AMTECH SYSTEMS INC
8-A12G, 1999-06-08
SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY, NEC
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                       SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
                             Washington, D.C. 20549

                               ------------------

                                    Form 8-A

                FOR REGISTRATION OF CERTAIN CLASSES OF SECURITIES
                     PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE
                         SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934


                              AMTECH SYSTEMS, INC.
             ------------------------------------------------------
             (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


           ARIZONA                                            86-0411215
   -----------------------                                -------------------
   (State of incorporation                                   (IRS Employer
   or other  organization)                                Identification No.)


 131 South Clark Drive, Tempe, Arizona                           85281
- ----------------------------------------                  -------------------
(Address of principal executive offices)                       (Zip Code)

         If this  form  relates  to the  registration  of a class of  securities
pursuant  to Section  12(b) of the  Exchange  Act and is  effective  pursuant to
General Instructions A.(c), check the following box. [ ]

         If this  form  relates  to the  registration  of a class of  securities
pursuant  to Section  12(g) of the  Exchange  Act and is  effective  pursuant to
General Instructions A.(d), check the following box. [ ]

         Securities  Act  registration  statement file number to which this form
relates: ____________ (if applicable).

         Securities to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class                               Name of each exchange on which
to be so registered                               each class is to be registered
- -------------------                               ------------------------------
         None                                                    None


         Securities to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:


                         Preferred Share Purchase Rights
                         -------------------------------
                                (Title of Class)
<PAGE>
ITEM 1. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES TO BE REGISTERED

         On May 17, 1999,  the Board of Directors of Amtech  Systems,  Inc. (the
"Company) declared a dividend distribution of one preferred share purchase right
(a "Right")  for each  outstanding  share of Common  Stock,  $.01 par value (the
"Common  Stock"),  of the Company.  The dividend is payable on June 9, l999 (the
"Record  Date") to  stockholders  of record as of the close of  business on that
date. Each Right entitles the registered holder to purchase from the Company one
one-hundredth of a share of Series A Participating  Preferred Stock, without par
value, of the Company (the "Preferred Stock"), subject to adjustment, at a price
of  $8.50  per one  one-hundredth  of a share of  Preferred  Stock,  subject  to
adjustment (the "Purchase  Price").  The description and terms of the Rights are
set forth in the Rights Agreement (the "Rights  Agreement")  dated as of May 17,
1999,  between the Company and American  Securities  Transfer & Trust,  Inc., as
rights agent (the "Rights Agent").

         The  following  is a general  description  only and is  subject  to the
detailed  terms and  conditions of the Rights  Agreement.  A copy of the form of
Rights Agreement,  including the Certificate of Designation,  the form of Rights
Certificate  and the  Summary of Rights to be provided  to  stockholders  of the
Company,  is attached as Exhibit 1 to this Report and is incorporated  herein by
reference.

RIGHTS EVIDENCED BY COMMON STOCK CERTIFICATES

         The Rights will not be exercisable until the Distribution Date (defined
below).  Certificates for the Rights ("Rights Certificates") will not be sent to
stockholders  and the Rights  will  attach to and trade only  together  with the
Common Stock.  Accordingly,  Common Stock certificates outstanding on the Record
Date will evidence the Rights  related  thereto,  and Common Stock  certificates
issued  after the Record Date will contain a notation  incorporating  the Rights
Agreement by  reference.  Until the  Distribution  Date (or earlier  redemption,
exchange  or  expiration  of the  Rights),  the  surrender  or  transfer  of any
certificates for Common Stock, even without notation or a copy of the Summary of
Rights being attached  thereto,  will also constitute the transfer of the Rights
associated with the Common Stock represented by such certificate.

DISTRIBUTION DATE

         The Rights will  separate from the Common  Stock,  Rights  Certificates
will be issued and the Rights will become  exercisable  upon the earlier of: (i)
the Close of Business on the tenth Business Day after the Stock Acquisition Date
(or, if the tenth  Business Day after the Stock  Acquisition  Date occurs before
the Record Date,  the Close of Business on the Record Date) or (ii) the Close of
Business on the tenth Business Day (or such later date as may be determined by a
majority  of  the  Board  of  Directors)   following  the  commencement  of,  or
announcement  of an intention to make,  a tender  offer or exchange  offer,  the
consummation  of which would result in the  beneficial  ownership by a person or
group of 15% or more of the outstanding  Common Stock. The earlier of such dates
is referred to as the "Distribution Date."

                                        2
<PAGE>
ISSUANCE OF RIGHTS, CERTIFICATES, EXPIRATION OF RIGHTS

         As soon as practicable following the Distribution Date, separate Rights
Certificates  will be mailed to holders of record of the Common  Stock as of the
close of business on the Distribution Date and such separate Rights Certificates
alone will evidence the Rights from and after the Distribution  Date. All Common
Stock issued prior to the Distribution  Date will be issued with Rights.  Common
Stock  issued  after the  Distribution  Date may be issued  with  Rights if such
shares are issued (i) upon the conversion of securities issued after adoption of
the Rights  Agreement or (ii) pursuant to the exercise of stock options or under
employee  benefit plans unless such  issuance  would result in (or create a risk
that) such options or plans would not qualify for  otherwise  available  special
tax  treatment.  Except as otherwise  determined by the Board of  Directors,  no
other  Common  Stock  issued  after the  Distribution  Date will be issued  with
Rights.  The Rights will expire on May 16, 2009 (the "Final  Expiration  Date"),
unless the Final  Expiration  Date is  extended or unless the Rights are earlier
redeemed or  exchanged  by the Company or expire  upon  consummation  of certain
mergers, consolidations or sales of assets, as described below.

INITIAL EXERCISE OF THE RIGHTS

         Following the Distribution Date, and until the occurrence of one of the
subsequent  events  described  below,  holders of the Rights will be entitled to
receive,  upon exercise and the payment of $8.50 per Right, one one-hundredth of
a Preferred Share.

EXCHANGE PROVISION

         At any time  after an event  triggering  the  rights to  acquire  stock
described below and prior to the acquisition by such Acquiring  Person of 50% or
more of the outstanding Common Shares, the Board of Directors of the Company may
exchange  the Rights  (other than Rights  owned by the  Acquiring  Person or its
affiliates),  in whole or in part, at an exchange  ratio of one Common Share per
Right (subject to adjustment).

RIGHT TO BUY COMMON STOCK AT HALF PRICE

         Unless the Rights are earlier redeemed or exchanged,  in the event that
an Acquiring Person becomes such, other than pursuant to a tender offer which is
made for all of the  outstanding  shares of Common  Stock  and  approved  by the
unanimous  vote of the Board of Directors  after  determining  that the offer is
both  adequate  and  otherwise  in the best  interests  of the  Company  and its
stockholders (a "Qualifying Offer"),  then proper provision will be made so that
each  holder of a Right which has not  theretofore  been  exercised  (other than
Rights  beneficially  owned by the Acquiring  Person,  which will  thereafter be
void) will  thereafter  have the right to receive,  upon exercise,  Common Stock
having a value equal to two times the Purchase Price. Rights are not exercisable
following  the  occurrence  of an event  described  above until such time as the
Rights are no longer redeemable by the Company as set forth below. In the

                                        3
<PAGE>
event that the Company does not have  sufficient  Common Stock available for all
Rights to be  exercised,  or the Board decides that such action is necessary and
not  contrary  to the  interests  of Rights  holders,  the  Company  may instead
substitute cash,  assets or other securities for the Common Stock into which the
Rights would have otherwise been exercisable.

RIGHT TO BUY ACQUIRING COMPANY STOCK AT HALF PRICE

         Similarly,  unless the Rights are earlier redeemed or exchanged, in the
event that, after the Stock Acquisition Date (as defined below), (i) the Company
is acquired in a merger or other business  combination  transaction in which the
Company is not the surviving  corporation or in which the Company's  outstanding
Common  Stock is changed or exchanged  for stock or assets of another  person or
(ii) 50% or more of the Company's  consolidated assets or earning power are sold
(other than through  transactions  in the ordinary  course of business),  proper
provision must be made so that each holder of a Right which has not  theretofore
been exercised (other than Rights  beneficially  owned by the Acquiring  Person,
which will thereafter be void) will  thereafter have the right to receive,  upon
exercise,  shares of common stock of the acquiring  company having a value equal
to two times the  Purchase  Price  (unless  the  transaction  satisfies  certain
conditions and is consummated  with a person who acquired  shares  pursuant to a
Permitted Offer, in which case the Rights will expire).

ADJUSTMENTS TO PREVENT DILUTION

         The  Purchase  Price  payable,  the  number of Rights and the number of
Preferred  Shares,  Common Stock or other  securities or property  issuable upon
exercise  of the Rights are subject to  adjustment  from time to time to prevent
dilution  as set forth in the Rights  Agreement.  With  certain  exceptions,  no
adjustment in the Purchase Price will be required until  cumulative  adjustments
require an adjustment of at least 1% in such Purchase Price.

RIGHTS AND PREFERENCES OF THE PREFERRED SHARES

         Preferred  Shares  purchasable  upon exercise of the Rights will not be
redeemable.  Each Preferred  Share will be entitled to an aggregate  dividend of
100 times the dividend  declared per Common Share.  In the event of liquidation,
the holders of the Preferred  Shares will be entitled to a minimum  preferential
liquidation  payment  of 100  times  any  payment  made per  Common  Share  and,
depending  upon the amount of  proceeds to be  distributed,  will share with the
holders of the Common Shares in such  distribution.  Each  Preferred  Share will
have 100 votes,  voting  together  with the Common  Shares.  In the event of any
merger, consolidation or other transaction in which Common Shares are changed or
exchanged, each Preferred Share will be entitled to receive 100 times the amount
received per Common Share. These rights are protected by customary anti-dilution
provisions.

         Because of the nature of the dividend, liquidation and voting rights of
the Preferred Shares, the value of the one one-hundredth interest in a Preferred
Share  purchasable  upon exercise of each Right should  approximate the value of
one Common Share.

                                        4


<PAGE>
REDEMPTION

         At any time on or prior to the close of  business on the earlier of (i)
the 10th day  following  the  acquisition  by an  Acquiring  Person  (the "Stock
Acquisition  Date") of 15% or more of the Company's  outstanding Common Stock or
such later date as may be determined by a majority of the Board of Directors and
publicly  announced  by the  Company  or (ii) the Final  Expiration  Date of the
Rights,  the Company may redeem the Rights in whole, but not in part, at a price
of $0.01 per Right ("Redemption Price").

NO SHAREHOLDERS' RIGHT PRIOR TO EXERCISE

         Until a Right is exercised,  the holder thereof,  as such, will have no
rights as a stockholder  of the Company  (other than any rights  resulting  from
such holder's ownership of Common Shares),  including,  without limitation,  the
right to vote or to receive dividends.

AMENDMENT OF RIGHTS AGREEMENT

         The provisions of the Rights  Agreement may be  supplemented or amended
by the Board of  Directors  in any manner  prior to the close of business on the
Distribution Date without the approval of Rights holders. After the Distribution
Date,  the  provisions  of the Rights  Agreement  may be amended by the Board in
order to cure any ambiguity,  defect or inconsistency,  to make changes which do
not adversely affect the interests of holders of Rights (excluding the interests
of any  Acquiring  Person),  or to shorten or lengthen any time period under the
Rights Agreement; provided, however, that no amendment to adjust the time period
governing  redemption  shall  be  made  at  such  time  as the  Rights  are  not
redeemable.

CERTAIN ANTI-TAKEOVER EFFECTS

         The Rights  approved by the Board are  designed to protect and maximize
the value of the outstanding  equity interests in the Company in the event of an
unsolicited  attempt by an acquiror to take over the Company,  in a manner or on
terms not  approved  by the Board of  Directors.  Takeover  attempts  frequently
include coercive  tactics to deprive a corporation's  board of directors and its
stockholders   of  any  real   opportunity  to  determine  the  destiny  of  the
corporation.  The Rights have been  declared by the Board in order to deter such
tactics,  including a gradual accumulation of shares in the open market of a 15%
or greater  position to be followed by a merger or a partial or two-tier  tender
offer  that does not treat all  stockholders  equally.  These  tactics  unfairly
pressure stockholders,  squeeze them out of their investment without giving them
any real choice and deprive them of the full value of their shares.

         The Rights are not  intended  to prevent a takeover  of the Company and
will not do so.  The  Rights  are not  exercisable  in the event of a  Permitted
Offer,  as described  above.  The Rights may be redeemed by the Company at $0.01
per Right within 10 days (or such later date as may be  determined by a majority
of the  Board  of  Directors)  after  the  accumulation  of 15% or  more  of the
Company's outstanding Common Shares by a single acquiror or group.  Accordingly,
the

                                        5


<PAGE>
Rights  should not preclude any merger or business  combination  approved by the
Board of  Directors.  Issuance  of the  Rights  does not in any way  weaken  the
financial  strength of the Company or  interfere  with its business  plans.  The
issuance  of the  Rights  has no  immediate  dilutive  effect,  will not  affect
reported  earnings  per share,  should  not be taxable to the  Company or to its
stockholders  and will not  change  the way in which the  Company's  shares  are
presently  traded.  The  Company's  Board of Directors  believes that the Rights
represent a sound and  reasonable  means of  addressing  the  complex  issues of
corporate  policy  created by the current  takeover  environment.  However,  the
Rights  may have the effect of  rendering  more  difficult  or  discouraging  an
acquisition  of the Company deemed  undesirable  by the Board of Directors.  The
Rights may cause  substantial  dilution  to a person or group that  attempts  to
acquire the Company on terms or in a manner not approved by the Company's  Board
of  Directors,  except  pursuant  to an offer  conditioned  upon  the  negation,
purchase or redemption of the Rights.

ITEM 2. EXHIBITS

        1    Rights  Agreement,  dated  as of May  17,  1999,  between  Amtech
             Systems,  Inc. and American  Securities  Transfer & Trust,  Inc.,
             including the  Certificate of Designation of Rights,  Preferences
             an Privileges of Series A Participating Preferred Stock, the form
             of Rights  Certificate and the Summary of Rights attached thereto
             as Exhibits A, B and C, respectively.

                                        6
<PAGE>
                                    SIGNATURE

         Pursuant to the  requirements of Section 12 of the Securities  Exchange
Act of 1934, the Registrant  has duly caused this  Registration  Statement to be
signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized.


                                         AMTECH SYSTEMS, INC.



Date: June 1, 1999                       By /s/ Robert T. Hass
                                            ------------------------------------
                                         Robert T. Hass, Chief Financial Officer



                                        7
<PAGE>
                              AMTECH SYSTEMS, INC.

                       REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON FORM 8-A

                                  EXHIBIT INDEX



                                                                  Page Number
                                                                Under Sequential
 Exhibit No.                       Exhibit                      Numbering System
 -----------                       -------                      ----------------

     1       Rights  Agreement,  dated  as of  May  17,  1999,       Page 9
             between   Amtech   Systems,   Inc.  and  American
             Securities Transfer & Trust, Inc.,  including the
             Certificate of Designation of Rights, Preferences
             and   Privileges   of   Series  A   Participating
             Preferred Stock,  the form of Rights  Certificate
             and the  Summary  of Rights  attached  thereto as
             Exhibits A, B and C, respectively


                                  EXHIBIT NO. 1



                              AMTECH SYSTEMS, INC.


                                       AND


                   AMERICAN SECURITIES TRANSFER & TRUST, INC.


                                  RIGHTS AGENT



                                  -------------




                                RIGHTS AGREEMENT

                            DATED AS OF MAY 17, 1999


<PAGE>
                                TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION                                                                     PAGE
- -------                                                                     ----

1.  Certain Definitions                                                      1

2.  Appointment of Rights Agent                                              4

3.  Issue of Rights Certificates                                             4

4.  Form of Rights Certificates                                              5

5.  Countersignature and Registration                                        6

6.  Transfer, Split Up, Combination and Exchange of Rights Certificates;     7
    Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Rights Certificates

7.  Exercise of Rights; Purchase Price; Expiration Date of Rights            7

8.  Cancellation and Destruction of Rights Certificates                      9

9.  Reservation and Availability of Capital Stock                            10

10.  Preferred Stock Record Date                                             11

11.  Adjustment of Purchase Price, Number and                                11
      Kind of Shares or Number of Rights

12.  Certificate of Adjusted Purchase Price or Number of Shares              19

13.  Consolidation, Merger or Sale or Transfer of Assets or Earning Power    19

14.  Fractional Rights and Fractional Shares                                 21

15.  Rights of Action                                                        22

16.  Agreement of Rights Holders                                             22

17.  Rights Certificate Holder Not Deemed a Shareholder                      23

18.  Concerning the Rights Agent                                             23

19.  Merger or Consolidation or Change of Name of Rights Agent               24

20.  Duties of Rights Agent                                                  25

                                       i
<PAGE>
SECTION                                                                     PAGE
- -------                                                                     ----

21.  Change of Rights Agent                                                  27

22.  Issuance of New Rights Certificates                                     27

23.  Redemption and Termination                                              28

24.  Notice of Certain Events                                                29

25.  Notices                                                                 29

26.  Supplements and Amendments                                              30

27.  Successors                                                              31

28.  Determinations and Actions by the Board of Directors, etc               31

29.  Benefits of this Agreement                                              31

30.  Severability                                                            32

31.  Governing Law                                                           32

32.  Counterparts                                                            32

33.  Descriptive Headings                                                    32

Exhibit A -- Certificate of Amendment                                        A-1
Exhibit B -- Form of Rights Certificate                                      B-1
Exhibit C -- Form of Summary of Rights                                       C-1

                                       ii
<PAGE>
                                RIGHTS AGREEMENT

         RIGHTS AGREEMENT,  dated as of May 17, 1999 (the "Agreement"),  between
Amtech  Systems,  Inc., an Arizona  corporation  (the  "COMPANY"),  and American
Securities Transfer & Trust, Inc., as Rights Agent (the "RIGHTS AGENT").

                                   WITNESSETH

         WHEREAS, on May 17, 1999 (the "RIGHTS DIVIDEND  DECLARATION DATE"), the
Board of  Directors  of the Company  pursuant  to Section  10-624 of the Arizona
Revised  Statutes  authorized and declared a dividend  distribution of one Right
for  each  share  of  Common  Stock  (as  hereinafter  defined)  of the  Company
outstanding  at the close of business on June 9, 1999 (the "RECORD  DATE"),  and
authorized  the issuance of one Right (as such number may  hereafter be adjusted
pursuant to the  provisions  of Section  11(p)  hereof) for each share of Common
Stock of the Company issued between the Record Date (whether  originally  issued
or  delivered  from  the  Company's  treasury)  and the  Distribution  Date  (as
hereinafter  defined),  each Right initially  representing the right to purchase
one one-hundredth of a share of Series A Participating  Preferred Stock, without
par value, of the Company,  having the rights,  powers and preferences set forth
in the form of Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated  Articles of
Incorporation  of the Company  attached  hereto as Exhibit A, upon the terms and
subject to the conditions hereinafter set forth (the "RIGHTS");

         NOW,  THEREFORE,  in  consideration  of the  premises  and  the  mutual
agreements herein set forth, the parties hereby agree as follows:

         SECTION 1. CERTAIN  DEFINITIONS.  For purposes of this  Agreement,  the
following terms have the meanings indicated:

         (a)  "ACQUIRING  PERSON"  shall mean any Person who or which,  together
with all Affiliates and Associates of such Person, shall be the Beneficial Owner
(as such term is  hereinafter  defined)  of 15% or more of the  shares of Common
Stock then outstanding, but shall not include the Company, any Subsidiary of the
Company,  any employee  benefit plan of the Company or of any  Subsidiary of the
Company,  or any Person or entity  organized,  appointed or  established  by the
Company for or pursuant to the terms of any such plan, or any Person who becomes
an Acquiring Person solely as a result of a reduction in the number of shares of
Common Stock  outstanding due to the repurchase of shares of Common Stock by the
Company,  unless and until such Person shall  purchase or  otherwise  become the
Beneficial Owner of additional shares of Common Stock constituting 1% or more of
the then outstanding shares of Common Stock.

         (b)  "AFFILIATE"  and  "ASSOCIATE"  shall have the respective  meanings
ascribed to such terms in Rule 12b-2 of the General Rules and Regulations  under
the  Securities  Exchange  Act of 1934,  as amended and in effect on the date of
this Agreement (the "EXCHANGE ACT").

         (c) A Person  shall be deemed the  "BENEFICIAL  OWNER" of, and shall be
deemed to "beneficially own," any securities:

                                       1
<PAGE>
         (i) which such Person or any of such Person's Affiliates or Associates,
         directly or indirectly, has the right to acquire (whether such right is
         exercisable  immediately or only after the passage of time) pursuant to
         any agreement, arrangement or understanding (whether or not in writing)
         or upon the exercise of conversion  rights,  exchange  rights,  rights,
         warrants or options,  or otherwise;  PROVIDED,  HOWEVER,  that a Person
         shall not be deemed  the  "Beneficial  Owner"  of, or to  "beneficially
         own," (A)  securities  tendered  pursuant to a tender or exchange offer
         made by such Person or any of such  Person's  Affiliates  or Associates
         until such tendered  securities  are accepted for purchase or exchange,
         or (B) securities issuable upon exercise of Rights at any time prior to
         the occurrence of a Triggering  Event, or (C) securities  issuable upon
         exercise of Rights from and after the occurrence of a Triggering  Event
         which  Rights  were  acquired  by such  Person or any of such  Person's
         Affiliates or Associates prior to the Distribution  Date or pursuant to
         Section 3(a) or Section 22 hereof (the  "ORIGINAL  RIGHTS") or pursuant
         to Section  11(i) hereof in  connection  with an  adjustment  made with
         respect to any Original Rights;

         (ii)  which  such  Person  or  any  of  such  Person's   Affiliates  or
         Associates, directly or indirectly, has the right to vote or dispose of
         or has "beneficial  ownership" of (as determined pursuant to Rule 13d-3
         of the General Rules and Regulations under the Exchange Act), including
         pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding, whether or not
         in writing;  PROVIDED,  HOWEVER,  that a Person shall not be deemed the
         "Beneficial  Owner" of, or to  "beneficially  own," any security  under
         this  subparagraph  (ii) as a result of an  agreement,  arrangement  or
         understanding  to vote such security if such agreement,  arrangement or
         understanding:  (A)  arises  solely  from a  revocable  proxy  given in
         response to a public proxy or consent  solicitation  made  pursuant to,
         and in accordance with, the applicable  provisions of the General Rules
         and  Regulations  under  the  Exchange  Act,  and (B) is not also  then
         reportable  by such Person on Schedule  13D under the  Exchange Act (or
         any comparable or successor report); or

         (iii) which are  beneficially  owned,  directly or  indirectly,  by any
         other Person (or any  Affiliate or Associate  thereof)  with which such
         Person  (or any of such  Person's  Affiliates  or  Associates)  has any
         agreement,  arrangement or  understanding  (whether or not in writing),
         for the purpose of acquiring,  holding,  voting  (except  pursuant to a
         revocable  proxy as  described in the proviso to  subparagraph  (ii) of
         this  paragraph  (c)) or  disposing  of any  voting  securities  of the
         Company;  PROVIDED,  HOWEVER,  that nothing in this paragraph (c) shall
         cause a Person  engaged in the business as an underwriter of securities
         to be deemed the "Beneficial  Owner" of, or to "beneficially  own," any
         securities  acquired through such Person's  participation in good faith
         in a firm  commitment  underwriting  until the expiration of forty (40)
         days after the date of such acquisition.

         (d) "BUSINESS DAY" shall mean any day other than a Saturday,  Sunday or
a day on which  banking  institutions  in the State of Arizona or in the city in
which the  principal  office of the Rights  Agent is located are  authorized  or
obligated by law or executive order to close.

                                       2
<PAGE>
         (e) "CLOSE OF BUSINESS" on any given date shall mean 5:00 P.M., Arizona
time, on such date; provided,  HOWEVER,  that if such date is not a Business Day
it shall mean 5:00 P.M., Arizona time, on the next succeeding Business Day.

         (f) "COMMON STOCK" shall mean the common stock,  $.01 par value, of the
Company, except that "Common Stock" when used with reference to any Person other
than the Company  shall mean the capital  stock of such Person with the greatest
voting power, or the equity  securities or other equity interest having power to
control or direct the management, of such Person.

         (g)  "DIRECTOR"  shall mean (i) any member of the Board of Directors of
the Company, while such Person is a member of the Board, who is not an Acquiring
Person, or an Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person, or a representative
of an Acquiring  Person or of any such Affiliate or Associate,  and was a member
of the  Board  prior  to the date of this  Agreement,  or (ii)  any  Person  who
subsequently becomes a member of the Board, while such Person is a member of the
Board,  who is not an  Acquiring  Person,  or an  Affiliate  or  Associate of an
Acquiring  Person,  or a  representative  of an Acquiring  Person or of any such
Affiliate or Associate,  if such Person's nomination for election or election to
the Board is recommended or approved by a majority of the Directors.

         (h) "PERSON" shall mean any individual, firm, corporation,  partnership
or other entity.

         (i)  "PREFERRED  STOCK"  shall  mean  shares of Series A  Participating
Preferred  Stock, no par value, of the Company having the rights and preferences
set forth in the Form of Certificate  of Designation  attached to this Agreement
as Exhibit  "A" and,  to the extent  that there are not a  sufficient  number of
shares of Series A Participating  Preferred Stock  authorized to permit the full
exercise  of the  Rights,  any other  series of  Preferred  Stock of the Company
designated for such purpose containing terms substantially  similar to the terms
of the Series A Participating Preferred Stock.

         (j) "SECTION 11(A)(II) EVENT" shall mean the event described in Section
11(a)(ii) hereof.

         (k) "SECTION 13 EVENT"  shall mean any event  described in clauses (x),
(y) or (z) of Section 13(a) hereof.

         (l)  "STOCK  ACQUISITION  DATE"  shall  mean the  first  date of public
announcement  (which,  for purposes of this definition,  shall include,  without
limitation,  a report filed pursuant to Section 13(d) under the Exchange Act) by
the Company or an Acquiring Person that an Acquiring Person has become such.

         (m)  "SUBSIDIARY"  shall  mean,  with  reference  to  any  Person,  any
corporation of which an amount of voting securities sufficient to elect at least
a majority of the directors of such corporation is beneficially owned,  directly
or indirectly, by such Person, or otherwise controlled by such Person.

         (n) "TRADING DAY" shall have the meaning set forth in Section  11(d)(i)
hereof.

                                       3
<PAGE>
         (o)  "TRIGGERING  EVENT"  shall  mean the events  described  in Section
11(a)(ii) Event or any Section 13 Event.

         SECTION 2. APPOINTMENT OF RIGHTS AGENT. The Company hereby appoints the
Rights Agent to act as agent for the Company and the holders of the Rights (who,
in accordance with Section 3 hereof,  shall prior to the Distribution  Date also
be the holders of the Common Stock) in accordance  with the terms and conditions
hereof,  and the Rights Agent hereby accepts such  appointment.  The Company may
from time to time  appoint  such  Co-Rights  Agents as it may deem  necessary or
desirable and as may be agreed upon by the Rights Agent.

         SECTION 3.  ISSUE OF RIGHTS CERTIFICATES.

         (a)  Until  the  earlier  of (i) the  Close of  Business  on the  tenth
Business  Day after the Stock  Acquisition  Date (or, if the tenth  Business Day
after the Stock  Acquisition  Date occurs  before the Record Date,  the Close of
Business  on the  Record  Date),  or (ii) the  Close of  Business  on the  tenth
Business  Day (or such later  date as the Board of  Directors  shall  determine)
after the date that a tender or  exchange  offer by any Person  (other  than the
Company, any Subsidiary of the Company, any employee benefit plan of the Company
or of any  Subsidiary  of  the  Company,  or any  Person  or  entity  organized,
appointed or established by the Company for or pursuant to the terms of any such
plan) is first published or sent or given within the meaning of Rule 14d-2(a) of
the General Rules and Regulations  under the Exchange Act, if upon  consummation
thereof,  such Person would be the Beneficial Owner of 15% or more of the shares
of Common  Stock then  outstanding  (the  earlier  of (i) and (ii) being  herein
referred  to as the  "DISTRIBUTION  DATE"),  (x) the  Rights  will be  evidenced
(subject  to  the  provisions  of  paragraph  (c)  of  this  Section  3) by  the
certificates  for the Common Stock registered in the names of the holders of the
Common  Stock  (which  certificates  for Common Stock shall be deemed also to be
certificates  for Rights) and not by separate  certificates,  and (y) the Rights
will be  transferable  only in  connection  with the transfer of the  underlying
shares of  Common  Stock  (including  a  transfer  to the  Company).  As soon as
practicable  after the  Distribution  Date,  the Rights Agent will send,  at the
expense of the Company, by first-class,  insured,  postage-prepaid mail, to each
record  holder  of  the  Common  Stock  as of  the  close  of  business  on  the
Distribution  Date,  at the address of such  holder  shown on the records of the
Company, one or more right certificates,  in substantially the form of Exhibit B
hereto  (the  "RIGHTS  CERTIFICATES"),  evidencing  one Right for each  share of
Common Stock so held,  subject to  adjustment as provided  herein.  In the event
that an  adjustment  in the number of Rights per share of Common  Stock has been
made pursuant to Section 11(p) hereof, at the time of distribution of the Rights
Certificates,  the Company  shall make the necessary  and  appropriate  rounding
adjustments   (in   accordance   with  Section  14(a)  hereof)  so  that  Rights
Certificates  representing only whole numbers of Rights are distributed and cash
is paid in lieu of any fractional Rights. As of and after the Distribution Date,
the Rights will be evidenced solely by such Rights Certificates.

         (b) The  Company  will send a copy of a Summary  of Rights to  Purchase
Preferred Stock, in substantially  the form of Exhibit C hereto (the "SUMMARY OF
RIGHTS"), by first-class,  postage-prepaid mail, to each record holder of shares
of Common Stock as of the close of business on the Record  Date,  at the address
of such holder shown on the records of the Company.

                                       4
<PAGE>
         (c) Rights  shall be issued in  respect  of all shares of Common  Stock
which  are  issued  after  the  Record  Date  but  prior to the  earlier  of the
Distribution Date or the Expiration Date. Certificates  representing such shares
of Common  Stock  shall also be deemed to be  certificates  for Rights and shall
bear the following legend:

         "This  certificate  also  evidences  and entitles the holder  hereof to
         certain  Rights as set forth in the Rights  Agreement,  dated as of May
         17, 1999 (the "RIGHTS  AGREEMENT"),  between Amtech  Systems,  Inc. and
         American  Securities Transfer & Trust, Inc., as Rights Agent, the terms
         of which are  hereby  incorporated  herein by  reference  and a copy of
         which is on file at the principal offices of Amtech Systems, Inc. Under
         certain  circumstances,  as set  forth in the  Rights  Agreement,  such
         Rights will be evidenced by separate certificates and will no longer be
         evidenced by this  certificate.  Amtech Systems,  Inc. will mail to the
         holder of this certificate a copy of the Rights Agreement, as in effect
         on the date of mailing,  without  charge  promptly  after  receipt of a
         written request therefor.  Under certain circumstances set forth in the
         Rights Agreement,  Rights issued to, or held by, any Person who is, was
         or becomes an Acquiring  Person or any  Affiliate or Associate  thereof
         (as such terms are defined in the Rights Agreement),  whether currently
         held by or on behalf of such Person or by any  subsequent  holder,  may
         become null and void."

         With respect to such  certificates  containing  the  foregoing  legend,
until the earlier of (i) the Distribution  Date or (ii) the Expiration Date, the
Rights associated with the Common Stock  represented by such certificates  shall
be evidenced by such certificates  alone and registered  holders of Common Stock
shall also be the registered  holders of the associated Rights, and the transfer
of any of such  certificates  shall also  constitute  the transfer of the Rights
associated with the Common Stock represented by such certificates."

         SECTION 4.  FORM OF RIGHTS CERTIFICATES.

         (a) The Rights  Certificates (and the forms of election to purchase and
of assignment to be printed on the reverse  thereof) shall each be substantially
in the  form  set  forth  in  Exhibit  B  hereto  and may  have  such  marks  of
identification  or  designation  and such  legends,  summaries  or  endorsements
printed thereon as the Company may deem  appropriate and as are not inconsistent
with the provisions of this Agreement,  or as may be required to comply with any
applicable law or with any rule or regulation made pursuant  thereto or with any
rule or  regulation  of any stock  exchange on which the Rights may from time to
time be listed, or to conform to usage.  Subject to the provisions of Section 11
and Section 22 hereof, the Rights Certificates,  whenever distributed,  shall be
dated as of the Record Date and on their face shall entitle the holders  thereof
to purchase such number of one  one-hundredths  of a share of Preferred Stock as
shall be set forth therein at the price set forth therein (such  exercise  price
per one one-hundredth of a share, the "PURCHASE PRICE"), but the amount and type
of securities purchasable upon the exercise of each Right and the Purchase Price
thereof shall be subject to adjustment as provided herein.

         (b) Any Rights  Certificate  issued pursuant to Section 3(a) or Section
22 hereof that represents Rights  beneficially owned by: (i) an Acquiring Person
or any  Associate or Affiliate of an Acquiring  Person,  (ii) a transferee of an
Acquiring  Person  (or of  any  such  Associate  or  Affiliate)  who  becomes  a
transferee  after the Acquiring Person becomes such, or (iii) a transferee of an

                                       5
<PAGE>
Acquiring  Person  (or of  any  such  Associate  or  Affiliate)  who  becomes  a
transferee prior to or concurrently  with the Acquiring Person becoming such and
receives  such  Rights  pursuant  to either (A) a transfer  (whether  or not for
consideration)  from the Acquiring Person to holders of equity interests in such
Acquiring  Person  or to any  Person  with whom such  Acquiring  Person  has any
continuing  agreement,  arrangement or  understanding  regarding the transferred
Rights or (B) a  transfer  which  the  Board of  Directors  of the  Company  has
determined  is part of a  plan,  arrangement  or  understanding  which  has as a
primary  purpose  or effect of  avoiding  Section  7(e)  hereof,  and any Rights
Certificate  issued  pursuant to Section 6 or Section 11 hereof  upon  transfer,
exchange,  replacement or adjustment of any other Rights Certificate referred to
in this sentence, shall contain (to the extent feasible) the following legend:

         "The  Rights  represented  by  this  Rights  Certificate  are  or  were
         beneficially owned by a Person who was or became an Acquiring Person or
         an Affiliate  or  Associate  of an Acquiring  Person (as such terms are
         defined in the Rights Agreement).  Accordingly, this Rights Certificate
         and the  Rights  represented  hereby  may  become  null and void in the
         circumstances specified in Section 7(e) of such Agreement."

The  provisions  of Section  7(e) of this Rights  Agreement  shall be  operative
whether or not the foregoing legend is contained on any such Rights Certificate.

         SECTION 5.  COUNTERSIGNATURE AND REGISTRATION.

         (a) The Rights  Certificates shall be executed on behalf of the Company
by its  Chairman  of the Board,  its  President  or any Vice  President,  either
manually or by facsimile signature, and shall have affixed thereto the Company's
seal or a facsimile  thereof  which shall be  attested  by the  Secretary  or an
Assistant Secretary of the Company,  either manually or by facsimile  signature.
The Rights  Certificates  shall be  countersigned  by the Rights  Agent,  either
manually  or by  facsimile  signature,  and shall  not be valid for any  purpose
unless so  countersigned.  In case any  officer  of the  Company  who shall have
signed  any of the Rights  Certificates  shall  cease to be such  officer of the
Company before countersignature by the Rights Agent and issuance and delivery by
the Company, such Rights Certificates, nevertheless, may be countersigned by the
Rights  Agent and issued and  delivered  by the Company  with the same force and
effect as though the person who signed such Rights  Certificates  had not ceased
to be such officer of the Company;  and any Rights Certificates may be signed on
behalf of the Company by any person who, at the actual date of the  execution of
such Rights  Certificate,  shall be a proper officer of the Company to sign such
Rights  Certificate,  although  at the  date of the  execution  of  this  Rights
Agreement any such person was not such an officer.

         (b)  Following  the  Distribution  Date,  the Rights Agent will keep or
cause  to be  kept,  at  its  principal  office  or  offices  designated  as the
appropriate  place  for  surrender  of  Rights  Certificates  upon  exercise  or
transfer,  books for registration and transfer of the Rights Certificates issued
hereunder.  Such books  shall  show the names and  addresses  of the  respective
holders of the Rights  Certificates,  the number of Rights evidenced on its face
by  each  of the  Rights  Certificates  and  the  date  of  each  of the  Rights
Certificates.

                                       6
<PAGE>
         SECTION 6.  TRANSFER,  SPLIT UP,  COMBINATION  AND  EXCHANGE  OF RIGHTS
CERTIFICATES; MUTILATED, DESTROYED, LOST OR STOLEN RIGHTS CERTIFICATES.

         (a) Subject to the provisions of Section 4(b), Section 7(e) and Section
14 hereof, at any time after the Close of Business on the Distribution Date, and
at or  prior  to the  Close of  Business  on the  Expiration  Date,  any  Rights
Certificate or Certificates may be transferred,  split up, combined or exchanged
for another Rights Certificate or Certificates,  entitling the registered holder
to purchase a like number of one  one-hundredths  of a share of Preferred  Stock
(or, following a Triggering Event, Common Stock, other securities, cash or other
assets,  as  the  case  may  be)  as  the  Rights  Certificate  or  Certificates
surrendered  then  entitled  such  holder  (or  former  holder  in the case of a
transfer) to purchase.  Any registered  holder  desiring to transfer,  split up,
combine or  exchange  any Rights  Certificate  or  Certificates  shall make such
request in writing delivered to the Rights Agent, and shall surrender the Rights
Certificate or Certificates  to be transferred,  split up, combined or exchanged
at the  principal  office or  offices of the Rights  Agent  designated  for such
purpose. Neither the Rights Agent nor the Company shall be obligated to take any
action  whatsoever with respect to the transfer of any such  surrendered  Rights
Certificate  until the  registered  holder shall have  completed  and signed the
certificate  contained  in the form of  assignment  on the reverse  side of such
Rights  Certificate  and shall have  provided  such  additional  evidence of the
identity of the Beneficial Owner (or former  Beneficial  Owner) or Affiliates or
Associates thereof as the Company shall reasonably request. Thereupon the Rights
Agent  shall,  subject  to Section  4(b),  Section  7(e) and  Section 14 hereof,
countersign and deliver to the Person entitled  thereto a Rights  Certificate or
Rights  Certificates,  as the case may be,  as so  requested.  The  Company  may
require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or governmental charge that
may be  imposed  in  connection  with any  transfer,  split up,  combination  or
exchange of Rights Certificates.

         (b) Upon  receipt  by the  Company  and the  Rights  Agent of  evidence
reasonably satisfactory to them of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of
a Rights Certificate,  and, in case of loss, theft or destruction,  of indemnity
or security  reasonably  satisfactory to them, and  reimbursement to the Company
and the Rights Agent of all reasonable  expenses  incidental  thereto,  and upon
surrender  to the Rights Agent and  cancellation  of the Rights  Certificate  if
mutilated, the Company will execute and deliver a new Rights Certificate of like
tenor to the Rights Agent for  countersignature  and delivery to the  registered
owner in lieu of the Rights Certificate so lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated.

         SECTION 7.  EXERCISE  OF RIGHTS;  PURCHASE  PRICE;  EXPIRATION  DATE OF
RIGHTS.

         (a) Subject to Section 7(e) hereof, the registered holder of any Rights
Certificate  may  exercise  the Rights  evidenced  thereby  (except as otherwise
provided   herein   including,   without   limitation,   the   restrictions   on
exercisability  set forth in Section 9(c),  Section 11(a)(iii) and Section 23(a)
hereof)  in  whole or in part at any  time  after  the  Distribution  Date  upon
surrender of the Rights  Certificate,  with the form of election to purchase and
the  certificate on the reverse side thereof duly executed,  to the Rights Agent
at the  principal  office or  offices of the Rights  Agent  designated  for such
purpose,  together with payment of the aggregate  Purchase Price with respect to
the total number of one  one-hundredths  of a share of Preferred Stock (or other
securities,  cash  or  other  assets,  as the  case  may  be) as to  which  such
surrendered  Rights are then exercisable,  at or prior to the earlier of (i) the
close of business on May 16, 2009 (the  "FINAL  EXPIRATION  DATE"),  or (ii) the

                                       7
<PAGE>
time at which the Rights are  redeemed  as  provided  in Section 23 hereof  (the
earlier of (i) and (ii) being herein referred to as the "EXPIRATION DATE").

         (b) The  Purchase  Price  for  each  one  one-hundredth  of a share  of
Preferred  Stock  pursuant to the exercise of a Right shall  initially be $8.50,
and shall be subject to adjustment  from time to time as provided in Sections 11
and 13(a) hereof and shall be payable in accordance with paragraph (c) below.

         (c) Upon  receipt  of a  Rights  Certificate  representing  exercisable
Rights, with the form of election to purchase and the certificate duly executed,
accompanied by payment, with respect to each Right so exercised, of the Purchase
Price per one  one-hundredth of a share of Preferred Stock (or other securities,
cash or other assets, as the case may be) to be purchased as set forth below and
an amount equal to any applicable transfer tax, the Rights Agent shall,  subject
to  Section  20(k)  hereof,  thereupon  promptly  (i) (A)  requisition  from any
transfer  agent of the  shares of  Preferred  Stock (or make  available,  if the
Rights Agent is the transfer agent for such shares)  certificates  for the total
number of one  one-hundredths  of a share of Preferred Stock to be purchased and
the Company hereby irrevocably  authorizes its transfer agent to comply with all
such  requests,  or (B) if the Company  shall have  elected to deposit the total
number of  shares of  Preferred  Stock  issuable  upon  exercise  of the  Rights
hereunder  with a  depositary  agent,  requisition  from  the  depositary  agent
depositary receipts representing such number of one one-hundredths of a share of
Preferred  Stock as are to be  purchased  (in which  case  certificates  for the
shares of Preferred Stock represented by such receipts shall be deposited by the
transfer  agent with the  depositary  agent)  and the  Company  will  direct the
depositary agent to comply with such request,  (ii) requisition from the Company
the  amount  of  cash,  if any,  to be paid in  lieu  of  fractional  shares  in
accordance with Section 14 hereof,  (iii) after receipt of such  certificates or
depositary  receipts,  cause the same to be delivered  to, or upon the order of,
the  registered  holder of such Rights  Certificate,  registered in such name or
names as may be  designated  by such  holder,  and (iv) after  receipt  thereof,
deliver such cash,  if any, to, or upon the order of, the  registered  holder of
such Rights  Certificate.  The payment of the Purchase Price (as such amount may
be reduced pursuant to Section  11(a)(iii) hereof) may be made (x) in cash or by
certified  bank check or bank draft payable to the order of the Company,  or (y)
by delivery of a certificate  or  certificates  (with  appropriate  stock powers
executed  in blank  attached  thereto)  evidencing  a number of shares of Common
Stock  equal to the  then  Purchase  Price  divided  by the  closing  price  (as
determined  pursuant to Section  11(d)  hereof) per share of Common Stock on the
Trading Day immediately  preceding the date of such exercise.  In the event that
the Company is obligated to issue other securities  (including  Common Stock) of
the Company, pay cash and/or distribute other property pursuant to Section 11(a)
hereof,  the Company  will make all  arrangements  necessary  so that such other
securities,  cash and/or other  property are available for  distribution  by the
Rights Agent, if and when appropriate. The Company reserves the right to require
prior to the occurrence of a Triggering Event that, upon any exercise of Rights,
a number of Rights be exercised  so that only whole  shares of  Preferred  Stock
would be issued.

         (d) In case the  registered  holder  of any  Rights  Certificate  shall
exercise less than all the Rights evidenced  thereby,  a new Rights  Certificate
evidencing Rights equivalent to the Rights remaining unexercised shall be issued
by the  Rights  Agent and  delivered  to, or upon the order of,  the  registered
holder of such Rights  Certificate,  registered  in such name or names as may be
designated by such holder, subject to the provisions of Section 14 hereof.

                                       8
<PAGE>
         (e)  Notwithstanding  anything in this Agreement to the contrary,  from
and after the occurrence of the Section 11(a)(ii) Event, any Rights beneficially
owned by (i) an  Acquiring  Person or an  Associate or Affiliate of an Acquiring
Person,  (ii) a transferee of an Acquiring  Person (or of any such  Associate or
Affiliate) who becomes a transferee  after the Acquiring Person becomes such, or
(iii)  a  transferee  of an  Acquiring  Person  (or of  any  such  Associate  or
Affiliate) who becomes a transferee prior to or concurrently  with the Acquiring
Person  becoming such and receives such Rights pursuant to either (A) a transfer
(whether  or not for  consideration)  from the  Acquiring  Person to  holders of
equity  interests  in such  Acquiring  Person  or to any  Person  with  whom the
Acquiring  Person has any continuing  agreement,  arrangement  or  understanding
regarding the transferred  Rights or (B) a transfer which the Board of Directors
of the Company has determined is part of a plan,  arrangement  or  understanding
which has as a primary  purpose or effect the  avoidance of this  Section  7(e),
shall  become null and void  without any further  action,  and no holder of such
Rights shall have any rights  whatsoever  with  respect to such Rights,  whether
under any provision of this  Agreement or  otherwise.  The Company shall use all
reasonable  efforts  to insure  that the  provisions  of this  Section  7(e) and
Section 4(b) hereof are complied with, but shall have no liability to any holder
of Rights  Certificates  or other  Person as a result of its failure to make any
determinations with respect to an Acquiring Person or its Affiliates, Associates
or transferees hereunder.

         (f) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, neither
the Rights Agent nor the Company shall be obligated to undertake any action with
respect to a registered holder upon the occurrence of any purported  exercise as
set  forth in this  Section  7 unless  such  registered  holder  shall  have (i)
completed  and signed  the  certificate  contained  in the form of  election  to
purchase set forth on the reverse side of the Rights Certificate surrendered for
such exercise, and (ii) provided such additional evidence of the identity of the
Beneficial  Owner (or  former  Beneficial  Owner) or  Affiliates  or  Associates
thereof as the Company shall reasonably request.

         SECTION 8.  CANCELLATION  AND DESTRUCTION OF RIGHTS  CERTIFICATES.  All
Rights Certificates surrendered for the purpose of exercise, transfer, split up,
combination  or  exchange  shall,  if  surrendered  to the Company or any of its
agents,  be delivered to the Rights Agent for  cancellation or in canceled form,
or, if surrendered  to the Rights Agent,  shall be canceled by it, and no Rights
Certificates  shall be issued in lieu thereof  except as expressly  permitted by
any of the provisions of this Agreement. The Company shall deliver to the Rights
Agent for cancellation and retirement,  and the Rights Agent shall so cancel and
retire,  any other  Rights  Certificate  purchased  or  acquired  by the Company
otherwise  than upon the exercise  thereof.  The Rights Agent shall  deliver all
canceled Rights Certificates to the Company, or shall, at the written request of
the Company,  destroy such canceled Rights Certificates,  and in such case shall
deliver a certificate of destruction thereof to the Company.

         SECTION 9.  RESERVATION AND AVAILABILITY OF CAPITAL STOCK.

         (a) The Company  covenants and agrees that it will cause to be reserved
and kept available out of its authorized and unissued  shares of Preferred Stock
(and,  following the occurrence of a Triggering Event, out of its authorized and
unissued shares of Common Stock and/or other securities or out of its authorized
and issued shares held in its treasury), the number of shares of Preferred Stock

                                       9
<PAGE>
(and,  following the occurrence of a Triggering Event, Common Stock and/or other
securities) that, as provided in this Agreement,  including  Section  11(a)(iii)
hereof,  will be  sufficient  to permit the exercise in full of all  outstanding
Rights.

         (b) So long as the  shares  of  Preferred  Stock  (and,  following  the
occurrence of a Triggering Event, Common Stock and/or other securities) issuable
and  deliverable  upon the  exercise of the Rights may be listed on any national
securities  exchange,  the Company shall use its best efforts to cause, from and
after such time as the Rights become  exercisable,  all shares reserved for such
issuance to be listed on such  exchange  upon  official  notice of issuance upon
such exercise.

         (c) The  Company  shall use its best  efforts  (i) to file,  as soon as
practicable  following  the earliest  date after the  occurrence  of the Section
11(a)(ii) Event on which the  consideration  to be delivered by the Company upon
exercise of the Rights has been determined in accordance with Section 11(a)(iii)
hereof, or as soon as is required by law following the Distribution Date, as the
case may be, a  registration  statement  under the  Securities  Act of 1933,  as
amended (the "ACT"), with respect to the securities purchasable upon exercise of
the Rights on an appropriate form, (ii) to cause such registration  statement to
become  effective as soon as practicable  after such filing,  and (iii) to cause
such registration  statement to remain effective (with a prospectus at all times
meeting  the  requirements  of the Act) until the  earlier of (A) the date as of
which the  Rights are no longer  exercisable  for such  securities,  and (B) the
Expiration Date of the Rights.  The Company will also take such action as may be
appropriate  under, or to ensure  compliance  with, the securities or "blue sky"
laws of the various states in connection with the  exercisability of the Rights.
The Company may temporarily  suspend,  for a period of time not to exceed ninety
(90) days after the date set forth in clause (i) of the first  sentence  of this
Section 9(c), the exercisability of the Rights in order to prepare and file such
registration  statement  and  permit  it to  become  effective.  Upon  any  such
suspension,  the Company  shall  issue a public  announcement  stating  that the
exercisability of the Rights has been temporarily suspended, as well as a public
announcement   at  such  time  as  the   suspension  is  no  longer  in  effect.
Notwithstanding  any  provision of this  Agreement to the  contrary,  the Rights
shall not be exercisable in any  jurisdiction if the requisite  qualification in
such jurisdiction  shall not have been obtained,  the exercise thereof shall not
be permitted  under  applicable law or a registration  statement  shall not have
been declared effective.

         (d) The Company  covenants and agrees that it will take all such action
as may be  necessary  to  ensure  that  all one  one-hundredths  of a  share  of
Preferred  Stock (and,  following the occurrence of a Triggering  Event,  Common
Stock and/or other  securities)  delivered upon exercise of Rights shall, at the
time of delivery of the  certificates for such shares (subject to payment of the
Purchase  Price),  be duly and validly  authorized and issued and fully paid and
nonassessable.

         (e) The Company further  covenants and agrees that it will pay when due
and payable any and all federal and state  transfer  taxes and charges which may
be payable in respect of the issuance or delivery of the Rights Certificates and
of any certificates for a number of one  one-hundredths  of a share of Preferred
Stock (or Common  Stock and/or  other  securities,  as the case may be) upon the
exercise  of Rights.  The  Company  shall not,  however,  be required to pay any
transfer  tax which may be payable in respect of any  transfer  or  delivery  of
Rights  Certificates  to a Person  other than,  or the issuance or delivery of a
number of one  one-hundredths  of a share of  Preferred  Stock (or Common  Stock
and/or  other  securities,  as the case may be) in  respect of a name other than

                                       10
<PAGE>
that of, the  registered  holder of the Rights  Certificates  evidencing  Rights
surrendered for exercise or to issue or deliver any certificates for a number of
one  one-hundredths  of a share of Preferred Stock (or Common Stock and/or other
securities,  as the case may be) in a name  other  than  that of the  registered
holder upon the  exercise of any Rights until such tax shall have been paid (any
such tax being payable by the holder of such Rights  Certificate  at the time of
surrender) or until it has been established to the Company's  satisfaction  that
no such tax is due.

         SECTION 10.  PREFERRED STOCK RECORD DATE. Each person in whose name any
certificate for a number of one one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock (or
Common  Stock and/or  other  securities,  as the case may be) is issued upon the
exercise of Rights shall for all purposes be deemed to have become the holder of
record of such  fractional  shares of  Preferred  Stock (or Common  Stock and/or
other  securities,  as the  case  may  be)  represented  thereby  on,  and  such
certificate  shall  be  dated,  the  date  upon  which  the  Rights  Certificate
evidencing  such Rights was duly  surrendered  and payment of the Purchase Price
(and all applicable  transfer taxes) was made;  PROVIDED,  HOWEVER,  that if the
date of such surrender and payment is a date upon which the Preferred  Stock (or
Common Stock and/or other securities,  as the case may be) transfer books of the
Company are closed, such Person shall be deemed to have become the record holder
of such shares  (fractional  or  otherwise)  on, and such  certificate  shall be
dated, the next succeeding  Business Day on which the Preferred Stock (or Common
Stock and/or other securities, as the case may be) transfer books of the Company
are open. Prior to the exercise of the Rights evidenced thereby, the holder of a
Rights  Certificate  shall not be entitled to any rights of a shareholder of the
Company  with  respect  to shares  for which the  Rights  shall be  exercisable,
including,  without limitation, the right to vote, to receive dividends or other
distributions or to exercise any preemptive rights, and shall not be entitled to
receive any notice of any proceedings of the Company, except as provided herein.

         SECTION 11. ADJUSTMENT OF PURCHASE PRICE, NUMBER AND KIND OF SHARES AND
NUMBER OF RIGHTS.  The Purchase Price,  the number and kind of shares covered by
each Right and the number of Rights  outstanding  are subject to adjustment from
time to time as provided in this Section 11.

         (a)(i)  In the event the  Company  shall at any time  after the date of
         this  Agreement (A) declare and pay a dividend on the  Preferred  Stock
         payable in shares of Preferred  Stock,  (B) subdivide  the  outstanding
         Preferred  Stock,  (C) combine the  outstanding  Preferred Stock into a
         smaller number of shares of Preferred Stock, or (D) issue any shares of
         its  capital  stock  in  a  reclassification  of  the  Preferred  Stock
         (including any such reclassification in connection with a consolidation
         or  merger  in  which  the  Company  is  the  continuing  or  surviving
         corporation),  except as otherwise  provided in this Section  11(a) and
         Section  7(e) hereof,  the Purchase  Price in effect at the time of the
         record  date  for  such  dividend  or of the  effective  date  of  such
         subdivision,  combination or reclassification,  and the number and kind
         of shares of  Preferred  Stock or  capital  stock,  as the case may be,
         issuable on such date,  shall be  proportionately  adjusted so that the
         holder of any Right  exercised  after  such time shall be  entitled  to
         receive,  upon  payment  of the  Purchase  Price  then in  effect,  the
         aggregate  number  and kind of shares  of  Preferred  Stock or  capital
         stock,  as the case may be,  which,  if such  Right had been  exercised
         immediately  prior to such date and at a time when the Preferred  Stock
         transfer  books of the Company were open, he would have owned upon such

                                       11
<PAGE>
         exercise  and been  entitled  to  receive  by virtue of such  dividend,
         subdivision, combination or reclassification.  If an event occurs which
         would  require an  adjustment  under  both this  Section  11(a)(i)  and
         Section 11(a)(ii) hereof,  the adjustment  provided for in this Section
         11(a)(i)  shall be in  addition  to,  and shall be made  prior to,  any
         adjustment required pursuant to Section 11(a)(ii) hereof.

         (ii) In the event any Person  becomes an Acquiring  Person,  unless the
         event  causing the 15%  threshold  to be crossed is a  transaction  set
         forth in Section 13(a) hereof, or is an acquisition of shares of Common
         Stock  pursuant  to a  tender  offer  or  an  exchange  offer  for  all
         outstanding  shares of Common Stock at a price and on terms  determined
         by the unanimous approval of the Company's Board of Directors, to be in
         the best interests of the Company and its  shareholders  (a "QUALIFYING
         OFFER"),  then, promptly following the occurrence of such event, proper
         provision  shall be made so that  each  holder  of a Right  (except  as
         provided  below and in Section 7(e) hereof) shall  thereafter  have the
         right to receive,  upon exercise  thereof at the then current  Purchase
         Price in  accordance  with the  terms of this  Agreement,  in lieu of a
         number of one one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock, such number
         of shares of Common  Stock of the  Company  as shall  equal the  result
         obtained by (x) multiplying the then current Purchase Price by the then
         number of one  one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock for which a
         Right  was  exercisable  immediately  prior  to the  occurrence  of the
         Section   11(a)(ii)  Event,  and  (y)  dividing  that  product  (which,
         following  such  occurrence,  shall  thereafter  be  referred to as the
         "Purchase Price" for each Right and for all purposes of this Agreement)
         by 50% of the  current  market  price  (determined  pursuant to Section
         11(d) hereof) per share of Common Stock on the date of such  occurrence
         (such number of shares, the "ADJUSTMENT SHARES").

         (iii) In the event that the number of shares of Common  Stock which are
         authorized by the Company's Articles of Incorporation,  as amended, but
         not  outstanding  or reserved for issuance for purposes other than upon
         exercise  of the Rights are not  sufficient  to permit the  exercise in
         full of the Rights in accordance with the foregoing  subparagraph  (ii)
         of this Section 11(a),  the Company shall:  (A) determine the excess of
         (1) the value of the Adjustment  Shares issuable upon the exercise of a
         Right (the "CURRENT  VALUE") over (2) the Purchase  Price (such excess,
         the  "SPREAD"),  and (B) with respect to each Right (subject to Section
         7(e) hereof),  make adequate provision to substitute for the Adjustment
         Shares,  upon the exercise of such Right and payment of the  applicable
         Purchase Price,  (1) cash, (2) a reduction in the Purchase  Price,  (3)
         Common  Stock or other  equity  securities  of the Company  (including,
         without limitation, shares or units of shares, of preferred stock which
         the Board of Directors of the Company has deemed to have the same value
         as shares of Common  Stock (such  shares of  preferred  stock,  "common
         stock  equivalents")),  (4) debt  securities of the Company,  (5) other
         assets,  or (6) any  combination of the foregoing,  having an aggregate
         value equal to the Current Value,  where such aggregate  value has been
         determined  by the Board of  Directors  of the  Company in good  faith;
         PROVIDED,  HOWEVER,  if  the  Company  shall  not  have  made  adequate
         provision to deliver  value  pursuant to clause (B) above within thirty
         (30) days  following  the later of (x) the  occurrence  of the  Section

                                       12
<PAGE>
         11(a)(ii)  Event  and (y) the  date on  which  the  Company's  right of
         redemption  pursuant to Section 23(a) expires (the later of (x) and (y)
         being referred to herein as the "SECTION 11(A)(II) TRIGGER Date"), then
         the Company  shall be  obligated  to deliver,  upon the  surrender  for
         exercise  of a Right and  without  requiring  payment  of the  Purchase
         Price,  shares of Common Stock (to the extent  available)  and then, if
         necessary, cash, which shares and/or cash have an aggregate value equal
         to the Spread. If the Board of Directors of the Company shall determine
         in good faith that it is likely that  sufficient  additional  shares of
         Common Stock could be authorized  for issuance upon exercise in full of
         the Rights,  the thirty (30) day period set forth above may be extended
         to the extent  necessary,  but not more than ninety (90) days after the
         Section  11(a)(ii)  Trigger  Date,  in order that the  Company may seek
         shareholder  approval for the  authorization of such additional  shares
         (such period, as it may be extended, the "SUBSTITUTION PERIOD"). To the
         extent  that the  Company  determines  that some  action  need be taken
         pursuant  to  the  first  and/or  second   sentences  of  this  Section
         11(a)(iii),  the Company  (x) shall  provide,  subject to Section  7(e)
         hereof,  that such action  shall  apply  uniformly  to all  outstanding
         Rights,  and (y) may suspend the exercisability of the Rights until the
         expiration   of  the   Substitution   Period   in  order  to  seek  any
         authorization  of additional  shares  and/or to decide the  appropriate
         form of  distribution to be made pursuant to such first sentence and to
         determine the value thereof.  In the event of any such suspension,  the
         Company   shall   issue  a  public   announcement   stating   that  the
         exercisability of the Rights has been temporarily suspended, as well as
         a public  announcement  at such time as the  suspension is no longer in
         effect.  For  purposes of this  Section  11(a)(iii),  the value of each
         Adjustment  Share  shall be the  current  market  price (as  determined
         pursuant to Section  11(d) hereof) per share of the Common Stock on the
         Section  11(a)(ii)  Trigger Date and the per share or per unit value of
         any  "common  stock  equivalent"  shall  be  deemed  to be equal to the
         current market price (as  determined  pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof)
         of the Common Stock on such date.

         (b) In case the  Company  shall fix a record  date for the  issuance of
rights,  options or warrants to all holders of Preferred Stock entitling them to
subscribe for or purchase (for a period expiring within forty-five (45) calendar
days after such record date)  Preferred Stock (or shares having the same rights,
privileges  and  preferences  as the  shares  of  Preferred  Stock  ("EQUIVALENT
PREFERRED STOCK")) or securities  convertible into Preferred Stock or equivalent
preferred  stock  at a price  per  share  of  Preferred  Stock  or per  share of
equivalent  preferred  stock  (or  having a  conversion  price per  share,  if a
security  convertible  into Preferred Stock or equivalent  preferred stock) less
than the current market price (as  determined  pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof)
per share of Preferred  Stock on such record date,  the Purchase  Price to be in
effect after such record date shall be  determined by  multiplying  the Purchase
Price  in  effect  immediately  prior to such  record  date by a  fraction,  the
numerator of which shall be the number of shares of Preferred Stock  outstanding
on such  record  date,  plus the number of shares of  Preferred  Stock which the
aggregate offering price of the total number of shares of Preferred Stock and/or
equivalent  preferred  stock so to be  offered  (and/or  the  aggregate  initial
conversion price of the convertible  securities so to be offered) would purchase
at such current market price,  and the  denominator of which shall be the number
of shares of Preferred Stock outstanding on such record date, plus the number of
additional  shares of Preferred  Stock and/or  equivalent  preferred stock to be

                                       13
<PAGE>
offered for  subscription or purchase (or into which the convertible  securities
so to be offered are initially convertible). In case such subscription price may
be paid by delivery of consideration part or all of which may be in a form other
than cash, the value of such consideration  shall be as determined in good faith
by the Board of Directors of the Company, whose determination shall be described
in a  statement  filed with the Rights  Agent and shall be binding on the Rights
Agent and the holders of the Rights.  Shares of Preferred Stock owned by or held
for the account of the Company shall not be deemed  outstanding  for the purpose
of any such  computation.  Such adjustment shall be made  successively  whenever
such a record date is fixed,  and in the event that such rights or warrants  are
not so issued,  the Purchase  Price shall be adjusted to be the  Purchase  Price
which would then be in effect if such record date had not been fixed.

         (c) In case the Company shall fix a record date for a  distribution  to
all  holders  of  Preferred  Stock  (including  any  such  distribution  made in
connection with a consolidation or merger in which the Company is the continuing
corporation) of evidences of indebtedness,  cash (other than a regular quarterly
cash dividend out of the earnings or retained  earnings of the Company),  assets
(other than a dividend  payable in Preferred  Stock,  but including any dividend
payable in stock other than Preferred Stock) or subscription  rights or warrants
(excluding those referred to in Section 11(b) hereof),  the Purchase Price to be
in effect after such record date shall be determined by multiplying the Purchase
Price  in  effect  immediately  prior to such  record  date by a  fraction,  the
numerator of which shall be the current market price (as determined  pursuant to
Section 11(d) hereof) per share of Preferred Stock on such record date, less the
fair market value (as  determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of the
Company,  whose  determination  shall be described in a statement filed with the
Rights Agent) of the portion of the cash, assets or evidences of indebtedness so
to be distributed  or of such  subscription  rights or warrants  applicable to a
share of  Preferred  Stock and the  denominator  of which shall be such  current
market  price (as  determined  pursuant  to Section  11(d)  hereof) per share of
Preferred Stock.  Such adjustments  shall be made  successively  whenever such a
record date is fixed,  and in the event that such  distribution  is not so made,
the Purchase  Price shall be adjusted to be the Purchase  Price which would have
been in effect if such record date had not been fixed.

         (d)(i)  For  the  purpose  of any  computation  hereunder,  other  than
         computations made pursuant to Section  11(a)(iii)  hereof, the "CURRENT
         MARKET  PRICE" per share of Common Stock on any date shall be deemed to
         be the  average of the daily  closing  prices per share of such  Common
         Stock for the thirty  (30)  consecutive  Trading  Days (as such term is
         hereinafter  defined)  immediately prior to such date, and for purposes
         of  computations  made  pursuant  to  Section  11(a)(iii)  hereof,  the
         "current  market  price" per share of Common Stock on any date shall be
         deemed to be the average of the daily closing  prices per share of such
         Common  Stock for the ten (10)  consecutive  Trading  Days  immediately
         following  such  date;  PROVIDED,  HOWEVER,  that in the event that the
         current market price per share of the Common Stock is determined during
         a period  following the announcement by the issuer of such Common Stock
         of (A) a dividend  or  distribution  on such  Common  Stock  payable in
         shares of such Common Stock or  securities  convertible  into shares of
         such Common  Stock  (other than the  Rights),  or (B) any  subdivision,
         combination  or   reclassification   of  such  Common  Stock,  and  the
         ex-dividend  date for such dividend or  distribution or the record date

                                       14
<PAGE>
         for such subdivision,  combination or  reclassification  shall not have
         occurred prior to the commencement of the requisite thirty (30) Trading
         Day or ten (10) Trading Day period,  as set forth above,  then,  and in
         each such case, the "current  market price" shall be properly  adjusted
         to take into account  ex-dividend  trading.  The closing price for each
         day shall be the last sale price, regular way, or, in case no such sale
         takes  place on such day,  the  average  of the  closing  bid and asked
         prices,  regular  way,  in either  case as  reported  in the  principal
         consolidated  transaction  reporting  system with respect to securities
         listed or admitted to trading on the New York Stock Exchange or, if the
         shares of Common Stock are not listed or admitted to trading on the New
         York  Stock  Exchange,  as  reported  in  the  principal   consolidated
         transaction  reporting system with respect to securities  listed on the
         principal  national  securities  exchange on which the shares of Common
         Stock are listed or  admitted  to  trading  or, if the shares of Common
         Stock are not listed or admitted to trading on any national  securities
         exchange,  the last quoted  price or, if not so quoted,  the average of
         the high bid and low asked prices in the  over-the-counter  market,  as
         reported  by the  National  Association  of  Securities  Dealers,  Inc.
         Automated Quotation System ("NASDAQ") or such other system then in use,
         or, if on any such date the  shares of Common  Stock are not  quoted by
         any such organization,  the average of the closing bid and asked prices
         as  furnished  by a  professional  market  maker making a market in the
         Common Stock  selected by the Board of Directors of the Company.  If on
         any such date no market  maker is making a market in the Common  Stock,
         the fair value of such shares on such date as  determined in good faith
         by the  Board of  Directors  of the  Company  shall  be used.  The term
         "Trading  Day"  shall  mean  a day  on  which  the  principal  national
         securities  exchange on which the shares of Common  Stock are listed or
         admitted to trading is open for the  transaction of business or, if the
         shares of Common  Stock are not  listed or  admitted  to trading on any
         national  securities  exchange,  a Business Day. If the Common Stock is
         not publicly  held or not so listed or traded,  "current  market price"
         per share  shall  mean the fair value per share as  determined  in good
         faith by the Board of  Directors of the  Company,  whose  determination
         shall be described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent and shall
         be conclusive for all purposes.

         (ii) For the purpose of any computation hereunder,  the "current market
         price" per share of  Preferred  Stock shall be  determined  in the same
         manner as set forth  above for the  Common  Stock in clause (i) of this
         Section  11(d) (other than the last sentence  thereof).  If the current
         market price per share of Preferred  Stock cannot be  determined in the
         manner provided above or if the Preferred Stock is not publicly held or
         listed or traded in a manner  described  in clause (i) of this  Section
         11(d), the "current market price" per share of Preferred Stock shall be
         conclusively deemed to be an amount equal to 100 (as such number may be
         appropriately adjusted for such events as stock splits, stock dividends
         and recapitalizations  with respect to the Common Stock occurring after
         the date of this Agreement)  multiplied by the current market price per
         share  of the  Common  Stock.  If  neither  the  Common  Stock  nor the
         Preferred  Stock is  publicly  held or so  listed or  traded,  "current
         market  price"  per share of the  Preferred  Stock  shall mean the fair
         value per share as  determined  in good faith by the Board of Directors
         of the Company,  whose  determination shall be described in a statement

                                       15
<PAGE>
         filed with the Rights Agent and shall be  conclusive  for all purposes.
         For all purposes of this  Agreement,  the "current market price" of one
         one-hundredth  of a share  of  Preferred  Stock  shall  be equal to the
         "current market price" of one share of Preferred Stock divided by 100.

         (e) Anything herein to the contrary  notwithstanding,  no adjustment in
the Purchase  Price shall be required  unless such  adjustment  would require an
increase  or  decrease  of at least  one  percent  (1%) in the  Purchase  Price;
PROVIDED,  HOWEVER,  that any adjustments  which by reason of this Section 11(e)
are not  required to be made shall be carried  forward and taken into account in
any subsequent adjustment.  All calculations under this Section 11 shall be made
to the nearest cent or to the nearest  ten-thousandth of a share of Common Stock
or other share or  one-millionth  of a share of Preferred Stock, as the case may
be.  Notwithstanding  the first sentence of this Section  11(e),  any adjustment
required by this Section 11 shall be made no later than the earlier of (i) three
(3) years from the date of the transaction  which mandates such  adjustment,  or
(ii) the Expiration Date.

         (f) If as a result of an adjustment made pursuant to Section  11(a)(ii)
or Section  13(a) hereof,  the holder of any Right  thereafter  exercised  shall
become  entitled  to receive any shares of capital  stock  other than  Preferred
Stock, thereafter the number of such other shares so receivable upon exercise of
any Right and the Purchase  Price thereof  shall be subject to  adjustment  from
time to time in a manner and on terms as nearly equivalent as practicable to the
provisions with respect to the Preferred Stock contained in Sections 11(a), (b),
(c), (e), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k) and (m), and the  provisions of Sections 7, 9,
10, 13 and 14 hereof  with  respect to the  Preferred  Stock shall apply on like
terms to any such other shares.

         (g) All  Rights  originally  issued by the  Company  subsequent  to any
adjustment  made to the Purchase  Price  hereunder  shall  evidence the right to
purchase,  at the adjusted Purchase Price, the number of one one-hundredths of a
share of Preferred Stock  purchasable  from time to time hereunder upon exercise
of the Rights, all subject to further adjustment as provided herein.

         (h) Unless the Company shall have exercised its election as provided in
Section  11(i),  upon each  adjustment of the Purchase  Price as a result of the
calculations made in Sections 11(b) and (c), each Right outstanding  immediately
prior to the making of such adjustment  shall  thereafter  evidence the right to
purchase, at the adjusted Purchase Price, that number of one one-hundredths of a
share of Preferred Stock (calculated to the nearest  one-millionth)  obtained by
(i)  multiplying  (x) the number of one  one-hundredths  of a share covered by a
Right immediately prior to this adjustment,  by (y) the Purchase Price in effect
immediately  prior to such adjustment of the Purchase  Price,  and (ii) dividing
the product so obtained by the Purchase Price in effect  immediately  after such
adjustment of the Purchase Price.

         (i) The Company may elect on or after the date of any adjustment of the
Purchase Price to adjust the number of Rights,  in lieu of any adjustment in the
number of one  one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock purchasable upon the
exercise of a Right. Each of the Rights  outstanding after the adjustment in the
number of Rights shall be exercisable for the number of one  one-hundredths of a
share of Preferred Stock for which a Right was exercisable  immediately prior to
such  adjustment.  Each Right  held of record  prior to such  adjustment  of the
number of Rights shall become that number of Rights  (calculated  to the nearest
one   ten-thousandth)   obtained  by  dividing  the  Purchase  Price  in  effect

                                       16
<PAGE>
immediately  prior to adjustment of the Purchase  Price by the Purchase Price in
effect  immediately  after  adjustment of the Purchase Price.  The Company shall
make a public  announcement  of its  election  to adjust  the  number of Rights,
indicating  the record date for the  adjustment,  and, if known at the time, the
amount of the  adjustment to be made.  This record date may be the date on which
the  Purchase  Price is  adjusted  or any day  thereafter,  but,  if the  Rights
Certificates  have been  issued,  shall be at least ten (10) days later than the
date of the public  announcement.  If Rights Certificates have been issued, upon
each  adjustment  of the number of Rights  pursuant to this Section  11(i),  the
Company shall, as promptly as practicable, cause to be distributed to holders of
record  of  Rights   Certificates  on  such  record  date  Rights   Certificates
evidencing,  subject to Section 14 hereof,  the additional  Rights to which such
holders shall be entitled as a result of such  adjustment,  or, at the option of
the  Company,  shall  cause to be  distributed  to such  holders  of  record  in
substitution  and replacement for the Rights  Certificates  held by such holders
prior to the date of adjustment,  and upon surrender thereof, if required by the
Company, new Rights Certificates evidencing all the Rights to which such holders
shall  be  entitled  after  such  adjustment.   Rights  Certificates  so  to  be
distributed  shall be issued,  executed and countersigned in the manner provided
for herein (and may bear,  at the option of the Company,  the adjusted  Purchase
Price) and shall be  registered  in the names of the holders of record of Rights
Certificates on the record date specified in the public announcement.

         (j)  Irrespective  of any adjustment or change in the Purchase Price or
the number of one one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock issuable upon the
exercise of the  Rights,  the Rights  Certificates  theretofore  and  thereafter
issued may continue to express the  Purchase  Price per one  one-hundredth  of a
share and the number of one  one-hundredths  of a share which were  expressed in
the initial Rights Certificates issued hereunder.

         (k) Before  taking any action that would cause an  adjustment  reducing
the  Purchase  Price below the then stated  value,  if any, of the number of one
one-hundredths  of a share of  Preferred  Stock  issuable  upon  exercise of the
Rights, the Company shall take any corporate action which may, in the opinion of
its  counsel,  be  necessary  in order that the  Company may validly and legally
issue fully paid and nonassessable  such number of one one-hundredths of a share
of Preferred Stock at such adjusted Purchase Price.

         (l) In any  case  in  which  this  Section  11  shall  require  that an
adjustment  in the  Purchase  Price be made  effective as of a record date for a
specified  event,  the Company may elect to defer until the  occurrence  of such
event the issuance to the holder of any Right  exercised  after such record date
the number of one one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock and other capital
stock or securities of the Company, if any, issuable upon such exercise over and
above the number of one  one-hundredths  of a share of Preferred Stock and other
capital stock or securities of the Company,  if any, issuable upon such exercise
on the basis of the Purchase Price in effect prior to such adjustment; PROVIDED,
HOWEVER,  that the  Company  shall  deliver  to such  holder a due bill or other
appropriate instrument evidencing such holder's right to receive such additional
shares  (fractional or otherwise) or securities upon the occurrence of the event
requiring such adjustment.

         (m) Anything in this Section 11 to the  contrary  notwithstanding,  the
Company  shall be entitled to make such  reductions  in the Purchase  Price,  in
addition to those adjustments  expressly  required by this Section 11, as and to
the extent  that in their  good faith  judgment  the Board of  Directors  of the

                                       17
<PAGE>
Company shall determine to be advisable in order that any (i)  consolidation  or
subdivision of the Preferred Stock,  (ii) issuance wholly for cash of any shares
of Preferred Stock at less than the current market price,  (iii) issuance wholly
for cash of shares of  Preferred  Stock or  securities  which by their terms are
convertible  into or  exchangeable  for shares of  Preferred  Stock,  (iv) stock
dividends,  or (v) issuance of rights,  options or warrants  referred to in this
Section  11,  hereafter  made by the Company to holders of its  Preferred  Stock
shall not be taxable to such shareholders.

         (n) The  Company  covenants  and agrees  that it shall not, at any time
after the Distribution Date, (i) consolidate with any other Person (other than a
Subsidiary  of the Company in a  transaction  which  complies with Section 11(o)
hereof),  (ii) merge with or into any other Person  (other than a Subsidiary  of
the Company in a transaction which complies with Section 11(o) hereof), or (iii)
sell or  transfer  (or  permit  any  Subsidiary  to sell  or  transfer),  in one
transaction,  or a series  of  related  transactions,  assets or  earning  power
aggregating  more than 50% of the assets or earning power of the Company and its
Subsidiaries  (taken as a whole) to any other Person or Persons  (other than the
Company and/or any of its Subsidiaries in one or more transactions each of which
complies with Section 11(o) hereof),  if (x) at the time of or immediately after
such  consolidation,  merger or sale  there are any  rights,  warrants  or other
instruments  or  securities  outstanding  or  agreements  in effect  which would
substantially  diminish  or  otherwise  eliminate  the  benefits  intended to be
afforded by the Rights or (y) prior to, simultaneously with or immediately after
such  consolidation,  merger  or  sale,  the  shareholders  of  the  Person  who
constitutes,  or would constitute, the "Principal Party" for purposes of Section
13(a) hereof shall have received a distribution  of Rights  previously  owned by
such Person or any of its Affiliates and Associates.

         (o) The Company covenants and agrees that, after the Distribution Date,
it will not,  except as permitted  by Section 23 or Section 26 hereof,  take (or
permit any Subsidiary to take) any action if at the time such action is taken it
is  reasonably  foreseeable  that such action  will  diminish  substantially  or
otherwise eliminate the benefits intended to be afforded by the Rights.

         (p) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding,  in the
event that the Company shall at any time after the Rights  Dividend  Declaration
Date  and  prior  to  the  Distribution  Date  (i)  declare  a  dividend  on the
outstanding  shares of Common  Stock  payable  in shares of Common  Stock,  (ii)
subdivide  the  outstanding  shares  of  Common  Stock,  or  (iii)  combine  the
outstanding  shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares,  the number
of Rights associated with each share of Common Stock then outstanding, or issued
or  delivered   thereafter  but  prior  to  the  Distribution   Date,  shall  be
proportionately adjusted so that the number of Rights thereafter associated with
each  share of Common  Stock  following  any such event  shall  equal the result
obtained  by  multiplying  the  number of Rights  associated  with each share of
Common  Stock  immediately  prior to such event by a fraction  the  numerator of
which  shall  be  the  total  number  of  shares  of  Common  Stock  outstanding
immediately  prior to the  occurrence of the event and the  denominator of which
shall be the total  number of shares  of Common  Stock  outstanding  immediately
following the occurrence of such event.

         SECTION 12. CERTIFICATE OF ADJUSTED PURCHASE PRICE OR NUMBER OF SHARES.
Whenever an  adjustment is made as provided in Section 11 and Section 13 hereof,
the  Company  shall  (a)  promptly  prepare a  certificate  setting  forth  such
adjustment and a brief  statement of the facts  accounting for such  adjustment,

                                       18
<PAGE>
(b) promptly  file with the Rights Agent,  and with each transfer  agent for the
Preferred Stock and the Common Stock, a copy of such  certificate,  and (c) mail
or cause the Rights  Agent to mail a brief  summary  thereof to each holder of a
Rights  Certificate (or, if prior to the Distribution  Date, to each holder of a
certificate  representing  shares of Common Stock) in accordance with Section 25
hereof.  The  Rights  Agent  shall be fully  protected  in  relying  on any such
certificate and on any adjustment therein contained.

         SECTION  13.  CONSOLIDATION,  MERGER OR SALE OR  TRANSFER  OF ASSETS OR
EARNING POWER.

         (a) In the event that,  following the Stock Acquisition Date,  directly
or indirectly,  (x) the Company shall  consolidate with, or merge with and into,
any other Person (other than a Subsidiary of the Company in a transaction  which
complies with Section 11(o) hereof), and the Company shall not be the continuing
or surviving  corporation of such consolidation or merger, (y) any Person (other
than a Subsidiary  of the Company in a transaction  which  complies with Section
11(o) hereof) shall  consolidate  with, or merge with or into, the Company,  and
the  Company  shall  be  the   continuing  or  surviving   corporation  of  such
consolidation  or merger and, in connection with such  consolidation  or merger,
all or part of the  outstanding  shares of Common Stock shall be changed into or
exchanged for stock or other securities of any other Person or cash or any other
property, or (z) the Company shall sell or otherwise transfer (or one or more of
its  Subsidiaries  shall sell or otherwise  transfer),  in one  transaction or a
series of related  transactions,  assets or earning power  aggregating more than
50% of the assets or earning power of the Company and its Subsidiaries (taken as
a whole) to any Person or Persons  (other than the Company or any  Subsidiary of
the Company in one or more  transactions  each of which  complies  with  Section
11(o)  hereof),  then, and in each such case (except as may be  contemplated  by
Section 13(d) hereof),  proper  provision shall be made so that: (i) each holder
of a Right, except as provided in Section 7(e) hereof, shall thereafter have the
right to receive,  upon the exercise  thereof at the then current Purchase Price
in  accordance  with  the  terms  of this  Agreement,  such  number  of  validly
authorized and issued, fully paid,  nonassessable and freely tradeable shares of
Common Stock of the Principal Party (as such term is hereinafter  defined),  not
subject to any liens,  encumbrances,  rights of first  refusal or other  adverse
claims,  as shall be equal to the result  obtained by (1)  multiplying  the then
current  Purchase  Price  by the  number  of one  one-hundredths  of a share  of
Preferred Stock for which a Right is exercisable  immediately prior to the first
occurrence  of a  Section  13 Event  (or,  if the  Section  11(a)(ii)  Event has
occurred prior to the occurrence of a Section 13 Event,  multiplying  the number
of such  one  one-hundredths  of a share  for  which  a  Right  was  exercisable
immediately  prior  to the  occurrence  of the  Section  11(a)(ii)  Event by the
Purchase  Price in  effect  immediately  prior to such  first  occurrence),  and
dividing that product  (which,  following  the first  occurrence of a Section 13
Event,  shall be referred to as the "Purchase  Price" for each Right and for all
purposes of this  Agreement) by (2) 50% of the current market price  (determined
pursuant  to Section  11(d)(i)  hereof)  per share of the  Common  Stock of such
Principal Party on the date of consummation of such Section 13 Event;  (ii) such
Principal Party shall  thereafter be liable for, and shall assume,  by virtue of
such Section 13 Event, all the obligations and duties of the Company pursuant to
this Agreement;  (iii) the term "Company" shall thereafter be deemed to refer to
such  Principal  Party,  it being  specifically  intended that the provisions of
Section 11 hereof shall apply only to such Principal  Party  following the first
occurrence  of a Section 13 Event;  (iv) such  Principal  Party  shall take such
steps (including,  but not limited to, the reservation of a sufficient number of
shares of its Common  Stock) in  connection  with the  consummation  of any such
transaction  as may be  necessary  to assure that the  provisions  hereof  shall

                                       19
<PAGE>
thereafter be  applicable,  as nearly as  reasonably  may be, in relation to its
shares of Common Stock  thereafter  deliverable upon the exercise of the Rights;
and (v) the  provisions  of  Section  11(a)(ii)  hereof  shall  be of no  effect
following the first occurrence of any Section 13 Event.

         (b)  "PRINCIPAL  PARTY"  shall mean (i) in the case of any  transaction
described  in clause  (x) or (y) of the first  sentence  of Section  13(a),  the
Person that is the issuer of any securities into which shares of Common Stock of
the Company are converted in such merger or consolidation,  and if no securities
are  so  issued,  the  Person  that  is  the  other  party  to  such  merger  or
consolidation;  and (ii) in the case of any transaction  described in clause (z)
of the first sentence of Section 13(a),  the Person that is the party  receiving
the greatest portion of the assets or earning power transferred pursuant to such
transaction or transactions;  provided,  HOWEVER,  that in any such case, (1) if
the  Common  Stock  of  such  Person  is not at  such  time  and  has  not  been
continuously  over the  preceding  twelve  (12) month  period  registered  under
Section  12 of the  Exchange  Act,  and  such  Person  is a direct  or  indirect
Subsidiary  of  another  Person  the  Common  Stock  of which is and has been so
registered,  "Principal Party" shall refer to such other Person; and (2) in case
such Person is a Subsidiary,  directly or  indirectly,  of more than one Person,
the  Common  Stocks  of two or more of which  are and have  been so  registered,
"Principal  Party" shall refer to whichever of such Persons is the issuer of the
Common Stock having the greatest aggregate market value.

         (c) The Company shall not  consummate any such  consolidation,  merger,
sale or transfer  unless the Principal  Party shall have a sufficient  number of
authorized shares of its Common Stock which have not been issued or reserved for
issuance to permit the  exercise in full of the Rights in  accordance  with this
Section 13 and unless prior thereto the Company and such  Principal  Party shall
have  executed  and  delivered  to the  Rights  Agent a  supplemental  agreement
providing for the terms set forth in  paragraphs  (a) and (b) of this Section 13
and  further  providing  that,  as soon as  practicable  after  the  date of any
consolidation,  merger  or sale of assets  mentioned  in  paragraph  (a) of this
Section  13,  the  Principal  Party  will (i)  prepare  and file a  registration
statement  under  the  Act,  with  respect  to the  Rights  and  the  securities
purchasable upon exercise of the Rights on an appropriate form, and will use its
best efforts to cause such  registration  statement  to (A) become  effective as
soon  as  practicable  after  such  filing  and  (B)  remain  effective  (with a
prospectus  at all  times  meeting  the  requirements  of  the  Act)  until  the
Expiration  Date;  and (ii) will  deliver to  holders  of the Rights  historical
financial  statements for the Principal  Party and each of its Affiliates  which
comply in all respects with the  requirements  for registration on Form 10 under
the Exchange  Act. The  provisions of this Section 13 shall  similarly  apply to
successive  mergers or consolidations or sales or other transfers.  In the event
that a Section  13 Event  shall  occur at any time after the  occurrence  of the
Section  11(a)(ii)  Event,  the Rights which have not theretofore been exercised
shall thereafter become exercisable in the manner described in Section 13(a).

         (d) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, Section
13 shall not be applicable to a transaction  described in subparagraphs  (x) and
(y) of Section 13(a) if (i) such  transaction  is  consummated  with a Person or
Persons who acquired shares of Common Stock pursuant to a Qualifying Offer (or a
wholly owned subsidiary of such Person or Persons),  (ii) the price per share of
Common Stock offered in such transaction is not less than the price per share of
Common  Stock paid to all holders of shares of Common  Stock  whose  shares were
purchased pursuant to such tender offer or exchange offer, and (iii) the form of
consideration  being offered to the remaining  holders of shares of Common Stock
pursuant  to such  transaction  is the  same as the form of  consideration  paid

                                       20
<PAGE>
pursuant to such tender offer or exchange offer.  Upon  consummation of any such
transaction  contemplated  by this Section  13(d),  all Rights  hereunder  shall
expire.

         SECTION 14.  FRACTIONAL RIGHTS AND FRACTIONAL SHARES.

         (a) The Company  shall not be required  to issue  fractions  of Rights,
except prior to the Distribution Date as provided in Section 11(p) hereof, or to
distribute Rights Certificates which evidence fractional Rights. In lieu of such
fractional  Rights,  there shall be paid to the registered holders of the Rights
Certificates  with regard to which such  fractional  Rights  would  otherwise be
issuable,  an amount in cash equal to the same  fraction of the  current  market
value of a whole Right.  For purposes of this Section 14(a),  the current market
value of a whole Right shall be the closing  price of the Rights for the Trading
Day  immediately  prior to the date on which such  fractional  Rights would have
been  otherwise  issuable.  The closing price of the Rights for any day shall be
the last sale price,  regular  way, or, in case no such sale takes place on such
day,  the average of the closing bid and asked  prices,  regular  way, in either
case as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with
respect  to  securities  listed or  admitted  to  trading  on the New York Stock
Exchange or, if the Rights are not listed or admitted to trading on the New York
Stock Exchange, as reported in the principal consolidated  transaction reporting
system with respect to securities  listed on the principal  national  securities
exchange on which the Rights are listed or admitted to trading, or if the Rights
are not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities  exchange,  the
last  quoted  price or, if not so  quoted,  the  average of the high bid and low
asked prices in the over-the-counter market, as reported by NASDAQ or such other
system then in use or, if on any such date the Rights are not quoted by any such
organization,  the average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by a
professional market maker making a market in the Rights selected by the Board of
Directors of the  Company.  If on any such date no such market maker is making a
market in the Rights the fair value of the Rights on such date as  determined in
good faith by the Board of Directors of the Company shall be used.

         (b) The Company  shall not be required to issue  fractions of shares of
Preferred  Stock  (other than  fractions  which are  integral  multiples  of one
one-hundredth  of a share of  Preferred  Stock,  which may, at the option of the
Company, be evidenced by depositary  receipts) upon exercise of the Rights or to
distribute  certificates  which evidence  fractional  shares of Preferred  Stock
(other than fractions  which are integral  multiples of one  one-hundredth  of a
share of Preferred  Stock). In lieu of fractional shares of Preferred Stock that
are not integral  multiples of one  one-hundredth of a share of Preferred Stock,
the Company may pay to the registered holders of Rights Certificates at the time
such Rights are exercised as herein provided an amount in cash equal to the same
fraction  of the  current  market  value  of one  one-hundredth  of a  share  of
Preferred Stock. For purposes of this Section 14(b), the current market value of
one  one-hundredth  of a share of Preferred Stock shall be one  one-hundredth of
the  closing  price of a share of  Preferred  Stock (as  determined  pursuant to
Section  11(d)(ii)  hereof) for the Trading Day immediately prior to the date of
such exercise.

         (c) Following the occurrence of a Triggering  Event,  the Company shall
not be required to issue  fractions of shares of Common  Stock upon  exercise of
the Rights or to distribute  certificates  which evidence  fractional  shares of
Common Stock. In lieu of fractional  shares of Common Stock, the Company may pay
to the  registered  holders of Rights  Certificates  at the time such Rights are

                                       21
<PAGE>
exercised as herein provided an amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the
current  market  value of one (1) share of Common  Stock.  For  purposes of this
Section  14(c),  the current market value of one (1) share of Common Stock shall
be the closing price of one (1) share of Common Stock (as determined pursuant to
Section  11(d)(i)  hereof) for the Trading Day immediately  prior to the date of
such exercise.

         (d) The holder of a Right by the  acceptance  of the  Rights  expressly
waives his right to receive any fractional  Rights or any fractional shares upon
exercise of a Right, except as permitted by this Section 14.

         SECTION 15.  RIGHTS OF ACTION.  All rights of action in respect of this
Agreement  are  vested  in the  respective  registered  holders  of  the  Rights
Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution Date, the registered holders of the
Common Stock); and any registered holder of any Rights Certificate (or, prior to
the Distribution  Date, of the Common Stock),  without the consent of the Rights
Agent  or of the  holder  of any  other  Rights  Certificate  (or,  prior to the
Distribution Date, of the Common Stock),  may, in his own behalf and for his own
benefit,  enforce and may institute and maintain any suit,  action or proceeding
against  the Company to enforce,  or  otherwise  act in respect of, his right to
exercise the Rights evidenced by such Rights  Certificate in the manner provided
in such Rights Certificate and in this Agreement. Without limiting the foregoing
or  any  remedies  available  to  the  holders  of  Rights,  it is  specifically
acknowledged that the holders of Rights would not have an adequate remedy at law
for any breach of this  Agreement and shall be entitled to specific  performance
of the obligations  hereunder and injunctive relief against actual or threatened
violations of the obligations hereunder of any Person subject to this Agreement.

         SECTION 16.  AGREEMENT  OF RIGHTS  HOLDERS.  Every holder of a Right by
accepting the same consents and agrees with the Company and the Rights Agent and
with every other holder of a Right that:

         (a) prior to the  Distribution  Date,  the Rights will be  transferable
only in connection with the transfer of Common Stock;

         (b)  after  the   Distribution   Date,  the  Rights   Certificates  are
transferable  only on the registry  books of the Rights Agent if  surrendered at
the  principal  office  or  offices  of the  Rights  Agent  designated  for such
purposes,  duly endorsed or accompanied  by a proper  instrument of transfer and
with the appropriate forms and certificates fully executed;

         (c) subject to Section 6(a) and Section  7(f)  hereof,  the Company and
the  Rights  Agent  may  deem  and  treat  the  person  in  whose  name a Rights
Certificate  (or, prior to the  Distribution  Date, the associated  Common Stock
certificate)  is  registered  as the  absolute  owner  thereof and of the Rights
evidenced thereby  (notwithstanding any notations of ownership or writing on the
Rights  Certificates or the associated  Common Stock  certificate made by anyone
other than the Company or the Rights  Agent) for all  purposes  whatsoever,  and
neither  the  Company  nor the Rights  Agent,  subject to the last  sentence  of
Section  7(e)  hereof,  shall be  required  to be  affected by any notice to the
contrary; and

                                       22
<PAGE>
         (d) notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, neither
the Company nor the Rights  Agent  shall have any  liability  to any holder of a
Right or other  Person  as a  result  of its  inability  to  perform  any of its
obligations  under this  Agreement  by reason of any  preliminary  or  permanent
injunction  or other  order,  decree  or ruling  issued by a court of  competent
jurisdiction  or by a  governmental,  regulatory  or  administrative  agency  or
commission,  or any statute,  rule, regulation or executive order promulgated or
enacted by any  governmental  authority,  prohibiting  or otherwise  restraining
performance of such obligation; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, the Company must use its best
efforts to have any such order, decree or ruling lifted or otherwise  overturned
as soon as possible.

         SECTION 17.  RIGHTS  CERTIFICATE  HOLDER NOT DEEMED A  SHAREHOLDER.  No
holder, as such, of any Rights  Certificate  shall be entitled to vote,  receive
dividends  or be  deemed  for  any  purpose  the  holder  of the  number  of one
one-hundredths  of a share of  Preferred  Stock or any other  securities  of the
Company  which  may at any  time  be  issuable  on the  exercise  of the  Rights
represented  thereby,  nor shall  anything  contained  herein  or in any  Rights
Certificate be construed to confer upon the holder of any Rights Certificate, as
such, any of the rights of a shareholder of the Company or any right to vote for
the election of directors or upon any matter  submitted to  shareholders  at any
meeting thereof,  or to give or withhold consent to any corporate  action, or to
receive notice of meetings or other actions  affecting  shareholders  (except as
provided in Section 24 hereof), or to receive dividends or subscription  rights,
or  otherwise,  until the Right or Rights  evidenced by such Rights  Certificate
shall have been exercised in accordance with the provisions hereof.

         SECTION 18.  CONCERNING THE RIGHTS AGENT.

         (a)  The  Company  agrees  to  pay  to  the  Rights  Agent   reasonable
compensation  for all services  rendered by it hereunder and, from time to time,
on demand of the Rights  Agent,  its  reasonable  expenses  and counsel fees and
disbursements  and  other  disbursements  incurred  in  the  administration  and
execution  of this  Agreement  and the exercise  and  performance  of its duties
hereunder.  The Company  also agrees to  indemnify  the Rights Agent for, and to
hold it harmless  against,  any loss,  liability,  or expense,  incurred without
negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct on the part of the Rights Agent, for
anything done or omitted by the Rights Agent in connection  with the  acceptance
and  administration  of this  Agreement,  including  the costs and  expenses  of
defending against any claim of liability in the premises. The indemnity provided
for herein shall  survive the  expiration of the Rights and the  termination  of
this  Agreement.  The costs and  expenses  incurred in  enforcing  this right of
indemnification shall also be paid by the Company.

         (b) The Rights Agent may conclusively  rely upon and shall be protected
and shall incur no liability for or in respect of any action taken,  suffered or
omitted  by it in  connection  with  its  administration  of this  Agreement  in
reliance  upon any Rights  Certificate  or  certificate  for Common Stock or for
other securities of the Company,  instrument of assignment or transfer, power of
attorney,   endorsement,   affidavit,   letter,  notice,   direction,   consent,
certificate,  statement, or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine
and to be signed,  executed and, where necessary,  verified or acknowledged,  by
the proper Person or Persons.

                                       23
<PAGE>
         SECTION 19.  MERGER OR CONSOLIDATION OR CHANGE OF NAME OF RIGHTS AGENT.

         (a) Any corporation into which the Rights Agent or any successor Rights
Agent may be merged or with  which it may be  consolidated,  or any  corporation
resulting  from any merger or  consolidation  to which the  Rights  Agent or any
successor  Rights Agent shall be a party, or any  corporation  succeeding to the
corporate trust or stock transfer  business of the Rights Agent or any successor
Rights Agent,  shall be the  successor to the Rights Agent under this  Agreement
without the  execution  or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of
any of the parties hereto;  provided,  however,  that such corporation  would be
eligible for  appointment  as a successor  Rights Agent under the  provisions of
Section 21 hereof. In case at the time such successor Rights Agent shall succeed
to the agency created by this Agreement,  any of the Rights  Certificates  shall
have been  countersigned but not delivered,  any such successor Rights Agent may
adopt the countersignature of a predecessor Rights Agent and deliver such Rights
Certificates  so  countersigned;  and in  case at that  time  any of the  Rights
Certificates shall not have been  countersigned,  any successor Rights Agent may
countersign such Rights Certificates either in the name of the predecessor or in
the name of the  successor  Rights  Agent;  and in all such  cases  such  Rights
Certificates  shall have the full force provided in the Rights  Certificates and
in this Agreement.

         (b) In case at any time the name of the Rights  Agent  shall be changed
and at such time any of the Rights  Certificates  shall have been  countersigned
but not  delivered,  the Rights Agent may adopt the  countersignature  under its
prior name and deliver Rights Certificates so countersigned; and in case at that
time any of the  Rights  Certificates  shall  not have been  countersigned,  the
Rights Agent may countersign such Rights  Certificates  either in its prior name
or in its changed  name;  and in all such cases such Rights  Certificates  shall
have the full force provided in the Rights Certificates and in this Agreement.

         SECTION 20. DUTIES OF RIGHTS  AGENT.  The Rights Agent  undertakes  the
duties and  obligations  imposed by this Agreement upon the following  terms and
conditions,  and no  implied  duties  or  obligations  shall be read  into  this
Agreement  against the Rights Agent, by all of which the Company and the holders
of Rights Certificates, by their acceptance thereof, shall be bound:

         (a) Before  the  Rights  Agent acts or  refrains  from  acting,  it may
consult with legal counsel (who may be legal  counsel for the Company),  and the
opinion of such counsel shall be full and complete  authorization and protection
to the Rights Agent as to any action taken or omitted by it in good faith and in
accordance with such opinion.

         (b) Whenever in the  performance of its duties under this Agreement the
Rights  Agent  shall  deem it  necessary  or  desirable  that any fact or matter
(including,  without  limitation,  the identity of any Acquiring  Person and the
determination of "current market price") be proved or established by the Company
prior to taking or suffering any action  hereunder,  such fact or matter (unless
other  evidence in respect  thereof be herein  specifically  prescribed)  may be
deemed to be conclusively  proved and established by a certificate signed by the
Chairman of the Board,  the President,  any Vice President,  the Treasurer,  any
Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary of the Company and
delivered to the Rights Agent; and such certificate shall be full  authorization

                                       24
<PAGE>
to the Rights  Agent for any action  taken or suffered in good faith by it under
the provisions of this Agreement in reliance upon such certificate.

         (c) The  Rights  Agent  shall  be  liable  hereunder  only  for its own
negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct.

         (d) The Rights Agent shall not be liable for or by reason of any of the
statements  of fact or recitals  contained  in this  Agreement  or in the Rights
Certificates   or  be   required   to  verify   the  same   (except  as  to  its
countersignature  on such  Rights  Certificates),  but all such  statements  and
recitals are and shall be deemed to have been made by the Company only.

         (e) The Rights Agent shall not be under any  responsibility  in respect
of the validity of this  Agreement or the execution and delivery  hereof (except
the due  execution  hereof by the Rights Agent) or in respect of the validity or
execution of any Rights Certificate (except its countersignature  thereof);  nor
shall it be  responsible  for any  breach  by the  Company  of any  covenant  or
condition contained in this Agreement or in any Rights Certificate; nor shall it
be responsible for any adjustment required under the provisions of Section 11 or
Section 13 hereof or  responsible  for the manner,  method or amount of any such
adjustment or the  ascertaining of the existence of facts that would require any
such  adjustment  (except with  respect to the  exercise of Rights  evidenced by
Rights Certificates after actual notice of any such adjustment); nor shall it by
any act  hereunder  be deemed to make any  representation  or warranty as to the
authorization or reservation of any shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock to
be issued pursuant to this Agreement or any Rights  Certificate or as to whether
any shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock will,  when so issued,  be validly
authorized and issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

         (f) The Company agrees that it will perform,  execute,  acknowledge and
deliver or cause to be performed, executed,  acknowledged and delivered all such
further and other acts, instruments and assurances as may reasonably be required
by the Rights Agent for the carrying  out or  performing  by the Rights Agent of
the provisions of this Agreement.

         (g) The  Rights  Agent is  hereby  authorized  and  directed  to accept
instructions  with respect to the  performance of its duties  hereunder from the
Chairman of the Board,  the President,  any Vice President,  the Secretary,  any
Assistant  Secretary,  the Treasurer or any Assistant  Treasurer of the Company,
and to apply to such officers for advice or  instructions in connection with its
duties,  and it shall not be liable for any action taken or suffered to be taken
by it in good faith in accordance  with  instructions  of any such officer.  Any
application by the Rights Agent for written  instructions  from the Company may,
at the option of the Rights Agent,  set forth in writing any action  proposed to
be taken or omitted by the Rights Agent under this  Agreement and the date on or
after which such action shall be taken of such omission shall be effective.  The
Rights  Agent shall not be liable for any action  taken by, or omission  of, the
Rights Agent in accordance with a proposal  included in any such  application on
or after the date  specified in such  application  (which date shall not be less
than ten  Business  Days  after the date any  officer  of the  Company  actually
receives  such  application,  unless any such  officer  shall have  consented in
writing  to an earlier  date)  unless,  prior to taking any such  action (or the
effective date in the case of an omission), the Rights Agent shall have received
written  instructions  in response to such  application  subject to the proposed
action or omission and/or specifying the action to be taken or omitted.

                                       25
<PAGE>
         (h) The Rights Agent and any shareholder, director, officer or employee
of the  Rights  Agent  may  buy,  sell  or deal in any of the  Rights  or  other
securities of the Company or become pecuniarily interested in any transaction in
which the  Company  may be  interested,  or  contract  with or lend money to the
Company or otherwise  act as fully and freely as though it were not Rights Agent
under this Agreement. Nothing herein shall preclude the Rights Agent from acting
in any other capacity for the Company or for any other legal entity.

         (i) The Rights  Agent may  execute  and  exercise  any of the rights or
powers hereby vested in it or perform any duty hereunder  either itself or by or
through its attorneys or agents, and the Rights Agent shall not be answerable or
accountable for any act, default, neglect or misconduct of any such attorneys or
agents or for any loss to the  Company  resulting  from any such  act,  default,
neglect or misconduct;  provided,  however, reasonable care was exercised in the
selection and continued employment thereof.

         (j) No provision of this  Agreement  shall  require the Rights Agent to
expend or risk its own funds or otherwise  incur any financial  liability in the
performance  of any of its duties  hereunder or in the exercise of its rights if
there shall be reasonable  grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or
adequate  indemnification  against  such  risk or  liability  is not  reasonably
assured to it.

         (k) If, with respect to any Right Certificate surrendered to the Rights
Agent  for  exercise  or  transfer,  the  certificate  attached  to the  form of
assignment  or form of election to purchase,  as the case may be, has either not
been  completed  or  indicates  an  affirmative  response  to  clause 1 and/or 2
thereof, the Rights Agent shall not take any further action with respect to such
requested exercise of transfer without first consulting with the Company.

         (l) The Rights  Agent shall not be required to take notice or be deemed
to  have  notice  of  any  fact,  event  or  determination  (including,  without
limitation, any dates or events defined in this Agreement, or the designation of
any  Person  as an  Acquiring  Person,  Affiliate,  Approved  Acquiring  Person,
Associate or Subsidiary)  under the Rights Agreement unless and until the Rights
Agent  shall be  specifically  notified  in writing by the Company of such fact,
event or determination.

         SECTION 21. CHANGE OF RIGHTS  AGENT.  The Rights Agent or any successor
Rights Agent may resign and be discharged  from its duties under this  Agreement
upon  thirty (30) days'  notice in writing  mailed to the  Company,  and to each
transfer  agent of the  Common  Stock and  Preferred  Stock,  by  registered  or
certified  mail,  and to the holders of the Rights  Certificates  by first-class
mail. The Company may remove the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent upon
thirty (30) days'  notice in writing,  mailed to the Rights  Agent or  successor
Rights Agent, as the case may be, and to each transfer agent of the Common Stock
and Preferred  Stock, by registered or certified mail, and to the holders of the
Rights  Certificates by first-class mail. If the Rights Agent shall resign or be
removed or shall otherwise become incapable of acting, the Company shall appoint
a  successor  to the  Rights  Agent.  If the  Company  shall  fail to make  such
appointment  within a period of thirty  (30) days  after  giving  notice of such
removal  or  after  it has been  notified  in  writing  of such  resignation  or
incapacity by the resigning or incapacitated  Rights Agent or by the holder of a
Rights  Certificate (who shall, with such notice,  submit his Rights Certificate
for  inspection  by the  Company),  then any  registered  holder  of any  Rights
Certificate may apply to any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment
of a new Rights Agent.  Any successor  Rights  Agent,  whether  appointed by the

                                       26
<PAGE>
Company or by such a court, shall be a corporation  organized and doing business
under the laws of the United  States or of the State of Arizona (or of any other
state of the  United  States so long as such  corporation  is  authorized  to do
business as a banking institution in the States of New York or Arizona), in good
standing,  having a principal office in the States of New York or Arizona, which
is  authorized  under such laws to exercise  corporate  trust or stock  transfer
powers  and is  subject  to  supervision  or  examination  by  federal  or state
authority and which either has or is an affiliate of a corporation  which has at
the time of its appointment as Rights Agent a combined capital and surplus of at
least  $100,000,000.  After  appointment,  the  successor  Rights Agent shall be
vested with the same powers,  rights,  duties and  responsibilities as if it had
been  originally  named as Rights  Agent  without  further act or deed;  but the
predecessor  Rights  Agent shall  deliver and transfer to the  successor  Rights
Agent any property at the time held by it hereunder, and execute and deliver any
further assurance,  conveyance, act or deed necessary for the purpose. Not later
than the effective date of any such  appointment,  the Company shall file notice
thereof in writing with the predecessor  Rights Agent and each transfer agent of
the Common Stock and the Preferred  Stock,  and mail a notice thereof in writing
to the registered holders of the Rights Certificates. Failure to give any notice
provided  for in this  Section 21,  however,  or any defect  therein,  shall not
affect the  legality  or validity  of the  resignation  or removal of the Rights
Agent or the appointment of the successor Rights Agent, as the case may be.

         SECTION 22. ISSUANCE OF NEW RIGHTS CERTIFICATES. Notwithstanding any of
the provisions of this  Agreement or of the Rights to the contrary,  the Company
may, at its option, issue new Rights Certificates evidencing Rights in such form
as may be approved by its Board of Directors to reflect any adjustment or change
in the  Purchase  Price  and the  number  or kind or  class of  shares  or other
securities  or  property  purchasable  under  the  Rights  Certificates  made in
accordance  with the provisions of this  Agreement.  In addition,  in connection
with the issuance or sale of shares of Common Stock  following the  Distribution
Date and prior to the  redemption or  expiration of the Rights,  the Company (a)
shall,  with respect to shares of Common Stock so issued or sold pursuant to the
exercise of stock options or under any employee plan or arrangement,  granted or
awarded  as of the  Distribution  Date,  or upon  the  exercise,  conversion  or
exchange of securities  hereinafter  issued by the Company,  and (b) may, in any
other case, if deemed  necessary or appropriate by the Board of Directors of the
Company, issue Rights Certificates representing the appropriate number of Rights
in connection with such issuance or sale;  provided,  however,  that (i) no such
Rights Certificate shall be issued if, and to the extent that, the Company shall
be advised by counsel  that such  issuance  would create a  significant  risk of
material  adverse  tax  consequences  to the  Company or the Person to whom such
Rights Certificate would be issued, and (ii) no such Rights Certificate shall be
issued if, and to the extent that,  appropriate  adjustment shall otherwise have
been made in lieu of the issuance thereof.

         SECTION 23.  REDEMPTION AND TERMINATION.

         (a) The Board of Directors  of the Company  may, at its option,  at any
time prior to the earlier of (i) the close of business on the tenth Business Day
following the Stock  Acquisition  Date (or, if the Stock  Acquisition Date shall
have occurred  prior to the Record Date,  the close of business on the tenth day
following the Record Date), or (ii) the Final  Expiration  Date,  redeem all but
not less than all the then outstanding  Rights at a redemption price of $.01 per
Right, as such amount may be appropriately  adjusted to reflect any stock split,
stock  dividend or similar  transaction  occurring  after the date hereof  (such

                                       27
<PAGE>
redemption  price  being  hereinafter  referred to as the  "REDEMPTION  PRICE").
Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, the Rights
shall not be  exercisable  after the occurrence of the Section  11(a)(ii)  Event
until such time as the Company's right of redemption  hereunder has expired. The
Company may, at its option,  pay the Redemption Price in cash,  shares of Common
Stock  (based on the  "current  market  price," as  defined in Section  11(d)(i)
hereof,  of the  Common  Stock at the time of  redemption)  or any other form of
consideration deemed appropriate by the Board of Directors.

         (b)  Immediately  upon the  action  of the  Board of  Directors  of the
Company ordering the redemption of the Rights, evidence of which shall have been
filed with the Rights  Agent and  without  any  further  action and  without any
notice,  the right to  exercise  the Rights  will  terminate  and the only right
thereafter of the holders of Rights shall be to receive the Redemption Price for
each Right so held. Promptly after the action of the Board of Directors ordering
the redemption of the Rights,  the Company shall give notice of such  redemption
to the Rights  Agent and the holders of the then  outstanding  Rights by mailing
such notice to all such holders at each holder's last address as it appears upon
the registry  books of the Rights Agent or, prior to the  Distribution  Date, on
the registry books of the transfer agent for the Common Stock.  Any notice which
is mailed in the manner herein  provided  shall be deemed given,  whether or not
the holder  receives the notice.  Each such notice of redemption  will state the
method by which the payment of the Redemption Price will be made.

         SECTION 24.  NOTICE OF CERTAIN EVENTS.

         (a)  In  case  the  Company  shall  propose,  at  any  time  after  the
Distribution  Date, (i) to pay any dividend payable in stock of any class to the
holders of Preferred  Stock or to make any other  distribution to the holders of
Preferred Stock (other than a regular quarterly cash dividend out of earnings or
retained earnings of the Company),  or (ii) to offer to the holders of Preferred
Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or to purchase any  additional  shares
of  Preferred  Stock or shares  of stock of any  class or any other  securities,
rights or  options,  or (iii) to effect any  reclassification  of its  Preferred
Stock  (other  than  a  reclassification   involving  only  the  subdivision  of
outstanding  shares of Preferred  Stock), or (iv) to effect any consolidation or
merger into or with any other Person  (other than a Subsidiary of the Company in
a transaction  which complies with Section 11(o) hereof),  or to effect any sale
or other  transfer (or to permit one or more of its  Subsidiaries  to effect any
sale or other transfer), in one transaction or a series of related transactions,
of  more  than  50% of the  assets  or  earning  power  of the  Company  and its
Subsidiaries  (taken as a whole) to any other Person or Persons  (other than the
Company and/or any of its Subsidiaries in one or more transactions each of which
complies  with  Section  11(o)  hereof),  or  (v)  to  effect  the  liquidation,
dissolution  or winding up of the Company,  then, in each such case, the Company
shall give to each holder of a Rights Certificate, to the extent feasible and in
accordance with Section 25 hereof, a notice of such proposed action, which shall
specify the record date for the purposes of such stock dividend, distribution of
rights or warrants, or the date on which such  reclassification,  consolidation,
merger, sale, transfer, liquidation, dissolution, or winding up is to take place
and the date of participation  therein by the holders of the shares of Preferred
Stock, if any such date is to be fixed, and such notice shall be so given in the
case of any action covered by clause (i) or (ii) above at least twenty (20) days
prior to the record  date for  determining  holders  of the shares of  Preferred
Stock for purposes of such action,  and in the case of any such other action, at

                                       28
<PAGE>
least twenty (20) days prior to the date of the taking of such  proposed  action
or the date of  participation  therein by the holders of the shares of Preferred
Stock whichever shall be the earlier.

         (b) In case the Section  11(a)(ii)  Event shall occur,  (i) the Company
shall  as soon  as  practicable  thereafter  give to  each  holder  of a  Rights
Certificate,  to the extent feasible and in accordance with Section 25 hereof, a
notice of the  occurrence  of such event,  which shall specify the event and the
consequences of the event to holders of Rights under Section  11(a)(ii)  hereof,
and (ii) all references in the preceding  paragraph to Preferred  Stock shall be
deemed  thereafter  to refer to  Common  Stock  and/or,  if  appropriate,  other
securities.

         SECTION 25. NOTICES. Notices or demands authorized by this Agreement to
be given or made by the Rights Agent or by the holder of any Rights  Certificate
to or on the Company shall be sufficiently  given or made if sent by first-class
mail, postage prepaid, addressed (until another address is filed in writing with
the Rights Agent) as follows:

                           Amtech Systems, Inc., Inc.
                           131 South Clark Drive
                           Tempe, Arizona  85281
                           Telephone Number: (602) 967-5146
                           Facsimile Number: (602) 968-3763
                           Attn: Corporate Secretary

         Subject  to  the  provisions  of  Section  21,  any  notice  or  demand
authorized by this Agreement to be given or made by the Company or by the holder
of any Rights  Certificate to or on the Rights Agent shall be sent by registered
or certified  mail and shall be deemed given upon receipt and  addressed  (until
another address is filed in writing with the Company) as follows:

                           American Securities Transfer & Trust, Inc.
                           938 Quail Street, Suite 101
                           Lakewood, Colorado
                           Attention:  Legal Department
                           Telephone Number: (303) 234-5300
                           Facsimile Number: (303) 234-5340

         Notices or demands  authorized by this Agreement to be given or made by
the Company or the Rights Agent to the holder of any Rights  Certificate (or, if
prior to the  Distribution  Date,  to the  holder of  certificates  representing
shares  of  Common  Stock)  shall  be  sufficiently  given  or  made  if sent by
first-class  mail,  postage prepaid,  addressed to such holder at the address of
such holder as shown on the registry books of the Company.

         SECTION 26. SUPPLEMENTS AND AMENDMENTS.  Prior to the Distribution Date
and subject to the penultimate  sentence of this Section 26, the Company and the
Rights Agent shall, if the Company so directs, supplement or amend any provision
of  this  Agreement   without  the  approval  of  any  holders  of  certificates
representing  shares of Common Stock.  From and after the Distribution  Date and
subject to the  penultimate  sentence  of this  Section  26, the Company and the
Rights  Agent  shall,  if the  Company  so  directs,  supplement  or amend  this
Agreement  without the approval of any holders of Rights  Certificates  in order
(i) to cure any ambiguity, (ii) to correct or supplement any provision contained

                                       29
<PAGE>
herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provisions  herein,
(iii) to shorten or  lengthen  any time period  hereunder,  or (iv) to change or
supplement  the  provisions  hereunder  in any manner which the Company may deem
necessary or desirable and which shall not adversely affect the interests of the
holders of Rights  Certificates  (other than an Acquiring Person or an Affiliate
or  Associate of an  Acquiring  Person);  provided,  this  Agreement  may not be
supplemented or amended to lengthen,  pursuant to clause (iii) of this sentence,
(A) a time  period  relating  to when the Rights may be redeemed at such time as
the Rights are not then  redeemable,  or (B) any other time  period  unless such
lengthening is for the purpose of protecting, enhancing or clarifying the rights
of,  and/or the  benefits  to, the  holders of Rights.  Upon the  delivery  of a
certificate  from an  appropriate  officer of the Company  which states that the
proposed supplement or amendment is in compliance with the terms of this Section
26, the Rights Agent shall execute such supplement or amendment. Notwithstanding
anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, no supplement or amendment
shall be made which changes the Redemption Price, the Final Expiration Date, the
Purchase Price or the number of one one-hundredths of a share of Preferred Stock
for which a Right is exercisable;  provided,  however, that at any time prior to
(i) a Stock Acquisition Date or (ii) the date that a tender or exchange offer by
any Person (other than the Company,  any Subsidiary of the Company, any employee
benefit plan of the Company or any  Subsidiary of the Company,  or any Person or
entity organized, appointed or established by the Company for or pursuant to the
terms of any such plan) is first  published  or sent or given within the meaning
of Rule 14d-2(a) of the General Rules and Regulations under the Exchange Act, if
upon consummation  thereof,  such Person would be the Beneficial Owner of 15% or
more of the shares of Common Stock then  outstanding,  the Board of Directors of
the Company may amend this  Agreement to increase  the Purchase  Price or extend
the Final Expiration Date. Prior to the Distribution  Date, the interests of the
holders of Rights shall be deemed  coincident  with the interests of the holders
of Common Stock. Further notwithstanding anything to the contrary, no supplement
or  amendment  that changes the rights and duties of the Rights Agent under this
Agreement  will be effective  against the Rights Agent  without the execution of
such supplement or amendment by the Rights Agent.

         SECTION  27.  SUCCESSORS.  All the  covenants  and  provisions  of this
Agreement  by or for the benefit of the  Company or the Rights  Agent shall bind
and inure to the benefit of their respective successors and assigns hereunder.

         SECTION 28. DETERMINATIONS AND ACTIONS BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS,  ETC.
For all purposes of this  Agreement,  any calculation of the number of shares of
Common Stock  outstanding  at any  particular  time,  including  for purposes of
determining the particular percentage of such outstanding shares of Common Stock
of which any Person is the Beneficial  Owner,  shall be made in accordance  with
the last sentence of Rule  13d-3(d)(1)(i)  of the General Rules and  Regulations
under the Exchange  Act.  The Board of  Directors of the Company  shall have the
exclusive  power and authority to administer  this Agreement and to exercise all
rights and powers specifically granted to the Board or to the Company, or as may
be necessary or advisable in the  administration  of this Agreement,  including,
without limitation,  the right and power to (i) interpret the provisions of this
Agreement,  and (ii) make all  determinations  deemed necessary or advisable for
the administration of this Agreement (including a determination to redeem or not
redeem the Rights or to amend the  Agreement).  All such actions,  calculations,
interpretations and determinations (including, for purposes of clause (y) below,

                                       30
<PAGE>
all omissions with respect to the foregoing) which are done or made by the Board
in good faith,  shall (x) be final,  conclusive and binding on the Company,  the
Rights  Agent,  the  holders of the Rights  and all other  parties,  and (y) not
subject the Board to any liability to the holders of the Rights.

         SECTION 29. BENEFITS OF THIS AGREEMENT. Nothing in this Agreement shall
be construed to give to any Person other than the Company,  the Rights Agent and
the  registered   holders  of  the  Rights   Certificates  (and,  prior  to  the
Distribution  Date,  registered  holders  of the  Common  Stock)  any  legal  or
equitable right, remedy or claim under this Agreement;  but this Agreement shall
be for the sole and exclusive  benefit of the Company,  the Rights Agent and the
registered  holders of the Rights  Certificates  (and, prior to the Distribution
Date, registered holders of the Common Stock).

         SECTION  30.  SEVERABILITY.   If  any  term,  provision,   covenant  or
restriction  of this Agreement is held by a court of competent  jurisdiction  or
other  authority  to be invalid,  void or  unenforceable,  the  remainder of the
terms, provisions,  covenants and restrictions of this Agreement shall remain in
full force and effect and shall in no way be affected,  impaired or invalidated;
provided,  however,  that  notwithstanding  anything  in this  Agreement  to the
contrary, if any such term,  provision,  covenant or restriction is held by such
court  or  authority  to be  invalid,  void or  unenforceable  and the  Board of
Directors of the Company determines in its good faith judgment that severing the
invalid  language  from this  Agreement  would  adversely  affect the purpose or
effect of this Agreement, the right of redemption set forth in Section 23 hereof
shall be  reinstated  and shall not expire  until the close of  business  on the
tenth  Business Day  following  the date of such  determination  by the Board of
Directors. Without limiting the foregoing, if any provision requiring a majority
of the  Board  of  Directors  of the  Company  to act is  held by any  court  of
competent  jurisdiction or other authority to be invalid, void or unenforceable,
such  determination  shall then be made by the Board of Directors of the Company
in accordance  with applicable law and the Company's  Articles of  Incorporation
and Regulations.

         SECTION 31.  GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement,  each Right and each Rights
Certificate  issued  hereunder  shall be deemed to be a contract  made under the
laws of the State of  Arizona  and for all  purposes  shall be  governed  by and
construed in accordance with the laws of such State applicable to contracts made
and to be  performed  entirely  within  such  State,  except that the rights and
obligations  of  the  Rights  Agent,  shall  be  governed  by and  construed  in
accordance with the laws of the State of Arizona.

         SECTION 32. COUNTERPARTS.  This Agreement may be executed in any number
of counterparts and each of such  counterparts  shall for all purposes be deemed
to be an original,  and all such counterparts shall together  constitute but one
and the same instrument.

         SECTION 33. DESCRIPTIVE  HEADINGS.  Descriptive headings of the several
Sections of this  Agreement  are  inserted  for  convenience  only and shall not
control or affect the meaning or construction of any of the provisions hereof.

                                       31
<PAGE>
         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be
duly executed and their  respective  corporate seals to be hereunto  affixed and
attested, all as of the day and year first above written.


                                           AMTECH SYSTEMS, INC.

                                           By: /s/ Robert Hass
                                              ----------------------------------

                                           Name: Robert Hass
                                                 -------------------------------

                                           Title: Chief Financial Officer
                                                  ------------------------------


                                           AMERICAN SECURITIES TRANSFER & TRUST,
                                           INC., as Rights Agent

                                           By: /s/ Kathleen Heagerty
                                              ----------------------------------

                                           Name: Kathleen Heagerty
                                                 -------------------------------

                                           Title:
                                                  ------------------------------

                                       32
<PAGE>
                                    EXHIBIT A


                CERTIFICATE OF DESIGNATION OF RIGHTS, PREFERENCES

                                AND PRIVILEGES OF

                     SERIES A PARTICIPATING PREFERRED STOCK

                                       OF

                              AMTECH SYSTEMS, INC.



         Pursuant to the  provisions of Section  10-1001 of the Arizona  Revised
Statutes:

         We,  Jong S. Whang and Robert T. Hass,  the  President  and  Secretary,
respectively,  of Amtech  Systems,  Inc., a  corporation  organized and existing
under the laws of the State of Arizona, DO HEREBY CERTIFY:

         That pursuant to the authority conferred upon the Board of Directors by
the Articles of Incorporation,  as amended,  of the said  Corporation,  the said
Board of Directors on May 17, 1999, adopted the following  resolution creating a
series  of shares  of  Preferred  Stock  designated  as  Series A  Participating
Preferred Stock:

         "RESOLVED,  that  pursuant  to the  authority  vested  in the  Board of
Directors of the corporation by the Articles of Incorporation,  as amended,  the
Board of  Directors  does hereby  provide for the issue of a series of Preferred
Stock,  no  par  value,  of  the  Corporation,   to  be  designated   "Series  A
Participating  Preferred Stock,"  initially  consisting of 100,000 shares and to
the extent that the  designations,  powers,  preferences  and relative and other
special  rights and the  qualifications,  limitations  and  restrictions  of the
Series A  Participating  Preferred  Stock are not  stated and  expressed  in the
Articles  of  Incorporation,  as amended,  does hereby fix and herein  state and
express such  designations,  powers,  preferences and relative and other special
rights and the qualifications,  limitations and restrictions thereof, as follows
(all terms used herein  which are defined in the Articles of  Incorporation,  as
amended, shall be deemed to have the meanings provided therein):

1.  DESIGNATION  AND AMOUNT.  The shares of such series shall be  designated  as
"Series A Participating  Preferred Stock" and the number of shares  constituting
such series shall initially be 100,000 with no par value,  such number of shares
to be subject to increase or decrease by action of the Board of Directors.

2.       DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS.

                  (a) Subject to the prior and superior rights of the holders of
any shares of any series of Preferred  Stock  ranking  prior and superior to the

                                      A-1
<PAGE>
shares of Series A Participating Preferred Stock with respect to dividends,  the
holders of shares of Series A Participating Preferred Stock shall be entitled to
receive, when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors out of funds legally
available for the purpose,  quarterly  dividends payable in cash on the last day
of March,  June,  September  and  December  in each year  (each  such date being
referred to herein as a "Quarterly  Dividend  Payment Date"),  commencing on the
first  Quarterly  Dividend  Payment Date after the first  issuance of a share or
fraction of a share of Series A Participating  Preferred Stock, in an amount per
share  (rounded  to the  nearest  cent) equal to the greater of (a) $0.50 or (b)
subject to the provision for  adjustment  hereinafter  set forth,  100 times the
aggregate  per share amount of all cash  dividends,  and 100 times the aggregate
per  share  amount  (payable  in  kind)  of  all  non-cash  dividends  or  other
distributions  other  than a  dividend  payable  in shares of Common  Stock or a
subdivision of the outstanding  shares of Common Stock (by  reclassification  or
otherwise),  declared on the Common Stock, without par value, of the Corporation
(the "Common Stock") since the immediately  preceding Quarterly Dividend Payment
Date, or, with respect to the first Quarterly  Dividend  Payment Date, since the
first  issuance of any share or  fraction  of a share of Series A  Participating
Preferred  Stock. In the event the  Corporation  shall at any time after May 17,
1999 (the "Rights  Declaration  Date"), (i) declare any dividend on Common Stock
payable in shares of Common Stock, (ii) subdivide the outstanding  Common Stock,
or (iii) combine the  outstanding  Common Stock into a smaller number of shares,
then in each  such  case the  amount  to which  holders  of  shares  of Series A
Participating  Preferred  Stock were  entitled  immediately  prior to such event
under clause (b) of the preceding sentence shall be adjusted by multiplying such
amount by a fraction  the  numerator  of which is the number of shares of Common
Stock  outstanding  immediately after such event and the denominator of which is
the number of shares of Common Stock that were outstanding  immediately prior to
such event.

                  (b) The  Corporation  shall declare a dividend or distribution
on the Series A Participating Preferred Stock as provided in paragraph (a) above
concurrently  with its  declaration of a dividend or  distribution on the Common
Stock (other than a dividend payable in shares of Common Stock);  provided that,
in the event no dividend or distribution  shall have been declared on the Common
Stock during the period between any Quarterly Dividend Payment Date and the next
subsequent Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, a dividend of $0.50 per share of the
Series A  Participating  Preferred  Stock shall  nevertheless be payable on such
subsequent Quarterly Dividend Payment Date.

                  (c)  Dividends  shall  begin to accrue  and be  cumulative  on
outstanding shares of Series A Participating  Preferred Stock from the Quarterly
Dividend Payment Date next preceding the date of issue of such shares unless the
date of issue of such shares is prior to the record date for the first Quarterly
Dividend  Payment  Date,  in which case  dividends on such shares shall begin to
accrue from the date of issue of such  shares,  or unless the date of issue is a
Quarterly  Dividend  Payment  Date or is a date  after the  record  date for the
determination  of holders of shares of Series A  Participating  Preferred  Stock

                                      A-2
<PAGE>
entitled to receive a quarterly  dividend  and before  such  Quarterly  Dividend
Payment Date, in either of which events such dividends shall begin to accrue and
be cumulative  from such  Quarterly  Dividend  Payment Date.  Accrued but unpaid
dividends  shall not bear  interest.  Dividends  paid on the  shares of Series A
Participating  Preferred  Stock in an amount less than the total  amount of such
dividends at the time accrued and payable on such shares shall be allocated  pro
rata on a  share-by-share  basis among all such shares at the time  outstanding.
The Board of Directors may fix a record date for the determination of holders of
shares of Series A Participating  Preferred Stock entitled to receive payment of
a dividend or distribution declared thereon,  which record date shall be no more
than thirty (30) days prior to the date fixed for the payment thereof.

         3.  VOTING  RIGHTS.  The  holders  of shares of Series A  Participating
Preferred  Stock  shall have  voting  rights as set forth in Section  3.7 of the
Bylaws of the Corporation.

         4. CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS.

                  (a)  Whenever  quarterly   dividends  or  other  dividends  or
distributions payable on the Series A Participating  Preferred Stock as provided
herein are in arrears, thereafter and until all accrued and unpaid dividends and
distributions,  whether  or not  declared,  on shares of Series A  Participating
Preferred Stock  outstanding shall have been paid in full, the Corporation shall
not (i) declare or pay dividends on, make any other  distributions on, or redeem
or purchase or otherwise  acquire for  consideration any shares of stock ranking
junior (either as to dividends or upon  liquidation,  dissolution or winding up)
to the Series A Participating  Preferred Stock; (ii) declare or pay dividends on
or make any  other  distributions  on any  shares of stock  ranking  on a parity
(either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up) with the
Series A Participating  Preferred  Stock,  except  dividends paid ratably on the
Series  A  Participating  Preferred  Stock  and all such  parity  stock on which
dividends  are payable or in arrears in proportion to the total amounts to which
the holders of all such shares are then  entitled;  (iii)  purchase or otherwise
acquire for consideration any shares of Series A Participating  Preferred Stock,
except in accordance with a purchase offer made in writing or by publication (as
determined  by the Board of  Directors)  to all holders of such shares upon such
terms as the Board of  Directors,  after  consideration  of the annual  dividend
rates and other rights and  preferences of the series,  shall  determine in good
faith will result in fair and equitable treatment to the holders of such series.

                  (b) The  Corporation  shall not permit any  subsidiary  of the
Corporation  to purchase or otherwise  acquire for  consideration  any shares of
stock of the Corporation  unless the Corporation  could,  under paragraph (a) of
this subsection,  purchase or otherwise  acquire such shares at such time and in
such manner.

         5. REACQUIRED  SHARES.  Any shares of Series A Participating  Preferred
Stock  purchased  or  otherwise  acquired  by  the  Corporation  in  any  manner
whatsoever shall be retired promptly after the acquisition thereof.

         6. LIQUIDATION, DISSOLUTION OR WINDING UP.

                  (a) Upon any liquidation (voluntary or otherwise), dissolution
or winding up of the Corporation,  no distribution  shall be made to the holders
of shares of stock ranking junior  (either as to dividends or upon  liquidation,
dissolution or winding up) to the Series A Participating Preferred Stock unless,
prior thereto,  the holders of shares of Series A Participating  Preferred Stock
shall have received $5.50 per share,  plus an amount equal to accrued and unpaid
dividends and  distributions  thereon,  whether or not declared,  to the date of
such payment (the "Series A Liquidation Preference").

                                      A-3
<PAGE>
                  (b) In the  event,  however,  that  there  are not  sufficient
assets  available  to  permit  payment  in  full  of the  Series  A  Liquidation
Preference  and the  liquidation  preferences  of all other  series of preferred
stock, if any, which rank on a parity with the Series A Participating  Preferred
Stock then such remaining assets shall be distributed  ratably to the holders of
such parity shares in proportion to their respective liquidation preferences.

         7. NO REDEMPTION.  The shares of Series A Participating Preferred Stock
shall not be redeemable.

         8. RANKING. The Series A Participating Preferred Stock shall rank equal
to all other series of the  Corporation's  Preferred  Stock as to the payment of
dividends and the distribution of assets.

         9.  AMENDMENT.  The  Articles  of  Incorporation,  as  amended,  of the
Corporation  shall not be further  amended in any manner which would  materially
alter or change  the  powers,  preferences  or  special  rights of the  Series A
Participating  Preferred  Stock  so as to  affect  them  adversely  without  the
affirmative  vote of the holders of two-thirds  (2/3) or more of the outstanding
shares of the Series A Participating  Preferred  Stock,  voting  separately as a
class.

         10. FRACTIONAL  SHARES.  Series A Participating  Preferred Stock may be
issued in fractions of a share which shall entitle the holder,  in proportion to
such holder's  fractional shares, to exercise voting rights,  receive dividends,
participate  in  distributions  and to have the  benefit of all other  rights of
holders of Series A Participating Preferred Stock.

                                      A-4
<PAGE>
                                    EXHIBIT B

                          [FORM OF RIGHTS CERTIFICATE]

Certificate No. R-  ________Rights

         NOT  EXERCISABLE  AFTER MAY 16,  2009 OR  EARLIER  IF  REDEEMED  BY THE
         COMPANY.  THE RIGHTS ARE  SUBJECT TO  REDEMPTION,  AT THE OPTION OF THE
         COMPANY,  AT $.01  PER  RIGHT ON THE  TERMS  SET  FORTH  IN THE  RIGHTS
         AGREEMENT. UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES, RIGHTS BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY AN
         ACQUIRING PERSON (AS SUCH TERM IS DEFINED IN THE RIGHTS  AGREEMENT) AND
         ANY  SUBSEQUENT  HOLDER OF SUCH RIGHTS MAY BECOME  NULL AND VOID.  [THE
         RIGHTS  REPRESENTED BY THIS RIGHTS CERTIFICATE ARE OR WERE BENEFICIALLY
         OWNED BY A PERSON WHO WAS OR BECAME AN ACQUIRING PERSON OR AN AFFILIATE
         OR ASSOCIATE  OF AN ACQUIRING  PERSON (AS SUCH TERMS ARE DEFINED IN THE
         RIGHTS AGREEMENT).  ACCORDINGLY, THIS RIGHTS CERTIFICATE AND THE RIGHTS
         REPRESENTED  HEREBY  MAY  BECOME  NULL  AND  VOID IN THE  CIRCUMSTANCES
         SPECIFIED IN SECTION 7(e) OF SUCH AGREEMENT.1]

                               RIGHTS CERTIFICATE

                              AMTECH SYSTEMS, INC.

         This certifies that  ________________ , or registered  assigns,  is the
registered owner of the number of Rights set forth above, each of which entitles
the owner thereof, subject to the terms, provisions and conditions of the Rights
Agreement,  dated as of May 17, 1999 (the "Rights  Agreement"),  between  Amtech
Systems,  Inc., an Arizona corporation (the "Company"),  and American Securities
Transfer & Trust, Inc. (the "Rights Agent"), to purchase from the Company at any
time prior to 5:00 P.M. (Phoenix, Arizona time) on May 16, 2009 at the office or
offices of the Rights Agent  designated  for such purpose,  or its successors as
Rights Agent, one one-hundredth of a fully paid, nonassessable share of Series A
Participating  Preferred  Stock (the  "Preferred  Stock") of the  Company,  at a
purchase price of $8.50 per one one-hundredth of a share (the "Purchase Price"),
upon  presentation  and  surrender of this Rights  Certificate  with the Form of
Election to Purchase and related  Certificate duly executed.  The Purchase Price
shall be paid, at the election of the holder,  in cash or shares of Common Stock
of the Company  having an equivalent  value.  The number of Rights  evidenced by
this Rights  Certificate  (and the number of shares which may be purchased  upon
exercise  thereof) set forth above,  and the Purchase  Price per share set forth
above,  are the  number  and  Purchase  Price  as of May 17,  1999  based on the
Preferred  Stock as constituted at such date. Upon the occurrence of the Section
11(a)(ii) Event (as such term is defined in the Rights Agreement), if the Rights
evidenced by this Rights  Certificate are beneficially owned by (i) an Acquiring
Person or an Affiliate or Associate of any such Acquiring  Person (as such terms
are defined in the Rights  Agreement),  (ii) a transferee of any such  Acquiring

- ----------
    1 The  portion  of  the  legend  in  brackets  shall  be  inserted  only  if
applicable.

                                      B-1
<PAGE>
Person,  Associate or Affiliate,  or (iii) under certain circumstances specified
in the Rights  Agreement,  a transferee  of a person who,  after such  transfer,
became an Acquiring Person, or an Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person,
such Rights shall become null and void and no holder hereof shall have any right
with  respect  to such  Rights  from and after  the  occurrence  of the  Section
11(a)(ii) Event.

         As provided in the Rights Agreement,  the Purchase Price and the number
and  kind of  shares  of  Preferred  Stock  or other  securities,  which  may be
purchased upon the exercise of the Rights  evidenced by this Rights  Certificate
are subject to modification and adjustment upon the happening of certain events,
including  Triggering  Events.  This Rights Certificate is subject to all of the
terms,  provisions  and  conditions  of  the  Rights  Agreement,   which  terms,
provisions and conditions are hereby incorporated herein by reference and made a
part hereof and to which  Rights  Agreement  reference is hereby made for a full
description  of the  rights,  limitations  of  rights,  obligations,  duties and
immunities  hereunder of the Rights Agent,  which  limitations of rights include
the temporary suspension of the exercisability of such Rights under the specific
circumstances set forth in the Rights Agreement.

         Copies  of the  Rights  Agreement  are on file  at the  above-mentioned
office of the Rights Agent and are also  available  upon written  request to the
Rights   Agent.   This  Rights   Certificate,   with  or  without  other  Rights
Certificates,  upon  surrender at the principal  office or offices of the Rights
Agent  designated  for  such  purpose,  may  be  exchanged  for  another  Rights
Certificate  or Rights  Certificates  of like tenor and date  evidencing  Rights
entitling the holder to purchase a like aggregate  number of one  one-hundredths
of a share of Preferred Stock as the Rights evidenced by the Rights  Certificate
or Rights Certificates  surrendered shall have entitled such holder to purchase.
If this Rights  Certificate  shall be  exercised  in part,  the holder  shall be
entitled to receive upon surrender  hereof another Rights  Certificate or Rights
Certificates for the number of whole Rights not exercised.

         Subject to the provisions of the Rights Agreement, the Rights evidenced
by this Certificate may be redeemed by the Company at its option at a redemption
price  of $.01  per  Right at any time  prior  to the  earlier  of the  close of
business on (i) the tenth business day following the Stock  Acquisition Date (as
such time period may be extended pursuant to the Rights Agreement), and (ii) the
Final Expiration Date. The Company is not required to issue fractional shares of
Preferred Stock upon the exercise of any Right or Rights evidenced hereby (other
than fractions which are integral  multiples of one  one-hundredth of a share of
Preferred  Stock,  which may, at the  election of the  Company,  be evidenced by
depositary  receipts),  but in lieu  thereof  a cash  payment  may be  made,  as
provided in the Rights Agreement.  No holder of this Rights Certificate shall be
entitled to vote or receive dividends or be deemed for any purpose the holder of
shares of Preferred Stock or of any other securities of the Company which may at
any time be issuable on the exercise hereof, nor shall anything contained in the
Rights  Agreement or herein be construed  to confer upon the holder  hereof,  as
such, any of the rights of a shareholder of the Company or any right to vote for
the election of directors or upon any matter  submitted to  shareholders  at any
meeting thereof,  or to give or withhold consent to any corporate action, or, to
receive notice of meetings or other actions  affecting  shareholders  (except as
provided  in the Rights  Agreement),  or to receive  dividends  or  subscription
rights,  or  otherwise,  until  the  Right or Rights  evidenced  by this  Rights
Certificate shall have been exercised as provided in the Rights Agreement.

                                      B-2
<PAGE>
         This  Rights  Certificate  shall  not be  valid or  obligatory  for any
purpose until it shall have been countersigned by the Rights Agent.

         WITNESS,  the facsimile signature of the proper officers of the Company
and its corporate seal.

Dated:
      ------------------------

                                    Signature
                                              ----------------------------------
Signature Guaranteed:

                                      B-3
<PAGE>
                                   CERTIFICATE

         The  undersigned  hereby  certifies by checking the  appropriate  boxes
that:

         (1) This Rights Certificate [ ] is [ ] is not being sold,  assigned and
transferred by or on behalf of a Person who is or was an Acquiring  Person or an
Affiliate or Associate of any such  Acquiring  Person (as such terms are defined
pursuant to the Rights Agreement); and

         (2) After due inquiry and to the best knowledge of the undersigned,  it
[ ] did [ ] did not acquire the Rights evidenced by this Rights Certificate from
any  Person  who is,  was or  subsequently  became  an  Acquiring  Person  or an
Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person.


Dated:
      ------------------------

                                    Signature
                                              ----------------------------------
Signature Guaranteed:


                                      B-4
<PAGE>
                  [FORM OF REVERSE SIDE OF RIGHTS CERTIFICATE]

                               FORM OF ASSIGNMENT

(To be executed by the registered  holder if such holder desires to transfer the
Rights Certificate.)

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, _________________________________, hereby sells, assigns and
transfers  unto  ________________________________________________  (Please print
name and address of  transferee),  this Rights  Certificate,  together  with all
right, title and interest therein,  and does hereby  irrevocably  constitute and
appoint _________________ Attorney, to transfer the within Rights Certificate on
the books of the within-named Company, with full power of substitution.

Dated:
      ------------------------

                                    Signature
                                              ----------------------------------
Signature Guaranteed:



                                      B-5
<PAGE>
                                     NOTICE

         The  signature  to  the  foregoing   Assignment  and  Certificate  must
correspond  to the name as written upon the face of this Rights  Certificate  in
every particular, without alteration or enlargement or any change whatsoever.





                                      B-6
<PAGE>
                          FORM OF ELECTION TO PURCHASE

         (To be executed if holder desires to exercise Rights represented by the
Rights Certificate.)

To:      Amtech Systems, Inc.

         The undersigned hereby irrevocably elects to exercise __________ Rights
represented by this Rights Certificate to purchase the shares of Preferred Stock
issuable  upon the  exercise  of the  Rights (or such  other  securities  of the
Company or of any other  person  which may be issuable  upon the exercise of the
Rights) and requests that  certificates for such shares be issued in the name of
and delivered to:

                  --------------------------
(Please insert social security or other identifying number)

                  ---------------------------

                  ---------------------------

                  ---------------------------
                  (Please print name and address)

         If such number of Rights shall not be all the Rights  evidenced by this
Rights  Certificate,  a new Rights  Certificate  for the  balance of such Rights
shall be registered in the name of and delivered to:

                  --------------------------
(Please insert social security or other identifying number)

                  ---------------------------

                  ---------------------------

                  ---------------------------
                  (Please print name and address)


Dated:
      ------------------------

                                    Signature
                                              ----------------------------------
Signature Guaranteed:

                                      B-7
<PAGE>
                                    EXHIBIT C

                  SUMMARY OF RIGHTS TO PURCHASE PREFERRED STOCK

         On May 17, 1999,  the Board of Directors of Amtech  Systems,  Inc. (the
"Company")  declared  a  dividend  distribution  of one Right for each  share of
Company Common Stock to  shareholders of record at the close of business on June
9, 1999. Each Right entitles the registered  holder to purchase from the Company
one  one-hundredth of a share of Series A Participating  Preferred Stock, no par
value  (the  "Preferred   Stock"),   at  a  Purchase  Price  of  $8.50  per  one
one-hundredth  of a share,  subject to adjustment.  The description and terms of
the  Rights  are set forth in the  Rights  Agreement  (the  "Rights  Agreement")
between the Company and American  Securities  Transfer & Trust,  Inc., as Rights
Agent.

         Initially, the Rights will be attached to all Common Stock certificates
representing  shares then outstanding,  and no separate Rights Certificates will
be  distributed.   The  Rights  will  separate  from  the  Common  Stock  and  a
"Distribution  Date"  will  occur  upon  the  earlier  of (i) 10  business  days
following  a public  announcement  that a  person  or  group  of  affiliated  or
associated persons (an "Acquiring  Person") has acquired,  or obtained the right
to acquire,  beneficial  ownership of 15% or more of the  outstanding  shares of
Common Stock (the "Stock  Acquisition  Date"), or (ii) 10 business days (or such
later date as the Board of Directors shall determine) following the commencement
of a tender  offer or  exchange  offer  that  would  result in a person or group
beneficially  owning  15% or more of such  outstanding  shares of Common  Stock.
Until the  Distribution  Date,  (i) the Rights will be  evidenced  by the Common
Stock  certificates and will be transferred with and only with such Common Stock
certificates,  (ii) new Common Stock certificates issued after June 9, 1999 will
contain a notation  incorporating  the Rights Agreement by reference,  and (iii)
the surrender for transfer of any certificates for Common Stock outstanding will
also  constitute  the  transfer of the Rights  associated  with the Common Stock
represented by such certificates.  Pursuant to the Rights Agreement, the Company
reserves the right to require prior to the occurrence of a Triggering  Event (as
defined  below)  that,  upon any  exercise  of  Rights,  a number  of  Rights be
exercised so that only whole shares of Preferred Stock will be issued.

         The Rights are not  exercisable  until the  Distribution  Date and will
expire at the close of business on May 16, 2009,  unless earlier redeemed by the
Company as described below.

         As soon as practicable after the Distribution Date, Rights Certificates
will be mailed to  holders  of  record  of the  Common  Stock as of the close of
business  on  the  Distribution  Date  and,  thereafter,   the  separate  Rights
Certificates alone will represent the Rights.  Except as otherwise determined by
the Board of  Directors,  only shares of Common Stock  outstanding  prior to the
Distribution Date will be issued with Rights.

         In the event that an Acquiring  Person becomes the beneficial  owner of
15% or  more of the  then  outstanding  shares  of  Common  Stock  (unless  such
acquisition is made pursuant to a tender or exchange  offer for all  outstanding
shares of the Company, upon terms and conditions determined by a majority of the
Board  of  Directors  to be in  the  best  interests  of  the  Company  and  its
shareholders  (a "Qualifying  Offer")),  each holder of a Right will  thereafter
have  the  right to  receive,  upon  exercise,  Common  Stock  (or,  in  certain
circumstances,  cash,  property or other  securities of the  Company),  having a

                                      C-1
<PAGE>
value equal to two times the Exercise Price of the Right.  The Exercise Price is
the Purchase  Price times the number of shares of Common Stock  associated  with
each Right (initially, one). Notwithstanding any of the foregoing, following the
occurrence  of the event set forth in this  paragraph,  all Rights  that are, or
(under  certain   circumstances   specified  in  the  Rights   Agreement)  were,
beneficially owned by any Acquiring Person will be null and void.

         For  example,  at an  exercise  price of $50 per Right,  each Right not
owned by an  Acquiring  Person (or by certain  related  parties or  transferees)
following  the event set forth in the  preceding  paragraph  would  entitle  its
holder to purchase $100 worth of Common Stock (or other consideration,  as noted
above) for $50.  Assuming  that the Common Stock had a per share market price of
$10 at such time,  the holder of each valid  Right would be entitled to purchase
10 shares of Common Stock for $50. [($50.00 x 1 Right) / ($10.00 / 50%) = $50.00
/ $5.00 = 10]

         In the event that at any time following the Stock Acquisition Date, (i)
the Company is acquired in a merger or business combination transaction in which
the Company is not the surviving  corporation  (other than a merger  consummated
pursuant to a Qualifying Offer);  (ii) the Company is the surviving  corporation
in a  consolidation  or merger  pursuant to which all or part of the outstanding
shares of Common Stock are changed or exchanged for stock or other securities of
any other  person or cash or any other  property;  or (iii) more than 50% of the
combined assets or earning power is sold or transferred (in each case other than
certain  consolidations  with,  mergers  with and  into,  or sales of  assets or
earning  power by or to  subsidiaries  of the Company as specified in the Rights
Agreement),  each holder of a Right (except  Rights which have  previously  been
voided as set forth  above)  shall  thereafter  have the right to receive,  upon
exercise thereof,  Common Stock of the acquiring company having a value equal to
two  times  the  Exercise  Price of the  Right.  The  events  described  in this
paragraph  and  in  the  second  preceding  paragraph  are  referred  to as  the
"Triggering Events."

         The Purchase  Price  payable,  the number and kind of shares covered by
each Right and the number of Rights  outstanding  are subject to adjustment from
time to time to prevent  dilution (i) in the event of a stock  dividend on, or a
subdivision,  combination or  reclassification  of, the Preferred Stock, (ii) if
holders  of the  Preferred  Stock are  granted  certain  rights or  warrants  to
subscribe for Preferred Stock or securities  convertible into Preferred Stock at
less than the current  market price of the  Preferred  Stock,  or (iii) upon the
distribution  to holders of the  Preferred  Stock of evidences of  indebtedness,
cash (excluding regular quarterly cash dividends),  assets (other than dividends
payable in Preferred  Stock) or of  subscription  rights or warrants (other than
those referred to in (ii) immediately above).

         With certain  exceptions,  no adjustments in the Purchase Price will be
required  until  cumulative  adjustments  amount to at least 1% of the  Purchase
Price. No fractional  shares of Preferred Stock are required to be issued (other
than fractions which are integral  multiples of one  one-hundredth of a share of
Preferred  Stock) and, in lieu  thereof,  the Company may make an  adjustment in
cash based on the market price of the  Preferred  Stock on the last trading date
prior to the date of exercise.

         At any time until ten business  days  following  the Stock  Acquisition
Date, the Company may redeem the Rights in whole, but not in part, at a price of
$0.01 per Right (payable in cash, shares of Common Stock or other  consideration

                                      C-2
<PAGE>
deemed  appropriate by the Board of Directors).  Immediately  upon the action of
the Board of  Directors  ordering  redemption  of the  Rights,  the Rights  will
terminate  and the only right of the  holders of Rights  will be to receive  the
$.01 redemption price.

         The term  "Director"  means any member of the Board of Directors of the
Company who was a member of the Board prior to the date of the Rights Agreement,
and any  person  who is  subsequently  elected  to the  Board if such  person is
recommended or approved by a majority of the Directors, but shall not include an
Acquiring  Person,  or an affiliate or associate of an Acquiring  Person, or any
representative of the foregoing entities.

         Until a Right is exercised,  the holder thereof,  as such, will have no
rights as a shareholder of the Company, including, without limitation, the right
to vote or to receive  dividends.  While the distribution of the Rights will not
be taxable to shareholders or to the Company,  shareholders may,  depending upon
the circumstances,  recognize taxable income in the event that the Rights become
exercisable  for Common  Stock (or other  consideration)  of the  Company as set
forth above or in the event that the Rights are redeemed.

         Other than those provisions relating to the principal economic terms of
the Rights,  any of the provisions of the Rights Agreement may be amended by the
Board of  Directors of the Company  prior to the  Distribution  Date.  After the
Distribution  Date, the provisions of the Rights Agreement may be amended by the
Board in order to cure any  ambiguity,  to make changes  which do not  adversely
affect the  interests  of holders of Rights or to shorten or  lengthen  any time
period  under the Rights  Agreement;  PROVIDED,  HOWEVER,  that no  amendment to
adjust the time period  governing  redemption  shall be made at such time as the
Rights are not redeemable.  Under certain circumstances,  the Board of Directors
may amend the Rights  Agreement  to increase  the  Purchase  Price or extend the
Final Expiration Date.

         A copy of the Rights  Agreement is being filed with the  Securities and
Exchange  Commission  as an Exhibit to a  Registration  Statement on Form 8-A. A
copy of the Rights  Agreement is available free of charge from the Rights Agent.
This  summary  description  of the Rights does not purport to be complete and is
qualified  in its  entirety  by  reference  to the  Rights  Agreement,  which is
incorporated herein by reference.


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