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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 21, 2000
Registration No. 333-_____
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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_____________________________
FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
_____________________________
CARDIODYNAMICS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
California 95-3533362
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. employer
incorporation or organization) identification number)
_____________________________
6175 Nancy Ridge Drive, Suite 300, San Diego, California 92121
(858) 535-0202
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code,
of registrant's principal executive offices)
_____________________________
Michael K. Perry
Chief Executive Officer
CardioDynamics International Corporation
6175 Nancy Ridge Drive, Suite 300, San Diego, California 92121
(858) 535-0202
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code,
of agent for service)
_____________________________
Copy to:
David R. Snyder, Esq.
Pillsbury Madison & Sutro LLP
101 West Broadway, Suite 1800
San Diego, California 92101
_____________________________
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:
As soon as practicable after the effective date of this registration statement.
_____________________________
If the only securities being registered on this form are being offered pursuant
to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box.[_]
If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a
delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of
1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest
reinvestment plans, check the following box.[X]
If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant
to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list
the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective
registration statement for the same offering. [_] ____________
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under
the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same offering. [_] ________________
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434,
please check the following box. [_]
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
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Title of Shares Amount To Be Proposed Maximum Offering Proposed Maximum Aggregate Amount of
To Be Registered Registered Price Per Unit/(1)/ Offering Price/(1)/ Registration Fee
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<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Common stock, no par value per share 3,347,267 shares $4.50 $15,062,702 $3,976.55
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(1) Estimated solely for the purpose of computing the registration fee in
accordance with Rule 457(c) of the Securities Act of 1933 based upon the
average of the high and low prices of the common stock on August 16, 2000.
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates
as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file
a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement
shall thereafter become effective in accordance with section 8(a) of the
Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become
effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting
pursuant to said section 8(a), may determine.
________________________________________________________________________________
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++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ The information contained in this prospectus is not complete and may be +
+ changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement +
+ filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is declared effective. +
+ This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities, and it is not +
+ soliciting an offer to buy these securities, in any state where the offer or +
+ sale is not permitted. You should rely only on the information contained in +
+ this prospectus. +
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS Subject to completion, August 21, 2000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3,347,267 Shares
CARDIODYNAMICS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
Common Stock
____________
These 3,347,267 shares are being sold by the selling shareholders who
purchased them from us at $5.59 per share through a private placement completed
as of July 21, 2000. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by
the selling shareholders. This offering is not being underwritten. The last
reported sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq National Market on August
16, 2000 was $4.50 per share.
Nasdaq National Market Symbol--CDIC
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. See "Risk
Factors" beginning on page 5.
The selling shareholders may offer and sell their shares in transactions on
the Nasdaq National Market, in negotiated transactions, or both. These sales may
occur at fixed prices that are subject to change, at prices that are determined
by prevailing market prices, or at negotiated prices.
The selling shareholders may sell shares to or through broker-dealers, who
may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions
from the selling shareholders, the purchasers of the shares, or both. We will
not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the shares.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities
commission has approved or disapproved these securities or determined if this
prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a
criminal offense.
____________
Prospectus dated , 2000
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Page
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WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT US......................... 2
INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE...................................... 2
ABOUT CARDIODYNAMICS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION............................. 3
RISK FACTORS............................................................... 5
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS................................................. 13
USE OF PROCEEDS............................................................ 13
SELLING SHAREHOLDERS....................................................... 13
PLAN DISTRIBUTION.......................................................... 15
LEGAL MATTERS.............................................................. 16
EXPERTS.................................................................... 16
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WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT US
We have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission a registration
statement on Form S-3, including the exhibits and schedules thereto, under the
Securities Act of 1933 with respect to the offering and sale of the common stock
offered by this prospectus. This prospectus does not contain all the information
set forth in the registration statement. For further information about us and
the common stock to be sold in this offering, please refer to the registration
statement. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any
contract, agreement or other document are not necessarily complete, and in each
instance you should refer to the copy of the contract, agreement or other
document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement.
We file annual, quarterly and special reports, proxy statements and other
information with the SEC. You may read and copy all or any portion of the
registration statement or any reports, statements or other information that we
file with the SEC at the SEC's public reference room at Room 1024, Judiciary
Plaza, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549 and at the regional
offices of the SEC located at Seven World Trade Center, 13th Floor, New York,
New York 10048 and the Northwestern Atrium Center, 500 West Madison Street,
Suite 1400, Chicago, Illinois 60661. You can request copies of these documents
upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Please call the SEC at
1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference
rooms. Our SEC filings, including the registration statement, will also be
available to you on the SEC's web site. The address of this site is
http://www.sec.gov.
INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any future
filings made by us with the SEC under sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from the date of the registration statement of
which this prospectus is a part until the sale of all of the shares of common
stock that are part of this offering. The information incorporated by reference
is considered to be part of this prospectus, and information that we file later
with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information from the
date of the filing of such information. The documents that we are incorporating
by reference are as follows:
. our annual report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended November 30, 1999;
. our quarterly report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended February 29,
2000;
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. our quarterly report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended May 31, 2000;
and
. the description of our common stock contained in our registration
statement on Form 8-A declared effective by the SEC on April 19, 1984,
including any amendments or reports filed for the purpose of updating that
description.
Any statement contained in a document that is incorporated by reference
will be modified or superseded for all purposes to the extent that a statement
contained in this prospectus (or in any other document that is subsequently
filed with the SEC and incorporated by reference) modifies or is contrary to
that previous statement. Any statement so modified or superseded will not be
deemed a part of this prospectus except as so modified or superseded.
You may request a copy of these filings (other than exhibits unless such
exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference therein) at no cost by
writing or telephoning Ms. Bonnie Dupuis in our investor relations department at
the following address and telephone number:
CardioDynamics International Corporation
6175 Nancy Ridge Drive, Suite 300
San Diego, California 92121
(858) 535-0202, extension 1005
ABOUT CARDIODYNAMICS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
Our proprietary, patented technology noninvasively monitors the heart's
ability to deliver blood to the body. Our products measure 12 significant
hemodynamic (blood flow) parameters, the most prevalent of which is cardiac
output, or the amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute. Our lead
product, the BioZ.com(R), has been cleared by the FDA and carries the CE mark.
We sell to US physicians through a 30-person direct sales force. We distribute
our products to domestic hospitals and targeted international markets through a
strategic alliance with General Electric Marquette Medical Systems (GEMMS). In
November 1998, the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) mandated Medicare
reimbursement for our BioZ(R) procedures. We have an installed base of nearly
800 units in over 450 physician offices and hospital sites throughout the world.
Our products help physicians assess, diagnose and treat cardiovascular
disease, which is the number one killer of adults in the United States.
According to the American Heart Association (AHA), approximately one in five
Americans has some form of cardiovascular disease. The AHA estimates that over
$300 billion will be spent in the United States during 2000 as a result of
cardiovascular disease and stroke. This figure includes both the direct costs
associated with physicians and other professionals, hospital and nursing home
services and medication and the indirect costs associated with lost productivity
resulting from morbidity and mortality.
Electrocardiography (EKG or ECG) is a widely used noninvasive assessment of
the heart. Its limitation is that it only measures the electrical
characteristics of the heart. Our impedance cardiography (ICG) technology
noninvasively quantifies the mechanical function of the heart. Conditions that
can interfere with the proper mechanical functioning of the heart include
hypertension (high blood pressure), congestive heart failure, pulmonary disease,
high-risk pregnancy and kidney dysfunction. Our technology complements EKG and
supplements information obtained through the five vital signs - heart rate,
respiration rate, body temperature, blood pressure and oxygen saturation -
immediately, safely and cost effectively. We consider noninvasive cardiac output
to be the "Sixth Vital Sign(TM)."
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Currently, the primary method used to measure hemodynamic parameters is
pulmonary artery catheterization (PAC). The invasive PAC procedure requires
hospitalization and involves an incision into the patient's neck or groin region
and the insertion of a catheter (plastic tube) through the heart directly into
the pulmonary artery. Complications associated with this procedure occur in as
many as one in four reported cases and include irregular heartbeats, infection,
pulmonary artery rupture and death.
Because of the high risk of complications, physicians generally prescribe
PAC only for critically ill patients. In the nonsterile environment of a
physician's office or outpatient clinic, PAC is simply unavailable. As a result,
in the great majority of situations the physician seeking to diagnose
cardiovascular disease must indirectly assess the patient's hemodynamic status
by measuring blood pressure, checking the pulse, looking at neck veins and
employing subjective examination techniques that are prone to human error. A
compelling need exists for objective, noninvasive measurement tools, such as our
BioZ(R) systems, that physicians can safely prescribe more frequently and at an
earlier stage in treatment.
During ICG monitoring using our BioZ(R) systems, a painless electrical
signal is sent through our proprietary sensors on the patient's neck and chest.
Our sophisticated Digital Impedance Signal Quantifier (DISQ(TM)) technology and
impedance modulating aortic compliance (ZMARC(TM)) algorithm analyze and record
significant hemodynamic parameters. Based on this data, a physician can assess
the patient's condition, customize treatment, monitor patient compliance,
analyze the effectiveness of prescribed medications and more accurately identify
potential complications.
Our objective is to establish the BioZ(R) product line as a standard of
care in cardiovascular medicine. Specifically, our strategy is to:
. accelerate market penetration through our direct sales force;
. broaden our distribution channels through strategic relationships;
. secure additional recurring revenue by developing enhanced proprietary
sensors;
. maintain market leadership through product improvements and extensions;
. target new market opportunities through technology development; and
. develop ICG products for home healthcare.
We were incorporated as a California corporation in 1980 and changed our
name in 1993. Our principal executive offices are located at 6175 Nancy Ridge
Drive, Suite 300, San Diego, California 92121, and our telephone number is 858-
535-0202. Our common stock trades under the symbol CDIC. Our website address is
www.cdic.com. Information contained in our web site should not be considered
part of this prospectus. In this prospectus, the terms "we," "us," "our" and
"CardioDynamics" mean CardioDynamics International Corporation (unless the
context indicates another meaning).
BioZ(R), BioZ.com(R), BioZ.sim(TM), BioZ.tel(TM), BioZ.pc(TM),
BioZ.net(TM), BioZtect, BioZ.buy(TM), Sixth Vital Sign(TM), DISQ(TM), ZMARC(TM),
ZCare(R) and the CardioDynamics logo are our trademarks. All rights reserved.
All other trademarks, servicemarks or trade names referred to in this prospectus
are the property of their respective owners.
You should read this entire prospectus carefully, as well as the documents
incorporated by reference in this prospectus, before deciding to invest in
shares of our common stock.
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RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider the risks described below before making an
investment decision. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the
only ones facing our company. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently
known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial may also impair our
business operations. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business,
financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely
affected. In such a case, the trading price of our common stock could decline,
and you may lose all or part of your investment.
We depend upon on our BioZ(R) product line, the market acceptance of which is in
its early stages.
Our future is dependent upon the success of the BioZ(R) product line and
similar products that are based on the same core technology. The market for
these products is in a relatively early stage of development and may never fully
develop as we expect. The long-term commercial success of the BioZ(R) product
line requires widespread acceptance of our products as safe, efficient and cost-
effective. Widespread acceptance would represent a significant change in medical
practice patterns. In the past, some medical professionals have hesitated to use
ICG products because of limitations experienced with older, analog-based
monitors. Invasive procedures, such as PAC, are generally accepted in the
medical community and have a long history of use.
We have sponsored and will continue to sponsor or conduct clinical trials.
We cannot be certain that clinical trials will be completed, that they will have
a positive outcome or that a positive outcome in these trials will be sufficient
to promote widespread acceptance of our products within the medical community.
Technological change is difficult to predict and to manage.
We face the challenges that are typically faced by companies emerging from
the development phase. Our product line has required, and any future products
will require, substantial development efforts and compliance with governmental
clearance or approval requirements. We may encounter unforeseen technological or
scientific problems that force abandonment or substantial change in the
development of a specific product or process.
We must maintain and develop strategic relationships with third parties to
increase market penetration of our product lines.
We distribute our products to domestic hospitals and targeted international
markets through our strategic alliance with GEMMS. We also have an agreement in
place with Profiles in Health, Inc., a privately held California corporation
presently in the capital formation stage, for distribution capabilities and
collaborative product development. We intend to enter into similar agreements
with other major patient monitoring companies and to establish technology
partnerships with pacemaker and other medical product and technology companies.
Widespread acceptance of our BioZ(R) products is dependent on our establishing
and maintaining these strategic relationships with third parties and on the
successful distribution efforts of third parties.
Many aspects of our relationships with third parties, and the success with
which third parties promote distribution of our products, are beyond our
control. We may be unsuccessful in maintaining our existing strategic
relationships and in identifying and entering into future development and
distribution agreements with third parties.
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Our success depends in part upon the availability of third-party reimbursement
at adequate price levels.
Our success will depend in part on the availability of adequate
reimbursement from third-party healthcare payors, such as Medicare, private
health insurers and managed care organizations. Third-party payors increasingly
challenge the pricing of medical products and services. Third-party payors may
not cover the cost of a device and related services, or they may place
significant restrictions on the circumstances in which coverage will be
available. In addition, reimbursement may not be at or remain at price levels
adequate to allow medical professionals to realize an appropriate return on the
purchase of our products.
We depend on management and other key personnel.
We dependent on a limited number of key management and technical personnel.
The loss of one or more of our key employees may hurt our business if we are
unable to identify other individuals to provide us with similar services. We do
not maintain "keyman" insurance on any of our employees. In addition, our
success depends upon our ability to attract and retain additional highly
qualified sales, management, manufacturing and research and development
personnel. We face intense competition in our recruiting activities and may not
be able to attract or retain qualified personnel.
We depend on Rivertek Medical Systems and other third parties for development
and manufacturing services.
Our strategy for development and commercialization of some of our products
depends upon entering into various arrangements with third parties and upon the
subsequent success of these parties in performing their obligations. We may not
be able to negotiate acceptable arrangements in the future, and our existing
arrangements may not be successful. We rely heavily on contracted development
services, particularly from Rivertek Medical Systems, Inc. Also, we currently
assemble our products from components manufactured by a limited number of
manufacturers. Therefore, we are dependent on component and subassembly
manufacturers. If we experience a termination, modification or disruption of any
of our development or manufacturing arrangements, we may be unable to deliver
products to our customers on a timely basis, which may lead to customer
dissatisfaction and damage to our reputation.
We may not have adequate intellectual property protection.
Although we believe that we have effective patent protection, our patents
and proprietary technology may not be able to prevent competition by others. In
addition, in the future our products may be found to infringe upon the rights of
others. From time to time, we have received communications from third parties
asserting that features of some of our products may infringe on the intellectual
property rights of others. Any claims resulting in intellectual property
litigation, whether defensive or offensive, would have no certain outcome other
than to drain our resources.
The validity and breadth of claims in medical technology patents involve
complex legal and factual questions. Future patent applications may not be
issued, the scope of any patent protection may not exclude competitors, and our
patents may not provide competitive advantages to us. Our patents may be found
to be invalid, and other companies may claim rights in or ownership of the
patents and other proprietary rights held or licensed by us. Also, our existing
patents may not cover products that we develop in the future. Moreover, when our
key patents expire, the inventions will enter the public domain. Our lead patent
expires in 2002.
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Since patent applications in the United States are maintained in secrecy
until patents issue, our patent applications may infringe patents that may be
issued to others. If our products were found to infringe patents held by
competitors, we may have to modify our products to avoid infringement, and it is
possible that our modified products would not be commercially successful.
We face competition from other companies and technologies.
We compete with other companies that are developing and marketing
noninvasive hemodynamic monitors. We are also subject to competition from
companies that support invasive technologies. Many of these companies have more
established and larger marketing and sales organizations, significantly greater
financial and technical resources and a larger installed base of customers than
we do. The introduction by others of products embodying new technologies and the
emergence of new industry standards may render our products obsolete and
unmarketable. In addition, other technologies or products may be developed that
have an entirely different approach or means of accomplishing the intended
purposes of our products. Accordingly, the life cycles of our products are
difficult to estimate. To compete successfully, we must develop and introduce
new products that keep pace with technological advancements, respond to evolving
consumer requirements and achieve market acceptance. We may be unable to develop
new products that address our competition.
Our business plan contemplates an income stream from sales of disposable
sensors that are compatible with an installed base of our monitors. We may be
subject to price competition from other sensor manufacturers whose products are
also compatible with our monitors.
The current widespread acceptance of PAC, and the lack of widespread
acceptance of noninvasive technologies like ours, is an important competitive
disadvantage that we must overcome. In addition, our current and potential
competitors may establish cooperative relationships with large medical equipment
companies to gain access to greater research and development or marketing
resources. Competition may result in price reductions, reduced gross margins and
loss of market share.
We have no experience with home healthcare.
We intend to enter the home healthcare market through strategic
relationships with other parties. We have not concluded any agreements or
understandings with any third parties, and we may not be able to enter into any
arrangements on terms satisfactory to us. Even if we are successful in
negotiating acceptable arrangements with third parties, the parties may not
perform their obligations to us for reasons beyond our control. If we are not
able to negotiate arrangements with other parties to implement our home
healthcare strategy, or if such arrangements, once negotiated, are not
successful, we will not be able to meet our business objectives in this area.
We have a history of losses and may experience continued losses.
We have experienced large losses every year. These losses have resulted
because we have expended more money in the course of researching, developing and
enhancing our technology and products and establishing our sales, marketing and
administrative organizations than we have generated in revenues. We expect that
our operating expenses will increase substantially in the foreseeable future as
we increase our sales and marketing activities, expand our operations and
continue to develop our technology. Accordingly, we expect to incur a net loss
for fiscal 2000. It is possible that we will never achieve or sustain the
revenue levels required for profitability.
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We may need additional capital, which may be unavailable.
The commercialization of our product line and the development and
commercialization of any additional products may require greater expenditures
than expected in our current business plan. Our capital requirements will depend
on numerous factors, including:
. our rate of sales growth--fast growth may actually increase our need for
additional capital to hire additional staff, purchase additional component
inventories, finance the increase in accounts receivable and supply
additional support services;
. our progress in marketing-related clinical evaluations and product
development programs, all of which will require additional capital;
. our receipt of, and the time required to obtain, regulatory clearances and
approvals--the longer regulatory approval takes, the more working capital
we will need to support our regulatory and development efforts in advance
of sales;
. the level of resources that we devote to the development, manufacture and
marketing of our products--any decision we make to improve, expand or
simply change our process, products or technology will require increased
funds;
. facilities requirements--as we grow we may need additional manufacturing,
warehousing and administration facilities and the costs of the facilities
would be borne long before any increased revenue from growth would occur;
. market acceptance and demand for our products--although growth may increase
our capital needs, the lack of growth and continued losses would also
increase our need for capital; and
. financing strategies--our attempt to accelerate the otherwise lengthy
purchasing processes of hospitals by offering leasing programs as an
alternative to outright purchasing and by providing purchasers with
extended payment terms and financing options will require additional
capital.
We may be unable to predict accurately the timing and amount of our capital
requirements. We may be required to raise additional funds through public or
private financing, bank loans, collaborative relationships or other arrangements
earlier than expected. It is possible that banks, venture capitalists and other
investors may perceive our capital structure, our history of losses or the need
to achieve widespread acceptance of our technology as too great a risk to bear.
As a result, additional funding may not be available on attractive terms, or at
all. If we cannot obtain additional capital when needed, we may be forced to
agree to unattractive financing terms, to change our method of operation or to
curtail our operations.
We may not be able to manage growth.
If successful, we will experience a period of growth that could place a
significant strain upon our managerial, financial and operational resources. Our
infrastructure, procedures and controls may not be adequate to support our
operations and to achieve the rapid execution necessary to successfully market
our products. Our future operating results will also depend on our ability to
expand our direct sales force and our internal sales, marketing and support
staff. If we are unable to manage future expansion effectively, our business,
results of operations and financial condition will suffer, our senior management
will be less effective, and our revenues and product development efforts may
decrease.
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Our quarterly operating results frequently vary due to factors outside our
control.
We have experienced and expect to continue to experience fluctuations in
quarterly operating results as a result of a number of factors. We cannot
control many of these factors, which include the following:
. the timing and number of new product introductions;
. the mix of sales of higher and lower margin products in a quarter;
. the market acceptance of our products;
. development and promotional expenses relating to the introduction of new
products or enhancements of existing products;
. product returns;
. changes in pricing policies by us and our competitors;
. the timing of orders from major customers and distributors; and
. delays in shipment.
For these reasons, you should not rely on period-to-period comparisons of
our financial results as indications of future results.
We may not continue to receive necessary FDA clearances or approvals.
Our products and activities are subject to extensive, ongoing regulation by
the Food and Drug Administration and other governmental authorities. Delays in
receipt of, or failure to obtain or maintain, regulatory clearances and
approvals, or any failure to comply with regulatory requirements, could delay or
prevent our ability to market our product line.
We may not receive approvals by foreign regulators which are necessary for
international sales.
Sales of medical devices outside the United States are subject to foreign
regulatory requirements that vary from country to country. If we or our
international distributors fail to obtain or maintain required pre-market
approvals or fail to comply with foreign regulations, foreign regulatory
authorities may require us to file revised governmental notifications, cease
commercial sales of our products in the applicable countries or otherwise cure
the problem. Such enforcement action by regulatory authorities may be costly.
In order to sell our products within the European community, we must comply
with the European community's medical device directive. The CE marking on our
products attests to this compliance. Future regulatory changes may limit our
ability to use the CE mark, and any new products we develop may not qualify for
the CE mark. If we lose this authorization or fail to obtain authorization on
future products, we will not be able to sell our products in the European
community.
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Two of our directors control a large percentage of our common stock and may
influence our decisions.
James C. Gilstrap, the chairman of our board of directors, beneficially
owned approximately 7.4% of the outstanding shares of our common stock as of
July 31, 2000. John Michael Paulson, one of the members of our board of
directors and the son of our former co-chairman, Allen E. Paulson, beneficially
owned, either directly or as a co-trustee of the Allen E. Paulson Living Trust,
24.3% of the outstanding shares of our common stock as of July 31, 2000.
Accordingly, Messrs. Gilstrap and Paulson are able to substantially influence us
and our affairs and business, including any future issuances of common stock or
other securities, merger and acquisition decisions, declaration of dividends and
the election of directors. In addition, our stock price and our ability to raise
capital could be injured if these shareholders were to sell a significant
portion of their holdings on the open market.
We do not know the effects of healthcare reform proposals.
The healthcare industry is undergoing fundamental changes resulting from
political, economic and regulatory influences. In the United States,
comprehensive programs have been proposed that seek to increase access to
healthcare for the uninsured, control the escalation of healthcare expenditures
within the economy and use healthcare reimbursement policies to balance the
federal budget.
We expect that Congress and state legislatures will continue to review and
assess healthcare proposals, and public debate of these issues will likely
continue. We cannot predict which, if any, of such reform proposals will be
adopted and when they might be adopted. Other countries also are considering
healthcare reform. Significant changes in healthcare systems could have a
substantial impact on the manner in which we conduct our business and could
require us to revise our strategies.
We are subject to product liability claims and product recalls that may not be
covered by insurance.
The nature of our business exposes us to risks of product liability claims
and product recalls. Medical devices as complex as ours frequently experience
errors or failures, especially when first introduced or when new versions are
released. Our products are sometimes used in procedures where there is a high
risk of serious injury or death. These risks will exist even with respect to
those products that have received, or may in the future receive, regulatory
clearance for commercial sale.
We did not carry product liability insurance during some periods before May
15, 1995. We currently maintain product liability insurance at $10,000,000 per
occurrence and $10,000,000 in the aggregate. Our product liability insurance may
not be adequate. In the future, insurance coverage may not be available on
commercially reasonable terms, or at all. In addition, product liability claims
or product recalls could damage our reputation even if we have adequate
insurance coverage.
Our common stock is subject to price volatility.
The market price of our common stock has been and is likely to continue to
be highly volatile. Our stock price could be subject to wide fluctuations in
response to various factors beyond our control, including:
. quarterly variations in operating results;
. announcements of technological innovations, new products or pricing by our
competitors;
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. changes in, or failure to meet, financial estimates of securities analysts;
. the rate of adoption by physicians of ICG technology in targeted markets;
. the timing of patent and regulatory approvals;
. the timing and extent of technological advancements;
. results of clinical studies;
. the sales of our common stock by affiliates or other shareholders with
large holdings; and
. general market conditions.
Our future operating results may fall below the expectations of securities
industry analysts or investors. Any such shortfall could result in a significant
decline in the market price of our common stock. In addition, the stock market
has experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that have affected the
market prices of the stock of many medical device companies and that often have
been unrelated to the operating performance of such companies. These broad
market fluctuations may directly influence the market price of our common stock.
We may be required to issue additional shares of common stock at prices that are
below then market value.
The holders of warrants to purchase our common stock could require us to
issue additional shares of common stock to them pursuant to anti-dilution
rights. These rights would cause us to issue additional common stock upon
exercise of their warrants if we sell common stock at a price less than the
exercise price of their warrants. If we need to sell common stock at a time when
the market price for our shares is depressed, these anti-dilution rights could
further depress the market price and impair our ability to raise needed capital.
Our international sales expose us to unique risks.
In fiscal 1999, international sales accounted for approximately 21% of our
revenue. We believe that international sales will represent a meaningful portion
of our revenue in the future. We rely on GEMMS and other regional distributors
to assist us with our international operations. In addition, we are exposed to
risks from international sales, which include unexpected changes in regulatory
requirements, tariffs and other barriers and restrictions and reduced protection
for intellectual property rights. Moreover, fluctuations in the rates of
exchange may increase the price in local currencies of our products in foreign
markets and make our products relatively more expensive than competitive
products.
Common stock which is available for immediate resale may depress our market
price.
We have filed registration statements with the Securities and Exchange
Commission covering the potential resale by our shareholders of up to 14,412,267
shares of common stock, the majority of which have not been sold. The existence
of a substantial number of shares of common stock subject to immediate resale
could depress the market price for our common stock and impair our ability to
raise needed capital.
11
<PAGE>
A low stock price could result in discontinued quotation of our common stock on
the Nasdaq National Market and subject us to regulations which could hamper our
ability to raise funds.
If our stock price were to drop below $1.00 per share and remain below
$1.00 per share for an extended period of time, or if we fail to maintain other
Nasdaq criteria, Nasdaq may discontinue the quotation of our common stock on the
Nasdaq National Market. In such an event, our shares could only be traded on
over-the-counter bulletin board systems. This method of trading could
significantly impair our ability to raise new capital.
In the event that our common stock were no longer quoted on the Nasdaq
National Market due to low stock price, we may become subject to special rules,
called penny stock rules, that impose additional sales practice requirements on
broker-dealers who sell our common stock. The rules require, among other things,
the delivery, prior to the transaction, of a disclosure schedule required by the
Securities and Exchange Commission relating to the market for penny stocks. The
broker-dealer also must disclose the commissions payable to both the broker-
dealer and the registered representative and current quotations for the
securities, and monthly statements must be sent disclosing recent price
information.
In the event that our common stock becomes characterized as a penny stock,
our market liquidity could be severely affected. The regulations relating to
penny stocks could limit the ability of broker-dealers to sell our common stock
and thus the ability of purchasers in this offering to sell their common stock
in the secondary market.
We do not intend to pay dividends in the foreseeable future.
We do not intend to pay any cash dividends on our common stock in the
foreseeable future. Payment of such cash dividends would, in any event, be
prohibited or limited under the terms of our line of credit with Imperial Bank.
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<PAGE>
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of
section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and section 21E of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934. These statements include statements regarding our plans,
goals, strategies, intentions, beliefs or current expectations. These statements
are expressed in good faith and we believe had a reasonable basis when
expressed, but we cannot assure you that these expectations will be achieved or
accomplished. Sentences in this prospectus containing verbs such as "plan,"
"intend," "anticipate," "target," "predict," "estimate," "believe" or "expect,"
or future-tense or conditional constructions (such as "will," "may," "could," or
"should") constitute forward-looking statements that involve risks and
uncertainties. Items contemplating, or making assumptions about, actual or
potential future sales, market size, collaborations, trends or operating results
also constitute such forward-looking statements.
We believe it is important to communicate our expectations to our
investors. However, there may be events in the future that we are not able to
predict accurately or over which we have no control. The considerations
discussed in "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this prospectus provide examples of
risks, uncertainties and events that may cause our actual results to differ
materially from the expectations we describe in our forward-looking statements.
Before you invest in our common stock, you should be aware that the occurrence
of the events described in "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this prospectus could
have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial
condition.
You should read and interpret any forward-looking statements in conjunction
with our most recent annual report on Form 10-KSB, our quarterly reports on Form
10-QSB and our other SEC filings, as well as the considerations discussed in
"Risk Factors."
Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date that we made the
statement, and we do not undertake to update the disclosures contained in this
prospectus or reflect events or circumstances that occur subsequently or the
occurrence of unexpected events.
USE OF PROCEEDS
We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the shares by the selling
shareholders. All proceeds from the sale of the shares will be for the account
of the selling shareholders, as described below. See "Selling Shareholders" and
"Plan of Distribution" below.
SELLING SHAREHOLDERS
We completed a private placement of our common stock as of July 21, 2000 in
which we sold an aggregate of 3,347,267 shares of common stock to twenty-eight
(28) different investors, the selling shareholders, for $5.59 per share.
Except for Sofinov Societe Financiere D'Innovation, Inc., whose
representative, Jacques Douziech, is a member of our board of directors, the
selling shareholders have not had a material relationship with us within the
past three years other than as a result of ownership of our securities. The
numbers set forth in the column "Number of Shares Being Offered" below
constitute all of the shares that the investors listed below, as the selling
shareholders, may distribute in this offering; however, there are currently no
agreements, arrangements or understandings with respect to the sale of any of
the shares and the table below assumes the sale of all shares. The shares are
being registered to permit public secondary trading of the shares, and the
selling shareholders may offer the shares for resale from time to time.
In connection with the receipt of the shares, each selling shareholder
represented that it was acquiring the shares for investment and not with a view
to distributing our common stock and that the
13
<PAGE>
selling shareholder was an accredited investor, as defined in Rule 501(a) under
the Securities Act of 1933. We agreed in the subscription agreements that the
shares purchased by the selling shareholders would be registered for resale in a
registration statement on Form S-3. The registration rights provisions require
us to bear all registration expenses other than fees and expenses of counsel for
the selling shareholders and brokerage commissions and fees, if any.
Accordingly, we filed with the Commission a registration statement on Form S-3,
of which this prospectus forms a part, with respect to the resale of the shares
from time to time. We also agreed to prepare and file such amendments and
supplements to the registration statement as may be necessary to keep the
registration statement effective until the earliest of (a) the date on which all
of the shares of common stock offered hereby have been re-sold, (b) two years
after July 21, 2000 or (c) the date on which each selling shareholder's shares
could be sold in a single three-month period pursuant to Rule 144 of the
Securities Act of 1933.
The following table sets forth the names of the selling shareholders, the
number of shares of our common stock which the selling shareholders owned prior
to the offering and the number of shares of our common stock which may be
offered pursuant to this prospectus.
Number of Shares Number of
Beneficially Owned Shares Being
Selling Shareholders Prior to Offering Offered
-------------------- ----------------- -----------
Aires Domestic Fund II, L.P. 3,981
Aires Domestic Fund, L.P. 14,161
Aries Masterfund II, The 26,581
Bonanza Capital 50,000
BSI SA 20,000
Crescent International Ltd. 75,000
Digerati International, Ltd. 89,500
Discount Bank & Trust Company 125,000
Discount Bank & Trust Company 25,000
Driehaus, Richard 200,000
Filly Inc. 55,000
Fish, Beverly C. 17,889
Gatto, Daniel J. 17,889
Goodman, Mark A. 18,000
I&E Nevada LTD Partnership 89,445
ING Small Cap Fund 179,000
Jaffe Charitable-Remainder Trust 17,889
Kredietbank (Suisse) Lugano S.A. 20,000
Manchester Resorts, LP 53,667
Merlin Biomed Int'l LTD 300,000
Montrose Investments, Ltd. 178,891
Monument Medical Sciences Fund 268,300
Newman, Elizabeth F. 8,945
Prism Partners, L.P. 21,252
Schwinn, Daniel J. 35,750
Sofinov Societe Financiere D'Innovation, Inc. 1,252,236
Starr Family Foundation, The 2,800
Starr, John H. 2,200
Walters Group, The 178,891
--------- ---------
TOTAL 3,347,267
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We are registering the shares on behalf of the selling shareholders and any
donees and pledgees who may sell shares received from the named selling
shareholders after the date of this prospectus. All costs, expenses and fees in
connection with the registration of the shares offered hereby (other than a
portion of the fees and expenses of the selling shareholders' counsel) will be
borne by us. Brokerage commissions and similar selling expenses, if any,
attributable to the sale of shares will be borne by the selling shareholders.
Sales of shares may be effected by the selling shareholders from time to time in
one or more types of transactions (which may include block transactions) on the
Nasdaq National Market, in the over-the-counter market, in negotiated
transactions, through put or call transactions relating to the shares, through
short sales of shares, or a combination of such methods of sale, at market
prices prevailing at the time of sale, or at negotiated prices. Such
transactions may or may not involve brokers or dealers. Each selling shareholder
has advised us that it has not entered into any agreements, understandings or
arrangements with any underwriters or broker-dealers regarding the sale of its
securities, nor is there an underwriter or coordinating broker acting in
connection with the proposed sale of shares by the selling shareholders.
The selling shareholders may effect such transactions by selling shares
directly to purchasers or to or through broker-dealers, which may act as agents
or principals. Such broker-dealers may receive compensation in the form of
discounts, concessions or commissions from the selling shareholders or the
purchasers of shares for whom such broker-dealers may act as agents or to whom
they sell as principal, or both (which compensation as to a particular broker-
dealer might be in excess of customary commissions).
The selling shareholders and any broker-dealers that act in connection with
the sale of shares may be deemed to be "underwriters" within the meaning of
Section 2(11) of the Securities Act of 1933, and any commissions received by
such broker-dealers and any profit on the resale of the shares sold by them
while acting as principals may be deemed to be underwriting discounts or
commissions under the Securities Act of 1933. The selling shareholders may agree
to indemnify any agent, dealer or broker-dealer that participates in
transactions involving sales of the shares against certain liabilities,
including liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933.
Because the selling shareholders may be deemed to be "underwriters" within
the meaning of Section 2(11) of the Act of 1933, the selling shareholders will
be subject to the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act. We
have informed the selling shareholders that the anti-manipulative provisions of
Regulation M promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 may apply to
their sales in the market.
The selling shareholders also may resell all or a portion of the shares in
open market transactions in reliance upon Rule 144 under the Securities Act of
1933, provided the sale meets the criteria and conforms to the requirements of
such Rule.
When any selling shareholder notifies us that a material arrangement has
been entered into with a broker-dealer for the sale of shares through a block
trade, special offering, exchange distribution or secondary distribution or a
purchase by a broker or dealer, a supplement to this prospectus will be filed,
if required, pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act of 1933,
disclosing (1) the name of the selling shareholder and of the participating
broker-dealers, (2) the number of shares involved, (3) the price at which the
shares were sold, (4) the commissions paid or discounts or concessions allowed
to the broker-dealers, where applicable, (5) that the broker-dealers did not
conduct any investigation to verify the information set out or incorporated by
reference in this prospectus and (6) other facts material to the transaction. In
addition, when any selling shareholder notifies us that a donee or pledgee
intends to sell more than 500 shares, we will file a supplement to this
prospectus.
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In order to comply with the securities laws of certain states, if
applicable, the shares may be sold in these jurisdictions only through
registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in certain states the
shares may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale or
an exemption from registration or qualification requirements is available and is
complied with.
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the common stock offered by this prospectus will be passed
upon for us by Pillsbury Madison & Sutro LLP, San Diego, California.
EXPERTS
The financial statements of CardioDynamics International Corporation as of
November 30, 1999, 1998 and 1997 and for each of the years in the three-year
period ended November 30, 1999, incorporated by reference in this prospectus and
in the registration statement in reliance upon the report of KPMG LLP,
independent certified public accountants incorporated by reference herein, and
upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
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<PAGE>
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The following table sets forth the costs and expenses in connection with
the sale and distribution of the securities being registered. All of the
amounts shown are estimates except the Securities and Exchange Commission
registration fees, the NASD filing fee and the Nasdaq listing fee.
SEC registration fee.............................................. $
Accounting fees and expenses*..................................... 3,000.00
Legal fees and expenses*.......................................... 5,000.00
Printing and engraving*........................................... 500.00
Miscellaneous fees and expenses*..................................
Total $
=========
* Estimated
Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
California Law permits indemnification of officers, directors and other
corporate agents under specified circumstances and subject to specified
limitations. Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide that we shall
indemnify our directors, officers, employees and agents to the full extent
permitted by California law, including in circumstances in which indemnification
is otherwise discretionary under California law. In addition, with the approval
of our board of directors and our shareholders, we have entered into separate
indemnification agreements with our directors, officers and some of employees
which require us, among other things, to indemnify them against liabilities
which may arise by reason of their status or service (other than liabilities
arising from willful misconduct of a culpable nature) and to obtain directors'
and officers' insurance, if available on reasonable terms.
These indemnification provisions may be sufficiently broad to permit
indemnification of our officers, directors and other corporate agents for
liabilities (including reimbursement of expenses incurred) arising under the
Securities Act of 1933.
At present, there is no pending litigation or proceeding involving a
director, officer, employee or other agent of ours in which indemnification is
being sought nor are we aware of any threatened litigation that may result in a
claim for indemnification by any director, officer, employee or other agent of
ours.
We have obtained liability insurance for the benefit of our directors and
officers.
II-1
<PAGE>
Item 16. Exhibits.
The following exhibits are filed with this registration statement:
EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBIT
----------- ----------------------
4.1 Form of Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to
the exhibit of the same number included in our registration
statement on Form 8-A declared effective on April 19, 1984 (File
No. 0-11868)).
4.2 Bylaws, as amended through May 15, 1995 (incorporated by
reference from May 31, 1995 Form 10-QSB).
4.3 Amendment to bylaws, dated June 2, 1999 (incorporated by
reference from August 31, 1999 Form 10-QSB).
4.4 Restated articles of incorporation as filed July 24, 1998
(incorporated by reference from August 31, 1998 Form 10-QSB).
4.5 Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation as filed
July 31, 2000.
4.6 Form of Subscription Agreement dated July 10, 2000 among the
Company and the selling shareholders (incorporated by reference
from August 14, 2000 Form 8-K).
5.1 Opinion of Pillsbury Madison & Sutro LLP.
23.1 Consent of KPMG LLP, independent auditors.
23.2 Consent of Pillsbury Madison & Sutro LLP (included in Exhibit
5.1).
24.1 Power of Attorney (included in the signature page contained in
Part II of this registration statement).
Item 17. Undertakings.
We hereby undertake to file, during any period in which offers or sales are
being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(a) To include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the
Securities Act of 1933;
(b) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the
effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-
effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate,
represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the
registration statement; notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or
decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of
securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any
deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering
range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the
Securities Act of 1933 if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and
price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate
offering price set forth in the "Calculation of Registration Fee"
table in the effective registration statement;
II-2
<PAGE>
(c) To include any material information with respect to the plan of
distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or
any material change to such information in the registration statement;
provided, however, that paragraphs (a) and (b) do not apply if the information
required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is
contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished to the Securities and
Exchange Commission by us pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the
registration statement.
In addition, we hereby undertake:
(a) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the
Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be
deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities
offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time
shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof; and
(b) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any
of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the
termination of the offering.
We hereby undertake that, for purposes of determining any liability under
the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of our annual report pursuant to section
13(a) or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that is
incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a
new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the
offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona
fide offering thereof.
We hereby undertake to deliver or cause to be delivered with the
prospectus, to each person to whom the prospectus is sent or given, the latest
annual report to security holders that is incorporated by reference in the
prospectus and furnished pursuant to and meeting the requirements of Rule 14a-3
or Rule 14c-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and, where interim
financial information required to be presented by Article 3 of Regulation S-X is
not set forth in the prospectus, to deliver or cause to be delivered to each
person to whom the prospectus is sent or given, the latest quarterly report that
is specifically incorporated by reference in the prospectus to provide such
interim financial information.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act
of 1933 may be permitted to our directors, officers, and controlling persons
pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, we have been advised that in
the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission this indemnification is
against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is,
therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against
such liabilities (other than the payment by us of expenses incurred or paid by a
director, officer or controlling person of ours in the successful defense of any
action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer, or
controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, we will,
unless in the opinion of our counsel the matter has been settled by controlling
precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether
such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the
Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such
issue.
II-3
<PAGE>
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, we certify that
we have reasonable grounds to believe that we meet all of the requirements for
filing on Form S-3 and have duly caused this registration statement to be signed
on our behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of San
Diego, State of California on August 21, 2000.
CardioDynamics International Corporation
By: /s/ Michael K. Perry
------------------------
Michael K. Perry
Chief Executive Officer
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature
appears below constitutes and appoints Michael K. Perry and Stephen P. Loomis
and each of them, as his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents,
with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or
her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all
amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement
on Form S-3, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other
documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission,
granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power
and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and
necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and
purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and
confirming all that said attorney-in-facts and agents, or either of them, or
their or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by
virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this
registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the
capacities and on the dates indicated:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Signature Title Date
<S> <C> <C>
/s/ Michael K. Perry Chief Executive Officer and Director August 21, 2000
-------------------- (Principal Executive Officer)
Michael K. Perry
/s/ Stephen P. Loomis Vice President, Finance and Chief August 21, 2000
--------------------- Financial Officer (Principal Financial and
Stephen P. Loomis Accounting Officer)
/s/ Connie Curren, RN Director August 21, 2000
---------------------
Connie Curren, RN
/s/ Jacques Douziech Director August 21, 2000
--------------------
Jacques Douziech
/s/ Cam L. Garner Director August 21, 2000
-----------------
Cam L. Garner
</TABLE>
II-4
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
/s/ James C. Gilstrap Director August 21, 2000
---------------------
James C. Gilstrap
/s/ Richard O. Martin, Ph.D. Director August 21, 2000
----------------------------
Richard O. Martin, Ph.D.
/s/ John Michael Paulson Director August 21, 2000
------------------------
John Michael Paulson
</TABLE>
II-5
<PAGE>
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
EXHIBITS
TO
FORM S-3
UNDER
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
CARDIODYNAMICS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT INDEX
-------------
Exhibit
Number Exhibit
------ -------
4.1 Form of Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to the
exhibit of the same number included in our registration statement on
Form 8-A declared effective on April 19, 1984 (File No. 0-11868).
4.2 Bylaws, as amended through May 15, 1995 (incorporated by reference
from May 31, 1995 Form 10-QSB).
4.3 Amendment to bylaws, dated June 2, 1999 (incorporated by reference
from August 31, 1999 Form 10-QSB).
4.4 Restated articles of incorporation as filed July 24, 1998
(incorporated by reference from August 31, 1998 Form 10-QSB).
4.5 Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation as filed July
31, 2000.
4.6 Form of Subscription Agreement dated July 10, 2000 among the Company
and the selling shareholders (incorporated by reference from August
14, 2000 Form 8-K).
5.1 Opinion of Pillsbury Madison & Sutro LLP.
23.1 Consent of KPMG LLP, independent auditors.
23.2 Consent of Pillsbury Madison & Sutro LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).
24.1 Power of Attorney (included in the signature page contained in Part
II of this registration statement).
