ARMSTRONG ASSOCIATES INC
485BPOS, 2000-05-24
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                                                                FILE NO. 2-27539

      AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON MAY 24, 2000
      --------------------------------------------------------------------

                       SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
                             Washington, D.C. 20549
                                    ---------
                                    FORM N-1A

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933                    [   ]
         Pre-Effective Amendment No.                                       [   ]
                                      ------
         Post-Effective Amendment No.  45                                  [ x ]
                                     and/or
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
         Amendment No. 31                                                  [ x ]
                        (Check appropriate box or boxes)

                           ARMSTRONG ASSOCIATES, INC.
               (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

750 North St. Paul, LB 13, Suite 1300, Dallas, Texas                     75201
        (Address of Principal Executive Offices)                      (Zip Code)

Registrant's Telephone Number, including Area Code:  (214) 720-9101

                                  C. K. Lawson
                                    President
                           Armstrong Associates, Inc.
                            750 North St. Paul, LB 13
                                   Suite 1300
                               Dallas, Texas 75201
                    (Name and Address for Agent for Service)

                               -------------------

Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering:

It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box)
[ x ]  immediately upon filing            [   ]  on (date) pursuant
       pursuant to paragraph (b)                 to paragraph (a)(i)
[   ]  on (date) pursuant to              [   ]  75 days after filing
       paragraph (b)                             pursuant to paragraph (a)(ii)
[   ]  60 days after filing pursuant      [   ]  on October 28, 1999 pursuant to
       to paragraph (a)(i)                       paragraph (a)(ii) of Rule 485.

If appropriate, check the following box:
[   ]  this  post-effective  admendment  designates a new  effective  date for a
       previously filed post-effective amendment


Title of Securities Being Registered..............Common Stock ($1.00 Par Value)

<PAGE>

The  cross-reference  sheet,  Part  A,  Part B and  Part C are  incorporated  by
reference  from  the  Registrant's  Post  Effective  Amendment  No.  44  to  the
Registration  Statement  on Form  N-1A  (File  No.  2-27539)  as filed  with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on August 27, 1999.

<PAGE>

                                 EXHIBIT INDEX
                                 -------------

(a)       Restated  Articles of Incorporation of the Fund filed October 28, 1983
          [Exhibit  1.1,  Form N-1A  Post-Effective  Amendment  No.  27] - filed
          electronically herewith

(b)(1)    Bylaws of the Fund as amended  through  August 27, 1987  [Exhibit 2.1,
          Form  N-1A  Post-Effective  Amendment  No.  31]  filed  electronically
          herewith

(b)(2)    Amendment to Bylaws of the Fund,  effective  August 25, 1993  [Exhibit
          2.2, Form N-1A Post-Effective  Amendment No. 37] filed  electronically
          herewith

(c)       See Exhibit (a)

(d)       Investment  Advisory Agreement dated October 30, 1981 between the Fund
          and Portfolios,  Inc. [Exhibit 5.1, Form N-1A Post-Effective Amendment
          No. 28] filed electronically herewith

(e)       None

(f)       None

(g)       Custody  Agreement  dated  September  9, 1994 between the Fund and The
          Bank of  California,  N.A.  [Exhibit  8.4,  Form N-1A,  Post-Effective
          Amendment No. 39] filed electronically herewith

(h)(1)    Amended  and  Restated  Transfer  Agent  Agreement  dated May 17, 1995
          [Exhibit  8.5,  Form  N-1A  Post  Effective  Amendment  No.  40] filed
          electronically herewith

(h)(2)    Administrative  Services  Agreement dated October 24, 1985 between the
          Fund and  Portfolios,  Inc.  [Exhibit  9.1,  Form N-1A  Post-Effective
          Amendment No. 30] filed electronically herewith

(i)       Opinion of Jackson & Walker, L.L.P. as to legality of securities being
          registered and related consent [Exhibit 10.1, Form N-1A Post-Effective
          Amendment No. 43] filed electronically herewith

(j)       Consent of Grant Thornton L.L.P [Filed Herewith] filed  electronically
          herewith

(k)       Financial Data Schedule

(l)       None

(m)       None

(n)       None



                           ARMSTRONG ASSOCIATES, INC.
                       RESTATED ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION
                     WITH AMENDMENDMENTS BY THE SHAREHOLDERS

     1. Armstrong  Associates,  Inc., pursuant to the provisions of Article 4.07
of the Texas Business  Corporation Act  (hereinafter  referred to as the "Act"),
hereby adopts  Restated  Articles of  Incorporation  which  accurately  copy the
Articles of Incorporation and all amendments and supplements thereto that are in
effect to date and as further amended by such Restated Articles of Incorporation
as  hereinafter  set forth,  and which  contain no other change in any provision
thereof.

     2. The  Articles of  Incorporation  of the  Corporation  are amended by the
Restated Articles of Incorporation as follows:

     (a) Article V of the Articles of Incorporation is hereby amended to read as
follows:

                                   "ARTICLE V.

          "The aggregate  number of shares of common stock which the Corporation
     shall have the  authority to issue is 6,000,000  shares of the par value of
     $1.00 per share."

     (b) Article VIII of the Articles of Incorporation is hereby amended to read
as follows:

                                 "ARTICLE VIII.

          "Prior to commencing business the Corporation complied with all of the
     capital stock requirements therefor, as provided in the corporation laws of
     Texas."

     (c) Article IX of the Articles of  Incorporation  is hereby amended to read
as follows:

<PAGE>

                                  "ARTICLE IX.

          "The  Corporation  shall  redeem any shares of the common stock of the
     Corporation duly tendered for redemption, each redemption to be effected at
     the net asset value per share of the  tendered  shares and on the terms and
     conditions set forth below:

          "1. The  redemption  shall be effected in accordance  with  procedures
     from time to time adopted by the Board of Directors, in conformity with the
     Investment  Company Act of 1940, for determining,  among other things,  (a)
     the net asset value per share of the shares,  (b) the times as of which (i)
     the shares shall be deemed duly tendered for redemption, (ii) the net asset
     value of the shares  shall be  determined  and (iii) the  redemption  price
     shall be paid, (d) the  requirements for a due tender of shares and related
     documentation,  and (e) such  other  matters  that may arise in  connection
     therewith.

          "2. Except as hereinafter provided, the redemption price shall be paid
     in cash or by check on current funds. Redemption may be made in whole or in
     part in securities or other assets of the  Corporation  in the event of the
     closing of the New York Stock Exchange or the happening of any event at any
     time prior to actual  payment which makes the  liquidation of securities or
     other  assets  of the  Corporation  in  orderly  fashion  impracticable  or
     impossible,  or if the Board of Directors  shall  determine that payment in
     cash  would  be   prejudicial  to  the  best  interests  of  the  remaining
     stockholders of the Corporation. In making any such payments in whole or in
     part in  securities  or  other  assets  of the  Corporation,  the  Board of
     Directors  shall  have the  authority  to select  and value the  particular
     securities  or other  assets to be paid to a  stockholder  and to otherwise
     decide what is fair and practicable in making such payment. Delivery of the
     securities  included in any such  payment  shall be made as promptly as any
     necessary  transfers  may be made on the books of the several  corporations
     whose securities are to be delivered.

          "3.  The  redemption  price may be paid out of stated  capital  or any
     unrestricted  surplus,  but redemption is conditional  upon the Corporation
     having funds or property legally available therefor.

          "4.  From and after the close of  business  on the day when the shares
     are properly  tendered for redemption the owner shall, with respect to such
     shares,  cease to be a stockholder of the  Corporation  and shall have only
     the  right  to  receive  the  redemption  price,  in  accordance  with  the
     provisions hereof."

                                      -2-
<PAGE>

     (d) Article XI of the Articles of  Incorporation  is hereby amended to read
as follows:

                                  "ARTICLE XI.

          "The  vote  or  concurrence  of  the  holders  of a  majority  of  the
     outstanding  shares of the Corporation shall be required for the following,
     stockholder  actions,  to  wit:  any  amendment  to or  restatement  of the
     Articles of Incorporation;  any merger or  consolidation;  any sale, lease,
     exchange or other disposition of all, or substantially all, of the property
     or assets of the Corporation;  or the dissolution of the  Corporation.  The
     foregoing  shall  control  over  any  requirement  in  the  Texas  Business
     Corporation Act (the "Act") for the vote or concurrence of the holders of a
     greater  number  of shares  with  respect  to such  actions  to the  extent
     permitted by the Act, but shall not require the vote or concurrence of such
     number of shares  where a lesser vote is specified in the Act and shall not
     require  approval by the  stockholders of any action for which the Act does
     not require stockholder vote or concurrence."

     (e) Article XII of the Articles of  Incorporation is hereby amended to read
as follows:

                                  "ARTICLE XII.

          "The post office address of the registered  office of the  Corporation
     is 311 N.  Market  Street,  Suite  205,  Dallas,  Texas and the name of its
     registered agent at such address is C. K. Lawson."

     (f) Article XIII of the Articles of Incorporation is hereby amended to read
as follows:

                                 "ARTICLE XIII.

          "The number of  directors  of the  Corporation  shall be not less than
     three  nor  more  than  ten as the  stockholders  may,  from  time  to time
     determine.  The  number of  directors  constituting  the  present  Board of
     Directors is six (6) and the names and  addresses of the persons who are to
     serve as directors until the next meeting of stockholders are:

                        Eugene P. Frenkel, M.D.
                        C. K. Lawson
                        Douglas W. Maclay
                        R. H. Stewart Mitchell, Jr.
                        Cruger S. Ragland
                        Ann D. Reed"

                                      -3-
<PAGE>

     (g) Article XIV of the Articles of  Incorporation  is hereby deleted in its
entirety.

     3. Each such amendment made by these Restated Articles of Incorporation has
been  effected in  conformity  with the  provisions of the Act and such Restated
Articles of Incorporation  and each such amendment made by the Restated Articles
of  Incorporation  was duly adopted by the  shareholders  of the  Corporation on
October 27, 1983.

     4. The number of shares  outstanding  was  1,266,131;  the number of shares
entitled to vote on the  Restated  Articles of  Incorporation  as so amended was
1,266,131;   the  number  of  shares  voted  for  such   Restated   Articles  of
Incorporation as so amended was 929,726;  and the number of shares voted against
such Restated Articles of Incorporation as so amended was 2,497.

     5. The Articles of Incorporation and all amendments and supplements thereto
are hereby superseded by the following Restated Articles of Incorporation  which
accurately copy the Articles of Incorporation and all amendments and supplements
thereto  that are in effect to date and as amended as set forth  above,  and the
Restated  articles of Incorporation  which follow contain no other change in any
provision thereof.

                       RESTATED ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION

                                       OF

                           ARMSTRONG ASSOCIATES, INC.


                                   ARTICLE I.

     The name of this Corporation is ARMSTRONG ASSOCIATES, INC.

                                   ARTICLE II.

     The period of the Corporation's duration is perpetual.

                                      -4-
<PAGE>

                                  ARTICLE III.

     The purpose or purposes for which the Corporation is organized are:

     1.  To  conduct  and  carry  on the  business  of a  diversified,  open-end
management investment company.

     2. To invest and reinvest the  property  and assets of the  Corporation  in
securities of different types and classes, including without limitation, stocks,
bonds, notes, debentures, and certificates of interest or participation,  and in
other personal property, but without banking and discounting privileges.

     3.  To  purchase,  retire,  redeem,  hold,  sell,  reissue,  transfer,  and
otherwise  deal  in,  shares  of its own  capital  stock;  and to  apply to such
purchase,  retirement,  or acquisition any funds or property of the Corporation,
whether capital or surplus or otherwise, as may be permitted by law.

     4. To exercise as owner of any securities all rights, powers and privileges
in respect  thereof and to do any and all acts and things for the  preservation,
protection and enhancement in value of all such securities.

                                   ARTICLE IV.

     1. At least seventy-five per centum (75%) of the value of the Corporation's
total  assets  shall  be   represented   by  cash  and  cash  items   (including
receivables), Government securities and other securities for the purpose of this
calculation  limited in  respect  of any one issuer to an amount not  greater in
value  than  five per  centum  (5%) of the  value  of the  total  assets  of the
Corporation  (such total assets to be determined by or in the manner  authorized
by the  Board of  Directors)  and to not more than ten per  centum  (10%) of the
outstanding- voting securities of such issuer.

     2. The  Corporation  shall not purchase any security on margin  except such
short term  credits as are  necessary  for the  clearance of  transactions,  nor
participate  on a joint or a joint and several  basis in any trading  account in
securities nor effect a short sale of any security.

     3. The Corporation shall not borrow any money unless  immediately after any
such borrowing there is an asset coverage (as defined in the Investment  Company
Act of  1940)  of at  least  300% for all  borrowings  of the  Corporation;  and
provided,  further, that in the event that such asset coverage shall at any time
fall  below 300% the  Corporation  shall,  within  three  days  thereafter  (not
including  Sundays  and  holidays)  or such longer  time as the  Securities  and
Exchange Commission may prescribe by rules and regulations, reduce the amount of
its borrowings to an extent that the asset coverage of such borrowings  shall be
at least 300%.

     4.  The  Corporation  shall  not  purchase  any  commodities  or  commodity
contracts or real estate except for its own use in connection  with its business
and shall not  underwrite  securities  issued by other  persons or issue "senior
securities" as that term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940.

                                      -5-
<PAGE>

     5. The Corporation  shall not lend any of its cash funds or other assets to
any  person,   firm  or  corporation  except  through  the  purchase  of  bonds,
debentures, notes or other evidence of indebtedness as herein authorized.

                                   ARTICLE V.

     The aggregate number of shares of common stock which the Corporation  shall
have the  authority to issue is  6,000,000  shares of the par value of $1.00 per
share.

                                   ARTICLE VI.

     No stockholder of this Corporation shall by reason of his holding shares of
any class of stock of this Corporation have any preemptive or preferential right
to  purchase or  subscribe  for any shares of common  stock or other  securities
issued by this Corporation, whether now or hereafter authorized.

                                  ARTICLE VII.

     Cumulative  voting in any  election  of  Directors  of the  Corporation  is
prohibited.

                                  ARTICLE VIII.

     Prior to  commencing  business  the  Corporation  complied  with all of the
capital stock  requirements  therefor,  as provided in the  corporation  laws of
Texas.

                                   ARTICLE IX.

     The  Corporation  shall  redeem  any  shares  of the  common  stock  of the
Corporation duly tendered for redemption,  each redemption to be effected at the
net asset value per share of the tendered shares and on the terms and conditions
set forth below:

     1. The redemption shall be effected in accordance with procedures from time
to time adopted by the Board of  Directors,  in conformity  with the  Investment
Company Act of 1940,  for  determining,  among other  things,  (a) the net asset
value per share of the shares, (b) the times as of which (i) the shares shall be
deemed  duly  tendered  for  redemption,  (ii) the net asset value of the shares
shall be  determined  and  (iii) the  redemption  price  shall be paid,  (d) the
requirements for a due tender of shares and related documentation,  and (e) such
other matters that may arise in connection therewith.

     2. Except as hereinafter  provided,  the redemption  price shall be paid in
cash or by check on current funds. Redemption may be made in whole or in part in
securities or other assets of the Corporation in the event of the closing of the
New York  Stock  Exchange  or the  happening  of any event at any time  prior to
actual payment which makes the  liquidation of securities or other assets of the
Corporation in orderly fashion  impracticable or impossible,  or if the Board of
Directors  shall determine that payment in cash would be prejudicial to the best
interests of the remaining  stockholders of the Corporation.  In making any such
payments in whole or

                                      -6-
<PAGE>

in part in securities or other assets of the Corporation, the Board of Directors
shall have the authority to select and value the particular  securities or other
assets to be paid to a  stockholder  and to  otherwise  decide  what is fair and
practicable in making such payment.  Delivery of the securities  included in any
such payment shall be made as promptly as any necessary transfers may be made on
the books of the several corporations whose securities are to be delivered.

     3.  The  redemption  price  may  be  paid  out  of  stated  capital  or any
unrestricted  surplus, but redemption is conditional upon the Corporation having
funds or property legally available therefor.

     4.  From and after the close of  business  on the day when the  shares  are
properly  tendered for redemption the owner shall,  with respect to such shares,
cease to be a stockholder  of the  Corporation  and shall have only the right to
receive the redemption price, in accordance with the provisions hereof.

                                   ARTICLE X.

     The Corporation may from time to time sell shares of its common stock for a
consideration  per share  equal to the net asset  value per share of such  stock
determined as hereinabove  provided.  The Board of Directors shall determine the
time of such  sales,  the time of  determining  net  asset  value in  connection
therewith and all other matters pertaining to such sales.

                                   ARTICLE XI.

     The vote or  concurrence  of the holders of a majority  of the  outstanding
shares  of the  Corporation  shall be  required  for the  following  stockholder
actions,   to  wit:  any  amendment  to  or   restatement  of  the  Articles  of
Incorporation;  any merger or consolidation;  any sale, lease, exchange or other
disposition  of all,  or  substantially  all,  of the  property or assets of the
Corporation; or the dissolution of the Corporation.  The foregoing shall control
over any  requirement in the Texas Business  Corporation Act (the "Act") for the
vote or concurrence of the holders of a greater number of shares with respect to
such actions to the extent  permitted by the Act, but shall not require the vote
or  concurrence of such number of shares where a lesser vote is specified in the
Act and shall not require  approval by the  stockholders of any action for which
the Act does not require stockholder vote or concurrence.

                                  ARTICLE XII.

     The post office address of the registered  office of the Corporation is 311
N. Market Street,  Suite 205, Dallas, Texas and the name of its registered agent
at such address is C. K. Lawson.

                                 ARTICLE XIII.

     The number of directors of the Corporation shall be not less than three nor
more than ten as the stockholders  may, from time to time determine.  The number
of  directors  constituting  the present  Board of  Directors is six (6) and the
names and

                                      -7-
<PAGE>

addresses of the persons who are to serve as directors until the next meeting of
stockholders are:

                        Eugene P. Frenkel, M.D.
                        C. K. Lawson
                        Douglas W. Maclay
                        R. H. Stewart Mitchell, Jr.
                        Cruger S. Ragland
                        Ann D. Reed


Dated October 27, 1983

                                        ARMSTRONG ASSOCIATES, INC.


                                        By /s/ C.K. Lawson
                                           ------------------------
                                           Its President


                                        And /s/ Candace L. King
                                            -----------------------
                                            Its Secretary

THE STATE OF TEXAS

COUNTY OF DALLAS

     This instrument was acknowledged before me on this the 27th day of October,
1983  by C.  K.  Lawson,  President  of  Armstrong  Associates,  Inc.,  a  Texas
corporation, on behalf of said corporation.


[N.S]                                   /s/ Joyce Yancey
                                        ----------------------------------
                                        Notary Public, State of Texas

                                        My commission expires:
                                        November 3, 1986
                                        ----------------------------------

                                      -8-


                                              AS AMENDED THROUGH AUGUST 27, 1987

                                     BYLAWS

                                       OF
                           ARMSTRONG ASSOCIATES, INC.
                           --------------------------
                       As Amended through August 27, 1987

                               ARTICLE I. OFFICES

     The  registered  office of the  Corporation  in the State of Texas shall be
located in the City of Dallas,  County of Dallas.  The Corporation may have such
other  offices,  either  within or without  the State of Texas,  as the Board of
Directors may designate or as the business of the  Corporation  may require from
time to time.

                            ARTICLE II. SHAREHOLDERS

     SECTION 1. ANNUAL MEETING.  The annual meeting of the  shareholders for the
purpose of electing  Directors and for the transaction of such other business as
may come before the meeting  shall be held each year within six months after the
end of the fiscal year of the  Corporation on a day selected by the President or
Secretary of the Corporation  and shown in the notice of the meeting;  PROVIDED,
HOWEVER,  that the Board of  Directors  may in any year  schedule the holding of
that year's annual meeting for a later time if in their judgment such scheduling
is in the best  interests  of the  Corporation  and not  contrary to law. If the
election  of  Directors  shall  not  be  held  at  any  annual  meeting  of  the
shareholders,  or at any adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors shall cause
the election of Directors to be held at a special meeting of the shareholders as
soon thereafter as convenient.

     SECTION 2. SPECIAL MEETINGS. Special meetings of the shareholders,  for any
purpose or purposes may be called by the President, by the Board of Directors or
by the  holders  of at least ten  (10%) of all  shares  entitled  to vote at the
proposed special meeting.

     SECTION 3. PLACE OF MEETINGS. Meetings of the shareholders for the election
of  directors  and all  other  purposes  shall  be held  in the  offices  of the
Corporation  in the City of  Dallas,  State of Texas,  or at such  other  place,
within or without the State of Texas,  that shall be  specified in the notice of
the meeting.

     SECTION 4. NOTICE OF MEETINGS. Written or printed notice stating the place,
day and hour of the meeting  and, in case of a special  meeting,  the purpose or
purposes for which the meeting is called,  shall be delivered  not less than ten
(10) nor more  than  sixty  (60)  days  before  the date of the  meeting  either
personally  or by  mail,  by or at  the  direction  of  the  President,  or  the
Secretary, or the officer or persons calling the meeting, to each shareholder of
record entitled to vote at such meeting.  If mailed, such notice shall be deemed
to be delivered when deposited in the United

<PAGE>

States mail,  addressed to the  shareholder  at his address as it appears on the
stock transfer books of the Corporation, with postage thereon prepaid.

     SECTION 5. BUSINESS TO BE CONDUCTED AT SPECIAL MEETING. Business transacted
at any special  meeting  shall be confined to the purposes  stated in the notice
thereof.

     SECTION 6. RECORD DATE;  CLOSING OF TRANSFER BOOKS.  The Board of Directors
may fix in advance a record  date for the  purpose of  determining  shareholders
entitled  to notice of or to vote at a meeting of the  shareholders,  the record
date to be not less than ten (10) nor more  than  sixty  (60) days  prior to the
meeting;  or the Board of Directors may close the stock  transfer books for such
purpose  for a period of not less than ten (10) nor more  than  sixty  (60) days
prior to such  meeting.  In the absence of any action by the Board of Directors,
the date upon  which the  notice of the  meeting  is mailed  shall be the record
date.  When a determination  of shareholders  entitled to vote at any meeting of
shareholders has been made as provided in this section, such determination shall
apply to any adjournment  thereof except where the  determination  has been made
through the closing of stock transfer books and the stated period of closing has
expired.

     SECTION 7. VOTING  LISTS.  The officer or agent having  charge of the stock
transfer books for shares of the Corporation  shall make, at least ten (10) days
before  such  meeting  of  shareholders,  a  complete  list of the  shareholders
entitled  to  vote at such  meeting  or any  adjournment  thereof,  arranged  in
alphabetical  order,  with the address of and the number of shares held by each,
which list,  for a period of ten (10) days prior to such meeting,  shall be kept
on file at the  registered  office of the  Corporation  and shall be  subject to
inspection by any shareholder at any time during usual business hours. Such list
shall also be  produced  and kept open at the time and place of the  meeting and
shall be subject to the inspection of any  shareholder  during the whole time of
the meeting.  The original  stock transfer book shall be prima facie evidence as
to who are the  shareholders  entitled to examine such list or transfer books or
to vote at any meeting of the shareholders.

     SECTION 8. QUORUM.  The holders of a majority of the outstanding  shares of
the  Corporation  entitled  to vote,  represented  in person or by proxy,  shall
constitute  a quorum at a meeting  of  shareholders.  If less than a quorum  are
represented at a meeting,  a majority of the  shareholders  present in person or
represented  by proxy may adjourn the meeting from time to time without  further
notice until a quorum shall be present or represented. At such adjourned meeting
at  which a  quorum  shall  be  present  or  represented,  any  business  may be
transacted  which  might  have been  transacted  at the  meeting  as  originally
notified.  The shareholders  present at a duly organized meeting may continue to
transact business until  adjournment,  notwithstanding  the withdrawal of enough
shareholders to leave less than a quorum.

     SECTION 9.  MAJORITY  MAY TRANSACT  BUSINESS.  The vote of the holders of a
majority  of the shares  entitled to vote and thus  represented  at a meeting at
which a quorum is present shall be the act of the shareholders' meeting,  unless
the  vote  of  a  greater   number  is  required  by  law  or  the  articles  of
incorporation.

                                      -2-
<PAGE>

     SECTION  10.  PROXIES.  A  shareholder  may vote in person or by proxy duly
executed   in   writing   by  the   shareholder   or  by  his  duly   authorized
attorney-in-fact. No proxy shall be valid after eleven (11) months from the date
of its execution  unless  otherwise  provided in the proxy.  Each proxy shall be
revocable  before it has been voted unless the proxy form  conspicuously  states
that the  proxy  is  irrevocable  and the  proxy is  coupled  with an  interest,
including the appointment as proxy of (a) a pledgee,  (b) a person who purchased
or agreed to purchase, or owns or holds an option to purchase, the shares, (c) a
creditor of the  Corporation  who extended its credit under terms  requiring the
appointment,  (d) an  employee  of the  Corporation  whose  employment  contract
requires the appointment or (e) a party to a voting agreement  created under the
Texas Business  Corporation  Act. A revocable proxy shall be deemed to have been
revoked if the Secretary of the Corporation shall have received at or before the
meeting  instructions  of  revocation  or a proxy  bearing a later  date,  which
instructions  or proxy shall have been duly executed and dated in writing by the
shareholder.

     SECTION 11. VOTING OF SHARES. Each outstanding share entitled to vote shall
be  entitled to one vote upon each  matter  submitted  to a vote at a meeting of
shareholders.  At each election for directors every shareholder entitled to vote
at such election shall have the right to vote, in person or by proxy, the number
of shares owned by him for as many persons as there are  directors to be elected
and  for  whose  election  he has a  right  to  vote,  and  stockholders  of the
Corporation are expressly prohibited from cumulating their votes in any election
for directors of the Corporation.

     SECTION 12.  VOTING OF SHARES BY CERTAIN  HOLDERS.  Shares  standing in the
name of another corporation may be voted by such officer,  agent or proxy as the
bylaws of such  corporation  may prescribe or, in the absence of such provision,
as the Board of Directors of such corporation may determine.

     Shares held by an administrator,  executor,  guardian or conservator may be
voted by him,  either in person or by proxy,  without a transfer  of such shares
into his name.  Shares  standing  in the name of a trustee  may be voted by him,
either in person or by proxy,  but no trustee  shall be  entitled to vote shares
held by him without a transfer of such shares into his name as trustee.

     Shares  standing in the name of a receiver  may be voted by such  receiver,
and  shares  held by or under the  control  of a  receiver  may be voted by such
receiver  without the  transfer  thereof  into his name if authority so to do be
contained  in an  appropriate  order of the  court by which  such  receiver  was
appointed.

     A  shareholder  whose  shares are  pledged  shall be  entitled to vote such
shares until the shares have been transferred into the name of the pledgee,  and
thereafter the pledgee shall be entitled to vote the shares so transferred.

     Shares of its own stock  belonging  to the  Corporation  or held by it in a
fiduciary capacity shall not be voted,  directly or indirectly,  at any meeting,
and shall not be counted in determining  the total number of outstanding  shares
at any given time.

                                      -3-
<PAGE>

     SECTION 13.  INFORMAL  ACTION BY  SHAREHOLDERS.  Any action  required to be
taken at a meeting of the  shareholders,  or any action  which may be taken at a
meeting  of the  shareholders,  may be taken  without a meeting  if a consent in
writing,  setting  forth  the  action  so  taken,  shall be signed by all of the
shareholders  entitled to vote with  respect to the subject  matter  thereof and
such  consent  shall  have the same  force  and  effect as a  unanimous  vote of
shareholders.

                         ARTICLE III. BOARD OF DIRECTORS

     SECTION 1. GENERAL  POWERS.  The  business  and affairs of the  Corporation
shall be managed by its Board of Directors which may exercise all such powers of
the  Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or
by the Articles of  Incorporation or by these by-laws directed or required to be
exercised and done by the shareholders.

     SECTION 2. NUMBER,  QUALIFICATIONS  AND TENURE.  The number of Directors of
the  Corporation  shall be  determined  by the  shareholders  (by  resolution or
election)  from time to time,  but in no event shall the number be fixed at less
than three or shall any decrease in the number of  directors  have the effect of
shortening the term of any incumbent  Director.  Directors need not be residents
of the State of Texas or  shareholders  of the  Corporation.  Unless  removed in
accordance  with these bylaws,  each  Director  shall hold office until the next
succeeding  annual meeting of  shareholders  and until his successor  shall have
been  elected and  qualified.  Any  Director may be removed from his position as
Director,  either with or without cause, at any meeting of  shareholders  called
expressly  for that purpose by a vote of the holders of a majority of the shares
then  entitled to vote at an election of  Directors.  Any Director may resign at
any  time  by  giving  written  notice  to the  President  or  Secretary  of the
Corporation,  and the  resignation  shall take  effect,  without any  acceptance
thereof  on behalf of the  Corporation,  on the later of (a) the date  specified
therein or (b) the date on which the written resignation is actually received by
the President or the Secretary of the Corporation.

     SECTION 3. REGULAR  MEETINGS.  A regular  meeting of the Board of Directors
shall be held without other notice than by this bylaw immediately  after, and at
the same place as, the annual  meeting of  shareholders.  The Board of Directors
may provide,  by  resolution,  the time and place for the holding of  additional
regular meetings without notice other than such resolution.

     SECTION 4. SPECIAL MEETINGS. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may
be  called  by or at the  request  of the  President  and shall be called by the
Secretary  on the written  request of any two  Directors.  The person or persons
authorized to call special  meetings of the Board of Directors may fix the place
for holding any special meeting of the Board of Directors called by them. Notice
of any special meeting shall be given at least one (1) day previously thereto by
written notice  delivered  personally or mailed to each Director at his business
or residence address, or by telegram.  Neither the business to be transacted at,
nor the  purpose of, any  regular or special  meeting of the Board of  Directors
need be specified in the notice or waiver of notice of such meeting.  If mailed,
such notice shall be deemed to be delivered  when deposited in the United States
mail so addressed, with postage thereon prepaid. If notice be given by telegram,
such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when

                                      -4-
<PAGE>

the  telegram is  delivered  to the  telegraph  company.  Any Director may waive
notice  of  any  meeting.  The  attendance  of a  Director  at a  meeting  shall
constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where a Director attends a
meeting for the express  purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business
because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

     SECTION 5. PLACE OF MEETINGS.  Meetings of the Board of Directors,  regular
or special, may be held either within or without the State of Texas.

     SECTION  6.  QUORUM.  A  majority  of the  number  of  Directors  fixed  in
accordance with Section 2 of this Article III shall  constitute a quorum for the
transaction  of business at any meeting of the Board of  Directors,  but if less
than such majority is present at a meeting,  a majority of the Directors present
may adjourn the  meeting  from time to time,  without  further  notice,  until a
quorum shall be present.

     SECTION  7.  MANNER OF ACTING.  The act of the  majority  of the  Directors
present at a meeting at which a quorum is present  shall be the act of the Board
of  Directors  unless a greater  number is required by law or by the Articles of
Incorporation.

     SECTION 8. VACANCIES.  Any vacancy  occurring in the Board of Directors (by
death,  resignation,  retirement,  disqualification,   removal  from  office  or
otherwise  than an  increase  in the number of  directors)  may be filled by the
affirmative  vote of not less than a majority of the  directors  then in office,
even if less than a quorum, and any director so chosen, unless sooner displaced,
shall hold office  until the next annual  election  of  directors  and until his
successor shall have been duly elected and qualified;  PROVIDED that immediately
after the filling of any such vacancy at least  two-thirds of the directors then
holding office shall have been elected to such office by the shareholders of the
Corporation at an annual  meeting or a special  meeting called for that purpose.
In the event  that at any time  less than a  majority  of the  directors  of the
Corporation  holding office at the time were elected by the holders of shares of
the  Corporation  entitled to vote in the  election of  directors,  the Board of
Directors or the President of the  Corporation  shall forthwith cause to be held
as promptly as possible  and, in any event,  within sixty (60) days a meeting of
the  shareholders  for the purpose of electing  directors  to fill any  existing
vacancies in the Board of Directors.

     SECTION 9.  PRESUMPTION  OF ASSENT.  A Director of the  Corporation  who is
present at a meeting of the Board of Directors at which action on any  corporate
matter is taken shall be presumed to have  assented to the action  taken  unless
his dissent  shall be entered into the minutes of the meeting or unless he shall
file his written  dissent to such action with the person acting as the secretary
of the meeting before the  adjournment  thereof or shall forward such dissent by
registered  mail to the  Secretary  of the  Corporation  immediately  after  the
adjournment of the meeting.  Such right to dissent shall not apply to a Director
who voted in favor of such action.

     SECTION 10. COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS.  The Board of Directors, by resolution
adopted by a majority of the whole Board,  may designate  from among its members
an Executive  Committee and one or more other committees,  each of which, to the
extent  provided  in such  resolution,  shall have and may  exercise  all of the
authority  of the Board of  Directors,  except  where the action of the Board is
required

                                      -5-
<PAGE>

by statute.  The designation of any such committee and the delegation thereto of
authority  shall not  operate to relieve the Board of  Directors,  or any member
thereof,  of any  responsibility  imposed by law. In like  manner,  the Board of
Directors  may  designate  from among its members one or more other  committees,
including an Audit  Committee,  which shall have and may exercise such authority
of the Board of Directors as may be properly provided in such resolution.

     SECTION  11.  COMPENSATION  OF  DIRECTORS.  Directors,  as such,  shall not
receive any stated salary for their services,  but, by resolution of the Board a
fixed sum and expenses of  attendance,  if any, may be allowed for attendance at
each  regular or special  meeting of the Board;  PROVIDED  that  nothing  herein
contained  shall  be  construed  to  preclude  any  Director  from  serving  the
Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation  therefor.  Members
of special or standing committees may be allowed like compensation for attending
committee meetings.

     SECTION  12.  ACTIONS  WITHOUT A MEETING;  TELEPHONE  MEETINGS.  Any action
required or  permitted to be taken at a meeting of the Board of Directors or any
committee may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing,  setting forth
the action so taken,  is signed by all of the members of the Board of  Directors
or committee, as the case may be; and such consent shall have the same force and
effect as a unanimous  vote at a meeting.  Subject to the  provisions  set forth
elsewhere  in these  bylaws  for  notice of  meetings,  members  of the Board of
Directors or any committee may participate in and hold a meeting of the Board or
committee by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment
by means of which all persons  participating in the meeting can hear each other,
and  participation  in a  meeting  pursuant  to this  Section  shall  constitute
presence in person at such meeting,  except where a person  participates  in the
meeting for the express  purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business
on the ground that the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

                               ARTICLE IV. NOTICES

     SECTION I. FORM;  DELIVERY.  Notices to Directors and shareholders shall be
in writing and delivered  personally or mailed to the Directors or  shareholders
at their  addresses  appearing on the books of the  Corporation.  Notice by mail
shall be deemed to be given at the time when  same  shall be  mailed.  Notice to
Directors may also be given by telegram.

     SECTION  2.  WAIVER.  Whenever  any notice is  required  to be given to any
shareholder  or Director under the provisions of the statutes or of the articles
of incorporation or of these by-laws,  a waiver thereof in writing signed by the
person or persons  entitled  to such  notice,  whether  before or after the time
stated therein, shall be equivalent to the giving of such notice.

     SECTION 3.  EFFECT OF  ATTENDANCE.  Attendance  of a Director  at a meeting
shall  constitute  a waiver of notice of such  meeting,  except where a Director
attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any
business on the ground that the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

                                      -6-
<PAGE>

                               ARTICLE V. OFFICERS

     SECTION 1.  NUMBER.  The  officers of the  Corporation  shall  consist of a
president  and a  secretary,  each of whom  shall  be  elected  by the  Board of
Directors.  The Board of  Directors  may also elect one or more vice  presidents
(the number and  categories  thereof to be determined by the Board of Directors)
and a treasurer. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person.

     SECTION 2. TIME OF ELECTION.  The Board of  Directors at its first  meeting
after each annual meeting of shareholders shall choose a president,  a secretary
and such additional  officers that it deems appropriate,  none of whom need be a
member of the Board.

     SECTION 3. ADDITIONAL  OFFICES.  Such other officers and assistant officers
and agents as may be deemed appropriate may be elected or appointed by the Board
of Directors.

     SECTION 4.  SALARIES.  The salaries,  if any, of all officers and agents of
the Corporation shall be fixed by the Board of Directors.

     SECTION 5. TERM.  The officers of the  Corporation  shall hold office until
their  successors are chosen and qualify.  Any officer or agent or member of the
executive  committee  elected  or  appointed  by the Board of  Directors  may be
removed by the Board of Directors whenever in its judgment the best interests of
the  Corporation  will be served  thereby,  but such  removal  shall be  without
prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed.  Any vacancy
occurring in any office of the  Corporation  by death,  resignation,  removal or
otherwise shall be filled by the Board of Directors.

     SECTION  6. THE  PRESIDENT.  The  president  shall be the  chief  executive
officer of the  Corporation,  shall preside at all meetings of the  shareholders
and the Board of  Directors,  shall see that all orders and  resolutions  of the
Board of Directors are carried into effect,  and,  subject to the control of the
Board of Directors,  shall have general and active management of the business of
the  Corporation.  He shall  execute  contracts  in the name of the  Corporation
except where the signing and execution  thereof shall be expressly  delegated by
the Board of Directors  to some other  officer or officers or agent or agents of
the Corporation.

     SECTION 7. THE VICE  PRESIDENTS.  The vice presidents in the order of their
seniority,  unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors, shall, in the
absence or  disability  of the  president,  perform the duties and  exercise the
powers of the  president.  They shall  perform  such other  duties and have such
other powers as the Board of Directors shall prescribe.

     SECTION 8. THE  SECRETARY.  The secretary  shall attend all meetings of the
Board of  Directors  and all  meetings  of the  shareholders  and record all the
proceedings of the meetings of the  Corporation and of the Board of Directors in
one or more books to be kept for that purpose and shall  perform like duties for
the standing  committees  when  required.  He shall give,  or cause to be given,
notice of all meetings of the  shareholders and special meetings of the Board of
Directors, and shall perform such

                                      -7-
<PAGE>

other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or president,  under
whose supervision he shall be.

     SECTION 9. The ASSISTANT SECRETARIES. The assistant secretaries, if any, in
the  order of their  seniority,  unless  otherwise  determined  by the  Board of
Directors,  shall,  in the absence or disability of the  secretary,  perform the
duties and exercise the powers of the  secretary.  They shall perform such other
duties and have such  other  powers as the Board of  Directors  may from time to
time prescribe.

     SECTION 10. THE  TREASURER.  The  treasurer  shall be  responsible  for the
corporate  funds and  securities  and shall keep full and  accurate  accounts of
receipts  and  disbursements  in books  belonging to the  Corporation  and shall
deposit all moneys and other  valuable  effects in the name and to the credit of
the  Corporation  in such  depositories  as may be  designated  by the  Board of
Directors.  He shall render to the  president  and the Board of Directors at its
regular  meetings or when the Board of  Directors  so requires an account of all
his  transactions as treasurer and of the finance  condition of the Corporation.
If required by the Board of Directors,  he shall give the  Corporation a bond in
such sum and with such surety or sureties as shall be  satisfactory to the Board
of Directors  for the faithful  performance  of the duties of his office and for
the  restoration  to  the  Corporation,  in  case  of  his  death,  resignation,
retirement or removal from office,  of all books,  papers,  vouchers,  money and
other property of whatever kind in his possession or under his control belonging
to the Corporation.

     SECTION 11. THE ASSISTANT TREASURERS.  The assistant treasurers, if any, in
the  order of their  seniority,  unless  otherwise  determined  by the  Board of
Directors,  shall,  in the absence or disability of the  treasurer,  perform the
duties and exercise the powers of the  treasurer.  They shall perform such other
duties and have such  other  powers as the Board of  Directors  may from time to
time prescribe.

             ARTICLE VI. CERTIFICATES FOR SHARES AND THEIR TRANSFER

     SECTION 1. CERTIFICATES FOR SHARES. Certificates representing shares of the
Corporation  outstanding  shall be signed by the president or a vice  president,
and the  secretary or an  assistant  secretary  of the  Corporation,  and may be
sealed with the seal of the Corporation or a facsimile  thereof.  No certificate
shall be issued for any share until the  consideration  therefor  has been fully
paid.  Each  certificate  representing  shares shall state upon the face thereof
that the Corporation is organized under the laws of the State of Texas, the name
of the person to whom issued,  the number and class and the  designation  of the
series,  if any, which said  certificate  represents,  and the par value of each
share represented by such certificate or a statement that the shares are without
par value.

     SECTION 2.  FACSIMILE  SIGNATURES.  The signatures of the president or vice
president and the  secretary or assistant  secretary  upon a certificate  may be
facsimiles,  if  the  certificate  is  countersigned  by a  transfer  agent,  or
registered by a registrar,  other than the Corporation  itself or an employee of
the Corporation. In case any officer who has signed or whose facsimile signature
has been  placed  upon such  certificate  shall have  ceased to be such  officer
before such certificate is issued,  it may be issued by the corporation with the
same effect as if he were such officer at the date of the issuance.

                                      -8-
<PAGE>

     SECTION  3. LOST  CERTIFICATES.  The Board of  Directors  may  direct a new
certificate  or  certificates  to be  issued  in  place  of any  certificate  or
certificates  theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost or
destroyed,  upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person  claiming
the certificate of stock to be lost or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of
a new certificate or certificates, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion
and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof,  require the owner of such
lost or destroyed certificate or certificates,  or his legal representative,  to
advertise  the  same in such  manner  as it  shall  require  and/or  to give the
Corporation  a bond in such sum as it may direct as indemnity  against any claim
that may be made against the Corporation with respect to the certificate alleged
to have been lost or destroyed.

     SECTION 4.  TRANSFERS OF STOCK.  Upon  surrender to the  Corporation or the
transfer agent of the  Corporation of a certificate  for shares duly endorsed or
accompanied  by proper  evidence  of  succession,  assignment  or  authority  to
transfer, with signatures guaranteed as required by the Board of Directors,  and
accompanied by proper payment of transfer taxes,  the corporation  shall issue a
new certificate to the person entitled  thereto,  cancel the old certificate and
record the transaction upon its books.

                            ARTICLE VII. FISCAL YEAR

     The fiscal year of the Corporation ends June 30 of each year.

                                ARTICLE VII. SEAL

     The Board of  Directors  shall  provide a  corporate  seal  which  shall be
circular in form and shall have  inscribed  thereon the name of the  corporation
and the state of incorporation and the words, "Corporate Seal."

                             ARTICLE IX. AMENDMENTS

     The Board of Directors shall have the power to alter, amend or repeal these
Bylaws or adopt new  Bylaws,  subject to  amendment,  repeal or  adoption of new
Bylaws by action of the  shareholders  and unless the  shareholders in amending,
repealing or adopting a new Bylaw expressly  provide that the Board of Directors
may not amend or repeal that Bylaw.  The Board of Directors  may  exercise  this
power at any  regular  or  special  meeting  at which a quorum is present by the
affirmative  vote of a majority  of the  Directors  present at the  meeting  and
without any notice of the action  taken with  respect to the Bylaws  having been
contained  in the  notice  or  waiver of  notice  of such  meeting.  Unless  the
Corporation's  Articles of  Incorporation or a Bylaw adopted by the shareholders
provide  otherwise as to all or some  portion of the Bylaws,  the  Corporation's
shareholders  may amend,  repeal or adopt new Bylaws  even though the Bylaws may
also be amended by the Board of Directors.

                         ARTICLE X. SUBJECT TO ALL LAWS

     The provisions of these Bylaws shall be subject to all valid and applicable
laws,  including without  limitation the Texas Business  Corporation Act and the
Investment Company Act of 1940 (in each case as now or hereafter  amended),  and
in

                                      -9-
<PAGE>

the  event  that  any  of  the  provisions  of  these  Bylaws  are  found  to be
inconsistent or contrary with any such valid laws, the latter shall be deemed to
control and these  Bylaws shall be regarded as modified  accordingly  and, as so
modified to continue in full force and effect.

                           ARTICLE XI. INDEMNIFICATION

     SECTION 1. DEFINITIONS. In this Article:

     (a)  "DISINTERESTED  DIRECTOR" means any director of the Corporation who is
neither  an  'interested  person'  of the  Corporation  (as  defined  in Section
2(a)(19) of the  Investment  Company  Act of 1940) nor named as a  defendant  or
respondent in the Proceeding.

     (b) "INDEMNITEE" means (i) any present or former director or officer of the
Corporation, (ii) any person who while serving in any of the capacities referred
to in clause  (i) hereof  served at the  Corporation's  request  as a  director,
officer, partner,  venturer,  trustee, employee, agent or similar functionary of
another  foreign or domestic  corporation,  partnership,  joint venture,  trust,
employee  benefit plan or other  enterprise,  and (iii) any person  nominated or
designated  by (or pursuant to  authority  granted by) the Board of Directors to
serve in any of the capacities referred to in clauses (i) or (ii) hereof.

     (c) "OFFICIAL CAPACITY" means (i) when used with respect to a director, the
office of  director  of the  Corporation,  and (ii) when used with  respect to a
person  other  than  a  director,  the  elective  or  appointive  office  of the
Corporation  held  by such  person  or the  employment  or  agency  relationship
undertaken  by such person on behalf of the  Corporation,  but in each case does
not include service for any other corporation or any partnership, joint venture,
sole proprietorship, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise.

     (d) "PROCEEDING" means any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or
proceeding,   whether   civil,   criminal,   administrative,    arbitrative   or
investigative, any appeal in such an action, suit or proceeding, and any inquiry
or investigation that could lead to such an action, suit or proceeding.

     SECTION  2.  BASIC  INDEMNITY.   The  Corporation   shall  indemnify  every
Indemnitee  against  all  judgments,  penalties  (including  excise and  similar
taxes),  fines,  amounts paid in settlement,  and reasonable  expenses  actually
incurred by the Indemnitee in connection with any Proceeding in which he was, is
or is threatened to be named defendant or respondent, or in which he was or is a
witness without being named a defendant or respondent,  by reason of his serving
or having served, or having been nominated or designated to serve, in any of the
capacities  referred to in Section l(b) of this Article,  it it is determined in
accordance  with  Section 4 of this Article that the  Indemnitee  (a)  conducted
himself in good faith and  without  willful  misfeasance,  gross  negligence  or
reckless  disregard  of the duties  involved in the  conduct of his office,  (b)
reasonably believed,  in the case of conduct in his Official Capacity,  that his
conduct was in the  Corporation's  best interests and, in all other cases,  that
his conduct was at least not opposed to the  Corporation's  best interests,  and
(c) in the case of any criminal  proceeding,  had no reasonable cause to believe
that his conduct

                                      -10-
<PAGE>

was unlawful; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that in the event an Indemnitee is found liable
to the  Corporation  or is found liable on the basis that  personal  benefit was
improperly  received by the  Indemnitee  the  indemnification  (i) is limited to
reasonable  expenses  actually incurred by the Indemnitee in connection with the
proceeding  and (ii) shall not be made in respect of any proceeding in which the
Indemnitee shall have been found liable for willful or intentional misconduct in
the  performance  of his duty to the  Corporation.  Except  as  provided  in the
immediately  preceding  proviso  to the first  sentence  of this  Section  2, no
indemnification  shall be made under this Section 2 in respect of any  judgment,
penalty,  fine or amount paid in settlement in connection with any Proceeding in
which  such  Indemnitee  shall  have  been (x) found  liable  on the basis  that
personal  benefit was  improperly  received  by him,  whether or not the benefit
resulted  from an action taken in the  Indemnitee's  Official  Capacity,  or (y)
found liable to the Corporation.  The termination of any Proceeding by judgment,
order,  settlement  or  conviction,  or on a  plea  of  nolo  contenders  or its
equivalent,  is not of itself determinative that the Indemnitee did not meet the
requirements  set forth in clauses (a), (b) or (c) in the first sentence of this
Section 2. An Indemnitee shall be deemed to have been found liable in respect of
any claim, issue or matter only after the Indemnitee shall have been so adjudged
by a court of competent  jurisdiction after exhaustion of all appeals therefrom.
Reasonable expenses shall include,  without limitation,  all court costs and all
fees and disbursements of attorneys for the Indemnitee.

     SECTION  3.  ADDITIONAL  INDEMNITY  WHERE  WHOLLY  SUCCESSFUL  DEFENSE.  In
addition to the indemnification provided for in Section 2 above, the Corporation
shall indemnify every Indemnitee  against  reasonable  expenses incurred by such
person in  connection  with any  Proceeding  in which he is a party  because  he
served in any of the capacities referred to in Section l (b) of this Article, if
such person has been wholly successful,  on the merits or otherwise,  in defense
of the Proceeding.

     SECTION  4.  DETERMINATION.  Any  indemnification  under  Section 2 of this
Article (unless ordered by a court of competent  jurisdiction)  shall be made by
the Corporation only upon a determination that indemnification of the Indemnitee
is proper in the  circumstances  because he has met the  applicable  standard of
conduct.  Such  determination  shall be made (a) by the Board of  Directors by a
majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who, at the time of such vote,
are Disinterested  Directors; (b) if such a quorum cannot be obtained, then by a
majority vote of a committee of the Board of Directors,  duly  designated to act
in the  matter  by a  majority  vote  of all  directors  (in  which  designation
directors who are not Disinterested  Directors may participate),  such committee
to consist  solely of two or more  directors  who, at the time of the  committee
vote, are Disinterested  Directors; (c) by special legal counsel selected by the
Board of Directors or a committee thereof by vote as set forth in clauses (a) or
(b) of this Section 4 or, if the requisite  quorum of an of the directors cannot
be obtained  therefor and such committee  cannot be  established,  by a majority
vote  of all of  the  directors  (in  which  selection  directors  who  are  not
Disinterested  Directors may participate);  or (d) by the shareholders in a vote
that  excludes  the  shares  held by  directors  that are  named  defendants  or
respondents in the Proceeding.  A determination as to reasonableness of expenses
shall be made in the same manner as the determination  that  indemnification  is
permissible,   except  that  if  the  determination   that   indemnification  is
permissible  is  made  by  special  legal  counsel,   the  determination  as  to
reasonableness of expenses must be made in the manner

                                      -11-
<PAGE>

specified in clause (c) of the  preceding  sentence for the selection of special
legal counsel.  In the event a  determination  is made under this Section 4 that
the  director or officer has met the  applicable  standard of conduct as to some
matters  but not as to  others,  amounts  to be  indemnified  may be  reasonably
prorated.

     SECTION 5. ADVANCEMENT OF EXPENSES.  Reasonable  expenses  (including court
costs  and  attorneys'  fees)  incurred  by  an  Indemnitee  who  was,  is or is
threatened to be made a named  defendant or respondent in a Proceeding  shall be
paid  by the  Corporation  at  reasonable  intervals  in  advance  of the  final
disposition  of such  Proceeding  after a  determination  is made in the  manner
specified by Section 4 of this Article that the facts then known to those making
the  determination  (without  undertaking  further  investigation  for  purposes
thereof) do not establish  that  indemnification  would be  impermissible  under
Section 2 of this Article,  and upon receipt by the Corporation of (a) a written
affirmation  by such  Indemnitee  of his good faith  belief  that he has met the
standard of conduct necessary for  indemnification by the Corporation under this
Article,  and (b) a written  undertaking  by or on behalf of such  Indemnitee to
repay  the  amount  paid  or  reimbursed  by the  Corporation  unless  it  shall
ultimately  be  determined  that  he  is  entitled  to  be  indemnified  by  the
Corporation as authorized in this Article.  Such written undertaking shall be an
unlimited  obligation  of the  Indemnitee  but need not be secured and it may be
accepted  without  reference  to  financial  ability  to  make  repayment.   The
provisions  of this  Article  shall not be construed to apply to, or restrict in
any way, the payment or reimbursement by the Corporation of expenses incurred by
an  Indemnitee  in  connection  with  his  appearance  as  a  witness  or  other
participation  in a  Proceeding  at a time when he is not named a  defendant  or
respondent in the Proceeding.

     SECTION 6.  EMPLOYEE  BENEFIT  PLANS.  For  purposes of this  Article,  the
Corporation shall be deemed to have requested an Indemnitee to serve an employee
benefit plan whenever the  performance  by him of his duties to the  Corporation
also  imposes  duties on or  otherwise  involves  services by him to the plan or
participants  or  beneficiaries  of  the  plan.  Excise  taxes  assessed  on  an
Indemnitee  with respect to an employee  benefit plan pursuant to applicable law
shall be deemed fines.  Action taken or omitted by an Indemnitee with respect to
an  employee  benefit  plan  in the  performance  of his  duties  for a  purpose
reasonably  believed  by him  to be in the  interest  of  the  participants  and
beneficiaries  of the plan  shall be  deemed  to be for a  purpose  which is not
opposed to the best interests of the Corporation.

     SECTION 7. NON-EXCLUSIVE;  SURVIVAL;  BENEFIT. The indemnification provided
by this Article shall (a) not be deemed exclusive of, or to preclude,  any other
rights to which those seeking  indemnification may at any time be entitled under
the  Corporation's  Articles of  Incorporation,  any law,  agreement  or vote of
shareholders  or  directors,  or  otherwise,  or under any policy or policies of
insurance  purchased  and  maintained  by  the  Corporation  on  behalf  of  any
Indemnitee,  both as to action in his Official  Capacity and as to action in any
other capacity, (b) continue as to a person who has ceased to be in the capacity
by reason of which be was an Indemnitee  with respect to matters  arising during
the  period he  served in such  capacity,  and (c) inure to the  benefit  of the
heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.

     SECTION 8. NOTICE TO  SHAREHOLDERS.  Any  indemnification  of or advance of
expenses to a present or former  director of the  Corporation in accordance with
this

                                      -12-
<PAGE>

Article shall be reported in writing to the shareholders of the Corporation with
or before  the notice or waiver of notice of the next  shareholders'  meeting or
with or before  the next  submission  to  shareholders  of a  consent  to action
without a meeting and, in any case, within the twelve-month  period  immediately
following the date of the indemnification or advance.

     SECTION 9. CONTINUING OFFER, RELIANCE,  ETC. The provisions of this Article
(a) are for the benefit of, and may be enforced by, each  Indemnitee the same as
if set  forth  in  theirentirety  in a  written  instrument  duly  executed  and
delivered by the  Corporation and the Indemnitee and (b) constitute a continuing
offer to all present and future Indemnitees. The Corporation, by its adoption of
these  Bylaws,   (1)  acknowledges  and  agrees  that  each  Indemnitee  of  the
Corporation  has relied upon and will  continue to rely upon the  provisions  of
this Article in accepting  and serving in any of the  capacities  referred to in
Section 1 (b) of this Article,  (ii) waives  reliance  upon,  and all notices of
acceptance of, such  provisions by such  Indemnitees  and (c)  acknowledges  and
agrees that no present or future Indemnitees shall be prejudiced in his right to
enforce the provisions of this Article in accordance with their terms by any act
or failure to act on the part of the Corporation.

     SECTION 10. EFFECT OF AMENDMENT.  No amendment,  modification  or repeal of
this Article or any provision  hereof shall in any manner  terminate,  reduce or
impair the right of any past, present or future Indemnitees to be indemnified by
the  Corporation,  nor the  obligation of the  Corporation to indemnify any such
Indemnitees,  under and in accordance  with the  provisions of the Article as in
effect immediately prior to such amendment,  modification or repeal with respect
to claims  arising from or relating to matters  occurring,  in whole or in part,
prior to such amendment,  modification or repeal, regardless of when such claims
may arise or be asserted.

      SECTION 11. EFFECT UNDER ADVISORY  AGREEMENT.  For the purposes of ss.5 of
the Investment Advisory Agreement dated October 30, 1981 between the Corporation
and  Portfolios,  Inc.,  all payments  made  pursuant to this  Article  shall be
considered "extraordinary charges such as litigation costs."

                                      -13-


                             AMENDMENT TO BYLAWS OF
                           ARMSTRONG ASSOCIATES, INC.

     1.  Section 1 of  Article  II of the  Bylaws of the  Corporation  is hereby
amended to read in its entirety as follows:

          "SECTION  1.  Annual  Meeting.   Unless  the  Board  of  Directors  by
     resolution  directs  otherwise,  the  Corporation  shall not have an annual
     meeting of the  shareholders  for the purpose of electing  Directors in any
     year that the  election of  directors  is not required to be acted on under
     the  Investment  Company  Act of 1940,  as now or  hereafter  amended  (the
     "Investment Company Act"). If the Corporation is required by the Investment
     Company Act to hold an annual meeting of shareholders to elect Directors or
     the Board of Directors otherwise decides to have a meeting of shareholders,
     the meeting shall be designated as the annual meeting of  shareholders  for
     that year and shall be held at the time and place  designated  by the Board
     of Directors or otherwise in the manner set forth in the  resolution of the
     Board of Directors calling the meeting."

     2.  Section 2 of Article V of the  Bylaws is hereby  amended to read in its
entirety as follows:

          "SECTION 2. TIME OF  ELECTION.  The Board of  Directors,  at its first
     meeting after each annual meeting of  shareholders  and at such other times
     that it deems appropriate,  shall choose a president,  a secretary and such
     additional  officers that it deems  appropriate,  none of whom need to be a
     member of the Board."



                          INVESTMENT ADVISORY AGREEMENT

                                     BETWEEN

                           ARMSTRONG ASSOCIATES, INC.

                                       AND

                                PORTFOLIOS, INC.

     THIS INVESTMENT  ADVISORY AGREEMENT is made this 30th day of October,  1981
by and between Armstrong Associates,  Inc., a Texas corporation, and Portfolios,
Inc., a Texas corporation:

                              W 1 T N E S S E T H:

     WHEREAS,  the Fund is engaged in business as an open-end investment company
registered under the Investment Company Act; and

     WHEREAS,  the  Adviser  is  willing  to  provide  investment  advisory  and
administrative  services to the Fund on the terms and conditions hereinafter set
forth:

     NOW,  THEREFORE,  for  and in  consideration  of the  mutual  promises  and
agreements  herein  contained  and other good and  valuable  consideration,  the
receipt and  sufficiency  of which are hereby  acknowledged,  the parties hereto
agree as follows:

     ss. 1.  DEFINITIONS.  The terms  defined in this ss.l whenever used in this
Agreement shall have the respective meanings hereinafter specified.

          "ADVISER" means Portfolios, Inc., a Texas corporation.

          "ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION" means the Articles of Incorporation of the
     Fund, as from time to time amended.

          "AVERAGE  DAILY NET ASSETS"  means the average of the Fund's net asset
     values (determined in accordance with the Articles of Incorporation) at the
     close of business on each day on which the New York Stock  Exchange is open
     for business during the period.

<PAGE>

          "BOARD" means the Board of Directors of the Fund.

          "FUND" means Armstrong Associates, Inc., a Texas corporation.

          "INTERESTED  PERSON" has the meaning set forth in Section 2 (a) of the
     Investment Company Act.

          "INVESTMENT  COMPANY ACT" means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as
     from time to time amended.

          "PRIOR  AGREEMENT"  means  the  Investment  Advisory  Agreement  dated
     October 30, 1979 between the Fund and the Adviser.

          "RESEARCH"  means research,  statistical  and similar  information and
     services.

          "SBH" means Schneider, Bernet & Hickman, Inc., a Texas corporation.

     ss. 2. DUTIES OF THE ADVISER.  The Adviser shall provide the Fund with such
investment  advice and  supervision  as the Fund may consider  necessary for the
proper management of its assets.  The Adviser shall act as investment adviser to
the Fund and, as such, shall determine what securities shall be purchased,  sold
or  exchanged  and  what  portion  of the  assets  of the  Fund  shall  be  held
uninvested.  The Adviser may take,  on behalf of the Fund,  all actions which it
deems necessary in connection with the management of the Fund's investments. The
Adviser may place all orders for the  purchase or sale of  portfolio  securities
for the Fund's  account with brokers or dealers  selected by it,  including SBH,
and is authorized as the agent of the Fund to give instructions to the custodian
of the Fund as to deliveries of securities  and payments of cash for the account
of the Fund.  The rights and duties set forth  above are  subject  always to the
provisions  of the  Articles  of  Incorporation  and to  the  provisions  of the
Investment Company Act.

     ss. 3. ALLOCATION OF CHARGES AND EXPENSES. The Adviser shall furnish to the
Fund,  at the  Adviser's  expense,  office space,  local  telephone  service and
utilities, and shall be responsible for the compensation of directors,  officers
and employees of the Fund who are  Interested  Persons of the Adviser.  The Fund
shall be  responsible  for and  shall  pay all of its own  expenses,  debts  and
liabilities   including,   without  limitation,   all  of  the  following:   the
compensation  of  directors  who  are not  Interested  Persons  of the  Adviser;
governmental fees; interest charges; taxes; membership dues in the

                                      -2-
<PAGE>

Investment Company Institute and the No-Load Mutual Fund Association, Inc.; fees
and  expenses  of its  legal  counsel  and of its  independent  accountants  and
auditors;  all  charges  of  each  transfer  agent,  registrar,   custodian  and
disbursing  agent of the Fund for all  services to the Fund  including,  without
limitation, those relating to safekeeping of funds and securities,  issuance and
redemption of shares of the Fund, solicitation of shareholder votes, shareholder
confirmations   and  statements,   mailings  to  shareholders   and  keeping  of
shareholder accounts and records; expenses of issuing, delivering, re-purchasing
and  redeeming  shares;  expenses  of  preparing,  printing  and  mailing  stock
certificates, prospectuses, shareholders' reports, notices, proxy statements and
reports to governmental  officers and commissions;  brokerage and other expenses
connected  with the  execution of  portfolio  security  transactions;  insurance
premiums;  expenses of solicitation of shareholder  votes; and expenses relating
to the registration and qualification of shares of the Fund under the Securities
Act of 1933,  as amended,  and state  securities  or "blue sky" laws;  PROVIDED,
HOWEVER,  that the  Adviser  will  reimburse  the Fund for such  expenses to the
extent provided in ss. 5 below.

     ss. 4. COMPENSATION OF THE ADVISER. For the services to be rendered and for
the  facilities  to be furnished as provided in ss.ss.  2 and 3 above,  the Fund
shall pay to the  Adviser a cash  fee,  to be  calculated  and paid  monthly  as
hereinafter  provided  in this ss. 4, at the annual  rate of .8% of its  Average
Daily Net Assets for each fiscal year.  Such fee shall be  calculated  as of the
end of each month  during the fiscal year (i) on the basis of such annual  rate,
and (ii)  cumulatively  from the  beginning  of the  current  fiscal year to the
month-end as of which the  calculation  is made,  with credit being given to the
Fund for  previous  fee  payments  for said  year.  Within  ten days  after  the
determination of the amount and, in any event, within twenty-five days after the
end of  each  month,  the  amount  of the fee  due by the  Fund  to the  Adviser
hereunder  shall be settled  between the Fund and the Adviser.  All such monthly
calculations and settlements  shall be subject to final adjustment as of the end
of each fiscal year.  If the Adviser  shall serve for less than the whole of any
period  specified  in this  ss.  4, the  compensation  to the  Adviser  shall be
prorated.

     ss. 5. EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT.  The Adviser agrees to reimburse the Fund for
all  expenses  (including  the  advisory  fee paid  pursuant  to ss. 4 above but
excluding interest,  taxes, brokerage commissions and extraordinary charges such
as  litigation  costs)  incurred by the Fund with  respect to any fiscal year in
excess of the  following  percentages  of its  Average  Daily Net Assets for the
fiscal year:  2% of the first $10 million of Average  Daily Net Assets;  1.5% of
the next $20

                                      -3-
<PAGE>

million of Average Daily Net Assets;  and 1% of the remaining  Average Daily Net
Assets.  Such  reimbursement  shall be  calculated  as of the end of each  month
during  the  fiscal  year  (i) on the  basis  of  such  annual  percentages  and
reasonably  anticipated annual  expenditures  (whether or not such expenses have
been  incurred  in whole or in part at the  date of the  calculation),  and (ii)
cumulatively  from the beginning of the current  fiscal year to the month-end as
of which the  calculation  is made,  with credit  being given to the Adviser for
previous  expense  reimbursements  for said  year.  Within  ten days  after  the
determination  of the amount and in any event within  twenty-five days after the
end of each  month,  the amount of any  reimbursement  due by the Adviser to the
Fund  hereunder,  or of any refund by the Fund to the  Adviser of  reimbursement
previously  made,  shall be settled  between the Fund and the Adviser.  All such
monthly  calculations and settlements shall be subject to final adjustment as of
the end of each fiscal year.

     ss. 6. BROKERAGE.  In discharging its duties pursuant to ss. 2, the Adviser
may give preference,  and may cause the Fund to pay higher negotiated commission
rates,  to brokers  which,  in addition to having the capacity of obtaining  the
best price for the  security  itself  and of  executing  the order  with  speed,
efficiency and confidentiality,  also provide Research to the Adviser.  Research
furnished by brokers through whom the Fund effects  securities  transactions may
be used by the Adviser in servicing all of its  accounts,  and there shall be no
reduction in the  compensation of the Adviser  hereunder as a consequence of its
receipt of such Research.  The Adviser,  however, in the allocation of brokerage
must  determine in good faith that the amount of the commission is reasonable in
relation to the value of the  brokerage  services and  Research  provided by the
broker,  viewed in terms of either the  particular  transaction or the Adviser's
overall  responsibilities  with respect to the accounts as to which it exercises
investment discretion.  Further, any commissions, fees or other remuneration for
brokerage  allocated  to SBH  shall  be  reasonable  and  fair  compared  to the
commissions, fees or other remuneration paid to other brokers in connection with
comparable  transactions  involving  similar  securities being purchased or sold
during a comparable period of time. In the allocation of brokerage for the Fund,
the Adviser shall be subject always to such policies and  requirements  that the
Board may adopt or approve.

     ss. 7.  ACTIVITIES OF THE ADVISER.  The services of the Adviser to the Fund
are not deemed to be  exclusive,  and the Adviser shall be free to engage in any
other business or to render similar services to others.

                                      -4-
<PAGE>

     ss. 8. DURATION AND  TERMINATION OF THIS  AGREEMENT.  This Agreement  shall
become  effective  upon its execution and shall continue in effect for two years
from  the  date  of its  execution,  and  thereafter,  but  only so long as such
continuance  is  specifically  approved at least  annually  (i) by the vote of a
majority of the  directors of the Fund who are not parties to this  Agreement or
Interested Persons of the Fund or the Adviser at a meeting  specifically  called
for the purpose of voting on such  approval,  and (ii) by the Board or by a vote
of a majority of the outstanding  voting  securities of the Fund. This Agreement
may be terminated by the Adviser at any time without penalty on 60 days' written
notice, and may be terminated at any time without penalty by the Board or by the
vote of a majority of the outstanding  voting securities of the Fund on 60 days'
written notice. This Agreement shall automatically terminate in the event of its
transfer or assignment.

     ss.  9.  TERMINATION  OF PRIOR  AGREEMENT.  The Prior  Agreement  is hereby
terminated  effective  at the opening of business  on the date  hereof,  and the
relations  of the  parties  thereafter  shall be  governed  by the terms of this
Agreement.

     ss. 10.  ACCOUNTING  PRINCIPLES.  All  computations  under  this  Agreement
affecting or pertaining to fees,  expenses and expense  reimbursements  shall be
made in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

     ss. 11.  INVESTMENT  COMPANY  ACT.  This  Agreement  is made subject to the
provisions of the Investment Company Act.

     IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Investment Advisory
Agreement to be executed as of the date first above written.

                                        ARMSTRONG ASSOCIATES, INC.

                                        By /s/ Candace L. King
                                           ---------------------------
                                           Vice President


                                        PORTFOLIOS, INC.

                                        By /s/ C.K. Lawson
                                           ---------------------------
                                           President


                                      -5-



                                CUSTODY AGREEMENT

     THIS AGREEMENT is entered into as of September 9, 1994,  between  ARMSTRONG
ASSOCIATES, INC. ("Fund"), a corporation,  having its principal office and place
of  business  at 750  North  St.  Paul,  Dallas,  Texas  75201  and THE  BANK OF
CALIFORNIA,  NATIONAL  ASSOCIATION (the "Bank"), a National Banking  Association
organized  under  the laws of the  United  States  with its  principal  place of
business at 400 California Street, San Francisco, CA 94104.

In  consideration  of the mutual promises set forth below, the Fund and the Bank
agree as follows:

1.   DEFINITIONS.

Whenever used in this Agreement or in any Schedules to this Agreement, the words
and  phrases  set forth  below  shall have the  following  meanings,  unless the
context otherwise requires:

     1.1 "Authorized  Person" shall mean the President,  and any Vice President,
the  Secretary,  the  Assistant  Secretary,  the  Treasurer  and  any  Assistant
Treasurer of the Fund, or any other person,  including  persons  employed by the
investment  manager of the Fund, whether or not any such person is an officer of
the Fund,  duly  authorized by the Board of Trustees of the Fund to give Written
Instructions  on behalf  of the Fund and  listed  in the  certification  annexed
hereto as Appendix A or such other  certification as may be received by the Bank
from time to time.

     1.2 "Book-Entry System" shall mean the Federal Reserve/Treasury  book-entry
system for  United  States and  federal  agency  securities,  its  successor  or
successors and its nominee or nominees.

     1.3  "Depository"  shall  mean The  Depository  Trust  Company  ("DTC"),  a
clearing  agency  registered with the Securities and Exchange  Commission  under
Section 17(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended,  its successor
or  successors  and its  nominee  or  nominees,  in  which  the  Bank is  hereby
specifically  authorized to make deposits.  The term "Depository"  shall further
mean and include any other person to be named in Written Instructions authorized
to act as a depository  under the 1940 Act, its successor or successors  and its
nominee or nominees.

     1.4 "Money Market Security" shall mean any security  generally  referred to
as a  "money  market"  instrument,  and  shall be  deemed  to  include,  without
limitation,  debt obligations  issued or guaranteed as to interest and principal
by the Government of the United States or agencies or instrumentalities thereof,
and  repurchase  and reverse  repurchase  agreements  with respect to any of the
foregoing types of securities,  commercial  paper, bank certificates of deposit,
bankers' acceptances and short-term corporate obligations, where the purchase or
sale of such  securities  normally  requires  settlement in federal funds on the
same day as such purchase or sale.

<PAGE>

     1.5 "Prospectus"  shall mean the Fund's current prospectus and statement of
additional  information  relating to the registration of the Fund's Shares under
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

     1.6 "Security" or "Securities" shall mean any security and other investment
from time to time  owned by any  Portfolio,  and  shall be  deemed  to  include,
without limitation,  bonds,  debentures,  notes,  stocks,  shares,  evidences of
indebtedness,  and other  securities and investments  from time to time owned by
each.Portfolio of the Fund.

     1.7 "Shares" shall mean the shares of beneficial interest of a Portfolio of
the Fund.

     1.8 "Portfolio"  shall mean Portfolios shown on Schedule A, attached hereto
and made a part hereof by this  reference,  and any such other  Portfolio as may
from time to time be created and  designated in accordance  with the Articles of
Incorporation.

     1.9  "Transfer  Agent"  shall mean the person  which  performs the transfer
agent,  dividend disbursing agent and shareholder  servicing agent functions for
the Fund.

     1.10   "Written   Instructions"   shall  mean  a  written   or   electronic
communication  including  facsimile  actually  received  by  the  Bank  from  an
Authorized  Person  or from a person  reasonably  believed  by the Bank to be an
Authorized Person by telex or any other such system whereby the receiver of such
communication  is able to verify  through  codes or otherwise  with a reasonable
degree of certainty the authenticity of the sender of such communication.

     1.11  "Oral  Instructions"  shall  mean an oral or  telephonic  or  similar
communication  actually received by the Bank from an Authorized Person or from a
person  reasonably  believed by the Bank to be an Authorized Person by telephone
or any other such system whereby the receiver of such  communication  is able to
verify with a reasonable  degree of certainty the  authenticity of the sender of
the   communication.   All  Oral  Instruction  shall  be  confirmed  by  Written
Instructions.

     1.12 The "1940 Act" shall mean the Investment  Company Act of 1940, and the
rules and regulations thereunder, all as amended from time to time.

2.   APPOINTMENT OF CUSTODIAN.

     2.1 The Fund hereby  constitutes  and appoints the Bank as custodian of all
the  Securities  and moneys owned by or in the possession of the Fund during the
period of this Agreement.

                                      -2-
<PAGE>

     2.2 The Bank  hereby  accepts  appointment  as  custodian  for the Fund and
agrees to perform the duties  thereof as hereinafter  set forth.  In addition to
the specific duties set forth in this Agreement, the Bank will in general attend
to all routine and  mechanical  matters in connection  with the sale,  exchange,
substitution,  purchase,  transfer, deposit or other dealings with Securities or
other property of the Fund except as may be otherwise provided in this Agreement
or directed from time to time by the Board of Trustees of the Fund.

     2.3 The Bank  agrees to  notify  the Fund  promptly  should  its  aggregate
capital, surplus, and undivided profits fall below prescribed minimums under the
1940 Act or, for any reason,  should it becomes  unqualified to act as Custodian
under the 1940 Act or other law.

3.   COMPENSATION.

     3.1 The Fund will compensate the Bank for its services  rendered under this
Agreement in accordance with the fees set forth in the Fee Schedule  attached as
Schedule B and made a part of this Agreement by this reference.

     3.2 The  parties to this  Agreement  will agree upon the  compensation  for
acting as Custodian for any Portfolio hereafter established and designated,  and
at the time that the Bank  commences  serving as such for said  Portfolio,  such
agreement shall be reflected in a revised Fee Schedule for the Fund, which shall
be attached to Schedule B of this Agreement.

     3.3 Any compensation  agreed to hereunder may be adjusted from time to time
by not less than 90 days advance  written  notice of such fee increase  from the
Bank to Fund.

     3.4 The Bank will bill the Fund as soon as practicable after the end of the
month,  and said billings will be detailed in accordance  with the Fee Schedule.
The Fund will promptly pay to the Bank the amount of such billing.  In the event
such bill is not promptly paid with respect to a Portfolio,  the Bank may charge
against any money specifically  allocated to the Portfolio such compensation and
any expenses  incurred by the Bank in the  performance of its duties pursuant to
this Agreement. The Bank shall also be entitled to charge against any money held
by it and specifically  allocated to a Portfolio the amount of any loss, damage,
liability or expense incurred with respect to such Portfolio,  including counsel
fees,  for which it shall be entitled to  reimbursement  under the provisions of
this Agreement.

     There shall be no  additional  fees or expenses to the Fund incurred by the
Bank's  use of  Sub-Custodians  or  foreign  branches  of the  Bank in  settling
Portfolio Security transactions outside of San Francisco or New York City.

                                      -3-
<PAGE>

4.  CUSTODY OF CASH AND SECURITIES.

     4.1  RECEIPT AND  HOLDING OF ASSETS.  The Fund will  deliver or cause to be
delivered  to the Bank all  Securities  and moneys owned by it,  including  cash
received from the issuances of its Shares, at any time during the period of this
Agreement and shall specify the Portfolio to which the Securities and moneys are
to be specifically allocated. The Bank shall physically segregate and keep apart
on its books the assets of each Portfolio,  including separate identification of
Securities held in the Book-Entry  System.  The Bank will not be responsible for
such  Securities  and  moneys  until  actually  received  by it.  The Fund shall
instruct the Bank from time to time in its sole discretion,  by means of Written
Instructions or Oral Instruction  confirmed by Written  Instructions,  as to the
manner in which and in what amounts  Securities and moneys of a Portfolio are to
be  deposited  on  behalf  of such  Portfolio  in the  Book-Entry  System or the
Depository  and  specifically  allocated  on the  books  of  the  Bank  to  such
Portfolio.  Securities and moneys of the Fund deposited in the Book-Entry System
or the Depository will be represented in accounts which include only assets held
by the Bank for  customers,  including  but not limited to accounts in which the
Bank acts in a fiduciary or representative capacity.

     4.2 ACCOUNTS AND  DISBURSEMENTS.  The Bank shall  establish  and maintain a
separate  account for each Portfolio and shall credit to the separate account of
each  Portfolio all moneys  received by it for the account of such Portfolio and
shall disburse the same only:

          4.2.1 In payment  for  Securities  purchased  for such  Portfolio,  as
provided in Section 5 hereof;

          4.2.2 In payment of  dividends  or  distributions  with respect to the
Shares of such Portfolio;

          4.2.3 In payment of original  issue or other taxes with respect to the
Shares of such Portfolio;

          4.2.4  In  payment  for  Shares  which  have  been  redeemed  by  such
Portfolio;

          4.2.5 Pursuant to Written Instructions, or Oral Instructions confirmed
by Written Instructions  setting forth the name of such Portfolio,  the name and
address of the person to whom the  payment is to be made.  the amount to be paid
and the purpose for which payment is to be made; or

          4.2.6 In  payment of fees and in  reimbursement  of the  expenses  and
liabilities of the Bank attributable to such Portfolio.

                                      -4-
<PAGE>

          4.2.7 The Bank shall upon  receipt  of written  Instructions,  or Oral
Instructions  confirmed  by  Written  Instructions,  establish  and  maintain  a
segregated  account or accounts for and on behalf of each Portfolio of the Fund,
into which account or accounts may be transferred  cash and  Securities,  (i) in
accordance  with the provisions of any agreement  among the Fund, the Bank and a
broker-dealer  registered  under the  Securities  and  Exchange Act of 1934 (the
"1934  Act")  and a  member  of the  NASD (or any  futures  commission  merchant
registered under the Commodities  Exchange Act), relating to compliance with the
rules  of the  Options  Clearing  Corporation  and of  any  registered  national
securities  exchange  (or the  Commodities  Futures  Trading  Commission  or any
registered  contract market),  or of any similar  organization or organizations,
regarding  escrow or other  arrangements in connection with  transactions by the
Fund,  (ii)  for  purposes  of  segregating  cash or  government  securities  in
connection  with  options  purchased,  sold or written by the Fund or  commodity
futures  contracts or options thereon  purchased or sold by the Fund,  (iii) for
the  purposes  of  compliance  by the  fund  with  the  procedures  required  by
Investment  Company Act Release No. 10666, or any subsequent release or releases
of the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  relating  to the  maintenance  of
segregated accounts by registered investment companies and (iv) for other proper
corporate purposes.

     4.3 CONFIRMATIONS AND STATEMENTS. Promptly after the close of business each
day, the Bank shall make available to the Fund  information  with respect to all
transfers  to and from the account of each  Portfolio  during that day. The Bank
need not send written confirmation or a summary of all such transfers to or from
the account of each Portfolio.  Provided,  however that upon the written request
the Fund, the Bank shall provide within 5 business days of such written  request
a copy of any  confirmations  which  include  transactions  of the  Fund.  Where
securities  purchased  by a  Portfolio  are in a  fungible  bulk  of  Securities
registered  in the  name of the  Bank (or its  nominee)  or shown on the  Bank's
account on the books of the Depository or the Book-Entry  System, the Bank shall
by book entry or otherwise  identify the quantity of those securities  belonging
to such  Portfolio.  At least  monthly,  the Bank shall  furnish the Fund with a
detailed  statement of the Securities  and moneys held for each Portfolio  under
this Agreement.

     4.4 REGISTRATION OF SECURITIES AND PHYSICAL SEPARATION.

     All  Securities  held for a Portfolio  which are issued or issuable only in
bearer form, except such Securities as are held in the Book-Entry System,  shall
be held by the Bank in that form; all other  Securities held for a Portfolio may
be registered in the name of any duly appointed  registered  nominee of the Bank
as the Bank may from time to time  determine,  or in the name of the  Book-Entry
System or the Depository or their  successor or successors,  or their nominee or
nominees. When a reference is made in this Agreement to an action to be taken by
the Bank it is understood  by the parties that the action may be taken  directly
or in the case of book-entry securities, through the appropriate depository. The
Fund agrees to furnish to the Bank appropriate instruments to enable the Bank to
hold or deliver in proper form for  transfer,  or to register in the name of its
registered nominee or in the

                                      -5-
<PAGE>

name of the Book-Entry  System or the  Depository,  any Securities  which it may
hold for the account of a Portfolio. The Bank (or its sub-custodians) shall hold
all such Securities  specifically allocated to a Portfolio which are not held in
the Book-Entry System or the Depository in a separate account for such Portfolio
in the name of such Portfolio and physically  segregated at all times from those
of any other person or persons.

     4.5  COLLECTION OF INCOME AND OTHER MATTERS  AFFECTING  SECURITIES.  Unless
otherwise  instructed  to the contrary by Written  Instructions,  the Bank shall
with  respect to all  Securities  held for a Portfolio in  accordance  with this
Agreement:

          4.5.1  Collect  all  income  due or payable  and  credit  such  income
promptly on the contractual  settlement date,  whether or not actually received,
to the account of the  appropriate  Portfolio,  except for income  from  foreign
issues (which shall be collected as soon as reasonably  practicable and shall be
credited  when actually  received).  Income which has not been  collected  after
reasonable  effort,  within a time agreed upon  between  the  parties,  shall be
repaid to the Bank  pending  final  collection  at such date as may be  mutually
agreed upon by the Fund and the Bank.

          4.5.2  Present for payment  and  collect the amount  payable  upon all
Securities  which may mature or be called,  redeemed  or retired,  or  otherwise
become  payable.  The Bank shall make a good faith  effort to inform the Fund of
any call,  redemption  or retirement  date with respect to securities  which are
owned by a Portfolio  and held by the Bank or its nominee.  Notwithstanding  the
foregoing,  the Bank shall have no responsibility to the Fund or a Portfolio for
monitoring or  ascertaining  of any call,  redemption  or  retirement  date with
respect to securities which are owned by a Portfolio and held by the Bank or its
nominee.  Nor shall the Bank have any responsibility or liability to the Fund or
to a  Portfolio  for any loss by a  Portfolio  for any  missed  payment or other
default  resulting  therefrom  with  respect  to any  put  security  owned  by a
Portfolio and held by the Bank or its nominee  unless the Bank  received  timely
general  notification,  which shall not be less than 5 business  days,  from the
Fund or the Portfolio  specifying the time, place and manner for the presentment
of any such put  security.  The Bank  shall not be  responsible  and  assumes no
liability  to the Fund or a Portfolio  for the accuracy or  completeness  of any
notification  the Bank shall provide to the Fund or a Portfolio  with respect to
put securities;

          4.5.3 Execute any necessary  declarations or certificates of ownership
under the Federal income tax laws or the laws or regulations of any other taxing
authority now or hereafter in effect; and

          4.5.4  Hold for the  account  of each  Portfolio  all rights and other
Securities  issued with respect to any Securities held by the Bank hereunder for
such Portfolio.

                                      -6-
<PAGE>

     4.6  DELIVERY OF  SECURITIES  AND  EVIDENCE OF  AUTHORITY.  Upon receipt of
Written  Instructions,  or Oral Instructions  confirmed by Written instructions,
the Bank shall:

          4.6.1  Execute and deliver or cause to be executed and  delivered,  to
such  persons  as may be  designated  in  such  Written  Instructions,  proxies,
consents, authorizations, and any other instruments whereby the authority of the
Fund as owner of any Securities may be exercised;

          4.6.2  Deliver  or cause to be  delivered  any  Securities  held for a
Portfolio in exchange for other  Securities or cash issued or paid in connection
with the  liquidation,  reorganization,  refinancing,  merger,  consolidation or
recapitalization  of  any  corporation,   or  the  exercise  of  any  conversion
privilege;

          4.6.3  Deliver  or cause to be  delivered  any  Securities  held for a
Portfolio to any protective committee,  reorganization committee or other person
in connection with the  reorganization,  refinancing,  merger,  consolidation or
recapitalization  or sale of assets of any  corporation,  and  receive  and hold
under the terms of this Agreement such certificates of deposit, interim receipts
or other  instruments  or  documents  as may be  issued to it to  evidence  such
delivery;

          4.6.4 Make or cause to be made such  transfers  or exchanges of assets
and take such  steps as shall be stated in said  Written  Instructions,  or Oral
Instructions  confirmed  by  Written  Instructions,  to be for  the  purpose  of
effectuating  any duly authorized plan of liquidation,  reorganization,  merger,
consolidation or recapitalization of the Fund or a Portfolio;

          4.6.5  Deliver  Securities  owned by any  Portfolio  upon sale of such
Securities for the account of such Portfolio pursuant to Section 5;

          4.6.6 Deliver  Securities  owned by any Portfolio  upon the receipt of
payment in connection with any repurchase  agreement  related to such Securities
entered into by such Portfolio;

          4.6.7 Deliver  Securities owned by any Portfolio to the issuer thereof
or its agent when such  Securities  are called,  redeemed,  retired or otherwise
become  payable;  provided,  however,  that in any  such  case the cash or other
consideration is be delivered to the Bank;

          4.6.8  Deliver  Securities  owned by any  Portfolio  upon  receipt  of
instructions  from such  Portfolio for delivery to the Transfer  Agent or to the
holders of Shares of such Portfolio in connection with distributions in kind, as
may be described from time to time in the Fund's Prospectus,  in satisfaction of
requests by holders of Shares for repurchase or redemption; and

                                      -7-
<PAGE>

          4.6.9 Deliver  Securities  owned by any Portfolio for any other proper
business purpose, but only upon receipt of, in addition to Written Instructions,
a  certified  copy  of a  resolution  of the  Board  of  Trustees  signed  by an
Authorized  Person and certified by the Secretary or Assistant  Secretary of the
Fund,  specifying the Securities to be delivered,  setting forth the purpose for
which  such  delivery  is to be  made,  declaring  such  purpose  to be a proper
business  purpose,  and naming the  person or persons to whom  delivery  of such
Securities shall be made.

     4.7  ENDORSEMENT  AND  COLLECTION  OF  CHECKS.  ETC.  The  Bank  is  hereby
authorized  to endorse and collect  all checks,  drafts or other  orders for the
payment of money received by the Bank for the account of a Portfolio.

5.   PURCHASE AND SALE OF INVESTMENTS OF THE PORTFOLIO.

     5.1 Promptly  after each purchase of Securities  for a Portfolio,  the Fund
shall deliver to the Bank Written Instructions or Oral Instructions confirmed by
Written Instructions,  specifying with respect to each purchase: (1) the name of
the Portfolio to which such Securities are to be specifically allocated; (2) the
name of the issuer and the title of the Securities;  (3) the number of shares or
the principal  amount  purchased and accrued  interest,  if any; (4) the date of
purchase and  settlement;  (5) the purchase price per unit; (6) the total amount
payable upon such  purchase;  (7) the name of the person from whom or the broker
through whom the purchase was made,  if any; (8) whether or not such purchase is
to be settled through the Book-Entry  System or the Depository;  and (9) whether
the  Securities  purchased are to be deposited in the  Book-Entry  System or the
Depository.  The  Bank  shall  receive  all  Securities  purchased  by or  for a
Portfolio and upon receipt of such  Securities  shall pay out of the moneys held
for the account of such  Portfolio the total amount  payable upon such purchase,
provided that the same conforms to the total amount payable as set forth in such
Written Instructions, or Oral Instructions confirmed by Written Instructions.

     5.2 Promptly  after each sale of Securities of a Portfolio,  the Fund shall
deliver to the Bank  Written  Instructions,  or Oral  Instructions  confirmed by
Written Instructions,  specifying with respect to such sale: (1) the name of the
Portfolio to which the Securities sold were specifically allocated; (2) the name
of the  issuer  and the  title of the  Securities;  (3) the  number of shares or
principal amount sold, and accrued  interest,  if any; (4) the date of sale; (5)
the sale price per unit; (6) the total amount payable to the Portfolio upon such
sale; (7) the name of the broker through whom or the person to whom the sale was
made;  and (8) whether or not such sale is to be settled  through the Book-Entry
System or the  Depository.  The Bank shall  deliver or cause to be delivered the
Securities to the broker or other person  designated by the Fund upon receipt of
the total amount  payable to such  Portfolio  upon such sale,  provided that the
same conforms to the total amount payable to such Portfolio as set forth in such
written  Instructions,  or Oral Instructions  confirmed by Written Instructions.
Subject to the foregoing, the

                                      -8-
<PAGE>

Bank may  accept  payment in such form as shall be  satisfactory  to it, and may
deliver  Securities  and  arrange  for  payment in  accordance  with the customs
prevailing among dealers in Securities.

6.   PAYMENT OF DIVIDENDS OR DISTRIBUTIONS.

     6.1 The Fund  shall  furnish  to the Bank the  resolution  of the  Board of
Directors of the Fund  certified by the  Secretary  or Assistant  Secretary  (i)
authorizing  the  declaration  of  dividends or  distribution  with respect to a
Portfolio  on a specified  periodic  basis and  authorizing  the Bank to rely on
Written Instructions  specifying the date of the declaration of each dividend or
distribution,  the  date  of  payment  thereof,  the  record  date  as of  which
shareholders  entitled to payment shall be  determined,  the amount  payable per
share to the  shareholders  of record as of the record date and the total amount
payable  per share to the  shareholders  of record as of the record date and the
total amount payable to be transferred  to an appropriate  deposit  account that
the transfer agent may write checks against on the payment date, or (ii) setting
forth the date of  declaration of any dividend or  distribution  by a Portfolio,
the date of payment thereof,  the record date as of which shareholders  entitled
to payment shall be determined, the amount payable per share to the shareholders
of record as of the record date and the total amount payable to the  appropriate
deposit account on the payment date.

     6.2  Upon  the  payment  date  specified  in  such  resolution  or  Written
Instructions  the Bank shall pay out the moneys  specifically  allocated  to and
held for the account of the  appropriate  Portfolio the total amount  payable to
the appropriate deposit account.

7.   SALE AND REDEMPTION OF SHARES OF A PORTFOLIO.

     7.1 Whenever  the Fund shall sell or redeem any Shares of a Portfolio,  the
Fund shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Bank Written Instructions, or
Oral Instructions confirmed by Written Instructions, duly specifying:

          7.1.1 The name of the Portfolio whose Shares were sold or redeemed;

          7.1.2 The number of Shares sold or  redeemed,  trade date,  and price;
and

          7.1.3 The amount of money to be  received  or paid by the Bank for the
sale or redemption of such Shares.

     7.2 Upon  receipt  of such money from the  Transfer  Agent,  the Bank shall
credit such money to the separate account of the Portfolio.

     7.3 Upon  issuance  of any Shares of a  Portfolio  in  accordance  with the
foregoing provisions of this Section 7, the Bank shall pay, out of the moneys

                                      -9-
<PAGE>

specifically allocated and held for the account of such Portfolio,  all original
issue or other taxes  required to be paid in connection  with such issuance upon
the receipt of Written Instructions,  or Oral instructions  confirmed by Written
Instructions, specifying the amount to be paid.

     7.4 Upon receipt from the Transfer Agent of advice setting forth the number
of Shares of a Portfolio  received by the Transfer Agent for redemption and that
such Shares are valid and in good form for  redemption,  the Bank shall transfer
to the appropriate deposit account out of the moneys  specifically  allocated to
and held for the account of the Portfolio.

8.   INDEBTEDNESS.

     8.1 The Fund will cause to be delivered to the Bank, by any bank (excluding
the Bank) from which the Fund  borrows  money for  temporary  administrative  or
emergency purposes using Securities as collateral for such borrowings,  a notice
or  undertaking  in the form  currently  employed by such bank setting forth the
amount which such bank will loan to the Fund against delivery of a stated amount
of collateral. The Fund shall promptly deliver to the Bank Written Instructions,
or Oral instructions confirmed by Written Instructions,  stating with respect to
each such borrowing: (1) the name of the Portfolio for which the borrowing is to
be made;  (2) the name of the bank;  (3) the amount and terms of the  borrowing,
which may be set forth by  incorporating  by  reference  an attached  promissory
note, duly endorsed by the Fund, or other loan agreement; (4) the time and date,
if known,  on which the loan is to be entered into (the "borrowing  date");  (5)
the date on which the loan becomes due and payable; (6) the total amount payable
to the Fund for the separate account of the Portfolio on the borrowing date; (7)
the market value of  Securities  to be delivered  as  collateral  for such loan,
including  the name of the  issuer,  the title  and the  number of shares or the
principal  amount  of any  particular  Securities;  (8)  whether  the Bank is to
deliver such collateral through the Book-Entry System or the Depository; and (9)
a statement  that such loan is in  conformance  with the 1940 Act and the Fund's
Prospectus.

     8.2  Upon  receipt  of  the  Written  Instructions,  or  Oral  Instructions
confirmed by Written Instructions,  referred to above, the Bank shall deliver on
the borrowing date the specified collateral and the executed promissory note, if
any,  against  delivery  by the  lending  bank of the  total  amount of the loan
payable,  provided  that the same  conforms to the total  amount  payable as set
forth in the Written  Instructions,  or Oral  Instructions  confirmed by Written
Instructions.  The  Bank  may at  the  option  of the  lending  bank  keep  such
collateral in its possession, but such collateral shall be subject to all rights
therein  given  the  lending  bank  by  virtue  of any  promissory  note or loan
agreement.  The Bank  shall  deliver  as  additional  collateral  in the  manner
directed by the Fund from time to time such Securities specifically allocated to
such Portfolio as may be specified in Written Instructions, or Oral Instructions
confirmed by Written  Instructions,  to  collateralize  further any  transaction
described in this Section 8. The Fund shall cause all  Securities  released from
collateral  status  to be  returned  directly  to the Bank,  and the Bank  shall
receive from time to time such return of collateral as may be

                                      -10-
<PAGE>

tendered  to it.  In the  event  that  the  Fund  fails to  specify  in  written
Instructions, or Oral Instructions confirmed by Written Instructions, all of the
information  required  by this  Section  8, the  Bank  shall  not be  under  any
obligation to deliver any Securities.  Collateral  returned to the Bank shall be
held hereunder as it was prior to being used as collateral.

9.   PERSONS HAVING ACCESS TO ASSETS OF THE FUND.

     9.1 No Trustee,  officer,  employee  or agent of the Fund,  and no officer,
director,  employee  or agent  of the  Fund's  investment  advisor,  shall  have
physical access to the assets of any Portfolio held by the Bank or be authorized
or permitted to withdraw any  investments of any  Portfolio,  nor shall the Bank
deliver any assets of any  Portfolio to any such person.  No officer,  director,
employee  or agent of the Bank who holds any similar  position  with the Fund or
the Fund's investment advisor shall have access to the assets of the Fund.

     9.2 The individual  employees of the Bank initially duly  authorized by the
Board of  Directors  of the Bank to have  access  to the  assets of the Fund are
listed on Schedule C which is attached and made a part of this Agreement by this
reference.  The Bank  shall  advise  the Fund of any  change in the  individuals
authorized  to have  access to the assets of the Fund by  written  notice to the
Fund.

     9.3 Nothing in this Section 9 shall prohibit any officer, employee or agent
of the  Fund,  or  any  officer,  director,  employee  or  agent  of the  Fund's
investment  advisor,  from giving  Written  Instructions,  or Oral  Instructions
confirmed by Written Instructions,  to the Bank so long as it does not result in
delivery of or access to assets of any Portfolio prohibited by this Section 9.

10.  CONCERNING THE BANK.

     10.1 STANDARD OF CONDUCT,  The Bank shall not be responsible for the title,
validity or genuineness of any property or evidence of title thereto received by
it or delivered by it pursuant to this Agreement and  reasonably  believed by it
to be valid or  genuine  and  shall  be held  harmless  in  acting  upon  proper
instructions,  resolutions,  any notice, request, consent,  certificate or other
instrument  reasonably  believed  by it to be  genuine  and to be  signed by the
proper party or parties and shall be entitled to receive as conclusive  proof of
any fact or matter  required to be  ascertained  by it  hereunder a  certificate
signed by the President,  a Vice President,  the Treasurer,  the Secretary or an
Assistant Secretary of the Fund. The Bank may receive and accept a resolution as
conclusive evidence (a) of the authority of any person to act in accordance with
such  resolution  or (b) of any  determination  or of any action by the Board of
Trustees  pursuant to the Declaration of Trust as described in such  resolution,
and such  resolution may be considered as in full force and effect until receipt
by the Bank of written  notice from the  Secretary or an Assistant  Secretary of
the Fund to the contrary.

                                      -11-
<PAGE>

     The Bank shall be  entitled  to rely on and may act upon  advice of counsel
(who may be counsel for the Fund) on all matters, and shall be without liability
for any action  reasonably taken or omitted  pursuant to such advice.  Provided,
however,  that if such reliance involves a potential  material loss to the Fund,
the Bank shall  advise the Fund in advance and in writing of any such actions to
be taken in accordance with such advice of counsel to the Bank.

     The Bank shall be held to the exercise of  reasonable  care in carrying out
the  provisions of this Agreement but shall be liable only for its own negligent
or bad faith acts or willful  misconduct or willful  failures to act by the Bank
and its agents or employees. The Bank shall have no responsibility for reviewing
or  questioning  the acts or  records  of any prior  custodian.  The Fund  shall
indemnify   the  Bank  and  hold  it  harmless  from  and  against  all  losses,
liabilities, demands, claims, actions, expenses, attorneys' fees, and taxes with
respect to each Portfolio which the Bank may suffer or incur on account of being
Custodian hereunder except to the extent that such losses, liabilities, demands,
claims,  actions,  expenses,  attorneys  fees or taxes arise from the Bank's own
negligence or bad faith or willful misconduct or willful failure to act.

     If the Fund requires the Bank to take any action with respect to Securities
of a Portfolio,  which action involves the payment of money or which action may,
in the opinion of the Bank,  result in the Bank or its nominee  assigned to such
Portfolio  being liable for the payment of money or incurring  liability of some
other form,  the Fund,  as a  prerequisite  to  requiring  the Bank to take such
action,  shall,  prior to the Bank  taking such  action,  provide  indemnity  in
writing to the Bank in an amount and form satisfactory to it.

     The Bank  shall  not be  liable  for any  loss of data or any  delay in its
performance  under this  Agreement  to the  extent  such loss or delay is due to
causes  beyond  its  control,  including  but  not  limited  to:  acts  of  God,
interruption in, loss of or malfunction in power,  significant computer hardware
or systems software or telephone communication service; act of civil or military
authority,  sabotage; war or civil commotion; fire; explosion; or strike (except
that  the Bank  shall  at all time be  required  to  maintain  minimum  critical
activities).  The Bank shall use its best  efforts to minimize  any such loss or
delay by all  practical  steps and to replace any lost data  promptly.  The Bank
agrees not to  discriminate  against the Fund in favor of any other  customer of
the Bank in  making  computer  time and its  personnel  available  to input  and
process transactions hereunder when such a loss of data or delay occurs.

     10.2 LIMIT OF DUTIES. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the
Bank  shall be under no duty or  obligation  to inquire  into,  and shall not be
liable for:

          10-2.1 The  validity of the issue of any  Securities  purchased by any
Portfolio,  the  legality of the purchase  thereof,  the  permissibility  of the
purchase thereof under the Fund's governing  documents,  or the propriety of the
amount paid therefor;

                                      -12-
<PAGE>

          10.2.2 The legality of the sale of any  Securities  by any  Portfolio,
the  permissibility  of such sale under the Fund's governing  documents,  or the
propriety of the amount for which the same are sold;

          10.2.3  The  legality  of the  issue or the sale of any  Shares of any
Portfolio, or the sufficiency of the amount to be received therefor;

          10.2.4 The legality of the  redemption of any Shares of any Portfolio,
or the propriety of the amount to be paid therefor;

          10.2.5 The legality of the  declaration  or payment of any dividend or
other distribution of any Portfolio;

          10.2.6 The  legality  of any  borrowing  for  temporary  or  emergency
administrative purposes.

     10.3 NO  LIABILITY  UNTIL  RECEIPT.  The Bank shall not be liable  for,  or
considered to be the custodian of, any money,  whether or not represented by any
check,  draft, or other  instrument for the payment of money,  received by it on
behalf of any Portfolio until the Bank actually receives and collects such money
directly  or by the final  crediting  of the  account  representing  the  Fund's
interest in the Book-Entry System or the Depository.

     10.4 COLLECTION WHERE PAYMENT REFUSED. The Bank shall not be under any duty
or  obligation  to take  action  to  effect  collection  of any  amount,  if the
Securities  upon which such amount is payable  are in default,  or if payment is
refused  after due  demand  or  presentation,  unless  and until (a) it shall be
directed  to take such  action by  Written  Instructions,  or Oral  Instructions
confirmed  by  Written  Instructions,  and  (b)  it  shall  be  assured  to  its
satisfaction of  reimbursement  of its costs and expenses in connection with any
such action.

     10.5 APPOINTMENT OF AGENTS AND SUB-CUSTODIANS.  The Bank may appoint one or
more banking  institutions,  including  but not limited to banking  institutions
located  in  foreign  countries,  to act as  depository  or  depositories  or as
sub-custodian or as sub-custodians of Securities and moneys at any time owned by
any Portfolio,  upon terms and conditions specified in Written Instructions,  or
Oral  Instructions  confirmed by Written  Instructions.  As such  depository  or
sub-custodian  shall be  approved  in  advance by the Board of  Trustees  of the
Trust. The Custodians  shall remain primarily  responsible for the Securities of
the Fund held by any one  depository or  sub-custodian  in the same manner as if
held directly by the Custodian.

     10.6 NO DUTY TO ASCERTAIN:  AUTHORITY. The Bank shall not be under any duty
or obligation to ascertain  whether any  Securities at any time  delivered to or
held by it for the Fund and  specifically  allocated to a Portfolio  are such as
may  properly  be held  by the  Portfolio  and  specifically  allocated  to such
Portfolio under the provisions of the Articles of  Incorporation  and the Fund's
Prospectus.

                                      -13-
<PAGE>

     10.7 RELIANCE ON CERTIFICATES AND INSTRUCTIONS.  The Bank shall be entitled
to rely upon any Written Instructions or Oral Instructions  actually received by
the Bank pursuant to the  applicable  Sections of this  Agreement and reasonably
believed by the Bank to be genuine and to be given by an Authorized  Person. The
Fund  agrees to  forward to the Bank  Written  Instructions  from an  Authorized
Person  confirming  such Oral  Instructions  in such manner so that such Written
Instructions  are  received by the Bank,  whether by hand  delivery,  telex,  or
otherwise,  by the close of business on the same day that such Oral Instructions
are  given to the Bank.  The Fund  agrees  that the fact  that  such  confirming
instructions  are not  received by the Bank shall in no way affect the  validity
for the transactions or enforceability of the transactions  hereby authorized by
the Fund.  The Fund agrees that the Bank shall incur no liability to the Fund in
acting  upon  Oral  Instructions  given to the Bank  hereunder  concerning  such
transactions provided such instructions  reasonably appear to have been received
from a duly Authorized Person.

     10.8 MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION OF BOOKS AND RECORDS.

The Bank will  create,  maintain,  preserve for the  specified  periods and make
available upon request,  all records  relating to its activities and obligations
under this  Agreement in such a manner as will meet the  obligations of the Fund
under the Investment  Company Act of 1940,  including  records  required by Rule
3la-I of the General  Rules and  Regulations  under the 1940 Act and under other
applicable federal and state tax laws and any other law or administrative  rules
or procedures which may be applicable to the Fund. All such records shall be the
property of the Fund. The books and records of the Bank regarding the Fund shall
be open to  inspection  and audit at  reasonable  times by officers and auditors
employed by the Fund and by employees of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The Bank shall provide the Fund,  upon request,  with any report obtained by the
Bank on the system of internal  accounting  control of the Book-Entry  System or
the Depository  and with such reports on its own systems of internal  accounting
control   (including   reports  by  the  Bank's   independent   accountants  for
distribution  generally  to  customers  of the Bank) as the Fund may  reasonably
request from time to time.

     10.9  Neither  the Bank nor any  nominee  of the Bank shall vote any of the
securities  held  hereunder  by or for  the  account  of  the  Fund,  except  in
accordance with Written Instructions,  or Oral Instructions confirmed by Written
Instructions,  from the Fund.  The Bank shall promptly  deliver,  or cause to be
executed and delivered,  to the Fund all notices,  proxies and proxy  soliciting
materials with relation to such Securities (if registered  otherwise than in the
name of the Fund),  but without  indicating the manner in which such proxies are
to be  voted.  The Bank  shall  also  promptly  deliver  to the  Fund all  other
communications  it may  receive  with  respect  to  the  Securities  held  by it
hereunder.

     The Bank shall also transmit  promptly to the Fund all written  information
(including,  without limitation,  pendency of calls and maturities of securities
and  expirations  of rights in  connection  therewith and notices of exercise of
call and put options written by the Fund and the maturity of futures contracts

                                      -14-
<PAGE>

purchased  or sold  by the  Fund)  received  by the  Bank  from  issuers  of the
securities  being  held  for the  Fund.  With  respect  to  capital  changes  or
reorganizations the Bank shall transmit promptly to the Fund or its advisors all
information  received  from issuers or their agents which  requires an action by
the Fund or its advisor.  If the Fund desires to take action with respect to any
tender offer, exchange offer or any other similar  transactions,  the Fund shall
notify the Bank at least three business days prior to the date on which the Bank
is to take such action.

11.  TERM AND TERMINATION.

     11.1 This  Agreement  shall  become  effective  on the date first set forth
above (the  "Effective  Date") and shall  continue in effect  thereafter  as the
parties may mutually agree.

     11.2 Either of the parties hereto may terminate this Agreement with respect
to any Portfolio by giving to the other party a notice in writing specifying the
date of such termination, which shall be not less than 90 days after the date of
receipt of such notice.  In the event such notice is given by the Fund, it shall
designate a successor custodian or custodians, which shall be a person qualified
to so act under the 1940 Act. In the event such notice is given by the Bank, the
Fund shall,  on or before the  termination  date,  deliver to the Bank,  Written
Instructions,   or  Oral   Instructions   confirmed  by  Written   Instructions,
designating  a  successor  Custodian  or  Custodians.  In the  absence  of  such
designation  by the Fund,  the Bank may designate a successor  Custodian,  which
shall be a person  qualified  to so act under the 1940 Act. If the Fund fails to
designate a successor Custodian for any Portfolio,  the Fund shall upon the date
specified in the notice of  termination  of this Agreement and upon the delivery
by the Bank of all  Securities  (other than  Securities  held in the  Book-Entry
System  which  cannot be  delivered  to the Fund) and moneys  then owned by such
Portfolio,  be deemed to be its own  Custodian  and the Bank  shall  thereby  be
relieved of all duties and  responsibilities  pursuant to this Agreement,  other
than the duty with respect to  Securities  held in the  Book-Entry  System which
cannot be delivered to the Fund.

     11.3  Upon the date set  forth in such  notice  under  Section  11.2,  this
Agreement shall terminate to the extent  specified in such notice,  and the Bank
shall upon receipt of a notice of acceptance by the successor  Custodian on that
date deliver directly to the successor  Custodian all Securities and moneys then
held by the Bank and specifically  allocated to the Portfolio  specified,  after
deducting all fees,  expenses and other amounts for the payment or reimbursement
of which it shall then be entitled with respect to such Portfolio.

12.  ADDITIONAL SERVICES BY BANK.

     12.1 If allowed by the Prospectus, the Fund's investment adviser may direct
that the assets of any  Portfolio  be  invested  in  deposits in the Bank or its
affiliates bearing a reasonable rate of interest.

                                      -15-
<PAGE>

     12.2 Any Authorized Person may direct the Bank to utilize other services or
facilities  provided by BanCal Tri-State Corp.  ("BanCal"),  its subsidiaries or
affiliates  including the Bank. Such services shall include,  but not be limited
to (1) the placing of orders for the  purchase,  sale  exchange,  investment  or
reinvestment of securities  through any brokerage  service  conducted by, or (2)
the purchase of units of any investment  company managed or advised by the Bank,
BanCal, or their  subsidiaries or affiliates and/or for which the Bank,  BanCal,
or their  subsidiaries  or  affiliates  act as custodian  or provide  investment
advice or other services for a fee, including,  without limitation, the HighMark
Group of Funds.  The Fund  hereby  acknowledges  that the Bank,  BanCal or their
subsidiaries  or  affiliates  will receive fees for such services in addition to
the fees  payable  under  this  Agreement.  Fee  Schedules  for such  additional
directed  services shall be delivered to the Authorized  Person before provision
of such services.

13.  MISCELLANEOUS.

     13.1 Annexed hereto as Schedule C is a  certification  signed by two of the
present  officers of the Fund setting forth the names and the  signatures of the
present  Authorized  Persons.  The  Fund  agrees  to  furnish  to the Bank a new
certification  in  similar  form in the event that any such  present  Authorized
Person  ceases to be such an  Authorized  Person or in the event  that  other or
additional  Authorized  Persons  are  elected  or  appointed.   Until  such  new
certification  shall be  received,  the Bank shall be fully  protected in acting
under the provisions of this Agreement upon signatures of the present Authorized
Persons as set forth in the last delivered certification.

     13.2 Annexed hereto as Appendix B is a  certification  signed by two of the
present  officers of the Fund setting forth the names and the  signatures of the
present  officers  of the Fund.  The Fund  agrees to  furnish  to the Bank a new
certification in similar form in the event any such present officer ceases to be
an officer of the Fund or in the event that  other or  additional  officers  are
elected or appointed.  Until such new certification shall be received,  the Bank
shall be fully  protected in acting under the  provisions of this Agreement upon
the signature of the officers as set forth in the last delivered certification.

     13.3 Any notice or other  instrument in writing,  authorized or required by
this Agreement to be given to the Bank, shall be sufficiently given if addressed
to the Bank and mailed or delivered to it at its offices at:

                        The Bank of California, N.A.
                        Mutual Fund Services Dept., Fund Group
                        475 Sansome Street, 15th Floor
                        San Francisco, California  94111

or such other place as the Bank may from time to time designate in writing.

                                      -16-
<PAGE>

     13.4 Any notice or other  instrument in writing,  authorized or required by
this Agreement to be given to the Fund, shall be sufficiently given if addressed
to the Fund and mailed or delivered to it at its offices at:

                        Armstrong Associates, Inc.
                        750 North St. Paul, LB 13, Suite 1300
                        Dallas, Texas 75201

or at such other place as the Fund may from time to time designate in writing.

     13.5 This  Agreement may not be amended or modified in any manner except by
a written  agreement  executed by both parties  with the same  formality as this
Agreement, and as may be permitted or required by the 1940 Act.

     13.6 This  Agreement  shall extend to and shall be binding upon the parties
hereto, and their respective  successors and assigns;  provided,  however,  that
this Agreement  shall not be assignable by the Fund without the written  consent
of the Bank, or by the Bank without the written  consent of the Fund  authorized
or approved  by a  resolution  of the Board of  Directors  of the Fund,  and any
attempted assignment without such written consent shall be null and void.

     13.7 This Agreement  shall be construed in accordance  with the laws of the
State of California (with regard to principles of conflicts of law).

     13.8 It is expressly  agreed to that the  obligations of the Fund hereunder
shall  not  be  binding  upon  any  of the  Directors,  shareholders,  nominees,
officers,  agents,  or  employees  of the  Fund,  personally,  but bind only the
property of the Fund, as provided in the Articles of  Incorporation of the Fund.
The  execution  and  delivery  of this  Agreement  have been  authorized  by the
Directors of the Fund and signed by an authorized officer of the Fund, acting as
such,  and neither such  authorization  by such Directors nor such execution and
delivery  by such  officer  shall be  deemed  to have  been  made by any of them
individually  or to impose any  liability on any of them  personally,  but shall
bind  only  the  Fund  property  of the  Fund as  provided  in its  Articles  of
Incorporation.

     13.9  The  captions  of the  Agreement  are  included  for  convenience  of
reference only and in no way define or delimit any of the  provisions  hereof or
otherwise affect their construction or effect.

     13.10 This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of
which shall be deemed to be an original,  but such counterparts shall, together,
constitute only one instrument.

     13.11 The Bank  represents  and  warrants to the Fund that it is a national
banking  association  duly organized and existing and in good standing under the
laws of the United States;  it is duly qualified to carry on its business in the
State of California; it is empowered under applicable laws and by its

                                      -17-
<PAGE>

charter and  by-laws to enter into and perform  this  Agreement;  all  requisite
corporate  proceedings have been taken to authorize it to enter into and perform
this Agreement; all requisite corporate proceedings have been taken to authorize
it to enter into and perform this Agreement; and it is duly authorized to act as
a custodian under the 1940 Act.

The Fund  represents  and  warrants  to the Bank that it is a  corporation  duly
organized  and  existing  and in good  standing  under  the laws of the State of
Texas;  it  is  empowered   under   applicable  laws  and  by  its  Articles  of
Incorporation to enter into and perform this Agreement; all proceedings required
by said Articles of Incorporation  have been taken to authorize it to enter into
and  perform  this  Agreement;  and it is an  open-end,  diversified  investment
company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940.

14.  ARBITRATION.

     Any  controversy  or claim arising out of or relating to this  Agreement or
any related  agreements or instruments,  including any claim based on or arising
from any alleged  tort,  will be determined by  arbitration  in accordance  with
either the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration  Association
or the Rules of Judicial Arbitration and Mediation Service,  Inc. (at the option
of the party initiating the arbitration) and the Federal Arbitration Act Title 9
of the U.S. Code. The parties agree that related arbitration  proceedings may be
consolidated  and the arbitrator  shall prepare  written  reasons for the award.
Judgment  upon  the  award  rendered  may  be  entered  into  any  court  having
jurisdiction.

     IN WITNESS  WHEREOF,  the parties  hereto have caused this  Agreement to be
executed by their respective  officers  thereunder duly authorized as of the day
and year first above written.

                                        ARMSTRONG ASSOCIATES, INC.

                                        By: /s/ C.K. Lawson
                                            -----------------------------
                                        Title: President
                                               --------------------------
                                        Date: 9/9/94
                                              ---------------------------

                                        THE BANK OF CALIFORNIA, N.A.

                                        By: /s/ Mary Fowler
                                            -----------------------------
                                            Mary Fowler
                                        Title:  Vice President

                                        Date: 9/9/94
                                              ---------------------------

                                      -18-
<PAGE>

                               Schedule A - Funds

                           ARMSTRONG ASSOCIATES, INC.


                                        ARMSTRONG ASSOCIATES, INC.

                                        By: /s/ C.K. Lawson
                                            -----------------------------
                                        Title: President
                                               --------------------------
                                        Date: 9/9/94
                                              ---------------------------

                                        THE BANK OF CALIFORNIA, N.A.

                                        By: /s/ Mary Fowler
                                            -----------------------------
                                            Mary Fowler
                                        Title:  Vice President

                                        Date: 9/9/94
                                              ---------------------------


                                      -19-
<PAGE>

                                    Shedule B

                                  MUTUAL FUNDS

ANNUAL ADMINISTRATION
      First $50 Million                         4 Basis Points
      Next $50 Million                          2 Basis Points
      Over $1 00 Million                        Negotiable

     Custodian fees for services rendered under a Custodian-Depository Agreement
are as follows:

ITEMIZED FEES
      Transaction Fee                           $15 Depository Eligible
                                                $40 Depository Ineligible
                                                $40 Options
                                                $50.00 United Kingdom, Canada

      Monthly Holding Fee                       $ 2 Depository eligible
                                                $ 4 Depository Ineligible

      Fedwires                                  $10
      CMO Paydowns                              $20
      Additional Asset/Cash Statements          $10
      Out-of-Pocket Expenses                    As incurred


      MINIMUM ANNUAL AGGREGATE FEE              $2,500

      This fee schedule is guaranteed for two years.


                                        Portfolios, Inc.

                                        by: /s/ C.K. Lawson
                                            -----------------------------
                                        Date: 9/9/94
                                              ---------------------------

                                        The Bank of California, N.A.

                                        by: /s/ Mary Fowler
                                            -----------------------------
                                        Date: 9/9/94
                                              ---------------------------

                                      -20-
<PAGE>

                                   Schedule C
                               Authorized Persons



Part I - Access Persons of Bank

     Mary Fowler
     Mark Peterson
     Charles Casillas
     Cari Umekubo
     Audrey Bough

Part II - Authorized Persons of the Fund

     Candace L. King
     C.K. Lawson

Part III - Officers
                                    ARMSTRONG ASSOCIATES, INC.

                                    By: /s/ C.K. Lawson
                                        ---------------------------
                                    Title: President
                                           ------------------------
                                    Date: 9/9/94
                                          -------------------------

                                    THE BANK OF CALIFORNIA, N.A.

                                    By: /s/ Mary Fowler
                                        ---------------------------
                                        Mary Fowler
                                    Title:  Vice President

                                    Date: 9/9/94
                                          -------------------------

                                      -21-



                              AMENDED AND RESTATED

                            TRANSFER AGENT AGREEMENT

     This Amended and Restated  Transfer  Agent  Agreement made this 17th day of
May,  1995,  to be  effective  as of January 1, 1995,  by and between  Armstrong
Associates,  Inc.,  a Texas  corporation  (the  "Fund"),  which  is an  open-end
investment  company,  and Portfolios,  Inc., a Texas  corporation (the "Transfer
Agent").

WITNESSETH THAT:

WHEREAS,  pursuant to a  previously  executed  Transfer  Agent  Agreement  dated
effective  January 1, 1995 (the  "Original  Agreement"),  the Transfer Agent has
agreed to act as Transfer, Redemption and Dividend Disbursing Agent for the Fund
and the Transfer  Agent also has agreed to act for the Fund in other respects as
stated in the Original Agreement; and

WHEREAS, the parties wish to enter into this Amended and Restated Transfer Agent
Agreement to set forth the  understanding  between the parties and supersede the
Original Agreement in all respects; and

WHEREAS,  pursuant  to a  separate  agreement  the  Fund  has  appointed  a bank
acceptable to the Transfer Agent as primary  Custodian of the  securities,  cash
and other assets of the Fund, hereinafter referred to as the Custodian Bank, and
may with the agreement of the Transfer Agent appoint one or more subcustodians;

NOW, THERFORE,  in consideration of the promises and mutual covenants  contained
herein,  the Original  Agreement is amended and restated to read in its entirety
as follows:

Section 1.
- ----------

The  Fund  hereby  appoints  the  Transfer  Agent  as its  Transfer,  Registrar,
Redemption  Agent and Dividend  Disbursing  Agent and the Transfer Agent accepts
such  appointments and agrees to act in such capacities upon the terms set forth
in this Agreement.

The  Transfer  Agent  agrees  to  comply  with all  relevant  provisions  of the
Investment  Company Act Of 1940 (the "Act"),  the Internal  Revenue Code,  other
applicable laws and all applicable rules and regulations thereunder.

The Fund shall furnish to the Transfer Agent a sufficient  supply of blank Share
Certificates  and from time to time will renew such  supply  upon the request of
the Transfer Agent. Such blank Share certificates shall be signed manually or by
facsimile signatures of officers of the Fund authorized by law or the by-laws of
the Fund to sign Share Certificates and, if required, shall bear the Fund's seal
or facsimile thereof.

<PAGE>

Section 2.
- ----------

The  Transfer  Agent shall make  original  issues of Shares in  accordance  with
Sections 12 and 13 below and with the Fund's then currently effective Prospectus
upon being furnished with (I) a certified copy of a resolution or resolutions of
the Board of Directors  of the Fund  authorizing  such issue and (ii)  necessary
funds for the payment of any original  issue tax  applicable to such  additional
Shares.  If  requested,  a copy of the opinion of counsel as to the  validity of
such additional  Shares shall be furnished to the Transfer Agent upon the Fund's
filing of its Rule 24f-2 Notice under the Act with the  Securities  and Exchange
Commission.

Section 3.
- ----------

Transfers  of Shares  shall be  registered  and,  subject to the  provisions  of
Section 9, new Share Certificates issued by the Transfer Agent upon surrender of
outstanding Share Certificates, if any, (I) in form deemed by the Transfer Agent
to be  properly  endorsed  for  transfer,  (ii)  with all  necessary  endorsers'
signatures  guaranteed by a member firm of a national securities  exchange,  the
NASD, or a commercial bank, except when the requirement of a signature guarantee
is waived in accordance  with the Fund's then current  Prospectus or SAI or when
otherwise authorized by the Fund pursuant to Written Instructions (as defined in
Section 33 below),  accompanied  by (iii) such  assurances as the Transfer Agent
shall  deem   necessary  or  appropriate   to  evidence  the   genuineness   and
effectiveness of each necessary  endorsement,  and (iv) satisfactory evidence of
compliance  with all  applicable  laws  relating to the payment or collection of
taxes.  The Transfer Agent shall retain all shareholder  applications  and shall
compare the  signature(s) on written  redemption  requests with the signature on
the shareholder  applications as may be necessary in the opinion of the Transfer
Agent,  provided  that the  Transfer  Agent  shall be liable for any loss due to
forgery or improper  signature of any kind  resulting from the negligence of the
Transfer Agent in making or failing to make such comparison.

Section 4.
- ----------

When mail is used for delivery of Share  Certificates  the Transfer  Agent shall
forward Share  Certificates in  "non-negotiable"  form by first-class  mail, and
Share  Certificates  in  "negotiable"  form by registered  mail,  return receipt
requested,  all mail  deliveries to be covered while in transit to the addressee
by insurance arranged for by the Transfer Agent.

Section 5.
- ----------

In registering  transfers of Shares the Transfer Agent may rely upon the Uniform
Commercial  Code or any other statutes  which in the opinion of counsel  protect
the Transfer Agent and the Fund in not requiring complete documentation (subject
to compliance  with  procedures set forth in the Fund's then current  Prospectus
and/or (SAI), in registering  transfer  without inquiry into adverse claims,  in
delaying  registration for purposes of such inquiry, or in refusing registration
where in its judgment an adverse claim requires such refusal.

                                      -2-
<PAGE>

Section 6.
- ----------

The  Transfer  Agent  may  issue  new  Share  Certificates  in  place  of  Share
Certificates  represented to have been lost, destroyed or stolen, upon receiving
indemnity  satisfactory  to the  Transfer  Agent  and the Fund any may issue new
Share  Certificates  in exchange  for, and upon  surrender of,  mutilated  Share
Certificates.

Section 7.
- ----------

In case  any  officer  of the Fund  who  shall  have  signed  manually  or whose
facsimile  signature shall have been affixed to blank Share  Certificates  shall
die, resign or be removed prior to the issuance of such Share Certificates,  the
Transfer  Agent may  issue or  register  such  Share  Certificates  as the Share
Certificates  of the Fund  notwithstanding  such death,  resignation  or removal
until otherwise  directed by the Fund; and the Fund shall file promptly with the
Transfer Agent such  approval,  adoption or  ratification  as may be required by
law.

Section 8.
- ----------

The Transfer Agent will maintain  mutual fund account  records in the usual form
in  which,  among  other  details,  it will  note  the  issuance,  transfer  and
redemption  of Shares,  whether  certificated  or not.  Whenever  a  Shareholder
deposits Shares  represented by Share  Certificates in an account,  the Transfer
Agent  upon  receipt  of the  Share  Certificates registered  in the name of the
Shareholder (or if not so registered, in proper form for transfer), shall cancel
such Share  Certificates  and make  appropriate  entries  in its stock  transfer
records.  The Transfer Agent will keep account  records,  part of which shall be
the stock  transfer  records,  in which it will  note the  names and  registered
addresses of Shareholders  and the number of Shares and fractions owned by them,
whether or not Share Certificates are outstanding.

Section 9.
- ----------

The Transfer Agent shall issue Share  Certificates  for Shares only upon receipt
of a written request from a Shareholder.  In all other cases, the Transfer Agent
shall  dispense  with the issuance and  countersignature  of Share  Certificates
whenever  Shares are purchased.  The Transfer  Agent shall process  purchase and
redemption  transactions  by making  appropriate  entries in the Fund's  account
records.

                                      -3-
<PAGE>

Section 10.
- -----------

The   Transfer   Agent   shall,   in  addition  to  the  duties  and   functions
above-mentioned,  perform the usual  duties and  functions  of a stock  Transfer
Agent for a corporation.  It shall countersign for issuance or re-issuance Share
Certificates representing original issue or reissued treasury Shares as directed
by the Written  Instructions  of the Fund and shall transfer Share  Certificates
registered in the name of  Shareholders  from one  Shareholder to another in the
usual manner.  The Transfer Agent may rely  conclusively and act without further
investigation upon any list, instruction,  certification,  authorization,  Share
Certificate or other instrument or paper reasonably believed by it in good faith
to be genuine and unaltered, and to have been signed, countersigned, or executed
by duly  authorized  person or  persons,  or upon the  instructions  of any duly
authorized  officer of the Fund,  or upon the advice of counsel  for the Fund or
for the  Transfer  Agent.  The  Transfer  Agent may record any transfer of Share
Certificates which is reasonably  believed by it in good faith to have been duly
authorized or may refuse to record any transfer of Share Certificates if in good
faith the Transfer Agent deems such refusal  necessary to avoid any liability on
the part of either the Fund or the Transfer Agent;  provided,  however, that the
Transfer Agent shall promptly  notify the Fund of any such refusal to record any
transfer and shall act in accordance  with the Fund's Written  Instructions,  if
any. The Fund agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Transfer  Agent from and
against any and all losses,  costs, claims, and liability which it may suffer or
incur by reason of so relying or acting or refusing to act.

Section 11.
- -----------

In case of any request or demand for the  inspection of the share records of the
Fund,  the  Transfer  Agent  shall  endeavor  to  notify  the Fund and to secure
instructions as to permitting or refusing such inspection. However, the Transfer
Agent may (after giving  written notice to the Fund) exhibit such records to any
person in any case where it is advised by its counsel that it may be held liable
for failure so to do, unless indemnified against such liability by the Fund.

                               ISSUANCE OF SHARES

Section 12.
- -----------

For the purposes of this Section,  the Fund hereby  instructs the Transfer Agent
to consider  Shareholder payments as available for investment in accordance with
the policies and procedures set forth in the Fund's then current  Prospectus and
SAI.  Immediately  after the time or times  and on each day on which the  Fund's
then Current  Prospectus  or SAI states that its net asset value per share shall
be  determined,  the Transfer Agent shall obtain from the Fund or its designated
agent a quotation of the net asset value per share

                                      -4-
<PAGE>

determined as of such time on such day. The Transfer Agent reserves the right to
charge  the Fund its  reasonable  costs of  making  corrections  to  shareholder
records if it is later determined that the Fund supplied an inaccurate net asset
value.

The Transfer  Agent shall,  on the same  business day on which any order for the
purchase of Shares is received and  utilizing the net asset value per share next
determined after the receipt of such order,  determine the amount to be invested
and the number of Shares and fractional Shares (rounded to three decimal places)
to  be  purchased.   The  Transfer  Agent  shall  thereupon  as  agent  for  the
Shareholders  place a  purchase  order  with the Fund for the  proper  number of
Shares and fractional Shares to be purchased and confirm such number to the Fund
in writing.  The Transfer Agent shall total the amount  available for investment
in Shares at the net asset value  determined by the Fund or its designated agent
at each Fund pricing time.

The Transfer  Agent shall pay over to the Custodian  Bank the net asset value of
Shares  and  fractional  Shares  purchased   immediately  upon  receipt  of  the
consideration  therefor.  In the  event  that any  check or other  order for the
payment of money is returned  unpaid for any reason,  the  Transfer  Agent shall
give prompt  notification  to the Fund of the non-payment of said check and take
such action as the Fund may authorize by Written Instructions.

Any profit on the liquidation of unpaid shares accrues to the Fund. In the event
of loss upon the liquidation of unpaid shares the Transfer Agent will charge the
purchaser's  account for the amount of such loss. If the balance in such account
is insufficient to cover the loss the Transfer Agent will assist the Fund in the
Fund's efforts to recover any such losses from the purchaser.

Section 13.
- -----------

The Transfer Agent, in making the calculations provided for in Section 12, shall
rely on its record of available  investment  funds.  The proper number of Shares
and  fractional  Shares  shall then be issued daily and credited by the Transfer
Agent  to the  shareholder  accounts.  The  Transfer  Agent  shall  mail to each
Shareholder  a  confirmation  of  each  purchase  (if  provided  for  under  the
provisions  of the  Shareholder's  account) no later than the next business day,
with copies to interested parties if requested.

Such  confirmation  shall among other details show the prior Share balance,  the
new Share balance, the dollar value, the Shares for which stock Certificates are
outstanding   (if  any),  the  amount  invested  and  the  price  paid  for  the
newly-purchased Shares.

The Transfer Agent shall provide the Fund with the total number of shares issued
by the Fund each  day.  In the case any  issue of  shares  would  result in over
issuance, the Transfer Agent shall notify the Fund.

                                      -5-
<PAGE>

                                   REDEMPTIONS

Section 14.
- -----------

The Transfer Agent shall process all requests from Shareholders to redeem Shares
and  determine  the number of Shares  required to be  redeemed  to make  monthly
payments,  automatic  payments  or the like and  advise  the  Fund,  on the same
business day that the request for redemption  was received,  of the total number
of  Shares  and  fractional  Shares  (rounded  to three  decimal  places)  to be
redeemed. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a redemption request is for a dollar
value of Shares in excess of the dollar value of Shares in the specified account
or is not in accordance with the requirements of the Prospectus  and/or SAI, the
Transfer  Agent shall not effect such  redemption in whole or in part, and shall
immediately  advise both the Fund and the Shareholder of such  discrepancy.  The
Fund or its  designated  agent  shall  then  quote  to the  Transfer  Agent  the
applicable net asset value;  whereupon the Transfer Agent shall furnish the Fund
with an appropriate  confirmation  of the redemption and process the redemption,
at the net asset value per share next  computed  after  receipt of the order for
redemption, by filing with the Custodian an appropriate statement and making the
proper  distribution  and  application of the redemption  proceeds in accordance
with  the  Fund's   Prospectus  or  SAI.  The  stock  registry  books  recording
outstanding  Shares  and the  individual  account  of the  Shareholder  shall be
properly  debited.  If provided for under the  provisions  of the  shareholder's
account,  the Transfer Agent shall mail to each  Shareholder a  confirmation  of
each  redemption  no later than the next business day, with copies to interested
persons if requested. Such confirmation shall among other details show the prior
Share balance,  the new Share balance and total dollar value thereof, the Shares
for which stock  certificates  are outstanding (if any), the amount redeemed and
the price received for the redeemed Shares.

Section 15.
- -----------

The proceeds of redemption shall be remitted by the Transfer Agent, in each case
by  draft  or  other  instrument  drawn  against  funds  held by the Fund in the
Custodian  Bank,  in  accordance  with  the  Fund's  then  currently   effective
Prospectus or SAI as follows:

     a.   By check  drawn to the order of and mailed to the  Shareholder  at the
          address  of record  not later  than the fifth  business  day after the
          redemption request is received.

     b.   To a person other than the Shareholder or to an address other than the
          Shareholder's  registered address only if instructions are received in
          writing  with  signature  guaranteed.  Plan  holders  transferring  to
          another Plan are also  required to provide the written  acceptance  of
          the new custodian.

                                      -6-
<PAGE>

     c.   By other  procedures  commonly  followed by mutual  funds and mutually
          agreed upon by the Fund and the Transfer Agent.

Any change in the registered address will be accepted by the Transfer Agent only
if made in writing  by the  Shareholder,  with  signature  guaranteed,  unless a
different procedure is agreed to in writing by the Fund and the Transfer Agent.

If required by the Fund's then current  Prospectus or SAI, the request and stock
certificates, if any, for Shares being redeemed, must have the owner's signature
guaranteed by a domestic  commercial bank or trust company or a member firm of a
national  securities  exchange or the NASD. If Share  Certificates have not been
issued to the redeeming  Shareholder,  the signature of the  Shareholder  on the
redemption  request must be similarly  guaranteed.  If the Fund  authorizes  the
Transfer  Agent by Written  Instructions  to waive the  signature  Guarantee  in
certain  instances,  the Fund hereby provides the Transfer Agent, its successors
and assigns, the same protections the Transfer Agent would normally receive from
a signature guarantee requirement.

For the  purposes of  redemption  of Shares  which have been  purchased by check
within 15 business days of a receipt of the redemption  request for such shares,
the Fund shall  provide the  Transfer  Agent,  from time to time,  with  Written
Instructions  concerning the time within which such requests may be honored. The
Transfer Agent has no responsibility to determine if any investment payment will
be reversed for any reason and is not  responsible in any way for the failure of
any investment to be collected.

The  authority  of the  Transfer  Agent to perform  its  responsibilities  under
Sections  14 and 15 shall be  suspended  upon the  Transfer  Agent's  receipt of
notification  of the  suspension  of the  determination  of the Fund's net asset
value.

                                    DIVIDENDS

Section 16.
- -----------

Upon the declaration of each dividend and each capital gains distribution by the
Board of  Directors of the Fund,  the Fund shall  notify the  Transfer  Agent by
Written  Instructions  of the date of such  declaration,  the amount payable per
share, the sources from which such dividend or distribution is made, and, unless
such dividend is a regular daily or monthly  dividend  payable by a money market
or other fund,  the record date for  determining  the  Shareholders  entitled to
payment.  The ex-date and payment date shall always be the next determination of
net asset value after the record date.  The Transfer  Agent shall  withhold such
sums as may be required to be withheld under  applicable  income tax laws, rules
and regulations.

                                      -7-
<PAGE>

Section 17.
- -----------

Upon the payment date of a dividend or distribution declared by the Fund's Board
of  Directors,  the Fund  will  cause  the  Custodian  Bank to  transfer  to the
disbursement  account  maintained  by the  Custodian in the name of the Fund the
total  amount  of such  dividends  or  distributions  payable  in cash to  those
Shareholders  electing to receive such dividends or  distributions  in cash. The
Transfer Agent shall prepare a check in the  appropriate  amount and mail it not
later than the fifth business day after the payment date to such  Shareholder at
his  address of record or to such other  address  as the  Shareholder,  may have
designated in writing.

With  regard  to  Shareholders   not  electing  to  receive  such  dividends  or
distributions  in cash,  the  Transfer  Agent will  automatically  reinvest  all
dividends and other such  distributions  in  additional  shares at the net asset
value  per  share on  payment  date.  When  provided  by the  provisions  of the
Shareholder's account, the Transfer Agent will promptly mail to each shareholder
at his  address of record or such  other  address  as the  Shareholder  may have
designated a statement showing the of full number and fractional shares (rounded
to three decimal  places)  currently  owned by the Shareholder and the net asset
value of the shares so credited to the Shareholder's account.

The Transfer Agent's dividend statement will meet the applicable requirements of
the Act and Rule  19a-1  thereunder  for  notification  as to the  source(s)  of
dividend payment(s). Where further notification detail is required, the Transfer
Agent shall prepare and distribute the information  necessary as directed by the
Fund.

                               GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section 18.
- -----------

The Transfer Agent shall provide to the Fund's investors confirmations with each
transaction.

Section 19.
- -----------

The Transfer Agent shall report daily the sales and redemptions in each state in
a manner suitable for state "blue-sky" reporting by the Fund. The Transfer Agent
has no  further  responsibility  as to  controlling  sales  of  Fund  Shares  or
maintaining the various  registrations  required under state "blue sky" laws and
regulations.  If the Fund notifies the Transfer  Agent,  the Transfer Agent will
stop Shares from being sold in all states where the Fund's  registration  is not
current.   Maintaining   current   registration   information   on-line  is  the
responsibility of the Fund.

                                      -8-
<PAGE>

Section 20.
- -----------

The  Transfer  Agent  shall  maintain  records  (which  may be part of the stock
transfer  records) in connection  with the issuance and redemption of Shares and
the  administration  of the Plans and dividend  reinvestments,  in which will be
noted the  transactions  effected for each  Shareholder and the number of Shares
and fractional  Shares (rounded to three decimal places) owned by each for which
no Share  Certificates  are  outstanding.  The  Transfer  Agent shall create and
maintain all  necessary  records in  accordance  with good  custodial  practice,
including, but not limited, to, records required by Section 31(a) of the Act and
Section 17(A) of the  Securities  and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended,  and the
rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.  The Transfer Agent agrees to make
available  upon  request and to preserve for the periods  prescribed  in Section
31(a) under the Act and Section  17(A) of the  Securities  and  Exchange  Act of
1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder, any records relating
to services provided under this Agreement or maintained.  by it on behalf of the
Fund. All such records shall be the property of the Fund.

The  Transfer  Agent  shall  also  maintain  the  following   records  for  each
Shareholder's  account:  name, address, and tax identification number; number of
Shares held and specific form of holding, including numbers and denominations of
certificates,  if any;  historical  information  regarding  the  account of each
Shareholder, including dividends paid, distributions made and date and price for
all  transactions  in a  Shareholder's  account;  any stop or restraining  order
placed  against  a  Shareholder's  account;  any  dividend  reinvestment  order,
dividend   address  and   correspondence   relating  to  the  maintenance  of  a
Shareholder's  account;  all  tax  and  withholding  information  relating  to a
Shareholder's  account;  information  with  respect  to  withholding  on foreign
accounts.

The Transfer  Agent shall maintain  records for all accounts  opened by entities
assigned  an  institution  number  ("institution")  so that where  required  the
aggregate  average  daily  value  of all  of an  institution's  accounts  can be
determined  and a  record  of such  values  maintained,  and so  that  duplicate
statements for the accounts can be prepared and sent to each institution.

The Transfer  Agent  represents  and warrants  that the various  procedures  and
systems  which it has  implemented  with  regard to  safeguarding  from loss and
damage  attributable  to fire,  theft,  or any other  cause of the Fund's  blank
checks,  blank  share  certificates,  records  and other  data and the  Transfer
Agent's records,  data,  equipment,  facilities,  and other property used in the
performance of its obligations hereunder are adequate and that it will make such
changes  therein  from time to time as are  reasonably  required  for the secure
performance of its obligations hereunder.

                                      -9-
<PAGE>

Section 21.
- -----------

The  Transfer  Agent shall  maintain  such  records as shall  enable the Fund to
fulfill  in a timely  fashion  the filing  requirements  of Form N-SAR or of any
successor  monthly,  quarterly or annual report required by the Act or rules and
regulations  thereunder  to be filed by the Fund.  All such records shall be the
property of the Fund.

Section 22.
- -----------

The  Transfer  Agent  shall  cooperate  with  the  Fund's   independent   public
accountants  and shall  take all  reasonable  action in the  performance  of its
obligations  under this  Agreement to assure that the necessary  information  is
made  available  to  such  accountants  for the  expression  of  their  opinion,
including  but not  limited to the  opinion  included  in the  Fund's  annual or
semi-annual reports on Form N-SAR, or of any successor annual report required by
the Act or rules thereunder to be filed by the Fund.

Section 23.
- -----------

In addition to the services as Transfer  Agent as above set forth,  the Transfer
Agent will  perform  other  services  for the Fund as agreed  from time to time,
including but not limited to,  preparation  of filing with the Internal  Revenue
Service and mailing to Shareholders  such Federal Tax  Information  Forms as are
required  to be so  prepared,  filed and mailed by  applicable  laws,  rules and
regulations,  mailing periodic  reports of the Fund,  preparation of Shareholder
lists as  necessary,  and mailing  initial  notices of  shareholder's  meetings,
proxies and proxy statements.

The  Transfer  Agent  shall  answer  telephone  calls  and  correspondence  from
Shareholders relating to their share accounts.  The Transfer Agent shall respond
to all  inquiries  from  Shareholders  relating to the  administration  of their
accounts  within one (1)  business  day with  respect to  answers  delivered  by
telephone and within three (3) business  days with respect to answers  delivered
in writing or in any lesser time period as may be required by applicable law.

Copies of all correspondence  from Shareholders  involving  complaints about the
management of the Fund,  the services  provided by or for the Fund, the Transfer
Agent or others,  or  concerning  complaints  relating to the fund shall be sent
immediately  to  the  Fund.  Summaries  of any  similar  matters  conveyed  by a
Shareholder by telephone shall be prepared by the Transfer Agent and sent to the
Fund within three(3) business days.

Telephone  calls and  correspondence  on other  matters  will be referred to the
Fund.

The Transfer Agent shall keep records of Shareholder substantive telephone calls
and correspondence and replies thereto, and of the lapse of time between receipt
of such substantive telephone calls

                                      -10-
<PAGE>

and correspondence and the making of replies.

Section 24.
- -----------

Nothing contained in this Agreement is intended to or shall require the Transfer
Agent in any capacity  hereunder  to perform any  functions or duties on any day
identified in the Prospectus  and/or SAI on which the Fund is closed.  Functions
or duties normally scheduled to be performed on such days shall be performed on,
and as of, the next  business  day on which the Transfer  Agent is open,  except
when the Transfer Agent is closed to observe a legal  emergency when the Fund is
open and the Fund has received purchases or redemption requests,  such purchases
and  redemptions  shall be priced and executed "as of" such date on the business
day next following such day.

Section 25.
- -----------

The Fund agrees to pay the Transfer Agent  compensation  for its services and to
reimburse it for  expenses,  as set forth in Schedule A attached  hereto,  or as
shall be set forth in amendments  to such Schedule  approved by the Fund and the
Transfer  Agent.  All such payments and  reimbursements  shall be charged to and
paid by the Fund on a monthly basis.

Section 26.
- -----------

The Transfer Agent in acting in any other capacity set forth in this  Agreement,
shall not be  personally  liable for any  taxes,  assessments,  or  governmental
charges  which may be levied or assessed on any basis  whatsoever  in connection
with the administration of the Plans,  excepting only for taxes assessed against
the Transfer  Agent in its corporate  capacity  arising out of its  compensation
hereunder.

Section 27.
- -----------

The Transfer Agent shall not be liable  hereunder for any  non-negligent  action
taken in good faith and  reasonably  believed to be within the powers  conferred
upon it by this Agreement.  The Fund shall indemnify the Transfer Agent and hold
it harmless from any and against any and all actions,  suits and claims, whether
groundless or otherwise,  arising directly or indirectly out of or in connection
with its  performance  under this  Agreement  including  but not  limited to its
performance  as Transfer  Agent from and  against  any and all losses,  damages,
costs, charges, counsel fees, payments, expenses and liabilities incurred by the
Transfer Agent in connection with any such action,  suit, or claim,  except such
as shall result from its own negligent  act,  omission or willful  misconduct or
that of its  officers,  agents or  employees.  The Fund shall not be required to
indemnify the Transfer Agent against any expenses or liabilities  arising out of
a default  judgment,  a  confession  of judgment or a  settlement  entered  into
without the

                                      -11-
<PAGE>

prior  written  consent of the Fund.  The Transfer  Agent shall not be under any
obligation to prosecute or to defend any action, suit or claim arising out of or
in connection with its performance under this Agreement as Transfer Agent which,
in the opinion of its counsel,  may involve it in expense or  liability.  At its
option the Fund may and upon request of the Transfer Agent the Fund shall assume
the entire  defense  of any  action,  suit,  or claim  subject to the  foregoing
indemnity.  The  Transfer  Agent  shall  give the Fund  notice,  and  reasonable
opportunity to defend, any such action,  suit, or claim, in the name of the Fund
or the Transfer  Agent or both.  In the event the Fund assumes the defense,  the
Transfer Agent shall be responsible for its own legal fees and expenses from the
date the Fund so assumes the defense, except for such fees and expenses incurred
at the request of the Fund.  The Fund and the  Transfer  Agent  shall  cooperate
fully in the defense of any action, suit or claim.

The Transfer Agent at its expense will make  corrections  and adjustments as may
be required,  where the  Transfer  Agent,  its  officers,  agents,  employees or
delegates are the cause of any error made in rendering the services described in
this agreement.

Without limitation of the foregoing:

     a.   The  Transfer  Agent may rely upon and shall not be liable to the Fund
          for the advice of the Fund,  counsel  (who may be counsel for the Fund
          or counsel for the Transfer Agent) and upon statements of accountants,
          brokers and other persons believed by it in good faith to be expert in
          the matters  about which they are  consulted and for any actions taken
          in good faith upon such statements.

     b.   The Transfer Agent shall not be liable for any action reasonably taken
          in good faith reliance upon any Written Instructions or certified copy
          of any  resolution  of the Board of Directors  of the Fund,  provided,
          however,  that upon receipt of a Written Instruction  countermanding a
          prior Instruction which has been fully executed by the Transfer Agent,
          the Transfer Agent shall attempt to honor to the extent then possible,
          such  later  instructions  and rely upon the  genuineness  of any such
          document or correspondence  reasonably  believed in good faith to have
          been validly executed.

     c.   The Transfer  Agent may rely and shall be protected in acting upon any
          signature, instruction,  request, letter of transmittal,  certificate,
          opinion of counsel,  statement,  instrument,  report, notice, consent,
          order,  or other  paper or  document  reasonably  believed by it to be
          genuine and to have been signed or presented by the Shareholder,  Fund
          or other proper party or parties.

                                      -12-
<PAGE>

Section 28.
- -----------

The Fund shall  promptly  cause to be turned over to the  Transfer  Agent (i) an
accurate list of Shareholders of the Fund showing the proper registered  address
and  number  of  Shares  owned  and  whether  such  shares  are  represented  by
outstanding Share Certificates or by non-certificated  share accounts,  (ii) all
records  relating  to  Plans,  including  original  applications  signed  by the
Planholders  and  original  plan  accounts  recording  payments,  contributions,
deductions,   reinvestments,   withdrawals  and  liquidations,   and  (iii)  all
shareholder  records,  files., and other materials  necessary or appropriate for
proper  performance  of the functions  assumed by the Transfer  Agent under this
Agreement  (hereinafter  called  "Materials").  The Fund agrees to indemnify and
hold the Transfer  Agent,  its successors and assigns,  harmless of and from any
and all expenses,  damages,  claims,  suits,  liabilities,  actions,  demand and
losses  of  third  parties  arising  out of or in  connection  with  any  error,
omission,  inaccuracy  or  other  deficiency  of such  Materials,  or out of the
failure of the Fund to provide any portion of such  Materials  or to provide any
information needed by the Transfer Agent to perform knowledgeably its functions.
The Fund agrees to pay  reasonable  compensation  to the Transfer Agent to cover
the Transfer Agent's expenses in correcting any such error, omission, inaccuracy
or other deficiency of the Materials.

Section 29.
- -----------

The  Transfer  Agent shall at all times act in good faith and shall use its best
efforts to ensure the accuracy of all services  performed  under this  Agreement
and shall be liable for and shall  indemnify and hold the Fund harmless from and
against any and all actions,  suits and claims, whether groundless or otherwise,
and from and against any and all losses, damages, costs, charges,  counsel fees,
payments,  expenses and liabilities incurred by the Fund, in connection with any
such  action,  suit  or  claim  arising  directly  or  indirectly  out  of or in
connection with errors caused by the Transfer Agent's  negligence,  bad faith or
willful  misconduct or that of its agents or employees The Transfer  Agent shall
not be required  to  indemnify  the Fund  against  any  expenses or  liabilities
arising out of a default  judgment,  a  confession  of judgment or a  settlement
entered into without the prior written consent of the Transfer  Agent.  The Fund
shall not be under any  obligation  to prosecute  or defend any action,  suit or
claim arising  directly or indirectly out of or in connection with errors caused
by the Transfer Agent's  negligence,  bad faith or willful misconduct or that of
its employees or agents which, in the opinion of its counsel,  may involve it in
expense or liability.  The Transfer Agent may at its option and, upon request of
the Fund and Transfer Agent shall, assume the entire defense of any action, suit
or claim  subject to the foregoing  indemnity.  The Fund shall give the Transfer
Agent notice of, and reasonable  opportunity to defend, any such action, suit or
claim in the name of the Fund or the  Transfer  Agent or both.  In the event the
Transfer Agent assumes the

                                      -13-
<PAGE>

defense,  the Fund shall be responsible for its own legal fees and expenses from
the date the Fund so assumes  the  defense,  except  for such fees and  expenses
which are incurred at the request of the Transfer Agent.  The Transfer Agent and
the Fund agree to  cooperate  fully in the defense of any such  action,  suit or
claim.

Section 30.
- -----------

The Transfer Agent acknowledges and agrees that all books and records maintained
for the Fund in any capacity  under this  agreement are the property of the Fund
and may be inspected by the Fund at any reasonable time.

The Transfer Agent agrees to regard and preserve as confidential all records and
other  information  relative to the Fund, and will not without written authority
of the Fund disclose to others, during the term of this Agreement or thereafter,
any such records or other information,  except as may be reasonably necessary to
enable the Transfer  Agent to maintain any software by the Transfer Agent in the
performance of its duties hereunder, provided the Transfer Agent has obtained an
appropriate confidentiality agreement from the recipient thereof.

In the event of termination of this Agreement for any reason, the Transfer Agent
agrees to provide the Fund with complete and accurate  records and to assist the
Fund in the orderly  transfer of accounts  and  records.  Without  limiting  the
generality of the foregoing,  the Transfer Agent agrees upon termination of this
Agreement:

     a.   to deliver to the Fund computer disks  containing the Fund's  accounts
          and records in machine readable form together with such record layouts
          and  additional  information as may be necessary to enable the Fund to
          utilize the information therein;

     b.   to cooperate  with the Fund and any  successor  transfer  agent in the
          interpretation of the Fund's accounts and records; and

     c.   to reimburse the Fund its  reasonable  costs arising out of any error,
          omission,  inaccuracy or other  deficiency in the Fund's  accounts and
          records which occurred  during the term of this Agreement  which arise
          from the  negligence  or other error of the Transfer  Agent as long as
          claim for such reimbursement is made within 90.days of termination.

Section 31.
- -----------

The practices and procedures of the Transfer Agent and the Fund set forth in the
Agreement, or any other terms or conditions of this Agreement, may be altered or
modified  from time to time as may be  mutually  agreed by the  parties  to this
Agreement.  In  special  cases the  parties  hereto  may adopt in  writing  such
procedures as may be

                                      -14-
<PAGE>

appropriate  or practical  under the  circumstances,  and the Transfer Agent may
conclusively  rely on the  determination of the Fund that any special  procedure
which  has been  approved  by the Fund does not  conflict  with or  violate  any
requirements  of its Articles of  Incorporation,  By-Laws or Prospectus,  or any
rule, regulation or requirement of any regulatory body.

Section 32.
- -----------

The Fund shall file with the Transfer Agent a certified copy of each  resolution
of its Board of Directors  authorizing the execution of Written  Instructions or
the transmittal of Oral Instructions, as provided in the Custodian Agreement.

The following  additional terms, for purposes of this Agreement or any amendment
or  supplement  thereto,  shall have the meanings  herein  specified  unless the
context otherwise requires:

Plan: The term Plan shall  include such  investment  plan,  dividends or capital
      gains reinvestment  plans,  systematic  withdrawal plans or other types of
      plans set forth in the then  currently  effective  prospectus of the Fund,
      including any  qualified  retirement  plan which is a  Shareholder  of the
      Fund, in form  acceptable to the Transfer  Agent,  which the Fund may from
      time to time adopt and make available to its Shareholders, including plans
      or  accounts  by  individuals  or   corporations.   All   Planholders  are
      Shareholders,  who  use a  specific  plan  or  service  not  used  by  all
      Shareholders as a whole.

Administrator:  The term Administrator of a Plan means the Transfer Agent solely
      in its  capacity as agent for the  performance  of those  retirement  plan
      tasks  which can be  performed  on a group or mass  basis by the  Transfer
      Agent's  systems.  It does not include certain  corporate  retirement plan
      tasks that are often performed on an individual  basis,  such as preparing
      Summary Plan Descriptions and/or preparing IRS Form 5500.

Section 33.
- -----------

This  Agreement  may be amended  from time to time by a  supplemental  agreement
executed by the Fund and the Transfer Agent.

Section 34.
- -----------

Either the Fund or the Transfer  Agent may give 60 days,  written  notice to the
other of the termination of this Agreement,  such  termination to take effect at
the time specified in the notice;  provided,  however, the obligations set forth
in Sections 27, 29, 30, 36, and 37 and, for the fiscal year of the Fund in which
termination occurs,  Sections 21 and 22, shall survive such termination,  unless
satisfied.

                                      -15-
<PAGE>

Section 35.
- -----------

Any  notice  or other  communication  required  by or  permitted  to be given in
connection  with this Agreement  shall be in writing,  and shall be delivered in
person or sent by first class mail,  postage prepaid,  to the respective parties
as follows:

If to the Fund:

      Armstrong Associates, Inc.
      Attn: Secretary
      750 North St. Paul
      Suite 1300, LB 13
      Dallas, Texas 75201

If to the Transfer Agent:

      Portfolios, Inc.
      750 North St. Paul
      Suite 1300, LB 13
      Dallas, Texas 75201

Section 36.
- -----------

The Transfer  Agent and the Fund each  represent  and warrant to the other as to
itself that all actions required by their  respective  directors or shareholders
has been taken to authorize the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the
consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby; the execution and delivery
of this Agreement and  consummation of the transactions  contemplated  hereby do
not  contravene any provision of their  respective  charter or by-laws or of any
laws,  regulations  or orders or any government or agency thereof to which it is
subject;  do  not  constitute  the  violation  or  breach  of any  agreement  or
understanding  to which it is a party  or by  which  it is  bound;  and upon its
execution and delivery,  this Agreement shall be binding and enforceable against
it in accordance with its terms.

Section 37.
- -----------

The Transfer Agent may from time to time,  with the written consent of the Fund,
delegate some or all of its duties  hereunder to others,  who shall perform such
functions as the agent of the Transfer Agent. To the extent of such  delegation,
the term "the Transfer Agent' in this Agreement shall be deemed to refer to both
the Transfer  Agent and to its designee or to either of them, as the context may
indicate. In each provision of this Agreement fixing or limiting the liabilities
or the  delegations  of the  Transfer  Agent,  or  Providing  for the  liability
indemnification  or  protection  of the Transfer  Agent,  the term "the Transfer
Agent" shall include the Transfer Agent's designee. The Transfer Agent shall not
be relieved of any  liabilities or obligation  under the Agreement in connection
with such delegation of duties, shall be responsible to

                                      -16-
<PAGE>

supervise  and  assure  that any such  designee  properly  performs  the  duties
delegated to it, and shall be responsible for the performance of the designee as
though the Transfer Agent had, itself, performed the duties so delegated.

Section 38.
- -----------

This Agreement may be executed in two or more  counterparts,  each of which when
so  executed  shall be deemed to be an  original,  but such  counterparts  shall
together constitute but one and the same instrument.

Section 39.
- -----------

This Agreement  shall extend to and shall be binding upon the parties hereto and
their respective successors and assigns; provided,  however, that this Agreement
shall not be assignable by the Fund without the written  consent of the Transfer
Agent  or by the  Transfer  Agent  without  the  written  consent  of the  Fund,
authorized or approved by a resolution of its Board of Directors.

Section 40.
- -----------

This Agreement constitutes the full and complete agreement of the parties hereto
with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements or
understandings between the parties.

Section 41.
- -----------

Whenever  pronouns are used  herein,  they shall be  interpreted  in the neuter,
masculine, feminine, singular or plural as the context may require.

Section 42.
- -----------

Except where specific time limits are herein  provided,  no delay on the part of
any party hereto in exercising any power or right  hereunder  shall operate as a
waiver thereof;  nor shall any single or partial  exercise of any power or right
hereunder  preclude  other or further  exercise  thereof or the  exercise of any
8ther power or right.  No waiver shall be  enforceable  against any party hereto
unless in writing,  signed by the party against whom such waiver is claimed, and
shall be limited solely to the one event.

Section 43.
- -----------

This  Agreement  shall be governed by, and  construed in  accordance  with,  the
internal laws of the State of Texas,  without giving effect to the principles of
conflicts of law.

                                      -17-
<PAGE>

IN WITNESS  WHEREOF,  the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be signed
by their respective duly authorized officers.


                                        ARMSTRONG ASSOCIATES, INC,

                                        By /s/ Candace L. King
                                           ---------------------------

                                        PORTFOLIOS, INC.


                                        By /s/ C.K. Lawson
                                           ---------------------------

                                      -18-
<PAGE>

                            Schedule A - FEE SCHEDULE

                Attached to and part of Transfer Agent Agreement
                  Dated May 17, 1995, Effective January 1, 1995

                   Transfer Agent, Dividend Disbursing Agent,
                          Shareholder Accounting Agent

Fees and Expenses
- -----------------

     A.   Basic Fee:  $1,000  per month for the first 12 months,  $700 per month
          thereafter.  Fees can be  amended by mutual  consent  of the Fund,  as
          evidenced by resolution of its Board, and the Transfer Agent.

     B.   Expenses:  The basic fee excludes all out of pocket costs,  including,
          without limitations:  costs of forms, statements,  envelopes, postage,
          shipping,  telephone,  insurance,  legal  fees,  statement  microfiche
          copies. These costs are billed separately.

Basic Services:
- ---------------

Opening new accounts.
Processing all payments.
Issuing and canceling certificates.
Processing partial and complete redemptions.
Regular and legal transfers of accounts.
Mailing shareholder reports.
Processing dividends and distributions, including withholding obligations.
Confirmation of all transactions as provided by the terms of each  shareholder's
     account.
Retirement account reporting.

Account Maintenance:
- --------------------

Maintaining  shareholder  records  of  certificates  and  whole  and  fractional
unissued shares.
Changing shareholders' addresses.
Daily reports on numbers of shares, accounts.
Addressing and tabulating annual proxy cards.
Supplying shareholder lists as necessary.
Preparation of shareholder Federal Tax Information Forms.
Replying to shareholder  telephone calls and correspondence  other than that for
     Fund performance, Fund information, or Fund-related inquiries.

                                      -19-



                        ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES AGREEMENT
                                     BETWEEN
                           ARMSTRONG ASSOCIATES, INC.
                                       AND
                                PORTFOLIOS, INC.

     THIS  ADMINISTRATIVE  SERVICES  AGREEMENT is made this 24th day of October,
1985  by and  between  Armstrong  Associates,  Inc.,  a Texas  corporation  (the
"Fund"), and Portfolios, Inc., a Texas corporation ("Portfolios"):

                                   WITNESSETH:

     WHEREAS,  the Fund is engaged in business as an open-end investment company
registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "Act");

     WHEREAS,  Portfolios  is  registered  as an  investment  adviser  under the
Investment  Advisers  Act of 1940,  as amended,  and engages in the  business of
providing investment advisory services to the Fund and others; and

     WHEREAS, the Fund desires to retain Portfolios to render certain additional
services in the manner and on the terms and  conditions  hereinafter  set forth;
and

     WHEREAS,  Portfolios  desires to be  retained  to perform  such  additional
services on said terms and conditions:

     NOW,  THEREFORE,  for  and in  consideration  of the  mutual  promises  and
agreements  herein  contained  and other good and  valuable  consideration,  the
receipt and  sufficiency  of which are hereby  acknowledged,  the parties hereto
agree as follows:

     1. SERVICES. The Fund hereby retains Portfolios to provide to the Fund such
accounting  and  bookkeeping  services and  functions  (the  "Services")  as are
reasonably  necessary for the operation of the Fund,  including the  preparation
and  maintenance  of the  following  books,  records  and other  documents:  (a)
journals  containing itemized daily records in detail of all purchases and sales
of  securities,   receipts  and  deliveries  of  securities,  all  receipts  and
disbursements  of cash  and all  other  debits  and  credits;  (b)  general  and
auxiliary ledgers reflecting all asset, liability,  reserve, capital, income and
expense accounts;  and (c) a record of the proof of money balances in all ledger
accounts maintained pursuant to this Agreement.  The foregoing books and records
shall be maintained  by  Portfolios in accordance  with and for the time periods
specified by applicable rules and  regulations,  including Rules 3la-1 and 3la-2
under the Act. All such books and records shall be the property of the Fund and,
upon request  therefor,  Portfolios shall surrender to the Fund promptly such of
the books and records so requested.

<PAGE>

     2.  INFORMATION  FROM FUND.  The Fund will,  from time to time,  furnish or
otherwise make available to Portfolios such information relating to the business
and  affairs  of the  Fund as  Portfolios  may  reasonably  require  in order to
discharge its duties and obligations hereunder.

     3.  COMPENSATION.  For the Services to be rendered as provided  above,  the
Fund shall pay to  Portfolios a cash fee at the annual rate of $16,000,  payable
in equal monthly installments on the last day of each month. If Portfolios shall
serve for less than the whole of any month, the compensation to Portfolios shall
be prorated.

     4. ALLOCATION OF CHARGES AND EXPENSES.  Portfolios shall be responsible for
the  compensation of its personnel,  and for the costs of its office  facilities
and  equipment,   employed  in  performing  the  Services.  The  Fund  shall  be
responsible  for,  and shall pay,  all the other  expenses  associated  with its
operations.  Portfolios  may  arrange  on  behalf  of the  Fund to  obtain  data
processing,  legal,  auditing and consulting  services  reasonably  necessary in
connection  with  the  performance  of the  Services,  and  the  Fund  shall  be
financially responsible for the cost of such services.

     5.  INSPECTION.   Portfolios  will  permit  representatives  of  the  Fund,
including the Fund's  independent  auditors,  to have  reasonable  assess to the
personnel and records of Portfolios in order to enable such  representatives  to
monitor the quality of services being provided  pursuant to this  Agreement.  In
addition,  Portfolios  shall  promptly  deliver to the Board of Directors of the
Fund such information as may reasonably be requested from time to time to permit
the Board of Directors to make an informed determination  regarding continuation
of this Agreement.

     6. ACTIVITIES OF PORTFOLIOS. The services of Portfolios to the Fund are not
deemed  to be  exclusive.  Portfolios  shall  be free  to  engage  in any  other
business,  to render similar services to others and to provide other services to
the Fund for separate and additional consideration.

     7. DURATION,  TERMINATION AND AMENDMENT OF THIS  AGREEMENT.  This Agreement
shall become  effective on November 1, 1985 and shall continue in effect for two
years from such date, and  thereafter,  but only so long as such  continuance is
specifically  approved  at least  annually  (i) by the vote of a majority of the
directors  of the Fund  who are not  parties  to this  Agreement  or  interested
persons (as defined in the Act) of the Fund or Portfolios, and (ii) by the Board
or by a vote of a majority of the  outstanding  voting  securities  of the Fund.
This Agreement may be terminated by Portfolios at any time without penalty on 60
days' written  notice,  and may be terminated at any time without penalty by the
Board or by the vote of a majority of the outstanding  voting  securities of the
Fund on 60 days' written notice.  This Agreement may be amended by an instrument
in writing executed by the parties hereto and approved in the same manner as the
continuance  hereof without the approval of the shareholders of the Fund, and it
shall automatically terminate in the event of its transfer or assignment.

     8. INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT. This Agreement is made subject to the provisions
of the Act.

                                      -2-
<PAGE>

     IN WITNESS  WHEREOF,  the parties  hereto  have caused this  Administrative
Services Agreement to be executed as of the date first above written.


                                        ARMSTRONG ASSOCIATES, INC.

                                        By /s/ C.K. Lawson
                                           ----------------------------
                                           President


                                        PORTFOLIOS, INC.

                                        By /s/ Candace L. King
                                           ----------------------------
                                           Vice President

                                      -3-



                       [Jackson Walker L.L.P. Letterhead)

                                October 27, 1997

Armstrong Associates, Inc.
750 North St. Paul, Suite 1300
Dallas, Texas 75201

     Re:  Armstrong Associates, Inc.

Gentlemen:

     We  have  acted  as  counsel  for  Armstrong  Associates,   Inc.,  a  Texas
corporation  (the  "Company"),  solely for purposes of rendering this opinion in
connection  with the Company's  registration  of an indefinite  number of shares
("Shares")  of its  Common  Stock,  par  value $ 1.00  per  share,  pursuant  to
Post-Effective Amendment No. 42 to its Registration Statement on Form N- IA (No.
2-27539) (the  "Registration  Statement")  under the  Securities Act of 1933, as
amended (the "Act"),  and  Post-Effective  Amendment No. 28 to the  Registration
Statement under the Investment company Act of 1940, as amended.  As such counsel
we have  examined and relied upon the  originals,  or copies  identified  to our
satisfaction,  of such  corporate  records,  documents,  certificates  and other
instruments  that in our judgment are necessary or  appropriate  to enable us to
render the opinion hereinbelow set forth.

     We are of the following opinion:

     (1) The company is a corporation  duly  incorporated  and validly  existing
under the laws of the State of Texas with  authorized  capital stock  consisting
solely of 6,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value of $ 1. 00 per share.

     (2) When  payment,  in an amount per Share equal to the net asset value per
Share of the Company  calculated  in the manner  described  in the  Registration
Statement,  but in no event in an amount  less than  $1.00 per  Share,  has been
received  by the company for the sale of Shares,  such  Shares,  up to a maximum
aggregate of 6,000,000 Shares, when issued,  will be validly issued,  fully-paid
and non-assessable.

     We consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the  Registration
Statement.

                                        Very truly yours,

                                        /s/ Jackson Walker L.L.P.



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