Officer, a Vice President,
a  Secretary,  a  Comptroller,  a Treasurer,  a Chief Legal  Officer and a Chief
Information  Officer. The Company may also have, at the discretion of the Board,
one  (1) or more  Vice  Presidents,  who may be  designated  as  Executive  Vice
Presidents,  Group Vice  Presidents,  Senior Vice Presidents or Vice Presidents,
one (1) or more Assistant  Chief Financial  Officers,  one (1) or more Assistant
Secretaries, one (1) or more Assistant Treasurers, and one (1) or more Assistant
Comptrollers,  and the Board may  appoint  such  other  officers  as it may deem
necessary or advisable, who shall have such authority and perform such duties as
from time to time may be  prescribed  by the Board or the  Chairman of the Board
and Chief Executive Officer. Any two (2) or more offices may be held by the same
person.

     Section 2.  Election  and  Removal.  The  officers of the Company  shall be
chosen  annually  by the Board at its annual  meeting and each shall hold office
until the corresponding annual meeting of the Board in the next year and until a
successor shall be elected and qualified  unless such officer shall  theretofore
resign or shall be removed or  otherwise  disqualified  to serve.  The Board may
remove any  officer  either  with or without  cause or under such other terms or
conditions as it may prescribe. Vacancies may be filled by the Board as they may
occur.

     Section 3.  Powers and Duties.

     (a) Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer.  The Chairman of the
Board and Chief Executive  Officer shall be the officer,  reporting  directly to
the Board,  responsible  for  overall  management  of the Company and shall have
general supervision,  direction and control over the business and affairs of the
Company and its officers.  The Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
shall perform all duties incident to the office of Chief  Executive  Officer and
shall have such  powers and duties as may from time to time be  assigned  by the
Board of Directors or prescribed by the Bylaws.

     (b) Executive Vice  Presidents.  The Executive  Vice  Presidents in general
shall perform all duties incident to the office of Executive Vice President, and
shall have such  powers and duties as may from time to time be  assigned  by the
Board of  Directors,  the Chairman of the Board and Chief  Executive  Officer or
prescribed by the Bylaws.

     (c) Other Vice Presidents.  Other Vice Presidents, who may be designated as
Group Vice  Presidents,  Senior Vice Presidents or Vice  Presidents,  shall have
such  authority  and shall  perform  such  duties as shall  from time to time be
assigned by the Board of Directors,  the Chairman
                                      -5-
<PAGE>
of the Board and Chief  Executive  Officer,  the  Executive  Vice  Presidents or
prescribed by the Bylaws.

     (d) Chief Financial  Officer.  The Chief Financial  Officer shall have such
authority  and shall  perform such duties as shall from time to time be assigned
by the  Board,  the  Chairman  of the  Board  and  Chief  Executive  Officer  or
prescribed by the Bylaws.

     (e) Assistant  Chief  Financial  Officer.  Each Assistant  Chief  Financial
Officer shall assist the Chief  Financial  Officer and shall perform such duties
as shall from time to time be assigned  by the Board,  Chairman of the Board and
the Chief Executive Officer or the Chief Financial Officer.

     (f)  Secretary.  The  Secretary  shall  keep,  or cause to be kept,  at the
Company's  offices,  a  book  of  minutes  of  all  meetings  of  directors  and
shareholders.

     The Secretary shall keep or cause to be kept at the principal office, or at
the office of the Company's  transfer agent, a share  register,  which may be an
electronic  database,  showing the names of the shareholders of record and their
addresses,  the number and classes of shares held by each, the numbers and dates
of the  certificates  issued  for those  shares,  and the  numbers  and dates of
cancellation of every certificate surrendered for cancellation.

     The Secretary shall give or cause to be given notice of all meetings of the
shareholders  and the Board  required  to be given by the Bylaws or by law.  The
Secretary  shall have charge of and be  custodian of the seal of the Company and
the minute books and documents  relating to the existence and  governance of the
Company.

     The Secretary shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as
may from time to time be prescribed by the Board,  the Chairman of the Board and
Chief Executive Officer or the Bylaws, and shall in general,  subject to control
of the Board and the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer,  perform
all the duties usually incident to the office of secretary of a corporation.

     (g)  Assistant  Secretaries.  Each  Assistant  Secretary  shall  assist the
Secretary  and, in the absence or disability of the  Secretary,  may perform the
duties of the Secretary unless and until the contrary is expressed by the Board,
and shall  perform  such other duties as may be  prescribed  by the Board or the
Secretary.

     (h) Treasurer.  The Treasurer  shall have custody of and be responsible for
all the monies and funds of the Company. The Treasurer shall deposit or cause to
be deposited all Company  monies,  funds and other  valuables in the name and to
the  credit of the  Company in such bank or banks as shall be proper or as shall
be directed by the Board, the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer,
or the Chief  Financial  Officer,  and shall  disburse  the funds of the Company
which have been duly approved for  disbursement.  The  Treasurer  shall enter or
cause to be entered  regularly  in the books of the  Company  full and  accurate
accounts of all monies received and paid out on account of the Company.
                                      -6-
<PAGE>
     The Treasurer shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as
may from time to time be prescribed by the Board,  Chairman of the Board and the
Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer or the Bylaws, and shall in
general,  subject to control of the Board,  the  Chairman of the Board and Chief
Executive  Officer,  and the Chief  Financial  Officer,  perform  all the duties
usually incident to the office of treasurer of a corporation.

     (i)  Assistant  Treasurers.  Each  Assistant  Treasurer  shall  assist  the
Treasurer  and, in the absence or disability of the  Treasurer,  may perform the
duties of Treasurer unless and until the contrary is expressed by the Board, and
shall  perform  such  other  duties  as may be  prescribed  by the  Board or the
Treasurer.

     (j) Comptroller.  The Comptroller  shall be the principal officer in charge
of the general accounting books, accounting records and forms of the Company and
shall see that all monies and obligations due the Company and all properties and
assets are properly  accounted for. The Comptroller  shall prepare the Company's
balance sheets,  income accounts and other financial statements and reports, and
render to the Board, the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer,  and
the Chief  Financial  Officer,  such  periodic  reports  covering the results of
operations of the Company as may be required by them or any of them.

     The Comptroller  shall have such other powers and perform such other duties
as may from time to time be prescribed  by the Board,  the Chairman of the Board
and Chief  Executive  Officer,  the Chief Financial  Officer or the Bylaws,  and
shall in general, subject to control of the Board, the Chairman of the Board and
Chief Executive Officer, and the Chief Financial Officer, perform all the duties
usually incident to the office of comptroller of a corporation.

     (k) Assistant  Comptrollers.  Each Assistant  Comptroller  shall assist the
Comptroller  and, in the absence or disability of the  Comptroller,  may perform
the duties of the Comptroller  unless and until the contrary is expressed by the
Board,  and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board or
the Comptroller.

     (l) Chief Legal Officer.  The Chief Legal Officer shall be in charge of the
Company's  legal  affairs.  The Chief Legal Officer shall advise the Board,  the
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive  Officer and the other officers of the
Company on such legal  matters  and prepare  such  reports as may be required by
them or any of them.

     (m) Chief Information  Officer.  The Chief Information  Officer shall be in
charge of the Company's  information  technology.  The Chief Information Officer
shall advise the Board,  the Chairman of the Board and Chief  Executive  Officer
and the other officers of the Company on such information technology matters and
prepare such reports as may be required by them or any of them.
                                      -7-
<PAGE>
                                   ARTICLE VI
                                  MISCELLANEOUS

     Section 1.  Execution  of  Documents.  Unless  otherwise  authorized  by or
pursuant to a  resolution  of the Board of  Directors,  all  contracts,  leases,
deeds, deeds of trust, mortgages, bonds, indentures, endorsements,  assignments,
powers of attorney to transfer stock or for other purposes,  and other documents
and  instruments  of whatsoever  kind shall be executed for and on behalf of the
Company  by the  Chairman  of the Board and Chief  Executive  Officer,  the Vice
Chairman,  the Chief Financial  Officer,  a Vice President,  the Treasurer,  the
Comptroller, or by any such officer and shall be attested by the Secretary or an
Assistant Secretary, who shall have authority to affix the corporate seal to the
same.

     Section  2.  Undertakings  and  Commitments.  No  undertaking,  commitment,
contract,  instrument  or  document  shall be binding  upon the  Company  unless
previously  authorized or  subsequently  ratified by the Board or executed by an
officer or  officers,  an  employee  or  employees  or an agent or agents of the
Company  acting  under powers  conferred  by or pursuant to a resolution  of the
Board or by these Bylaws.

     Section 3. Checks, Drafts, etc. All checks, notes and other obligations for
collection, deposit or transfer, and all checks and drafts for disbursement from
Company  funds,  and  all  bills  of  exchange  and  promissory  notes,  and all
acceptances,  obligations and other instruments for the payment of money,  shall
be endorsed or signed by such  officer or  officers,  employee or  employees  or
agent or agents as shall be authorized from time to time to do so by or pursuant
to a resolution of the Board of Directors.

     Section 4. Representation of Shares of Other Corporations.  Shares standing
in the name of the Company may be voted or represented  and all rights  incident
thereto may be  exercised  on behalf of the Company by the Chairman of the Board
and Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, a Vice President,  the
Secretary, the Treasurer or the Comptroller, or by such other officers upon whom
the Board of Directors may from time to time confer like powers.

                                   ARTICLE VII
                                   AMENDMENTS

     Section 1. Power of Shareholders. New Bylaws may be adopted or these Bylaws
may be  amended  or  repealed  by the vote or  written  assent  of  shareholders
entitled to exercise a majority of the voting power of the Company.

     Section 2. Power of  Directors.  Subject  to the right of  shareholders  as
provided  in Section 1 of this  Article  VII to adopt,  amend or repeal  Bylaws,
Bylaws may be adopted, amended or repealed by the Board of Directors as provided
or permitted by law.
                                      -8-
<PAGE>
                                  ARTICLE VIII
                                    EMERGENCY

     Section 1. "Emergency" as used in this Article means disorder,  disturbance
or damage  caused by war,  enemy attack,  other warlike acts or by  catastrophe,
disaster or other similar  emergency  condition,  which prevents the conduct and
management  of the affairs and business of the Company by the Board of Directors
and officers in the manner  provided for in other Articles of these Bylaws.  The
powers and duties  conferred  and imposed by this Article,  and any  resolutions
adopted  pursuant  hereto,  shall be effective  only during an  emergency.  This
Article may be implemented from time to time by resolutions adopted by the Board
of  Directors  before or  during an  emergency,  or during an  emergency  by the
emergency Board of Directors  constituted and then acting  pursuant  hereto.  An
emergency,  once  commenced,  shall be deemed to continue  until  terminated  by
resolutions adopted for that purpose by the Board of Directors.


     Section 2. If, during any emergency,  a quorum of the Board of Directors is
not available to serve, then, in the following order of priority,  any available
director and as many other Vice Presidents (or, in case of their inability,  any
other officers), in order of seniority, as may be necessary from time to time to
constitute a total of two emergency directors, shall be and constitute the Board
of Directors, and as such shall have and exercise the fullest power of the Board
of Directors  for the conduct and  management of the affairs and business of the
Company  permitted by law, provided that such emergency Board of Directors as so
constituted shall comply to the extent  practicable under the circumstances with
the  provisions  of ARTICLE III of these  Bylaws  relating to annual and special
meetings of shareholders. Any two of such emergency directors shall constitute a
quorum.

     Section 3. During any emergency,  the officers and employees of the Company
shall  continue,  so far as  possible,  to conduct  the  Company's  affairs  and
business  under the guidance of the Board of Directors  acting  pursuant to this
Article and in accordance with known orders of governmental authorities.
                                      -9-



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