CASEYS GENERAL STORES INC
10-Q, 1996-09-10
CONVENIENCE STORES
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            SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549


                                    FORM 10-Q


                   Quarterly Report Under Section 13 or 15(d)
                     of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934


                   For the Fiscal Quarter Ended July 31, 1996

                         Commission File Number 0-12788


                          CASEY'S GENERAL STORES, INC.
             (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


                    IOWA                                    42-0935283   
           State  or  other   jurisdiction   of        (I.R.S.   Employer
           incorporation or organization)               Identification Number)

                     ONE CONVENIENCE BOULEVARD, ANKENY, IOWA
                    (Address of principal executive offices)

                                      50021
                                   (Zip Code)

                                 (515) 965-6100
              (Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

                                      NONE
              (Former name, former address and former fiscal year,
                          if changed since last report)


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the  preceding 12 months (or for such  shorter  period that the  registrant  was
required  to file  such  reports),  and  (2) has  been  subject  to such  filing
requirements for the past 90 days. YES X NO _____

Indicate the number of shares  outstanding  of each of the  issuer's  classes of
common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

   Common Stock, No Par Value                                26,225,206 shares
           (Class)                          (Outstanding at September 4, 1996)




<PAGE>



                          CASEY'S GENERAL STORES, INC.

                                      INDEX

                                                                            Page

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

         Item 1.           Consolidated Financial Statements.

                           Consolidated condensed balance sheets -
                           July 31, 1996 and April 30, 1996                   3

                           Consolidated condensed statements
                           of income - three months ended
                           July 31, 1996 and 1995                             5

                           Consolidated condensed statements of
                           cash flows - three months ended
                           July 31, 1996 and 1995                             6

                           Notes to consolidated condensed
                           financial statements                               7

         Item 2.           Management's Discussion and Analysis
                           of Financial Condition and Results of
                           Operations.                                        9


PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

         Item 1.           Legal Proceedings.                                13

         Item 6.           Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K.                 13


SIGNATURE                                                                    15



                                      - 2 -

<PAGE>



                         PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION


Item 1.           Financial Statements.


                  CASEY'S GENERAL STORES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
                      CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
                                   (Unaudited)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>


                                                    July 31,        April 30,
                                                      1996            1996

         ASSETS
<S>                                               <C>              <C>
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents                         $ 5,944,748      12,673,855
    Short-term investments                         15,271,985      13,953,926
    Receivables                                     3,008,258       2,679,967
    Inventories                                    34,086,979      32,437,323
    Prepaid expenses                                5,564,926       8,266,308
                                                  -----------      ----------

        Total current assets                       63,876,896      70,011,379

Long-term investments                               4,600,379       5,153,169

Other assets                                        1,329,255       1,356,643

Property and equipment, net of
  accumulated depreciation
  July 31, 1996, $138,868,686
  April 30, 1996, $132,609,514                    341,487,880     328,313,767
                                                  -----------     -----------

                                                 $411,294,410     404,834,958
                                                  ===========     ===========

</TABLE>




See notes to consolidated condensed financial statements.



                                      - 3 -

<PAGE>



                  CASEY'S GENERAL STORES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
                      CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
                                   (Unaudited)
                                   (Continued)



        LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S>                                                  <C>             <C>
Current liabilities:
    Notes payable                                  $ 14,250,000      21,025,000
    Current maturities of
      long-term debt                                  8,645,522       8,679,217
    Accounts payable                                 38,281,896      36,190,236
    Accrued expenses                                 16,583,200      17,032,275
    Income taxes payable                              3,374,000         ---
                                                    -----------      ----------
      Total current liabilities                      81,134,618      82,926,728

Long-term debt, net of
  current maturities                                 79,147,928      81,249,264
                                                    -----------      ----------

Deferred income taxes                                34,791,000      32,791,000
                                                    -----------      ----------

Deferred compensation                                 1,795,153       1,693,288
                                                    -----------      ----------

Shareholders' equity
  Preferred stock, no par value                         ---            ---
  Common Stock, no par value                         63,592,717      63,556,842
  Retained earnings                                 150,832,994     142,617,836
                                                    -----------     -----------

Total shareholders' equity                          214,425,711     206,174,678

                                                   $411,294,410     404,834,958

</TABLE>




See notes to consolidated condensed financial statements.



                                      - 4 -

<PAGE>



                  CASEY'S GENERAL STORES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
                   CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
                                   (Unaudited)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>


                                                         Three Months Ended
                                                               July 31,
                                                      1996              1995
                                                   -----------      -----------
<S>                                                 <C>             <C> 
Net Sales                                          $286,907,949    $252,996,754

Franchise revenue                                     1,457,402       1,454,607
                                                    -----------     -----------

                                                    288,365,351     254,451,361

Cost of goods sold                                  228,804,922     199,532,946
Operating expenses                                   37,421,313      34,797,993
Depreciation and
  amortization                                        6,374,870       5,852,285
Interest, net                                         1,513,544       1,557,657
                                                    -----------     -----------

                                                    274,114,649     241,740,881

Income before income taxes                           14,250,702      12,710,480


Federal and state
   income taxes                                       5,380,000       4,798,000
                                                    -----------     -----------

Net income                                         $  8,870,702       7,912,480
                                                    ===========     ===========


Earnings per common
   and common equivalent
   share                                           $        .34             .30
                                                    ===========     ===========


Weighted average number
    of common and common
    equivalent shares
    outstanding                                      26,293,424      26,074,979
                                                    ===========     ===========

</TABLE>


See notes to consolidated condensed financial statements.


                                      - 5 -

<PAGE>



                  CASEY'S GENERAL STORES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
                 CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
                                   (Unaudited)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                                      Three Months Ended
                                                             July 31,
                                                           1996         1995
                                                         ---------    ---------
<S>                                                       <C>         <C>
Cash flows from operations:
  Net income ....................................... $  8,870,702    7,912,480
  Adjustments to reconcile
    net income to net cash
    provided by operations:
      Depreciation and amortization ................    6,374,870    5,852,285
      Deferred income taxes ........................    2,000,000      500,000
      Changes in assets and liabilities:
         Receivables ...............................     (328,291)     (32,351)
         Inventories ...............................   (1,649,656)  (1,159,735)
       Prepaid expenses ............................    2,701,382     (573,208)
         Accounts payable ..........................    2,091,660      886,552
         Accrued expenses ..........................     (449,075)      49,437
         Income taxes payable ......................    3,374,000    3,098,000
  Other, net .......................................      129,732      307,405
Net cash provided by operations ....................   23,115,324    6,840,865
Cash flows from investing:
  Purchase of property and equipment                  (19,595,966) (18,644,674)
  Purchase of investments ..........................   (2,478,969)    (602,625)
  Sale of investments ..............................    1,760,204    3,447,134
                                                       ----------- ------------
Net cash used in investing
  activities .......................................  (20,314,731) (15,800,165)
Cash flows from financing:
  Payments of long-term debt .......................   (2,135,031)  (2,183,467)
  Net activity of short-term debt ..................   (6,775,000)    6,850,000
  Proceeds from exercise of
    stock options ..................................       35,875     1,011,813
  Payment of cash dividends ........................     (655,544)    (519,339)
                                                      -----------  ------------
Net cash (used in) provided by
  financing activities .............................   (9,529,700)    5,159,007
Net (decrease) increase in cash
  and cash equivalents .............................   (6,729,107)    6,199,707
Cash and cash equivalents at
  beginning of the year ............................   12,673,855     5,477,784
                                                       ----------   -----------
Cash and cash equivalents at
  end of the quarter ............................... $  5,944,748    11,677,491
                                                      ===========  ============
</TABLE>
See notes to consolidated condensed financial statements.
                                      - 6 -
<PAGE>



                  CASEY'S GENERAL STORES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
              NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



1.   The accompanying  consolidated  condensed financial statements  (unaudited)
     include  the  accounts  and   transactions  of  the  Company  and  its  two
     wholly-owned  subsidiaries,  Casey's Marketing Company and Casey's Services
     Company.  All material  inter-company  balances and transactions  have been
     eliminated in consolidation.

2.   The accompanying  consolidated  condensed financial statements  (unaudited)
     have been prepared by the Company  pursuant to the rules and regulations of
     the Securities and Exchange  Commission.  Certain  information and footnote
     disclosures   normally  included  in  financial   statements   prepared  in
     accordance  with  generally  accepted   accounting   principles  have  been
     condensed  or  omitted  pursuant  to such rules and  regulations.  Although
     management   believes  that  the  disclosures  are  adequate  to  make  the
     information  presented not  misleading,  it is suggested that these interim
     consolidated condensed financial statements be read in conjunction with the
     Company's most recent audited  financial  statements and notes thereto.  In
     the  opinion  of  management,   the  accompanying   consolidated  condensed
     financial  statements  (unaudited)  contain all adjustments  (consisting of
     only normal recurring  accruals)  necessary to present fairly the financial
     position as of July 31, 1996,  and the results of operations  for the three
     months  ended  July 31,  1996 and 1995,  and  changes in cash flows for the
     three months ended July 31, 1996 and 1995. 3. Sales generally are strongest
     during the Company's first quarter (May-July) and weakest during its fourth
     quarter (February-April).  In the warmer months of the year (which comprise
     the  Company's  first two  fiscal  quarters),  customers  tend to  purchase
     greater quantities of gasoline and certain convenience items, such as beer,
     soft drinks and ice. Difficult weather conditions in any quarter,  however,
     may affect sales of Company stores in specific  regions and have an adverse
     impact on net income for that period.

                                      - 7 -

<PAGE>



4.   Retail gasoline  profit margins have a substantial  impact on the Company's
     net income.  Profit margins on gasoline sales can be adversely  affected by
     factors  beyond the control of the Company,  including  over-supply  in the
     retail gasoline market, uncertainty or volatility in the wholesale gasoline
     market (such as that  experienced in fiscal 1991 as a result of the Persian
     Gulf  crisis) and price  competition  from other  gasoline  marketers.  Any
     substantial  decrease  in profit  margins on retail  gasoline  sales or the
     number of  gallons  sold  could  have a  materially  adverse  effect on the
     Company's earnings.

5.   Recent congressional action to increase the federal minimum wage may have a
     significant impact on the Company's operating results,  particularly in the
     near term, to the extent the forthcoming  increase in labor expenses cannot
     be passed along to customers through price increases.  Although the Company
     has in the past been able to, and will  continue  to attempt to, pass along
     increases in  operating  costs  through  price  increases,  there can be no
     assurance  that  all  of the  expected  increases  in  labor  costs  can be
     reflected in prices,  or that price increases will be absorbed by customers
     without diminishing customer spending in Company stores.




                                      - 8 -

<PAGE>



Item 2.           Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
                  Condition and Results of Operations.

         Financial Condition and Results of Operations

         Casey's  derives  its revenue  from the retail sale of food  (including
freshly  prepared  foods such as pizza,  donuts and  sandwiches),  beverages and
non-food products such as health and beauty aids,  tobacco products,  automotive
products and gasoline by Company  stores and from the wholesale  sale of certain
grocery and general  merchandise  items and gasoline to franchised  stores.  The
Company also generates revenues from continuing monthly royalties based on sales
by franchised  stores,  sign and facade rental fees and the provision of certain
maintenance,   transportation   and  construction   services  to  the  Company's
franchisees.  A typical store is generally not  profitable for its first year of
operation due to start-up costs and will usually attain representative levels of
sales and profits during its third year of operation.

         Due to the nature of the Company's  business,  most sales are for cash,
and cash provided by operations  is the Company's  primary  source of liquidity.
The Company finances its inventory  purchases primarily from normal trade credit
aided by the relatively  rapid turnover of inventory.  This turnover  allows the
Company to conduct  its  operations  without  large  amounts of cash and working
capital.  As of July 31, 1996, the Company's  ratio of current assets to current
liabilities was .79 to 1. The ratio at July 31, 1995 and April 30, 1996, was .58
to 1 and .84 to 1, respectively.  Management believes that the Company's current
$27,000,000  bank lines of credit  (aggregate  amount),  together with cash flow
from operations,  will be sufficient to satisfy the working capital needs of its
business.

         Net cash provided by  operations  increased  $6,274,459  (37.3%) in the
three months ended July 31, 1996 from the  comparable  period in the prior year,
primarily as a result of a larger increase in accounts payable and a decrease in
prepaid  expenses.  Cash flows from  investing and financing in the three months
ended July 31, 1996  decreased,  primarily as a result of  decreased  short-term
debt.  Cash flows in the  future are  expected  to  decrease  as a result of the
anticipated growth in capital expenditures.

         Capital expenditures represent the single largest use of Company funds.
Management  believes that by reinvesting in Company stores,  the Company will be
better  able  to  respond  to  competitive  challenges  and  increase  operating
efficiencies. During the first three months of fiscal 1997, the Company

                                      - 9 -

<PAGE>



expended $19,595,966 for property and equipment,  primarily for the construction
and remodeling of Company  stores,  compared to  $18,644,674  for the comparable
period  in the prior  year.  The  Company  anticipates  expending  approximately
$65,000,000  in fiscal 1997 for  construction,  acquisition  and  remodeling  of
Company stores, primarily from funds generated by operations,  existing cash and
short-term  investments  and proceeds of the 7.70% Senior Notes due December 15,
2004 (the "7.70%  Notes") and the 7.38%  Senior Notes due December 28, 2020 (the
"7.38% Notes").

         As of July 31, 1996,  the Company had  long-term  debt of  $79,147,928,
consisting of  $22,500,000  in principal  amount of 7.70% Notes,  $30,000,000 in
principal  amount  of  7.38%  Notes,  $12,959,784  of  mortgage  notes  payable,
$7,562,500  of  unsecured   notes  payable  and   $6,125,644  of  capital  lease
obligations.

         Interest on the 7.70% Notes is payable on the 15th day of each month at
the rate of 7.70% per  annum.  Principal  of the 7.70%  Notes  matures  in forty
quarterly  installments  beginning  March 15,  1995.  The Company may prepay the
7.70%  Notes  in  whole or in part at any  time in an  amount  of not less  than
$1,000,000 or integral  multiples of $100,000 in excess  thereof at a redemption
price  calculated in accordance  with the Note Agreement dated as of February 1,
1993 between the Company and the purchasers of the 7.70% Notes.

         Interest   on  the  7.38%  Notes  is  payable   semi-annually   on  the
twenty-eighth  day of June and December in each year,  commencing June 28, 1996,
and at  maturity,  at the rate of 7.38% per  annum.  The 7.38%  Notes  mature on
December 28, 2020, with  prepayments of principal  commencing  December 28, 2010
and ending June 28, 2020,  inclusive,  with the remaining  principal  payable at
maturity on December 28,  2020.  The Company may prepay the 7.38% Notes in whole
or in part at any time in an amount  not less  than  $1,000,000  or in  integral
multiples of $100,000 in excess  thereof at a  redemption  price  calculated  in
accordance  with the Note  Agreement  dated as of December  1, 1995  between the
Company and Principal  Mutual Life  Insurance  Company,  as the purchaser of the
7.38% Notes.

         To date, the Company has funded capital expenditures primarily from the
proceeds  of the  sale of  Common  Stock,  issuance  of the  6-1/4%  Convertible
Subordinated  Debentures  (which were converted into 3,683,064  shares of Common
Stock on March 28, 1994),  the 7.70% Notes and the 7.38% Notes, a mortgage note,
unsecured  notes payable and through funds  generated  from  operations.  Future
capital needs required to finance  operations,  improvements and the anticipated
growth

                                     - 10 -

<PAGE>



in the number of Company  stores are  expected to be met from cash  generated by
operations,  existing cash,  short-term and long-term investments and additional
long-term debt or other  securities as  circumstances  may dictate,  and are not
expected to adversely affect liquidity.

         The United States  Environmental  Protection Agency and several states,
including  Iowa,  have  established  requirements  for owners and  operators  of
underground gasoline storage tanks (USTs) with regard to (i) maintenance of leak
detection,  corrosion  protection and overfill/spill  protection  systems;  (ii)
upgrade of existing  tanks;  (iii)  actions  required in the event of a detected
leak;  (iv)  prevention  of leakage  through  tank  closings;  and (v)  required
gasoline  inventory  recordkeeping.  Since 1984,  new  Company  stores have been
equipped with  non-corroding  fiberglass  USTs,  including many with double-wall
construction,  over-fill  protection and  electronic  tank  monitoring,  and the
Company has an active  inspection  and  renovation  program  with respect to its
older USTs. The Company  currently has 1,729 USTs, of which 1,359 are fiberglass
and 370 are steel. Management believes that its existing gasoline procedures and
planned  capital  expenditures  will continue to keep the Company in substantial
compliance with all current federal and state UST regulations.

         Several of the states in which the  Company  does  business  have trust
fund programs with  provisions for sharing or reimbursing  corrective  action or
remediation costs incurred by UST owners, including the Company. These programs,
other than the State of Iowa, generally are in the early stages of operation and
the extent of available coverage or reimbursement  under such programs for costs
incurred by the  Company is not fully  known at this time.  In each of the years
ended April 30, 1996 and 1995,  the Company  spent  approximately  $718,000  and
$2,137,000,  respectively,  for  assessments and  remediation.  During the three
months ended July 31, 1996, the Company expended approximately $229,000 for such
purposes.  Substantially  all of these  expenditures  have  been  submitted  for
reimbursement from state-sponsored  trust fund programs and as of July 31, 1996,
approximately  $4,000,000 has been received from such programs. Such amounts are
typically subject to statutory  provisions requiring repayment of the reimbursed
funds for  noncompliance  with upgrade  provisions or other applicable laws. The
Company has accrued a liability at July 31, 1996,  of  approximately  $2,600,000
for estimated expenses related to anticipated  corrective actions or remediation
efforts,

                                     - 11 -

<PAGE>



including relevant legal and consulting costs.  Management  believes the Company
has no material joint and several environmental liability with other parties.

         Management of the Company  currently  estimates that aggregate  capital
expenditures for electronic  monitoring,  cathodic protection and overfill/spill
protection will approximate $1,000,000 in fiscal 1997 through December 23, 1998,
in order to comply with the existing UST regulations. Additional regulations, or
amendments to the existing UST regulations,  could result in future revisions to
such  estimated  expenditures.  Such  expenditures  are expected to be funded as
described above, and are not expected to adversely affect liquidity.

         Three Months Ended July 31, 1996 Compared to Three Months
Ended July 31, 1995

         Net sales for the first quarter of fiscal 1997 increased by $33,911,195
(13.4%)  over the  comparable  period  in fiscal  1996.  Retail  gasoline  sales
increased  by  $22,220,050  (16.0%) as the number of gallons  sold  increased by
11,166,588  (9.0%)  while the average  retail price per gallon  increased  6.4%.
During  this same  period,  retail  sales of  grocery  and  general  merchandise
increased by  $10,664,969  (11.5%) due to the addition of 66 new Company  Stores
and a greater number of stores in operation for at least three years.

         Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales was 79.7% for the first
quarter of fiscal 1997, compared to 78.9% for the comparable period in the prior
year. The gross profit margins on retail gasoline sales decreased  (9.1%) during
the first  quarter  of fiscal  1997 from the  first  quarter  of the prior  year
(10.2%).  The gross profit  margin per gallon also  decreased (to $.1077) in the
first  quarter  of fiscal  1997  from the  comparable  period in the prior  year
($.1137). These factors were partially offset by an increase in gross profits on
retail sales of grocery and general  merchandise  (to 38.9%) from the comparable
period in the prior year (38.8%).

         Operating  expenses  as a  percentage  of net sales  were 13.0% for the
first quarter of fiscal 1997 compared to 13.8% for the comparable  period in the
prior year.

         Net income  increased by $958,222  (12.1%).  The increase in net income
was  attributable  primarily  to the  increase  in retail  sales of grocery  and
general  merchandise,  an increase in the number of gallons of gasoline sold and
an increased number of stores in operation for at least three years.


                                     - 12 -

<PAGE>



                           PART II - OTHER INFORMATION


Item 1.           Legal Proceedings.


         The Company from time to time is a party to legal  proceedings  arising
from the conduct of its business operations,  including  proceedings relating to
personal   injury  and   employment   claims,   environmental   remediation   or
contamination,  disputes  under  franchise  agreements  and  claims by state and
federal  regulatory  authorities  relating to the sale of  products  pursuant to
state or federal  licenses or  permits.  Management  does not  believe  that the
potential  liability of the Company with respect to such proceedings  pending as
of the date of this Form 10-Q is material in the aggregate.


Item 6.           Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K.

         (a)      The following exhibits are filed with this Report
or, if so indicated, incorporated by reference.

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

         Exhibit
         No.                                         Description
         <C>                        <S>
         3.2                        Amended and Restated By-Laws

         4.2                        Rights Agreement between Casey's General
                                    Stores, Inc. and United   Missouri Bank of
                                    Kansas City,   N.A., as Rights Agent(a),
                                    and   amendments thereto (b), (c), (d)

         4.3                        Note Agreement dated as of February 1, 1993
                                    between Casey's General Stores, Inc. and
                                    Principal Mutual Life Insurance Company and
                                    Nippon Life Insurance Company of America
                                    (e) and First Amendment thereto (f)

         4.4                        Note Agreement dated as of December 1, 1995
                                    between Casey's General Stores, Inc. and
                                    Principal Mutual Life Insurance Company (f)

         11                         Statement regarding computation of per
                                    share earnings

         27                         Financial Data Schedule

- --------------------
</TABLE>

                                     - 13 -

<PAGE>



(a)  Incorporated  by  reference  from the  Registration  Statement  on Form 8-A
     (0-12788) filed June 19, 1989 relating to Common Share Purchase Rights.

(b)  Incorporated  by  reference  from  the  Form  8  (Amendment  No.  1 to  the
     Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed June 19, 1989) filed September 10,
     1990.

(c)  Incorporated  by  reference  from the Form  8-A/A  (Amendment  No. 3 to the
     Registration  Statement  on Form 8-A filed June 19,  1989)  filed March 30,
     1994.

(d)  Incorporated  by reference  from the Form 8-A12G/A  (Amendment No. 2 to the
     Registration  Statement  on Form 8- A filed June 19,  1989)  filed July 29,
     1994.

(e)  Incorporated  by  reference  from the  Current  Report  on Form  8-K  filed
     February 18, 1993.

(f)  Incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K filed January
     11, 1996.

     (b) There were no reports on Form 8-K filed  during the  quarter  for which
         this Report is filed.



                                     - 14 -

<PAGE>



                                    SIGNATURE


         Pursuant to the  requirements  of the Securities  Exchange Act of 1934,
the  registrant  has duly  caused  this report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


                                             CASEY'S GENERAL STORES, INC.



Date:   September 5, 1996                By:   /s/ Douglas K. Shull
                                               Douglas K. Shull, Treasurer
                                               (Authorized Officer and
                                                Principal Financial Officer)



                                     - 15 -

<PAGE>



                                  EXHIBIT INDEX

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

Exhibit No.                         Description                                         Page
   <C>                              <S>
   3.2                              Amended and Restated By-Laws                        17

   11                               Statement regarding computation of
                                    per share earnings


   27                               Financial Data Schedule


</TABLE>

                                     - 16 -

<PAGE>



                                                                  Exhibit 3.2


                              AMENDED AND RESTATED

                                     BY-LAWS

                                       OF

                          CASEY'S GENERAL STORES, INC.


                                    ARTICLE I

                                     OFFICES


      The principal office of the corporation in the State of Iowa shall be
located  in the County of Polk,  State of Iowa.  The  corporation  may have such
other  offices,  either  within or  without  the State of Iowa,  as the Board of
Directors may designate or as the business of the  corporation  may require from
time to time.

         The registered office of the corporation  required by the Iowa Business
Corporation  Act to be  maintained in the State of Iowa may be, but need not be,
identical with the principal office in the State of Iowa, and the address of the
registered  office may be changed from time to time by the Board of Directors in
accordance with the Iowa Business Corporation Act.

                                   ARTICLE II

                                  SHAREHOLDERS

     Section 1. Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of the shareholders shall
be held on the second  Wednesday  in  September in each year at the hour of 1:30
P.M. or such other date as a majority of the Board of  Directors  may  establish
for the  purpose of electing  Directors  and for the  transaction  of such other
business as may come before the meeting. If the day fixed for the annual meeting
shall be a legal  holiday,  such  meeting  shall be held on the next  succeeding
business  day.  If the  election  of  directors  shall  not be  held  on the day
designated herein for any annual meeting of the shareholders, or any adjournment
thereof, the Board of Directors shall cause the election to be held at a special
meeting of the shareholders as soon thereafter as conveniently may be.

                                     - 17 -

<PAGE>



         Section 2. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the shareholders,  for
any  purpose  or  purposes,  unless  otherwise  prescribed  by statute or by the
Restated  and  Amended  Articles  of  Incorporation,  may be called by the Chief
Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer or the President, and shall be called
by the  President  at the  request  in  writing  of a  majority  of the Board of
Directors,  or at the  request  in  writing  of the  holders  of not  less  than
one-tenth  in amount of all the  issued  and  outstanding  shares of the  entire
capital stock of the corporation  entitled to vote at the meeting.  Such request
shall state the purpose or purposes of the proposed meeting. Business transacted
at any  special  meeting of the  shareholders  shall be  limited to the  purpose
stated in the notice.

         Section 3. Place of Shareholders'  Meeting.  The Board of Directors may
designate any place, either within or without the State of Iowa, as the place of
meeting for any annual meeting or for any special meeting called by the Board of
Directors.  A waiver of notice signed by all shareholders  entitled to vote at a
meeting may designate any place,  either within or without the state of Iowa, as
the place for the holding of such meeting.  If no  designation  is made, or if a
special  meeting  be  otherwise  called,  the  place  of  meeting  shall  be the
registered office of the corporation in the State of Iowa.

         Section 4. Notice of  Meeting.  Written or printed  notice  stating the
place,  day and hour of the  meeting  and,  in case of a  special  meeting,  the
purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, shall be delivered not less
than ten nor more  than  sixty  days  before  the  date of the  meeting,  either
personally or by mail, by or at the  direction of the Chief  Executive  Officer,
Chief Operating Officer or the President, to each shareholder of record entitled
to vote at such  meeting,  but such  notice  may be  waived  in  writing  by any
shareholder.  If  mailed,  such  notice  shall be  deemed to be  delivered  when
deposited in the United States mail,  addressed to the shareholder at his or her
address as it  appears  on the stock  transfer  books of the  corporation,  with
postage thereon prepaid.

         Section 5. Closing of Transfer  Books or Fixing of Record Date. For the
purpose  of  determining  shareholders  entitled  to notice of or to vote at any
meeting of shareholders or any adjournment thereof, or shareholders  entitled to
receive  payment  of any  dividend,  or in  order  to  make a  determination  of
shareholders  for any  other  proper  purpose,  the  Board of  Directors  of the
corporation  may provide that the stock  transfer books shall be closed a stated
period but not to exceed, in any case, sixty days. If the stock transfer books  

<PAGE>



shall be closed for the  purpose of  determining  shareholders  entitled to
notice of or to vote at a meeting of  shareholders,  such books  shall be closed
for at least ten days immediately preceding such meeting. In lieu of closing the
stock  transfer  books,  the Board of Directors may fix in advance a date as the
record date for any such determination of shareholders, such date in any case to
be not more than sixty days, and in case of a meeting of shareholders,  not less
than ten days prior to the date on which the particular  action,  requiring such
determination of  shareholders,  is to be taken. If the stock transfer books are
not closed and no record  date is fixed for the  determination  of  shareholders
entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of  shareholders,  or shareholders
entitled  to receive  payment  of a  dividend,  the date on which  notice of the
meeting is mailed or the date on which the  resolution of the Board of Directors
declaring such dividend is adopted, as the case may be, shall be the record date
for such  determination  of  shareholders.  When a determination of shareholders
entitled  to vote at any  meeting of  shareholders  has been made as provided in
this section, such determination shall apply to any adjournment thereof.

         Section 6. Voting  Lists.  The officers or agent  having  charge of the
stock transfer books for shares of the corporation shall make, at least ten days
before  each  meeting  of  shareholders,  a  complete  list of the  shareholders
entitled  to vote at such  meeting,  or any  adjournment  thereof,  arranged  in
alphabetical  order,  with the address of and the number of shares held by each,
which  list,  for a period of ten days prior to such  meeting,  shall be kept on
file at the  registered  office  of the  corporation  and  shall be  subject  to
inspection by any shareholder at any time during usual business hours. Such list
shall also be  produced  and kept open at the time and place of the  meeting and
shall be subject to the inspection of any  shareholder  during the whole time of
the meeting.  The original  stock transfer book shall be prima facie evidence as
to who are the  shareholders  entitled to examine such list or transfer books or
to vote at any meeting of shareholders.

         Section  7.  Quorum.  The  holders  of a  majority  of the  issued  and
outstanding shares of the corporation entitled to vote, represented in person or
by proxy,  shall  constitute a quorum at all meetings of shareholders  except as
otherwise  provided by the Iowa Business  Corporation Act or by the Restated and
Amended Articles of Incorporation.  If a quorum is present, the affirmative vote
of the  holders  of a majority  of the shares  represented  at the  meeting  and
entitled to vote

                                     - 19 -

<PAGE>



on the subject matter shall be the act of the shareholders, unless the vote of a
greater number or voting by classes is required by the Iowa Business Corporation
Act, the Restated and Amended Articles of Incorporation, or by these By-Laws. If
less than a majority of the outstanding shares are represented at a meeting, the
chairman  of  the  meeting  or the  holders  of a  majority  of  the  shares  so
represented,  either in person or by proxy,  may  adjourn the meeting to another
place, date or time without further notice; provided,  however, that if the date
of any  adjourned  meeting is more than thirty days after the date for which the
meeting  was  originally  noticed,  or if a new  record  date is  fixed  for the
adjourned  meeting,  written notice of the place,  day and hour of the adjourned
meeting  shall be given as required in Section 4. At such  adjourned  meeting at
which a quorum shall be present or  represented,  any business may be transacted
which might have been  transacted  at the meeting as  originally  notified.  The
shareholders  present at a duly  organized  meeting  may  continue  to  transact
business   until   adjournment,   notwithstanding   the   withdrawal  of  enough
shareholders to leave less than a quorum.

         When a quorum is present at any  meeting,  the vote of the holders of a
majority of the stock having  voting power present in person or  represented  by
proxy shall decide any question brought before such meeting, unless the question
is one upon which by written expression of the Iowa Business  Corporation Act or
of the  Restated  and Amended  Articles  of  Incorporation  a different  vote is
required,  in which case,  such express  provision  shall govern and control the
decision of such question.

         Section 8. Proxies. At all meetings of shareholders,  a shareholder may
vote either in person or by proxy  executed in writing by the  shareholder or by
his  duly  authorized  attorney  in fact.  Such  proxy  shall be filed  with the
Secretary  of the  corporation  before or at the time of the  meeting.  No proxy
shall be valid  after  eleven  months  from  the date of its  execution,  unless
otherwise provided in the proxy.

         Section 9. Voting of Shares. Subject to the provisions of Section 10 of
this Article II, each outstanding share,  regardless of class, shall be entitled
to one vote upon each  matter  submitted  to vote at a meeting of  shareholders,
except  to the  extent  that the  voting  rights  of the  shares of any class or
classes  are  limited  or  denied  by  the  Restated  and  Amended  Articles  of
Incorporation, as amended from time to time.



                                     - 20 -

<PAGE>



         Section  10.  Voting of Shares by  Certain  Holders.  Neither  treasury
shares nor, unless the Restated and Amended Articles of Incorporation  otherwise
provide, shares held by another corporation if a majority of the shares entitled
to vote for the election of directors of such other  corporation is held by this
corporation,  shall be voted at any meeting or counted in determining  the total
number of outstanding  shares at any given time.  Shares standing in the name of
another corporation, domestic or foreign, may be voted by such officer, agent or
proxy as the By-Laws of such  corporation  may prescribe,  or, in the absence of
such  provision,  as the Board of Directors of such  corporation  may determine.
Shares held by an administrator,  executor, guardian or conservator may be voted
by him, either in person or by proxy, without a transfer of such shares into his
name.  Shares  standing in the name of a trustee may be voted by him,  either in
person or by proxy,  but no trustee shall be entitled to vote shares held by him
without a transfer of such shares into his name.  Shares standing in the name of
a  receiver  may be voted by such  receiver,  and  shares  held by or under  the
control of a receiver may be voted by the receiver  without the transfer thereof
into his name if authority so to do be contained in an appropriate  order of the
court by which such  receiver  was  appointed.  A  shareholder  whose shares are
pledged  shall be  entitled  to vote  such  shares  until the  shares  have been
transferred  into the name of the pledgee,  and  thereafter the pledgee shall be
entitled to vote the shares so transferred. Shares of its own stock belonging to
this corporation shall not be voted, directly or indirectly,  at any meeting and
shall not be counted in determining  the total number of  outstanding  shares at
any time, but shares of its own stock held by it in a fiduciary  capacity may be
voted and shall be counted in determining the total number of outstanding shares
at any given time.

         Section 11. Informal Action by Shareholders.  Any action required to be
taken at a meeting of the  shareholders,  or any other action which may be taken
at a meeting of the shareholders,  may be taken without a meeting if one or more
consents in writing,  setting forth the action so taken,  shall be signed by the
holders  of not less  than  ninety  percent  in  amount  of all the  issued  and
outstanding  shares of the entire capital stock of the  corporation  entitled to
vote with  respect  to the  subject  matter  thereof  at such a meeting  and are
delivered to the  Secretary of the  corporation  for inclusion in the minutes or
filing with the  corporate  records.  A written  consent  shall bear the date of
signature of each shareholder who signs the consent and no written consent shall
be effective to take the  corporate  action  referred to in the consent  unless,
within sixty days of the

                                     - 21 -

<PAGE>



earliest dated consent  delivered in the manner  required by this Section to the
corporation,  written consents signed by a sufficient  number of holders to take
the action are delivered to the corporation.

         Section 12. Inspectors. At any meeting of shareholders, the chairman of
the meeting may, or upon the request of any  shareholder,  shall  appoint one or
more persons as inspectors for such meeting. Such inspectors shall ascertain and
report  the  number of shares  represented  at the  meeting,  based  upon  their
determination of the validity and effect of proxies;  count all votes and report
the  results;  and do such other acts as are proper to conduct the  election and
voting with impartiality and fairness to all the shareholders. Each report of an
inspector  shall be in writing  and  signed by him or by a  majority  of them if
there be more than one inspector  acting at such meeting.  If there is more than
one inspector,  the report of a majority shall be the report of the  inspectors.
The report of the inspector or inspectors on the number of shares represented at
the meeting and the results of the voting shall be prima facie evidence thereof.

         Section 13. Voting by Ballot. Voting by shareholders on any question or
in any election may be viva voce unless the presiding officer shall order or any
shareholder shall demand that voting be by ballot.


                                   ARTICLE III

                               BOARD OF DIRECTORS

         Section 1.  Powers.  The Board of  Directors  may,  except as otherwise
required  by law or by the  Restated  and  Amended  Articles  of  Incorporation,
exercise  all such powers and do all such acts and things as may be exercised or
done by the  corporation,  including,  without  limiting the  generality  of the
foregoing, the unqualified power:

                  (1)       To declare dividends from time to time in
         accordance with law;

                  (2)       To purchase or otherwise acquire any property,
         rights or privileges on such terms as it shall determine;

                  (3) To authorize  the creation,  making and issuance,  in such
         form  as it may  determine,  of  written  obligations  of  every  kind,
         negotiable  or  non-negotiable,  secured  or  unsecured,  and to do all
         things necessary in connection therewith;

                                     - 22 -

<PAGE>



                  (4) To remove any officer of the  corporation  with or without
         cause,  and from time to time to  devolve  the powers and duties of any
         officer upon any other person for the time being;

                  (5)      To confer upon any officer of the corporation
         the power to appoint, remove and suspend subordinate
         officers and agents;

                  (6) To adopt  from  time to time  such  stock,  option,  stock
         purchase, bonus or other compensation plans for directors, officers and
         agents of the corporation and its subsidiaries as it may determine;

                  (7) To adopt from time to time such insurance, retirement, and
         other  benefit  plans  for  directors,   officers  and  agents  of  the
         corporation and its subsidiaries as it may determine; and

                  (8) To adopt from time to time  regulations,  not inconsistent
         with these By-Laws,  for the management of the  corporation's  business
         and affairs.

         Section 2. Number, Tenure and Qualifications. The Board of Directors of
the  Corporation  shall  consist of not more than nine (9) members nor less than
four (4) members.  At each annual meeting the shareholders shall elect directors
to hold office until the next succeeding annual meeting, and each director shall
hold office for the term for which he is elected,  and until his successor shall
have been elected and  qualified.  The Board of Directors  may,  upon a majority
vote of its members,  increase or decrease  the number of  directors  within the
limits  set  up  forth  above.  Vacancies  in  the  board  of  directors  or new
directorships created by an increase in the number of directors may be filled by
election by a majority of the remaining  members of the board of  directors,  no
less than a  quorum,  and the  person  filling  such  vacancy  or  newly-created
directorship  shall  serve  out  the  remainder  of  the  term  of  the  vacated
directorship or, in the case of a new directorship,  the term designated for the
particular director. The directors need not be residents of the State of Iowa or
shareholders of the Corporation.

         Section  3.  Regular  Meetings.  A  regular  meeting  of the  Board  of
Directors shall be held without other notice than this By-Law immediately after,
and at the same  place as,  the annual  meeting  of  shareholders.  The Board of
Directors  may provide,  by  resolution,  the time and place,  either  within or
without  the State of Iowa,  for the  holding  of  additional  regular  meetings
without other notice than such resolution.

                                     - 23 -

<PAGE>



         Section 4. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors
may be  called  by or at the  request  of the  Chief  Executive  Officer,  Chief
Operating  Officer,  the President or any two  Directors.  The person or persons
authorized to call special meetings of the Board of Directors may fix any place,
either within or without the State of Iowa, as the place for holding any special
meeting of the Board of Directors called by him or them.

         Section  5.  Notice.  Notice  of any  special  meeting  of the Board of
Directors  shall be  given at least  twenty-four  hours  previously  thereto  by
telephone or by telegram.  If notice be given by telegram,  such notice shall be
deemed to be delivered when the telegram is delivered to the telegraph  company.
Any Director may waive notice of any meeting.  The attendance of a Director at a
meeting  shall  constitute  a waiver of notice of such  meeting,  except where a
Director  attends  a  meeting  for  the  express  purpose  of  objecting  to the
transaction  of any  business  because  the  meeting is not  lawfully  called or
convened.  Neither  the  business to be  transacted  at, nor the purpose of, any
regular or special  meeting of the Board of  Directors  need be specified in the
notice or waiver of notice of such meeting.

         Section 6.  Quorum.  A majority  of the number of the duly  elected and
qualified  Directors shall  constitute a quorum for the transaction of business;
provided,  that if less than a majority of such number of Directors  are present
at said  meeting,  a majority of the  Directors  present may adjourn the meeting
from time to time without further notice.

         Section 7. Manner of Action.  The act of the majority of the  Directors
present at a meeting at which a quorum is present  shall be the act of the Board
of Directors,  except as may be otherwise  specifically provided by statute, the
Restated and Amended Articles of  Incorporation or these ByLaws.  Members of the
Board of Directors or any committee designated by such Board, may participate in
a  meeting  of such  Board or  committee  by  conference  telephone  or  similar
communications equipment by means of which all persons attending the meeting can
hear each other,  and  participation  in the meeting  pursuant to this provision
shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

     Section 8. Compensation. The Board of Directors, by the affirmative vote of
a  majority  of  Directors  then in office,  and  irrespective  of any  personal
interest of any of its members,  shall have  authority  to establish  reasonable
compensation  of all  directors  for services to the  corporation  as Directors,
officers or otherwise. By resolution of the

                                     - 24 -

<PAGE>



Board of  Directors,  the  Directors  may be paid  their  expenses,  if any,  of
attendance  at each  meeting of the Board.  No such payment  shall  preclude any
Director  from  serving the  Corporation  in any other  capacity  and  receiving
compensation therefore. Members of special or standing committees may be allowed
like compensation for attending committee meetings.

         Section 9.  Presumption of Assent. A Director of the corporation who is
present  at the  meeting  of the  Board  of  Directors  at which  action  on any
corporate matter is taken shall be presumed to have assented to the action taken
unless his  dissent  shall be entered in the minutes of the meeting or unless he
shall file his  written  dissent to such  action  with the person  acting as the
Secretary of the meeting  before the  adjournment  thereof or shall forward such
dissent by  registered  or certified  mail to the  Secretary of the  corporation
immediately  after the  adjournment of the meeting.  Such right to dissent shall
not apply to a Director who voted in favor of such action.

         Section  10.   Informal  Action  by  Directors.   Unless   specifically
prohibited by statute,  the Restated and Amended  Articles of  Incorporation  or
these By-Laws, any action required to be taken at a meeting of the Directors, or
any  other  action  which  may be taken at a meeting  of the  Directors  or of a
committee of Directors,  may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing,
setting  forth the action so taken,  shall be signed by all of the  Directors or
all of the members of the committee of Directors,  as the case may be,  entitled
to vote with respect to the subject matter  thereof,  and filed with the minutes
of  proceedings  of the Board of  Directors or committee as the case may be. Any
such consent  signed by all the  Directors or all the members of such  committee
shall have the same effect as a unanimous vote, and may be stated as such in any
document filed with the Secretary of State, or issued for any other reason.

         Section 11.  Committees  of  Directors.  In  addition  to an  Executive
Committee,  an  Audit  Committee,  a  Nominating  Committee  and a  Compensation
Committee,  the Board of Directors  may, by resolution  adopted by a majority of
the whole Board of Directors, designate from among its members one or more other
committees,  each  committee  to consist of two or more of the  Directors of the
corporation, which, to the extent provided in the resolution, shall have and may
exercise the powers of the Board of Directors in the  management of the business
and affairs of the  corporation and may authorize the seal of the corporation to
be affixed to all papers  which may  require it. Such  committee  or  committees
shall have such name or names as may be determined

                                     - 25 -

<PAGE>



from time to time by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors.

     Section 12. Committee Minutes. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of
its meetings and report the same to the Board of Directors when required.


                                   ARTICLE IV

                                    OFFICERS

         Section 1.  Number.  The officers of the  corporation  shall be a Chief
Executive  Officer,  Chief  Operating  Officer,  President,  one  or  more  Vice
Presidents,  a Secretary  and a Treasurer,  each of whom shall be elected by the
Board of Directors. Such other officers,  assistant officers and acting officers
as may  be  deemed  necessary  may be  elected  or  appointed  by the  Board  of
Directors.  Any two or more  offices may be held by the same person  except that
the offices of President and Secretary shall not be held by the same person.

         Section 2. Election and Term of Office. The officers of the corporation
to be elected by the Board of Directors  shall be elected  annually by the Board
of  Directors  at the first  meeting of the Board of  Directors  held after each
annual  meeting of the  shareholders.  If the election of officers  shall not be
held at such  meeting,  such  election  shall  be  held  as soon  thereafter  as
conveniently  may be.  Vacancies may be filled or new offices created and filled
at any meeting of the Board of  Directors.  Each officer shall hold office until
his  successor  shall have been duly elected and qualified or until his death or
until he shall  resign or shall  have been  removed  in the  manner  hereinafter
provided.  Election  or  appointment  of an officer or agent shall not of itself
create contract rights.

         Section 3. Other  Officers.  The Board of  Directors  may appoint  such
officers  and  agents,  including  a  Chairman  of the  Board,  as it shall deem
necessary,  who shall hold their offices for such terms and shall  exercise such
powers and perform such duties as shall be  determined  from time to time by the
Board.



                                     - 26 -

<PAGE>



         Section 4.  Removal.  Any officer or agent  elected or appointed by the
Board of Directors may be removed by the  affirmative  vote of a majority of the
Board of Directors at any meeting whenever in its judgment the best interests of
the  corporation  would be served  thereby,  but such  removal  shall be without
prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed.

     Section  5.   Vacancies.   A  vacancy  in  any  office  because  of  death,
resignation,  removal, disqualification or otherwise, may be filled by the Board
of Directors for the unexpired portion of the term.

         Section 6. The Chief  Executive  Officer.  The Board of  Directors  may
elect a Chief Executive Officer who, in the event of such election, shall be the
principal  executive  officer of the  corporation  and,  subject to the  general
powers of the Board of Directors,  shall in general supervise and control all of
the business and affairs of the corporation.  He shall, when present, preside at
all meetings of the  shareholders  and of the Board of  Directors.  He may sign,
with the  Secretary or any other  proper  officer of the  corporation  thereunto
authorized  by  the  Board  of  Directors,   certificates   for  shares  of  the
corporation,  any deeds, mortgages,  bonds, contracts or other instruments which
the Board of Directors has authorized to be executed,  except in cases where the
signing and  execution  thereof  shall be  expressly  delegated  by the Board of
Directors or by these ByLaws to some other officer or agent of the  corporation,
or shall be required by law to be otherwise  signed or executed,  and,  shall in
general perform all duties incident to the office of the Chief Executive Officer
and such other  duties as may be  prescribed  by the  By-laws or by the Board of
Directors from time to time.

         Section 7. The Chief  Operating  Officer.  The Board of  Directors  may
elect a Chief  Operating  Officer who, in the event of such  election and in the
absence of the Chief Executive  Officer or in the event of his death,  inability
or refusal to act, shall perform the duties of the Chief Executive Officer,  and
when  so  acting,  shall  have  all  the  powers  of and be  subject  to all the
restrictions upon the Chief Executive  Officer;  and in addition thereto,  shall
perform  such  other  duties as may be  assigned  to him by the Chief  Executive
Officer or by the Board of Directors or prescribed by the By-Laws.



                                     - 27 -

<PAGE>



         Section 8. The President. In the absence of the Chief Executive Officer
and Chief  Operating  Officer,  the President  shall be the principal  executive
officer of the  corporation  and,  subject to the general powers of the Board of
Directors,  shall in general  supervise  and  control  all of the  business  and
affairs of the  corporation  to the same extent as that  permitted  by the Chief
Executive Officer under Section 6 of this Article IV.

         Section 9. The Secretary.  The Secretary shall: (a) attend all meetings
of the Board of  Directors  and all  meetings of the  shareholders  and keep the
minutes of the shareholders'  and of the Board of Directors'  meetings in one or
more books  provided  for that  purpose,  and shall  perform like duties for the
standing  committees  when required;  (b) see that all notices are duly given in
accordance  with the  provisions  of these By-Laws or as required by law; (c) be
custodian  of the  corporate  records;  (d) keep a register  of the post  office
address of each  shareholder  which shall be furnished to the  Secretary by such
shareholder;  (e)  have  general  charge  of the  stock  transfer  books  of the
corporation;  (f) in  general  perform  all  duties  incident  to the  office of
Secretary  and such other  duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by
the  President  or by the  Board  of  Directors;  and (g)  have  custody  of the
corporate seal of the corporation,  if any, and have authority to affix the same
to any  instrument  requiring it and when so affixed,  it may be attested by his
signature.  The  Board of  Directors  may give  general  authority  to any other
officer to affix the seal of the corporation, if any, and to attest the affixing
by his signature.

         Section 10. The Treasurer.  If required by the Board of Directors,  the
Treasurer shall give a bond for the faithful discharge of his duties in such sum
and with such surety or sureties as the Board of Directors shall  determine.  He
shall:  (a) have  charge  and  custody of and be  responsible  for all funds and
securities  of the  corporation;  receive and give  receipts  for moneys due and
payable to the  corporation  from any source  whatsoever,  and  deposit all such
moneys in the name of the  corporation in such banks,  trust  companies or other
depositories as shall be selected in accordance with the provisions of Article V
of these By-Laws; (b) disburse the funds of the corporation as may be ordered by
the Board of Directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements;  (c) keep
full and accurate  accounts of receipts and  disbursements in books belonging to
the  corporation;  (d) render to the Chief  Executive  Officer,  Chief Operating
Officer or the President and the Board of Directors, at its regular meetings, or
when the Board of Directors so requires,

                                     - 28 -

<PAGE>



     an account of his transactions as Treasurer and the financial  condition of
corporation; and (e) in general perform all of the duties incident to the office
of  Treasurer  and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him
by the Chief Executive  Officer,  Chief Operating Officer or the President or by
the Board of Directors.

         Section 11. The Vice  President.  In the absence of the Chief Executive
Officer, Chief Operating Officer and President,  or in the event of their death,
inability or refusal to act, the Vice  President  (or in the event there be more
than one Vice President,  the Vice President in the order designated,  or in the
absence of any  designation,  then in the order of their election) shall perform
the duties of the President, and when so acting, shall perform the duties of the
President,  and when so  acting,  shall have all the powers of and be subject to
all the restrictions upon the President;  and in addition thereto, shall perform
such other duties as may be assigned to him by the  President or by the Board of
Directors or prescribed by the By-Laws.

         Section  12.  Other  Assistants  and  Acting  Officers.  The  Board  of
Directors  shall have the power to appoint any person to act as assistant to any
officer,  or to perform the duties of such officer whenever for any reason it is
impracticable  for such officer to act personally,  and such assistant or acting
officer so appointed  by the Board of Directors  shall have the power to perform
all the duties of the office to which he is so appointed to be assistant,  or as
to which he is so  appointed  to act,  except  as such  power  may be  otherwise
defined or restricted by the Board of Directors.

         Section 13. Salaries.  The salaries of the officers shall be fixed from
time to time by the Board of Directors,  and no officer shall be prevented  from
receiving  such  salary by reason of the fact that he is also a Director  of the
corporation.


                                    ARTICLE V

                     WRITTEN INSTRUMENTS, LOANS AND DEPOSITS


     Section 1. Written  Instruments.  Subject always to the specific directions
of the Board of Directors,  all deeds and mortgages  made by the  corporation to
which the  corporation  shall be a party  shall be  executed  in its name by the
Chief Executive  Officer,  Chief Operating  Officer or the President or the Vice
President and attested by the Secretary. All

                                     - 29 -

<PAGE>



other written contracts and agreements to which the corporation shall be a party
shall be executed in its name by the Chief  Executive  Officer,  Chief Operating
Officer or the President or such other officer as may be designated by the Board
of Directors and attested by the Secretary.

     Section 2. Loans. No loans shall be contracted on behalf of the corporation
and no evidences of indebtedness  shall be issued in its name unless  authorized
by a resolution  of the Board of  Directors.  Such  authority  may be general or
confined to specific instances.

         Section 3. Checks,  Drafts, etc. All checks,  drafts,  other orders for
the payment of money,  notes or other  evidences of  indebtedness  issued in the
name of the  corporation  shall be signed by such  officer or offices,  agent or
agents  of the  corporation  and in such  manner  as shall  from time to time be
determined by resolution of the Board of Directors.

         Section  4.  Deposits.  All  funds  of the  corporation  not  otherwise
employed shall be deposited  from time to time to the credit of the  corporation
in such banks,  trust companies or other  depositories as the Board of Directors
may select.


                                   ARTICLE VI

                   CERTIFICATES FOR SHARES AND THEIR TRANSFER


         Section  1.  Certificates  for  Shares.  Every  holder of shares of the
corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate  representing  shares of the
corporation.  Subject to the  provisions of the Iowa Business  Corporation  Act,
certificates representing shares of the corporation shall be in such form as may
be determined by the Board of Directors.  Such  certificates  shall be signed by
the Chief  Executive  Officer,  Chief  Operating  Officer,  President  or a Vice
President and the  Secretary or an Assistant  Secretary of the  corporation  and
shall be sealed with the seal of the  corporation  or a facsimile  thereof.  The
signatures of the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer, President or
Vice President and the Secretary or Assistant  Secretary upon a certificate  may
be facsimiles.  If the  certificate is  countersigned  by a transfer  agent,  or
registered  by a  registrar,  the  signatures  of the  person  signing  for such
transfer agent or registrar also may be facsimiles. In case any officer or other
authorized  person who has signed or whose  facsimile  signature has been placed
upon such

                                     - 30 -

<PAGE>



certificate for the corporation shall have ceased to be such officer or employee
or agent before such certificate is issued,  it may be issued by the corporation
with the same effect as if he were such officer or employee or agent at the date
of its issue. All  certificates  for shares shall be  consecutively  numbered or
otherwise  identified.  The name of the  person to whom the  shares  represented
thereby  are  issued,  with the  number  of shares  and date of issue,  shall be
entered on the books of the  corporation.  All  certificates  surrendered to the
corporation  for transfer shall be cancelled,  and no new  certificate  shall be
issued until the former  certificate for a like number of shares shall have been
surrendered  and  cancelled,  except that in the case of a lost,  destroyed,  or
mutilated  certificate  a new one may be issued  therefor  upon  such  terms and
indemnity to the corporation as the Board of Directors may prescribe.

         Section 2.  Transfers  of Shares.  Subject to the rights  conferred  by
Chapter  554 of the  Code of  Iowa,  as  amended,  transfers  of  shares  of the
corporation  shall be made only on the books of the corporation by the holder of
record thereof or by his legal representative, who shall furnish proper evidence
of authority to transfer,  or by his attorney  thereunto  authorized by power of
attorney duly executed and filed with the Secretary of the corporation, and only
on surrender for  cancellation  of the  certificate  for such shares.  Except as
otherwise provided by law, the person in whose name shares stand on the books of
the  corporation  shall be deemed the owner  thereof for all purposes as regards
the corporation.

         Section 3. Registered Shareholder. The corporation shall be entitled to
recognize the exclusive  right of a person  registered on its books as the owner
of shares to  receive  dividends,  and to vote as such  owner,  and shall not be
bound to recognize  any equitable or other claim to, or interest in, such shares
on the part of any other  person,  whether or not it shall have express or other
notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by law.

         Section 4. Stock  Regulations.  The Board of  Directors  shall have the
power  and  authority  to make  all  such  further  rules  and  regulations  not
inconsistent  with the statutes of the State of Iowa as they may deem  expedient
concerning the issue,  transfer,  and registration of certificates  representing
shares of the corporation.




                                     - 31 -

<PAGE>



                                   ARTICLE VII

                                   FISCAL YEAR

      The fiscal year of the corporation shall begin on the 1st day of May
and end on the 30th day of April in each year.


                                  ARTICLE VIII

                                    DIVIDENDS


         The  Board  of  Directors  may  from  time  to  time  declare,  and the
corporation may pay,  dividends on its outstanding shares in the manner and upon
the terms and conditions  provided by its Articles of Incorporation and the Iowa
Business Corporation Act.


                                   ARTICLE IX

                                      SEAL

     The corporation shall have a corporate seal which shall be in the form
of a circle and which shall have inscribed  thereon the name of the  corporation
and the words Corporate Seal, Iowa.

                                    ARTICLE X

                    DIRECTORS' CONTRACTS AND INDEMNIFICATION


         Section 1.  Transactions  Concerning  Directors.  No  contract or other
transaction  between the corporation and any other corporation shall be affected
or  invalidated  by the  fact  that  any one or more  of the  Directors  of this
corporation  is or are  interested  in,  or is a  director  or  officer,  or are
directors or officers of such other corporation,  and any Director or Directors,
individually  or jointly,  may be a party or parties to or may be  interested in
any contract or transaction of this  corporation or in which this corporation is
interested;  and no contract,  act or transaction of this  corporation  with any
person or persons, firm or association,  shall be affected or invalidated by the
fact that any  Director or  Directors  of this  corporation  is a party,  or are
parties to, or interested in, such contract, act, or transaction,  or in any way
connected  with such  person or  persons,  firm or  association.  Each and every
person who

                                     - 32 -

<PAGE>



may become a Director of this  corporation is hereby relieved from any liability
that might otherwise exist from contracting with the corporation for the benefit
of himself or any firm or corporation in which he may be in any way interested.

         Sections 2 through 8.  Reserved.


                                   ARTICLE XI

                      VOTING OF SHARES OWNED BY CORPORATION

      Subject always to the specific directions of the Board of Directors,
any  share or  shares of stock  issued  by any  other  corporation  and owned or
controlled by the corporation may be voted at any shareholder's  meeting of such
other  corporation by the Chief Executive  Officer,  Chief Operating  Officer or
President  of the  corporation  if he be present,  or in his absence by the Vice
President of the  corporation who may be present.  Whenever,  in the judgment of
the Chief Executive  Officer,  Chief Operating  Officer or President,  or in his
absence, of the Vice President, it is desirable for the corporation to execute a
proxy or give a shareholders' consent in respect to any share or shares of stock
issued by any other  corporation  and owned by the  corporation,  such  proxy or
consent shall be executed in the name of the  corporation by the Chief Executive
Officer,  Chief  Operating  Officer,  President  or the  Vice  President  of the
corporation  and shall be attested by the Secretary of the  corporation  without
necessity of any authorization by the Board of Directors.  Any person or persons
designated in the manner above stated as the proxy or proxies of the corporation
shall have full right,  power and authority to vote the share or shares of stock
issued by such other  corporation  and owned by the corporation the same as such
share or shares might be voted by the corporation.


                                   ARTICLE XII

                                WAIVER OF NOTICE

        Whenever any notice is required to be given to any shareholder or
Director of the  corporation  under the  provisions  of the Restated and Amended
Articles of Incorporation, these By-Laws or the Iowa Business Corporation

                                     - 33 -

<PAGE>



Act, a waiver  thereof in writing,  signed by the person or persons  entitled to
such notice,  whether before or after the time stated  therein,  shall be deemed
equivalent to the giving of such notice.


                                  ARTICLE XIII

                               EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

         Section 1. Appointment.  The Board of Directors,  by resolution adopted
by a majority of the full board,  shall  designate two or more of its members to
constitute an Executive  Committee.  The  designation  of such committee and the
delegation  thereto of  authority  shall not  operate  to  relieve  the Board of
Directors, or any member thereof, of any responsibility imposed by law.

         Section  2.  Authority.  The  Executive  Committee,  when the  Board of
Directors is not in session, shall have and may exercise all of the authority of
the Board of Directors  except to the extent,  if any, that such authority shall
be limited by the resolution  appointing the Executive Committee and except also
that the  Executive  Committee  shall  not have the  authority  of the  Board of
Directors in reference  to amending  the Articles of  Incorporation,  adopting a
plan of merger or  consolidation,  recommending  to the  shareholders  the sale,
lease or other  disposition  of all or  substantially  all of the  property  and
assets of the corporation  otherwise than in the usual and regular course of its
business,  recommending  to the  shareholders  a  voluntary  dissolution  of the
corporation or a revocation thereof, or amending the By-Laws of the corporation.

         Section 3.  Tenure and  Qualifications.  Each  member of the  Executive
Committee  shall hold office until the next regular  annual meeting of the Board
of Directors  following his designation and until his successor is designated as
a member of the Executive Committee and is elected and qualified.

         Section 4. Meeting.  Regular meetings of the Executive Committee may be
held without  notice at such time and places as the Executive  Committee may fix
from time to time by resolution. Special meetings of the Executive Committee may
be called by any member  thereof upon not less than two day's notice stating the
place, date and hour of the meeting, which notice may be written or oral, and if
mailed, shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited in the United States mail
addressed to the member of the Executive Committee at his

                                     - 34 -

<PAGE>



business address.  Any member of the Executive Committee may waive notice of any
meeting  and no notice of any  meeting  need be given to any member  thereof who
attends in person.  The notice of a meeting of the Executive  Committee need not
state the business proposed to be transacted at the meeting.

         Section 5. Quorum. A majority of the members of the Executive Committee
shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting thereof
and action of the Executive Committee must be authorized by the affirmative vote
of a majority of the members present at a meeting at which a quorum is present.

         Section 6.  Action  without a Meeting.  Any action that may be taken by
the Executive Committee at a meeting may be taken without a meeting if a consent
in writing, setting forth the action so to be taken, shall be signed before such
action by all of the members of the Executive Committee.

         Section 7.  Vacancies.  Any vacancy in the Executive
Committee may be filled by a resolution adopted by a majority
of the full Board of Directors.

         Section  8.  Resignation  and  Removal.  Any  member  of the  Executive
Committee may be removed at any time with or without cause by resolution adopted
by a  majority  of the full  Board of  Directors.  Any  member of the  Executive
Committee may resign from the Executive  Committee at any time by giving written
notice to the Chief Executive  Officer,  Chief Operating  Officer,  President or
Secretary  of the  corporation,  and unless  otherwise  specified  therein,  the
acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.

     Section 9.  Procedure.  The  Executive  Committee  shall  elect a presiding
officer from its members and may fix its own rules or procedure  which shall not
be inconsistent with these By-Laws.


                                   ARTICLE XIV

                                 AUDIT COMMITTEE

     Section  1.  Appointment.  There  shall  exist a standing  Audit  Committee
composed of not fewer than three  Directors of the  corporation  at least two of
whom are neither officers nor employees of the  corporation.  The members of the
Audit  Committee  shall be designated by resolution  passed by a majority of the
whole Board. The Board may designate one or

                                     - 35 -

<PAGE>



more qualifying  Directors as alternate members of the Audit Committee,  who may
replace any absent or disqualified  members at any meeting of the committee.  In
the absence of any member of the Audit Committee,  the member or members thereof
present at any meeting and not  disqualified  from voting,  whether or not he or
they constitute a majority, may unanimously appoint another qualifying member of
the Board of  Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or
disqualified  member not replaced by an alternate member designated by the whole
Board.

         Section  2.  Meeting.  The Audit  Committee  shall meet on at least two
occasions each fiscal year, as specified in Section 3, below,  and on such other
occasions as the members of the committee may deem appropriate and desirable.

         Section 3. Authority. The Audit Committee shall meet each year prior to
the  initiation  of the  annual  audit and  again  following  completion  of the
investigatory  work of the  corporation's  independent  auditors.  At the former
meeting,  the  committee  shall  review  the  proper  scope  of the  audit to be
performed  by the  corporation's  independent  auditors  and  the  audit-related
expenses to be incurred by the corporation. At the latter meeting, the committee
shall:  (1) review  with the  independent  auditor  its report or  opinion,  any
recommendations  it  may  have  for  improving  internal  accounting   controls,
management  systems, or choice of accounting  principles,  and its perception of
the adequacy of the  corporation's  financial and  accounting  personnel and the
cooperation  it received from them during the audit;  and (2) adopt a resolution
recommending to the Board of Directors the accounting firm to be selected by the
board as the independent  auditor of the  corporation.  Moreover,  the committee
shall, at such times and under such  circumstances  as it may deem  appropriate:
(1)  recommend  that the Board of  Directors  discharge  the firm  acting as the
corporation's  independent auditor; (2) review the engagement of the independent
auditor,  including  the audit  fees;  (3)  review  and  approve  the  auditor's
performance of non-audit  fees and the fees for such services;  (4) evaluate the
independence of the independent auditor, taking into account the relationship of
audit to  non-audit  fees and  other  pertinent  matters;  (5)  review  with the
corporation's  financial and accounting  staff compliance with, and the need for
any  changes in, the  corporation's  policies  and  procedures  with  respect to
internal accounting, auditing and financial controls; (6) evaluate the degree of
implementation of any adopted  recommendations of the independent  auditor;  (7)
review any significant business  transactions which are not a normal part of the
corporation's business, any change in accounting

                                     - 36 -

<PAGE>



practices  and  all  significant  adjustments  in  the  corporation's  financial
statements;  and (8) perform such other functions,  in keeping with the purposes
and  authorization  of the  committee,  as the committee may deem  necessary and
appropriate  to the  accomplishment  of its  designated  objectives.  The  Audit
Committee,  to the extent  provided in this by-law,  shall have and may exercise
the powers of the Board of  Directors  in the  management  of the  business  and
affairs of the  corporation  and may authorize the seal of the corporation to be
affixed to all papers that may require it.

     Section 4. Minutes.  The Audit  Committee shall keep regular minutes of its
meetings and shall report the same to the Board of Directors when required.

         Section 5. Directors.  Each individual Director of the corporation,  as
well as the Board as a whole, shall continue to exercise due diligence to assure
that the financial  statements of the corporation  fairly and accurately present
the results of the operation and financial  position of the corporation and that
the  corporation's  financial  operations  are conducted in accordance  with all
applicable laws and regulations,  the corporation's policies and the regular and
accepted  principals of accounting.  The existence and  functioning of the Audit
Committee shall effect no derogation of this duty.


                                   ARTICLE XV

                              NOMINATING COMMITTEE


         Section 1. Appointment.  The Board of Directors,  by resolution adopted
by a majority of the full Board,  shall  designate two or more of its members to
constitute a Nominating  Committee.  The  designation  of such committee and the
delegation  thereto of  authority  shall not  operate  to  relieve  the Board of
Directors, or any member thereof, of any responsibility imposed by law.

         Section 2. Authority. The Nominating Committee shall, at such times and
under such circumstances as it may deem appropriate:  (1) establish criteria and
procedures for the election of Directors;  (2) review the qualifications of and,
when it deems  appropriate,  interview  candidates  proposed for  nomination  as
Directors; (3) recommend to the Board of Directors not less than sixty (60) days
prior to the Annual Meeting of shareholders Directors to be elected at such

                                     - 37 -

<PAGE>



meeting;  and (4) perform such other duties in  connection  with the election or
termination of Directors as the Board of Directors may request.

         Section 3. Shareholder  Nomination of Director Candidates.  Nominations
for the election of Directors may be made by the Nominating  Committee appointed
by the Board of Directors or by any shareholder entitled to vote in the election
of  Directors  generally.  However,  any  shareholder  entitled  to  vote in the
election of Directors generally may nominate one or more persons for election as
Directors at a meeting only if written  notice of such  shareholder's  intent to
make such nomination or nominations has been given,  either by personal delivery
or by United  States  registered  or certified  mail,  postage  prepaid,  return
receipt  requested,  received by the Secretary of the corporation not later than
(i) with respect to an election to be held at an Annual Meeting of shareholders,
at least  thirty (30) days,  but not more than  ninety  (90) days,  prior to the
anniversary  date of the record date set for the  immediately  preceding  Annual
Meeting of  shareholders,  and (ii) with  respect to an election to be held at a
special  meeting of  shareholders  for the election of  Directors,  the close of
business  on the  seventh  (7) day  following  the date on which  notice of such
meeting is first given to  shareholders.  Each such notice shall set forth:  (a)
the name and address of the  shareholder  who intends to make the nomination and
of the  person  or  persons  to be  nominated;  (b) a  representation  that  the
shareholder is a holder of record of Common Stock of the corporation entitled to
vote at such  meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting
to nominate the person or persons specified in the notice;  (c) a description of
all arrangements or understandings  between the shareholder and each nominee and
any other person or persons  (naming  such person or persons)  pursuant to which
the nomination or nominations are to be made by the shareholder;  (d) such other
information  regarding  each nominee  proposed by such  shareholder  as would be
required to be included in a proxy  statement  filed pursuant to the proxy rules
of the Securities and Exchange  Commission,  had the nominee been nominated,  or
intended to be nominated, by the Board of Directors; and (e) the consent of each
nominee to serve as a Director of the corporation if so elected. The chairman of
the meeting may refuse to  acknowledge  the nomination of any person not made in
compliance with the foregoing procedure.

     Section  4.  Tenure  and  Qualifications.  Each  member  of the  Nominating
Committee  shall hold office until the next regular  Annual Meeting of the Board
of Directors  following his designation and until his successor is designated as
a

                                     - 38 -

<PAGE>



member of the Nominating Committee and is elected and qualified.

         Section 5. Meetings.  Regular meetings of the Nominating  Committee may
be held without notice at such time and places as the  Nominating  Committee may
fix  from  time  to time  by  resolution.  Special  meetings  of the  Nominating
Committee  may be  called  by any  member  thereof  upon not less than two day's
notice  stating the place,  date and hour of the  meeting,  which  notice may be
written or oral,  and if mailed,  shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited
in the United States mail addressed to the member of the Nominating Committee at
his business address. Any member of the Nominating Committee may waive notice of
any meeting and no notice of any meeting need be given to any member thereof who
attends in person. The notice of a meeting of the Nominating  Committee need not
state the business proposed to be transacted at the meeting.

         Section  6.  Quorum.  A  majority  of the  members  of  the  Nominating
Committee  shall  constitute  a quorum for the  transaction  of  business at any
meeting thereof and action of the Nominating Committee must be authorized by the
affirmative  vote of a majority of the  members  present at a meeting at which a
quorum is present.

         Section 7.  Action  Without a Meeting.  Any action that may be taken by
the  Nominating  Committee  at a meeting  may be taken  without  a meeting  if a
consent in  writing,  setting  forth the action so to be taken,  shall be signed
before such action by all of the members of the Nominating Committee.

     Section 8. Vacancies. Any vacancy in the Nominating Committee may be filled
by a resolution adopted by a majority of the full Board of Directors.

         Section 9.  Resignations  and  Removal.  Any  member of the  Nominating
Committee may be removed at any time with or without cause by resolution adopted
by a majority  of the full  Board of  Directors.  Any  member of the  Nominating
Committee may resign from the Nominating Committee at any time by giving written
notice to the Chief Executive  Officer,  Chief Operating  Officer,  President or
Secretary  of the  corporation,  and unless  otherwise  specified  therein,  the
acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.

     Section 10. Procedure and Minutes.  The Nominating  Committee shall elect a
presiding  officer from its members and may fix its own rules of procedure which
shall not be inconsistent with these By-Laws. The Nominating Committee

                                     - 39 -

<PAGE>



shall keep  regular  minutes of its  meetings  and shall  report the same to the
Board of Directors when required.


                                   ARTICLE XVI

                             COMPENSATION COMMITTEE


         Section 1. Appointment.  The Board of Directors,  by resolution adopted
by a majority of the full Board,  shall  designate two or more of its members to
constitute a Compensation  Committee.  The designation of such committee and the
delegation  thereto of  authorities  shall not  operate to relieve  the Board of
Directors, or any member thereof, of any responsibility imposed by law.

         Section 2. Authority.  The Compensation  Committee shall meet each year
at least once,  not less than 30 nor more than 60 days before the Annual Meeting
of the Board of Directors,  and at such other times and under such circumstances
as it  may  deem  appropriate:  (1) to  review  management's  evaluation  of the
performance  of the  executive  officers of the  Company and their  compensation
arrangements;  and (2) to recommend to the Board of Directors  the  compensation
levels,  salaries  and  bonuses  of the  Company's  executive  officers  for the
following  year.  The   Compensation   Committee  also  shall  review  and  make
recommendations   to  the  Board  of  Directors   regarding   the   compensation
arrangements  of the  Company's  outside  directors and with respect to employee
benefit programs and bonus or other benefit plans affecting  executive  officers
and directors.

         Section 3. Tenure and  Qualifications.  Each member of the Compensation
Committee  shall hold office until the next regular  Annual Meeting of the Board
of Directors  following his designation and until his successor is designated as
a member of the Compensation Committee and is elected and qualified.

         Section 4. Meetings. Regular meetings of the Compensation Committee may
be held without notice at such time and places as the Compensation Committee may
fix  from  time to time by  resolution.  Special  meetings  of the  Compensation
Committee  may be  called  by any  member  thereof  upon not less than two day's
notice  stating the place,  date and hour of the  meeting,  which  notice may be
written or oral,  and if mailed,  shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited
in the United States mail addressed to the member of the Compensation  Committee
at his business address. Any member

                                     - 40 -

<PAGE>



of the  Compensation  Committee may waive notice of any meeting and no notice of
any  meeting  need be given to any member  thereof  who  attends in person.  The
notice of a meeting of the  Compensation  Committee  need not state the business
proposed to be transacted at the meeting.

         Section 5.  Quorum.  A  majority  of the  members  of the  Compensation
Committee  shall  constitute  a quorum for the  transaction  of  business at any
meeting thereof and action of the  Compensation  Committee must be authorized by
the affirmative  vote of a majority of the members present at a meeting at which
a quorum is present.

         Section 6.  Action  Without a Meeting.  Any action that may be taken by
the  Compensation  Committee  at a meeting  may be taken  without a meeting if a
consent in  writing,  setting  forth the action so to be taken,  shall be signed
before such action by all of the members of the Compensation Committee.

     Section 7.  Vacancies.  Any vacancy in the  Compensation  Committee  may be
filled by a resolution adopted by a majority of the full Board of Directors.

         Section 8.  Resignations  and Removal.  Any member of the  Compensation
Committee may be removed at any time with or without cause by resolution adopted
by a majority  of the full Board of  Directors.  Any member of the  Compensation
Committee  may  resign  from the  Compensation  Committee  at any time by giving
written  notice  to  the  Chief  Executive  Officer,  Chief  Operating  Officer,
President  or  Secretary  of the  corporation,  and unless  otherwise  specified
therein,  the acceptance of such  resignation  shall not be necessary to make it
effective.

         Section 9.  Procedure and Minutes.  The  Compensation  Committee  shall
elect a  presiding  officer  from  its  members  and may  fix its own  rules  of
procedure which shall not be inconsistent  with these By-Laws.  The Compensation
Committee  shall keep regular  minutes of its meetings and shall report the same
to the Board of Directors when required.


                                  ARTICLE XVII

                                   AMENDMENTS

         These By-Laws may be altered,  amended or repealed, and new By-Laws may
be adopted,  at any regular or special  meeting of the Board of Directors of the
corporation by a majority vote of the Directors present at the meeting.


                                     - 41 -

<PAGE>



                                     * * * *

         The foregoing are the Amended and Restated  By-Laws of Casey's  General
Stores, Inc., duly amended and restated as of December 4, 1995.





                                     - 42 -

<PAGE>



                                                                    Exhibit 11


                          CASEY'S GENERAL STORES, INC.
                        Computation of Per Share Earnings

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                                        Three Months Ended
                                                              July 31,
                                                        1996         1995

<S>                                                   <C>            <C>
  Weighted average number of
    common and common equivalent
    shares:
      Weighted average number
        of shares outstanding                         26,225,206    26,009,989
      Shares applicable to
        stock options                                     68,218        64,990
                                                      ----------    ----------

                                                      26,293,424    26,074,979

  Net income                                         $ 8,870,702     7,912,480
                                                      ==========    ==========

  Earnings per common and
    common equivalent share                          $       .34           .30
                                                      ==========    ==========

<PAGE>
</TABLE>


<TABLE> <S> <C>


<ARTICLE>                     5
<LEGEND>
     THIS SCHEDULE  CONTAINS SUMMARY  FINANCIAL  INFORMATION  EXTRACTED FROM 
THE QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q FOR THE FISCAL QUARTER ENDED JULY 31, 1996 
OF CASEY'S GENERAL STORES, INC. AND IS QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY BY REFERENCE 
TO SUCH FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
</LEGEND>
<CIK>                         0000726958
<NAME>                        CASEY'S GENERAL STORES, INC.
<MULTIPLIER>                                   1
<CURRENCY>                                     U.S. DOLLARS
       
<S>                             <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE>                   3-mos
<FISCAL-YEAR-END>                              APR-30-1997
<PERIOD-START>                                 MAY-01-1996
<PERIOD-END>                                   JUL-31-1996
<EXCHANGE-RATE>                                1
<CASH>                                         5,944,748
<SECURITIES>                                   15,271,985<F1>
<RECEIVABLES>                                  3,008,258
<ALLOWANCES>                                   0
<INVENTORY>                                    34,086,979
<CURRENT-ASSETS>                               63,876,896
<PP&E>                                         480,356,566
<DEPRECIATION>                                 138,868,686
<TOTAL-ASSETS>                                 411,294,410
<CURRENT-LIABILITIES>                          81,134,618
<BONDS>                                        79,147,928<F2>
                          0
                                    0
<COMMON>                                       63,592,717
<OTHER-SE>                                     150,832,994<F3>
<TOTAL-LIABILITY-AND-EQUITY>                   411,294,410
<SALES>                                        286,907,949
<TOTAL-REVENUES>                               288,365,351
<CGS>                                          228,804,922
<TOTAL-COSTS>                                  228,804,922
<OTHER-EXPENSES>                               43,796,183
<LOSS-PROVISION>                               0
<INTEREST-EXPENSE>                             1,513,544
<INCOME-PRETAX>                                14,250,702
<INCOME-TAX>                                   5,380,000
<INCOME-CONTINUING>                            8,870,702
<DISCONTINUED>                                 0
<EXTRAORDINARY>                                0
<CHANGES>                                      0
<NET-INCOME>                                   8,870,702
<EPS-PRIMARY>                                  .34
<EPS-DILUTED>                                  .34
<FN>
<F1>  short-term investments
<F2>  long-term debt, net of current maturities
<F3>  retained earnings
</FN>
        

</TABLE>


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