SIERRA PACIFIC RESOURCES
8-A12B, 1999-12-07
ELECTRIC & OTHER SERVICES COMBINED
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<PAGE>

                       SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
                             Washington, D.C. 20549

                                    FORM 8-A

          FOR REGISTRATION OF CERTAIN CLASSES OF SECURITIES PURSUANT TO
           SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

                            SIERRA PACIFIC RESOURCES
             (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

                  Nevada                                  88-0198358
                  ------                                  ----------
(State of incorporation or organization)       (IRS Employer Identification No.)

P.O. Box 30150 (6100 Neil Road), Reno, Nevada               89520
- ---------------------------------------------               -----
(Address of principal executive offices)                  (Zip Code)

<TABLE>
<S>                                          <C>
If this Form relates to the registration     If this Form relates to the registration
of a class of debt securities and is         of a class of debt securities and is to
effective upon filing pursuant to            become effective simultaneusly with
the General Instruction A(c)(1) please       effectiveness of a concurrent registration
check the following box. [ ]                 statement under the Securities Act of 1933
                                             pursuant to General Instruction A(c)(2)
                                             please check the following box.  [  ]
</TABLE>

Securities to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

                          Common Stock Purchase Rights
                          ----------------------------
                    (Title of each class to be so registered)

                             New York Stock Exchange
                             -----------------------
        (Name of each exchange on which each class is to be registered):

Securities to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

                                      NONE

<PAGE>



Item 1.  DESCRIPTION OF REGISTRANT'S SECURITIES TO BE REGISTERED

    On September 21, 1999, the Board of Directors of Sierra Pacific Resources
(the "Sierra Pacific Board") declared a dividend distribution of one right (a
"Sierra Pacific Right") for each outstanding share of Sierra Pacific common
stock to stockholders of record at the close of business on October 31, 1999,
and one Sierra Pacific Right has been and will be issued for each share of
Sierra Pacific common stock issued thereafter prior to the Sierra Pacific
Distribution Date (as defined herein). By issuing the new Sierra Pacific
Rights, the Sierra Pacific Board extended the benefits and protections
afforded to stockholders under the Rights Agreement, dated as of October 15,
1989, which expired on October 31, 1999. The description and terms of the
Sierra Pacific Rights are set forth in the Rights Agreement, dated as of
September 21, 1999, as amended (the "Sierra Pacific Rights Agreement"),
between Sierra Pacific and Harris Trust and Savings Bank, as Rights Agent.
Certain of the capitalized terms used in the following description have the
meanings set forth in the Sierra Pacific Rights Agreement. The following
descriptions of the Sierra Pacific Rights and the Sierra Pacific Rights
Agreement do not purport to be complete and are qualified in their entirety
by reference to the Sierra Pacific Rights Agreement.

    Each Sierra Pacific Right, initially evidenced by and traded with the shares
of Sierra Pacific Common Stock, entitles the registered holder to purchase one
share of Sierra Pacific Common Stock at an exercise price of $75, subject to
certain adjustments, regulatory approval and other specified conditions. The
Sierra Pacific Rights are not exercisable until the Distribution Date and will
expire on October 31, 2009 unless previously redeemed by Sierra Pacific as
described below. Following a Sierra Pacific Distribution Date, the Sierra
Pacific Rights will trade separately from the Sierra Pacific Common Stock and
will be evidenced by separate certificates. Until a Sierra Pacific Right is
exercised, the holder thereof will have no rights as a stockholder of Sierra
Pacific, including, without limitation, the right to receive dividends.

    Except as described below, the Sierra Pacific Rights will be evidenced by
the Sierra Pacific Common Stock certificates. The Sierra Pacific Rights will
separate from the Sierra Pacific Common Stock and a "Sierra Pacific Distribution
Date" will occur upon the earlier of (i) 10 business days following a public
announcement that a person or group of affiliated or associated persons other
than Sierra Pacific and its affiliates (an "Acquiring Person") has acquired, or
obtained the right to acquire, beneficial ownership of 15% or more of the
outstanding shares of Sierra Pacific Common Stock (the "Stock Acquisition Date")
and (ii) 10 business days (or such later date as a majority of the Sierra
Pacific Board may determine) following the commencement of (or a public
announcement of an intention to make) a tender or exchange offer that would
result in a person or group becoming an Acquiring Person.

    In the event that a person becomes an Acquiring Person (except pursuant to a
tender or exchange offer for all outstanding shares of Sierra Pacific Common
Stock at a price and on terms determined by at least a majority of the
independent members of the Sierra Pacific Board who are not Acquiring Persons or
affiliates or associates of an Acquiring Person, after receiving the advice of
one or more investment banking firms, to be fair to the stockholders of Sierra
Pacific and otherwise in the best interests of Sierra Pacific and its


                                        2


<PAGE>



stockholders) each holder of a Sierra Pacific Right will have the right, subject
to regulatory approval and other specified conditions, to receive, upon exercise
at the then current exercise price of the Sierra Pacific Right, Sierra Pacific
Common Stock having a market value equal to two times the exercise price of the
Sierra Pacific Right. Notwithstanding any of the foregoing, following the
occurrence of any such event, all Sierra Pacific Rights that are or (under
certain circumstances specified in the Sierra Pacific Rights Agreement) were
beneficially owned by any Acquiring Person (or certain related parties) will be
null and void.

    In the event that, at any time following the Sierra Pacific Distribution
Date, Sierra Pacific is acquired in a merger or other business combination
transaction (other than pursuant to certain approved merger transactions), or
50% or more of Sierra Pacific's assets or earning power is sold, each holder of
a Sierra Pacific Right will thereafter have the right to receive, upon the
exercise thereof at the then current exercise price, common stock of the
acquiring or surviving company having a value equal to two times the exercise
price of the Sierra Pacific Right.

    At any time until 10 days following the Stock Acquisition Date, Sierra
Pacific may redeem the Sierra Pacific Rights, in whole but not in part, at a
price of $.01 per Sierra Pacific Right. Immediately upon the action of the
Sierra Pacific Board ordering redemption of the Sierra Pacific Rights, the
Sierra Pacific Rights will terminate and the only right of the holders of Sierra
Pacific Rights will be to receive the $.01 redemption price.

    At any time after a person becomes an Acquiring Person and prior to the
acquisition by such person or group of 50% or more of the outstanding shares of
Sierra Pacific Common Stock, the Sierra Pacific Board may exchange the Sierra
Pacific Rights (other than Sierra Pacific Rights owned by the Acquiring Person
which shall become null and void), in whole or in part, for Sierra Pacific
Common Stock at a ratio of one share of Sierra Pacific Common Stock per one
Sierra Pacific Right.

Item 2.           Exhibits

<TABLE>

<S>               <C>
99.1              Rights Agreement between Sierra Pacific Resources and Harris Trust and
                  Savings Bank, dated as of September 21, 1999
</TABLE>



                                        3


<PAGE>


                                    SIGNATURE

         Pursuant to the requirements of Section 12 of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be
signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized.

Dated:     December 7, 1999             SIERRA PACIFIC RESOURCES

                                        By: /s/ MARK A. RUELLE
                                        --------------------------------
                                        Mark A. Ruelle
                                        Title: Senior Vice President,
                                               Chief Financial Officer
                                               and Treasurer


                                 EXHIBIT INDEX

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Exhibit         Description
- -------         -----------
<S>            <C>
99.1            Rights Agreement between Sierra Pacific Resources and Harris Trust and
                Savings Bank, dated as of September 21, 1999
</TABLE>





                                       4


<PAGE>

                                                                  Exhibit 99.1

                                RIGHTS AGREEMENT

                  RIGHTS AGREEMENT, dated as of September 21, 1999 (the
"Agreement"), between SIERRA PACIFIC RESOURCES, a Nevada corporation (the
"Company"), and HARRIS TRUST AND SAVINGS BANK, AN ILLINOIS BANKING CORPORATION,
as Rights Agent (the "Rights Agent").

                               W I T N E S S E T H

                  WHEREAS, on October 2, 1989, the Board of Directors of the
Company authorized and declared a dividend distribution of one right for each
share of common stock, par value $1.00 per share, of the Company (the "Common
Stock") of the Company outstanding at the close of business on October 31, 1989
(the "1989 Record Date"), and authorized the issuance of one right for each
share of Common Stock of the Company issued (whether originally issued or
delivered from the Company's treasury) between the 1989 Record Date and the
earliest of the Distribution Date, the Redemption Date and the Expiration Date
(as such terms are defined in the Rights Agreement, dated as of October 13, 1989
(the "1989 Agreement")) between the Company and Bank of America National Trust
and Savings Association, as rights agent, each right representing the right to
purchase one share of Common Stock, upon the terms and subject to the conditions
set forth in the 1989 Agreement (the "1989 Rights");

                  WHEREAS, on September 21, 1999, the Board of Directors of the
Company determined it desirable and in the best interests of the Company and its
shareholders for the Company to extend the benefits afforded by the 1989
Agreement and to implement such extension by executing this Agreement;

                  WHEREAS, on September 21, 1999 (the "Rights Dividend
Declaration Date"), the Board of Directors of the Company authorized and
declared a dividend distribution of one Right (as hereinafter defined) for each
share of Common Stock outstanding at the close of business on October 31, 1999
(the "Record Date"), and has authorized the issuance of one Right (as such
number may hereinafter be adjusted pursuant to the provisions of Section 11(p)
hereof) for each share of Common Stock issued between the Record Date (whether
originally issued or delivered from the Company's treasury) and the Distribution
Date (as hereinafter defined), each Right initially representing the right to
purchase one share of Common Stock, upon the terms and subject to the conditions
hereinafter set forth (the "Rights");

                  NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the
mutual agreements herein set forth, the parties hereby agree as follows:

                  Section 1. CERTAIN DEFINITIONS. For purposes of this
Agreement, the following terms have the meanings indicated:


<PAGE>


                           (a)  "Acquiring Person" shall mean any Person who or
which, together with all Affiliates and Associates of such Person, shall be the
Beneficial Owner of 15% or more of the shares of Common Stock then outstanding,
but shall not include (i) the Company, (ii) any Subsidiary of the Company, (iii)
any employee benefit plan of the Company, or of any Subsidiary of the Company,
or any Person or entity organized, appointed or established by the Company for
or pursuant to the terms of any such plan, (iv) any Person who becomes the
Beneficial Owner of 15% or more of the shares of Common Stock then outstanding
as a result of a reduction in the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding
due to the repurchase of shares of Common Stock by the Company unless and until
such Person, after becoming aware that such Person has become the Beneficial
Owner of 15% or more of the then outstanding shares of Common Stock, acquires
beneficial ownership of additional shares of Common Stock representing 1% or
more of the shares of Common Stock then outstanding, or (v) any such Person who
has reported or is required to report such ownership (but less than 20%) on
Schedule 13G under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and in
effect on the date of the Agreement (the "Exchange Act") (or any comparable or
successor report) or on Schedule 13D under the Exchange Act (or any comparable
or successor report) which Schedule 13D does not state any intention to or
reserve the right to control or influence the management or policies of the
Company or engage in any of the actions specified in Item 4 of such schedule
(other than the disposition of the Common Stock) and, within 10 Business Days of
being requested by the Company to advise it regarding the same, certifies to the
Company that such Person acquired shares of Common Stock in excess of 14.9%
inadvertently or without knowledge of the terms of the Rights and who or which,
together with all Affiliates and Associates, thereafter does not acquire
additional shares of Common Stock while the Beneficial Owner of 15% or more of
the shares of Common Stock then outstanding; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that if the
Person requested to so certify fails to do so within 10 Business Days, then such
Person shall become an Acquiring Person immediately after such 10-Business-Day
period.

                           (b) "Act" shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended.

                           (c) "Affiliate" and "Associate" shall have the
respective meanings ascribed to such terms in Rule 12b-2 of the General Rules
and Regulations under the Exchange Act.

                           (d) A Person shall be deemed the "Beneficial Owner"
of, and shall be deemed to "beneficially own," any securities:

                                    (i) which such Person or any of such
         Person's Affiliates or Associates, directly or indirectly, has the
         right to acquire (whether such right is exercisable immediately or only
         after the passage of time) pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or
         understanding (whether or not in writing) or upon the exercise of
         conversion rights, exchange


<PAGE>


         rights, other rights, warrants or options, or otherwise; PROVIDED,
         HOWEVER, that a Person shall not be deemed the "Beneficial Owner" of,
         or to "beneficially own," (A) securities tendered pursuant to a tender
         or exchange offer made by such Person or any of such Person's
         Affiliates or Associates until such tendered securities are accepted
         for purchase or exchange, (B) securities issuable upon exercise of
         Rights at any time prior to the occurrence of a Triggering Event, or
         (C) securities issuable upon exercise of Rights from and after the
         occurrence of a Triggering Event which Rights were acquired by such
         Person or any of such Person's Affiliates or Associates prior to the
         Distribution Date or pursuant to Section 3(a) hereof or Section 22
         hereof (the "Original Rights") or pursuant to Section 11(i) hereof in
         connection with an adjustment made with respect to any Original Rights;

                                    (ii) which such Person or any of such
         Person's Affiliates or Associates, directly or indirectly, has the
         right to vote or dispose of or has "beneficial ownership" of (as
         determined pursuant to Rule 13d-3 of the General Rules and Regulations
         under the Exchange Act), including pursuant to any agreement,
         arrangement or understanding, whether or not in writing; PROVIDED,
         HOWEVER, that a Person shall not be deemed the "Beneficial Owner" of,
         or to "beneficially own," any security under this subparagraph (ii) as
         a result of an agreement, arrangement or understanding to vote such
         security if such agreement, arrangement or understanding: (A) arises
         solely from a revocable proxy given in response to a public proxy or
         consent solicitation made pursuant to, and in accordance with, the
         applicable provisions of the General Rules and Regulations under the
         Exchange Act, and (B) is not reportable by such Person on Schedule 13D
         under the Exchange Act (or any comparable or successor report); or

                                    (iii) which are beneficially owned, directly
         or indirectly, by any other Person (or any Affiliate or Associate
         thereof) with which such Person (or any of such Person's Affiliates or
         Associates) has any agreement, arrangement or understanding (whether or
         not in writing), for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting (except
         pursuant to a revocable proxy as described in the proviso to
         subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph (d)) or disposing of any voting
         securities of the Company; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that nothing in this
         paragraph (d) shall cause a Person engaged in business as an
         underwriter of securities to be the "Beneficial Owner" of, or to
         "beneficially own," any securities acquired through such Person's
         participation in good faith in a firm commitment underwriting until the
         expiration of 40 days after the date of such acquisition, and then only
         if such securities continue to be owned by such Person at such
         expiration of 40 days and PROVIDED FURTHER, HOWEVER, that any
         stockholder of the Company, with affiliate(s), associate(s) or other
         person(s) who may be


<PAGE>


         deemed representatives of it serving as director(s) of the Company,
         shall not be deemed to beneficially own securities held by other
         Persons as a result of (i) persons affiliated or otherwise associated
         with such stockholder serving as directors or taking any action in
         connection therewith, (ii) discussing the status of its shares with the
         Company or other stockholders of the Company similarly situated or
         (iii) voting or acting in a manner similar to other stockholders
         similarly situated, absent a specific finding by the Board of Directors
         of an express agreement among such stockholders to act in concert with
         one another as stockholders so as to cause, in the good faith judgment
         of the Board of Directors, each such stockholder to be the Beneficial
         Owner of the shares held by the other stockholder(s).

                           (e) "Business Day" shall mean any day other than a
Saturday, Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in the State of New York
OR THE STATE OF ILLINOIS are authorized or obligated by law or executive order
to close.

                           (f) "Close of business" on any given date shall mean
5:00 P.M., New York City time, on such date; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that if such
date is not a Business Day, it shall mean 5:00 P.M., New York City time, on the
next succeeding Business Day.

                           (g) "Common Stock" shall mean the common stock, par
value $1.00 per share, of the Company, except that "Common Stock" when used with
reference to any Person other than the Company shall mean the capital stock of
such Person with the greatest voting power, or the equity securities or other
equity interest having power to control or direct the management, of such
Person.

                           (h) "Common Stock Equivalents" shall have the meaning
set forth in Section 11(a)(iii) hereof.

                           (i) "Current Market Price" shall have the meaning set
forth in Section 11(d)(i) hereof.

                           (j) "Current Value" shall have the meaning set forth
in Section 11(a)(iii) hereof.

                           (k) "Distribution Date" shall have the meaning set
forth in Section 3(a) hereof.

                           (l) "Equivalent Common Stock" shall have the meaning
set forth in Section 11(b) hereof.

                           (m) "Exchange Act" shall have the meaning set forth
in Section


<PAGE>


1(a) hereof.

                           (n) "Exchange Ratio" shall have the meaning set forth
in Section 24 hereof.

                           (o) "Expiration Date" shall have the meaning set
forth in Section 7(a) hereof.

                           (p) "Final Expiration Date" shall have the meaning
set forth in Section 7(a) hereof.

                           (q) "Person" shall mean any individual, firm,
corporation, partnership or other entity.

                           (r) "Principal Party" shall have the meaning set
forth in Section 13(b) hereof.

                           (s) "Purchase Price" shall have the meaning set forth
in Section 4(a) hereof.

                           (t) "Qualified Offer" shall have the meaning set
forth in Section 11(a)(ii) hereof.

                           (u) "Record Date" shall have the meaning set forth in
the WHEREAS clause at the beginning of this Agreement.

                           (v) "Rights" shall have the meaning set forth in the
WHEREAS clause at the beginning of this Agreement.

                           (w) "Rights Agent" shall have the meaning set forth
in the parties clause at the beginning of this Agreement.

                           (x) "Rights Certificate" shall have the meaning set
forth in Section 3(a) hereof.

                           (aa1.)  "Rights Dividend Declaration Date" shall have
the meaning set forth in the WHEREAS clause at the beginning of this Agreement.

                           (bb1.) "Section 11(a)(ii) Event" shall mean any event
described in Section 11(a)(ii) hereof.

                           (cc1.) "Section 13 Event" shall mean any event
described in clauses (x), (y) or (z) of Section 13(a) hereof.

                           (dd1.) "Spread" shall have the meaning set forth in


<PAGE>


Section 11(a)(iii) hereof.

                           (ee1.) "Stock Acquisition Date" shall mean the first
date of public announcement (which, for purposes of this definition, shall
include, without limitation, a report filed or amended pursuant to Section 13(d)
under the Exchange Act) by the Company or an Acquiring Person that an Acquiring
Person has become such other than pursuant to a Qualified Offer.

                           (ff1.) "Subsidiary" shall mean, with reference to any
Person, any corporation of which an amount of voting securities sufficient to
elect at least a majority of the directors of such corporation is beneficially
owned, directly or indirectly, by such Person, or otherwise controlled by such
Person.

                           (gg1.) "Substitution Period" shall have the meaning
set forth in Section 11(a)(iii) hereof.

                           (hh1.) "Summary of Rights" shall have the meaning set
forth in Section 3(b) hereof.

                           (ii1.) "Trading Day" shall have the meaning set forth
in Section 11(d)(i) hereof.

                           (jj1.) "Triggering Event" shall mean any Section
11(a)(ii)  Event or any Section 13 Event.

                  Section 2. APPOINTMENT OF RIGHTS AGENT. The Company hereby
appoints the Rights Agent to act as agent for the Company and the holders of the
Rights (who, in accordance with Section 3 hereof, shall prior to the
Distribution Date also be the holders of the Common Stock) in accordance with
the terms and conditions hereof, and the Rights Agent hereby accepts such
appointment. The Company may from time to time appoint such co-rights agents as
it may deem necessary or desirable.

                  Section 3.  ISSUANCE OF RIGHTS CERTIFICATES.

                           (a) Until the earlier of (i) the close of business on
the tenth Business Day after the Stock Acquisition Date (or, if the tenth
Business Day after the Stock Acquisition Date occurs before the Record Date, the
close of business on the Record Date), or (ii) the close of business on the
tenth Business Day (or such later date as the Board shall determine) after the
date that a tender or exchange offer by any Person (other than the Company, any
Subsidiary of the Company, any employee benefit plan of the Company or of any
Subsidiary of the Company, or any Person or entity organized, appointed or
established by the Company for or pursuant to the terms of any such plan) is
first published or sent or given within the meaning of Rule 14d-2(a) of the
General Rules and Regulations under the Exchange Act, if upon consummation
thereof, such Person would become an Acquiring Person, in either instance other
than


<PAGE>


pursuant to a Qualified Offer (the earlier of (i) and (ii) being herein referred
to as the "Distribution Date"), (x) the Rights will be evidenced (subject to the
provisions of paragraph (b) of this Section 3) by the certificates for the
Common Stock registered in the names of the holders of the Common Stock (which
certificates for Common Stock shall be deemed also to be certificates for
Rights) and not by separate certificates, and (y) the Rights will be
transferable only in connection with the transfer of the underlying shares of
Common Stock (including a transfer to the Company). As soon as practicable after
the Distribution Date, the Rights Agent, AT THE EXPENSE OF THE COMPANY, will
send by first-class, insured, postage-prepaid mail, to each record holder of the
Common Stock as of the close of business on the Distribution Date, at the
address of such holder shown on the records of the Company, one or more rights
certificates, in substantially the form of Exhibit A hereto (the "Rights
Certificates"), evidencing one Right for each share of Common Stock so held,
subject to adjustment as provided herein. In the event that an adjustment in the
number of Rights per share of Common Stock has been made pursuant to Section
11(p) hereof, at the time of distribution of the Rights Certificates, the
Company shall make the necessary and appropriate rounding adjustments (in
accordance with Section 14(a) hereof) so that Rights Certificates representing
only whole numbers of Rights are distributed and cash is paid in lieu of any
fractional Rights. As of and after the Distribution Date, the Rights will be
evidenced solely by such Rights Certificates.

                           (b) The Company will make available, as promptly as
practicable following the Record Date, a copy of a Summary of Rights, in
substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit B (the "Summary of Rights") to
any holder of Rights who may so request from time to time prior to the
Expiration Date. With respect to certificates for the Common Stock outstanding
as of the Record Date, until the Distribution Date, the Rights will be evidenced
by such certificates for the Common Stock and the registered holders of the
Common Stock shall also be the registered holders of the associated Rights.
Until the earlier of the Distribution Date or the Expiration Date (as such term
is defined in Section 7(a) hereof), the transfer of any certificates
representing shares of Common Stock in respect of which Rights have been issued
shall also constitute the transfer of the Rights associated with such shares of
Common Stock.

                           (c) Rights shall be issued in respect of all shares
of Common Stock which are issued (whether originally issued or from the
Company's treasury) after the Record Date but prior to the earlier of the
Distribution Date or the Expiration Date. Certificates representing such shares
of Common Stock shall also be deemed to be certificates for Rights, and shall
bear the following legend:

                  This certificate also evidences and entitles the holder hereof
         to certain Rights as set forth in the Rights Agreement between Sierra
         Pacific Resources (the "Company") and the Rights Agent thereunder (the
         "Rights Agreement"), the terms of which are hereby incorporated herein
         by reference and a copy of which is on file at the principal executive
         offices of


<PAGE>


         the Company. Under certain circumstances, as set forth in the Rights
         Agreement, such Rights will be evidenced by separate certificates and
         will no longer be evidenced by this certificate. The Company will mail
         to the holder of this certificate a copy of the Rights Agreement, as in
         effect on the date of mailing, without charge, promptly after receipt
         of a written request therefor. Under certain circumstances set forth in
         the Rights Agreement, Rights issued to, or held by, any Person who is,
         was or becomes an Acquiring Person or any Affiliate or Associate
         thereof (as such terms are defined in the Rights Agreement), whether
         currently held by or on behalf of such Person or by any subsequent
         holder, may become null and void.

With respect to such certificates containing the foregoing legend, until the
earlier of (i) the Distribution Date or (ii) the Expiration Date, the Rights
associated with the Common Stock represented by such certificates shall be
evidenced by such certificates alone and registered holders of Common Stock
shall also be the registered holders of the associated Rights, and the transfer
of any of such certificates shall also constitute the transfer of the Rights
associated with the Common Stock represented by such certificates.

                  Section 4.  FORM OF RIGHTS CERTIFICATES.

                           (a) The Rights Certificates (and the forms of
election to purchase and of assignment to be printed on the reverse thereof)
shall each be substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit B hereto and may
have such marks of identification or designation and such legends, summaries or
endorsements printed thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are not
inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement, or as may be required to
comply with any applicable law or with any rule or regulation made pursuant
thereto or with any rule or regulation of any stock exchange on which the Rights
may from time to time be listed, or to conform to usage. Subject to the
provisions of Section 11 and Section 22 hereof, the Rights Certificates,
whenever distributed, shall be dated as of the Record Date and on their face
shall entitle the holders thereof to purchase such number of shares of Common
Stock as shall be set forth therein at the price set forth therein (the
"Purchase Price"), but the number of shares or other property purchasable upon
the exercise of each Right and the Purchase Price thereof shall be subject to
adjustment as provided herein.

                           (b) Any Rights Certificate issued pursuant to Section
3(a), Section 11(i) or Section 22 hereof that represents Rights beneficially
owned by: (i) an Acquiring Person or any Associate or Affiliate of an Acquiring
Person, (ii) a transferee of an Acquiring Person (or of any such Associate or
Affiliate) who becomes a transferee after the Acquiring Person becomes such or
(iii) a transferee of an Acquiring Person (or of any such Associate or
Affiliate) who becomes a transferee prior to or concurrently with the Acquiring
Person becoming such and receives such Rights pursuant to either (A) a transfer
(whether or not for consideration) from the Acquiring Person to holders of


<PAGE>


equity interests in such Acquiring Person or to any Person with whom such
Acquiring Person has any continuing agreement, arrangement or understanding
regarding the transferred Rights or (B) a transfer which the Board of Directors
of the Company has determined is part of a plan, arrangement or understanding
which has as a primary purpose or effect the avoidance of Section 7(e) hereof,
and any Rights Certificate issued pursuant to Section 6 or Section 11 hereof
upon transfer, exchange, replacement or adjustment of any other Rights
Certificate referred to in this sentence, shall contain (to the extent feasible)
the following legend:

         The Rights represented by this Rights Certificate are or were
         beneficially owned by a Person who was or became an Acquiring Person or
         an Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person (as such terms are
         defined in the Rights Agreement). Accordingly, this Rights Certificate
         and the Rights represented hereby may become null and void in the
         circumstances specified in Section 7(e) of the Rights Agreement.

                  Section 5.  COUNTERSIGNATURE AND REGISTRATION.

                           (a) The Rights Certificates shall be executed on
behalf of the Company by its Chairman of the Board, its President or any Vice
President, either manually or by facsimile signature, and shall have affixed
thereto the Company's seal or a facsimile thereof which shall be attested by the
Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or the Treasurer or Assistant Treasurer of
the Company, either manually or by facsimile signature. The Rights Certificates
shall be countersigned by the Rights Agent, either manually or by facsimile
signature, and shall not be valid for any purpose unless so countersigned. In
case any officer of the Company who shall have signed any of the Rights
Certificates shall cease to be such officer of the Company before
countersignature by the Rights Agent and issuance and delivery by the Company,
such Rights Certificates, nevertheless, may be countersigned by the Rights Agent
and issued and delivered by the Company with the same force and effect as though
the person who signed such Rights Certificates had not ceased to be such officer
of the Company; and any Rights Certificates may be signed on behalf of the
Company by any person who, at the actual date of the execution of such Rights
Certificate, shall be a proper officer of the Company to sign such Rights
Certificate, although at the date of the execution of this Rights Agreement any
such person was not such an officer.

                           (b) Following the Distribution Date, the Rights Agent
will keep, or cause to be kept, at its principal office or offices designated as
the appropriate place for surrender of Rights Certificates upon exercise or
transfer, books for registration and transfer of the Rights Certificates issued
hereunder. Such books shall show the names and addresses of the respective
holders of the Rights Certificates, the number of Rights evidenced on its face
by each of the Rights Certificates and the date of each of the Rights
Certificates.


<PAGE>


                  Section 6. TRANSFER,  SPLIT-UP,  COMBINATION  AND EXCHANGE OF
RIGHTS CERTIFICATES; MUTILATED, DESTROYED, LOST OR STOLEN RIGHTS CERTIFICATES.

                           (a) Subject to the provisions of Section 4(b),
Section 7(e) and Section 14 hereof, at any time after the close of business on
the Distribution Date, and at or prior to the close of business on the
Expiration Date, any Rights Certificate or Certificates (other than Rights
Certificates representing Rights that may have been exchanged pursuant to
Section 24 hereof) may be transferred, split up, combined or exchanged for
another Rights Certificate or Certificates, entitling the registered holder to
purchase a like number of shares of Common Stock (or, following a Triggering
Event, other securities, cash or other assets, as the case may be) as the Rights
Certificate or Certificates surrendered then entitled such holder (or former
holder in the case of a transfer) to purchase. Any registered holder desiring to
transfer, split up, combine or exchange any Rights Certificate or Certificates
shall make such request in writing delivered to the Rights Agent, and shall
surrender the Rights Certificate or Certificates to be transferred, split up,
combined or exchanged at the principal office or offices of the Rights Agent
designated for such purpose. Neither the Rights Agent nor the Company shall be
obligated to take any action whatsoever with respect to the transfer of any such
surrendered Rights Certificate or Certificates until the registered holder shall
have completed and signed the certificate contained in the form of assignment on
the reverse side of such Rights Certificate and shall have provided such
additional evidence of the identity of the Beneficial Owner (or former
Beneficial Owner) or Affiliates or Associates thereof as the Company shall
reasonably request. Thereupon the Rights Agent shall, subject to Section 4(b),
Section 7(e), Section 14 and Section 24 hereof, countersign and deliver to the
Person entitled thereto a Rights Certificate or Certificates, as the case may
be, as so requested. The Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to
cover any tax or governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any
transfer, split up, combination or exchange of Rights Certificates.

                           (b) Upon receipt by the Company and the Rights Agent
of evidence reasonably satisfactory to them of the loss, theft, destruction or
mutilation of a Rights Certificate, and, in case of loss, theft or destruction,
of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to them, and reimbursement to
the Company and the Rights Agent of all reasonable expenses incidental thereto,
and upon surrender to the Rights Agent and cancellation of the Rights
Certificate, if mutilated, the Company will execute and deliver a new Rights
Certificate of like tenor to the Rights Agent for countersignature and delivery
to the registered owner in lieu of the Rights Certificate so lost, stolen,
destroyed or mutilated.

                  Section 7.  EXERCISE OF RIGHTS; PURCHASE PRICE; EXPIRATION
DATE OF RIGHTS.

                           (a) Subject to Section 7(e) hereof, at any time after
the Distribution Date the registered holder of any Rights Certificate may
exercise the Rights evidenced thereby (except as otherwise provided herein
including, without limitation, the


<PAGE>


restrictions on exercisability set forth in Section 9(c), Section 11(a)(iii) and
Section 23(a) hereof) in whole or in part upon surrender of the Rights
Certificate, with the form of election to purchase and the certificate on the
reverse side thereof duly executed, to the Rights Agent at the principal office
or offices of the Rights Agent designated for such purpose, together with
payment of the aggregate Purchase Price with respect to the total number of
shares of Common Stock (or other securities, cash or other assets, as the case
may be) as to which such surrendered Rights are then exercisable, at or prior to
the earlier of (i) 5:00 P.M., New York City time, on October 31, 2009, or such
later date as may be established by the Board of Directors prior to the
expiration of the Rights (such date, as it may be extended by the Board, the
("Final Expiration Date"), or (ii) the time at which the Rights are redeemed or
exchanged as provided in Section 23 and Section 24 hereof (the earlier of (i)
and (ii) being herein referred to as the "Expiration Date").

                           (b) The Purchase Price for each share of Common Stock
pursuant to the exercise of a Right initially shall be $75.00,*, shall be
subject to adjustment from time to time as provided in Section 11 and Section
13(a) hereof and shall be payable in accordance with paragraph (c) below.

                           (c) Upon receipt of a Rights Certificate representing
exercisable Rights, with the form of election to purchase and the certificate
duly executed, accompanied by payment, with respect to each Right so exercised,
of the Purchase Price and an amount equal to any applicable transfer tax, the
Rights Agent shall, subject to Section 20(k) hereof, thereupon promptly (i) (A)
requisition from any transfer agent of the shares of Common Stock (or make
available, if the Rights Agent is the transfer agent for the Common Stock)
certificates for the total number of shares of Common Stock to be purchased and
the Company hereby irrevocably authorizes its transfer agent to comply with all
such requests, or (B) if the Company shall have elected to deposit the total
number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Rights hereunder
with a depositary agent, requisition from the depositary agent depositary
receipts representing such number of shares of Common Stock as are to be
purchased (in which case certificates for the shares of Common Stock represented
by such receipts shall be deposited by the transfer agent with the depositary
agent) and the Company will direct the depositary agent to comply with such
request, (ii) requisition from the Company the amount of cash, if any, to be
paid in lieu of fractional shares of Common Stock in accordance with Section 14
hereof, (iii) after receipt of such certificates or depositary receipts, cause
the same to be delivered to or, upon the order of the registered holder of such
Rights Certificate, registered in such name or names as may be designated by
such holder, and (iv) after receipt thereof, deliver such cash, if any, to or
upon the order of the registered holder of such Rights Certificate. The payment
of the Purchase Price (as such amount may be reduced pursuant to Section
11(a)(iii) hereof) shall be made in cash or by certified bank check or bank
draft payable

- --------

<PAGE>


to the order of the Company. In the event that the Company is obligated to issue
other securities of the Company, pay cash and/or distribute other property
pursuant to Section 11(a) hereof, the Company will make all arrangements
necessary so that such other securities, cash and/or other property are
available for distribution by the Rights Agent, if and when appropriate. The
Company reserves the right to require prior to the occurrence of a Triggering
Event that, upon any exercise of Rights, a number of Rights be exercised so that
only whole shares of Common Stock be issued.

                           (d) In case the registered holder of any Rights
Certificate shall exercise less than all the Rights evidenced thereby, a new
Rights Certificate evidencing the Rights remaining unexercised shall be issued
by the Rights Agent and delivered to, or upon the order of, the registered
holder of such Rights Certificate, registered in such name or names as may be
designated by such holder, subject to the provisions of Section 14 hereof.

                           (e) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the
contrary, from and after the first occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event, any
Rights beneficially owned by (i) an Acquiring Person or an Associate or
Affiliate of an Acquiring Person, (ii) a transferee of an Acquiring Person (or
of any such Associate or Affiliate) who becomes a transferee after the Acquiring
Person becomes such, or (iii) a transferee of an Acquiring Person (or of any
such Associate or Affiliate) who becomes a transferee prior to or concurrently
with the Acquiring Person becoming such and receives such Rights pursuant to
either (A) a transfer (whether or not for consideration) from the Acquiring
Person to holders of equity interests in such Acquiring Person or to any Person
with whom the Acquiring Person has any continuing agreement, arrangement or
understanding regarding the transferred Rights or (B) a transfer which the Board
of Directors of the Company has determined is part of a plan, arrangement or
understanding which has as a primary purpose or effect the avoidance of this
Section 7(e), shall become null and void without any further action and no
holder of such Rights shall have any rights whatsoever with respect to such
Rights, whether under any provision of this Agreement or otherwise. The Company
shall use all reasonable efforts to insure that the provisions of this Section
7(e) and Section 4(b) hereof are complied with, but shall have no liability to
any holder of Rights Certificates or any other Person as a result of its failure
to make any determinations with respect to an Acquiring Person or any of its
Affiliates, Associates or transferees hereunder.

                           (f) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the
contrary, neither the Rights Agent nor the Company shall be obligated to
undertake any action with respect to a registered holder upon the occurrence of
any purported exercise as set forth in this Section 7 unless such registered
holder shall have (i) completed and signed the certificate contained in the form
of election to purchase set forth on the reverse side of the Rights Certificate
surrendered for such exercise, and (ii) provided such additional evidence of the
identity of the Beneficial Owner (or former Beneficial Owner) or Affiliates or
Associates thereof as the Company shall reasonably request.

<PAGE>

                  Section 8. CANCELLATION AND DESTRUCTION OF RIGHTS
CERTIFICATES. All Rights Certificates surrendered for the purpose of exercise,
transfer, split-up, combination or exchange shall, if surrendered to the Company
or any of its agents, be delivered to the Rights Agent for cancellation or in
cancelled form, or, if surrendered to the Rights Agent, shall be cancelled by
it, and no Rights Certificates shall be issued in lieu thereof except as
expressly permitted by any of the provisions of this Agreement. The Company
shall deliver to the Rights Agent for cancellation and retirement, and the
Rights Agent shall so cancel and retire, any other Rights Certificate purchased
or acquired by the Company otherwise than upon the exercise thereof. The Rights
Agent shall deliver all cancelled Rights Certificates to the Company, or shall,
at the written request of the Company, destroy such cancelled Rights
Certificates, and in such case shall deliver a certificate of destruction
thereof to the Company.

                  Section 9.  RESERVATION AND AVAILABILITY OF COMMON STOCK.

                           (a) The Company covenants and agrees that it will
cause to be reserved and kept available out of its authorized and unissued
shares of Common Stock (and, following the occurrence of a Triggering Event, out
of its authorized and unissued shares of Common Stock and/or other securities)
or out of any authorized and issued shares held in its treasury, the number of
shares of Common Stock (and, following the occurrence of a Triggering Event,
shares of Common Stock and/or other securities) that, as provided in this
Agreement including Section 11(a)(iii) hereof, will be sufficient to permit the
exercise in full of all outstanding Rights.

                           (b) So long as the shares of Common Stock (and,
following the occurrence of a Triggering Event, shares of Common Stock and/or
other securities) issuable and deliverable upon the exercise of the Rights may
be listed on any national securities exchange, the Company shall use its best
efforts to cause, from and after such time as the Rights become exercisable, all
shares reserved for such issuance to be listed on such exchange upon official
notice of issuance upon such exercise.

                           (c) The Company shall use its best efforts to (i)
file, as soon as practicable following the earliest date after the first
occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event on which the consideration to be
delivered by the Company upon exercise of the Rights has been determined in
accordance with Section 11(a)(iii) hereof, a registration statement under the
Act, with respect to the Common Stock or other securities purchasable upon
exercise of the Rights on an appropriate form, (ii) cause such registration
statement to become effective as soon as practicable after such filing, and
(iii) cause such registration statement to remain effective (with a prospectus
at all times meeting the requirements of the Act) until the earlier of (A) the
date as of which the Rights are no longer exercisable for such shares of Common
Stock or other securities and (B) the date of the expiration of the Rights. The
Company will also take such action as may be appropriate under, or to ensure
compliance with, the securities or "blue sky" laws of the various states in
connection with the exercisability of the Rights.

<PAGE>

The Company may temporarily suspend, for a period of time not to exceed 90 days
after the date set forth in clause (i) of the first sentence of this Section
9(c), the exercisability of the Rights in order to prepare and file such
registration statement and permit it to become effective. Upon any such
suspension, the Company shall issue a public announcement stating that the
exercisability of the Rights has been temporarily suspended, as well as a public
announcement at such time as the suspension has been rescinded. In addition, if
the Company shall determine that a registration statement is required following
the Distribution Date, the Company may temporarily suspend the exercisability of
the Rights until such time as a registration statement has been declared
effective. Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, the
Rights shall not be exercisable in any jurisdiction if the requisite
qualification in such jurisdiction shall not have been obtained, the exercise
thereof shall not be permitted under applicable law, or a registration statement
shall not have been declared effective.

                           (d) The Company covenants and agrees that it will
take all such action as may be necessary to ensure that all shares of Common
Stock (and, following the occurrence of a Triggering Event, shares of Common
Stock and/or other securities) delivered upon exercise of Rights shall, at the
time of delivery of the certificates for such shares (subject to payment of the
Purchase Price), be duly and validly authorized and issued and fully paid and
nonassessable.

                           (e) The Company further covenants and agrees that it
will pay when due and payable any and all federal and state transfer taxes and
charges which may be payable in respect of the issuance or delivery of the
Rights Certificates and of any certificates for shares of Common Stock (or
Common Stock and/or other securities, as the case may be) upon the exercise of
Rights. The Company shall not, however, be required to pay any transfer tax
which may be payable in respect of any transfer or delivery of Rights
Certificates to a Person other than, or the issuance or delivery of shares of
Common Stock (or Common Stock and/or other securities, as the case may be) in
respect of a name other than that of the registered holder of the Rights
Certificates evidencing Rights surrendered for exercise or to issue or deliver
any certificates for shares of Common Stock (or Common Stock and/or other
securities, as the case may be) in a name other than that of the registered
holder upon the exercise of any Rights until such tax shall have been paid (any
such tax being payable by the holder of such Rights Certificates at the time of
surrender) or until it has been established to the Company's satisfaction that
no such tax is due.

                  Section 10. COMMON STOCK RECORD DATE. Each person in whose
name any certificate for shares of Common Stock (or other securities) is issued
upon the exercise of Rights shall for all purposes be deemed to have become the
holder of record of the shares of Common Stock (or other securities) represented
thereby on, and such certificate shall be dated the date upon which the Rights
Certificate evidencing such Rights was duly surrendered and payment of the
Purchase Price (and all applicable transfer taxes) was made; PROVIDED, HOWEVER,
that if the date of such


<PAGE>


surrender and payment is a date upon which the Common Stock (or Common Stock
and/or other securities, as the case may be) transfer books of the Company are
closed, such Person shall be deemed to have become the record holder of such
shares on, and such certificate shall be dated, the next succeeding Business Day
on which the Common Stock (or Common Stock and/or other securities, as the case
may be) transfer books of the Company are open. Prior to the exercise of the
Rights evidenced thereby, the holder of a Rights Certificate shall not be
entitled to any rights of a stockholder of the Company with respect to shares
for which the Rights shall be exercisable, including, without limitation, the
right to vote, to receive dividends or other distributions or to exercise any
preemptive rights, and shall not be entitled to receive any notice of any
proceedings of the Company, except as provided herein.

                  Section 11. ADJUSTMENT OF PURCHASE PRICE, NUMBER AND KIND OF
SHARES OR NUMBER OF RIGHTS. The Purchase Price, the number and kind of shares
covered by each Right and the number of Rights outstanding are subject to
adjustment from time to time as provided in this Section 11.

                           (a)(i) In the event the Company shall at any time
         after the date of this Agreement (A) declare a dividend on the Common
         Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, (B) subdivide the outstanding
         Common Stock, (C) combine the outstanding Common Stock into a smaller
         number of shares, or (D) issue any shares of its capital stock in a
         reclassification of the Common Stock (including any such
         reclassification in connection with a consolidation or merger in which
         the Company is the continuing or surviving corporation), except as
         otherwise provided in this Section 11(a) and Section 7(e) hereof, the
         Purchase Price in effect at the time of the record date for such
         dividend or of the effective date of such subdivision, combination or
         reclassification, and the number and kind of shares of Common Stock or
         capital stock, as the case may be, issuable on such date, shall be
         proportionately adjusted so that the holder of any Right exercised
         after such time shall be entitled to receive, upon payment of the
         Purchase Price then in effect, the aggregate number and kind of shares
         of Common Stock or capital stock, as the case may be, which, if such
         Right had been exercised immediately prior to such date and at a time
         when the Common Stock transfer books of the Company were open, such
         holder would have owned upon such exercise and been entitled to receive
         by virtue of such dividend, subdivision, combination or
         reclassification. If an event occurs which would require an adjustment
         under both this Section 11(a)(i) and Section 11(a)(ii) hereof, the
         adjustment provided for in this Section 11(a)(i) shall be in addition
         to, and shall be made prior to, any adjustment required pursuant to
         Section 11(a)(ii) hereof.

                              (ii) In the event any Person, at any time after
         the Rights Dividend Declaration Date, shall become an Acquiring Person,


<PAGE>


         unless the event causing such Person to become an Acquiring Person is a
         transaction set forth in Section 13(a) hereof, or is an acquisition of
         shares of Common Stock pursuant to a tender offer or an exchange offer
         for all outstanding shares of Common Stock at a price and on terms
         determined by at least a majority of the members of the Board who are
         not officers of the Company and who are not representatives, nominees,
         Affiliates or Associates of an Acquiring Person, after receiving advice
         from one or more investment banking firms, to be (a) at a price which
         is fair to stockholders and not inadequate (taking into account all
         factors which such members of the Board deem relevant, including,
         without limitation, prices which could reasonably be achieved if the
         Company or its assets were sold on an orderly basis designed to realize
         maximum value) and (b) otherwise in the best interests of the Company
         and its stockholders (a "Qualified Offer") then, promptly following the
         occurrence of such event, proper provision shall be made so that each
         holder of a Right (except as provided below and in Section 7(e) hereof)
         shall thereafter have the right to receive, upon exercise thereof at
         the then current Purchase Price in accordance with the terms of this
         Agreement, such number of shares of Common Stock of the Company as
         shall equal the result obtained by (x) multiplying the then current
         Purchase Price by the then number of shares of Common Stock for which a
         Right was exercisable immediately prior to the first occurrence of a
         Section 11(a)(ii) Event, and (y) dividing that product (which,
         following such first occurrence, shall thereafter be referred to as the
         "Purchase Price" for each Right and for all purposes of this Agreement)
         by 50% of the Current Market Price (determined pursuant to Section
         11(d) hereof) per share of Common Stock on the date of such first
         occurrence (such number of shares, the "Adjustment Shares").

                              (iii) In the event that the number of shares of
         Common Stock which is authorized by the Company's certificate of
         incorporation, but not outstanding or reserved for issuance for
         purposes other than upon exercise of the Rights, is not sufficient to
         permit the exercise in full of the Rights in accordance with the
         foregoing subparagraph (ii) of this Section 11(a), the Company shall
         (A) determine the excess of (1) the value of the Adjustment Shares
         issuable upon the exercise of a Right (the "Current Value") over (2)
         the Purchase Price (such excess is herein called the "Spread"), and (B)
         with respect to each Right, make adequate provision to substitute for
         the Adjustment Shares, upon the exercise of the Rights, (1) cash, (2) a
         reduction in the Purchase Price, (3) Common Stock or other equity
         securities of the Company (including, without limitation, shares, or
         units of shares, of preferred stock which the Board has deemed to have
         the same value as shares of Common Stock (such shares or units of
         shares of preferred stock are referred to herein as "Common Stock
         Equivalents")), (4) debt securities of


<PAGE>


         the Company, (5) other assets or (6) any combination of the foregoing,
         having an aggregate value equal to the Current Value, where such
         aggregate value has been determined by the Board based upon the advice
         of a nationally recognized investment banking firm selected by the
         Board; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that if the Company shall not have made
         adequate provision to deliver value pursuant to clause (B) above
         within 30 days following the later of (x) the first occurrence of a
         Section 11(a)(ii) Event and (y) the date on which the Company's right
         of redemption pursuant to Section 23(a) expires (the later of (x) and
         (y) being referred to herein as the "Section 11(a)(ii) Trigger Date"),
         then the Company shall be obligated to deliver, upon the surrender for
         exercise of a Right and without requiring payment of the Purchase
         Price, shares of Common Stock (to the extent available) and then, if
         necessary, cash, which shares and/or cash have an aggregate value
         equal to the Spread. If the Board shall determine in good faith that
         it is likely that sufficient additional shares of Common Stock could
         be authorized for issuance upon exercise in full of the Rights, the
         30-day period set forth above may be extended to the extent necessary,
         but not more than 90 days after the Section 11(a)(ii) Trigger Date, in
         order that the Company may seek shareholder approval for the
         authorization of such additional shares (such 30-day period, as it may
         be extended, the "Substitution Period"). To the extent that the
         Company determines that some action should be taken pursuant to the
         first and/or third sentences of this Section 11(a)(iii), the Company
         (1) shall provide, subject to Section 7(e) hereof, that such action
         shall apply uniformly to all outstanding Rights, and (2) may suspend
         the exercisability of the Rights until the expiration of the
         Substitution Period in order to seek such shareholder approval for
         such authorization of additional shares and/or to decide the
         appropriate form of distribution to be made pursuant to such first
         sentence and to determine the value thereof. In the event of any such
         suspension, the Company shall issue a public announcement stating that
         the exercisability of the Rights has been temporarily suspended, as
         well as a public announcement at such time as the suspension is no
         longer in effect. For purposes of this Section 11(a)(iii), the value
         of the Common Stock shall be the Current Market Price per share of the
         Common Stock on the Section 11(a)(ii) Trigger Date and the value of
         any "Common Stock Equivalent" shall be deemed to have the same value
         as the Common Stock on such date.

                           (b) In case the Company shall fix a record date for
the issuance of rights (other than the Rights), options or warrants to holders
of Common Stock entitling them to subscribe for or purchase (for a period
expiring within 45 calendar days after such record date) Common Stock (or shares
having the same rights, privileges and preferences as the Common Stock
("Equivalent Common Stock")) or securities convertible into Common Stock or
Equivalent Common Stock at a price per share of


<PAGE>


Common Stock or per share of Equivalent Common Stock (or having a conversion
price per share, if a security convertible into Common Stock or Equivalent
Common Stock) less than the Current Market Price per share of Common Stock on
such record date, the Purchase Price to be in effect after such record date
shall be determined by multiplying the Purchase Price in effect immediately
prior to such record date by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the
number of shares of Common Stock outstanding on such record date, plus the
number of shares of Common Stock which the aggregate offering price of the total
number of shares of Common Stock and/or Equivalent Common Stock so to be offered
(and/or the aggregate initial conversion price of the convertible securities so
to be offered) would purchase at such Current Market Price, and the denominator
of which shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding on such
record date, plus the number of additional shares of Common Stock and/or
Equivalent Common Stock to be offered for subscription or purchase (or into
which the convertible securities so to be offered are initially convertible). In
case such subscription price may be paid by delivery of consideration, part or
all of which may be in a form other than cash, the value of such consideration
shall be as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of the Company,
whose determination shall be described in a statement filed with the Rights
Agent and shall be binding on the Rights Agent and the holders of the Rights.
Shares of Common Stock owned by or held for the account of the Company shall not
be deemed outstanding for the purpose of any such computation. Such adjustment
shall be made successively whenever such a record date is fixed, and in the
event that such rights or warrants are not so issued, the Purchase Price shall
be adjusted to be the Purchase Price which would then be in effect if such
record date had not been fixed.

                           (c) In case the Company shall fix a record date for a
distribution to all holders of Common Stock (including any such distribution
made in connection with a consolidation or merger in which the Company is the
continuing corporation) of evidences of indebtedness, cash (other than a regular
quarterly cash dividend out of the earnings or retained earnings of the
Company), assets (other than a dividend payable in Common Stock, but including
any dividend payable in stock other than Common Stock) or subscription rights or
warrants (excluding those referred to in Section 11(b) hereof), the Purchase
Price to be in effect after such record date shall be determined by multiplying
the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to such record date by a
fraction, the numerator of which shall be the Current Market Price per share of
Common Stock on such record date, less the fair market value (as determined in
good faith by the Board of Directors of the Company, whose determination shall
be described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent) of the portion of the
cash, assets or evidences of indebtedness so to be distributed or of such
subscription rights or warrants applicable to a share of Common Stock, and the
denominator of which shall be such Current Market Price per share of Common
Stock. Such adjustments shall be made successively whenever such a record date
is fixed, and in the event that such distribution is not so made, the Purchase
Price shall be adjusted to be the Purchase Price which would have been in effect
if such record date had not been fixed.


<PAGE>


                           (d) For the purpose of any computation hereunder,
other than computations made pursuant to Section 11(a)(iii) hereof, the "Current
Market Price" per share of Common Stock on any date shall be deemed to be the
average of the daily closing prices per share of such Common Stock for the 30
consecutive Trading Days (as such term is hereinafter defined) immediately prior
to such date, and for purposes of computations made pursuant to Section
11(a)(iii) hereof, the "Current Market Price" per share of Common Stock on any
date shall be deemed to be the average of the daily closing prices per share of
such Common Stock for the 10 consecutive Trading Days immediately following such
date; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that in the event that the Current Market Price per
share of the Common Stock is determined during a period following the
announcement by the issuer of such Common Stock of (i) any dividend or
distribution on such Common Stock payable in shares of such Common Stock or
securities convertible into shares of such Common Stock (other than the Rights),
or (ii) any subdivision, combination or reclassification of such Common Stock,
and the ex-dividend date for such dividend or distribution, or the record date
for such subdivision, combination or reclassification shall not have occurred
prior to the commencement of the requisite 30 Trading Day or 10 Trading Day
period, as set forth above, then, and in each such case, the Current Market
Price shall be properly adjusted to take into account ex-dividend trading. The
closing price for each day shall be the last sale price, regular way, or, in
case no such sale takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and
asked prices, regular way, in either case as reported in the principal
consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed or
admitted to trading on the New York Stock Exchange or, if the shares of Common
Stock are not listed or admitted to trading on the New York Stock Exchange, as
reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect
to securities listed on the principal national securities exchange on which the
shares of Common Stock are listed or admitted to trading or, if the shares of
Common Stock are not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities
exchange, the last quoted price or, if not so quoted, the average of the high
bid and low asked prices in the over-the-counter market, as reported by the
National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System ("NASDAQ")
or such other system then in use, or, if on any such date the shares of Common
Stock are not quoted by any such organization, the average of the closing bid
and asked prices as furnished by a professional market maker making a market in
the Common Stock selected by the Board. If on any such date no market maker is
making a market in the Common Stock, the fair value of such shares on such date
as determined in good faith by the Board shall be used. The term "Trading Day"
shall mean a day on which the principal national securities exchange on which
the shares of Common Stock are listed or admitted to trading is open for the
transaction of business or, if the shares of Common Stock are not listed or
admitted to trading on any national securities exchange, a Business Day. If the
Common Stock is not publicly held or not so listed or traded, Current Market
Price per share shall mean the fair value per share as determined in good faith
by the Board, whose determination shall be described in a statement filed with
the Rights Agent and shall be conclusive for all purposes.


<PAGE>


                           (e) Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding,
no adjustment in the Purchase Price shall be required unless such adjustment
would require an increase or decrease of at least 1% in the Purchase Price;
PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that any adjustments which by reason of this Section 11(e)
are not required to be made shall be carried forward and taken into account in
any subsequent adjustment. All calculations under this Section 11 shall be made
to the nearest cent or to the nearest ten-thousandth of a share of Common Stock,
as the case may be. Notwithstanding the first sentence of this Section 11(e),
any adjustment required by this Section 11 shall be made no later than the
earlier of (i) three years from the date of the transaction which mandates such
adjustment, or (ii) the Expiration Date.

                           (f) If as a result of an adjustment made pursuant to
Section 11(a)(ii) or Section 13(a) hereof, the holder of any Right thereafter
exercised shall become entitled to receive any shares of capital stock other
than Common Stock, thereafter the number of such other shares so receivable upon
exercise of any Right and the Purchase Price thereof shall be subject to
adjustment from time to time in a manner and on terms as nearly equivalent as
practicable to the provisions with respect to the shares of Common Stock
contained in Sections 11(a), (b), (c), (e), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k) and (m), and
the provisions of Sections 7, 9, 10, 13 and 14 hereof with respect to the Common
Stock shall apply on like terms to any such other shares.

                           (g) All Rights originally issued by the Company
subsequent to any adjustment made to the Purchase Price hereunder shall evidence
the right to purchase, at the adjusted Purchase Price, the number (or fraction)
of shares of Common Stock purchasable from time to time hereunder upon exercise
of the Rights, all subject to further adjustment as provided herein.

                           (h) Unless the Company shall have exercised its
election as provided in Section 11(i), upon each adjustment of the Purchase
Price as a result of the calculations made in Sections 11(b) and (c), each Right
outstanding immediately prior to the making of such adjustment shall thereafter
evidence the right to purchase, at the adjusted Purchase Price, that number of
shares of Common Stock (calculated to the nearest one-thousandth) obtained by
(i) multiplying (x) the number of shares covered by a Right immediately prior to
this adjustment, by (y) the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to such
adjustment of the Purchase Price, and (ii) dividing the product so obtained by
the Purchase Price in effect immediately after such adjustment of the Purchase
Price.

                           (i) The Company may elect on or after the date of any
adjustment of the Purchase Price to adjust the number of Rights, in lieu of any
adjustment in the number (or fraction) of shares of Common Stock purchasable
upon the exercise of a Right. Each of the Rights outstanding after the
adjustment in the number of Rights shall be exercisable for the number (or
fraction) of shares of Common Stock for which a Right was exercisable
immediately prior to such adjustment. Each Right held of record prior to such
adjustment of the number of Rights shall become that


<PAGE>


number of Rights (calculated to the nearest one-ten-thousandth) obtained by
dividing the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to adjustment of the
Purchase Price by the Purchase Price in effect immediately after adjustment of
the Purchase Price. The Company shall make a public announcement of its election
to adjust the number of Rights, indicating the record date for the adjustment,
and, if known at the time, the amount of the adjustment to be made. This record
date may be the date on which the Purchase Price is adjusted or any day
thereafter, but, if the Rights Certificates have been issued, shall be at least
10 days later than the date of the public announcement. If Rights Certificates
have been issued, upon each adjustment of the number of Rights pursuant to this
Section 11(i), the Company shall, as promptly as practicable, cause to be
distributed to holders of record of Rights Certificates on such record date
Rights Certificates evidencing, subject to Section 14 hereof, the additional
Rights to which such holders shall be entitled as a result of such adjustment,
or, at the option of the Company, shall cause to be distributed to such holders
of record in substitution and replacement for the Rights Certificates held by
such holders prior to the date of adjustment, and upon surrender thereof, if
required by the Company, new Rights Certificates evidencing all the Rights to
which such holders shall be entitled after such adjustment. Rights Certificates
so to be distributed shall be issued, executed and countersigned in the manner
provided for herein (and may bear, at the option of the Company, the adjusted
Purchase Price) and shall be registered in the names of the holders of record of
Rights Certificates on the record date specified in the public announcement.

                           (j) Irrespective of any adjustment or change in the
Purchase Price or the number (or fraction) of shares of Common Stock issuable
upon the exercise of the Rights, the Rights Certificates theretofore and
thereafter issued may continue to express the Purchase Price per share and the
number of shares which were expressed in the initial Rights Certificates issued
hereunder.

                           (k) Before taking any action that would cause an
adjustment reducing the Purchase Price below the then par value, if any, of the
shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Rights, the Company shall
take any corporate action which may, in the opinion of its counsel, be necessary
in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and
nonassessable shares of Common Stock at such adjusted Purchase Price.

                           (l) In any case in which this Section 11 shall
require that an adjustment in the Purchase Price be made effective as of a
record date for a specified event, the Company may elect to defer until the
occurrence of such event the issuance to the holder of any Right exercised after
such record date the shares of Common Stock and other capital stock or
securities of the Company, if any, issuable upon such exercise over and above
the shares of Common Stock and other capital stock or securities of the Company,
if any, issuable upon such exercise on the basis of the Purchase Price in effect
prior to such adjustment; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that the Company shall deliver to
such holder a due bill or other appropriate instrument evidencing such


<PAGE>


holder's right to receive such additional shares of Common Stock and other
capital stock or securities upon the occurrence of the event requiring such
adjustment.

                           (m) Anything in this Section 11 to the contrary
notwithstanding, the Company shall be entitled to make such reductions in the
Purchase Price, in addition to those adjustments expressly required by this
Section 11, as and to the extent that in their good faith judgment the Board
shall determine to be advisable in order that any (i) consolidation or
subdivision of the Common Stock, (ii) issuance wholly for cash of any shares of
Common Stock at less than the Current Market Price, (iii) issuance wholly for
cash of shares of Common Stock or securities which by their terms are
convertible into or exchangeable for shares of Common Stock, (iv) stock
dividends or (v) issuance of rights, options or warrants referred to in this
Section 11, hereafter made by the Company to holders of its Common Stock shall
not be taxable to such stockholders.

                           (n) The Company covenants and agrees that it shall
not, at any time after the Distribution Date, (i) consolidate with any other
Person (other than a Subsidiary of the Company in a transaction which complies
with Section 11(o) hereof), (ii) merge with or into any other Person (other than
a Subsidiary of the Company in a transaction which complies with Section 11(o)
hereof), or (iii) sell or transfer (or permit any Subsidiary to sell or
transfer), in one transaction, or a series of related transactions, assets or
earning power aggregating more than 50% of the assets or earning power of the
Company and its Subsidiaries (taken as a whole) to any other Person or Persons
(other than the Company and/or any of its Subsidiaries in one or more
transactions each of which complies with Section 11(o) hereof), if (x) at the
time of or immediately after such consolidation, merger or sale there are any
rights, warrants or other instruments or securities outstanding or agreements in
effect which would substantially diminish or otherwise eliminate the benefits
intended to be afforded by the Rights or (y) prior to, simultaneously with or
immediately after such consolidation, merger or sale, the shareholders of the
Person who constitutes, or would constitute, the "Principal Party" for purposes
of Section 13(a) hereof shall have received a distribution of Rights previously
owned by such Person or any of its Affiliates and Associates.

                           (o) The Company covenants and agrees that, after the
Distribution Date, it will not, except as permitted by Section 23 or Section 26
hereof, take (or permit any Subsidiary to take) any action if at the time such
action is taken it is reasonably foreseeable that such action will diminish
substantially or otherwise eliminate the benefits intended to be afforded by the
Rights.

                           (p) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary
notwithstanding, in the event that the Company shall at any time after the
Rights Dividend Declaration Date and prior to the Distribution Date (i) declare
a dividend on the outstanding shares of Common Stock payable in shares of Common
Stock, (ii) subdivide the outstanding shares of Common Stock, or (iii) combine
the outstanding shares of Common Stock into


<PAGE>


a smaller number of shares, the number of Rights associated with each share of
Common Stock then outstanding, or issued or delivered thereafter but prior to
the Distribution Date, shall be proportionately adjusted so that the number of
Rights thereafter associated with each share of Common Stock following any such
event shall equal the result obtained by multiplying the number of Rights
associated with each share of Common Stock immediately prior to such event by a
fraction the numerator which shall be the total number of shares of Common Stock
outstanding immediately prior to the occurrence of the event and the denominator
of which shall be the total number of shares of Common Stock outstanding
immediately following the occurrence of such event.

                  Section 12. CERTIFICATE OF ADJUSTED PURCHASE PRICE OR NUMBER
OF SHARES. Whenever an adjustment is made as provided in Section 11 and Section
13 hereof, the Company shall (a) promptly prepare a certificate setting forth
such adjustment and a brief statement of the facts accounting for such
adjustment, (b) promptly file with the Rights Agent, and with each transfer
agent for the Common Stock, a copy of such certificate and (c) if a Distribution
Date has occurred, mail a brief summary thereof to each holder of a Rights
Certificate in accordance with Section 25 hereof. The Rights Agent shall be
fully protected in relying on any such certificate and on any adjustment therein
contained AND SHALL NOT BE OBLIGATED OR RESPONSIBLE FOR CALCULATING ANY
ADJUSTMENT NOR SHALL IT BE DEEMED TO HAVE KNOWLEDGE OF SUCH ADJUSTMENT UNLESS
AND UNTIL IT SHALL HAVE RECEIVED SUCH CERTIFICATE.

                  Section 13.  CONSOLIDATION, MERGER OR SALE OR TRANSFER OF
ASSETS, CASH FLOW OR EARNING POWER.

                           (a) In the event that, following the Stock
Acquisition Date, directly or indirectly, (x) the Company shall consolidate
with, or merge with and into, any other Person (other than a Subsidiary of the
Company in a transaction which complies with Section 11(o) hereof), and the
Company shall not be the continuing or surviving corporation of such
consolidation or merger, (y) any Person (other than a Subsidiary of the Company
in a transaction which complies with Section 11(o) hereof) shall consolidate
with, or merge with or into, the Company, and the Company shall be the
continuing or surviving corporation of such consolidation or merger and, in
connection with such consolidation or merger, all or part of the outstanding
shares of Common Stock shall be changed into or exchanged for stock or other
securities of any other Person or cash or any other property, or (z) the Company
shall sell or otherwise transfer (or one or more of its Subsidiaries shall sell
or otherwise transfer), in one transaction or a series of related transactions,
assets, cash flow or earning power aggregating more than 50% of the assets, cash
flow or earning power of the Company and its Subsidiaries (taken as a whole) to
any Person or Persons (other than the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company
in one or more transactions each of which complies with Section 11(o) hereof),
then, and in each such case (except as may be contemplated by Section 13(d)
hereof), proper provision shall be made so that: (i) each holder of a Right,
except as provided in Section 7(e) hereof, shall thereafter have the


<PAGE>


right to receive, upon the exercise thereof at the then current Purchase Price
in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, such number of validly
authorized and issued, fully paid, non-assessable and freely tradeable shares of
Common Stock of the Principal Party (as such term is hereinafter defined), not
subject to any liens, encumbrances, rights of first refusal or other adverse
claims, as shall be equal to the result obtained by (1) multiplying the then
current Purchase Price by the number of shares of Common Stock for which a Right
was exercisable immediately prior to the first occurrence of a Section 13 Event
(or, if a Section 11(a)(ii) Event has occurred prior to the first occurrence of
a Section 13 Event, multiplying the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior
to the first occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event by the number of shares of
Common Stock for which a Right was exercisable immediately prior to such first
occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event) and (2) dividing that product (such
product following the first occurrence of a Section 13 Event, shall be referred
to as the "Purchase Price" for each Right and for all purposes of this
Agreement) by 50% of the Current Market Price per share of the Common Stock of
such Principal Party on the date of consummation of such Section 13 Event; (ii)
such Principal Party shall thereafter be liable for, and shall assume, by virtue
of such Section 13 Event, all the obligations and duties of the Company pursuant
to this Agreement; (iii) the term "Company" shall thereafter be deemed to refer
to such Principal Party, it being specifically intended that the provisions of
Section 11 hereof shall apply only to such Principal Party following the first
occurrence of a Section 13 Event; (iv) such Principal Party shall take such
steps (including, but not limited to, the reservation of a sufficient number of
shares of its Common Stock) in connection with the consummation of any such
transaction as may be necessary to assure that the provisions hereof shall
thereafter be applicable, as nearly as reasonably may be, in relation to its
shares of Common Stock thereafter deliverable upon the exercise of the Rights;
and (v) the provisions of Section 11(a)(ii) hereof shall be of no effect
following the first occurrence of any Section 13 Event.

                           (b) "Principal Party" shall mean:

                                    (i) in the case of any transaction described
         in clause (x) or (y) of the first sentence of Section 13(a), the Person
         that is the issuer of any securities for or into which shares of Common
         Stock of the Company are converted in such merger or consolidation, and
         if no securities are so issued, the Person that is the other party to
         such merger or consolidation; and

                                    (ii) in the case of any transaction
         described in clause (z) of the first sentence of Section 13(a), the
         Person that is the party receiving the greatest portion of the assets,
         cash flow or earning power transferred pursuant to such transaction or
         transactions;

PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that in any such case, (1) if the Common Stock of such Person
is not at such time and has not been continuously over the preceding 12-month
period


<PAGE>


registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act, and such Person is a direct or
indirect Subsidiary of another Person the Common Stock of which is and has been
so registered, "Principal Party" shall refer to such other Person; and (2) in
case such Person is a Subsidiary, directly or indirectly, of more than one
Person, the Common Stock of two or more of which are and have been so
registered, "Principal Party" shall refer to whichever of such Persons is the
issuer of the Common Stock having the greatest aggregate market value.

                           (c) The Company shall not consummate any such
consolidation, merger, sale or transfer unless the Principal Party shall have a
sufficient number of authorized shares of its Common Stock which have not been
issued or reserved for issuance to permit the exercise in full of the Rights in
accordance with this Section 13 and unless prior thereto the Company and such
Principal Party shall have executed and delivered to the Rights Agent a
supplemental agreement providing for the terms set forth in paragraphs (a) and
(b) of this Section 13 and further providing that, as soon as practicable after
the date of any consolidation, merger or sale of assets mentioned in paragraph
(a) of this Section 13, the Principal Party will

                          (i) prepare and file a registration statement under
         the Act, with respect to the Rights and the securities purchasable upon
         exercise of the Rights on an appropriate form, and will use its best
         efforts to cause such registration statement to (A) become effective as
         soon as practicable after such filing and (B) remain effective (with a
         prospectus at all times meeting the requirements of the Act) until the
         Expiration Date; and

                          (ii) take all such other action as may be necessary to
         enable the Principal Party to issue the securities purchasable upon
         exercise of the Rights, including but not limited to the registration
         or qualification of such securities under all requisite securities laws
         of jurisdictions of the various states and the listing of such
         securities on such exchanges and trading markets as may be necessary or
         appropriate; and

                          (iii) will deliver to holders of the Rights historical
         financial statements for the Principal Party and each of its Affiliates
         which comply in all respects with the requirements for registration on
         Form 10 under the Exchange Act.

The provisions of this Section 13 shall similarly apply to successive mergers or
consolidations or sales or other transfers. In the event that a Section 13 Event
shall occur at any time after the occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event, the
Rights which have not theretofore been exercised shall thereafter become
exercisable in the manner described in Section 13(a).

                          (d) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the
contrary,


<PAGE>


Section 13 shall not be applicable to a transaction described in subparagraphs
(x) and (y) of Section 13(a) if (i) such transaction is consummated with a
Person or Persons who acquired shares of Common Stock pursuant to a tender offer
or exchange offer for all outstanding shares of Common Stock which is a
Qualified Offer as such term is defined in Section 11(a)(ii) hereof (or a wholly
owned subsidiary of any such Person or Persons), (ii) the price per share of
Common Stock offered in such transaction is not less than the price per share of
Common Stock paid to all holders of shares of Common Stock whose shares were
purchased pursuant to such tender offer or exchange offer and (iii) the form of
consideration being offered to the remaining holders of shares of Common Stock
pursuant to such transaction is the same as the form of consideration paid
pursuant to such tender offer or exchange offer. Upon consummation of any such
transaction contemplated by this Section 13(d), all Rights hereunder shall
expire.

                  Section 14.  FRACTIONAL RIGHTS AND FRACTIONAL SHARES.

                          (a) The Company shall not be required to issue
fractions of Rights, except prior to the Distribution Date as provided in
Section 11(p) hereof, or to distribute Rights Certificates which evidence
fractional Rights. In lieu of such fractional Rights, the Company shall pay to
the registered holders of the Rights Certificates with regard to which such
fractional Rights would otherwise be issuable, an amount in cash equal to the
same fraction of the current market value of a whole Right. For purposes of this
Section 14(a), the current market value of a whole Right shall be the closing
price of the Rights for the Trading Day immediately prior to the date on which
such fractional Rights would have been otherwise issuable. The closing price of
the Rights for any day shall be the last sale price, regular way, or, in case no
such sale takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked
prices, regular way, in either case as reported in the principal consolidated
transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed or admitted to
trading on the New York Stock Exchange or, if the Rights are not listed or
admitted to trading on the New York Stock Exchange, as reported in the principal
consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed on
the principal national securities exchange on which the Rights are listed or
admitted to trading, or if the Rights are not listed or admitted to trading on
any national securities exchange, the last quoted price or, if not so quoted,
the average of the high bid and low asked prices in the over-the-counter market,
as reported by NASDAQ or such other system then in use or, if on any such date
the Rights are not quoted by any such organization, the average of the closing
bid and asked prices as furnished by a professional market maker making a market
in the Rights, selected by the Board of Directors of the Company. If on any such
date no such market maker is making a market in the Rights, the fair value of
the Rights on such date as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of
the Company shall be used.

                          (b) The Company shall not be required to issue
fractions of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Rights or to distribute
certificates which evidence fractional shares of Common


<PAGE>


Stock. In lieu of fractional shares of Common Stock, the Company may pay to the
registered holders of Rights Certificates at the time such Rights are exercised
as herein provided an amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the current
market value of one share of Common Stock. For purposes of this Section 14(b),
the current market value of one share of Common Stock shall be the closing price
per share of Common Stock (as determined pursuant to Section 11(d)(i) hereof) on
the Trading Day immediately prior to the date of such exercise.

                          (c) The holder of a Right by the acceptance of the
Rights expressly waives his right to receive any fractional Rights or any
fractional shares upon exercise of a Right, except as permitted by this Section
14.

                  Section 15. RIGHTS OF ACTION. All rights of action in respect
of this Agreement, EXCEPT THE RIGHTS OF ACTION GIVEN TO THE RIGHTS AGENT UNDER
SECTION 1 HEREOF, are vested in the respective registered holders of the Rights
Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution Date, the registered holders of the
Common Stock); and any registered holder of any Rights Certificate (or, prior to
the Distribution Date, of the Common Stock), without the consent of the Rights
Agent or of the holder of any other Rights Certificate (or, prior to the
Distribution Date, of the Common Stock), may, in his own behalf and for his own
benefit, enforce, and may institute and maintain any suit, action or proceeding
against the Company to enforce, or otherwise act in respect of, his right to
exercise the Rights evidenced by such Rights Certificate in the manner provided
in such Rights Certificate and in this Agreement. Without limiting the foregoing
or any remedies available to the holders of Rights, it is specifically
acknowledged that the holders of Rights would not have an adequate remedy at law
for any breach of this Agreement and shall be entitled to specific performance
of the obligations hereunder and injunctive relief against actual or threatened
violations of the obligations hereunder of any Person subject to this Agreement.

                  Section 16. AGREEMENT OF RIGHTS HOLDERS. Every holder of a
Right by accepting the same consents and agrees with the Company and the Rights
Agent and with every other holder of a Right that:

                           (a) prior to the Distribution Date, the Rights will
be transferable only inconnection with the transfer of Common Stock;

                           (b) after the Distribution Date, the Rights
Certificates are transferable only on the registry books of the Rights Agent if
surrendered at the principal office or offices of the Rights Agent designated
for such purposes, duly endorsed or accompanied by a proper instrument of
transfer and with the appropriate forms and certificates fully executed;

                           (c) the Company and the Rights Agent may deem and
treat the person in whose name a Rights Certificate (or, prior to the
Distribution Date, the associated Common Stock certificate) is registered as the
absolute owner thereof and


<PAGE>


of the Rights evidenced thereby (notwithstanding any notations of ownership or
writing on the Rights Certificates or the associated Common Stock certificate
made by anyone other than the Company or the Rights Agent) for all purposes
whatsoever, and neither the Company nor the Rights Agent shall be required to be
affected by any notice to the contrary; and

                           (d) notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the
contrary, neither the Company nor the Rights Agent shall have any liability to
any holder of a Right or other Person as a result of its inability to perform
any of its obligations under this Agreement by reason of any preliminary or
permanent injunction or other order, decree or ruling issued by a court of
competent jurisdiction or by a governmental, regulatory or administrative agency
or commission, or any statute, rule, regulation or executive order promulgated
or enacted by any governmental authority, prohibiting or otherwise restraining
performance of such obligation; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, the Company must use its best
efforts to have any such order, decree or ruling lifted or otherwise overturned
as soon as possible.

                  Section 17. RIGHTS CERTIFICATE HOLDER NOT DEEMED A
STOCKHOLDER. No holder, as such, of any Rights Certificate shall be entitled to
vote, receive dividends or be deemed for any purpose the holder of the shares of
Common Stock or any other securities of the Company which may at any time be
issuable on the exercise of the Rights represented thereby, nor shall anything
contained herein or in any Rights Certificate be construed to confer upon the
holder of any Rights Certificate, as such, any of the rights of a stockholder of
the Company or any right to vote for the election of directors or upon any
matter submitted to stockholders at any meeting thereof, or to give or withhold
consent to any corporate action, or to receive notice of meetings or other
actions affecting stockholders (except as provided in Section 25 hereof), or to
receive dividends or subscription rights, or otherwise, until the Right or
Rights evidenced by such Rights Certificate shall have been exercised in
accordance with the provisions hereof.

                  Section 18.  CONCERNING THE RIGHTS AGENT.

                           (a) The Company agrees to pay to the Rights Agent
reasonable compensation for all services rendered by it hereunder and, from time
to time, on demand of the Rights Agent, its reasonable expenses and counsel fees
and disbursements and other disbursements incurred in the administration and
execution of this Agreement and the exercise and performance of its duties
hereunder. The Company also agrees to indemnify the Rights Agent for, and to
hold it harmless against, any loss, liability, or expense, incurred without
negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct on the part of the Rights Agent, for
anything done or omitted by the Rights Agent in connection with the acceptance
and administration of this Agreement, including the costs and expenses of
defending against any claim of liability in the premises. THE COSTS AND EXPENSES
OF ENFORCING THIS RIGHT OF INDEMNIFICATION SHALL ALSO BE PAID BY THE COMPANY.
THE INDEMNIFICATION PROVIDED FOR HEREUNDER SHALL SURVIVE THE


<PAGE>


EXPIRATION OF THE RIGHTS AND TERMINATION OF THIS AGREEMENT.

                           (b) The Rights Agent MAY CONCLUSIVELY RELY UPON AND
shall be protected and shall incur no liability for or in respect of any action
taken, suffered or omitted by it in connection with its administration of this
Agreement in reliance upon any Rights Certificate or certificate for Common
Stock or for other securities of the Company, instrument of assignment or
transfer, power of attorney, endorsement, affidavit, letter, notice, direction,
consent, certificate, statement, or other paper or document believed by it to be
genuine and to be signed, executed and, where necessary, verified or
acknowledged, by the proper Person or Persons.

                           (c) NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING IN THIS AGREEMENT TO THE
CONTRARY, IN NO EVENT SHALL THE RIGHTS AGENT BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INDIRECT, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL LOSS OR DAMAGE OF ANY KIND WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, LOST PROFITS), EVEN IF THE RIGHTS AGENT HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE LIKELIHOOD
OF SUCH LOSS OR DAMAGE AND REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF THE ACTION.

                  Section 19.  MERGER OR CONSOLIDATION OR CHANGE OF NAME OF
RIGHTS AGENT.

                           (a) Any corporation into which the Rights Agent or
any successor Rights Agent may be merged or with which it may be consolidated,
or any corporation resulting from any merger or consolidation to which the
Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent shall be a party, or any corporation
succeeding to the corporate trust, stock transfer or other shareholder services
business of the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent, shall be the
successor to the Rights Agent under this Agreement without the execution or
filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto;
but only if such corporation would be eligible for appointment as a successor
Rights Agent under the provisions of Section 21 hereof. In case at the time such
successor Rights Agent shall succeed to the agency created by this Agreement,
any of the Rights Certificates shall have been countersigned but not delivered,
any such successor Rights Agent may adopt the countersignature of a predecessor
Rights Agent and deliver such Rights Certificates so countersigned; and in case
at that time any of the Rights Certificates shall not have been countersigned,
any successor Rights Agent may countersign such Rights Certificates either in
the name of the predecessor or in the name of the successor Rights Agent; and in
all such cases such Rights Certificates shall have the full force provided in
the Rights Certificates and in this Agreement.

                           (b) In case at any time the name of the Rights Agent
shall be changed and at such time any of the Rights Certificates shall have been
countersigned but not delivered, the Rights Agent may adopt the countersignature
under its prior name and deliver Rights Certificates so countersigned; and in
case at that time any of the Rights Certificates shall not have been
countersigned, the Rights Agent may countersign such Rights Certificates either
in its prior name or in its changed name; and in all such cases such Rights
Certificates shall have the full force provided in the Rights


<PAGE>


Certificates and in this Agreement.

                  Section 20. DUTIES OF RIGHTS AGENT. The Rights Agent
undertakes the duties and obligations imposed by this Agreement upon the
following terms and conditions, AND NO IMPLIED DUTIES OR OBLIGATIONS SHALL BE
READ INTO THIS AGREEMENT AGAINST THE RIGHTS AGENT, by all of which the Company
and the holders of Rights Certificates, by their acceptance thereof, shall be
bound:

                           (a) BEFORE THE RIGHTS AGENT ACTS OR REFRAINS FROM
ACTING, the Rights Agent may consult with legal counsel (who may be legal
counsel for the Company), and the opinion of such counsel shall be full and
complete authorization and protection to the Rights Agent as to any action taken
or omitted by it in good faith and in accordance with such opinion.

                           (b) Whenever in the performance of its duties under
this Agreement the Rights Agent shall deem it necessary or desirable that any
fact or matter (including, without limitation, the identity of any Acquiring
Person and the determination of Current Market Price) be proved or established
by the Company prior to taking or suffering any action hereunder, such fact or
matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically
prescribed) may be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by a
certificate signed by the Chairman of the Board, the President, any Vice
President, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or any
Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Rights Agent; and such
certificate shall be full authorization to the Rights Agent for any action taken
or suffered in good faith by it under the provisions of this Agreement in
reliance upon such certificate.

                           (c) The Rights Agent shall be liable hereunder only
for its own negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct.

                           (d) The Rights Agent shall not be liable for or by
reason of any of the statements of fact or recitals contained in this Agreement
or in the Rights Certificates or be required to verify the same (except as to
its countersignature on such Rights Certificates), but all such statements and
recitals are and shall be deemed to have been made by the Company only.

                           (e) The Rights Agent shall not be under any
responsibility in respect of the validity of this Agreement or the execution and
delivery hereof (except the due execution hereof by the Rights Agent) or in
respect of the validity or execution of any Rights Certificate (except its
countersignature thereof); nor shall it be responsible for any breach by the
Company of any covenant or condition contained in this Agreement or in any
Rights Certificate; nor shall it be responsible for any adjustment required
under the provisions of Section 11, Section 13 or Section 24 hereof or
responsible for the manner, method or amount of any such adjustment or the
ascertaining of the existence of facts that would require any such adjustment
(except with respect to the exercise of Rights evidenced by Rights Certificates
after actual


<PAGE>


notice of any such adjustment); nor shall it by any act hereunder be deemed to
make any representation or warranty as to the authorization or reservation of
any shares of Common Stock or other securities to be issued pursuant to this
Agreement or any Rights Certificate or as to whether any shares of Common Stock
or other securities will, when so issued, be validly authorized and issued,
fully paid and nonassessable.

                           (f) The Company agrees that it will perform, execute,
acknowledge and deliver or cause to be performed, executed, acknowledged and
delivered all such further and other acts, instruments and assurances as may
reasonably be required by the Rights Agent for the carrying out or performing by
the Rights Agent of the provisions of this Agreement.

                           (g) The Rights Agent is hereby authorized and
directed to accept instructions with respect to the performance of its duties
hereunder from the Chairman of the Board, the President, any Vice President, the
Secretary, any Assistant Secretary, the Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer of
the Company, and to apply to such officers for advice or instructions in
connection with its duties, and it shall not be liable for any action taken or
suffered to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with instructions of any
such officer. ANY APPLICATION BY THE RIGHTS AGENT FOR WRITTEN INSTRUCTIONS FROM
THE COMPANY MAY, AT THE OPTION OF THE RIGHTS AGENT, SET FORTH IN WRITING ANY
ACTION PROPOSED TO BE TAKEN OR OMITTED BY THE RIGHTS AGENT UNDER THIS AGREEMENT
AND THE DATE ON OR AFTER WHICH SUCH ACTION SHALL BE TAKEN OR SUCH OMISSION SHALL
BE EFFECTIVE. THE RIGHTS AGENT SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY ACTION TAKEN BY, OR
OMISSION OF, THE RIGHTS AGENT IN ACCORDANCE WITH A PROPOSAL INCLUDED IN ANY SUCH
APPLICATION ON OR AFTER THE DATE SPECIFIED IN SUCH APPLICATION (WHICH DATE SHALL
NOT BE LESS THAN TEN BUSINESS DAYS AFTER THE DATE ANY OFFICER OF THE COMPANY
ACTUALLY RECEIVES SUCH APPLICATION UNLESS ANY SUCH OFFICER SHALL HAVE CONSENTED
IN WRITING TO AN EARLIER DATE) UNLESS, PRIOR TO TAKING ANY SUCH ACTION (OR THE
EFFECTIVE DATE IN THE CASE OF AN OMISSION), THE RIGHTS AGENT SHALL HAVE RECEIVED
WRITTEN INSTRUCTIONS IN RESPONSE TO SUCH APPLICATION SUBJECT TO THE PROPOSED
ACTION OR OMISSION AND/OR SPECIFYING THE ACTION TO BE TAKEN OR OMITTED.

                           (h) The Rights Agent and any stockholder, director,
officer or employee of the Rights Agent may buy, sell or deal in any of the
Rights or other securities of the Company or become pecuniarily interested in
any transaction in which the Company may be interested, or contract with or lend
money to the Company or otherwise act as fully and freely as though it were not
Rights Agent under this Agreement. Nothing herein shall preclude the Rights
Agent from acting in any other capacity for the Company or for any other legal
entity.

                           (i) The Rights Agent may execute and exercise any of
the rights or powers hereby vested in it or perform any duty hereunder either
itself or by or through its attorneys or agents, and the Rights Agent shall not
be answerable or accountable for any act, default, neglect or misconduct of any
such attorneys or agents


<PAGE>


or for any loss to the Company resulting from any such act, default, neglect or
misconduct; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, reasonable care was exercised in the selection
and continued employment thereof.

                           (j) No provision of this Agreement shall require the
Rights Agent to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial
liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder or in the exercise
of its rights if there shall be reasonable grounds for believing that repayment
of such funds or adequate indemnification against such risk or liability is not
reasonably assured to it.

                           (k) If, with respect to any Rights Certificate
surrendered to the Rights Agent for exercise or transfer, the certificate
attached to the form of assignment or form of election to purchase, as the case
may be, has either not been completed or indicates an affirmative response to
clause 1 and/or 2 thereof, the Rights Agent shall not take any further action
with respect to such requested exercise or transfer without first consulting
with the Company.

                           (l) THE RIGHTS AGENT SHALL NOT BE REQUIRED TO TAKE
NOTICE OR BE DEEMED TO HAVE ANY NOTICE OF ANY FACT, EVENT OR DETERMINATION
(INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY DATES OR EVENTS DEFINED IN THIS AGREEMENT OR
THE DESIGNATION OF ANY PERSON AS AN ACQUIRING PERSON, AFFILIATE OR ASSOCIATE)
UNDER THIS AGREEMENT UNLESS AND UNTIL THE RIGHTS AGENT SHALL BE SPECIFICALLY
NOTIFIED IN WRITING BY THE COMPANY OF SUCH FACT, EVENT OR DETERMINATION.

                  Section 21. CHANGE OF RIGHTS AGENT. The Rights Agent or any
successor Rights Agent may resign and be discharged from its duties under this
Agreement upon thirty (30) days' notice in writing mailed to the Company, and to
each transfer agent of the Common Stock, by registered or certified mail, and,
if such resignation occurs after the Distribution Date, to the registered
holders of the Rights Certificates by first-class mail AT THE EXPENSE OF THE
COMPANY. The Company may remove the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent
upon thirty (30) days' notice in writing, mailed to the Rights Agent or
successor Rights Agent, as the case may be, and to each transfer agent of the
Common Stock, by registered or certified mail, and, if such removal occurs after
the Distribution Date, to the holders of the Rights Certificates by first-class
mail. If the Rights Agent shall resign or be removed or shall otherwise become
incapable of acting, the Company shall appoint a successor to the Rights Agent.
If the Company shall fail to make such appointment within a period of thirty
(30) days after giving notice of such removal or after it has been notified in
writing of such resignation or incapacity by the resigning or incapacitated
Rights Agent or by the holder of a Rights Certificate (who shall, with such
notice, submit his Rights Certificate for inspection by the Company), then any
registered holder of any Rights Certificate may apply to any court of competent
jurisdiction for the appointment of a new Rights Agent. Any successor Rights
Agent, whether appointed by the Company or by such a court, shall be a legal
business entity organized and doing business under the laws of the United States
or of any state of the United States, in good standing, which is authorized
under such laws to


<PAGE>


exercise corporate trust or stock transfer or shareholder services powers or (b)
an affiliate of a legal business entity described in clause (a) of this
sentence. After appointment, the successor Rights Agent shall be vested with the
same powers, rights, duties and responsibilities as if it had been originally
named as Rights Agent without further act or deed; but the predecessor Rights
Agent shall deliver and transfer to the successor Rights Agent any property at
the time held by it hereunder, and execute and deliver any further assurance,
conveyance, act or deed necessary for the purpose. Not later than the effective
date of any such appointment, the Company shall file notice thereof in writing
with the predecessor Rights Agent and each transfer agent of the Common Stock,
and, if such appointment occurs after the Distribution Date, mail a notice
thereof in writing to the registered holders of the Rights Certificates. Failure
to give any notice provided for in this Section 21, however, or any defect
therein, shall not affect the legality or validity of the resignation or removal
of the Rights Agent or the appointment of the successor Rights Agent, as the
case may be.

                  Section 22. ISSUANCE OF NEW RIGHTS CERTIFICATES.
Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this Agreement or of the Rights to the
contrary, the Company may, at its option, issue new Rights Certificates
evidencing Rights in such form as may be approved by the Board of Directors to
reflect any adjustment or change in the Purchase Price and the number or kind or
class of shares or other securities or property purchasable under the Rights
Certificates made in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. In
addition, in connection with the issuance or sale of shares of Common Stock
following the Distribution Date and prior to the redemption or expiration of the
Rights, the Company (a) shall, with respect to shares of Common Stock so issued
or sold pursuant to the exercise of stock options or under any employee plan or
arrangement, granted or awarded as of the Distribution Date, or upon the
exercise, conversion or exchange of securities hereinafter issued by the
Company, and (b) may, in any other case, if deemed necessary or appropriate by
the Board of Directors of the Company, issue Rights Certificates representing
the appropriate number of Rights in connection with such issuance or sale;
PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that (i) no such Rights Certificate shall be issued if, and
to the extent that, the Company shall be advised by counsel that such issuance
would create a significant risk of material adverse tax consequences to the
Company or the Person to whom such Rights Certificate would be issued, and (ii)
no such Rights Certificate shall be issued if, and to the extent that,
appropriate adjustment shall otherwise have been made in lieu of the issuance
thereof.

                  Section 23.  REDEMPTION AND TERMINATION.

                           (a) The Board may, at its option, at any time prior
to the earlier of (i) the close of business on the tenth Business Day following
the Stock Acquisition Date (or, if the Stock Acquisition Date shall have
occurred prior to the Record Date, the close of business on the tenth Business
Day following the Record Date), or (ii) the Final Expiration Date, redeem all
but not less than all of the then outstanding Rights at a redemption price of
$.01 per Right, as such amount may be appropriately adjusted to


<PAGE>


reflect any stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction occurring after
the date hereof (such redemption price being hereinafter referred to as the
"Redemption Price"). Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the
contrary, the Rights shall not be exercisable after the first occurrence of a
Section 11(a)(ii) Event until such time as the Company's right of redemption
hereunder has expired. The Company may, at its option, pay the Redemption Price
in cash, shares of Common Stock (based on the Current Market Price, as defined
in Section 11(d)(i) hereof, of the Common Stock at the time of redemption) or
any other form of consideration deemed appropriate by the Board.

                           (b) Immediately upon the action of the Board ordering
the redemption of the Rights, evidence of which shall have been filed with the
Rights Agent and without any further action and without any notice, the right to
exercise the Rights will terminate and the only right thereafter of the holders
of Rights shall be to receive the Redemption Price for each Right so held.
Promptly after the action of the Board ordering the redemption of the Rights,
the Company shall give notice of such redemption to the Rights Agent and the
holders of the then outstanding Rights by mailing such notice to all such
holders at each holder's last address as it appears upon the registry books of
the Rights Agent or, prior to the Distribution Date, on the registry books of
the transfer agent for the Common Stock. Any notice which is mailed in the
manner herein provided shall be deemed given, whether or not the holder receives
the notice. Each such notice of redemption will state the method by which the
payment of the Redemption Price will be made.

                           [(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 23(a)
hereof, in the event that a majority of the Board is elected by shareholder
action by written consent, or is comprised of persons elected at a meeting of
shareholders who were not nominated by the Board in office immediately prior to
such meeting, then for a period of 180 days following the effectiveness of such
election the Rights shall not be redeemed if such redemption is reasonably
likely to have the purpose or effect of allowing any Person to become an
Acquiring Person or otherwise facilitating the occurrence of a Triggering Event
or a transaction with an Acquiring Person.]*

                  Section 24.  EXCHANGE.

                           (a) The Board may, at its option, at any time after
any Person becomes an Acquiring Person, exchange all or part of the then
outstanding and exercisable Rights (which shall not include Rights that have
become void pursuant to the provisions of Section 7(e) hereof) for Common Stock
at an exchange ratio of one share of Common Stock per Right, appropriately
adjusted to reflect any stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction
occurring after the date hereof (such exchange

- ----------
*        To be discussed.


<PAGE>


ratio being hereinafter referred to as the "Exchange Ratio"). Notwithstanding
the foregoing, the Board of Directors shall not be empowered to effect such
exchange at any time after any Person (other than the Company, any Subsidiary of
the Company, any employee benefit plan of the Company or any such Subsidiary, or
any entity holding Common Stock for or pursuant to the terms of any such plan),
together with all Affiliates and Associates of such Person, becomes the
Beneficial Owner of 50% or more of the Common Stock then outstanding.

                           (b) Immediately upon the action of the Board ordering
the exchange of any Rights pursuant to subsection (a) of this Section 24 and
without any further action and without any notice, the right to exercise such
Rights shall terminate and the only right thereafter of a holder of such Rights
shall be to receive that number of shares of Common Stock equal to the number of
such Rights held by such holder multiplied by the Exchange Ratio. The Company
shall promptly give public notice of any such exchange; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that
the failure to give, or any defect in, such notice shall not affect the validity
of such exchange. The Company promptly shall mail a notice of any such exchange
to all of the holders of such Rights at their last addresses as they appear upon
the registry books of the Rights Agent. Any notice which is mailed in the manner
herein provided shall be deemed given, whether or not the holder receives the
notice. Each such notice of exchange will state the method by which the exchange
of the Common Stock for Rights will be effected and, in the event of any partial
exchange, the number of Rights which will be exchanged. Any partial exchange
shall be effected pro rata based on the number of Rights (other than Rights
which have become void pursuant to the provisions of Section 7(e) hereof) held
by each holder of Rights.

                           (c) In the event that there shall not be sufficient
Common Stock issued but not outstanding or authorized but unissued to permit any
exchange of Rights as contemplated in accordance with this Section 24, the
Company shall take all such action as may be necessary to authorize additional
shares of Common Stock for issuance upon exchange of the Rights.

                           (d) The Company shall not be required to issue
fractions of shares of Common Stock or to distribute certificates which evidence
fractional shares of Common Stock. In lieu of such fractional shares of Common
Stock, there shall be paid to the registered holders of the Rights Certificates
with regard to which such fractional shares of Common Stock would otherwise be
issuable, an amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the current market
value of a whole share of Common Stock. For the purposes of this subsection (d),
the current market value of a whole share of Common Stock shall be the closing
price of a share of Common Stock (as determined pursuant to Section 11(d)(i)
hereof) for the Trading Day immediately prior to the date of exchange pursuant
to this Section 24.

                  Section 25.  NOTICE OF CERTAIN EVENTS.


<PAGE>


                           (a) In case the Company shall propose, at any time
after the Distribution Date, (i) to pay any dividend payable in stock of any
class to the holders of Common Stock or to make any other distribution to the
holders of Common Stock (other than a regular quarterly cash dividend out of
earnings or retained earnings of the Company), (ii) to offer to the holders of
Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or to purchase any additional
shares of Common Stock or shares of stock of any class or any other securities,
rights or options, (iii) to effect any reclassification of its Common Stock
(other than a reclassification involving only the subdivision of outstanding
shares of Common Stock), (iv) to effect any consolidation or merger into or with
any other Person (other than a Subsidiary of the Company in a transaction which
complies with Section 11(o) hereof), or to effect any sale or other transfer (or
to permit one or more of its Subsidiaries to effect any sale or other transfer),
in one transaction or a series of related transactions, of more than 50% of the
assets, cash flow or earning power of the Company and its Subsidiaries (taken as
a whole) to any other Person or Persons (other than the Company and/or any of
its Subsidiaries in one or more transactions each of which complies with Section
11(o) hereof), or (v) to effect the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of
the Company, then, in each such case, the Company shall give to each holder of a
Rights Certificate, to the extent feasible and in accordance with Section 26
hereof, a notice of such proposed action, which shall specify the record date
for the purposes of such stock dividend, distribution of rights or warrants, or
the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer,
liquidation, dissolution, or winding up is to take place and the date of
participation therein by the holders of the shares of Common Stock, if any such
date is to be fixed, and such notice shall be so given in the case of any action
covered by clause (i) or (ii) above at least twenty (20) days prior to the
record date for determining holders of the shares of Common Stock for purposes
of such action, and in the case of any such other action, at least 20 days prior
to the date of the taking of such proposed action or the date of participation
therein by the holders of the shares of Common Stock, whichever shall be the
earlier.

                           (b) In case any of the events set forth in Section
11(a)(ii) hereof shall occur, then, in any such case, (i) the Company shall as
soon as practicable thereafter give to each holder of a Rights Certificate, to
the extent feasible and in accordance with Section 26 hereof, a notice of the
occurrence of such event, which shall specify the event and the consequences of
the event to holders of Rights under Section 11(a)(ii) hereof, and (ii) all
references in the preceding paragraph to Common Stock shall be deemed thereafter
to refer to Common Stock and/or other securities, if appropriate.

                  Section 26. NOTICES. Notices or demands authorized by this
Agreement to be given or made by the Rights Agent or by the holder of any Rights
Certificate to or on the Company shall be sufficiently given or made if sent by
first-class mail, postage prepaid, addressed (until another address is filed in
writing by the Company with the Rights Agent) as follows:


<PAGE>


                  Sierra Pacific Resource
                  6100 Neil Road
                  Reno, Nevada 89511
                  Attention:  Corporate Secretary

Subject to the provisions of Section 21, any notice or demand authorized by this
Agreement to be given or made by the Company or by the holder of any Rights
Certificate to or on the Rights Agent shall be sufficiently given or made if
sent by REGISTERED OR CERTIFIED MAIL AND SHALL BE DEEMED GIVEN UPON RECEIPT,
addressed (until another address is filed in writing by the Rights Agent with
the Company) as follows:

                  Harris Trust Company

                  --------------------------------
                  --------------------------------
                  Attention:  Corporate Trust Department
                  [Stock Transfer Administration]

                  Notices or demands authorized by this Agreement to be given or
made by the Company or the Rights Agent to the holder of any Rights Certificate
(or, if prior to the Distribution Date, to the holder of certificates
representing shares of Common Stock) shall be sufficiently given or made if sent
by first-class mail, postage prepaid, addressed to such holder at the address of
such holder as shown on the registry books of the Company.

                  Section 27. SUPPLEMENTS AND AMENDMENTS. Prior to the
Distribution Date, and subject to the last sentence of this Section 27, the
Company and the Rights Agent shall, if the Company so directs AND AT THE EXPENSE
OF THE COMPANY, supplement or amend any provision of this Agreement without the
approval of any holders of certificates representing shares of Common Stock.
From and after the Distribution Date, the Company and the Rights Agent shall, if
the Company so directs AND AT THE EXPENSE OF THE COMPANY, supplement or amend
this Agreement without the approval of any holders of Rights Certificates in
order (i) to cure any ambiguity, (ii) to correct or supplement any provision
contained herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other
provisions herein, (iii) to shorten or lengthen any time period hereunder, or
(iv) to change or supplement the provisions hereunder in any manner which the
Company may deem necessary or desirable and which shall not adversely affect the
interests of the holders of Rights Certificates (other than an Acquiring Person
or an Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person); PROVIDED, this Agreement
may not be supplemented or amended to lengthen any time period hereunder,
pursuant to clause (iii) of this sentence, (A) a time period relating to when
the Rights may be redeemed at such time as the Rights are not then redeemable,
or (B) any other time period unless such lengthening is for the purpose of
protecting, enhancing or clarifying the rights of, and/or the benefits to, the
holders of Rights. Upon the delivery of a certificate from an appropriate
officer of the Company which states that the proposed supplement or


<PAGE>


amendment is in compliance with the terms of this Section 27, the Rights Agent
shall execute such supplement or amendment. Prior to the Distribution Date, the
interests of the holders of Rights shall be deemed coincident with the interests
of the holders of Common Stock. NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING IN THIS AGREEMENT TO
THE CONTRARY, NO SUPPLEMENT OR AMENDMENT THAT CHANGES THE RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF
THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL BE EFFECTIVE AGAINST THE RIGHTS
AGENT WITHOUT THE EXECUTION OF SUCH SUPPLEMENT OR AMENDMENT BY THE RIGHTS AGENT.
Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, this Agreement may not be
amended at a time when the Rights are not redeemable.

                  Section 28. SUCCESSORS. All the covenants and provisions of
this Agreement by or for the benefit of the Company or the Rights Agent shall
bind and inure to the benefit of their respective successors and assigns
hereunder.

                  Section 29. DETERMINATIONS AND ACTIONS BY THE BOARD OF
DIRECTORS, ETC. For all purposes of this Agreement, any calculation of the
number of shares of Common Stock or any other class of capital stock outstanding
at any particular time, including for purposes of determining the particular
percentage of such outstanding shares of Common Stock of which any Person is the
Beneficial Owner, shall be made in accordance with the last sentence of Rule
13d-3(d)(1)(i) of the General Rules and Regulations under the Exchange Act. The
Board of Directors of the Company shall have the exclusive power and authority
to administer this Agreement and to exercise all rights and powers specifically
granted to the Board or to the Company, or as may be necessary or advisable in
the administration of this Agreement, including, without limitation, the right
and power to (i) interpret the provisions of this Agreement, and (ii) make all
determinations deemed necessary or advisable for the administration of this
Agreement (including a determination to redeem or not redeem the Rights or to
amend the Agreement). All such actions, calculations, interpretations and
determinations (including, for purposes of clause (y) below, all omissions with
respect to the foregoing) which are done or made by the Board in good faith,
shall (x) be final, conclusive and binding on the Company, the Rights Agent, the
holders of the Rights and all other parties, and (y) not subject the Board or
any of the directors on the Board to any liability to the holders of the Rights.

                  Section 30. BENEFITS OF THIS AGREEMENT. Nothing in this
Agreement shall be construed to give to any Person other than the Company, the
Rights Agent and the registered holders of the Rights Certificates (and, prior
to the Distribution Date, registered holders of the Common Stock) any legal or
equitable right, remedy or claim under this Agreement; but this Agreement shall
be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the Company, the Rights Agent and the
registered holders of the Rights Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution
Date, registered holders of the Common Stock).

                  Section 31. SEVERABILITY. If any term, provision, covenant or
restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction or
other authority to be invalid, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the
terms, provisions, covenants and


<PAGE>


restrictions of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect and shall
in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that
notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, if any such term,
provision, covenant or restriction is held by such court or authority to be
invalid, void or unenforceable and the Board of Directors of the Company
determines in its good faith judgment that severing the invalid language from
this Agreement would adversely affect the purpose or effect of this Agreement,
the right of redemption set forth in Section 23 hereof shall be reinstated and
shall not expire until the close of business on the tenth Business Day following
the date of such determination by the Board of Directors. Without limiting the
foregoing, if any provision requiring a specific group of Directors of the
Company to act is held to by any court of competent jurisdiction or other
authority to be invalid, void or unenforceable, such determination shall then be
made by the Board of Directors of the Company in accordance with applicable law
and the Company's Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws.

                  Section 32. GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement, each Right and each
Rights Certificate issued hereunder shall be deemed to be a contract made under
the laws of the State of Nevada and for all purposes shall be governed by and
construed in accordance with the laws of such State applicable to contracts made
and to be performed entirely within such State.

                  Section 33. COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in
any number of counterparts and each of such counterparts shall for all purposes
be deemed to be an original, and all such counterparts shall together constitute
but one and the same instrument.

                  Section 34. DESCRIPTIVE HEADINGS. Descriptive headings of the
several sections of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall
not control or affect the meaning or construction of any of the provisions
hereof.


<PAGE>


                  IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this
Agreement to be duly executed and attested, all as of the day and year first
above written.

Attest:                                                 SIERRA PACIFIC RESOURCES

By                                                      By
 Name:                                                      Name:
 Title:                                                     Title:

Attest:                                                 HARRIS TRUST AND SAVINGS
          BANK, as Rights Agent

By                                                      By
 Name:                                                      Name:
 Title:                                                     Title:


<PAGE>


                                                                       EXHIBIT A

                          [Form of Rights Certificate]

Certificate No. R-                                               ________ Rights

NOT EXERCISABLE AFTER October 31, 2009, UNLESS EXTENDED PRIOR THERETO BY THE
BOARD OF DIRECTORS OR EARLIER IF REDEEMED BY THE COMPANY. THE RIGHTS ARE SUBJECT
TO REDEMPTION, AT THE OPTION OF THE COMPANY, AT $.01 PER RIGHT ON THE TERMS SET
FORTH IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT. UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES, RIGHTS BENEFICIALLY
OWNED BY AN ACQUIRING PERSON (AS SUCH TERM IS DEFINED IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT)
AND ANY SUBSEQUENT HOLDER OF SUCH RIGHTS MAY BECOME NULL AND VOID. [THE RIGHTS
REPRESENTED BY THIS RIGHTS CERTIFICATE ARE OR WERE BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY A
PERSON WHO WAS OR BECAME AN ACQUIRING PERSON OR AN AFFILIATE OR ASSOCIATE OF AN
ACQUIRING PERSON (AS SUCH TERMS ARE DEFINED IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT).
ACCORDINGLY, THIS RIGHTS CERTIFICATE AND THE RIGHTS REPRESENTED HEREBY MAY
BECOME NULL AND VOID IN THE CIRCUMSTANCES SPECIFIED IN SECTION 7(e) OF SUCH
AGREEMENT.]*

                               Rights Certificate

                            SIERRA PACIFIC RESOURCES

                  This certifies that _________________, or registered assigns,
is the registered owner of the number of Rights set forth above, each of which
entitles the owner thereof, subject to the terms, provisions and conditions of
the Rights Agreement, dated as of September 21, 1999 (the "Rights Agreement"),
between Sierra Pacific Resources, a Nevada corporation (the "Company"), and
______________________________ [a _______________ banking corporation] (the
"Rights Agent"), to purchase from the Company at any time prior to 5:00 P.M.
(New York City time) on October 31, 2009 (unless such date is extended prior
thereto by the

- --------
*        The portion of the legend in brackets shall be inserted only if
         applicable and shall replace the preceding sentence.


<PAGE>


Board of Directors) at the office or offices of the Rights Agent designated for
such purpose, or its successors as Rights Agent, one fully paid, non-assessable
share of Common Stock (the "Common Stock") of the Company, at a purchase price
of $_____ per share (the "Purchase Price"), upon presentation and surrender of
this Rights Certificate with the Form of Election to Purchase and related
Certificate duly executed. The number of Rights evidenced by this Rights
Certificate (and the number of shares which may be purchased upon exercise
thereof) set forth above, and the Purchase Price per share set forth above, are
the number and Purchase Price as of September 21, 1999, based on the Common
Stock as constituted at such date.

                  Upon the occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event (as such term
is defined in the Rights Agreement), if the Rights evidenced by this Rights
Certificate are beneficially owned by (i) an Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or
Associate of any such Acquiring Person (as such terms are defined in the Rights
Agreement), (ii) a transferee of any such Acquiring Person, Associate or
Affiliate, or (iii) under certain circumstances specified in the Rights
Agreement, a transferee of a person who, after such transfer, became an
Acquiring Person, or an Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person, such
Rights shall become null and void and no holder hereof shall have any right with
respect to such Rights from and after the occurrence of such Section 11(a)(ii)
Event.

                  As provided in the Rights Agreement, the Purchase Price and
the number and kind of shares of Common Stock or other securities, which may be
purchased upon the exercise of the Rights evidenced by this Rights Certificate
are subject to modification and adjustment upon the happening of certain events,
including Triggering Events.

                  This Rights Certificate is subject to all of the terms,
provisions and conditions of the Rights Agreement, which terms, provisions and
conditions are hereby incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof
and to which Rights Agreement reference is hereby made for a full description of
the rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities hereunder
of the Rights Agent, the Company and the holders of the Rights Certificates,
which limitations of rights include the temporary suspension of the
exercisability of such Rights under the specific circumstances set forth in the
Rights Agreement. Copies of the Rights Agreement are on file at the
above-mentioned office of the Rights Agent and are also available upon written
request to the Rights Agent.

                  This Rights Certificate, with or without other Rights
Certificates, upon surrender at the principal office or offices of the Rights
Agent designated for such purpose, may be exchanged for another Rights
Certificate or Rights Certificates of like tenor and date evidencing Rights
entitling the holder to purchase a like aggregate number of shares of Common
Stock as the Rights evidenced by the Rights Certificate or Rights Certificates
surrendered shall have entitled such holder to purchase. If this Rights
Certificate shall be exercised in part, the holder shall be entitled to receive
upon


<PAGE>


surrender hereof another Rights Certificate or Rights Certificates for the
number of whole Rights not exercised.

                  Subject to the provisions of the Rights Agreement, the Rights
evidenced by this Certificate may be redeemed by the Company at its option at a
redemption price of $.01 per Right at any time prior to the earlier of the close
of business on (i) the tenth Business Day following the Stock Acquisition Date
(as such time period may be extended pursuant to the Rights Agreement), and (ii)
the Final Expiration Date. [The foregoing notwithstanding, the Rights generally
may not be redeemed for one hundred eighty (180) days following a change in a
majority of the Board as a result of a proxy contest.]* In addition, under
certain circumstances following the Stock Acquisition Date, the Rights may be
exchanged, in whole or in part, for shares of the Common Stock, or shares of
preferred stock of the Company having essentially the same value or economic
rights as such shares. Immediately upon the action of the Board of Directors of
the Company authorizing any such exchange, and without any further action or any
notice, the Rights (other than Rights which are not subject to such exchange)
will terminate and the Rights will only enable holders to receive the shares
issuable upon such exchange.

                  No fractional shares of Common Stock will be issued upon the
exercise of any Right or Rights evidenced hereby, but in lieu thereof a cash
payment will be made, as provided in the Rights Agreement.

                  No holder of this Rights Certificate shall be entitled to vote
or receive dividends or be deemed for any purpose the holder of shares of Common
Stock or of any other securities of the Company which may at any time be
issuable on the exercise hereof, nor shall anything contained in the Rights
Agreement or herein be construed to confer upon the holder hereof, as such, any
of the rights of a stockholder of the Company or any right to vote for the
election of directors or upon any matter submitted to stockholders at any
meeting thereof, or to give consent to or withhold consent from any corporate
action, or, to receive notice of meetings or other actions affecting
stockholders (except as provided in the Rights Agreement), or to receive
dividends or subscription rights, or otherwise, until the Right or Rights
evidenced by this Rights Certificate shall have been exercised as provided in
the Rights Agreement.




- --------
*        To be discussed.


<PAGE>


                  This Rights Certificate shall not be valid or obligatory for
any purpose until it shall have been countersigned by the Rights Agent.

                  WITNESS the facsimile signature of the proper officers of the
Company and its corporate seal.

Dated as of September 21, 1999

ATTEST:                                     SIERRA PACIFIC RESOURCES

                                            By /s/ William E. Peterson
                                              --------------------------------
                                              William E. Peterson, Secretary

Countersigned:

HARRIS TRUST AND SAVINGS BANK

By____________________________

   Authorized Signature


<PAGE>


[Form of Reverse Side of Rights Certificate]

                               FORM OF ASSIGNMENT

         (To be executed by the registered holder if such
         holder desires to transfer the Rights Certificate.)

                  FOR VALUE RECEIVED, __________________________________ hereby
sells, assigns and transfers unto
      ---------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Please print name and address of transferee)

this Rights Certificate, together with all right, title and interest therein,
and does hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint _______________________,
Attorney, to transfer the within Rights Certificate on the books of the within
named Company, with full power of substitution.

Dated: __________________, _____

                                       ---------------------------------
                                         Signature

Signature Guaranteed:


<PAGE>


                                   CERTIFICATE

                  The undersigned hereby certifies by checking the appropriate
boxes that:

                  (1) this Rights Certificate [ ] is [ ] is not being sold,
assigned and transferred by or on behalf of a Person who is or was an Acquiring
Person or an Affiliate or Associate of any such Acquiring Person (as such terms
are defined pursuant to the Rights Agreement);

                  (2) after due inquiry and to the best knowledge of the
undersigned, it [ ] did [ ] did not acquire the Rights evidenced by this Rights
Certificate from any Person who is, was or subsequently became an Acquiring
Person or an Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person.

Dated: _______________, _____       __________________________________
                                        Signature

Signature Guaranteed:

                                     NOTICE

                  The signature to the foregoing Assignment and Certificate must
correspond to the name as written upon the face of this Rights Certificate in
every particular, without alteration or enlargement or any change whatsoever.


<PAGE>


                          FORM OF ELECTION TO PURCHASE

                  (To be executed if holder desires to exercise Rights
                  represented by the Rights Certificate.)

To:  SIERRA PACIFIC RESOURCES:

                  The undersigned hereby irrevocably elects to exercise
__________ Rights represented by this Rights Certificate to purchase the shares
of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of the Rights (or such other
securities of the Company or of any other person which may be issuable upon the
exercise of the Rights) and requests that certificates for such shares be issued
in the name of and delivered to:

- ------------------------
Please insert social security
or other identifying number

Name:___________________________
Add: ____________________________
C/S/Z____________________________
     (Please print name and address)

                  If such number of Rights shall not be all the Rights evidenced
by this Rights Certificate, a new Rights Certificate for the balance of such
Rights shall be registered in the name of and delivered to:

- ---------------------------------
Please insert social security
or other identifying number

Name:_________________________________      Date:___________________
Add:___________________________________
C/S/Z__________________________________
(Please print name and address)

Signature Guaranteed:


<PAGE>


                                   CERTIFICATE

                  The undersigned hereby certifies by checking the appropriate
boxes that:

                  (1) the Rights evidenced by this Rights Certificate [ ] are
[ ] are not being exercised by or on behalf of a Person who is or was an
Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or Associate of any such Acquiring Person
(as such terms are defined pursuant to the Rights Agreement);

                  (2) after due inquiry and to the best knowledge of the
undersigned, it [ ] did [ ] did not acquire the Rights evidenced by this Rights
Certificate from any Person who is, was or became an Acquiring Person or an
Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person.

Dated: ______________, _____

                                         Signature

Signature Guaranteed:

                                     NOTICE

                  The signature to the foregoing Election to Purchase and
Certificate must correspond to the name as written upon the face of this Rights
Certificate in every particular, without alteration or enlargement or any change
whatsoever.

<PAGE>


                                     EXHIBIT B

                              SIERRA PACIFIC RESOURCES
                               STOCKHOLDER RIGHTS PLAN

                                   Summary of Rights
                                   -----------------
<TABLE>
<S>                                 <C>
Distribution and                    Rights to purchase from Sierra Pacific Resources (the
for Transfer of Rights;             "Company) one share of common stock of the Company will be
Rights Certificate:                 distributed as a dividend to holders of record of Common Stock
- -------------------                 (the "Common Stock") at the close of business on October 31,
                                    1999 and will be attached to each share of Common Stock. Each Right
                                    will entitle the registered owner to purchase from the Company one
                                    share of common stock of the Company at a price of $75.00, subject to
                                    adjustments, regulatory approval and other specified conditions (the
                                    "Purchase Price").

Distribution Date:                  The Rights will be exercisable, transferable apart from the
- -----------------                   Common Stock, and a "Distribution Date" will occur upon the
                                    earlier of (i) 10 business days following a public announcement
                                    that a person or group of affiliated or associated persons other
                                    than Sierra Pacific and its affiliates (an "Acquiring Person") has
                                    acquired, or obtained the right to acquire, beneficial ownership
                                    of 15% or more of the outstanding shares of Sierra Pacific
                                    Common Stock (the "Stock Acquisition Date") and (ii) 10
                                    business days (or such later date as a majority of the Sierra
                                    Pacific Board may determine) following the commencement of
                                    (or a public announcement of an intention to make) a tender or
                                    exchange offer that would result in a person or group becoming
                                    an Acquiring Person.

Flip-In:                            If any person becomes an Acquiring Person, other than pursuant
- -------                             to a tender or exchange offer for all outstanding shares of
                                    Common Stock at a price and on terms determined by a
                                    majority of the independent directors not associated or affiliated
                                    with the Acquiring Person, after receiving the advice of one or
                                    more investment banking firms, to be fair and not inadequate,
                                    and otherwise on terms which are in the best interests of the
                                    stockholders, then each Right (other than Rights owned by the
                                    Acquiring Person, its affiliates, associates or certain transferees,
                                    which will become void) will entitle the holder to receive, upon
                                    exercise at the then current exercise price of the Sierra Pacific
                                    Right, Sierra Pacific Common Stock having a market value
                                    equal to two times the exercise price of the Sierra Pacific Right.
</TABLE>

<PAGE>


<TABLE>
<S>                                 <C>
Flip-Over:                          If, at any time while there is an Acquiring Person, the Company
- ---------                           engages in a merger or other business combination transaction or
                                    series of related transactions in which the Common Stock is changed
                                    or exchanged or 50% or more of its assets or earning power is
                                    transferred, each Right (not previously voided) will entitle its
                                    holder to purchase, at the Right's then current Exercise Price,
                                    common stock of the acquiring or surviving company having a value
                                    equal to two times the Right's then current Exercise Price.

Exchange Provision:                 At any time after an event triggering the flip-in or flip-over
- ------------------                  rights and prior to the acquisition by the Acquiring Person of
                                    50% or more of the outstanding Common Stock, the Board of
                                    Directors of the Company may exchange the Rights (other than
                                    Rights owned by the Acquiring Person or its affiliates), in whole
                                    or in part, at an exchange ratio of one Common Share per Right
                                    (subject to adjustment).

Redemption of                       The Board of Directors, under certain circumstances, is entitled
the Rights:                         to redeem the Rights at $0.01 per Right at any time prior to the
- ----------                          tenth business day following a public announcement that a person or
                                    group has become and Acquiring Person.

Expiration of                       The Rights will expire October 31, 2009 unless extended by
the Rights:                         amendment of the Rights Agreement.
- -----------
Amendment of Terms                  The terms of the Rights generally may be amended by the
of Rights:                          Board of Directors in any manner at any time prior to the
- ---------                           Distribution Date of the Rights and thereafter by the Board of
                                    Directors in certain respects, including (a) generally to shorten or
                                    lengthen any time period (including the redemption period prior to
                                    the Rights becoming non-redeemable) and (b) other amendments not
                                    adverse to the interests of holders of Rights. The Rights Plan,
                                    however, may not be amended at such time as the Rights are not
                                    redeemable.

Voting Rights:                      The Rights will not have any voting rights.
- -------------
Anti-Dilution                       The Rights will have the benefit of certain customary anti-
Provisions:                         dilution provisions.
- ----------
Taxes:                              The Rights distribution should not be taxable for federal income
- -----                               tax purposes.  However, following an event which renders the
                                    Rights exercisable or upon redemption of the Rights,
                                    stockholders may recognize taxable income.
</TABLE>

<PAGE>


The foregoing is a summary of certain principal terms of the Stockholder Rights
Plan only and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the detailed terms of
the Rights Agreement, dated as of September 21, 1999, between the Company and
the Rights Agent.

<PAGE>


<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION                                                             PAGE
<S>                                                                 <C>

 1.  Certain Definitions                                              3

 2.  Appointment of Rights Agent                                     14

 3.  Issuance of Rights Certificates                                 15

 4.  Form of Rights Certificates                                     19

 5.  Countersignature and Registration                               21

 6.  Transfer, Split Up, Combination and Exchange
     of Rights Certificates; Mutilated, Destroyed,
     Lost or Stolen Rights Certificates                              23

 7.  Exercise of Rights; Purchase Price; Expiration Date of Rights   25

 8.  Cancellation and Destruction of Rights Certificates             31

 9.  Reservation and Availability of Capital Stock                   32

10.  Preferred Stock Record Date                                     36

11.  Adjustment of Purchase Price, Number and
     Kind of Shares or Number of Rights                              37

12.  Certificate of Adjusted Purchase Price or Number of Shares      61

13.  Consolidation, Merger or Sale or Transfer of Assets,
     Cash Flow or Earning Power                                      61

14.  Fractional Rights and Fractional Shares                         68

15.  Rights of Action                                                72

16.  Agreement of Rights Holders                                     73

17.  Rights Certificate Holder Not Deemed a Stockholder              75

18.  Concerning the Rights Agent                                     75
</TABLE>


<PAGE>


<TABLE>
<S>                                                               <C>
19.   Merger or Consolidation or Change of Name of Rights Agent    77

20.   Duties of Rights Agent                                       78

21.   Change of Rights Agent                                       83

22.   Issuance of New Rights Certificates                          86

23.   Redemption and Termination                                   87

24.   Exchange                                                     91

25.   Notice of Certain Events                                     94

26.   Notices                                                      97

27.   Supplements and Amendments                                   98

28.   Successors                                                  100

29.   Determinations and Action by the Board, etc.                101

30.   Benefits of this Agreement                                  102

31.   Severability                                                103

32.   Governing Law                                               104

33.   Counterparts                                                104

34.   Descriptive Headings                                        105
</TABLE>

         EXHIBITS
<TABLE>
<S>               <C>
Exhibit A --      Form of Rights Certificates

Exhibit B --      Form of Summary of Rights
</TABLE>


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