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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
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Form 10-K
Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997
Commission File Number 0-15313
BIO-TECHNOLOGY GENERAL CORP.
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(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 13-3033811
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(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) Identification Number)
70 Wood Avenue South, Iselin, New Jersey 08830
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(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (732) 632-8800
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Common Stock, $.01 par value
(Title of class)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Warrants to Purchase Shares of Common Stock, par value $.01 per share,
at a purchase price of $5.49 per Share
Warrants to Purchase Shares of Common Stock, par value $.01 per share,
at a purchase price of $4.92 per Share
Warrants to Purchase Shares of Common Stock, par value $.01 per share,
at a purchase price of $9.84 per Share
(Title of each class)
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was
required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days.
YES |X| NO | |
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405
of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. [ ]
Aggregate market value of the Registrant's Common Stock held by non-affiliates
at March 16, 1998 (based on the closing sale price for such shares as reported
by the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System):
$410,047,671. Common Stock outstanding as of March 16, 1998: 47,382,377 shares.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:
Portions of the Registrant's definitive proxy statement for its 1998 annual
meeting of stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this
report.
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PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
GENERAL OVERVIEW
The Company is engaged in the research, development, manufacture and
marketing of biopharmaceutical products. Through a combination of internal
research and development, acquisitions, collaborative relationships and
licensing arrangements, BTG has developed a portfolio of therapeutic products,
including five products that have received regulatory approval for sale, of
which four are currently being marketed, four products that are in clinical
trials and three products that are in pre-clinical development. The Company
distributes its products on a worldwide basis through a direct sales force in
the United States and primarily through third-party license and distribution
relationships elsewhere. The Company seeks both broad markets for its products
as well as specialized markets where it can seek Orphan Drug status and
potential marketing exclusivity.
The Company's approved products include Oxandrin(R) (oxandrolone) for the
treatment of weight loss due to severe trauma, chronic infection, extensive
surgery or unknown pathophysiology, which is primarily marketed in the United
States and which to date has been primarily used to treat weight loss in AIDS
patients; Bio-Tropin(TM) (human growth hormone), which is currently being
marketed in Japan and in several countries in Europe, Latin America and the Far
East for the treatment of growth hormone deficiency in children; BioLon(TM)
(sodium hyaluronate), which is currently marketed in several countries in North
and Latin America, Europe, Asia, Africa and the Far East for the protection of
the corneal endothelium during ophthalmic implant surgery; Delatestryl(R)
(injectable testosterone), which is currently marketed in the United States for
hypogonadism and delayed puberty; and Silkis(R), a vitamin D derivative, which
is currently approved in two European countries for the topical treatment of
recalcitrant psoriasis.
The Company's principal products in registration, advanced stages of
development and clinical testing include a higher dosage formulation of Oxandrin
for the treatment of AIDS cachexia; Oxandrin for the treatment of malnutrition
in persons suffering from alcoholic hepatitis; Androtab-SL(TM) (sublingual
testosterone) for the treatment of hypogonadism; Bio-Hep-B(TM), a third
generation vaccine against hepatitis B virus; OxSODrol(TM) (human superoxide
dismutase) for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants;
and Fibrimage(TM), a clot-imaging agent. BTG's current pre-clinical research
focus is on cardiovascular drugs, principally Factorex(TM), an anti-coagulant,
as well as recombinant insulin.
The Company was founded in 1980 to develop, manufacture and market novel
therapeutic products. The Company's overall administration, licensing, human
clinical studies, marketing activities, quality assurance and regulatory affairs
are primarily coordinated at the Company's headquarters in Iselin, New Jersey.
Pre-clinical studies, research and development activities and manufacturing of
the Company's biotechnology derived products are primarily carried out through
Bio-Technology General (Israel) Ltd. ("BTG-Israel"), the Company's wholly-owned
subsidiary in Rehovot, Israel.
PRODUCTS AND APPLICATIONS
The Company's products under commercialization are currently being marketed
by third parties, with the exception of Oxandrin and Delatestryl, which the
Company is marketing on its own in the United States. In addition, the Company
is marketing its Bio-Tropin and
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BioLon products on its own in Israel. The following table sets forth information
regarding the Company's principal products:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRODUCT Indication/Application Status
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PRODUCTS UNDER
COMMERCIALIZATION:
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<S> <C> <C>
OXANDRIN Involuntary weight loss Commercial sales
(oxandrolone) (United States, Australia &
Scandinavia)
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BIO-TROPIN Growth hormone deficiency in Commercial sales
(human growth hormone) children (Japan, Europe and various
other countries)
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BIOLON Injectable viscous solution for Commercial sales (various
(sodium hyaluronate) ophthalmic procedures countries)
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DELATESTRYL Hypogonadism Commercial sales (United States)
(injectable testosterone)
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SILKIS Anti-psoriasis/contact dermatitis Approved for sale (Netherlands
(vitamin D derivative) agent/other skin disorders and Switzerland)
PRODUCTS IN REGISTRATION AND CLINICAL TRIALS:
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BIO-HEP-B Hepatitis-B vaccine NDA filed in Israel 1997
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ANDROTAB-SL Hypogonadism Phase III clinical trials
(sublingual testosterone supplement)
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OXANDRIN-OTHER INDICATIONS AIDS wasting syndrome (increased Phase III clinical trials
dosage formulation);
Alcoholic hepatitis
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OXSODROL Bronchopulmonary dysplasia in Phase III clinical trials
(human superoxide dismutase) premature infants
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FIBRIMAGE Diagnostic for blood clots Phase I clinical trials (Canada)
(thrombus-imaging agent)
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ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE Reduced pregnancy risk NDA filed in U.S. 1997
DOSING REGIMEN
PRODUCTS IN LABORATORY AND PRE-CLINICAL RESEARCH:
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FACTOREX Anti-coagulant Pre-clinical development
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INSULIN Diabetes Pre-clinical development
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</TABLE>
Oxandrin (oxandrolone)
The Company's oxandrolone product, trademarked Oxandrin, is an oral
anabolic agent that is an analogue of testosterone and is used to promote weight
gain. There is growing recognition in the medical community that interventional
management of disease- related weight loss (cachexia) is an extremely important
facet of patient care. Involuntary weight loss
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is associated with a relatively wide range of clinical conditions which, unless
monitored and carefully managed, can lead to a delay in recovery and a rapid
escalation in the incidence of infection, morbidity and ultimately death.
Published studies indicate that the loss of only 10% (the clinical definition of
cachexia) of an individual's lean body mass (i.e., muscle) is associated with a
20% increase in mortality. At 35% weight loss there is a 100% death rate.
Additionally, weight loss may lead to increased intensive care and longer
recovery and rehabilitation periods, thereby increasing the cost of treating the
underlying disease. The Company estimates the incidence of involuntary weight
loss in the United States exceeds several million persons each year.
The causes of involuntary weight loss suffered by persons with a wide
variety of chronic and acute diseases are believed to be the result of a number
of factors, with inadequate nutrient intake and an altered metabolic state
playing central roles. Malnutrition, the pathophysiology of which is frequently
unknown, is the one condition common to all weight loss disorders, regardless of
etiology. It is generally accepted that anabolic agents promote protein
synthesis, which enhance the building of lean body mass and ultimately weight
gain. However, because natural androgens, such as testosterone, also possess
androgenic or virilizing properties, which are considered undesirable side-
effects in the treatment of weight loss, particularly in women, potent anabolic
and weak androgenic effects are preferable drug properties for the treatment of
this condition. Clinical trials have shown that Oxandrin is an effective
adjunctive therapy to promote weight gain in a variety of pathophysiologic
conditions with a low potential for androgenic activity. Unlike many other
anabolic steroids, Oxandrin appears to undergo less overall metabolic
transformation in the liver, which the Company believes offers a safety
advantage over other androgenic/anabolic alternatives that are fully metabolized
in the liver and have the potential to cause liver toxicity. Unlike appetite
enhancers currently being used to treat weight loss, studies indicate that
Oxandrin promotes weight gain primarily through the building of lean body mass
rather than fat and water. The Company also believes Oxandrin is preferable to
human growth hormone for treatment of weight loss because of the ease of
administration of Oxandrin (oral versus injectable) and its lower cost. The
Company believes that Oxandrin is the only United States Food and Drug
Administration ("FDA") approved oral anabolic agent to promote weight gain
without deleterious side effects.
In 1964, the FDA approved Oxandrin for weight gain following weight loss
due to severe trauma, chronic infection or extensive surgery and for patients
who, without definite pathophysiologic reasons, fail to gain or to maintain
normal weight. This approval permits the use of Oxandrin to treat all
disease-related weight loss other than starvation. G.D. Searle & Company Limited
("Searle"), which originally developed and obtained FDA approval of Oxandrin and
now licenses Oxandrin to, and manufactures Oxandrin for, the Company, ceased
offering Oxandrin in the 1980s. BTG subsequently obtained the rights to Oxandrin
through BTG's acquisition of Gynex Pharmaceuticals Inc. ("Gynex") in August
1993, based in part on BTG's belief that the combination of human growth hormone
and Oxandrin might be more effective in treating AIDS-related weight loss and
muscle weakness and Turner syndrome, a condition in which girls born with
non-functioning ovaries do not develop secondary sexual characteristics and are
of shorter stature than normal, and might permit the differentiation of BTG's
Bio-Tropin from other human growth hormone products. However, with BTG being
precluded from selling Bio-Tropin in the United States and the medical
community's growing awareness of the importance of combating disease-related
involuntary weight loss, BTG decided to re-launch the product on its own under
the Oxandrin tradename. Sales of Oxandrin commenced in December 1995 in the
United States for all indications under the FDA approval.
Since the Company's launch of Oxandrin in December 1995, a significant
portion of its Oxandrin sales has been for treatment of patients suffering from
AIDS-related weight loss. In order to increase market awareness and acceptance
of Oxandrin for the treatment of other disease-related weight loss conditions
covered by the current FDA approval, BTG is conducting post-approval Phase IV
clinical trials to provide further clinical support for the use of Oxandrin for
such conditions. Phase IV clinical trials currently being conducted at leading
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institutions include studies of: (i) the effect of Oxandrin as an adjunct to
promote weight gain and hasten the rate of skin regrowth and healing in burn
patients and as an adjunct to promote weight gain and hasten healing of
decubitus ulcers in malnourished patients with spinal cord injuries; (ii)
Oxandrin for the promotion of weight gain in patients suffering from weight loss
due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; (iii) Oxandrin for the promotion
of weight gain in malnourished patients with inoperable non-small cell lung
cancer; and (iv) Oxandrin for the promotion of weight gain and shortened
recovery time in patients who have undergone liver transplants. It generally
takes approximately 24 months to establish and conduct a Phase IV clinical trial
and to analyze and publish the results.
Based on the pharmacological actions of Oxandrin, as well as studies and
discussions with experts in the field, the Company believes that Oxandrin used
at a higher dosage level than currently approved may be useful in further
increasing lean body mass, improving the quality of life and possibly increasing
the survival time of AIDS patients by reversing the progressive weight loss
experienced by AIDS patients with AIDS wasting syndrome. According to the U.S.
Centers for Disease Control, progressive weight loss is the third most frequent
cause of death in AIDS patients. The Company is currently conducting Phase III
clinical trials in severe AIDS wasting using a higher dosage formulation than
the marketed product. The Company has received Orphan Drug designation for use
of this higher dosage formulation to treat AIDS wasting and, if approved prior
to any other company receiving FDA approval of oxandrolone to treat AIDS
wasting, BTG will receive seven years of market exclusivity for this indication
and for the new formulation used in this study. The Company believes that the
higher dosage formulation will, if approved, replace its current Oxandrin
product for most treatments.
Alcoholic hepatitis is an acute form of alcohol-induced liver disease
characterized by liver cell death, inflammation, fat accumulation, jaundice and
an enlarged liver. Malnutrition is seen in the vast majority of patients. In
1991, the Department of Veterans Affairs (the "VA") granted the Company access
to, and use of, the results of two major VA clinical trials using the Company's
Oxandrin product in patients with moderate to severe alcoholic hepatitis and
malnutrition. The VA research indicates that Oxandrin reduced the mortality rate
at six months in patients with moderate to severe alcoholic hepatitis and
moderate malnutrition by approximately 50% versus placebo. In February 1994, BTG
voluntarily withdrew its Oxandrin NDA for the alcoholic hepatitis indication
filed in December 1993 based on conversations with the FDA during which the FDA
took the position that the two VA clinical trials which formed the basis of the
NDA submission are not sufficient for approval, but would qualify as one of the
two required studies. The Company has initiated a Phase III clinical trial to
meet FDA requirements, although there can be no assurance that the results of
such trial will demonstrate efficacy. Since there are fewer than 200,000
patients with moderate to severe alcoholic hepatitis and moderate malnutrition,
the FDA has granted Orphan Drug designation for the use of Oxandrin to treat
malnutrition in persons suffering from alcoholic hepatitis. The Company believes
there currently is no approved therapy for these patients.
In January 1994 the Company obtained approval to market oxandrolone for
pediatric growth disorders in Australia. This is the first regulatory approval
for the marketing of oxandrolone for pediatric growth disorders anywhere in the
world. BTG has granted CSL Limited ("CSL") of Australia exclusive marketing
rights for oxandrolone in Australia, New Zealand and the nearby South Pacific
region. CSL commenced sales of oxandrolone in Australia in February 1994 under
the trade name Lonavar(R).
BTG is currently evaluating the opportunity to commercialize Oxandrin in
other countries.
Bio-Tropin (human growth hormone)
Human growth hormone ("hGH") is naturally secreted by the pituitary gland
and controls many physiological functions that are essential for normal
development and
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maturation. A deficiency of hGH results in diminished growth and, in extreme
cases, dwarfism. The Company estimates that current annual worldwide sales of
hGH for the treatment of growth hormone deficiency are approximately $1.5
billion. Geographic distribution of worldwide sales of human growth hormone is
estimated by the Company to be approximately 30% in North America and 25% in
Europe, with the balance in Japan and other countries.
The Company's scientists first produced hGH by recombinant DNA methods in
the early 1980s. As a result of a seven-year Orphan Drug status exclusivity
period granted to a competitor, followed by extensive patent litigation with
another competitor, the Company has to date been precluded from marketing
Bio-Tropin in the United States, despite the fact that the FDA approved
Bio-Tropin for marketing in the United States in May 1995. The Company's human
growth hormone is currently being marketed by third parties in Japan and several
European and Latin American countries and by the Company in Israel. See "Sales
and Distribution" and "Item 3. Legal Proceedings."
In April 1993, JCR, BTG's marketing partner in Japan, received regulatory
approval for hGH for the treatment of hGH for short stature, and began marketing
hGH in June 1993. JCR has also completed a clinical trial to test the efficacy
of the Company's hGH in treating Turner syndrome, a condition in which girls
born with non-functioning ovaries do not develop secondary sexual
characteristics and are of shorter stature than normal, and filed for regulatory
approval in January 1994. In January 1995, the Company granted JCR exclusive
distribution rights in The People's Republic of China for all hGH- related
pharmaceutical indications. In January 1998, JCR signed an agreement memorandum
with Sumitomo Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. ("Sumitomo") to enter into a marketing
alliance for the marketing of hGH in Japan. Under the terms of the agreement
memorandum, JCR will supply Sumitomo with BTG's hGH and Sumitomo will commence
distribution in Japan in January 1999, following termination of its current
agreement to distribute Pharmacia Upjohn Co., Ltd.'s recombinant human growth
hormone, Genotropin(TM), at the end of 1998. Upon termination of Pharmacia
Upjohn's agreement with Sumitomo, Pharmacia Upjohn intends to market Genotropin
in Japan on its own.
In November 1992, the Company entered into an exclusive distribution
agreement with the Ferring Group ("Ferring") for the marketing of the Company's
human growth hormone for the enhancement of growth and stature in growth hormone
deficient children in Europe and the countries comprising the former Soviet
Union. Sales began during the fourth quarter of 1994 and the Company's hGH is
now approved in 17 countries in Ferring's territory.
The Company received approval for hGH from the Israel Ministry of Health in
April 1988 and began direct marketing in Israel under the Bio-Tropin trademark
in October 1988. In July 1992, Bio-Tropin was approved by the Israel Ministry of
Health for the treatment of a second indication, Turner syndrome.
The Company's human growth hormone is also being sold by third-party
distributors in Mexico, Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, Singapore and South Korea.
The product was approved in Canada and Cyprus in 1997 and in Colombia in 1998.
In addition, regulatory approval to market BTG's human growth hormone is pending
in several Latin American countries, South Africa and several Pacific Rim
countries.
The Company's human growth hormone product is currently being marketed by
Ferring in Europe and JCR in Japan in conjunction with a needleless delivery
device. Most of the Company's other third-party distributors are expected to
utilize this delivery device as well. BTG has licensed exclusive rights to this
delivery device in the United States for use with the Company's hGH.
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BioLon (sodium hyaluronate)
Sodium hyaluronate is a high-viscosity, gel-like fluid. The Company has
developed a sodium hyaluronate-based product, trademarked BioLon, for use in
ophthalmic surgery procedures such as cataract and intraocular lens
implantation. BioLon is a syringe filled with a 1% sodium hyaluronate solution
that facilitates such surgery by acting as a highly viscous lubricant allowing
for surgical manipulation of the ocular tissues.
Product sales of BioLon commenced in early 1993 and BioLon is currently
approved for sale in more than 30 countries. In June 1995, BioLon was approved
as a medical device by mdc, a notified body of the European Economic Community.
As a result, a CE mark granted to the product and appearing on the product box
allows the Company's partners to freely market BioLon throughout Europe. A
Pre-Marketing Approval ("PMA") application for BioLon was submitted to the FDA
in May 1996. In February 1998, the Company received an approvable letter from
the FDA pending an FDA inspection of a contracted facility that is responsible
for final sterilization of the syringe used to administer BioLon and submission
to the FDA of final printed labeling. Commercialization of the product in the
United States was previously precluded by a patent licensed to Pharmacia AB,
which expired in February 1996. See "--Sales and Distribution."
The Company has completed the development of a second-generation product,
BioLon Prime(TM), having a higher viscosity than BioLon. This product was
granted a CE mark in June 1997 and approval in Israel is expected in 1998,
although there can be no assurance approval will be received in this time frame
or at all.
Delatestryl (testosterone enanthate)
Delatestryl is the Company's injectable generic testosterone product
currently used to treat men with hypogonadism (testosterone deficiency), a
condition associated with reduced libido, insufficient muscle development and
bone loss. The Company believes approximately 200,000 to 400,000 men in the
United States suffer from this condition. The product is also prescribed for
delayed puberty, which BTG believes is a treatable condition in approximately
30,000 boys in the United States. The Company acquired the approved NDA and
trademark from Bristol-Myers Squibb Company ("Bristol"), which manufactures
Delatestryl for BTG, and BTG pays Bristol a fee based on its sales of
Delatestryl. The Company began the sale and distribution of Delatestryl, which
was acquired in the Gynex acquisition, in mid-1992. See "--Risk
Factors--Dependence on Third-Party Suppliers."
Silkis (vitamin D derivative)
The Company has obtained an exclusive license to patents covering the
composition and use of certain vitamin D derivatives in the topical treatment of
psoriasis, dermatitis and other skin disorders. Patents have issued in the
United States, Israel and in major countries in Europe, including Great Britain.
The British patent has also been extended to Singapore and Hong Kong. In March
1996, the Company sublicensed exclusive rights under the patents in the United
States to Galderma S.A. ("Galderma"). Galderma has agreed to pay license fees
upon the attainment of certain milestones and a royalty on sales in the United
States. The licensee of BTG's rights under the patents for the remainder of the
world sublicensed those rights to Galderma in 1996. The Company is to receive a
royalty on all commercial sales of products containing these vitamin D
derivatives in countries outside the United States in which the vitamin D
derivative patents have issued. Although the product was approved in The
Netherlands and Switzerland in 1995, Galderma has advised the Company that it
intends to submit amendments to the registration to change the formulation prior
to commencing marketing and that it does not expect to begin marketing before
1999.
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Bio-Hep-B (hepatitis-B vaccine)
The Company has genetically engineered a third generation vaccine against
the hepatitis-B virus. The Company's Bio-Hep-B vaccine integrates the S, pre-S1
and pre-S2 surface proteins of the virus. Clinical trials in Israel, the Far
East and Europe in adults, children and neonates have been completed and showed
the vaccine to be safe and highly immunogenic. The Company believes the high
immunogenicity, initial faster rate of response and low manufacturing cost of
its Bio-Hep-B vaccine will provide it with a competitive advantage, particularly
in the less developed countries where hepatitis-B is prevalent. Less developed
countries are generally using the first generation plasma- derived Hepatitis-B
vaccine. The Company believes, however, that these countries desire an
alternative to the plasma-derived vaccine because of fears of viral
transmission, but cannot currently do so because the second generation
recombinant vaccine is too expensive. The Company believes the cost of its
Bio-Hep-B vaccine will be affordable by these less developed countries. In
addition, many of these countries are pursuing hepatitis-B immunization programs
for all newborns in an effort to substantially decrease the incidence of
hepatitis-B.
The Company has completed clinical trials in healthy adults, children and
neonates in order to file for regulatory approval of the product. The Company is
continuing its clinical development by expanding its clinical research program
to include additional target groups focusing on: (i) achievement of immune
response in immunosuppressed individuals, such as dialysis patients; (ii)
non-responders to other commercial vaccines; and (iii) treatment of HBV
carriers. These studies are aimed at establishing the beneficial effect and
advantages of the Company's vaccine.
The Company has licensed marketing rights to Scitech Medical Products, Pte.
Ltd., a Singapore company ("Scitech"), for the commercialization of the
Bio-Hep-B vaccine in certain Pacific Rim territories (excluding Japan) and
certain other countries, including The Peoples Republic of China, Australia, New
Zealand and India. The Company and Scitech have completed clinical trials in
several countries. In December 1997 BTG granted Scitech a license to use the
technical information provided by BTG to establish a manufacturing facility to
manufacture Bio-Hep-B. The manufacturing facility will be in either India, China
or Australia.
In February 1998 the Company entered into development and licensing
agreements with Swiss Serum and Vaccine Institute Berne ("Swiss Serum") with
respect to its Bio-Hep-B in Western Europe, most of Latin America and various
other countries. Swiss Serum will purchase vaccine from the Company for
distribution and the Company will receive milestone payments from Swiss Serum,
as well as royalties on sales of the vaccine.
The Company's ability to commercialize Bio-Hep-B in the near term will
depend on the Company's ability to maintain the compulsory license to
manufacture the Company's vaccine under Biogen, Inc.'s Israeli patent granted to
BTG-Israel by the Israeli Registrar of Patents in September 1995. Biogen is
currently challenging this license grant. See "--Risk Factors--Risk of Pending
Patent Litigation," "--Uncertainty of Protection of Patents and Proprietary
Rights" and "Item 3. Legal Proceedings."
Androtab-SL (sublingual testosterone)
Androtab-SL is the Company's sublingual testosterone product for the
treatment of hypogonadism and constitutional delay of growth and puberty.
Hypogonadism is associated with diminished libido and sexual function,
insufficient muscle development, bone loss and other conditions.
Testosterone for the treatment of hypogonadism and constitutional delay of
growth and puberty is currently administered by deep intramuscular injection,
transdermal patch or orally. It is estimated that only 60,000 to 70,000 men out
of a potential 200,000 to 400,000 who suffer from hypogonadism are currently
being treated. The Company believes this is primarily a
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result of patient and doctor dissatisfaction with existing products. Injections
are painful and may cause mood swings and orally active synthetic androgens have
been reported to be toxic to the liver. The currently available transdermal
patches, which are designed to be worn either on shaven scrotal skin or
alternating sites on the back, hip and abdomen, are reported to cause skin
irritation. The Company believes its sublingual formulation offers distinct
advantages over the competition because it is painless, discreet, non-toxic to
the liver and easy to use.
The Company completed a multicenter Phase III human clinical trial of the
product for the treatment of hypogonadism in 1996. Results indicate that the
Androtab-SL product can effectively deliver native testosterone without reported
adverse effects. The men in the study reported restoration of libido and
potency. The Company's NDA was filed with the FDA in October 1996. In January
1998 the FDA completed its review and found the information submitted inadequate
for approval. The Company and the FDA are in discussions regarding the
development of additional clinical data that will be needed to more fully
establish safety and efficacy of a sublingual regimen.
In 1986, the Company licensed from the United States Department of Commerce
a U.S. patent relating to the sublingual delivery of sex steroids, in which the
drug is absorbed into the bloodstream through the mucosal membrane under the
tongue. Subsequently the Company licensed from the United States Department of
Commerce one claim of a related U.S. patent, which patent is currently the
subject of an interference action. Potential uses of this delivery system
include the treatment of conditions in which testosterone, estradiol (an
estrogen) or progesterone replacement therapy may be necessary. The Company is
currently using such a delivery system for its Androtab-SL sublingual
testosterone product for the treatment of hypogonadism. See "--Patents and
Proprietary Rights."
OxSODrol (human superoxide dismutase)
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia ("BPD") is a chronic lung disease that develops
following treatment with oxygen and mechanical ventilation of premature infants
who experience respiratory distress. The high concentrations of oxygen that
premature babies require are believed to be involved in generating excess oxygen
free-radicals in the lungs, causing permanent lung injury at the cellular level.
In addition, premature babies are deficient in the naturally occurring enzyme,
superoxide dismutase ("SOD"), which neutralizes toxic oxygen free-radicals. Due
to recent medical advances, such as lung surfactant, more premature babies are
surviving; however, this higher survival rate has resulted in an increased
incidence of BPD. There is currently no approved treatment for BPD. The Company
estimates that there are approximately 50,000 premature infants born in the
United States each year who are at risk of developing respiratory distress
syndrome, and that approximately one-third of such infants develop respiratory
distress syndrome.
The Company has developed a process for the manufacture of a fully active
analog of human copper/zinc superoxide dismutase. During 1992, the Company
completed additional BPD-related pre-clinical and toxicological studies
requested by the FDA and in February 1993 received FDA permission to initiate a
Phase I BPD human clinical study, which was completed in December 1993. The
Company completed a Phase I(b) study of the safety of repetitive doses, and on
the basis of this study, a multicenter double blind Phase III clinical efficacy
and safety trial involving 360 patients commenced in January 1997. An
independent Data Safety and Monitoring Committee (the "Committee"), comprised of
three renowned professors of pediatrics and a statistician, announced in
November 1997 that, based on its review of safety data on the first 100 patients
in the trial, it had found no evidence to suggest any significant safety
concerns and recommended continuation of the trial. In early 1998 the Committee,
which did not review efficacy data on the first 100 patients, conducted a second
interim analysis on the first 180 patients to have completed treatment to review
both safety and efficacy data. In February 1998, the Committee informed BTG that
it wished to expand its analysis and include the data collected on all neonates
enrolled in the study through February 1, 1998, a total of approximately 295, in
order to determine if the additional data impact the demonstration of
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safety and efficacy. In addition, the Committee determined that neonates
currently receiving treatment should complete the study as specified in the
trial protocol, but that further enrollment of neonates into the trial be
temporarily suspended. The expanded evaluation is expected to be completed in
the second quarter of 1998, although there can be no assurance that the
evaluation will not take longer.
In January 1995, OxSODrol was licensed to JCR for the treatment of BPD in
Japan and, in August 1997, BTG licensed to Ares Trading S.A. ("Serono")
worldwide distribution rights (excluding the United States, Canada, Israel and
Japan) for OxSODrol for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and other
respiratory indications. See "--Sales and Distribution."
The Company holds a U.S. patent relating to intratracheal delivery of
copper/zinc SOD to protect human lungs from injury due to hyperoxia and
hyperventilation and is the exclusive licensee of a U.S. patent directed to the
DNA encoding copper/zinc SOD. A U.S. patent assigned to the Company which is
directed to a method for producing enzymatically active human copper/zinc SOD in
bacteria is the subject of an interference action with Chiron, which also holds
a U.S. patent for bacterially produced human copper/zinc SOD. An Israeli patent
application assigned to Chiron which relates to copper/zinc SOD is being opposed
by the Company. See "--Risk Factors--Risk of Pending Patent Litigation,"
"--Uncertainty of Protection of Patents and Proprietary Rights" and "Item 3.
Legal Proceedings."
Fibrimage (thrombus-imaging agent)
Fibrimage (formerly called Imagex) is a novel agent for detection of blood
clots (i.e., thrombi) in patients suffering from deep vein thrombosis or
pulmonary embolism. Deep vein thrombosis causes a reduction in the venous blood
flow, changes in the vessel walls and changes in the composition of blood
resulting from the development of thrombi. Pulmonary embolism is the
dislodgement of a piece of thrombus and its relocation via the circulatory
system to the lungs. Fibrimage consists of a genetically engineered portion of
the fibrin binding domain of fibronectin attached to a radiopharmaceutical tag.
Once injected in the patient, it targets and binds to fibrin, a substance that
is essentially present only in blood clots. Company scientists demonstrated the
capacity of the product to bind to thrombi both in vitro and in vivo using rat
and rabbit thrombosis models. The Company, in collaboration with the Frosst
Radiopharmaceuticals Division (the "Division") of Merck Frosst Canada Inc.
("Merck Frosst"), a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., completed a pilot study
outside the United States to test the safety and efficacy of Fibrimage in
humans. In this trial, the specificity and sensitivity of clot detection by the
product in 62 patients suspected to be suffering from deep vein thrombosis was
confirmed. During 1993, the Company was granted a U.S. patent directed to this
imaging agent, the plasmid expressing the fibrin binding domain polypeptide
component and the purified polypeptide itself. During 1995, the Company was
granted a second, related U.S. patent and corresponding patents in Australia and
New Zealand. During 1997, the Company was awarded a third related U.S. patent.
In August 1994, worldwide rights to the polypeptide were licensed to Merck
Frosst for the development and commercialization of a diagnostic imaging agent
for the detection of thromboembolism. Merck Frosst filed an IND with the
Canadian Bureau of Biologics in April 1996. The Division and all rights to
Fibrimage were acquired by DRAXIS Health Inc. in September 1997. DRAXIS
successfully completed a Phase I study of Fibrimage in Canada in December 1997
and is currently preparing a Phase II study.
Oral Contraceptive Dosing Regimen
In 1988, the Company acquired an exclusive license to a patented oral
contraceptive dosing regimen. This new approach to oral contraception is
expected to reduce both the risk of pregnancy, in the event a woman forgets to
take a pill, and the breakthrough bleeding and spotting many women experience
when using conventional low-dose oral contraceptives. The
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market for oral contraceptives in the United States is estimated by BTG to
exceed $1 billion annually.
Organon, Inc. ("Organon"), a subsidiary of AKZO Nobel N.V., has licensed
the Company's patented oral contraceptive dosing regimen and is currently
developing a product using this regimen with the progestogen desogestrel.
Regulatory authorities in Germany and the United Kingdom have declined to
approve Organon's desogestrel product using the oral contraceptive regimen as a
result of reported higher incidents of thromboembolic disease than competing
levonorgestrel oral contraceptive regimens. Nevertheless, Organon continues to
believe that the product has significant advantages over existing oral
contraceptive dosing regimens and, accordingly, it filed an NDA with the FDA in
April 1997. The license agreement with Organon provides for milestone payments
and royalties on sales.
In 1997, the Company licensed the oral contraceptive dosing regimen to
Gynetics Inc. for future use with any one or more progestins other than
desogestrel. The license agreement with Gynetics provides for an upfront license
fee, milestone payments in shares of Gynetics common stock and royalties on
sales.
Factorex (anti-coagulant)
A highly selective protein anti-coagulant, a recombinant Factor Xa
inhibitor trademarked Factorex, is being developed by BTG for cardiovascular
applications. The blood coagulation process is a multi-step, complex cascade of
reactions which ultimately lead to the formation of fibrin as an integral
component of the clot. Factor Xa catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin to
thrombin, which, in turn, converts fibrinogen into fibrin. By inhibiting Factor
Xa and thus blocking the catalytic conversion of prothrombin, Factorex inhibits
formation and deposition of fibrin in clots and permits tighter control of the
thrombic generation than currently available products. The Company believes
that, like other leech-derived peptides, Factorex should have very low
immunogenicity in man, facilitating multiple administration. The product is
manufactured via recombinant DNA technology in E. coli and is biochemically
configured in a proprietary process to its active configuration. It has been
shown to possess Factor Xa inhibitory activity in vitro and in pre-clinical
analysis in animal models. Potential indications include prevention of deep vein
thrombosis and arterial reocclusion and restenosis as well as an adjunct to
thrombolytic agents. Pre-clinical studies have been completed and the Company
has initiated process development of clinical grade material for toxicology
studies. The Company holds an exclusive license to issued U.S. and European
Patent Office patents relating to Factor Xa. Two other patent applications owned
by the Company, which relate to the cloning of the gene for Factorex, its
expression and potential clinical application, are pending in many countries.
Insulin
Insulin is a polypeptide hormone essential for the control of blood glucose
levels which is administered daily to patients suffering from diabetes mellitus,
a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from relative or
absolute insulin deficiency. Biosynthetic recombinant human insulin is currently
manufactured by two processes: in E. coli (Eli Lilly and Company and Hoechst AG)
or in yeast (Novo-Nordisk A/S). BTG has developed a novel, proprietary
expression system and a purification process to efficiently produce recombinant
human insulin in E. coli. Patent applications relating to this process have been
filed in many countries. BTG's insulin is identical to naturally- occurring
human insulin and does not differ from commercially available insulins in terms
of purity or biological activity. In January 1998, BTG entered into a licensing
agreement with IBATECH Sp. zo.o., a Polish corporation ("Ibatech"), covering the
development, production and commercialization of BTG's recombinant human
insulin. Under the agreement, Ibatech and BTG will collaborate in the
development of the know-how for large scale manufacturing of BTG's recombinant
human insulin for the insulin markets in Poland and several other east European
countries. The
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Company will receive certain milestone payments and royalties on sales of the
product in the licensed territories.
SALES AND DISTRIBUTION
The Company markets its products on a direct basis in the United States and
grants exclusive marketing or distribution rights to third parties for sales in
most other countries. The Company established a sales and marketing team in the
United States in the second half of 1995, which it has expanded from nine to 28
persons since the launch of Oxandrin in December 1995. With respect to sales
outside the United States, BTG's current distribution arrangements include
exclusive relationships with JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. for the sale of BTG's
hGH in Japan and The People's Republic of China, the Ferring Group for the sale
of BTG's hGH in Europe and the former Soviet Union, as well as with 9 other
companies, covering more than 30 countries, for the sale of BTG's hGH and 19
companies, covering more than 70 countries, for the sale of BioLon.
Substantially all of the Company's product distribution agreements provide
for the Company's grant of exclusive marketing and distribution rights in one or
more countries in exchange for upfront license payments and exclusive supply
arrangements, pursuant to which the Company supplies product at a price equal to
a percentage of the distributor's net sales price, subject to a minimum price.
The distributor is obligated to obtain all necessary governmental approvals. The
Company is generally obligated to indemnify the distributor for product
liability claims resulting from the failure of supplied product to meet agreed
upon specifications and infringement of third-party patents. See "--Risk
Factors--Dependence on Third-Party Licensees."
BTG has an agreement with Olsten Corporation, a provider of personnel to
business, industry and government, home care services and products for chronic
and acute care, as BTG's exclusive wholesale and retail distributor of BTG's
Oxandrin and Delatestryl products in the United States. Olsten also manages the
patient reimbursement of both products. Sales of Oxandrin in 1995, 1996 and 1997
were primarily to Olsten. See "--Risk Factors--Dependence on Oxandrin."
In 1988 and 1995, respectively, the Company granted exclusive distribution
rights in Japan and The Peoples Republic of China to JCR for all hGH-related
pharmaceutical indications. BTG sells bulk product to JCR at a fixed price. BTG
is obligated to indemnify JCR for all expenses incurred and damages suffered by
JCR as a result of infringement of third-party patents. A substantial portion of
the Company's hGH sales have been to JCR. See "Item 3. Legal Proceedings."
In November 1992, the Company entered into an exclusive distribution
agreement with the Ferring Group for the marketing of the Company's human growth
hormone for the enhancement of growth and stature in growth hormone deficient
children in Europe and the countries comprising the former Soviet Union.
Bio-Tropin is now available in 17 countries in Ferring's territory. BTG sells
finished product to Ferring and receives a percentage of Ferring's net sales.
Ferring has the right to purchase bulk product from BTG and formulate, vial and
package the product if Ferring can obtain all required regulatory approvals. BTG
is obligated to indemnify Ferring for all expenses incurred and damages suffered
by Ferring as a result of infringement of third-party patents.
The Company has concluded agreements for the commercialization and
distribution of BioLon with several companies covering most countries in Europe
and Latin America and several countries in Africa, Asia and the Far East. These
agreements provide for license fees and/or royalties and most require minimum
guaranteed sales in the first years after registration and commencement of
commercialization.
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In December 1996, the Company licensed to Rohto Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.
("Rohto") the right to pursue the commercialization of BioLon in Japan and
certain other Pacific Rim countries. Rohto will pay up front license fees upon
reaching certain milestones, of which $500,000 was paid in 1996, and royalties
on sales of product.
In August 1997, the Company licensed to ARES Trading S.A. ("Serono")
worldwide distribution rights (excluding the United States, Canada, Israel and
Japan) for OxSODrol for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and other
respiratory indications. The agreement provides for milestone payments, which
could total $21 million if OxSODrol is approved by the Commission of the
European Community, of which $3 million was paid upon signing of the agreement
and an additional fee of $3 million will be paid if the Committee allows the
current clinical trial to continue, and royalties on sales. Serono has the right
to terminate the agreement under certain circumstances, including if the
Committee does not continue the current clinical trial. See "--Products and
Applications-- OxSODrol (human superoxide dismutase).
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
The Company conducts research on potential products for which it has
retained future rights for its own account and on behalf of its partners for
which it receives certain current revenues and, if successful, future revenues
in the form of royalties or manufacturing rights. The Company's research and
development organization at February 1, 1998 comprised 67 scientists, associates
and related personnel with expertise in molecular biology, cell biology and
protein chemistry. These individuals have received various undergraduate and
advanced degrees at prestigious universities throughout the world. Twenty hold
Ph.D. or M.D. degrees and several have completed post-doctoral studies under the
direction of internationally renowned scientists in the area of biotechnology.
The Company applies to the Chief Scientist of the State of Israel (the
"Chief Scientist") annually for research and development funding for its various
projects for the coming year. The projects and amount funded each year are
within the sole discretion of the Chief Scientist. There can be no assurance
that the Company will be able to continue to secure additional funds from the
Chief Scientist at the same levels or at all. The Company is obligated, for
products resulting from research and development partially funded by the Chief
Scientist, to pay royalties to the Chief Scientist of 3% to 5% on commercial
sales, if any, of these products if produced in Israel up to the amount so
funded, or royalties of 4% to 6% if produced outside Israel up to 120% to 300%
of the amount so funded. During 1996, the Company completed payment of its
entire obligation for royalties to the Chief Scientist in respect of its human
growth hormone.
MANUFACTURING AND SUPPLY AGREEMENTS
The Company currently operates a GMP certified facility in Israel which
produces its bulk human growth hormone, BioLon, Bio-Hep-B, OxSODrol, Factorex
and insulin products, as well as the genetically-engineered portion of its
Fibrimage product. The Company also operates a modern filling suite for its
BioLon syringes which has undergone inspection by European regulatory
authorities and, based on one of these inspections, European Device Approval (CE
Mark) was granted. Although a substantial portion of the hGH supplied by BTG to
its distributors is in bulk form, BTG also provides distributors with fully
packaged product. For these distributors, the bulk human growth hormone is
formulated, filled and packed in vials by Dr. Madaus GmbH in Germany, which
functions as the Company's subcontractor for these purposes. In addition,
sterilization of the BioLon syringe is performed by Mediplat Israel Ltd., which
functions as the Company's subcontractor for these purposes. The Company
believes that it operates its facilities under, and is in compliance with, the
FDA's good laboratory and manufacturing practices.
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The Company's Oxandrin product is currently being manufactured for BTG on
an exclusive basis by Searle, which originally developed the product. The
agreement with Searle provides that Searle will produce and sell exclusively to
BTG all of BTG's Oxandrin requirements. The agreement requires that BTG purchase
all of its Oxandrin requirements exclusively from Searle through April 1999 and
80% of its requirements for the two-year period thereafter. The agreement
expires in April 2001, subject to earlier termination under certain
circumstances, and may be extended by mutual agreement of the parties. The
agreement provides that Searle will not produce Oxandrin for any other person
prior to April 2006.
In addition to a long term exclusive supply agreement with Searle, BTG has
an alternative exclusive agreement with Societa Prodotti Antibiotici S.p.A.
("SPA") covering, if necessary, the supply of Oxandrin to BTG through at least
the year 2003 for distribution in certain countries where the SPA product is
approved. Currently none of these countries have yet approved the use of the SPA
product. BTG is working with SPA to obtain the necessary approvals. Should
Searle for any reason be unable to supply Oxandrin to BTG prior to SPA obtaining
the necessary approvals, BTG's business, results of operations and financial
condition could be materially adversely affected. See "--Risk
Factors--Dependence on Third-Party Suppliers."
BTG has entered into a manufacturing agreement with ProCyte Corp.,
Kirkland, Washington and Applied Analytical Industries Inc., Wilmington, North
Carolina for the manufacture of Androtab-SL.
Bristol has manufactured Delatestryl for the Company pursuant to an
agreement which expired in December 1997. There can be no assurance that Bristol
will continue to honor the Company's purchase orders or that the Company's
supply requirements will be satisfied. Additionally, the need to find a new
manufacturer could affect the availability of Delatestryl. BTG currently has a
four-year level of inventory of Delatestryl, based on the current sales level.
In February 1995, BTG-Israel was awarded ISO 9002 certification by the
Standards Institution of Israel ("SII"). The certification was issued in respect
of the manufacture, packaging and dispatch of BTG's pharmaceutical products for
human use. ISO 9002 is one of a series of Quality Management System Standards
established by the International Organization for Standardization ("ISO") based
in Geneva, Switzerland. It is equivalent to the European Community Standard EN
29002. SII is a member of an international organization, the International
Quality Certification Network ("IQNet"), that encompasses quality certification
institutes worldwide in a mutual recognition agreement. Receipt of the ISO 9002
certification was a significant milestone in the process of obtaining the BioLon
CE mark. In August 1997, SII awarded BTG-Israel an ISO 14001 certification for
its Environmental Management System. The ISO 14000 series of standards, dealing
with the environment and its protection, are becoming important from both a
regulatory and commercial point of view.
GOVERNMENTAL REGULATION
Regulation by governmental authorities in the United States and other
countries is a significant factor affecting the timing of the commercialization
of the Company's products and its ongoing research and development activities.
The Company's policy is to conduct its research and development activities in
compliance with current United States National Institutes of Health Guidelines
for Research Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules, and with comparable guidelines
in Israel and other countries where the Company may be conducting clinical
trials or other developmental activities. See "--Risk Factors--Effect of
Government Regulation."
Prior to clinically testing, manufacturing and marketing human
pharmaceutical products, approval from the FDA and comparable agencies in
foreign countries must first be
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obtained. The FDA has established mandatory procedures and safety and efficacy
standards that apply to the testing, manufacture and marketing of such products
in the United States. In the United States, these procedures include
pre-clinical studies, the filing of an IND, human clinical trials and approval
of an NDA. European countries follow generally the same procedures. The EEC has
established a unified filing system administered by the Committee for
Proprietary Medicinal Products designed to reduce the administrative burden of
prosecuting applications for new pharmaceutical products. Following CPMP review
and approval, marketing applications are submitted to member countries for final
approval and pricing approval, as appropriate. The commercial manufacture and
marketing of some animal health products also requires approval by the United
States Department of Agriculture and by comparable agencies in foreign
countries. These processes are likely to take a number of years and often
involve substantial expenditures. There can be no assurance that any approval
will be granted and, even if granted, such approval may be withdrawn if
compliance with regulatory standards is not maintained. In addition, certain
environmental and consumer groups are generally opposed to genetically
engineered products, primarily in the agricultural field. There can be no
assurance that opposition from such groups will not adversely affect the FDA
approval process with respect to the Company's biotechnology products.
In addition to the foregoing, the Company's present and future business may
be subject to regulation under the United States Atomic Energy Act, Drug
Enforcement Agency, Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, Occupational Safety and
Health Act, National Environmental Policy Act, Toxic Substances Control Act,
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation and Liability Act and similar state and foreign statutes, as well
as national restrictions on technology transfer, and import, export and customs
regulations and similar laws and regulations in foreign countries.
PATENTS AND PROPRIETARY RIGHTS
The Company's scientific staff and consultants are actively working in
various areas of biotechnology to develop techniques, microorganisms, processes
and products to achieve the Company's commercial aims. It is the Company's
policy to protect its intellectual property rights in this work by a variety of
means, including filing patent applications in the United States and major
industrialized countries. The Company also relies upon trade secrets and
improvements, unpatented proprietary know-how and continuing technological
innovation to develop and maintain its competitive position. See "--Risks
Factors--Uncertainty of Protection of Patents and Proprietary Rights."
As of February 16, 1998, approximately 300 granted patents, owned or
exclusively licensed by the Company, are being maintained worldwide, including
36 in the United States, 11 patents granted by the European Patent Office
("EPO") and 18 patents granted in Israel. Additionally, approximately 210 patent
applications owned or exclusively licensed by the Company are pending in various
countries. There can be no assurance that any of the patent applications
assigned to or licensed to BTG will result in granted patents, or that granted
patents will not be circumvented or invalidated. The Company believes that
important legal issues remain to be resolved as to the extent and scope of
patent protection, and the Company expects that in certain cases litigation may
be necessary to determine the validity and scope of its and others' proprietary
rights. Such litigation may consume substantial resources. See "--Risk
Factors--Uncertainty of Protection of Patents and Proprietary Rights" and "Item
3. Legal Proceedings."
The Company is aware of patent applications filed by, or patents issued to,
other entities with respect to technology potentially useful to the Company and,
in some cases, related to products and processes being developed by the Company.
The Company cannot presently assess the effect, if any, that these patents may
have on its operations. The extent to which efforts by other researchers have or
will result in patents and the extent to which the issuance of patents to others
would have a materially adverse effect on the Company or would
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force the Company to obtain licenses from others are currently unknown. See
"--Risk Factors--Uncertainty of Protection of Patents and Proprietary Rights."
BTG has a license agreement with the National Technical Information Service
("NTIS"), an operating unit of the United States Department of Commerce (the
"DOC Agreement"), under which it obtained exclusive United States rights to a
U.S. patent relating to the sublingual delivery of sex steroids, in which the
drug is absorbed into the bloodstream through the mucosal membrane under the
tongue. Under the terms of the DOC Agreement, the Company has exclusive rights
to make, have made, use and sell certain steroid products for a period
terminating five years from the date of first commercial sale of a product;
however, the Department of Commerce has notified the Company that BTG must pay a
portion of the legal fees relating to the interference action referred to below.
The Company, which believes it is not obligated to pay these fees, is currently
in discussions with the Department of Commerce. There can be no assurance as to
the outcome of these discussions. The Company also has a non-exclusive license
under the patent to make, have made, use and sell such products in the United
States after the expiration of the exclusive license term. The DOC Agreement
requires the Company to expend reasonable efforts and resources to develop and
bring licensed products to the point of practical application by January 1,
1997, unless this period is extended by mutual agreement of the parties. The
Company believes that its October 1996 filing of an NDA and its ongoing
activities for Androtab-SL satisfy this requirement. The Company pays an annual
maintenance fee to NTIS and will pay NTIS an administration and royalty fee of
five percent of the net sales of licensed products during the exclusive period
of the DOC Agreement, except that no administration and royalty fee will be
payable for direct sales of licensed products by the Company to the United
States Government. BTG also has a license under a claim of a related United
States Government patent, which is currently the subject of an interference
proceeding brought by Janssen Pharmaceutical ("Janssen"), a division of Johnson
& Johnson. The Company is currently in negotiations to secure a license to
Janssen's patents and technology, although there can be no assurance a license
can be obtained on reasonable terms or at all. If Janssen is successful in this
interference action and BTG is unable to obtain a license, BTG may be prohibited
from commercializing its Androtab-SL product. The Company does not expect these
patents will prevent other companies from introducing sublingual steroid
replacement products using other delivery systems in the United States or
similar delivery systems outside the United States. See "--Products and
Applications--Androtab-SL."
To date, the Company has been, or currently is, party to several
administrative and legal proceedings relating to its technologies, products and
patents and the patents of others. See "--Risk Factors--Risk of Pending Patent
Litigation" and "Item 3. Legal Proceedings."
INSTITUTIONAL AND GOVERNMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS
The Company believes its relationships with research institutions in the
United States, Europe and Israel and with the Government of Israel to be
important in its research and product development efforts. The Company believes
that these relationships greatly enhance its research and product development
efforts, and the Company intends to develop and maintain relationships with
leading universities and research institutions even as it continues to expand
its capability to conduct research and product development at its own
facilities. See "--Risk Factors--Risk of Operations in Israel."
The State of Israel supports and encourages research and development in the
field of high technology, as well as manufacturing for export through programs
that provide for research and development funding, export financing, tax
benefits and capital investment incentives. The Company's research and
development activities in Israel through BTG- Israel enable it to take advantage
of these programs. There can be no assurance, however, that such programs will
continue.
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OPERATIONS IN ISRAEL
The Company's primary research and development and production activities
are conducted in Israel and are affected by economic, military and political
conditions there. Israel has been involved in a number of armed conflicts with
its bordering countries. During the course of military operations, Israel's
military reserves, which include a number of the Company's employees and
executives, may be called up. To date, the Company has been able to continue its
research and development and production activities during periods of military
mobilization, although there can be no assurance that such activities could be
continued in the event of future hostilities.
Because BTG-Israel is involved in a technological industry and is an
exporter of Israeli goods, the Company has enjoyed the benefits of certain
programs promulgated by the Government of Israel in order to encourage the
development of technology and export of Israeli products. However, there can be
no guarantee that these programs will continue.
COMPETITION
Therapeutic drug development is conducted by numerous companies throughout
the world. Competition is intense in the product areas in which the Company has
focused its efforts. Significant competition comes from independent, dedicated
biotechnology companies as well as from large, established pharmaceutical
companies. In addition, the Company's products may compete against products
developed by non-recombinant techniques. The primary competitive factors in this
field are the ability to attract and retain highly qualified scientists and
technicians, to create and maintain scientifically advanced technology during a
period of rapid technological development and to develop proprietary products or
processes.
The principal parameters influencing competition are the efficacy of
products and their production processes, the patent protection available for
such products, the timing of commercialization vis-a-vis competitors' products
and, to a limited extent, price. The Company's competitive position in the
industry varies on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis depending
upon the efficacy of the Company's products as compared to competing products,
the scope of patent protection in each country for the Company's products as
compared to competing products, whether the Company's product is the first such
product to be commercialized and, where there are a number of similar products,
the price of the Company's product as compared to its competitors' products, and
the relative strength of the Company's partner in said territory.
Many of the Company's current competitors have significantly greater
financial and organizational resources than the Company. Since technological
developments are expected to continue at a rapid pace in the biotechnology
industry, the successful development of the Company's products will be dependent
upon its ability to maintain a competitive position with respect to its
technology. See "--Risk Factors--Competition."
EMPLOYEES
As of February 1, 1998 the Company had 247 employees, most of whom are
engaged in research, development, manufacturing, quality assurance and marketing
activities, including 35 who hold Ph.D. or M.D. degrees. In addition, the
Company has consulting arrangements with scientists at various institutions and
universities in the United States and Israel.
The Company's ability to develop marketable products and to establish and
maintain its competitive position in light of technological developments will
depend, in part, on its ability to attract and retain qualified scientific,
marketing and management personnel. Competition for such personnel is intense.
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None of the Company's employees is represented by a labor union and the
Company has experienced no work stoppages. The Company believes its relations
with its employees are good and has experienced a low turnover rate among its
employees.
RISK FACTORS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains certain forward-looking statements
within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. All statements regarding the Company's
expected future financial position, results of operations, cash flows, financing
plans, business strategy, competitive position, plans and objectives and words
such as "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "plan" and
other similar expressions are forward-looking statements. Such forward looking
statements are inherently uncertain, and stockholders must recognize that actual
results could differ materially from those projected or contemplated in the
forward-looking statements as a result of a variety of factors, including the
factors set forth below.
Dependence on Oxandrin. A substantial portion of the increase in the
Company's revenues in 1996 and 1997 resulted from increasing sales of Oxandrin,
which the Company relaunched in the United States in December 1995. There can be
no assurance that such sales increases will continue. Sales of Oxandrin in 1995,
1996 and 1997 amounted to approximately $3.0 million, $15.1 million and $27.9
million, respectively, representing 14%, 37% and 52%, respectively, of the
Company's total product sales in those periods. A substantial number of users of
Oxandrin are patients with AIDS and as more successful treatments for this
disease, such as protease inhibitors, are developed, the need to use Oxandrin by
these patients may be reduced. Although the Company is working to expand the use
of Oxandrin to treat other conditions covered by the product's current FDA
approval, such as the treatment of weight loss suffered by burn victims and
persons suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer, there
can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in its efforts.
Additionally, there are no patents covering Oxandrin, and there can be no
assurance that others will not introduce an oxandrolone product.
Dependence on Third-Party Suppliers. The Company is dependent on third
parties for the manufacture of Oxandrin and Delatestryl and the filling and
vialing of its Bio-Tropin product. Although the Company is a party to an
exclusive supply arrangement with Searle, and an alternative exclusive supply
agreement with SPA, covering the supply of Oxandrin to BTG through at least the
year 2003, there can be no assurance that Searle will continue, or that SPA will
be able, to provide the Company with sufficient supplies of Oxandrin to satisfy
its future needs. Bristol has manufactured Delatestryl for the Company pursuant
to an agreement which expired in December 1997. There can be no assurance that
Bristol will continue to honor the Company's purchase orders or that the
Company's supply requirements will be satisfied. In addition, the Company is
dependent on Dr. Madaus GmbH ("Dr. Madaus") to fill and vial the Company's
Bio-Tropin product. Any failure of Searle and SPA, Bristol or Dr. Madaus to
fulfill its obligations to the Company could have a material adverse effect on
the business, results of operations and financial condition of the Company.
There can be no assurance that the Company would be able to find an alternative
supplier for any of Searle and SPA, Bristol or Dr. Madaus if they were unable or
unwilling to fulfill their obligations to the Company. See "--Manufacturing and
Supply Agreements."
Dependence on Third Party Licensees. The Company has derived, and expects
to continue to derive over the next several years, revenues from existing and
new licensing, research and development and marketing agreements. These
agreements typically provide the Company's licensees with certain rights,
subject to an obligation to pay royalties to the Company based on any future
product sales or to purchase product from the Company, to manufacture and market
specified products developed using the Company's proprietary technology. Certain
of these agreements provide for funding by licensees of research activities
performed on their behalf by the Company. Continued funding and participation by
these
-17-
<PAGE>
licensees will depend not only on the timely achievement of milestones, which
cannot be assured, but also on each licensee's own financial, competitive,
marketing and strategic considerations. Such considerations include the relative
advantages, including patent and proprietary positions, of alternate products
being marketed or developed by others. Furthermore, the amounts of any payments
to be received by the Company under its license agreements from sales of product
by licensees will be dependent on the extent to which its licensees devote
resources to the development and commercialization of the products. Although the
Company believes its licensees have an economic motivation to commercialize
their products, the Company will have no effective control over the licensees'
commercialization efforts.
Risk of Pending Patent Litigation. To date, the Company has been, or
currently is, party to several administrative and legal proceedings relating to
its technologies, products and patents and the patents of others. Genentech,
Inc. ("Genentech") has alleged that the Company's human growth hormone ("hGH")
product infringes various Genentech patents and has obtained a preliminary
injunction prohibiting the commercial introduction of the Company's human growth
hormone in the United States. There can be no assurance that Genentech will not
be successful in prosecuting similar infringement claims in one or more other
countries in which BTG's human growth hormone product is being sold. If the
Company's hGH is found to infringe certain Genentech patents in one or more
other countries, the Company and/or its distributor(s) may be obligated to pay
damages, and would need to obtain a license from Genentech in order to continue
sales of hGH. There can be no assurance that such a license will be granted by
Genentech, or that the Company's distributor(s) will not be required to stop
selling the Company's hGH. Additionally, BTG's patent covering a method for
producing enzymatically active human copper/zinc superoxide dismutase ("SOD") in
bacteria is currently the subject of an interference action with Chiron Corp.
("Chiron") in the United States Patent Office Board of Patent Appeals and
Interferences. Additionally, BTG is attempting to provoke an interference action
against a U.S. patent issued to Chiron for the bacterially produced form of
recombinant human copper/zinc SOD. Unless BTG is able to prevail in these
actions or obtain a license from Chiron, BTG may be unable to commercialize its
OxSODrol product in the United States. BTG is also engaged in litigation with
Biogen, Inc. ("Biogen") relating to the compulsory license granted to BTG which
allows BTG to produce its Bio-Hep-B vaccine in Israel and to export the vaccine
to countries in which neither Biogen nor others have been granted a blocking
patent. If Biogen is successful in overturning the compulsory license, BTG will
not be able to manufacture its Bio-Hep-B vaccine in Israel. See "Item 3. Legal
Proceedings."
Uncertainty of Protection of Patents and Proprietary Technology. The
Company has developed patentable technology and proprietary know-how and has
acquired from various universities and institutions certain basic technologies,
as to which either patents have been issued or patent applications are pending.
There can be no assurance that patent applications will result in issued
patents, that the claims allowed in such issued patents will be sufficiently
broad to protect the Company's proprietary rights or that patents will not be
challenged, circumvented or invalidated or that rights granted pursuant to such
patents will provide competitive advantages to the Company. The Company's
success depends in part on its ability to continue to obtain patent protection
in the United States and other countries for its technologies and the products,
if any, resulting from such technologies. Patent applications in the United
States are maintained in secrecy until a patent issues, and the Company cannot
be certain that others have not filed patent applications for technology covered
by the Company's pending applications or that the Company was the first to file
patent applications for such technology. The Company also relies on trade
secrets, proprietary know-how and technological innovation which it seeks to
protect with confidentiality agreements with its employees, consultants and
licensees. There can be no assurance that these agreements will not be breached,
that the Company will have adequate remedies for any breach or that BTG's trade
secrets and proprietary know-how will not otherwise become known or be
independently discovered by competitors.
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<PAGE>
BTG's commercial success will also depend in part on the Company not
infringing patents or proprietary rights of third parties. A number of companies
and research and academic institutions have developed technologies, filed patent
applications or received patents on various technologies that relate to the
Company's business, and such entities may file applications for or be issued
patents in the future with respect to technology potentially necessary or useful
to BTG. Some of these technologies, applications or patents may conflict with
the Company's technologies and existing or future patents, if any, or patent
applications. Such conflict could limit the scope of patents that BTG has
obtained or may obtain in the future or result in patent applications failing to
issue as patents. In addition, if third parties obtain patents which cover the
Company's activities, there can be no assurance that BTG would be able to
license such patents on reasonable terms, or at all, or be able to license or
develop alternative technology. As more patents are issued to third parties, the
risk that the Company's products and activities may give rise to claims that
they infringe the patents of others increases.
The Company expects that administrative hearings, litigation or both will
be necessary to determine the validity and scope of its and others' proprietary
or biotechnology patents. Such administrative proceedings or litigation have to
date required, and may in the future require, a significant commitment of the
Company's resources. Any such commitment may divert resources from other areas
of the Company.
Limited Manufacturing Capacity and Experience. The Company has limited
commercial scale manufacturing capacity and experience. While it is expected
that the Company's manufacturing facilities will allow the Company to satisfy
its current and anticipated near-term requirements, the Company will need a
larger facility to meet anticipated increases in demand for its products. The
Company is required to obtain regulatory approval for all of its commercial
manufacturing processes and facilities, and to date the Company has been able to
obtain such approvals. Any failure to receive, or substantial delay in
obtaining, regulatory approval for its manufacturing processes and facilities
could have a material adverse effect on the Company.
The manufacture of the Company's products involves a number of technical
steps and requires meeting stringent quality control specifications imposed by
governmental regulatory bodies and by the Company itself. Further, such products
can only be manufactured in facilities approved by the applicable regulatory
authorities. As a result, the Company may not be able to quickly and efficiently
replace its manufacturing capacity in the event that it is unable to manufacture
its products at its facilities. In the event of a natural disaster, equipment
failure, strike, war or other difficulty, BTG may be unable to manufacture its
products in a manner necessary to fulfill demand. BTG's inability to fulfill
demand may permit its licensees and distributors to terminate their agreements,
seek alternate suppliers or manufacture the products themselves. Additionally,
if the Company does not receive regulatory approval for any new facility, it
would likely be unable to meet the anticipated increased demand for its
products, which would have a material adverse effect on BTG's business, results
of operations and financial condition.
The Company is dependent on third parties to manufacture all or a portion
of certain of its products. See "-- Dependence on Third-Party Suppliers."
Limited Marketing Capability and Experience. The Company established a
sales and marketing force in the United States during the second half of 1995 to
promote distribution of Oxandrin and other BTG products in the United States.
With respect to territories outside the United States, the Company does not yet
have an established sales force and relies on third parties to market its
products. There can be no assurance that the Company's marketing strategy will
be successful. The Company's ability to market its products successfully in the
future will be dependent on a number of factors, many of which are not within
its control.
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<PAGE>
Limited Commercial Products. The Company's principal activities since its
formation in 1980 have been the research and development of products with
commercial potential. Commercialization of the Company's products is subject to
successful clinical testing and governmental approvals, the timing of which is
not within the control of the Company and has taken and may continue to take
longer than anticipated. Acceptance by the medical community of the Company's
products is also necessary for their successful commercialization.
Historical Operating Losses. Prior to 1995, the Company's revenues were not
sufficient to offset the expenses incurred in its research, development and
production activities. At December 31, 1997, the Company had an accumulated
deficit of approximately $54.1 million. Revenue has in the past and may in the
immediate future continue to display significant variations due to the level of
sales of existing products, the introduction of new products and new research
and development contracts and licensing arrangements, the completion or
termination of those contracts and arrangements, the timing and amounts of
milestone payments and the timing of regulatory approvals of products. The
Company's continued profitability will be dependent on its success in
developing, obtaining regulatory approvals for and effectively marketing its
products. The annual cash flows of the Company have fluctuated significantly due
to the impact of net income and losses, capital spending, working capital
requirements and issuances of Common Stock and other financings. The Company
expects that cash flow in the near future will be primarily determined by the
levels of net income and financings, if any, undertaken by the Company. See
"Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations."
Capital Needs. The development and commercialization of products requires a
substantial amount of funds. The Company's cash requirements are currently
satisfied primarily through product sales. Historically, cash requirements were
satisfied primarily through (i) product sales, (ii) funding of projects through
collaborative research and development arrangements, (iii) contract fees, (iv)
government of Israel funding of a portion of certain research and development
projects and (v) equity and debt financings. There can be no assurance that
these financing alternatives will be available in the future to satisfy the
Company's cash requirements. The Company believes that its remaining cash
resources, together with anticipated product sales, scheduled payments to be
made to BTG under its current agreements with pharmaceutical partners and third
parties and continued funding from the Chief Scientist at current levels, will
be sufficient to fund the Company's ongoing operations for the foreseeable
future. There can, however, be no assurance that product sales will occur as
anticipated, that scheduled payments will be made by third parties, that current
agreements will not be canceled, that the Chief Scientist will continue to
provide funding at current levels, or that unanticipated events requiring the
expenditure of funds will not occur.
The satisfaction of the Company's future cash requirements will depend in
large part on the status of commercialization of the Company's products, the
Company's ability to enter into additional research and development and
licensing arrangements, and the Company's ability to obtain additional equity
investments, if necessary. There can be no assurance that the Company will be
able to obtain additional funds or, if such funds are available, that such
funding will be on favorable terms. If additional funds are raised by issuing
equity securities of the Company, dilution to existing stockholders may result.
If adequate funds are not available, BTG may be required to significantly
curtail one or more of its commercialization efforts or research and development
programs or obtain funds through arrangements with collaborative partners or
others on less favorable terms than might otherwise be available.
Effect of Governmental Regulation. The Company is subject to regulation by
numerous governmental authorities in the United States and other countries. All
of the Company's products, manufacturing processes and facilities require
governmental licensing or approval prior to commercial use. The approval process
applicable to products of the type being developed by the Company usually takes
five to seven years from the commencement of human clinical trials and typically
requires substantial expenditures. The Company and its licensees may encounter
significant delays or excessive costs in their respective efforts to secure
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<PAGE>
necessary approvals or licenses. Before obtaining regulatory approval for the
commercial sale of its products, the Company is required to conduct preclinical
and clinical trials to demonstrate that the product is safe and efficacious for
the treatment of the target disease. The results from preclinical animal studies
and early clinical trials may not be predictive of results that will be obtained
in large scale testing. A number of biotechnology companies have recently
suffered significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials, even after
experiencing promising results in preclinical and early human testing.
Additionally, the timing of completion of clinical trials is dependent upon a
number of factors, many of which are outside the Company's control, including
the rate of patient enrollment. Patient enrollment is a function of several
factors, including the size of the patient population and the proximity of
patients to clinical sites. Delays in patient enrollment could result in
increased costs and delays in completion of the clinical trials. In addition,
preclinical and clinical trials must meet regulatory and institutional
requirements. Data obtained from preclinical and clinical activities are
susceptible to varying interpretations which could delay, limit or prevent
regulatory approval. In addition, the Company and its partners may encounter
delays or rejections based upon changes in the policies of regulatory
authorities.
Future United States or foreign legislative or administrative acts could
also prevent or delay regulatory approval of the Company's or its licensees'
products. Failure to obtain requisite governmental approvals, or failure to
obtain approvals of the scope requested, could delay or preclude the Company or
its licensees from marketing their products, could limit the commercial use of
the products and could also allow competitors time to introduce competing
products ahead of product introduction by the Company and thereby have a
material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations, liquidity and
financial condition. Even after regulatory approval is obtained, use of the
products could reveal side effects that, if serious, could result in suspension
of existing approvals and delays in obtaining approvals in other jurisdictions.
Regulation by governmental authorities in the United States and other
countries is a significant factor affecting the timing of the commercialization
of the Company's products and its ongoing research and development activities.
The timing of regulatory approvals is not within the Company's control. To date,
the length of time required to obtain regulatory approval of
genetically-engineered products has been significantly longer than expected,
both for the Company and the biotechnology industry in general. These delays
have had, and if they continue could have, a material adverse effect on the
results of operations and financial condition of the Company. The Company
believes that these delays have in the past negatively impacted its ability to
attract funding and that, as a result, the terms of such financings have been
less favorable to the Company than they might otherwise have been had the
Company's product revenues provided sufficient funds to finance the large costs
of taking a product from discovery through commercialization. As a result, the
Company has had to license the commercialization of many of its products to
third parties in exchange for research funding and royalties on product sales;
this will result in lower revenues than if BTG had commercialized the products
on its own.
Failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can, among other
things, result in fines, suspension of regulatory approvals, product recalls,
seizure of products, imposition of operating restrictions and criminal
prosecutions. Further, FDA policy or similar policies of regulatory agencies in
other countries may change and additional governmental requirements may be
established that could prevent or delay regulatory approval of the Company's
products.
Uncertainty of Healthcare Reimbursement. The Company's ability to
successfully commercialize human therapeutic products may depend in part on the
extent to which reimbursement for the cost of such products and related
treatment will be available from government health administration authorities,
private health coverage insurers and other organizations. Significant
uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved healthcare
products, and there can be no assurance that adequate third-party coverage will
be
-21-
<PAGE>
available for the Company to maintain price levels sufficient for realization of
an appropriate return on its investment in product development. Government and
other third party payors are increasingly attempting to contain healthcare costs
by limiting both coverage and the level of reimbursement for new therapeutic
products approved for marketing by the FDA and by refusing, in some cases, to
provide any coverage for use of approved products for disease indications for
which the FDA has not granted marketing approval. If adequate coverage and
reimbursement levels are not provided by government and third-party payors for
use of the Company's healthcare products, the market acceptance of these
products would be adversely affected. In addition, in recent years a number of
federal and state healthcare reform proposals have been introduced to contain
healthcare costs. There can be no assurance as to the ultimate content, timing
or effect of any healthcare reform legislation, nor is it possible at this time
to estimate the impact of potential legislation on the Company. Regulatory
approval of prices is also required in most countries outside the United States.
In particular, certain European countries will condition their approval of a
product on the agreement of the seller not to sell the product for more than a
certain price in that country. There can be no assurance that the establishment
of a price in one European country will not have the practical effect of
requiring the Company's marketing partners to sell the product in other European
countries at no higher than such price. Because BTG generally supplies product
to its marketing partners for a specified percentage of net sales, there can be
no assurance that the resulting prices would be sufficient to generate an
acceptable return on the Company's investment in its products or even cover the
Company's manufacturing costs for such product.
Risk of Technical Obsolescence; Highly Competitive Industry. Biotechnology
has undergone rapid and significant technological change. The Company expects
that this technology will continue to develop rapidly, and the Company's future
success will depend, in large part, on its ability to maintain a competitive
position. Rapid technological development may result in products or processes
becoming obsolete before marketing of these products or before the Company
recovers a significant portion of the research, development and
commercialization expenses incurred with respect to those products. Numerous
companies, including well-known pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, are
engaged in the business of researching and developing products similar to those
of the Company. Many of these companies have substantially greater capital
resources and larger research and development staffs and facilities than the
Company. Such companies may succeed in their research, developing on a more
timely basis products that may be more effective than any which may be developed
by the Company. These companies may also be more successful than the Company in
the production and marketing of such products.
Retention of Key Personnel. The Company is dependent upon the efforts of
its officers and scientists and other employees. The loss of certain of these
key employees could materially and adversely affect the Company's business.
There is a great deal of competition for the limited number of scientists with
expertise in the area of the Company's operations. The business of the Company
is dependent upon its ability to attract and retain qualified research and
managerial personnel. The Company does not maintain, and has no current
intention of obtaining, "key man" life insurance on any of its employees.
Risk of Operations in Israel. The Company's primary research, development
and production operations are at this time conducted in Israel by its
wholly-owned subsidiary BTG-Israel and can be affected by economic, military and
political conditions in that country and in the Middle East in general. The
Company manages its Israeli operations with the object of protecting against any
material net financial loss in U.S. dollars from the impact of Israeli inflation
and currency devaluations on its non-U.S. dollar assets and liabilities. The
Bank of Israel's monetary policy has been to manage the exchange rate while
allowing the Consumer Price Index to rise by approximately 8% in 1995, 11% in
1996 and 7% in 1997. For those expenses linked to the Israeli Shekel, such as
salaries and rent, this resulted in corresponding increases in these costs in
U.S. dollars. In 1995, 1996 and 1997 the Shekel was devalued by approximately
4%, 4% and 9%, respectively, against the U.S. dollar. Because of the
insignificant devaluation of the Shekel against the U.S. dollar in 1995 and 1996
despite the
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<PAGE>
annual rate of increase in the Consumer Price Index, BTG's cost of local goods
and services, to the extent linked in whole or in part to the Consumer Price
Index, increased in U.S. dollar terms. To the extent that expenses in Shekels
exceed BTG's revenues in Shekels (which to date have consisted primarily of
research funding from the Chief Scientist and product sales in Israel), the
devaluations of Israeli currency have been and will continue to be a benefit to
BTG's financial condition. However, should BTG's revenues in Shekels exceed its
expenses in Shekels in any material respect, the devaluation of the Shekel will
adversely affect BTG's financial condition. Further, to the extent the
devaluation of the Shekel with respect to the U.S. dollar does not substantially
offset the increase in the costs of local goods and services in Israel, BTG's
financial results will be adversely affected as local expenses measured in U.S.
dollars will increase. There can be no assurance that the government of Israel
will continue to devalue the Shekel from time to time to offset the effects of
inflation in Israel.
Risk of Product Liability. The testing and marketing of the Company's
products entail risk of product liability. Although the Company has so far been
able to obtain indemnification from pharmaceutical companies commercializing its
products, there can be no assurance that other such companies will agree in the
future to indemnify the Company for other of the Company's products or that such
companies will, if obligated to do so, have adequate resources to fulfill their
indemnity agreements. Further, to the extent the Company elects to test or
market products independently, it will bear the risk of product liability
directly. The Company presently has $10,000,000 of product liability insurance
coverage in place. Any successful product liability claim made against the
Company could substantially reduce or eliminate any stockholders' equity the
Company may have and could have a significant adverse impact on the future of
the Company.
Volatility of Share Price. The market prices for securities of
biotechnology companies, including the Company, have been volatile, and it is
likely that the price of the Common Stock will fluctuate in the future. Factors
such as announcements of technological innovations or new commercial products by
the Company or its competitors, announcements by the Company or its competitors
of results in preclinical testing and clinical trials, governmental regulation,
patent or proprietary rights developments, public concern as to the safety or
other implications of biotechnology products, changes in earnings estimates and
recommendations by securities analysts, and market conditions in general may
have a significant impact on the market price of the Common Stock. In addition,
the market price of the Common Stock could be adversely affected by future
exercises of outstanding warrants and options. At December 31, 1997 options and
warrants to purchase an aggregate of approximately 5,400,000 shares and
4,704,000 shares, respectively, of Common Stock were outstanding. A substantial
portion of these options and warrants have exercise prices below the current
market price of the Common Stock. Additionally, all of the shares of Common
Stock issuable upon exercise of these outstanding options and warrants have been
registered for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and,
accordingly, when issued will be freely tradable without restriction. In
addition, the Company may issue additional stock, warrants and/or options to
raise capital in the future. The Company may also issue additional securities in
connection with its employee benefit plans. During the terms of such options and
warrants, the holders thereof are given the opportunity to profit from a rise in
the market price of the Common Stock. The exercise of such options and warrants
may have an adverse effect on the market value of the Common Stock. The
existence of such options and warrants may adversely affect the terms on which
the Company can obtain additional equity financing. To the extent the exercise
prices of such options and warrants are less than the net tangible book value of
the Common Stock at the time such options and warrants are exercised, the
Company's stockholders will experience an immediate dilution in the net tangible
book value of their investment. Further, the future sale of a substantial number
of shares of Common Stock by existing stockholders and option and warrant
holders may have an adverse impact on the market price of the Common Stock. See
"Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters."
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<PAGE>
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY
The executive officers and key personnel of the Company are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Name Age Positions
- -------------------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Sim Fass ................................... 56 Chairman of the Board, President, Chief
Executive Officer and Treasurer;
President of BTG-Israel; Director
Norman Barton, M.D., Ph.D................... 50 Senior Vice President--Chief Medical
Officer
Zvi Ben-Hetz................................ 54 Vice President--Operations and
Logistics, BTG-Israel
Meir Fischer, Ph.D.......................... 57 Vice President--Process Development,
BTG-Israel
Marian Gorecki, Ph.D........................ 57 Senior Vice President--Chief Technical
Officer
David Haselkorn, Ph.D....................... 53 Senior Vice President, Chief Operating
Officer; Managing Director, BTG-Israel
Abraham Havron, Ph.D........................ 50 Vice President--Product Development
and Technology Transfer, BTG-Israel
Dov Kanner, Ph.D............................ 44 Vice President--Quality Assurance and
Regulatory Affairs, BTG-Israel
Ernest Kelly, Ph.D.......................... 48 Senior Vice President--Quality
Assurance, Quality Control and
Regulatory Affairs
John Librie................................. 40 Vice President--National Sales
Amos Panet, Ph.D............................ 56 Chief Scientist--BTG-Israel
Annmarie Petraglia.......................... 59 Vice President--Regulatory Affairs
William Pursley............................. 44 Senior Vice President--Marketing, Sales
and Commercial Development
Ronald Simko................................ 47 Vice President--Manufacturing
Yehuda Sternlicht........................... 43 Vice President--Finance, Chief Financial
Officer
Yehuda Zelig................................ 45 Vice President--Manufacturing, BTG-
Israel
</TABLE>
- ----------
Sim Fass was elected a Director and Treasurer of the Company in August 1983
and served as Chief Operating Officer of BTG-Israel from August 1983 to May 1987
and as President of BTG-Israel from May 1984. Dr. Fass became President and
Chief Executive Officer of the Company in May 1984 and Chairman of the Board in
March 1997. From April 1980 to August 1983, he was Vice President, General
Manager of Wampole Laboratories, a division of Carter-Wallace, Inc., a company
that manufactures health care- related products. Prior to that, he held various
positions at Pfizer Inc. from September 1969 until March 1980, including
Director, Marketing Research and Planning, Pfizer Pharmaceutical, and Vice
President, Marketing and Sales, Pfizer Diagnostics Division of Pfizer
Pharmaceutical and
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<PAGE>
Group Marketing Manager of Pfizer Laboratories. Dr. Fass received his Ph.D. in
developmental biology/biochemistry from the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology.
Norman Barton, M.D., Ph.D. joined the Company in April 1996 in the newly
created position of Vice President--Medical Affairs and was appointed Senior
Vice President--Chief Medical Officer in March 1998. Prior to joining the
Company, from 1985 to 1996 Dr. Barton served as Chief of the Clinical
Investigations and Therapeutics Section of the National Institute of
Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda, Maryland. During that time, he
was instrumental in the development and clinical investigation of
macrophage-targeted glucocerebrosidase (CEREDASE(TM)), the first enzyme
replacement product for Gaucher disease, a genetic disorder of lipid metabolism.
Between 1978 and 1985, Dr. Barton held positions as a staff neurologist at The
New York Hospital and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and
Stroke. Dr. Barton is a board-certified neurologist and holds a Ph.D. in
Biological Chemistry.
Zvi Ben-Hetz joined BTG-Israel in December 1980 as facility manager. His
work included the organization and construction of the manufacturing facility
and logistics system of the Company in Israel. Between 1986 and 1988, he headed
the unit involved in the construction of the present facility in Israel, where
all the Company's research, development and manufacturing activities take place.
In 1988, he was appointed Operations and Logistics Manager of BTG-Israel and in
1992 was appointed Vice President--Operations and Logistics of BTG-Israel. From
1976 until he joined BTG-Israel, Mr. Ben-Hetz worked at the Volcani Institute,
the National Institute for Agriculture Research in Israel, as a Junior
Agricultural Engineer.
Meir Fischer, Ph.D. was appointed to the newly-created position of Vice
President-Process Development of BTG-Israel in January 1998. Dr. Fischer joined
BTG-Israel in 1981 as group leader, served as Assistant Director of the
Molecular Biology Department from 1984 to 1988, and as Department Head from 1988
to 1994 in the Research Division, and Department Head of Process Development
from 1994 to 1997 in the Division of Manufacturing and Process Development. Dr.
Fischer obtained his Ph.D. in Biochemical Genetics and Microbiology from Indiana
University in 1974 and subsequently did post- doctoral research in the
Department of Biochemistry of Duke University and at Burroughs Wellcome Company.
Marian Gorecki, Ph.D. was elected Senior Vice President--Chief Technical
Officer of the Company in June 1992. In 1986, he was appointed Vice President
and Chief Technical Officer of BTG-Israel. Prior thereto, he had served as Vice
President, Research and Development of BTG-Israel since August 1981. Prior to
that, he was on the staff of the Weizmann Institute of Science for twelve years,
during which time he was an associate professor for two years. Dr. Gorecki
received his Ph.D. in biochemistry from the Weizmann Institute of Science in
1972. He has broad experience in the fields of molecular biology and genetic
engineering as well as in peptide protein chemistry. Dr. Gorecki served as a
director of the Company from June 1992 through December 1994.
David Haselkorn, Ph.D. was appointed Vice President of the Company and
Managing Director of BTG-Israel in May 1987. In 1990, he was promoted to Senior
Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the Company. From 1982 through May
1987, he served as Chief Scientist of the International Eisenberg Group of
Companies. From 1973 to 1982, Dr. Haselkorn rose to the rank of colonel and was
appointed head of a research and development division of the Israel Defense
Forces. He received his M.Sc. degree in biochemistry from the Hebrew University
in 1970 and a Ph.D degree in chemical immunology from the Weizmann Institute of
Science in 1973. Dr. Haselkorn served as a director of the Company from February
1992 through June 1995.
Abraham Havron, Ph.D. joined BTG-Israel in September 1987 as Director,
Manufacturing and in 1992 was appointed Vice President--Manufacturing of
BTG-Israel. Dr. Havron obtained his Ph.D. degree in bio-organic chemistry from
the Weizmann Institute of
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<PAGE>
Science in 1978 and subsequently did post-doctoral research in the Department of
Radiology at Harvard Medical School. Before joining the Company, Dr. Havron
served as Production and R&D Manager at InterPharm Laboratories Ltd., a
subsidiary of Ares Serono, S.A., a multinational pharmaceutical company.
Dov Kanner, Ph.D. was appointed to the newly created position of Vice
President--Quality Assurance and Regulatory Affairs of BTG-Israel in September
1994. Dr. Kanner joined BTG-Israel in 1981 as a staff scientist, served as Head
of Fermentation from 1984 to 1989 and as Deputy Director, Manufacturing and
Process Development, from 1989 to 1994. He obtained his Ph.D. in microbiology
from Rutgers University in 1980.
Ernest Kelly, Ph.D. joined the Company in February 1996 in the newly
created position of Senior Vice President--Quality Assurance, Quality Control
and Regulatory Affairs. Prior to joining the Company, he was Vice President,
Worldwide Quality Assurance for Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Inc. ("RPR"). From 1979 to
1996, Dr. Kelly served in positions at RPR in both research and development and
industrial operation quality assurance. Prior to joining RPR, he served Merck
Sharp and Dohme from 1974 to 1979 and McNeil Labs from 1972 to 1974 in quality
assurance and analytical research positions. Dr. Kelly received his Ph.D. in
Physical Chemistry from Villanova University, served on several United States
Pharmacopeia Advisory Panels and also served as Adjunct Professor of
Pharmaceutics at Temple University.
John Librie joined BTG in October 1995 as the Executive Director of Sales
and was appointed Vice President--National Sales in July 1997. Prior to joining
BTG, Mr. Librie spent nine years with Genentech, holding positions in sales,
marketing and sales management. Prior to joining Genentech, Mr. Librie spent
five years with Marion Laboratories, a pharmaceutical company, in various sales
positions.
Amos Panet, Ph.D. joined BTG-Israel in September 1986 as Assistant to the
Vice President, Research and Development. In March 1987, he was appointed Chief
Scientist. Dr. Panet obtained his Ph.D. in the field of biochemistry from the
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and subsequently served as a post-doctoral
fellow with Drs. D. Khorana and D. Baltimore at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. Dr. Panet is a Professor of Virology at the Hadassah School of
Medicine of the Hebrew University.
Annmarie Petraglia joined BTG in May 1994 as Senior Director, Regulatory
Affairs and was appointed Vice President--Regulatory Affairs in April 1995.
Previously Ms. Petraglia was Director, Regulatory Affairs and Scientific
Documentation, Daiichi Pharm. Corp. from 1991 to 1994; Vice President Regulatory
Affairs, Zambon Corp. from 1988 to 1991; Senior Vice President, Regulatory
Affairs, Advanced Therapeutics Communications from 1986 to 1988; and Director,
Regulatory Affairs, American Home Products Corp. from 1984 to 1986. She served
in various regulatory affairs capacities at Schering-Plough Corporation from
1980 to 1984; as Director, Medical Analysis/Writing at Bristol-Myers
International from 1973 to 1978; and Product Manager at Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc.
from 1967 to 1973. Ms. Petraglia is a registered pharmacist.
William Pursley joined the Company in April 1995 in the newly created
position of Senior Vice President--Marketing, Sales and Commercial Development.
From November 1993 until April 1994, Mr. Pursley was Chairman and CEO of
TriGenix, Inc., a virtual sales, marketing and reimbursement organization for
the biotechnology industry. Mr. Pursley was Vice President of Sales and
Marketing at Genzyme Corp. from December 1990 until November 1993. Mr. Pursley
managed the growth hormone business in the Southeast region of the U.S. for
Genentech from October 1985 until December 1990. From 1979 through October 1985,
Mr. Pursley held several sales, marketing and middle management positions at
Merck & Co. Inc.
Ronald Simko joined the Company in August 1994 as Vice
President--Manufacturing. From 1977 to 1989, Mr. Simko worked in numerous
manufacturing capacities at Schering-Plough Corporation managing the process
validation organization as well as the
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<PAGE>
sterile products and tablet production operations. From 1989 to 1994, he was at
Enzon, Inc., where he served as Senior Director, Manufacturing and Materials
Management.
Yehuda Sternlicht joined BTG-Israel in July 1992 as financial manager and
in January 1993 was appointed Chief Financial Officer of the Company. In June
1995, he was appointed Vice President--Finance and Chief Financial Officer of
the Company. From 1988 until he joined BTG-Israel, he was financial manager of
Bordeaux Textile Ltd., an Israeli company. From 1985 to 1988, he served as
controller of Laser Industries Ltd., an Israeli company listed on the American
Stock Exchange. Prior to that, he held various positions at Haft & Haft, one of
the largest CPA firms in Israel. From 1983 to 1985, he worked at Haft & Haft's
affiliate's New York office. Mr. Sternlicht is qualified as a Certified Public
Accountant in the State of Israel.
Yehuda Zelig joined BTG-Israel in March 1983 as research assistant. In 1988
he was appointed as Manager-Protein Purification of BTG-Israel, and from 1989 to
1994 he served as Manager of BTG-Israel's Protein Purification Department. In
1994 Mr. Zelig was appointed Head of the Manufacturing Department of BTG-Israel
and in September 1995 he was appointed Director of Manufacturing of BTG-Israel.
In January 1998 Zelig was appointed Vice President--Manufacturing of BTG-Israel.
ITEM 2. PROPERTY
The Company's administrative offices are currently located in Iselin, New
Jersey, where the Company has leased approximately 23,000 square feet of office
space. The lease has a base average annual rental expense of approximately
$414,000 and expires in October 2003. The Company's research, development and
manufacturing facility is located in Rehovot, Israel, where BTG leases
approximately 94,000 square feet at an annual rental of approximately
$1,132,000. Construction of this facility was completed in 1988 and occupancy
commenced shortly thereafter. The lease term expires in December 2002. BTG also
leases 5,000 square feet of warehouse space near its research and manufacturing
facility. The Company believes its space is suitable and adequate for its
current activities; however, the Company anticipates that it will require a new,
larger manufacturing facility in Israel within the next several years to meet
anticipated increased demand for its products and increased regulatory
requirements. The Company believes there will be adequate space available in
Israel to construct a new facility.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
On March 16, 1993, Genentech filed a complaint with the United States
International Trade Commission (the "ITC") alleging, among other things, that
BTG's importation of hGH into the United States violates Section 337 of the
Tariff Act of 1930 because of the existence of certain claims in U.S. patents of
Genentech. Genentech sought an immediate investigation and an order that BTG
cease and desist from importing hGH into the United States. The trial on the
Genentech complaint was held in April 1994. In January 1995, the ITC issued a
final decision dismissing the complaint with prejudice as a sanction for
Genentech's conduct which resulted in an incomplete record and violated the due
process rights of BTG and Novo-Nordisk A/S, another respondent in the
proceeding. The ITC also found no violation by BTG of Section 337 of the Tariff
Act of 1930. Genentech appealed the ITC decision to the United States Court of
Appeals for the Federal Circuit ("CAFC"). The appeal was heard in 1995, and in
August 1997 the CAFC reversed the ITC decision and remanded the investigation to
the ITC. However, Genentech then withdrew its complaint, the result of which is
that Genentech is barred from asserting the patents at issue, regarding hGH,
against BTG in the ITC. During 1993 and 1994, BTG incurred total legal fees of
approximately $4.2 million relating to the ITC proceeding.
-27-
<PAGE>
On December 1, 1994, Genentech filed a lawsuit against BTG in the United
States District Court for the District of Delaware alleging that BTG's
importation of hGH infringed two Genentech process patents. In January 1995, BTG
commenced an action against Genentech in the United States District Court for
the Southern District of New York (the "U.S. District Court") seeking, among
other things, declaratory judgments as to the non-infringement, invalidity and
unenforceability of such Genentech patents as well as damages resulting from
Genentech's actions in the ITC proceedings. The Delaware action was consolidated
with the New York action, and in August 1995 the U.S. District Court granted a
preliminary injunction prohibiting the commercial introduction in the United
States of BTG's hGH. In April 1996, the CAFC rejected BTG's appeal of the grant
of the preliminary injunction. In May 1996, the CAFC rejected BTG's request for
a rehearing and a rehearing en banc. BTG filed a petition for a writ of
certiorari with the United States Supreme Court, which was denied in October
1996. BTG is now precluded from marketing and distributing its human growth
hormone in the United States pending the outcome of the patent infringement
action. Although BTG believes that it does not infringe any valid Genentech
patent, there can be no assurance that BTG will not be found to be infringing
Genentech's patents. If BTG is ultimately found by the district court to
infringe one or more claims in Genentech's U.S. patents, it likely will be
precluded from selling its hGH in the United States during the life of these
Genentech patents. The Company is currently evaluating its options in light of
the U.S. District Court and CAFC decisions. During 1995, the Company incurred
total legal fees relating to this litigation of approximately $824,000, which
amount was initially capitalized but subsequently written off in the first
quarter of 1996 following the CAFC decision.
In September 1993, JCR received a letter from attorneys representing
Genentech and its licensee, Kabi Pharmacia, claiming that JCR's sale of the
Company's hGH infringed certain Genentech patents and patent applications and
demanding that JCR cease the sale of the Company's hGH in Japan. During 1994,
JCR and BTG filed oppositions to two Genentech patent applications in Japan that
were first published for opposition in the first half of 1994. BTG was informed
in April 1997 that its and JCR's oppositions were denied. During 1997 BTG and
JCR filed oppositions to a third related Genentech patent in Japan and also to a
later filed fourth patent. An additional early Genentech patent was published
for opposition during 1997, and BTG is considering filing an opposition
(deadline June 1998). There can be no assurance that these oppositions will be
successful. Although the Company does not believe that it is infringing or has
ever infringed any valid Genentech patent or patent application, there can be no
assurance that BTG's hGH will not be found to infringe certain Genentech patents
in Japan. If the Company's hGH is found to infringe certain Genentech patents in
Japan, JCR and/or the Company may be obligated to pay damages, and would need to
obtain a license from Genentech in order to continue sales of hGH in Japan.
There can be no assurance that such a license will be granted by Genentech, or
that JCR will not be required to stop selling the Company's hGH in Japan. Sales
of hGH to JCR in 1995, 1996 and 1997 were approximately $9.9 million, $12.9
million and $10.1 million, respectively, representing 46%, 32% and 19%,
respectively, of the Company's total product sales in those periods and 82%, 71%
and 60%, respectively, of the Company's total hGH product sales in those
periods.
During 1991, BTG received notification from the United States Patent Office
Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences (the "Patent Office") of the
declaration of an interference between an issued patent assigned to BTG covering
a method for producing enzymatically active human copper/zinc SOD in bacteria
and a pending application of Chiron which claims an earlier filing date. While
BTG is vigorously defending its patent, it cannot predict the outcome of such
interference. However, should BTG's patent be disallowed and a corresponding
patent be issued to Chiron, BTG's present method of producing enzymatically
active human copper/zinc SOD in bacteria may need to be altered, which may or
may not be possible; alternatively, BTG could seek a license to market under
Chiron's patent, which may or may not be available. Subsequent to the
interference being declared, Chiron was issued a U.S. patent for the bacterially
produced form of recombinant human copper/zinc SOD. BTG is seeking to have the
Patent Office either expand the scope of the existing interference action
-28-
<PAGE>
or declare a separate interference to determine that BTG rather than Chiron
should hold the patent for the bacterially produced form of recombinant human
copper/zinc SOD on the basis that BTG scientists, not Chiron scientists,
invented the method for producing recombinant human copper/zinc SOD in bacteria.
Unless BTG is able to prevail in this effort or to obtain a license from Chiron,
BTG may be unable to commercialize its OxSODrol product in the United States.
This matter is currently under consideration by the Patent Office. In addition,
the Israeli Patent Office has accepted a Chiron patent application covering a
DNA construct having certain specified functions for expression of active
copper/zinc SOD and a method for production of active copper/zinc SOD in a
microorganism harboring this construct. BTG is opposing the grant of this
patent; however, there can be no assurance that this opposition will be
successful. If the opposition is unsuccessful, BTG may be precluded from
manufacturing OxSODrol in Israel. In March 1993, the United States Patent Office
issued a patent exclusively licensed to BTG containing broad claims for the gene
encoding human copper/zinc SOD, related recombinant expression vectors and
genetically engineered cells containing the gene. BTG believes that Chiron could
not commercialize its yeast-produced SOD product in the United States without
infringing this patent. However, the issuance of this patent does not assure
BTG's ability to commercialize its OxSODrol product. See "Item 1. Business --
Products and Applications -- OxSODrol (human superoxide dismutase)."
In September 1991, the Company received a letter from Biogen stating that
it believed that the Company's recombinant surface antigen of the hepatitis-B
virus, which is an active ingredient of the Company's Bio-Hep-B vaccine, or the
Company's intermediates for the process of making such antigen, falls within the
claims of one or more of Biogen's patents and/or patent applications. The
Company also made inquiries of Biogen and SmithKline Beecham (the exclusive
licensee of all of Biogen's hepatitis-B patents except those in Japan)
requesting that the Company be granted a license to the Biogen patents; however,
such efforts were not successful.
In January 1992, BTG-Israel filed an application in the Israeli Patent
Office for a compulsory license to manufacture BTG's Bio-Hep-B vaccine under
Biogen's Israeli patent. In September 1995, the Registrar ruled in an
interlocutory decision that BTG-Israel is entitled to a compulsory license to
the Biogen patent. Biogen's appeal of the interlocutory decision was rejected.
In November 1996, the Registrar set the terms of the license, including
royalties to be paid by BTG to Biogen. Biogen appealed the Registrar's decision
to the District Court of Tel Aviv, Israel, and moved for a stay of the license,
which was granted ex parte pending hearings with both parties. Following
hearings which took place in December 1996, the motion was denied in January
1997; however, the ex parte stay was left in force pending Biogen's appeal to
the Supreme Court and maintained by the Supreme Court pending the decision by
the District Court on the merits of Biogen's appeal. The District Court heard
the appeal in early March 1997, and in June 1997 the District Court denied
Biogen's appeal and subsequent motion for a stay pending Biogen's appeal of the
District Court decision to the Supreme Court on the merits. In March 1998 the
Supreme Court granted Biogen the right to appeal the District Court's decision.
A date has not yet been set for the hearing. In the absence of any action by the
Supreme Court, the compulsory license is now effective and allows BTG-Israel to
produce the vaccine in Israel upon receipt of regulatory approval and to export
the vaccine to countries in which neither Biogen nor others have been granted a
blocking patent. There can be no assurance that the compulsory license will not
be subsequently revoked by the Israeli Patent Office or by a court. If the
compulsory license is revoked, BTG may not be able to manufacture or sell its
Bio-Hep-B vaccine in Israel or to export such product from Israel unless the
Biogen patent expires or is revoked.
In August 1992, Biogen sued BTG-Israel for allegedly infringing its Israeli
patent (which is the subject of the compulsory license) by virtue of its
preparation of BTG's Bio-Hep-B vaccine for use in clinical trials, and applied
for an interlocutory injunction restraining BTG-Israel from continuing research
and development activities and clinical trials. In June 1993, the District Court
of Tel Aviv, Israel denied Biogen's application for an interlocutory injunction
in connection with research and development and clinical trials, but enjoined
BTG-Israel from
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<PAGE>
commercial marketing of its Bio-Hep-B vaccine unless permitted by Biogen or its
exclusive licensee, until a compulsory license is obtained, or until the patent
expires or is revoked. With the grant of the compulsory license, Biogen and BTG
agreed to suspend the infringement suit until a decision is rendered on Biogen's
appeal of the grant of the compulsory license to the Supreme Court. Biogen has
notified the District Court that if the compulsory license is upheld by the
Supreme Court, it will withdraw the infringement suit. If, however, the
infringement proceedings continue, there can be no assurance that the outcome of
these proceedings will be favorable to BTG. An outcome unfavorable to BTG may
adversely affect the ability of BTG to commercialize and market the Bio-Hep-B
vaccine. See "Item 1. Business -- Products and Applications -- Hepatitis-B
Vaccine."
The Company has been advised by Scitech, its Bio-Hep-B licensee in certain
countries in the Far East, that in April 1993 Biogen initiated suit against
Scitech in Singapore asserting that Scitech's conduct of clinical trials in
Singapore with respect to the Company's hepatitis-B vaccine constitutes
infringement of Biogen's patent rights in Singapore and claiming rights in the
data obtained by Scitech through its clinical trials in Singapore and that an
interlocutory hearing was held in September 1993. Scitech notified the Company
that the application for the injunction was dismissed by the High Court in
September 1994, but Biogen has not withdrawn its case against Scitech in
Singapore. Biogen's Singapore patent rights are based on the registration of its
corresponding U.K. patents, and the validity of patents in Singapore depends on
the validity of the corresponding U.K. patents. Biogen's broad U.K. patent (on
which Singapore registration is based) was invalidated by the U.K. Court of
Appeals in October 1994, which decision was upheld by the House of Lords in
October 1996. Biogen is currently attempting to have amended claims allowed.
Additionally, three claims of a narrower U.K. patent were upheld. The Company
believes that none of these claims will affect commercialization of the
Company's vaccine, although there can be no assurance of this. The Company is
aware that certain other patents have been granted or are pending that may
prevent the Company from selling its vaccine in the United States, Europe and
certain other countries. The Company's failure to obtain any needed license, or
a determination that its vaccine infringes the patent rights of Biogen or
others, would substantially limit, if not prohibit, the commercialization of the
Bio-Hep-B vaccine in those countries in which Biogen or others have a patent
until such patent is revoked or expires. The ability of the Company to secure
any necessary licenses or sublicenses to these patents or applications cannot be
predicted.
Three patent applications of Genentech in Israel which cover general
methods relating to genetically engineered products and to human growth hormone
were accepted in 1983 (two) and 1985 (one). BTG is opposing the grant of these
patents. One of these three Israeli applications corresponds to the two U.S.
patents which are the subject of the complaint asserted by Genentech against BTG
in the United States District Court in Delaware (subsequently consolidated with
related proceedings in New York). Additionally, in 1984 an Israeli patent
application of Biogen which relates to expression vectors was accepted; BTG is
opposing the grant of this patent. There can be no assurance that BTG will be
successful in its opposition to the grant of these patents. If BTG is
unsuccessful in its opposition in Israel, then BTG may be unable to manufacture
its products in Israel.
The Company has also initiated proceedings in Israel and Europe to oppose
the grant to several of its competitors of patents relating to vector systems,
and may oppose corresponding patents in other jurisdictions. Although the
outcome of these proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty and will likely
not be determined for several years, the Company believes that the outcome will
be favorable, although there can be no assurance of this. The Company is aware
of patent applications filed by, or patents issued to, other entities with
respect to technology potentially useful to the Company and, in some cases,
related to products and processes being developed by the Company. The Company
cannot presently assess the effect, if any, that these patents may have on its
operations. The extent to which efforts by other researchers have or will result
in patents and the extent to which the issuance of patents to others would have
a materially adverse effect on the Company or would force the
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<PAGE>
Company to obtain licenses from others are currently unknown. See "Item 1.
Business--Risk Factors--Uncertainty of Protection of Patents and Proprietary
Rights."
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
None
-31-
<PAGE>
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED
STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The Company's common stock is quoted on the National Association of
Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System ("Nasdaq") National Market under
the symbol BTGC. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the
high and low sale prices per share of the Company's common stock from January 1,
1996 through December 31, 1997 as reported by the Nasdaq National Market.
High Low
---- ---
1996
----
First Quarter............................ $ 9.13 $ 4.50
Second Quarter........................... 8.69 5.00
Third Quarter............................ 9.69 6.44
Fourth Quarter........................... 13.25 6.31
1997
----
First Quarter............................ 17.75 11.88
Second Quarter........................... 16.50 11.88
Third Quarter............................ 15.62 9.81
Fourth Quarter........................... 15.37 10.62
The number of stockholders of record of the Company's common stock on March
16, 1998 was approximately 1,700.
The Company's warrants to purchase common stock at a purchase price of
$5.49 per share are quoted on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol BTGCL.
See Note 4 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Company has never declared or paid a cash dividend on its common stock,
and it is not expected that cash dividends will be paid to the holders of common
stock in the foreseeable future.
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<PAGE>
ITEM 6. SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
(IN THOUSANDS EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
For the year ended December 31,
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1993(1)(2) 1994(3) 1995(2)(4) 1996(5) 1997
------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Total revenues ...................................... $ 13,867 $ 17,440 $27,960 $47,738 $65,335
Total expenses ...................................... 36,692 26,359 24,544 36,798 44,152
Extraordinary gain .................................. -- 1,500 1,363 -- --
Net income (loss) ................................... (22,825) (7,419) 4,779 22,915 14,478
Extraordinary gain per share ........................ -- 0.04 0.03 -- --
Net income (loss) per share:(6)
Basic ............................................. (0.63) (0.19) 0.11 0.52 0.31
Diluted ........................................... -- -- 0.11 0.47 0.28
Weighted average shares
outstanding:(6)
Basic ............................................... 36,180 38,725 43,174 44,195 46,767
Diluted ............................................. -- -- 43,784 48,259 51,916
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
As of December 31,
--------------------------------------------------------
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
--------------------------------------------------------
BALANCE SHEET DATA:
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Working capital................................ $ 12,274 $ 13,652 $ 15,309 $ 40,626 $ 68,271
Total assets................................... 31,086 32,340 33,679 73,575 95,413
Long-term liabilities.......................... 3,648 1,389 3,641 3,927 3,975
Stockholders' equity........................... 20,082 23,182 25,689 60,558 82,858
</TABLE>
- ----------
(1) In 1993, the Company merged with Gynex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ("Gynex") in a
transaction accounted for as a pooling of interests. In addition, the
Company recorded merger expenses of $1.4 million in 1993.
(2) In 1995, BTG terminated its research and development financing arrangement
with Bio-Cardia Corporation ("Bio-Cardia"), entered into in December 1993,
pursuant to which BTG had licensed rights to certain products to Bio-Cardia
and Bio-Cardia had engaged BTG to perform research and development services
with respect to such products. In connection with the termination of the
relationship, BTG reacquired all rights licensed to Bio-Cardia. The
relationship with Bio-Cardia had a significant effect on the Company's
financial results in 1993 and 1995, as follows: (i) expenses in 1993
include a non-cash charge of $10,241,000 resulting from the write-off of
the aggregate value of warrants to purchase the Company's common stock (the
"Bio-Cardia Warrants") issued by BTG in connection with the financing with
Bio-Cardia; (ii) revenues in 1995 include $3,004,000 of research and
development revenues under collaborative agreements resulting from the
receipt by the Company of Bio-Cardia Warrants to purchase 2,670,000 shares
of the Company's common stock obtained by Bio-Cardia from its defaulted
stockholders in partial satisfaction of amounts owed by Bio-Cardia to BTG
for research and development; and (iii) expenses in 1995 include research
and development financing expenses of $806,000, representing the net funds
provided to Bio-Cardia by BTG in respect of an exchange offer and the
deferred revenues received from Bio-Cardia prior to such exchange offer.
See "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations --
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<PAGE>
Financing with Bio-Cardia Corporation" and Note 13 of Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements.
(3) Net loss and net loss per share include an extraordinary gain of $1,500,000
and $0.04, respectively, resulting from the early extinguishment of debt
incurred in connection with BTG's reacquisition of human growth hormone
marketing rights for Europe.
(4) Net income and net income per share include an extraordinary gain of
$1,363,000 and $0.03, respectively, resulting from the early extinguishment
of debt incurred in connection with BTG's reacquisition of human growth
hormone marketing rights for the United States. See "Item 7. Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations --
Liquidity and Capital Resources" and Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements.
(5) Expenses include a write-off of $1,383,000 of previously capitalized legal
fees and market launch preparation costs relating to the Company's human
growth hormone product in the United States. See "Item 3. Legal
Proceedings." In 1996, the Company reduced the valuation allowance recorded
against its deferred income tax assets by $18,587,000, which resulted in an
$11,975,000, or $0.24 per share, increase in net income. See Note 11 of
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
(6) The share and per share information for the years ended December 31, 1993,
1994, 1995 and 1996 have been restated to reflect share and per share
information in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
No. 128, "Earnings per Share," which was required to be adopted by the
Company effective with its financial statements for the year ended December
31, 1997. See Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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<PAGE>
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K concerning the Company's
business outlook or future economic performance; anticipated profitability,
revenues, expenses or other financial items; introductions and advancements in
development of products, and plans and objectives related thereto; and
statements concerning assumptions made or expectations as to any future events,
conditions, performance or other matters, are "forward-looking statements" as
that term is defined under the Federal Securities Laws. Forward-looking
statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that could
cause actual results to differ materially from those stated in such statements.
Such risks, uncertainties and factors include, but are not limited to, changes
and delays in product development plans and schedules, changes and delays in
product approval and introduction, customer acceptance of new products, changes
in pricing or other actions by competitors, patents owned by the Company and its
competitors, changes in healthcare reimbursement, risk of operations in Israel,
risk of product liability, governmental regulation, dependence on third parties
to manufacture products and commercialize products and general economic
conditions, as well as other risks detailed in the Company's filings with the
Securities and Exchange Commission, including this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
See "Item 1. Business--Risk Factors."
OVERVIEW
The Company is engaged in the research, development, manufacture and
marketing of biopharmaceutical products. Through a combination of internal
research and development, acquisitions, collaborative relationships and
licensing arrangements, BTG has developed a portfolio of therapeutic products,
including five products that have received regulatory approval for sale, of
which four are currently being marketed, four products that are in clinical
trials and three products that are in pre-clinical development. The Company
seeks both broad markets for its products as well as specialized markets where
it can seek Orphan Drug status and potential marketing exclusivity.
The Company was founded in 1980 to develop, manufacture and market novel
therapeutic products. The Company's overall administration, licensing, human
clinical studies, marketing activities, quality assurance and regulatory affairs
are primarily coordinated at the Company's headquarters in Iselin, New Jersey.
Pre-clinical studies, research and development activities and manufacturing of
the Company's genetically engineered products are primarily carried out through
its wholly owned subsidiary in Rehovot, Israel.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth for the fiscal periods indicated the
percentage of revenues represented by certain items reflected on the Company's
statement of operations.
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<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year ended December 31,
-----------------------
1995 1996 1997
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues:
Product sales...................................... 76.6% 84.6% 82.2%
Contract fees...................................... 2.1 10.2 12.8
Research and development revenues under
collaborative agreements......................... 14.5 -- --
Other revenues..................................... 4.0 2.9 2.3
Interest income.................................... 2.8 2.3 2.7
---- ---- ----
Total revenues.............................. 100% 100% 100%
==== ==== ====
Expenses:
Research and development........................... 39.1% 26.0% 24.4%
Cost of product sales.............................. 14.0 15.2 13.0
General and administrative......................... 23.0 15.7 13.0
Marketing and sales................................ 5.6 12.8 14.2
Commissions and royalties.......................... 2.6 4.2 2.5
Other expense...................................... 3.5 3.2 0.4
---- ---- ----
Total expenses.............................. 87.8 77.1 67.5
---- ---- ----
Income before income taxes and
extraordinary gain............................... 12.2 22.9 32.5
Income tax benefit (expense)......................... -- 25.1 (10.3)
---- ---- ----
Income before extraordinary gain..................... 12.2 48.0 22.2
Extraordinary gain................................... 4.9 -- --
---- ---- ----
Net income........................................... 17.1% 48.0% 22.2%
==== ==== ====
</TABLE>
The Company has historically derived its revenues from product sales as
well as from collaborative arrangements with third parties, under which the
Company may earn up-front contract fees, may receive funding for additional
research (including funding from the Chief Scientist of the State of Israel
("Chief Scientist")), is reimbursed for producing certain experimental
materials, may be entitled to certain milestone payments, may sell product at
specified prices and may receive royalties on sales of product. The Company
anticipates that product sales will constitute the majority of its revenues in
the future. Revenues have in the past displayed and will in the immediate future
continue to display significant variations due to changes in demand for its
products, new product introductions by the Company and its competitors, the
obtaining of new research and development contracts and licensing arrangements,
the completion or termination of such contracts and arrangements, the timing and
amounts of milestone payments, and the timing of regulatory approvals of
products.
The following table summarizes the Company's sales of its commercialized
products as a percentage of total product sales for the periods indicated:
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<PAGE>
Year ended December 31,
--------------------------------
1995 1996 1997
---- ---- ----
Oxandrin ............................. 14% 37% 52%
Bio-Tropin ........................... 56 45 31
BioLon ............................... 18 12 13
Other ................................ 12 6 4
--- --- ---
Total .................. 100% 100% 100%
=== === ===
The Company believes that its product mix will change significantly as it
continues to focus on: (i) increasing market penetration of its existing
products; (ii) expanding into new markets; and (iii) commercializing additional
products.
The following table summarizes the Company's United States and
international product sales as a percentage of total product sales for the
periods indicated:
Year ended December 31,
----------------------------------
1995 1996 1997
---- ---- ----
United States ..................... 20% 39% 54%
International ..................... 80 61 46
--- --- ---
Total ........................ 100% 100% 100%
=== === ===
The Company's product mix on a percentage basis has shifted significantly since
the Company became profitable in 1995 as Oxandrin sales have outpaced sales
growth of other products. Domestic sales have also increased as a percentage of
total product sales due to the introduction of Oxandrin in the United States in
December 1995.
Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995
Revenues. Revenues increased 37% in 1997 to $65,335,000 from $47,738,000 in
1996, which itself represented a 71% increase over 1995 revenues of $27,960,000.
Product sales increased by 33% in 1997 to $53,723,000 from $40,356,000 in 1996,
following an 88% increase in 1996 from $21,428,000 in 1995. The increase in
product sales in each period was primarily driven by increased sales of Oxandrin
in the United States. Oxandrin accounted for approximately 85% and 64% of the
increase in product sales in 1997 and 1996, respectively. The increase in
Oxandrin sales resulted primarily from the Company's increased marketing
efforts, growing awareness of the product and the relatively small sales base in
the comparable prior periods, as the product had just been introduced by BTG in
December 1995. Although sales of human growth hormone ("hGH") accounted for
approximately 32% of the increase in product sales in 1996, product sales of hGH
decreased 8% in 1997, primarily due to the timing of orders of bulk hGH by JCR
Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. ("JCR"), the Company's licensee in Japan, in 1996 and
1997.
Sales of Oxandrin in 1997, 1996 and 1995 were approximately $27,904,000,
$15,098,000 and $2,992,000, respectively, representing 52%, 37% and 14%,
respectively, of the Company's total product sales in those periods. Sales of
hGH in 1997, 1996 and 1995 were approximately $16,745,000, $18,218,000 and
$12,074,000, respectively, representing 31%, 45% and 56%, respectively, of the
Company's total product sales in those periods. Sales of hGH to JCR in 1997,
1996 and 1995 were approximately $10,095,000, $12,906,000 and $9,853,000,
respectively, representing 19%, 32% and 46%, respectively, of the Company's
total product sales in those periods and 60%, 71% and 82%, respectively, of the
Company's total hGH sales in those periods. The decrease in sales to JCR in 1997
was principally the result of timing of orders of bulk hGH by JCR. Sales of hGH
to the Ferring Group, which began marketing the Company's hGH in the fourth
quarter of 1994, were approximately $4,520,000, $3,162,000 and
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$571,000 in 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively, representing 8%, 8% and 3%,
respectively, of the Company's total product sales in those periods and 27%, 17%
and 5%, respectively, of the Company's total hGH sales in those periods.
For the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, contract fees, which
consist of licensing and option to license fees, amounting to $8,369,000,
$4,887,000 and $591,000, or 13%, 10% and 2%, respectively, of total revenues,
were earned from certain of the Company's collaborative partners. Of the
contract fees earned in 1997, $3,000,000 represents an initial licensing fee
received in connection with the licensing of worldwide distribution rights
(other than the United States, Canada, Israel and Japan) for the Company's
superoxide dismutase ("SOD") product for bronchopulmonary dysplasia and other
respiratory indications to Ares Trading S.A. ("Serono"), $1,500,000 represents
fees from the grant to Scitech Medical Products, Pte. Ltd. of a license to use
BTG's technical information to establish a manufacturing facility for Bio-Hep-B
and $3,000,000 represents fees from the grant of an exclusive right to a third
party to evaluate one of the Company's products under development. This third
party subsequently determined not to pursue a license of the product for reasons
that the Company believes do not relate to the safety and efficacy of the
product. Of the contract fees earned in 1996, $2,500,000 was earned in respect
of Silkis, of which $2,000,000 was earned in respect of a fee paid in lieu of
royalties in connection with termination of a European sublicense and $500,000
was earned in connection with the license of distribution rights in the United
States, $500,000 was earned in respect of the license of marketing rights of
BioLon in Japan, $400,000 was earned in respect of the license of marketing
rights of SOD in Japan, and $1,000,000 represents a one-time payment by a
third-party for the exclusive right to evaluate one of the Company's products
under development. This third-party subsequently determined not to pursue a
license of the product for reasons that the Company believes do not relate to
the safety and efficacy of the product. Of the contract fees earned in 1995,
$345,000 was earned in respect of the license of marketing rights of hGH in
Latin America and the Far East and $245,000 in respect of BioLon in Latin
America and Europe.
For the year ended December 31, 1995, research and development revenues
under collaborative agreements, which consist of research funding (other than
funding from the Chief Scientist), amounted to $4,041,000, or 14.5% of total
revenues. The Company did not have research and development revenues under
collaborative agreements in 1996 or 1997. Research and development revenues
under collaborative agreements earned in 1995 include $3,486,000 received from
Bio-Cardia Corporation ("Bio-Cardia"), representing approximately 86.3% of such
revenues in the respective period. Of the amounts received from Bio-Cardia in
1995, $3,004,000, or 86%, represented the value of the Bio-Cardia Warrants
received by BTG from Bio-Cardia. See "--Financing with Bio-Cardia Corporation"
and Note 13 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Funding from the
Chief Scientist represented 99%, 98% and 99% of other revenues in the years
ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. Interest income was
$1,719,000, $1,105,000 and $787,000 for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996
and 1995, respectively. The increase in interest income in 1997 was derived
primarily from an increase in cash balances resulting from option and warrant
exercises and cash flow from operations in 1997. The increase in interest income
in 1996 is mainly due to an increase in cash balances resulting from $5,254,000
and $3,401,000 received from the exercise of stock options and warrants,
respectively, increased product sales and better cash management.
Research and Development Expense. Expenditures for research and development
were $15,946,000, $12,431,000 and $10,935,000 for the years ended December 31,
1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. The increase in research and development
expenditures in 1997 was primarily attributable to expenses associated with the
Company's Phase III clinical trials, principally for OxSODrol and new dosage
formulations for Oxandrin, and post-approval Phase IV clinical studies to
provide additional clinical support for the use of Oxandrin to treat
disease-related weight loss conditions other than AIDS-related weight loss. The
increase in research and development expenditures in 1996 was primarily due to
an increase in expenses and headcount associated with the clinical studies
conducted by the Company. In 1995, the
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Company changed the focus of its activities from research and development toward
the Company's commercialized products and those that are nearing
commercialization and away from early stage research and development activities.
Research and development expenses in 1995 include expenditures of approximately
$4,467,000 for research and development conducted on behalf of Bio-Cardia
pursuant to a research and development agreement. However, Bio-Cardia was only
able to reimburse BTG $3,486,000 (of which $3,004,000 was the value of the
Bio-Cardia Warrants returned to BTG) of these expenses in 1995. The Company
subsequently re-acquired all rights to the products for which it performed
research and development activities on behalf of Bio-Cardia, and continues to
pursue those products. See "--Financing with Bio-Cardia Corporation."
Cost of Product Sales. Cost of product sales was $8,493,000, $7,264,000 and
$3,913,000 in the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively.
The increase in each year was primarily attributable to increased product sales.
Cost of product sales as a percentage of product sales was 16%, 18% and 18% in
1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. The decrease in 1997 was primarily due to
increased sales of Oxandrin as a percentage of total product sales and technical
improvements to the manufacturing process which reduced BTG's cost of
manufacturing certain of its products. Oxandrin has a relatively low cost of
manufacture as a percentage of product sales, while BioLon has the highest cost
to manufacture as a percentage of product sales. Cost of product sales as a
percentage of product sales varies from year to year and quarter to quarter
depending on the quantity and mix of products sold.
General and Administrative Expense. General and administrative expense was
$8,509,000, $7,458,000 and $6,420,000 in the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996
and 1995, respectively. The increases in 1997 and 1996 were primarily due to an
increase in salaries and expenses associated with public relations.
Marketing and Sales Expense. Marketing and sales expense was $9,290,000,
$6,107,000 and $1,585,000 in the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995,
respectively. These expenses primarily related to the sales and marketing force
in the United States that the Company established principally in the second half
of 1995 and during 1996 to promote distribution of Oxandrin in the United
States. The increase in each year was primarily due to additional marketing and
sales expenses, primarily resulting from increased personnel and increased
advertising, promotional and market research activities, arising from the growth
of the Company's product sales.
Other Expense. In 1996, the Company wrote off $1,383,000 of capitalized
expenses relating to human growth hormone as a result of the affirmation by the
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit of a preliminary
injunction obtained by Genentech prohibiting the Company from marketing its
human growth hormone in the United States. The write-off consisted of legal
costs related to the litigation with Genentech and hGH launch preparation costs
in the United States. The remainder of other expense consisted of interest and
finance charges, commissions and royalties (which consist primarily of royalties
to entities from which the Company licensed certain of its products and to the
Chief Scientist) and, in 1995, $806,000 of research and development financing
relating to Bio-Cardia. See "--Liquidity and Capital Resources" and "--Financing
with Bio-Cardia Corporation."
Income Taxes. Provision for income taxes for the year ended December 31,
1997 was $6,705,000, representing approximately 31.7% of income before income
taxes. The Company's consolidated tax rate differs from the statutory rate
because of Israeli tax benefits, research and experimental tax credits, state
and local taxes and similar items that reduce the tax rate. In 1996, management
determined that it had become more likely than not that the Company would
realize its net deferred tax assets (other than approximately $4,096,000) and
BTG therefore reduced the valuation allowance by approximately $18,587,000. The
determination that the net tax asset was realizable was based on 1996 being
BTG's first full year of profitability in each quarter, and the performance and
penetration of Oxandrin, which was first introduced in December 1995. The
Company's reversal of the valuation allowance against its
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net deferred tax assets resulted in a realization of income tax benefit of
approximately $11,975,000, net of income tax expense, in 1996.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The Company's working capital at December 31, 1997, was $68,271,000 as
compared to $40,626,000 at December 31, 1996.
The cash flows of the Company have fluctuated significantly due to the
impact of net income and losses, capital spending, working capital requirements,
the issuance of common stock and other financing activities. The Company expects
that cash flow in the near future will be primarily determined by the levels of
net income, working capital requirements, and financings, if any, undertaken by
the Company. Net cash increased (decreased) by $2,324,000, $119,000, and
$(10,005,000) in the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively.
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities was $14,142,000,
$4,246,000 and $(1,359,000) in the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995,
respectively. Net income was $14,478,000, $22,915,000, and $4,779,000 in the
same periods, respectively. In 1997, net income and net cash provided by
operating activities were approximately the same, as income taxes of $6,297,000,
depreciation and amortization of $2,636,000 and increase in other current
liabilities of $1,494,000 were completely offset by a $9,267,000 increase in
receivables and a $1,713,000 decrease in accounts payable. In 1996, net cash
provided by operating activities was substantially less than net income,
primarily because of a non-cash deferred income tax benefit of $12,435,000 and
an increase in receivables and inventory of $11,926,000 and $3,210,000,
respectively, resulting from increased product sales, partially offset by an
increase in current liabilities of $4,676,000, depreciation and amortization of
$2,745,000 and a write-off of capitalized expenses of $1,383,000. In 1995, net
cash was used in operating activities despite net income primarily because net
income included $4,367,000 of non-cash revenues resulting from the Company's
receipt of the Bio-Cardia Warrants ($3,004,000) and an extraordinary gain
resulting from debt forgiveness ($1,363,000) and an increase in receivables of
$3,621,000, partially offset by depreciation and amortization of $2,622,000.
Net cash used in investing activities was $17,672,000, $12,759,000 and
$7,738,000 in the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively.
Net cash used in investing activities included capital expenditures of
$3,134,000, $2,945,000 and $1,354,000 in these periods, respectively, primarily
for laboratory and manufacturing equipment. The remainder of the net cash used
in investing activities was primarily for purchases and sales of short-term
investments.
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities was $5,854,000,
$8,632,000 and $(908,000) in the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995,
respectively. Cash flows from financing activities were primarily affected by
net proceeds from issuances of common stock of $5,872,000, $8,655,000 and
$121,000 in these periods, respectively. Net proceeds from the sale of common
stock result from option and warrant exercises. In 1995, the Company repaid
long-term debt of $1,000,000 to its prior human growth hormone licensees.
BTG does not currently have any material commitments for capital
expenditures.
The Company maintains its funds in money market funds, commercial paper and
other liquid debt instruments. BTG's investment policy is to preserve principal
and to avoid risk. See Notes 1c and 1d of Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements.
BTG manages its Israeli operations with the objective of protecting against
any material net financial loss in U.S. dollars from the impact of Israeli
inflation and currency devaluations on its non-U.S. dollar assets and
liabilities. The Bank of Israel's monetary policy has been to manage the
exchange rate while allowing the Consumer Price Index to rise by approximately
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8% in 1995, 11% in 1996 and 7% in 1997. For those expenses linked to the Israeli
Shekel, such as salaries and rent, this has resulted in corresponding increases
in these costs in U.S. dollars. In 1995, 1996 and 1997, the Shekel was devalued
by approximately 4%, 4% and 9%, respectively, against the U.S. dollar. Because
of the insignificant devaluation of the Shekel against the U.S. dollar in 1995
and 1996 despite the annual rate of increase in the Consumer Price Index, BTG's
costs of local goods and services, to the extent linked in whole or in part to
the Consumer Price Index, increased in U.S. dollar terms. To the extent that
expenses in Shekels exceed BTG's revenues in Shekels (which to date have
consisted primarily of research funding from the Chief Scientist and product
sales in Israel), the devaluations of Israeli currency have been and will
continue to be a benefit to BTG's financial condition. However, should BTG's
revenues in Shekels exceed its expenses in Shekels in any material respect, the
devaluation of the Shekel will adversely affect BTG's financial condition.
Further, to the extent the devaluation of the Shekel with respect to the U.S.
dollar does not substantially offset the increase in the costs of local goods
and services in Israel, BTG's financial results will be adversely affected as
local expenses measured in U.S. dollars will increase. There can be no assurance
that the government of Israel will continue to devalue the Shekel from time to
time to offset the effects of inflation in Israel.
In June 1991, the Company concluded an agreement with The Du Pont Merck
Pharmaceutical Company ("Du Pont Merck") pursuant to which it reacquired all the
rights relating to the Company's hGH that had been licensed by BTG to E.I. Du
Pont De Nemours and Company, Inc., together with all rights to all data
generated in pharmacological, toxicological and clinical studies and encompassed
in the Investigational New Drug Application ("IND") and New Drug Application
("NDA") files then pending with the United States Food and Drug Administration
("FDA") for the treatment of human growth hormone deficient children. The
Company issued to Du Pont Merck 275,000 shares of common stock, which the
Company subsequently registered for resale by Du Pont Merck and which Du Pont
Merck sold. In addition, the Company agreed to pay Du Pont Merck royalties on
net sales of hGH, including a minimum royalty of $2,000,000 (using a 10% 1991
present value). In 1995, the Company paid Du Pont Merck $1,000,000 in full
satisfaction of its royalty obligation to Du Pont Merck. As a result, the
Company recorded an extraordinary gain of approximately $1,363,000 in 1995.
At December 31, 1997, intangibles, net, consist of (i) $1,732,000 (net of
amortization) relating to the purchase of all rights to hGH previously licensed
to Du Pont Merck, together with all rights to all data generated in
pharmacological, toxicological and clinical studies and encompassed in the IND
and NDA files then pending with the FDA for the treatment of human growth
hormone-deficient children, and (ii) $858,000 (net of amortization) relating to
the reacquisition of all rights to human growth hormone licensed to SmithKline
Beecham Intercredit B.V.
The Company believes that its remaining cash resources as of December 31,
1997, together with anticipated product sales, scheduled payments to be made to
BTG under its current agreements with pharmaceutical partners and third parties
and continued funding from the Chief Scientist at current levels, will be
sufficient to fund the Company's ongoing operations for the foreseeable future.
There can, however, be no assurance that product sales will occur as
anticipated, that scheduled payments will be made by third parties, that current
agreements will not be canceled, that the Chief Scientist will continue to
provide funding at current levels, or that unanticipated events requiring the
expenditure of funds will not occur. The satisfaction of the Company's future
cash requirements will depend in large part on the status of commercialization
of the Company's products, the Company's ability to enter into additional
research and development and licensing arrangements, and the Company's ability
to obtain additional equity investments, if necessary. There can be no assurance
that the Company will be able to obtain additional funds or, if such funds are
available, that such funding will be on favorable terms. The Company continues
to seek additional collaborative research and development and licensing
arrangements, in order to provide revenue from sales of certain products and
funding for a portion of the research and development expenses relating to the
products covered, although there can be no assurance that the Company will
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be able to obtain such agreements. See "Item 1. Business--Risk Factors --Capital
Needs" and "--Historical Operating Losses".
YEAR 2000 COMPLIANCE
The Company is currently in the process of identifying, evaluating and
implementing changes to computer programs necessary to address the year 2000
issue. This issue affects computer systems that have date sensitive programs
that may not properly recognize the year 2000. Systems that do not properly
recognize such information could generate erroneous data or cause a system to
fail, resulting in business interruption. The Company does not believe the cost
of converting all internal systems to be year 2000 compliant will be material to
its financial condition or results of operations. Costs related to the year 2000
issue are being expensed as incurred.
The year 2000 issue is expected to affect the systems of various entities
with which the Company interacts, including BTG's marketing partners, suppliers
and vendors. However, there can be no assurance that the systems of other
companies on which the Company's systems rely will be timely converted, or that
a failure by another company's systems to be year 2000 compliant would not have
a material adverse effect on the Company.
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
In June 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 130, "Reporting
Comprehensive Income," which establishes standards for reporting and display of
comprehensive income and its components (revenue, expenses, gains, and losses)
in a full set of general purpose financial statements. The Company will adopt
SFAS No. 130 in the first quarter of 1998.
FINANCING WITH BIO-CARDIA CORPORATION
In 1995, BTG terminated its research and development financing arrangement
with Bio-Cardia, entered into in December 1993, pursuant to which BTG licensed
rights to certain products to Bio-Cardia and Bio-Cardia had engaged BTG to
perform research and development services with respect to such products. In
connection with the termination of the relationship, BTG reacquired all rights
licensed to Bio-Cardia. The relationship with Bio-Cardia had a significant
effect on the Company's financial results in 1993 and 1995, as discussed below.
On December 31, 1993, the Company and Bio-Cardia completed a private
placement of 375 units (the "Financing"), each unit ("Unit") consisting of four
shares of common stock of Bio-Cardia and Bio-Cardia Warrants to purchase 15,000
shares of the Company's common stock. The Bio-Cardia Warrants are exercisable at
any time on or prior to December 31, 1998 at an exercise price of $5.49 per
share. The purchase price per Unit was $100,000, of which $15,000 was paid at
the closing, with the remainder paid with a promissory note ("Investor Note")
due in five installments over a period of three years. All of the cash proceeds
of the Financing were to be received by Bio-Cardia. In consideration of the Bio-
Cardia Warrants included in the Units, the Company received from each purchaser
of Units an option (the "Stock Purchase Option"), exercisable at any time on or
prior to December 31, 1997, to purchase the Bio-Cardia stock at a purchase price
beginning at 125% and increasing over time to 200% of the cash paid to
Bio-Cardia at the closing of the Financing and in respect of the Investor Note,
with any amounts then outstanding under the Investor Note being canceled. Such
purchase price could be paid in cash, shares of the Company's common stock or
both, at the Company's discretion. In connection with the closing of the
Financing, the Company had licensed to Bio-Cardia the right to pursue (i) the
worldwide development and commercialization of the Company's Imagex, Bio-Flow,
Factorex and Bio-Lase products for all cardiovascular indications, the Company's
OxSODrol product for the inhibition of reocclusion of coronary arteries during
and after thrombolysis or angioplasty or in cases of unstable angina, and for
the prevention of restenosis, and the Company's OxSODrol product for the
treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in pre-
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mature infants and (ii) the development and commercialization of the Company's
sodium hyaluronate-based products for ophthalmic applications in the United
States and Japan to protect the corneal endothelium during intraocular surgery
and other pharmaceutical applications where a shock-absorbing and lubricating
material compatible with the human body is required. The Company conducted
research, development and clinical testing of these products on behalf of
Bio-Cardia, had the exclusive option, during the period the Stock Purchase
Option was outstanding with respect to each product, to commercialize, directly
or through others, such product, and was obligated to supply Bio-Cardia with all
its requirements for such products.
In connection with the Financing, on December 31, 1993, the Company issued
Bio-Cardia Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 6,206,250 shares of common
stock, consisting of (i) the 5,625,000 Bio-Cardia Warrants issued to investors
in Bio-Cardia in consideration of their grant of the Stock Purchase Option to
the Company; (ii) the 562,500 Bio-Cardia Warrants issued to D. Blech & Company,
Incorporated, the placement agent in the Financing; and (iii) the 18,750
Bio-Cardia Warrants issued to the directors of Bio-Cardia. In 1993 the Company
expensed $10,241,000, equal to the aggregate value of the Bio-Cardia Warrants as
determined by an independent investment banking firm, representing (i) the
uncertain realizability of the value of such Stock Purchase Option; (ii) the
Company's expenses of the Financing; and (iii) director compensation expense,
respectively.
Bio-Cardia and the Company had originally budgeted approximately
$32,000,000 of the net proceeds of the Financing (less if the Stock Purchase
Option was exercised prior to January 1, 1997) to fund development and
commercialization of the products licensed to Bio-Cardia over a period of four
years and to reimburse the Company for previously incurred research and
development expenses. However, holders of 221 Units failed to make the required
July 1, 1994 payment of $10,000 per Unit, which resulted in Bio-Cardia being
unable to pay approximately $1,540,000 of the $3,250,000 in reimbursement of
previously incurred research and development expenses and approximately $500,000
of the $1,521,000 of development costs due the Company during the three months
ended September 30, 1994 under a research and development agreement between the
Company and Bio-Cardia pursuant to which the Company performed research and
development services on behalf of Bio-Cardia in respect of the products licensed
to Bio-Cardia (the "R&D Agreement"). In October 1994, Bio-Cardia reached
settlements with certain of the defaulting stockholders, holding an aggregate of
178 Units, who surrendered to Bio-Cardia their Bio-Cardia stock and Bio-Cardia
Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 2,670,000 shares of the Company's common
stock (the "Surrendered Warrants") in exchange for a release from their future
funding obligations to Bio-Cardia. The net effect of this settlement was to
reduce the funding expected by Bio-Cardia by approximately $14,240,000. In
addition, Bio-Cardia commenced legal action against the remaining defaulting
stockholders, holding an aggregate of 43 Units, who owed an aggregate of
$3,440,000, which actions were settled during 1995 without the payment (in the
case of holders of 40 Units) or recovery by Bio-Cardia of any monies.
Accordingly, Bio-Cardia was not in a position to fund the up to $32,000,000
research and development program originally contemplated by Bio-Cardia and the
Company. The Company did not recognize as revenues the amounts due from
Bio-Cardia during the second half of 1994 or during 1995 because of the
uncertain realizability of such amounts.
The Company funded a revised research and development budget for 1995. In
addition, in May 1995, Bio-Cardia, with the Company's consent, completed an
exchange offer with all those Bio-Cardia stockholders who were not in default
under their Investor Note, who held an aggregate of 157 Units, including holders
of three Units against whom Bio-Cardia commenced litigation (the "Exchange
Offer"). Under the terms of the Exchange Offer, Bio-Cardia exchanged $4,250 in
cash (together with interest on $2,500 from the date Bio-Cardia received such
funds) and forgiveness of $17,500 principal amount of the Investor Note
remaining outstanding for each one share of Bio-Cardia common stock and an
unconditional release. In addition, Bio-Cardia agreed that if by December 15,
1995 neither (i) the average daily price of the Company's common stock for any
20 trading days in a 30 consecutive trading day period
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exceeds $3.50 nor (ii) the best closing bid price of the Bio-Cardia Warrants
exceeds $1.10 during any 20 trading days, then Bio-Cardia would distribute to
the Bio-Cardia stockholders accepting the Exchange Offer some or all of the
Surrendered Warrants such that, in the aggregate, the 15,000 Bio-Cardia Warrants
issued in the Financing in each Unit, together with the Surrendered Warrants
distributed by Bio- Cardia, have a value of $16,500 as determined using the
Black Scholes option-pricing formula using an assumption of no dividends and a
volatility of 70%. At September 27, 1995, the best closing bid price of the
Bio-Cardia Warrants had exceeded $1.10 for 20 trading days and, as a result,
Bio-Cardia's obligation to distribute the Surrendered Warrants expired.
At December 29, 1995, there was due to the Company from Bio-Cardia in
excess of $7,000,000 for research and development performed by the Company on
behalf of Bio-Cardia during 1994 and 1995 and for product purchases and advances
for general and administrative expenses, which amounts had not been recognized
as revenue by the Company because of the uncertain realizability of such amounts
for the reasons set forth above. On December 29, 1995, Bio-Cardia transferred to
BTG its interest in the Surrendered Warrants, the technology previously licensed
to Bio-Cardia by the Company and the improvements to such technology resulting
from the research and development conducted by the Company on behalf of
Bio-Cardia in partial satisfaction of amounts owed to the Company by Bio-Cardia.
As a result, the Company recognized research and development revenues under
collaborative agreements of $3,004,000, representing the product determined by
multiplying the Surrendered Warrants by $1.125, the closing bid price of the
Bio-Cardia Warrants on September 27, 1995, the date Bio-Cardia ceased to be
obligated to distribute any portion of the Surrendered Warrants under certain
circumstances as set forth in the immediately preceding paragraph.
In 1995, the Company expensed $806,000 as research and development
financing relating to Bio-Cardia, representing the net funds provided to
Bio-Cardia following Bio-Cardia's default under its agreements with the
Company. The net funding provided to Bio-Cardia consisted of: (i) $1,710,000
received from Bio-Cardia in 1994 but not recognized as revenues, which amount
was included in other current liabilities on the December 31, 1994 balance sheet
and was returned to Bio-Cardia by BTG to fund the Exchange Offer discussed
above; (ii) $210,000 received from Bio-Cardia in 1995, prior to the Exchange
Offer, but not recognized as revenues and returned to Bio-Cardia by the Company
to fund the Exchange Offer discussed above; and (iii) $2,726,000 provided to
Bio-Cardia to fund the Exchange Offer discussed above (including the $1,920,000
referred to in (i) and (ii) above).
-44-
<PAGE>
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
Page
Report of Independent Public Accountants...........................46
Consolidated Financial Statements:
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of
December 31, 1996 and 1997.........................................47
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the
years ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997.......................48
Consolidated Statements of Changes in
Stockholders' Equity for the years
ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997.............................49
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for
the years ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997...................50
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.........................51
-45-
<PAGE>
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Bio-Technology General Corp.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Bio-Technology
General Corp. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries as of December 31, 1996
and 1997, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in
stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period
ended December 31, 1997. These financial statements are the responsibility of
the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in
all material respects, the financial position of Bio-Technology General Corp.
and subsidiaries as of December 31, 1996 and 1997, and the results of their
operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 1997 in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
ARTHUR ANDERSEN LLP
New York, New York
February 26, 1998
-46-
<PAGE>
BIO-TECHNOLOGY GENERAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share data)
December 31,
----------------------
1996 1997
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents ........................... $ 7,005 $ 9,329
Short-term investments .............................. 12,760 26,178
Accounts receivable ................................. 18,273 27,540
Inventories ......................................... 5,328 5,401
Deferred income taxes (Note 11) ..................... 6,000 8,000
Prepaid expenses and other current assets ........... 350 403
--------- ---------
Total current assets ......................... 49,716 76,851
Deferred income taxes (Note 11) ..................... 9,379 2,148
Severance pay funded (Note 2) ....................... 2,318 2,435
Property and equipment, net (Note 3) ................ 6,039 7,545
Intangibles, net of accumulated amortization of
$2,580 in 1996 and $3,442 in 1997 ................. 3,451 2,590
Patents, net of accumulated amortization of $318
in 1996 and $426 in 1997 .......................... 538 551
Other assets ........................................ 2,134 3,293
--------- ---------
Total assets ................................. $ 73,575 $ 95,413
========= =========
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current Liabilities:
Short-term bank loans ............................... $ 266 $ 362
Current portion of long-term debt ................... 291 --
Accounts payable .................................... 3,358 1,645
Other current liabilities (Note 8) .................. 5,175 6,573
--------- ---------
Total current liabilities ........................ 9,090 8,580
--------- ---------
Long-term liabilities (Note 2) ....................... 3,927 3,975
--------- ---------
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 7)
Stockholders' Equity (Notes 4 and 5):
Preferred stock - $.01 par value; 4,000,000
shares authorized; no shares issued ............... -- --
Common stock - $.01 par value; 150,000,000
shares authorized; issued: 45,682,000 in 1996
and 47,304,000 in 1997 ............................ 457 473
Capital in excess of par value ...................... 129,130 136,662
Deficit ............................................. (68,613) (54,135)
Less - treasury stock at cost (83,000 shares) ....... (340) (340)
- deferred compensation ........................... (76) --
Unrealized gain on marketable securities, net ....... -- 198
--------- ---------
Total stockholders' equity .................... 60,558 82,858
--------- ---------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity ... $ 73,575 $ 95,413
========= =========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated balance
sheets.
-47-
<PAGE>
BIO-TECHNOLOGY GENERAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share data)
Year Ended December 31,
-----------------------------
1995 1996 1997
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Revenues (Note 9):
Product sales ............................. $21,428 $ 40,356 $53,723
Contract fees ............................. 591 4,887 8,369
Research and development revenues
under collaborative agreements
(Note 13) ............................... 4,041 -- --
Other revenues ............................ 1,113 1,390 1,524
Interest and finance ...................... 787 1,105 1,719
------- -------- -------
27,960 47,738 65,335
------- -------- -------
Expenses:
Research and development .................. 10,935 12,431 15,946
Cost of product sales ..................... 3,913 7,264 8,493
General and administrative ................ 6,420 7,458 8,509
Marketing and sales ....................... 1,585 6,107 9,290
Commissions and royalties ................. 726 1,994 1,650
Interest and finance ...................... 159 161 264
Research and development
financing (Note 13) ..................... 806 -- --
Write-off in connection with
litigation (Note 10) ..................... -- 1,383 --
------- -------- -------
24,544 36,798 44,152
------- -------- -------
Income before income taxes
and extraordinary gain .................... 3,416 10,940 21,183
Income tax (benefit) expense, net
(Note 11) .................................. -- (11,975) 6,705
------- -------- -------
Income before extraordinary gain ............ 3,416 22,915 14,478
Extraordinary gain (Note 12) ................ 1,363 -- --
------- -------- -------
Net income .................................. $ 4,779 $ 22,915 $14,478
======= ======== =======
Earnings per common share:
Basic:
Income per common share
before extraordinary gain ................ $ 0.08 $ 0.52 $ 0.31
Extraordinary gain per common share ....... 0.03 -- --
------- -------- -------
Net income per common share ............... $ 0.11 $ 0.52 $ 0.31
======= ======== =======
Diluted:
Income per common share
before extraordinary gain ............... $ 0.08 $ 0.47 $ 0.28
Extraordinary gain per common share ....... 0.03 -- --
------- -------- -------
Net income per common share ............... $ 0.11 $ 0.47 $ 0.28
======= ======== =======
Weighted average number of common and
common equivalent shares:
Basic ..................................... 43,174 44,195 46,767
======= ======== =======
Diluted ................................... 43,784 48,259 51,916
======= ======== =======
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
-48-
<PAGE>
BIO-TECHNOLOGY GENERAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(in thousands)
Common Stock
------------------- Capital in
Par Excess of Treasury
Shares Value Par Value Deficit Stock
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 1994 .............................. 42,876 $429 $120,008 $(96,307) $(303)
Issuance of common stock ................................ 28 84
Issuance of common stock on series A and
B note conversions (including capitalized
interest) and on conversion of convertible
debentures ............................................. 107 1 184
Repayment of common stock subscriptions
Exercise of stock options ............................... 264 3 118
Retirement of warrants (Note 13) ........................ (3,004)
Purchase of treasury stock .............................. (37)
Amortization of deferred compensation
Net income for 1995 ..................................... 4,779
------- ---- -------- -------- -----
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 1995 .............................. 43,275 433 117,390 (91,528) (340)
Issuance of common stock ................................ 9 74
Issuance of common stock on series A and B
note conversions (including capitalized
interest) and on conversion of
convertible debentures ................................. 41 91
Tax benefit derived from exercise
of stock options ....................................... 2,944
Exercise of stock options ............................... 1,790 18 5,236
Exercise of warrants .................................... 567 6 3,395
Amortization of deferred compensation
Net income for 1996 ..................................... 22,915
------- ---- -------- -------- -----
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 1996 .............................. 45,682 457 129,130 (68,613) (340)
Issuance of common stock ................................ 4 59
Issuance of common stock on series A and B
note conversions (including capitalized
interest) and on conversion of
convertible debentures ................................. 133 1 550
Tax benefit derived from exercise
of stock options ....................................... 1,066
Exercise of stock options ............................... 1,433 14 5,597
Exercise of warrants .................................... 52 1 260
Amortization of deferred compensation
Unrealized gain on marketable securities,
net
Net income for 1997 ..................................... 14,478
------- ---- -------- -------- -----
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 1997 .............................. 47,304 $473 $136,662 $(54,135) $(340)
======= ==== ======== ======== =====
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Total
Common Stock Unrealized Gain Stock-
Deferred Subscriptions Marketable holders'
Compensation Receivable Securities, net Equity
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 1994 ................................... $ (570) $ (75) $-- $23,182
Issuance of common stock ..................................... 84
Issuance of common stock on series A and
B note conversions (including capitalized
interest) and on conversion of convertible
debentures .................................................. 185
Repayment of common stock subscriptions ...................... 75 75
Exercise of stock options .................................... 121
Retirement of warrants (Note 13) ............................. (3,004)
Purchase of treasury stock ................................... (37)
Amortization of deferred compensation ........................ 304 304
Net income for 1995 .......................................... 4,779
-------- ----- ---- -------
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 1995 ................................... (266) -- -- $25,689
Issuance of common stock ..................................... 74
Issuance of common stock on series A and B
note conversions (including capitalized
interest) and on conversion of
convertible debentures ...................................... 91
Tax benefit derived from exercise
of stock options ............................................ 2,944
Exercise of stock options .................................... 5,254
Exercise of warrants ......................................... 3,401
Amortization of deferred compensation ........................ 190 190
Net income for 1996 .......................................... 22,915
-------- ----- ---- -------
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 1996 ................................... (76) -- -- $60,558
Issuance of common stock ..................................... 59
Issuance of common stock on series A and B
note conversions (including capitalized
interest) and on conversion of
convertible debentures ...................................... 551
Tax benefit derived from exercise
of stock options ............................................ 1,066
Exercise of stock options .................................... 5,611
Exercise of warrants ......................................... 261
Amortization of deferred compensation ........................ 76 76
Unrealized gain on marketable securities,
net ......................................................... 198 198
Net income for 1997 .......................................... 14,478
-------- ----- ---- -------
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 1997 ................................... $ -- $-- $198 $82,858
======== ===== ==== =======
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
-49-
<PAGE>
BIO-TECHNOLOGY GENERAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31,
-----------------------------------------------
1995 1996 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income ....................................................................... $ 4,779 $ 22,915 $ 14,478
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net
cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense ......................................... -- (12,435) 6,297
Receipt of warrants from Bio-Cardia ........................................... (3,004) -- --
Depreciation and amortization ................................................. 2,622 2,745 2,636
Write-off in connection with litigation ....................................... -- 1,383 --
Provision for severance pay ................................................... 434 665 326
Extraordinary gain resulting from debt forgiveness ............................ (1,363) -- --
Gain on disposal of fixed assets .............................................. (10) (18) (4)
Gain on sales of short-term investments ....................................... (19) (33) (38)
Common stock as payment for services .......................................... 84 74 59
Changes in:
accounts receivable ......................................................... (3,621) (11,926) (9,267)
inventories ................................................................. (486) (3,210) (73)
prepaid expenses and other current assets ................................... (146) (590) (53)
accounts payable ............................................................ 32 2,235 (1,713)
other current liabilities ................................................... (661) 2,441 1,494
-------- -------- --------
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities .............................. (1,359) 4,246 14,142
-------- -------- --------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of short-term investments .............................................. (8,445) (18,258) (22,107)
Capital expenditures ............................................................. (1,354) (2,945) (3,134)
Intangibles ...................................................................... (836) (61) --
Severance pay funded ............................................................. (300) (376) (117)
Other assets ..................................................................... (1,173) (531) (1,159)
Change in patents ................................................................ (162) (191) (121)
Proceeds from sales of short-term investments .................................... 4,475 9,520 8,924
Proceeds from sales of fixed assets .............................................. 57 83 42
-------- -------- --------
Net cash (used in) investing activities ............................................ (7,738) (12,759) (17,672)
-------- -------- --------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayment of long-term debt ...................................................... (1,000) -- --
Proceeds from issuances of common stock, net ..................................... 121 8,655 5,872
Other ............................................................................ (29) (23) (18)
-------- -------- --------
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities .............................. (908) 8,632 5,854
-------- -------- --------
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents ............................. (10,005) 119 2,324
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year ................................... 16,891 6,886 7,005
-------- -------- --------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year ......................................... $ 6,886 $ 7,005 $ 9,329
======== ======== ========
Supplementary Information
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Series A and B note conversions (including capitalized
interest) and conversion of convertible debentures ............................... $ 185 $ 91 $ 551
Other information:
Interest paid .................................................................... $ 729 $ 55 $ 35
Income taxes paid ................................................................ $ -- $ 260 $ 356
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
-50-
<PAGE>
BIO-TECHNOLOGY GENERAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 - ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Bio-Technology General Corp. ("BTG") and its wholly owned subsidiary,
Bio-Technology General (Israel) Ltd. ("BTG-Israel"), were formed in 1980 to
research, develop, manufacture and market products through the application of
genetic engineering and related biotechnologies. A substantial amount of
research and development activities has been conducted on behalf of the parent
by BTG-Israel.
a. Basis of consolidation:
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of BTG,
BTG-Israel and BTG Pharmaceuticals Corp. (through March 15, 1996, the date it
was merged into BTG), hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Company". All
material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. Certain
prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with current year
presentation.
b. Translation of foreign currency:
The functional currency of BTG-Israel is the U.S. dollar. Accordingly, its
accounts are remeasured in dollars, and translation gains and losses (which are
immaterial) are included in the statements of operations.
c. Cash and cash equivalents:
At December 31, 1996 and 1997, cash and cash equivalents included cash of
$1,780,000 and $2,386,000, respectively, and money market funds, commercial
paper and other liquid short-term debt instruments (with maturities as at
acquisition of ninety days or less) of $5,225,000 and $6,943,000, respectively.
d. Short-term investments:
The Company applies Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS")
No. 115, "Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities."
Under SFAS No. 115, marketable debt and equity securities are reported at fair
value, with unrealized gains and losses from those securities, which are
classified as "trading securities", included in net income and unrealized gains
and losses from those securities, which are classified as "available-for-sale
securities", reported as a separate component of stockholders' equity. Debt
securities classified as "held to maturity" are reported at amortized cost.
Short-term investments consist primarily of investments in U.S. Treasury
and corporate bonds and mutual funds that have been classified as
"available-for-sale securities". At December 31, 1997, the aggregate fair value
of the securities was $26,178,000, with a cost of $25,980,000. As of December
31, 1996, the market value of these investments approximated their cost.
e. Inventories:
Inventories are stated at the lower of average cost or market on the
weighted average method. At December 31, 1996 and 1997, inventories include raw
materials of $656,000 and
-51-
<PAGE>
BIO-TECHNOLOGY GENERAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
$717,000, work-in-process of $661,000 and $932,000, and finished goods of
$4,011,000 and $3,752,000, respectively.
f. Property and equipment, accumulated depreciation and amortization:
Depreciation has been calculated using the straight-line method over the
estimated useful lives of the assets, ranging from 5 to 17 years. Leasehold
improvements are amortized over the lives of the respective leases, which are
shorter than the useful life. The cost of maintenance and repairs is expensed as
incurred.
g. Intangibles:
Intangibles consist of capitalized marketing rights and are amortized,
using the straight-line method over the shorter of the life of the related
revenue stream or seven years, commencing with the initial sale of the related
product.
h. Patents:
Patent costs related to products approved by any regulatory agency
worldwide or being sold have been capitalized. Amortization has been calculated
using the straight-line method over 17 years commencing the date of grant with
respect to each project.
i. Long-lived assets:
The Company's policy is to record long-lived assets at cost, amortizing
these costs over the expected useful lives of related assets. In accordance with
SFAS No. 121, "Accounting for the Impairment of Long-lived Assets and for
Long-lived Assets to be Disposed Of", these assets are reviewed on a quarterly
and annual basis for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances
indicate that the carrying amounts of the assets may not be recoverable.
Furthermore, the assets are evaluated for continuing value and proper useful
lives by comparison with expected future cash flows. For the year ended December
31, 1997 there was no material impairment of the long-lived assets of the
Company.
j. Revenue recognition:
Product sales are recognized when the product is shipped. Contract fees for
grants of licenses and other rights are recognized when the relevant terms of
each contract have been performed by the Company. Research and development
revenues under collaborative agreements and Other revenues represent funds
received by the Company for research and development projects that are partially
funded by collaborative partners and the Chief Scientist of the State of Israel,
respectively. The Company recognizes revenue upon performance of such funded
research. In general, these contracts are cancelable by the Company's
collaborative partners at any time.
k. Stock-based compensation:
The Company grants stock options for a fixed number of shares to employees.
The Company accounts for stock option grants in accordance with Accounting
Principles Board ("APB") Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to
Employees".
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<PAGE>
BIO-TECHNOLOGY GENERAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
The Company has not adopted the measurement requirements of SFAS No. 123,
"Accounting for Stock Based Compensation", for stock option grants to employees
and, accordingly, has made all of the required pro forma disclosures for the
years ended December 31, 1996 and 1997 in Note 5.
l. Income taxes:
Deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences of temporary
differences by applying the enacted statutory tax rates to differences between
the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets
and liabilities.
BTG-Israel files separate income tax returns and provides for taxes under
Israeli regulations.
m. Earnings per common share:
Effective December 31, 1997, the Company adopted SFAS No. 128, "Earnings
Per Share." In accordance with SFAS No. 128, net earnings per common share
amounts ("basic EPS") were computed by dividing net earnings by the weighted
average number of common shares outstanding and excluded any potential dilution.
Net earnings per common share amounts assuming dilution ("diluted EPS") were
computed by reflecting potential dilution from the exercise of stock options and
warrants. SFAS No. 128 requires the presentation of both basic EPS and diluted
EPS on the face of the income statement. Earnings per share amounts for the same
prior-year periods have been restated to conform with the provisions of SFAS No.
128.
A reconciliation between the numerators and denominators of the basic and
diluted EPS computations for net earnings is as follows:
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<PAGE>
BIO-TECHNOLOGY GENERAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year Ended December 31, 1995 Year Ended December 31, 1996
------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------
Income Shares Per Share Income Shares Per Share
(Numerator) (Denominator) Amounts (Numerator) (Denominator) Amounts
------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------
(In thousands, except per share data)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
NET EARNINGS ............................. $4,779 $22,915
BASIC EPS
Net earnings attributable
to common stock ......................... 4,779 43,174 $ 0.11 22,915 44,195 $ 0.52
EFFECT OF DILUTIVE SECURITIES
Stock options ............................ 610 2,659
Stock warrants ........................... 0 1,405
------ ------
DILUTED EPS
Net earnings attributable
to common stock and
assumed option and
warrant exercises ....................... $4,779 43,784 $ 0.11 $22,915 48,259 $ 0.47
====== ====== ======= ======= ====== ======
</TABLE>
Year Ended December 31, 1997
-----------------------------------
Income Shares Per Share
(Numerator) (Denominator) Amounts
-----------------------------------
(In thousands, except per share data)
NET EARNINGS ............................ $14,478
BASIC EPS
Net earnings attributable
to common stock ........................ 14,478 46,767 $ 0.31
EFFECT OF DILUTIVE SECURITIES
Stock options ........................... 2,421
Stock warrants .......................... 2,728
------
DILUTED EPS
Net earnings attributable
to common stock and
assumed option and
warrant exercises ...................... $14,478 51,916 $ 0.28
======= ====== ======
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<PAGE>
BIO-TECHNOLOGY GENERAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Options to purchase 1,872,000 shares of common stock out of the total
number of options outstanding as of December 31, 1997, were not included in the
computation of diluted EPS because of their anti-dilutive effect.
n. Use of estimates in preparation of financial statements:
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
reporting period. These assets and liabilities include BTG's marketing rights,
patents, prepaid and deferred expenses, fixed assets and severance accruals, as
management has made estimates as to their useful lives and realizability and
future obligations. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
NOTE 2 - LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
Long-term liabilities consist of:
December 31,
--------------------
1996 1997
---- ----
(in thousands)
Provision for severance pay .................... $3,645 $3,975
Long-term debt ................................. 282 --
------ ------
Total .......................................... $3,927 $3,975
====== ======
BTG-Israel participates in a defined contribution pension plan and makes
regular deposits with a pension fund to secure pension rights on behalf of some
of its employees. The custody and management of the amounts so deposited are
independent of the Company and accordingly such amounts funded (included in
expenses on an accrual basis) and related liabilities are not reflected in the
balance sheets. The Company's obligation for severance pay, in addition to the
amount funded, is included within long-term liabilities in the accompanying
balance sheets.
In respect of its other employees, BTG-Israel purchases individual
insurance policies intended to cover its severance obligations. The amount
funded in the insurance policy and its obligation for severance pay to those
employees is reflected in the balance sheets as severance pay funded and
included in the provision for severance pay, respectively.
The liability of the Company for severance pay is calculated on the basis
of the latest salary paid to its employees and the length of time they have
worked for the Company. The liability is covered by the amounts deposited,
including accumulated income thereon, as well as by the unfunded provision.
The expense related to severance and pension pay for the years ended
December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997, was $681,000, $844,000, and $936,000,
respectively.
-55-
<PAGE>
BIO-TECHNOLOGY GENERAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTE 3 - PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
December 31,
------------------
1996 1997
---- ----
(in thousands)
Cost:
Laboratory and manufacturing equipment ........... $ 9,634 $ 11,766
Office equipment ................................. 2,345 2,968
Air conditioning and other ....................... 2,241 2,067
Leasehold improvements ........................... 7,126 7,580
-------- --------
21,346 24,381
Accumulated depreciation and amortization ........ (15,307) (16,836)
-------- --------
Total ........................................ $ 6,039 $ 7,545
======== ========
Depreciation expense was approximately $1,311,000, $1,637,000 and
$1,590,000 for the years ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997, respectively.
NOTE 4 - STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
In the years ended December 31, 1996 and 1997, the Company issued 567,000
shares and 52,000 shares, respectively, of the Company's common stock upon the
exercise of outstanding warrants having an aggregate purchase price of
$3,401,000 and $260,000, respectively.
In the years ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997, the Company issued
264,000 shares, 1,790,000 shares and 1,433,000 shares, respectively, of the
Company's common stock upon the exercise of outstanding stock options having an
aggregate purchase price of $121,000, $5,254,000 and $5,611,000, respectively.
As of December 31, 1997, the following warrants to purchase the Company's
common stock were outstanding: (i) 3,534,000 warrants issued in December 1993 in
connection with research and development financing at an exercise price of $5.49
per common share, expiring in December 1998 (see Note 13), (ii) 764,000 Class A
warrants at an exercise price of $4.92 per common share, expiring in March 1998,
and (iii) 407,000 Class B warrants at an exercise price of $9.84 per common
share, expiring in March 1999.
NOTE 5 - STOCK OPTIONS
The Company's Stock Option Plan (the "Plan") permits the granting of
options to purchase up to an aggregate of 3,900,000 shares of the Company's
common stock to employees, consultants and directors of the Company. Under the
Plan, the Company may grant either incentive stock options, at an exercise price
of not less than 100% of the fair market value of the underlying shares ("market
value") on the date of grant, or restricted stock options, at an exercise price
of not less than the lower of (i) 50% of the book value per share of the
Company's common stock, or (ii) 50% of the market value on the date of grant.
Options generally become exercisable ratably over a four-year period, with
unexercised options expiring shortly after employment termination. Terminated
options are available for reissuance. No additional options can be granted under
the Plan.
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<PAGE>
BIO-TECHNOLOGY GENERAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
In 1992, the Company adopted the Bio-Technology General Corp. 1992 Stock
Option Plan (the "1992 Stock Option Plan"). The 1992 Stock Option Plan currently
permits the granting of options to purchase up to an aggregate of 12,000,000
shares of the Company's common stock to key employees (including employees who
are directors) and consultants of the Company. Under the plan, the Company may
grant either incentive stock options, at an exercise price of not less than 100%
of the fair market value of the underlying shares on the date of grant, or
non-qualified stock options, at an exercise price not less than the par value of
the common stock on the date of grant. Options generally become exercisable
ratably over a four-year period, with unexercised options expiring shortly after
employment termination. Terminated options are available for reissuance.
The Company also established a Stock Option Plan for New Directors (the
"New Director Plan") that, upon an individual's initial election or appointment
to the Board of Directors, provides for the grant of an option to purchase
20,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price equal to the market value of
the common stock on the date of grant. Options become exercisable over a
three-year period.
In June 1997 the Company adopted the Bio-Technology General Corp. 1997
Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors (the "Directors Plan"). The
Directors Plan provides that each non-employee director will automatically
receive an option to purchase 7,500 shares of the Company's common stock on each
date such person is re-elected a director of the Company. In addition, the
Directors Plan provided that each person who was re-elected as a non-employee
director at the time the Directors Plan was adopted by the stockholders
automatically received an option to purchase 7,500 shares of the Company's
common stock on the date the Directors Plan was adopted. The exercise price of
each option is equal to the market value of the common stock on the date of
grant. Options become exercisable over a three-year period. An aggregate of
500,000 shares of common stock has been reserved for issuance under the
Directors Plan.
The Company accounts for all plans under APB Opinion No. 25, under which no
compensation cost has been recognized as all options granted during 1995, 1996
and 1997 have been granted at the fair market value of the Company's common
stock. Had compensation cost for these plans been determined in accordance with
SFAS No. 123, the Company's net income and EPS would have been reduced as
follows:
Year Ended December 31,
--------------------------
1995 1996 1997
---- ---- ----
(in thousands except
per share data)
Net income: As reported ............. $4,779 $22,915 $14,478
Pro forma ............. 4,342 21,575 10,361
Basic EPS: As reported ............. $ 0.11 $ 0.52 $ 0.31
Pro forma ............. 0.10 0.49 0.22
Diluted EPS: As reported ............. $0.11 $ 0.47 $ 0.28
Pro forma ............. 0.10 0.45 0.20
-57-
<PAGE>
BIO-TECHNOLOGY GENERAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Under SFAS No. 123, the fair value of each option is estimated on the date
of grant using the Black Scholes option-pricing model with the following
weighted average assumptions used for grants in 1996 and 1997: (1) expected life
of option of seven years; (2) dividend yield of 0%; (3) expected volatility of
72% and 64%; and (4) risk-free interest rate of 6.66% and 6.43%, respectively.
Because SFAS No. 123 method of accounting has not been applied to options
granted prior to January 1, 1995, the resulting pro forma compensation cost may
not be representative of that to be expected in future years.
Transactions under the Plan, the New Director Plan, the 1992 Stock Option
Plan, the Directors Plan and other plans during 1995, 1996 and 1997 were as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year ended December 31,
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1995 1996 1997
------------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------
Weighted Weighted Weighted
Average Average Average
Shares Exercise Shares Exercise Shares Exercise
('000s) Price ('000s) Price ('000s) Price
------------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Options outstanding at beginning of year..... 5,399 $3.75 6,004 $3.83 4,933 $4.79
Granted...................................... 1,250 3.39 751 8.04 1,975 14.08
Exercised.................................... (264) 0.46 (1,790) 2.93 (1,433) 3.92
Terminated................................... (381) 3.59 (32) 5.40 (75) 6.13
------------ ------------ ------------
Options outstanding at end of year........... 6,004 3.83 4,933 4.79 5,400 8.40
============ ============ ============
Exercisable at end of year .................. 3,689 2,808 2,333
============ ============ ============
Weighted average fair value of options
granted 2.48 5.90 9.65
============ ============ ========
</TABLE>
Of the 5,400,000 options outstanding as of December 31, 1997:
- 1,715,000 have exercise prices between $1.06 and $4.72 with a
weighted average exercise price of $3.53 and a weighted average remaining
contractual life of 6.54 years. Of these 1,715,000 options, 1,048,000 are
exercisable; their weighted average exercise price is $3.65.
- 1,727,000 options have exercise prices between $5.16 and $11.00 with
a weighted average exercise price of $6.80 and a weighted average remaining
contractual life of 6.40 years. Of these 1,727,000 options, 1,223,000 are
exercisable; their weighted average exercise price is $6.28.
- 1,958,000 options have exercise prices between $12.25 and $17.00
with a weighted average exercise price of $14.07 and a weighted average
remaining contractual life of 9.46 years. Of these 1,958,000 options,
62,000 are exercisable; their weighted average exercise price is $14.11.
Subsequent to December 31, 1997, options to purchase an aggregate of
127,000 shares of common stock have been exercised, having an aggregate purchase
price of $471,000.
-58-
<PAGE>
BIO-TECHNOLOGY GENERAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTE 6 - FOREIGN OPERATIONS
Information about the Company's operations in the United States and Israel
is presented below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Consol-
U.S. Israel Eliminations idated
---- ------ ------------ ------
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)
------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Year ended December 31, 1995:
Revenues.......................................... ss.24,791 3,169 27,960
Intercompany purchases/sales...................... 1,447 3,690 (5,137)
Reimbursement of subsidiary's expenses 9,120 (9,120)
Net income........................................ 4,982 60 (263) 4,779
Identifiable assets o............................. 48,027 7,086 (21,434) 33,679
Foreign liabilities o ............................ ++3,796 3,796
Investment in subsidiaries (cost basis)o 17,226 (17,226)
Year ended December 31, 1996:
Revenues.......................................... ss.43,833 3,905 47,738
Intercompany purchases/sales...................... 1,213 7,329 (8,542)
Reimbursement of subsidiary's expenses 8,994 (8,994)
Net income........................................ 21,908 1,231 (224) 22,915
Identifiable assets o............................. 73,706 9,775 (9,906) 73,575
Foreign liabilities o ............................ ++4,643 4,643
Investment in subsidiaries (cost basis)o 5,797 (5,797)
Year ended December 31, 1997:
Revenues.......................................... ss.61,834 3,501 65,335
Intercompany purchases/sales...................... 1,143 7,730 (8,873)
Reimbursement of subsidiary's expenses 9,946 (9,946)
Net income........................................ 13,448 1,538 (508) 14,478
Identifiable assets o............................. 94,513 9,074 (8,174) 95,413
Foreign liabilities o ............................ ++4,334 4,334
Investment in subsidiaries (cost basis)o ......... 5,797 (5,797)
</TABLE>
- ----------
ss. Includes export sales of $15,189,000, $22,334,000 and $24,713,000 in 1995,
1996 and 1997, respectively.
o At year end.
++ Excludes liability to parent.
NOTE 7 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
a. The Company has leased approximately 23,000 square feet of office space
in New Jersey for its executive office, having an average annual rental expense
of approximately $414,000. The lease expires in October 2003. In addition, the
Company is obligated to pay its proportional share of any annual increase in
taxes and operating expenses. BTG-Israel currently leases approximately 89,000
square feet of space for its research, development and production facilities in
Israel. This lease will expire in December 2002. BTG-Israel also leases 5,000
square feet of warehouse space near its research and manufacturing facility
pursuant to
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<PAGE>
BIO-TECHNOLOGY GENERAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
lease that expires in September 1999. Rent expense was approximately $1,195,000,
$1,450,000 and $1,609,000 for the years ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997,
respectively. The future consolidated annual minimum rentals (exclusive of
amounts for real estate taxes, maintenance, etc.) for each of the next five
years and thereafter are as follows: 1998--$1,587,000; 1999--$1,533,000;
2000--$1,506,000; 2001--$1,506,000; 2002--$1,506,000; and $345,000 thereafter.
Additionally, included in other assets at December 31, 1997, are certificates of
deposit of $300,000 made in support of a letter of credit with respect to
BTG-Israel's lease, which funds are restricted as to use. There is also a bank
guarantee outstanding in favor of the lessor for $517,000 secured by the assets
of BTG-Israel.
b. The Company is obligated, for products resulting from research and
development projects partially funded by the Chief Scientist, to pay royalties
to the Israeli government of 3%-5% on commercial sales, if any, of these
products if produced in Israel up to the amount so funded, or royalties of 4%-6%
if produced outside Israel up to 120%-300% of the amount so funded. As of
December 31, 1997, the Company is obligated to repay to the Chief Scientist, out
of revenue from future product sales, a minimum of $3,809,000 of research and
development funding for products that are currently being sold and a minimum of
$8,061,000 of research and development funding for products currently under
development if these products will be sold. During the years ended December 31,
1995, 1996 and 1997, the Company accrued approximately $338,000, $907,000 and
$413,000, respectively, as royalties to the Chief Scientist.
The Company is also committed to pay royalties on future sales, if any, of
certain of its products to licensees from which the Company licensed these
products.
c. The Company currently has employment agreements with six senior
officers. Under these agreements, the Company has committed to total aggregate
base compensation per year of approximately $1,353,000 plus other normal
customary fringe benefits and bonuses as well as a minimum annual increase in
compensation. These employment agreements generally have a term of two years and
are automatically renewed for successive two-year periods unless either party
gives the other notice of non-renewal.
d. The Company has received notification of claims filed against certain of
its patents. Management believes that these claims have no merit, and the
Company intends to defend them vigorously.
NOTE 8 - OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
December 31,
--------------------
1996 1997
---- ----
(in thousands)
Salaries and related expenses .................... $1,909 $1,894
Accrued subcontracting payable ................... 1,670 2,725
Legal and professional fees ...................... 272 698
Royalties ........................................ 650 419
Other .......................................... 674 837
------ ------
$5,175 $6,573
====== ======
-60-
<PAGE>
BIO-TECHNOLOGY GENERAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTE 9 - CONCENTRATIONS
In 1995, 1996 and 1997, one customer for human growth hormone, located
solely in Japan, represented $9,853,000, $12,906,000 and $10,095,000, or 36%,
28% and 16% of revenues (exclusive of interest income), respectively. In 1995,
1996 and 1997, one customer for Oxandrin and Delatestryl, located solely in the
United States, represented $3,589,000, $15,540,000 and $29,013,000, or 13%, 33%
and 46% of revenues (exclusive of interest income), respectively. In 1997, the
Company's product sales consisted primarily of sales of Oxandrin, human growth
hormone and BioLon in the amount of approximately $27,904,000, $16,745,000 and
$6,993,000, or 52%, 31% and 13% of total product sales, respectively. During
1995, the Company earned $3,486,000, or 12% of revenues (exclusive of interest
income), from Bio-Cardia as research and development revenues under
collaborative agreements. One customer accounted for 72% and 67% of total
receivables as of December 31, 1996 and 1997, respectively. As of December 31,
1996 and 1997, another customer accounted for 15% and 10% of total receivables,
respectively. BTG has one supplier for its Oxandrin product.
NOTE 10 - WRITE-OFF IN CONNECTION WITH LITIGATION
In 1996, the Company wrote off $1,383,000 of capitalized expenses relating
to human growth hormone, as a result of the affirmation by the U.S. Court of
Appeals for the Federal Circuit of a preliminary injunction obtained by
Genentech, Inc. prohibiting the Company from marketing its human growth hormone
in the United States. The write-off consists of legal costs related to the
litigation with Genentech and hGH launch preparation costs in the United States.
NOTE 11 - INCOME TAXES
Taxable income for the years ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997 was
substantially offset by the utilization of net operating loss carryforwards
("NOLs"). At December 31, 1997, BTG has NOLs of approximately $20,200,000
available to offset future taxable income, which expire from 2001 through 2010,
the use of which are limited to annual maximum amounts, due to ownership
changes, as defined by regulations under the Internal Revenue Code. In addition,
at December 31, 1997, BTG has a capital loss carryover of approximately
$10,200,000 available to offset future capital gains, which expires in 2000, and
a research and experimental ("R&E") credit of approximately $2,300,000 available
to reduce future income taxes, which expires in 2012.
In 1996, management determined that it had become more likely than not that
it would realize its net deferred tax assets (other than approximately
$4,096,000) and it has therefore reduced the valuation allowance by
approximately $18,587,000. The determination that the net tax asset was
realizable was based on 1996 being BTG's first full year of profitability in
each quarter, and the performance and penetration of Oxandrin, which was (first
introduced in December 1995). The Company's reversal of the valuation allowance
against its net deferred tax assets resulted in a realization of income tax
benefit of approximately $12,435,000 in 1996 and increased capital in excess of
par value by approximately $2,944,000, representing, for tax purposes, the
deductible compensation resulting from the exercise of stock options.
-61-
<PAGE>
BIO-TECHNOLOGY GENERAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
The components of current and deferred income tax (benefit) expense are as
follows:
Year Ended December 31,
-----------------------
1996 1997
---- ----
(in thousands)
Current:
State ...................................... $ 1,155 $ --
Federal .................................... 3,156 408
Benefit of NOLs ............................ (3,851) --
-------- ------
460 408
-------- ------
Deferred:
State ...................................... (1,840) 2,035
Federal .................................... (10,595) 4,262
-------- ------
(12,435) 6,297
-------- ------
Total income tax (benefit) expense .............. $(11,975) $6,705
======== ======
The domestic and foreign components of income before income taxes are as
follows:
Year Ended December 31,
---------------------------------------
1995 1996 1997
---- ---- ----
(in thousands)
Domestic .................. $ 3,483 $ 9,654 $19,663
Foreign ................... (67) 1,286 1,520
-------- ------- -------
$ 3,416 $10,940 $21,183
======== ======= =======
The components of deferred income tax (benefit) expense are:
Year Ended December 31,
----------------------------
1995 1996 1997
---- ---- ----
(in thousands)
R&E credit .................................. $ -- $ -- $(1,419)
Net operating loss .......................... 1,328 4,989 7,738
Change in valuation allowance exclusive
of stock options .......................... 2,375 (16,286) --
Research and development financing .......... (3,228) -- --
Other ....................................... (475) (1,138) (22)
-------- -------- -------
$ -- $(12,435) $ 6,297
======== ======== =======
-62-
<PAGE>
BIO-TECHNOLOGY GENERAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
A reconciliation of income taxes between the statutory and effective tax
rates on income before income taxes and extraordinary gain is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
-----------------------------
1995 1996 1997
---- ---- ----
(in thousands)
Income tax at U.S. statutory rate ............ $ 1,162 $ 3,720 $ 7,414
Extraordinary item ........................... 463 -- --
Current year benefit of NOLs ................. -- (3,851) --
State and local income taxes (net of
federal benefit) ........................... 356 850 1,222
Change in valuation allowance exclusive
of stock options ........................... (2,375) (12,435) --
R&E credit ................................... -- -- (1,419)
Other ........................................ 394 (259) (512)
------- -------- -------
Income tax (benefit) expense ........... $ -- $(11,975) $ 6,705
======= ======== =======
The components of deferred income tax assets (liabilities) are as follows:
December 31,
----------------------
1996 1997
---- ----
(in thousands)
NOLs ....................................... $ 15,016 $ 7,391
Capital loss carryforward .................. 4,096 4,096
R&E credit ................................. -- 2,365
Accrued amounts and other .................. 1,155 965
-------- --------
20,267 14,817
Depreciation and amortization .............. (792) (573)
-------- --------
19,475 14,244
Valuation allowance ........................ (4,096) (4,096)
-------- --------
$ 15,379 $ 10,148
======== ========
NOTE 12 - EXTRAORDINARY GAIN
In 1995, the Company recognized an extraordinary gain of $1,363,000
resulting from the Company's payment, in July 1995, of $1,000,000 to a former
licensee in full satisfaction of its $2,363,000 obligation to this former
licensee.
NOTE 13 - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FINANCING
On December 31, 1993, the Company and Bio-Cardia completed a private
placement of 375 units (the "Financing"), each unit ("Unit") consisting of four
shares of common stock of Bio-Cardia and Warrants to purchase 15,000 shares of
the Company's common stock. The Warrants are exercisable at any time on or prior
to December 31, 1998 at an exercise price of $5.49 per share. The purchase price
per Unit was $100,000, of which $15,000 was paid at the closing, with the
remainder paid with a promissory note ("Investor Note") due in five installments
over a period of three years. All of the cash proceeds of the Financing were to
be
-63-
<PAGE>
BIO-TECHNOLOGY GENERAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
received by Bio-Cardia. In consideration of the Warrants included in the Units,
the Company received from each purchaser of Units an option (the "Stock Purchase
Option"), exercisable at any time on or prior to December 31, 1997, to purchase
the Bio- Cardia stock at a purchase price beginning at 125% and increasing over
time to 200% of the cash paid to Bio-Cardia at the closing of the Financing and
in respect of the Investor Note, with any amounts then outstanding under the
Investor Note being canceled. Such purchase price could be paid in cash, shares
of the Company's common stock or both, at the Company's discretion. In
connection with the closing of the Financing, the Company licensed to Bio-Cardia
the right to pursue (i) the worldwide development and commercialization of the
Company's Imagex, Bio-Flow, Factorex and Bio-Lase products for all
cardiovascular indications, the Company's OxSODrol product for the inhibition of
reocclusion of coronary arteries during and after thrombolysis or angioplasty or
in cases of unstable angina, and for the prevention of restenosis, and the
Company's OxSODrol product for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in
pre-mature neonates, and (ii) the development and commercialization of the
Company's sodium hyaluronate-based products for ophthalmic applications in the
United States and Japan to protect the corneal endothelium during intraocular
surgery and other pharmaceutical applications where a shock-absorbing and
lubricating material compatible with the human body is required. The Company
conducted research, development and clinical testing of these products on behalf
of Bio-Cardia, had the exclusive option, during the period the Stock Purchase
Option was outstanding with respect to each product, to commercialize, directly
or through others, such product, and was obligated to supply Bio-Cardia with all
its requirements for such products.
In connection with the Financing, on December 31, 1993, the Company issued
Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 6,206,250 shares of common stock,
consisting of (i) the 5,625,000 Warrants issued to investors in Bio-Cardia in
consideration of their grant of the Stock Purchase Option to the Company, (ii)
the 562,500 Warrants issued to D. Blech & Company, Incorporated, the placement
agent in the Financing, and (iii) the 18,750 Warrants issued to the directors of
Bio-Cardia. In 1993 the Company expensed $10,241,000, equal to the aggregate
value of the Warrants as determined by an independent investment banking firm,
representing (i) the uncertain realizability of the value of such Stock Purchase
Option, (ii) the Company's expenses of the Financing and (iii) director
compensation expense, respectively.
Bio-Cardia and the Company had originally budgeted approximately
$32,000,000 of the net proceeds of the Financing (less if the Stock Purchase
Option was exercised prior to January 1, 1997) to fund development and
commercialization of the products licensed to Bio-Cardia over a period of four
years and to reimburse the Company for previously incurred research and
development expenses. However, holders of 221 Units failed to make the required
July 1, 1994 payment of $10,000 per Unit, which resulted in Bio-Cardia being
unable to pay approximately $1,540,000 of the $3,250,000 in reimbursement of
previously incurred research and development expenses and approximately $500,000
of the $1,521,000 of development costs due the Company during the three months
ended September 30, 1994 under a research and development agreement between the
Company and Bio-Cardia pursuant to which the Company performed research and
development services on behalf of Bio-Cardia in respect of the products licensed
to Bio-Cardia (the "R&D Agreement"). In October 1994, Bio-Cardia reached
settlements with certain of the defaulting stockholders, holding an aggregate of
178 Units, who surrendered to Bio-Cardia their Bio-Cardia stock and Warrants to
purchase an aggregate of 2,670,000 shares of the Company's common stock (the
"Surrendered Warrants") in exchange for a release from their future funding
obligations to Bio-Cardia. The net effect of this settlement was to reduce the
funding expected by Bio-Cardia by approximately $14,240,000. In addition, Bio-
Cardia commenced legal action against the remaining defaulting stockholders,
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<PAGE>
BIO-TECHNOLOGY GENERAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
holding an aggregate of 43 Units, who owed an aggregate of $3,440,000, which
actions were settled during 1995 without the payment (in the case of holders of
40 Units) or recovery by Bio-Cardia of any monies. Accordingly, Bio-Cardia was
not in a position to fund the up to $32,000,000 research and development program
originally contemplated by Bio-Cardia and the Company. The Company did not
recognize as revenues the amounts due from Bio- Cardia during the second half of
1994 or during 1995 because of the uncertain realizability of such amounts.
The Company funded a revised research and development budget for 1995. In
addition, in May 1995, Bio-Cardia, with the Company's consent, completed an
exchange offer with all those Bio-Cardia stockholders who were not in default
under their Investor Note, who held an aggregate of 157 Units, including holders
of three Units against whom Bio-Cardia commenced litigation (the "Exchange
Offer"). Under the terms of the Exchange Offer, Bio-Cardia exchanged $4,250 in
cash (together with interest on $2,500 from the date Bio-Cardia received such
funds) and forgiveness of $17,500 principal amount of the Investor Note
remaining outstanding for each one share of Bio-Cardia common stock and an
unconditional release. In addition, Bio-Cardia agreed that if by December 15,
1995 neither (i) the average daily price of the Company's common stock for any
20 trading days in a 30 consecutive trading day period exceeds $3.50 nor (ii)
the best closing bid price of the Warrants exceeds $1.10 during any 20 trading
days, then Bio-Cardia would distribute to the Bio-Cardia stockholders accepting
the Exchange Offer some or all of the Surrendered Warrants such that, in the
aggregate, the 15,000 Warrants issued in the Financing in each Unit, together
with the Surrendered Warrants distributed by Bio-Cardia, have a value of $16,500
as determined using the Black Scholes option-pricing formula using an assumption
of no dividends and a volatility of 70%. At September 27, 1995, the best closing
bid price of the Warrants had exceeded $1.10 for 20 trading days and, as a
result, Bio-Cardia's obligation to distribute the Surrendered Warrants expired.
At December 29, 1995, there was due to the Company from Bio-Cardia in
excess of $7,000,000 for research and development performed by the Company on
behalf of Bio- Cardia during 1994 and 1995 and for product purchases and
advances for general and administrative expenses, which amounts had not been
recognized as revenue by the Company because of the uncertain realizability of
such amounts for the reasons set forth above. On December 29, 1995, Bio-Cardia
transferred to BTG its interest in the Surrendered Warrants, the technology
previously licensed to Bio-Cardia by the Company and the improvements to such
technology resulting from the research and development conducted by the Company
on behalf of Bio-Cardia in partial satisfaction of amounts owed to the Company
by Bio-Cardia. As a result, the Company recognized research and development
revenues under collaborative agreements of $3,004,000, representing the product
determined by multiplying the Surrendered Warrants by $1.125, the closing bid
price of the Warrants on September 27, 1995, the date Bio-Cardia ceased to be
obligated to distribute any portion of the Surrendered Warrants under certain
circumstances as set forth in the immediately preceding paragraph.
In 1995, the Company expensed $806,000 as research and development
financing relating to Bio-Cardia, representing the net funds provided to
Bio-Cardia following Bio- Cardia's default under its agreements with the
Company. The net funding provided to Bio-Cardia consisted of: (i) $1,710,000
received from Bio-Cardia in 1994 but not recognized as revenues, which amount
was included in other current liabilities on the December 31, 1994 balance sheet
and was returned to Bio-Cardia by BTG to fund the Exchange Offer discussed
above; (ii) $210,000 received from Bio-Cardia in 1995, prior to the Exchange
Offer, but not recognized as revenues and returned to Bio-Cardia by the Company
to fund the Exchange Offer discussed
-65-
<PAGE>
BIO-TECHNOLOGY GENERAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
above; and (iii) $2,726,000 provided to Bio-Cardia to fund the Exchange Offer
discussed above (including the $1,920,000 referred to in (i) and (ii) above).
-66-
<PAGE>
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON
ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Directors
The section entitled "Proposal No. 1 - Election of Directors" in the
Company's Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated
herein by reference.
Executive Officers
See "Part I - Item 1. Business - Executive Officers of the Company".
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The section entitled "Executive Compensation" in the Company's Proxy
Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated herein by
reference.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND
MANAGEMENT
The section entitled "Beneficial Ownership of Common Stock" in the
Company's Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated
herein by reference.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
The sections entitled "Executive Compensation - Compensation Committee
Interlocks and Insider Participation" and "Certain Transactions" in the
Company's Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated
herein by reference.
-67-
<PAGE>
PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS
ON FORM 8-K
(a) Financial Statements
(1) and (2) See "Index to Consolidated Financial Statements" at Item 8 of
this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(3) Exhibits
Certain exhibits presented below contain information that has been granted
or is subject to a request for confidential treatment. Such information has been
omitted from the exhibit. Exhibit Nos. 10(a), (j), (k), (l), (n), (o), (r), (w),
(x) and (y) are management contracts, compensatory plans or arrangements.
Exhibit No. Description
- ----------- -----------
3(a) Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, as amended. *(1)
(b) By-laws of the Registrant, as amended through October 24, 1994. *(2)
10(a) Bio-Technology General Corp. Stock Option Plan, as amended through
May 29, 1991.*(3)
(b) Agreement, dated January 25, 1981, between Bio-Technology General
(Israel) Ltd. and Yeda Research and Development Co., Ltd.
("Yeda").*(4)
(c) Letter from the Chief Scientist to Bio-Technology General (Israel)
Ltd. *(4)
(d) Letter from the Company to Yeda relating to bGH and hSOD. *(5)
(e) Agreement, dated January 20, 1984, between Bio-Technology General
(Israel) Ltd., and the Chief Scientist with regard to certain
projects. *(6)
(f) Agreement, dated July 9, 1984, between the Company and Yeda. *(6)
(g) Agreement, dated as of January 1, 1984, between the Company and
Yissum.*(7)
(h) Form of Indemnity Agreement between the Company and its directors and
officers. *(8)
(i) Agreement, dated November 18, 1988, between the Company and Yeda. *(9)
(j) Employment Agreement, dated as of January 1, 1990, between the Company
and Dr. Sim Fass.*(10)
(k) Bio-Technology General Corp. Stock Compensation Plan for Outside
Directors, as amended through March 1991. *(3)
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EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION
- ----------- -----------
(l) Bio-Technology General Corp. Stock Option Plan for New Directors, as
amended through March 1991. *(3)
(m) Reacquisition of Rights Agreement, effective June 12, 1991 between the
Company and The Du Pont Merck Pharmaceutical Company. *(11)
(n) Employment Agreement, dated as of September 5, 1990, between the Company
and David Haselkorn. *(12)
(o) Employment Agreement, dated as of September 5, 1990, between Bio-
Technology General (Israel) Ltd. and Marian Gorecki. *(12)
(p) Agreement, dated as of November 9, 1992, between the Company and SmithKline
Beecham Intercredit B.V. *(12)
(q) Exclusive Distribution Agreement, dated as of November 9, 1992, between the
Company and Ferring B.V. *(12)
(r) Bio-Technology General Corp. 1992 Stock Option Plan, as amended.
(s) Form of Warrant to purchase shares of Bio-Technology General Corp. Common
Stock. *(13)
(t) Purchase and Supply Agreement, dated as of December 1, 1995, between Bio-
Technology General Corp. and Quantum Health Resources. *+(14)
(u) Support Services Agreement, dated as of December 1, 1995, between Bio-
Technology General Corp. and Quantum Health Resources. *+(14)
(v) Amended and Restated Research and Development Services Agreement, dated as
of December 28, 1995 by and between Bio-Technology General Corp. and
Bio-Technology General (Israel) Ltd. *(14)
(w) Employment Agreement, dated as of January 29, 1996, between Bio- Technology
General Corp. and Ernest L. Kelly. *(14)
(x) Employment Agreement, dated as of April 24, 1995, between Bio-Technology
General Corp. and William Pursley. *(15)
(y) Bio-Technology General Corp. 1997 Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee
Directors.
21 Subsidiaries of Bio-Technology General Corp.+(16)
23 Consent of Arthur Andersen LLP.
27 Financial Data Schedule.
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<PAGE>
Exhibits have been included in copies of this Report filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission. Stockholders of the Company will be provided
with copies of these exhibits upon written request to the Company.
- ----------
+ Confidential treatment has been granted for portions of such document.
* Previously filed with the Commission as Exhibits to, and incorporated
herein by reference from, the following documents:
(1) Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30,
1994.
(2) Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September
30, 1994.
(3) Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
1991.
(4) Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 2-84690).
(5) Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
1983.
(6) Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-2597).
(7) Registration Statement on Form S-2 (File No. 33-12238).
(8) Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30,
1987.
(9) Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
1988.
(10) Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
1989.
(11) Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 33-39018).
(12) Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
1992.
(13) Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 31, 1993.
(14) Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
1995.
(15) Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31,
1995.
(16) Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
1996.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K
None
(c) Exhibits
See (a) (3) above.
(d) Financial Statement Schedule
See "Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplemental
Schedule" at Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Schedules not
included herein are omitted because they are not applicable or the
required information appears in the Consolidated Financial Statements or
notes thereto.
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<PAGE>
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to
be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Bio-Technology General Corp.
(Registrant)
By: /s/ Sim Fass
-----------------------------
(Sim Fass)
Chairman of the Board,
President and CEO
March 23, 1998
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of
the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature Title Date
- --------- ----- ----
/s/ Sim Fass Chairman of the Board, March 23, 1998
- ---------------------- President, CEO and Director
(Sim Fass) (Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Herbert Conrad Director March 23, 1998
- ----------------------
(Herbert Conrad)
Director March __, 1998
- ----------------------
(Moses Marx)
/s/ Allan Rosenfield Director March 23, 1998
- ----------------------
(Allan Rosenfield)
/s/ David Tendler Director March 23, 1998
- ----------------------
(David Tendler)
/s/ Virgil Thompson Director March 23, 1998
- ----------------------
(Virgil Thompson)
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<PAGE>
Signature Title Date
- --------- ----- ----
/s/ Dan Tolkowsky Director March 23, 1998
- ----------------------
(Dan Tolkowsky)
/s/ Faye Wattleton Director March 23, 1998
- ----------------------
(Faye Wattleton)
/s/ Herbert Weissbach Director March 23, 1998
- ----------------------
(Herbert Weissbach)
/s/ Yehuda Sternlicht Vice President-Finance March 23, 1998
- ---------------------- and Chief Financial
(Yehuda Sternlicht) Officer (Principal
Financial and Accounting
Officer)
-72-
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT INDEX
-------------
Exhibit No. Description
- ---------- ------------
10(R) 1992 Stock Option Plan
10(Y) Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors
23 Consent of Independent Public Accountants
27 Financial Data Schedule
BIO-TECHNOLOGY GENERAL CORP.
1992 STOCK OPTION PLAN
1. Purpose. The purpose of the Bio-Technology General Corp. 1992 Stock
Option Plan (the "Plan") is to enable Bio-Technology General Corp. (the
"Company") and its stockholders to secure the benefits of common stock ownership
by key personnel of the Company and its subsidiaries. The Board of Directors of
the Company (the "Board") believes that the granting of options under the Plan
will foster the Company's ability to attract, retain and motivate those
individuals who will be largely responsible for the continued profitability and
long-term future growth of the Company.
2. Stock Subject to the Plan. The Company may issue and sell a total of
12,000,000 shares of its common stock, $.01 par value (the "Common Stock"),
pursuant to the Plan. Such shares may be either authorized and unissued or held
by the Company in its treasury. New options may be granted under the Plan with
respect to shares of Common Stock which are covered by the unexercised portion
of an option which has terminated or expired by its terms, by cancellation or
otherwise.
3. Administration. The Plan will be administered by a committee (the
"Committee") consisting of at least two directors appointed by and serving at
the pleasure of the Board. To the extent required by the applicable provisions
of Rule 16(b)-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the
"Exchange Act"), no member of the Committee shall have received an option under
the Plan or any other plan within one year before his or her appointment or such
other period as may be prescribed by said Rule. Subject to the provisions of the
Plan, the Committee, acting in its sole and absolute discretion, will have full
power and authority to grant options under the Plan, to interpret the provisions
of the Plan, to fix and interpret the provisions of option agreements made under
the Plan, to supervise the administration of the Plan, and to take such other
action as may be necessary or desirable in order to carry out the provisions of
the Plan. A majority of the members of the Committee will constitute a quorum.
The Committee may act by the vote of a majority of its members present at a
meeting at which there is a quorum or by unanimous written consent. The decision
of the Committee as to any disputed question, including questions of
construction, interpretation and administration, will be final and conclusive on
all persons. The Committee will keep a record of its proceedings and acts and
will keep or cause to be kept such books and records as may be necessary in
connection with the proper administration of the Plan.
4. Eligibility. Options may be granted under the Plan to present or future
key employees of the Company or a subsidiary of the Company (a "Subsidiary")
within the meaning of Section 424(f) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the
"Code"), and to consultants to the Company or a Subsidiary who are not
employees. Options may not be granted to directors of the Company or a
Subsidiary who are not also employees of or consultants to the Company and/or a
Subsidiary. Subject to the provisions of the Plan, the Committee may from time
to time select the persons to whom options will be
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<PAGE>
granted, and will fix the number of shares covered by each such option and
establish the terms and conditions thereof, including, without limitation, the
exercise price, restrictions on exercisability of the option or on the
disposition of the shares of Common Stock issued upon exercise of the option,
and whether or not the option is to be treated as an incentive stock option
within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code (an "Incentive Stock Option").
5. Terms and Conditions of Options. Each option granted under the Plan will
be evidenced by a written agreement in a form approved by the Committee. Each
such option will be subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this
paragraph and such additional terms and conditions not inconsistent with the
Plan (and, in the case of an Incentive Stock Option, not inconsistent with the
provisions of the Code applicable thereto) as the Committee deems appropriate.
(a) Option Exercise Price. In the case of an option which is not treated as
an Incentive Stock Option, the exercise price per share may not be less than the
par value of a share of Common Stock on the date the option is granted; and, in
the case of an Incentive Stock Option, the exercise price per share may not be
less than 100% of the fair market value of a share of Common Stock on the date
the option is granted (110% in the case of an optionee who, at the time the
option is granted, owns stock possessing more than 10% of the total combined
voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or a Subsidiary (a "ten
percent shareholder")). For purposes hereof, the fair market value of a share of
Common Stock on any date will be equal to the closing sale price per share as
published by a national securities exchange on which shares of the Common Stock
are traded on such date or, if there is no sale of Common Stock on such date,
the average of the bid and asked prices on such exchange at the closing of
trading on such date or, if shares of the Common Stock are not listed on a
national securities exchange on such date, the closing price or, if none, the
average of the bid and asked prices in the over the counter market at the close
of trading on such date, or if the Common Stock is not traded on a national
securities exchange or the over the counter market, the fair market value of a
share of the Common Stock on such date as determined in good faith by the
Committee.
(b) Option Period. The period during which an option may be exercised will
be fixed by the Committee and will not exceed 10 years from the date the option
is granted (5 years in the case of an Incentive Stock Option granted to a "ten
percent shareholder").
(c) Exercise of Options. No option will become exercisable unless the
person to whom the option was granted remains in the continuous employ or
service of the Company or a Subsidiary for at least one year (or for such other
period as the Committee may designate) from the date the option is granted.
Subject to earlier termination of the option as provided herein, unless the
Committee determines otherwise, options will be exercisable from and after the
date of grant. Vesting or other restrictions on the exercisability of an option
will be set forth in the related option agreement. All or part of the
exercisable portion of an option may be exercised at any
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<PAGE>
time during the option period. An option may be exercised by transmitting to the
Company (1) a written notice specifying the number of shares to be purchased,
and (2) payment of the exercise price, together with the amount, if any, deemed
necessary by the Committee to enable the Company to satisfy its income tax
withholding obligations with respect to such exercise (unless other arrangements
acceptable to the Company are made with respect to the satisfaction of such
withholding obligations).
(d) Payment of Exercise Price. The purchase price of shares of Common Stock
acquired pursuant to the exercise of an option granted under the Plan may be
paid in cash and/or such other form of payment as may be permitted under the
option agreement, including, without limitation, previously-owned shares of
Common Stock and installment payments under the optionee's promissory note.
(e) Rights as a Stockholder. No shares of Common Stock will be issued in
respect of the exercise of an option granted under the Plan until full payment
therefor has been made (and/or provided for where all or a portion of the
purchase price is being paid in installments), and the applicable income tax
withholding obligation has been satisfied or provided for. The holder of an
option will have no rights as a stockholder with respect to any shares covered
by an option until the date a stock certificate for such shares is issued to him
or her. Except as otherwise provided herein, no adjustments shall be made for
dividends or distributions of other rights for which the record date is prior to
the date such stock certificate is issued.
(f) Nontransferability of Options. No option granted under the Plan may be
assigned or transferred except by will or by the applicable laws of descent and
distribution; and each such option may be exercised during the optionee's
lifetime only by the optionee.
(g) Termination of Employment or Other Service. If an optionee ceases to be
employed by or to perform services for the Company and any Subsidiary for any
reason other than death or disability (defined below), then, unless extended by
the Committee acting in its sole discretion, each outstanding option granted to
him or her under the Plan will terminate on the date three months after the date
of such termination of employment or service, or, if earlier, the date specified
in the option agreement. If an optionee's employment or service is terminated by
reason of the optionee's death or disability (or if the optionee's employment or
service is terminated by reason of his or her disability and the optionee dies
within one year after such termination of employment or service), then, unless
extended by the Committee acting in its sole discretion, each outstanding option
granted to the optionee under the Plan will terminate on the date one year after
the date of such termination of employment or service (or one year after the
later death of a disabled optionee) or, if earlier, the date specified in the
option agreement. For purposes hereof, the term "disability" means the inability
of an optionee to perform the customary duties of his or her employment or other
service for the Company or a Subsidiary by reason of a physical or mental
incapacity which is expected to result in death or be of indefinite duration.
-3-
<PAGE>
(h) Incentive Stock Options. In the case of an Incentive Stock Option
granted under the Plan, at the time the option is granted, the aggregate fair
market value (determined at the time of grant) of the shares of Common Stock
with respect to which Incentive Stock Options are exercisable for the first time
by the optionee during any calendar year may not exceed $100,000.
(i) Other Provisions. The Committee may impose such other conditions with
respect to the exercise of options, including, without limitation, any
conditions relating to the application of federal or state securities laws, as
it may deem necessary or advisable.
(j) Maximum Option Grant. The maximum option grant which may be made to an
employee of the Company in any calendar year shall not cover more than 250,000
shares.
6. Capital Changes, Reorganization, Sale.
(a) Adjustments Upon Changes in Capitalization. The aggregate number and
class of shares for which options may be granted under the Plan, the maximum
number of shares for which options may be granted to any employee in any
calendar year, the number and class of shares covered by each outstanding option
and the exercise price per share shall all be adjusted proportionately for any
increase or decrease in the number of issued shares of Common Stock resulting
from a split-up or consolidation of shares or any like capital adjustment, or
the payment of any stock dividend.
(b) Acceleration of Vesting Upon Change of Control. If there is a change of
control of the Company (as defined in subparagraph (f) below), then all
outstanding options shall become fully exercisable whether or not the vesting
conditions, if any, set forth in the related option agreements have been
satisfied, and each optionee shall have the right to exercise his or her options
prior to such change of control and for as long thereafter as the option shall
remain in effect in accordance with its terms and the provisions hereof.
(c) Conversion of Options on Stock for Stock Exchange. If the shareholders
of the Company receive capital stock of another corporation ("Exchange Stock")
in exchange for their shares of Common Stock in any transaction involving a
merger (other than a merger of the Company in which the holders of Common Stock
immediately prior to the merger have the same proportionate ownership of Common
Stock in the surviving corporation immediately after the merger), consolidation,
acquisition of property or stock, separation or reorganization (other than a
mere reincorporation or the creation of a holding company), all options granted
hereunder shall be converted into options to purchase shares of Exchange Stock
unless the Company and the corporation issuing the Exchange Stock, in their sole
discretion, determine that any or all such options granted hereunder shall not
be converted into options to purchase shares of Exchange Stock but instead shall
terminate, subject to the provisions of subparagraph (b) above and the
optionees' prior exercise rights thereunder. The amount and price of converted
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<PAGE>
options shall be determined by adjusting the amount and price of the options
granted hereunder in the same proportion as used for determining the number of
shares of Exchange Stock the holders of the Common Stock receive in such merger,
consolidation, acquisition of property or stock, separation or reorganization.
In accordance with subparagraph (b) above, the converted options shall be fully
vested whether or not the vesting requirements set forth in the option agreement
have been satisfied.
(d) Fractional Shares. In the event of any adjustment in the number of
shares covered by any option pursuant to the provisions hereof, any fractional
shares resulting from such adjustment will be disregarded and each such option
will cover only the number of full shares resulting from the adjustment.
(e) Determination of Board to be Final. All adjustments under this
paragraph 6 shall be made by the Board, and its determination as to what
adjustments shall be made, and the extent thereof, shall be final, binding and
conclusive. Unless an optionee agrees otherwise, any change or adjustment to an
Incentive Stock Option shall be made in such a manner so as not to constitute a
"modification" as defined in Section 424(h) of the Code and so as not to cause
the optionee's Incentive Stock Option issued hereunder to fail to continue to
qualify as an Incentive Stock Option.
(f) Change of Control Defined. For purposes hereof, a change in control of
the Company is deemed to occur if (1) there occurs (A) any consolidation or
merger in which the Company is not the continuing or surviving entity or
pursuant to which shares of the Common Stock would be converted into cash,
securities or other property, other than a merger of the Company in which the
holders of the Common Stock immediately prior to the merger have the same
proportionate ownership of common stock of the surviving corporation immediately
after the merger, or (B) any sale, lease, exchange or other transfer (in one
transaction or a series of related transactions) of all or substantially all the
Company's assets; (2) the Company's stockholders approve any plan or proposal
for the liquidation or dissolution of the Company; (3) any person (as such term
is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d)(2) of the Exchange Act) shall become the
beneficial owner (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under said Act) of 40% or
more of the Common Stock other than pursuant to a plan or arrangement entered
into by such person and the Company; or (4) during any period of two consecutive
years, individuals who at the beginning of such period constitute the entire
Board of Directors shall cease for any reason to constitute a majority of the
Board unless the election or nomination for election by the Company's
stockholders of each new director was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds
of the directors then still in office who were directors at the beginning of the
period.
7. Amendment and Termination of the Plan. The Board may amend or terminate
the Plan. Except as otherwise provided in the Plan with respect to equity
changes, any amendment which would increase the aggregate number of shares of
Common Stock as to which options may be granted under the Plan, materially
increase the benefits under the Plan, or modify the class of persons eligible to
receive options under the Plan shall be subject to the approval of the holders
of a majority of the Common Stock issued
-5-
<PAGE>
and outstanding. No amendment or termination may affect adversely any
outstanding option without the written consent of the optionee.
8. No Rights Conferred. Nothing contained herein will be deemed to give any
individual any right to receive an option under the Plan or to be retained in
the employ or service of the Company or any Subsidiary.
9. Governing Law. The Plan and each option agreement shall be governed by
the laws of the State of Delaware.
10. Decisions and Determinations of Committee to be Final. Except to the
extent rights or powers under this Plan are reserved specifically to the
discretion of the Board, the Committee shall have full power and authority to
interpret the Plan and any option agreement made under the Plan and to determine
all issues which arise thereunder or in connection therewith, and the decision
of the Board or the Committee, as the case may be, shall be binding and
conclusive on all interested persons.
11. Term of the Plan. The Plan shall be effective as of February 28, 1992,
the date on which it was adopted by the Board, subject to the approval of the
stockholders of the Company, which approval was granted on June 1, 1992. The
Plan will terminate on February 27, 2002, the date ten years after the date of
adoption by the Board, unless sooner terminated by the Board. The rights of
optionees under options outstanding at the time of the termination of the Plan
shall not be affected solely by reason of the termination and shall continue in
accordance with the terms of the option (as then in effect or thereafter
amended).
-6-
BIO-TECHNOLOGY GENERAL CORP.
STOCK OPTION PLAN FOR NON-EMPLOYEE DIRECTORS
1. Purpose.
The purpose of this Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors (the
"Plan") of Bio-Technology General Corp. (the "Corporation") is to strengthen the
Corporation's ability to attract and retain the services of knowledgeable and
experienced persons who, through their efforts and expertise, can make a
significant contribution to the success of the Corporation's business by serving
as members of the Corporation's Board of Directors and to provide additional
incentive for such directors to continue to work for the best interests of the
Corporation and its stockholders through ownership of its Common Stock, $.01 par
value (the "Common Stock"). Accordingly, the Corporation will grant to each
non-employee director options to purchase shares of the Corporation's Common
Stock on the terms and conditions hereafter established.
2. Stock Subject to Plan.
The Company may issue and sell a total of 500,000 shares of its Common
Stock pursuant to the Plan. Such shares may be either authorized and unissued or
held by the Company in its treasury. New options may be granted under the Plan
with respect to shares of Common Stock which are covered by the unexercised
portion of an option which has terminated or expired by its terms, by
cancellation or otherwise.
3. Administration of the Plan.
The Plan shall be administered by the Board of Directors of the Corporation
(the "Board"). The interpretation and construction by the Board of any
provisions of the Plan or of any other matters related to the Plan shall be
final. The Board may from time to time adopt such rules and regulations for
carrying out the Plan as it may deem advisable. No member of the Board shall be
liable for any action or determination made in good faith with respect to the
Plan.
The Board of Directors may at any time amend, alter, suspend or terminate
the Plan; provided, however, that any such action would not impair any option to
purchase Common Stock theretofore granted under the Plan; and provided further
that without the approval of the Corporation's stockholders, no amendments or
alterations would be made which would (i) increase the number of shares of
Common Stock that may be purchased by each non-employee director under the Plan
(except as permitted by Paragraph 10), (ii) increase the aggregate number of
shares of Common Stock as to which options may be granted under the Plan (except
as permitted by Paragraph 10), (iii) decrease the option exercise price (except
as permitted by
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<PAGE>
Paragraph 10), or (iv) extend the period during which outstanding options
granted under the Plan may be exercised; and provided further that Paragraph 5
of the Plan shall not be amended more than once every six months other than to
comply with changes in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, or the rules
thereunder.
4. Eligibility.
All non-employee directors of the Corporation shall be eligible to receive
options under the Plan. Receipt of stock options under any other stock option
plan maintained by the Corporation or any subsidiary shall not, for that reason,
preclude a director from receiving options under the Plan.
5. Grants.
(i) Each person who is re-elected as a non-employee director at the time
the Plan is adopted by the stockholders of the Corporation shall on the date of
such adoption of the Plan (the "Initial Grant Date") be issued an option to
purchase 7,500 shares of the Corporation's Common Stock (the "Initial Option")
at the following price for the following term and otherwise in accordance with
the terms of the Plan:
(a) The option exercise price per share of Common Stock shall be the
Fair Market Value (as defined below) of the Common Stock covered by such
Initial Option on the Initial Grant Date.
(b) Except as provided herein, the term of an Initial Option shall be
for a period of ten (10) years from the Initial Grant Date.
(ii) In addition, each non-employee director shall, on each subsequent date
of such non-employee director's re-election to the Board at the Company's annual
meeting of stockholders (the "Additional Grant Date"), be granted an option to
purchase 7,500 shares of the Corporation's Common Stock (the "Additional
Option") at the following price for the following term and otherwise in
accordance with the terms of the Plan:
(a) The option exercise price per share of Common Stock shall be the
Fair Market Value (as defined below) of the Common Stock covered by such
Additional Option on the Additional Grant Date.
(b) Except as provided herein, the term of an Additional Option shall
be for a period of ten (10) years from the Additional Grant Date.
(iii) "Fair Market Value" shall mean, for each Grant Date, (A) if the
Common Stock is listed or admitted to trading on the New York Stock Exchange
-2-
<PAGE>
(the "NYSE") or the American Stock Exchange (the "ASE"), the average of the high
and low sale price of the Common Stock on such date or, if no sale takes place
on such date, the average of the highest closing bid and lowest closing asked
prices of the Common Stock on such exchange, in each case as officially reported
on the NYSE or the ASE, or (B) if no shares of Common Stock are then listed or
admitted to trading on the NYSE or the ASE, the average of the high and low sale
prices of the Common Stock on such date on the NASDAQ National Market or, if no
shares of Common Stock are then quoted on the NASDAQ National Market, the
average of the closing bid and highest asked prices of the Common Stock on such
date on NASDAQ or, if no shares of Common Stock are then quoted on NASDAQ, the
average of the highest bid and lowest asked prices of the Common Stock on such
date as reported in the over-the-counter system. If no closing bid and highest
asked prices thereof are then so quoted or published in the over-the-counter
market, "Fair Market Value" shall mean the fair value per share of Common Stock
(assuming for the purposes of this calculation the economic equivalence of all
shares of classes of capital stock), as determined on a fully diluted basis in
good faith by the Board, as of a date which is 15 days preceding such Grant
Date.
(iv) Options granted hereunder shall not be "incentive stock options"
within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended.
6. Regulatory Compliance and Listing.
The issuance or delivery of any Option may be postponed by the Corporation
for such period as may be required to comply with the Federal securities laws,
any applicable listing requirements of any applicable securities exchange and
any other law or regulation applicable to the issuance or delivery of such
Options, and the Corporation shall not be obligated to issue or deliver any
Options if the issuance or delivery of such options would constitute a violation
of any law or any regulation of any governmental authority or applicable
securities exchange.
7. Restrictions on Exercisability and Sale.
(i) Except as provided in Section 7(ii) below, and subject to Section
7(iii) below, each Option granted under the Plan may be exercisable as to 25% of
the total number of shares issuable under such Option on the date six months
after the date of grant and as to an additional 25% on each of the first, second
and third anniversaries of the date of grant.
(ii) If any event constituting a "Change in Control of the Corporation"
shall occur, all Options granted under the Plan which are outstanding at the
time a Change of Control of the Corporation shall occur shall immediately become
exercisable. A "Change in Control of the Corporation" shall be deemed to occur
if (i)
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<PAGE>
there shall be consummated (x) any consolidation or merger of the Corporation in
which the Corporation is not the continuing or surviving corporation or pursuant
to which shares of the Corporation's Common Stock would be converted into cash,
securities or other property, other than a merger of the Corporation in which
the holders of the Corporation's Common Stock immediately prior to the merger
have the same proportionate ownership of common stock of the surviving
corporation immediately after the merger, or (y) any sale, lease, exchange or
other transfer (in one transaction or a series of related transactions) of all,
or substantially all, of the assets of the Corporation, or (ii) the stockholders
of the Corporation shall approve any plan or proposal for liquidation or
dissolution of the Corporation, or (iii) any person (as such term is used in
Section 13(d) and 14(d)(2) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
(the "Exchange Act")), shall become the beneficial owner (within the meaning of
Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) of 40% or more of the Corporation's
outstanding Common Stock other than pursuant to a plan or arrangement entered
into by such person and the Corporation, or (iv) during any period of two
consecutive years, individuals who at the beginning of such period constitute
the entire Board of Directors shall cease for any reason to constitute a
majority thereof unless the election, or the nomination for election by the
Corporation's stockholders, of each new director was approved by a vote of at
least two-thirds of the directors then still in office who were directors at the
beginning of the period.
8. Cessation as Director.
In the event that the holder of an Option granted pursuant to the Plan
shall cease to be a director of the Corporation for any reason (other than
death) such holder may exercise any portion of the Option that is exercisable by
him at the time he ceases to be a director of the Corporation, but only to the
extent such Option is exercisable as of such date, within six months after the
date he ceases to be a director of the Corporation.
9. Death.
In the event that a holder of an Option granted pursuant to the Plan shall
die, any option granted to such holder shall be immediately and automatically
accelerated and become fully vested and all unexercised Options shall be
exercisable by his estate, personal representative or beneficiary, for a period
of twelve months after the date of his death.
10. Stock Splits, Mergers, etc.
In the event of any stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction
which increases or decreases the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock,
appropriate adjustment shall be made by the Board of Directors, whose
determination shall be final,
-4-
<PAGE>
to the number and option exercise price per share of Common Stock which may be
purchased under any outstanding Options. In the case of a merger, consolidation
or similar transaction which results in a replacement of the Corporation's
Common Stock and stock of another corporation but does not constitute a Change
in Control of the Corporation, the Corporation will make a reasonable effort,
but shall not be required, to replace any outstanding Options granted under the
Plan with comparable options to purchase the stock of such other corporation, or
will provide for immediate maturity of all outstanding Options, with all Options
not being exercised within the time period specified by the Board of Directors
being terminated.
11. Transferability.
Options are not assignable or transferable, except upon the optionholder's
death to a beneficiary designated by the optionee in accordance with procedures
established by the Board or, if no designated beneficiary shall survive the
optionholder, pursuant to the optionholder's will or by the laws of descent and
distribution, to the extent set forth in Section 9 and during the optionholder's
lifetime, may be exercised only by him.
12. Exercise of Options.
An optionholder electing to exercise an Option shall give written notice to
the Corporation of such election and of the number of shares of Common Stock
that he has elected to acquire. An optionholder shall have no rights of a
stockholder with respect to shares of Common Stock covered by his Option until
after the date of issuance of a stock certificate to him upon partial or
complete exercise of his option.
13. Payment.
The Option exercise price shall be payable in cash, check or in shares of
Common Stock upon the exercise of the Option. If the shares of Common Stock are
tendered as payment of the Option exercise price, the value of such shares shall
be the Fair Market Value as of the date of exercise. If such tender would result
in the issuance of fractional shares of Common Stock, the Corporation shall
instead return the difference in cash or by check to the director.
14. Obligation to Exercise Option.
The granting of an Option shall impose no obligation on the director to
exercise such option.
-5-
<PAGE>
15. Continuance as Director.
Nothing in the Plan shall be deemed to create any obligation on the part of
the Board to nominate any director for reelection by the Corporation's
stockholders.
16. Term of Plan.
The Plan shall be effective as of the date on which it is adopted by the
stockholders of the Company. The Plan will terminate on the date ten years after
the date of adoption by the stockholders of the Company, unless sooner
terminated by the Board. The rights of optionees under options outstanding at
the time of the termination of the Plan shall not be affected solely by reason
of the termination and shall continue in accordance with the terms of the option
(as then in effect or thereafter amended).
-6-
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
As independent public accountants, we hereby consent to the incorporation of our
report included in this Form 10-K, into the Company's previously filed
Registration Statements File Numbers 333-33077, 33-83902, 333-02685, 333-36121,
333-33073, 33-51202, 33-83904, 33-69870, 3-41591, 33-4468, 33-41592, and
333-33075.
New York, New York ARTHUR ANDERSEN LLP
March 23, 1998
WARNING: THE EDGAR SYSTEM ENCOUNTERED ERROR(S) WHILE PROCESSING THIS SCHEDULE.
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