<PAGE> 1
===============================================================================
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
/X/ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 [FEE REQUIRED]
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 1994
OR
/ / TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 [NO FEE REQUIRED]
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 0-15323
NETWORK EQUIPMENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
DELAWARE 94-2904044
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) Identification No.)
</TABLE>
800 SAGINAW DRIVE
REDWOOD CITY, CALIFORNIA 94063
(415) 366-4400
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code, area code, and
telephone number)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
COMMON STOCK, $0.01 PAR VALUE NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE
(TITLE OF EACH CLASS) (NAME OF EACH EXCHANGE ON WHICH
REGISTERED)
</TABLE>
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
7 1/4% CONVERTIBLE SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES
(TITLE OF CLASS)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. [ ]
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of
the registrant on May 31, 1994 was $126,399,060.
The number of shares outstanding of the Common Stock, $0.01 par value, on
May 31, 1994 was 17,142,693.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:
The registrant's Annual Report to Stockholders for the fiscal year ended
March 31, 1994 is incorporated by reference in Parts I, II and IV of this Form
10-K to the extent stated herein. The registrant's definitive Proxy Statement
for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on August 9, 1994 is
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K to the extent stated
herein.
Exhibit Index is located on page 20.
===============================================================================
<PAGE> 2
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Network Equipment Technologies, Inc. ("N.E.T." or "the Company") is
headquartered in Redwood City, California, has more than 1,100 employees and
supports networks in over 50 countries. The Company was incorporated in
California in 1983 and reincorporated in Delaware in 1987. Its common stock is
traded on the New York Stock Exchange. N.E.T.'s primary mission is to be the
premier supplier of enterprise networks for information-intensive organizations
and multinational Value-Added Network ("VAN") service providers worldwide.
For over a decade, N.E.T. has manufactured and supported products for
wide-area ("WANs") networks. Many of the largest and most successful service
providers and end-user organizations in the world rely on N.E.T.TM products to
provide cost-effective and reliable digital communications services. Integrating
data, voice, video and image applications, N.E.T. products support a wide range
of technologies including ATM, SONET, frame relay, ISDN and internetworking.
Designed for reliability, flexibility and compliance with domestic and
international standards, N.E.T. products are backed by an extensive service and
support infrastructure.
INDUSTRY BACKGROUND
N.E.T.TM was formed in 1983 to take advantage of several fundamental
developments in the market for telecommunications products and services. These
changes began in the United States, and included significant opportunities
created by deregulation of the telecommunications industry, the breakup of AT&T
and availability of high-capacity leased, dedicated telecommunications lines,
referred to as digital transmission facilities or "circuits". Many countries
have since experienced similar changes in their telecommunications environment.
In the early-80s, AT&T and the Regional Bell Operating Companies ("RBOCs")
introduced "T1" circuits, operating at 1.544 megabits per second ("Mbps"). This
greatly expanded the digital circuit capacity available to private network users
in the US, and offered significant price/performance advantages over services
then available from AT&T and the RBOCs. The effect this had on how business was
conducted, and the opportunity it presented for companies like N.E.T. can be
illustrated by looking at the US experience. However, a similar situation exists
in other regions of the world.
Reliable transmission of voice and data traffic is of great importance to
major businesses and government agencies, particularly those that rely heavily
on moving information from place to place. For many of these organizations, such
as banks, brokerage houses, airlines, and parcel delivery services, loss of
applications or transmission capability due to failed communications networks
could result in a significant loss of revenue. By the mid-80s, some of these
organizations began to move their high volume, critical applications, such as
funds transfers, customer billings, automated teller and airline reservations,
away from public networks and application-specific networks and onto integrated
private networks built around fully dedicated circuits to achieve greater
reliability and cost savings. Such WANs, or backbone networks, quickly became
critical to the success of these enterprises.
These developments presented an opportunity for companies like N.E.T. to
design, manufacture and sell a new class of product to manage the increasing
amounts of bandwidth -- often referred to as a "bandwidth manager" or "T1
multiplexer". In the early years, N.E.T. described its bandwidth manager as a
Transmission Resource Manager ("TRM"), since its primary purpose was to manage
transmission resources, enabling an enterprise to consolidate multiple
independent voice and data networks onto a single integrated backbone, in order
to reduce transmission costs and provide a more reliable and more flexible
communications solution.
Certain of the Company's TRM products have broadened in scope in recent
years to manage communications resources. This evolution has involved the
expansion of interface types and the integration of packet-over-circuit
functionality into some of N.E.T.'s TRM products. Now the Company uses the term
Communications Resource Manager ("CRM") to more accurately describe such
products.
2
<PAGE> 3
The first member of the N.E.T. family of CRMs, known as the Integrated
Digital Network Exchange ("IDNX"), shipped in 1985. From the beginning, IDNX(R)
CRMs have performed three major functions: multiplexing, routing and network
management. Multiplexing is the process of aggregating streams of voice, data,
image and/or video from multiple sources for transmission over circuits. Routing
refers to the selection of the path that most efficiently utilizes the network
depending on the priority of the transmission, the condition of the network and
the volume of network traffic. Re-routing is the ability to dynamically route
existing network traffic around a failed circuit rapidly enough to keep the
end-to-end connection intact. Network management involves data collection,
analysis, decision making and presentation of information to allow the user to
view, control and manage the network's multiplexing, routing and other functions
to its fullest operational and economic potential.
Several manufacturers of T1 multiplexers, including N.E.T., grew rapidly in
the mid-to-late 1980's. As the industry has grown, the marketplace has been very
dynamic. There are several important changes which have taken and are continuing
to take place.
The increasing "internationalization" or "globalization" of businesses and
an increasing liberalization or deregulation of carrier services outside the US
have propelled the industry toward a worldwide focus, expanding opportunities
for companies like N.E.T., with products designed to meet worldwide standards.
In many countries, the national Post Telegraph and Telephone Organization ("PTT"
or "PTO") began providing digital circuits. Now, as the provision of
telecommunications products and services has been or is being deregulated, other
common carriers are offering digital circuits, on a national and international
basis.
During the 80s, circuits at 64 kbps and "E1" circuits, operating at 2.048
Mbps became available within many countries, with international circuits
typically operating at specific multiples of the 64 kbps rate. To meet the
growth in bandwidth requirements during the 90s, some PTTs or PTOs are providing
private network users with "E3" circuits, operating at 34.368 Mbps (with
bandwidth capacity equivalent to 16 E1s, but priced lower).
Meanwhile, in the US, bandwidth requirements continued to grow too. By the
early-90s, "T3" circuits, operating at 44.736 Mbps (with bandwidth capacity
equivalent to 28 T1s, but priced lower), were beginning to be used for private
networks.
It is expected by N.E.T. that this trend of leasing digital circuits of
increasing capacity will continue, as high capacity optical fiber utilizing
Synchronous Optical Network ("SONET") standards becomes the backbone of the
carrier networks in the US. SONET broadband transmission uses the optical
carrier ("OC") range including OC-1 (51.480 Mbps), OC-3 (155 Mbps), OC-12 (622
Mbps) and higher rates. In Europe, there is a different set of broadband
standards based on the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy ("SDH"). In anticipation of
this trend, N.E.T. developed its SONET Transmission ManagerTM ("STMTM")
Broadband Network Switch to extend bandwidth management capabilities into the
broadband arena. The STM is designed for US applications, handling T1 and T3
lines initially, but is capable of supporting higher OC rates as the market for
SONET networks expands.
At the same time, and at the other end of the capacity scale, the benefits
which have been realized by larger, central sites are being desired by smaller,
branch sites of information-intensive organizations. As a result, an increasing
demand for smaller access multiplexers has emerged. N.E.T. recently introduced a
version of the IDNX -- known as the IDNX/Micro 20 -- to address this growing
segment of the market.
The proliferation of local-area networks ("LANs") that interconnect
computers within an office building or campus environment has created a demand
for connectivity solutions that promote communications among LANs across WANs.
In the 90s the proportion of traffic on the WAN which originates from LANs has
been increasing steadily. The Company believes this trend will continue as more
and more powerful computing takes place at the desktop, and the increasing
globalization of enterprise activities results in users becoming less sensitive
to distance considerations and more used to sharing data between geographically
remote locations. N.E.T. has developed internetworking capabilities which
operate within the IDNX products to facilitate access to the WAN for LAN
traffic. As technology continues to evolve, the differences between LANs and
WANs are rapidly dissipating. The evolution of products incorporating technology
that facilitates
3
<PAGE> 4
this incipient merging of WANs and LANs is expected in the 1990s to
significantly affect how enterprises structure and implement their
communications networks and, therefore, to dramatically affect the markets in
which N.E.T. competes.
A cell relay-based technology -- Asynchronous Transfer Mode
("ATM") -- offers the ability to provide architectural consistency across the
boundaries of LANs and WANs. ATM technology is increasingly viewed as the
fundamental networking technology of the future. As a result, the evolution and
implementation of ATM technology and standards related to that technology are
expected to affect the success of future networking products offered by N.E.T.
and its competitors. N.E.T. plans to integrate ATM technology into its core
product offerings and into its next generation products, thereby providing a
seamless enterprise network. The Company has developed an ATM switch for the
embryonic ATM LAN backbone marketplace, and is working on ATM WAN systems for
next generation backbone networks. Using ATM, N.E.T.'s enterprise networks reach
beyond the wide-area to include campus networking.
Carriers are beginning to offer new high bandwidth switched
services -- often provided on an as-needed or "dial-up basis". These dial-up
services are creating a demand for network devices to intelligently use and
manage these switched services in conjunction with private enterprise
networks -- referred to as providing "bandwidth-on-demand". The availability of
such services has blurred the line between public and private networks, making
hybrid networking (a mix of public and private solutions) more common. In
response to this demand, N.E.T. has developed a module which provides
bandwidth-on-demand functionality within the IDNX CRM, using Integrated Services
Digital Network ("ISDN") technology.
In short, the explosion of communications technology and capacity, coupled
with creative utilization of that technology by competitors and users, has
dramatically increased the complexity of the markets in which N.E.T. competes.
The Company does not anticipate that this increasing complexity will abate
anytime in the foreseeable future.
In addition, there is an increasing demand on the part of customers for
"outsourcing" portions of their private networks. This means they are asking
carriers and others to provide both transmission services and the acquisition
and management of the equipment that interfaces to those transmission services.
As a result, carriers are playing a larger and larger role in the industry, as
they expand to provide enterprise network solutions which were previously
handled "internally" by enterprises. This expansion of carrier responsibility
into areas of the market where N.E.T. has traditionally been active has resulted
in N.E.T. working more closely with carriers as a variety of joint opportunities
emerge.
During the last decade, competition has steadily increased as the
networking marketing has grown and the importance of networking to end-user
client organizations has increased. While several companies have failed or been
merged, many new entrants have taken their place and, like N.E.T., existing
companies have expanded their offerings. As a result, N.E.T. feels that the
industry today is more competitive than ever (see "Competition" below).
COMPANY STRATEGY
Recently N.E.T. has chosen to focus on two strategic markets, where the
Company has experienced success to date, and believes there are continuing
opportunities in the future. The Company has targeted enterprise networks for
information-intensive organizations and multinational VAN service providers
worldwide. The Company's strategy is to focus its products, support and
distribution capabilities to address the needs of these specific market
segments. Products designed for these markets will be the primary focus for
research and development ("R&D") resources. The Company, however, does see
opportunities in a few distinct tactical markets, and a review of development
priorities revealed that N.E.T.'s initiatives in these markets may benefit from
R&D funds spent on the more strategic markets. Therefore, the Company plans to
manage the handful of currently identified tactical markets by leveraging
existing products and planned development.
The Company's sales strategy has been to reach the top 1,000 communications
users worldwide by employing a highly trained direct sales force in the US and
the UK, as well as leveraging sales through
4
<PAGE> 5
additional distribution channels worldwide. As part of the sales process, N.E.T.
or distributor personnel consult extensively with customers concerning their
network needs. Company personnel also provide support and training to customers
and distributors of the Company's products.
The Company believes that information-intensive organizations have a wide
range of communication requirements that determine their networking needs. For
example, these needs may range from handling very dense communications traffic
among relatively few locations, to handling less dense communications traffic at
many more locations further from the network's hubs, to managing the
interconnection of LANs to WANs. The Company believes that organizations beyond
the top 1,000 users represent an increasing percentage of the potential users of
its currently available and planned products, particularly those in the
broadband and access environments. As a result, the Company recognizes the need
to increasingly focus its products and its distribution capabilities on reaching
and meeting the needs of its current and potential customers. Failure to keep
pace with technological developments, marketing programs and distribution
capabilities of competitors would negatively affect the Company's performance.
The Company relies on distribution agreements with a number of partners,
outlined under "Marketing and Customers" below.
The Company's product and services strategy is to provide sophisticated
transmission, network management and connectivity applications and solutions.
N.E.T.'s core IDNX products provide transmission solutions aimed at T1, E1, T3
and E3 transmission elements of the network. Its access products (ADNXR/48TM,
SPXTM and IDNX/Micro 20 product lines) provide cost effective connectivity from
smaller locations with relatively lower capacity requirements. Members of the
STM family incorporate SONET switching matrices and are certified by AT&T for
compatibility with its Accunet T1.5, FT45 and T45 services. The STM product
family provides transmission management solutions targeted at T1, fractional T3
and T3 traffic running on metropolitan and wide-area transmission backbone
networks for major enterprises and cellular network providers. The Company's
network management products and services enhance operator visibility into
network conditions, permitting greater control and management of networks.
N.E.T.'s internetworking products enhance connectivity and interoperability
among devices that transmit information between LANs across WANs.
In 1992 N.E.T. introduced one of the industry's first commercially
available ATM products, the ATMXTM switch, to provide high capacity data
networking solutions for campus data backbones as well as for high performance
workgroups using workstations and servers. A key element in N.E.T.'s product
strategy is the use of ATM technology in the Company's next generation products.
ATM technology is a defined standard for cell switching, a form of fast packet
switching based on the use of short, fixed length packets called cells. The ATM
cell format was specified with the intent that ATM networks could simultaneously
accommodate the transmission of voice, video and data. Over the next ten years,
ATM technology is expected by the Company and industry analysts to become the
basis for the building of seamless enterprise networks. This technology will
support the bandwidth requirements of high performance desktop devices running
multimedia applications. It will also provide flexible allocation and
utilization of bandwidth for wide-area networks. Thus, ATM is the first
technology that offers a consistent network architecture for building worldwide
networks. N.E.T. has made significant investments in this technology in
anticipation of the development of LAN and WAN markets for ATM-based products.
The markets for ATM LAN backbones and ATM WANs in 1994 are both still embryonic
but growing. Major carriers are running pilot ATM projects across the wide-area,
and leading-edge enterprises and educational institutions are installing and
operating ATM test-beds, primarily for campus applications. The Company's sales
strategy is built in part around the need to provide a migration path which
allows existing clients to evolve their backbone networks to incorporate ATM
technology as appropriate in the future, while protecting their network
investment to date.
N.E.T. believes it must continue to focus its product lines to meet the
needs of its strategic markets. This may be done either through internal
development, the acquisition of technology or association with entities whose
technologies or product offerings complement its own. The Company has entered
into a number of agreements relating to the development, license or purchase of
technology to extend the reach and functionality of the Company's product lines
in areas such as SONET switching, T3 transmission, resource management
capability, LAN interoperability, SNA connectivity, network access products,
management applications and connectivity between private and public networks.
5
<PAGE> 6
A high level of continuing client support is integral to the Company's
strategy of providing long-term support and developing long-term relationships
with customers. See "Customer Service and Support" below. The Company's
strategic relationships involve links with equipment manufacturers and
resellers, global carriers and service providers in the enterprise and carrier
arenas worldwide. Objectives of these relationships vary, ranging from
technology licensing agreements, to joint product development plans and sales
and marketing programs. See "Marketing and Customers" below.
PRODUCTS
The Company has a single Engineering and Manufacturing organization
responsible for all the Company's products. These products are described below
in product line groupings.
IDNX Communications Resource Managers. The IDNX product family combines
multiplexing, routing and network management functions and is designed to allow
the largest users of voice and data communications to achieve the full potential
from wide-area networks in a highly cost-effective manner. IDNX CRMs, located at
the communication-intensive sites of N.E.T.'s customers, manage voice, data,
image and video transmissions over multi-vendor equipment used by the customer.
These CRMs operate regardless of the type of transmission line used or the
carrier from which the line is obtained. For example, a line could be fiber,
coaxial cable, microwave or satellite, and this line could be provided by an
Inter-Exchange Carrier ("IXC"), RBOC, or other common carrier.
The IDNX CRM, also referred to as a "node", interfaces with the customer's
equipment (for example, computers, private branch exchanges or "PBXs" and video
devices) and dedicated transmission lines or "trunks" connected to other
customer facilities or to various public communications services. IDNX-based
networks can be configured and automatically reconfigured in a wide variety of
complex network topologies (connection patterns) including point-to-point, ring,
star and fully interconnected mesh to accommodate the user's evolving
requirements. Multiple IDNX nodes can be installed at a single customer site to
provide additional capacity.
The IDNX product line currently consists of five functionally similar and
compatible CRM models that support a range of voice and data applications and
capacities:
- The IDNX/90 is N.E.T.'s largest and most powerful and expandable CRM. It
manages communications at T3/E3, T1/E1 and lower transmission speeds. The
IDNX/90 serves as the IDNX platform for high speed applications requiring
multi-megabit per second transmission rates.
- The IDNX/70 is an expandable CRM that manages communications at T1/E1 and
lower speeds, with a total capacity of up to 128 slots and 256 Mbps,
sufficient to support up to 96 trunks.
- The IDNX/20 is a smaller CRM that manages communications at T1/E1 and
lower speeds, with a total capacity of up to 24 slots and 32 Mbps,
sufficient to support up to 15 trunks.
- The IDNX/20S is an 8 slot CRM, available in a number of pre-defined
options with the possibility of adding additional modules in an extra
12-slot shelf. This is a low cost backbone extension device and can be
used for building even smaller wide-area networks, with a total capacity
of up to 20 slots and 32 Mbps.
- The IDNX/Micro 20 is the newest and smallest member of this family, which
has been designed as an Integrated Access Multiplexer. It can also be
used by smaller organizations for building low-cost networks that provide
the functionality and support for business applications found in the
larger, more expensive networks.
Each of these models can be configured to handle different numbers of
digital trunk lines between nodes and to provide different functions and
interfaces. Unlike most time division multiplexing bandwidth managers, N.E.T.'s
IDNX CRM models use efficient bandwidth allocation algorithms, assigning
bandwidth only as necessary to accommodate specific user requirements, rather
than wasting valuable bandwidth by allocating it in predetermined segments.
6
<PAGE> 7
IDNX Packet-Over-Circuit Products. N.E.T. offers products in the form of
hardware modules with appropriate software code, which can be installed in the
IDNX CRM platform and enable packet-traffic as well as circuit-traffic to be
managed in the most efficient way. This family of modules, known as the Packet
Exchange ("PX") family, provides support for internetworking activities and
switched services. There are three main product types, each of which has a range
of performance capabilities which vary according to PX hardware platforms and
software releases:
- The LAN/WAN ExchangeTM ("LWX") is an integrated packet-switching module
that resides within the IDNX CRM. When installed with the appropriate
software, the LWX module provides multiprotocol routing with concurrent
bridging support to interconnect geographically dispersed LANs over a
WAN. It enhances connectivity among devices that transmit information LAN
to WAN and LAN to LAN, and supports connections to local Ethernet or
Token Ring interfaces, as well as remote LWX modules, standalone routers,
packet-switching services or IBM controllers. It is designed to support
multiple LAN communication routing protocols and to allow bridging among
LANs based on the Ethernet/IEEE 802.3, as well as among LANs based on the
Token Ring/IEEE 802.5 standards. The LWX was the first packet switching
product to be integrated into the IDNX product line. It incorporates
software licensed to N.E.T. by Cisco Systems.
- The Frame Relay ExchangeTM ("FRXTM") is a frame relay switching node that
resides within the IDNX CRM. When installed with the appropriate
software, the FRX DCE interface provides frame relay access to bridges,
routers (including the LWX), front-end processors, or other devices that
support the frame relay DTE interface. In this way, the FRX allows the
integration of traffic from many different sources onto a consolidated
frame relay backbone, and provides an efficient, effective transport
mechanism for a variety of traffic types. The FRX DTE interface is
designed for connection to public frame relay networks, which in some
cases appears to provide an interim step for clients who are considering
moving their traffic onto public ATM services in the future.
- The Integrated Services Digital Network ExchangeTM ("ISDNXTM") is an ISDN
server module that resides within the IDNX CRM. It supports ISDN circuit
switching and routing capabilities and enables a variety of customer
premise equipment ("CPE") devices, such as PBXs, video codecs, routers
and front-end processors to connect to the IDNX CRM via an
industry-standard Primary Rate Interface ("PRI"). The signaling
capabilities of the ISDNX provide an intelligent connection between the
IDNX CRM and the CPE. This signaling connection enables an enterprise
IDNX network to function as an Enterprise ISDN, offering ISDN services to
the attached ISDN CPE. This means that bandwidth can be assigned as
needed to voice, data, image and video traffic. The ISDNX module thus
implements Dynamic Switched Bandwidth On Demand, within the domain of
existing IDNX networks. This changes the enterprise network environment
dramatically, introducing flexibility for network connections, and
allowing the use of ISDN functions independent of the ISDN services
available from public carriers.
FrameXpress. This family of scalable, standards-based products is designed
to provide frame relay solutions ranging from high-speed backbone switching to
remote standalone access. The FrameXpress platform uses the same data and
internetworking modules as N.E.T.'s family of IDNX Communications Resource
Managers, providing a growth path for future applications, as well as a
migration path to ATM as N.E.T.'s products evolve to use this technology.
FrameXpress products can help to increase network efficiency and simplify
network management by consolidating SNA and LAN traffic over a single frame
relay network. The FrameXpress can also reduce communications costs and simplify
traditional router networks by allowing multiple network devices to share a
common WAN interface. FrameXpress network management systems include accounting
features which facilitate usage-based billing for frame relay networks.
Members of the FrameXpress family are compatible with public and private
frame relay network standards, and the integral routing and bridging
capabilities allow use of these products both as integrated routers and frame
switches. The FrameXpress platform can also carry non-frame relay traffic, such
as voice and video, when optioned with additional interface modules.
7
<PAGE> 8
Currently there are three members of the FrameXpress family:
- The FrameXpress 4000 is N.E.T.'s largest and most powerful FrameXpress
node. It is designed for use in backbone sites or as a frame relay hub
site, handles trunking speeds up to T3/E3 rates, and supports up to 256
frame relay ports.
- The FrameXpress 2000 is designed for use in regional or hub sites that
require frame relay connectivity and supports up to 128 frame relay
ports.
- The FrameXpress 1000 extends the benefits of network traffic
consolidation and bandwidth efficiencies to smaller sites and supports up
to 24 frame relay ports.
The FrameXpress nodes include Simple Network Management Protocol ("SNMP")
agents and can be managed by a single management station that provides central,
local and remote management. There are two network management tools available:
- The FrameXpress Node Manager is a graphical management tool that enables
network managers to remotely review network events and make network
modifications. When used with the latest FrameXpress software, simple
point-and-click access is provided to forms-based network queries.
- The FrameXpress Accountant is a tool that gathers and stores information
about network usage. This data can be accessed to support activities
involving detailed traffic analysis, such as billing and capacity
planning.
IDNX Network Management Products and Services. N.E.T. offers a range of
network management products as well as service and support arrangements. The
Company's network management products enhance a customer's ability to control
and monitor its network and to diagnose and respond to changes or failures in
equipment and transmission resources in the network. Network management products
are designed to allow organizations to increase the productivity and
responsiveness of their network and of their telecommunications staff, thereby
increasing efficiency and reducing cost.
N.E.T. has three main network management products for IDNX backbones:
- The NetOpenTM 5000 network management system is a multi-user monitoring
and control system for the IDNX CRM and integral applications modules
such as the LWX, FRX and ISDNX. The user interface presents color graphic
representations of the network topology and network elements. The NetOpen
5000 System provides real-time monitoring, control and management of IDNX
networks and allows the monitoring of certain internetworking and access
products.
- The NetOpen/Circuit Manager gives a telecommunications department the
ability to partition the N.E.T.-managed physical backbone network into
multiple, independent virtual networks. Software partitioning allows
multiple groups to independently use such a single, enterprise-wide
physical network, providing greater economies of scale than many small
networks.
- The Expert Fault Management System ("EFMS") is a software application
which may operate co-resident and concurrent with the NetOpen 5000
network management system. EFMS uses expert systems technology to
automatically monitor IDNX network activity and to detect problems in
transmission lines, IDNX equipment and channel service units in the
network. EFMS automatically performs diagnostic procedures to determine
the source of detected problems, makes repair recommendations and creates
a record of the foregoing.
STM Broadband Network Switches. The STM broadband network switch is
designed to provide advanced networking functionality for broadband
communications. The STM node provides fast switching of wideband and broadband
circuits utilizing a low delay SONET switching matrix. With its broadband
switching capacity, intelligent networking, inverse multiplexing and compliance
with carrier services, the STM is designed to accommodate hybrid public/private
networking. The STM provides high service availability and simplifies network
management and operation through end-to-end connection management and dynamic
connection reroute and restoration. A network based on the STM switch provides
an effective, reliable and
8
<PAGE> 9
flexible wide-area communications infrastructure capable of supporting mainframe
channel extension, high speed router, CAD/CAM and other applications requiring
high capacity transport. An STM network can also integrate traffic from T1 based
devices, including videos, PBXs, routers and T1 multiplexers. Connectivity is
provided via several different interfaces. Information-intensive enterprises and
carriers are using STM networks for regional and wide-area backbone networks.
The basic building block of the SONET hierarchy, at a data rate of 51.480
Mbps, is the Synchronous Transport Signal level 1 ("STS-1"). Each STS-1 supports
traffic from a single T3, or from 28 T1s. There are five members of the STM
family, with switching capacity rated in number of STS-1s:
- The STM/E26 is the largest of N.E.T.'s STM family and was introduced in
the spring of 1994. The STM/E26 has a switching capacity of up to 26
STS-1s, to support the broadband communications requirements of the
largest sites.
- The STM/E18 (formerly known as the "STM/18") was the first member of this
family, introduced in the fall of 1991. It has a switching capacity of up
to 18 STS-1s, and is designed to meet the broadband communications
requirements of larger sites.
- The STM/E12 was introduced in the spring of 1994 and has a switching
capacity of up to 12 STS-1s.
- The STM/S8 (formerly known as the "STM/S") was introduced early in 1993
as a solution for smaller sites. It has the same features as the larger
STM and has a switching capacity of 8 STS-1s.
- The STM/S12 was introduced in the spring of 1994 as an alternative
solution for smaller sites, with a switching capacity of 12 STS-1s.
An STM network can be managed using the following network management
systems:
- The Node Operations Console ("NOC") allows configuration, control and
monitoring of all STM network nodes. The NOC system provides monitoring,
reporting and control capabilities using a simple windowing user
interface with pull-down menus and preset forms. NOC software runs on low
end SUN/SPARC workstations.
- The Broadband Operations System ("BOS") provides a color graphical
representation of STM nodes and the STM network. The views provide a
dynamic, graphical representation of object states, view icons and LED
symbols that change color to reflect alarm conditions. The graphical
views simplify frequently used network operations tasks: for example,
many of the reports which are accessible using commands on NOC, are
quickly available using pop-up menus on BOS.
SPX Statistical Multiplexers. The Company's SPX multiplexers provide low
capacity networking for independent low to medium volume data networks with an
upgrade path to higher capacity and functionality.
- The Series 2000 and SPX lines of statistical multiplexers interconnect
multiple sites that require asynchronous data communication. The SPX
intelligent multiplexers include the 400 series of products, which
provide TCP/IP and DEC LAT local-area network connectivity to an SPX
network. N.E.T. also manufactures and markets modems and various other
data switches and data communications equipment accessories. The SPX
access multiplexer with FramelinkTM frame relay software provides DTE
access to either a public or private frame relay wide-area network. This
means that the SPX can link both Asynchronous and Synchronous
terminal/host traffic as well as bridge Ethernet LANs over a Frame Relay
WAN, thus providing cost-effective access from remote sites.
- The SPX/SITM Software Interface allows direct connection through Ethernet
between a Digital Equipment Corporation host computer and a widearea
network based on the SPX product line.
ADNX/48. The ADNX/48 Integrated Access Multiplexer is based on Intelligent
Channel Bank ("ICB") technology. It provides up to 24 voice and data interfaces,
multiplexes those circuits into one or two T1 or fractional-T1 trunks and
supports hybrid networking in the United States. Recently a bridge/router
module -- the LAN/WAN Router ("LWR") -- was introduced. This allows customers to
use the
9
<PAGE> 10
ADNX/48 Integrated Access Multiplexer to combine LAN traffic with voice,
synchronous data and video over a single T1 or fractional-T1 cost-effectively.
- The NetOpen/AMS-II management product monitors and controls the ADNX/48
product. The AMS-II is able to operate on its own workstation for small
ADNX/48-only networks, or co-resident with the NetOpen 5000 for networks
containing both IDNX and ADNX/48 equipment.
ATM Products. The Company has made a substantial investment in ATM
technology and products. The first ATM product, the ATMX switch, is a high
performance ATM LAN switch and was introduced in 1992. The ATMX provides 1.2
Gbps backplane switching capacity and can support up to ninety 100 Mbps full
duplex fiber optic ports. The ATMX has primarily been used in trials rather than
in applications with large revenue potential. While the Company continues to
invest significant resources in ATM product development related to the next
generation of products incorporating ATM technology, current ATMX inventory was
written-off in fiscal year 1994.
The current ATM software operating on the ATM switch contains several
features: LAN emulators, Virtual LAN capability and congestion control. LAN
emulation allows existing LAN applications and protocols to operate
transparently over an ATM network. Virtual LAN capability ("VLAN") allows users
to build LANs that require no physical segmentation -- LANs can be logically
segmented by user group rather than physically by geography. Hardware moves,
adds, and changes in the network are automated, significantly reducing the cost
of network management. Congestion control is an important element in high
end-to-end performance for client server applications. N.E.T.'s ATM software
features a congestion management system to control the transmission from
end-stations. The Broadband Operating System ("BOS") provides a graphical, SNMP
based network management system for the ATMX switch. Current ATM development
efforts, a portion of which are being funded under an agreement with Ericsson
Business Networks AB of Sweden, are directed toward products that will address
the needs of enterprise network and VAN customers and prospects.
The commercial availability of all of the Company's products and services
in a timely manner and their acceptance by customers are important to the future
success of the Company. There can be no assurance that customer acceptance of
products and services will be achieved or maintained. Substantial delays in such
availability or acceptance would materially and adversely affect the Company's
operating results and financial condition.
MARKETING AND CUSTOMERS
Marketing and Distribution Strategy. As noted above, N.E.T.'s marketing
strategy has been to focus on organizations with extensive voice, data, image
and video communications needs. These organizations include banks and other
financial institutions, airlines, retail chains, manufacturers and government
agencies. N.E.T. markets products by means of its own direct sales organization
and distributors domestically and in the United Kingdom, and through
distributors overseas, often with support from N.E.T. personnel. Although these
channels and their distribution capabilities are extensive, their levels of
sales activity and knowledge of N.E.T. products vary widely over time and on a
geographic basis. In addition, the Company faces distribution challenges for its
next generation products which could impact the Company's ability to leverage
its products as they are introduced, and could negatively affect the Company's
performance. N.E.T. has subsidiaries which focus on sales to the US government
(N.E.T. Federal, Inc.), and the European market (N.E.T. Europe Limited and
N.E.T. Europe SA). Increasingly, the Company has been supplying its products to
carriers and systems integrators as prospective customers turn to them to
provide network services and management.
Sales to the US Government. N.E.T.'s wholly owned subsidiary, N.E.T.
Federal, Inc., markets the Company's products to United States governmental
entities both directly and through collaborative government contracting and
subcontracting arrangements. It has entered into several contracts under which
it provides its products and services to various government agencies (the
"Government Contracts"). The Government Contracts are for varying periods, but
most may be terminated by such government agencies at their convenience or at
annual intervals. In fiscal 1994, 1993, and 1992, sales to the US Government
accounted for 28%, 24%, and 15%, respectively, of N.E.T.'s revenue. These
amounts include sales, which
10
<PAGE> 11
amounted to 20%, 17% and 7% of revenue for fiscal years 1994, 1993 and 1992,
respectively, under a contract with the Department of Defense under which
various government agencies (to date, primarily the Air Force) can order
products, installation and service from N.E.T.
Relationship with IBM. N.E.T. entered into an agreement with International
Business Machines Corporation ("IBM") in June 1987 (the "IBM Agreement").
Pursuant to the IBM Agreement, as amended, IBM has non-exclusive, worldwide
marketing, installation and service rights for current and future releases of
N.E.T.'s IDNX and ADNX products and certain related products. IBM also resells
STM products in the US. IBM has been marketing N.E.T.'s products under the
N.E.T. label, but pursuant to the IBM Agreement it has the right to market such
products under the IBM label at any time. In addition, pursuant to the IBM
Agreement, IBM has provided funding and has licensed technology for N.E.T.'s use
in future product development. Under the IBM Agreement and other agreements, IBM
licensed to N.E.T. several of its technologies, including Advanced-Peer-to-Peer
Networking ("APPN"), Data Link Switching, Split-Bridge Routing and Token Ring
Network Bridge Program technology and IBM LAN Network Manager Agents. IBM and
N.E.T. also have engaged in coordinated development to enhance the integration
of IDNX products into the IBM NetViewTM environment. IBM is not obligated to
purchase any products under the IBM Agreement. The IBM Agreement had an initial
term of five years. It has been extended until June 11, 1996 and may be renewed
for three additional consecutive one year terms. IBM may terminate the IBM
Agreement upon six months notice and payment of certain sums to N.E.T. IBM may
at any time cancel orders it has placed pursuant to the IBM Agreement subject to
payment of certain sums to N.E.T. and may sell competing products. IBM is also
an end-user customer for N.E.T.'s products under the IBM Agreement. In fiscal
1994, 1993, and 1992 IBM accounted for 11%, 15%, and 20%, respectively, of
N.E.T.'s revenue.
No other single customer account was responsible for ten percent or more of
revenue during fiscal 1992, 1993, or 1994.
International Sales. N.E.T. has established subsidiaries in the United
Kingdom (N.E.T. Europe Limited) and France (N.E.T. Europe SA), with sales
offices in other European countries, through which it markets and supports its
products to the regions of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The Company also
markets and supports its products from offices in the US to the regions of Asia
Pacific and Latin America. International sales represented 22%, 25% and 22% of
the Company's revenue in fiscal 1994, 1993 and 1992, respectively. Government
ownership or control of the telecommunications industries and regulatory
standards in some foreign countries could be a substantial barrier to the
introduction of CRM products for use in private or hybrid networks in such
countries. Financial information about foreign operations and export sales is
discussed in the Segment Information footnote in the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements in the Company's 1994 Annual Report filed as Exhibit 13.1
to this report on page 25.
Relationship with Ericsson. In December 1989, the Company entered into a
systems integration and distribution agreement with Ericsson Business Networks
AB of Sweden ("Ericsson"). Under this agreement, as amended, Ericsson has the
non-exclusive right to purchase, resell, distribute and license the Company's
IDNX products and network management software worldwide. Ericsson is responsible
for providing all service and support for the N.E.T. Products marketed by it.
Under the agreement, the Company and Ericsson also have a development committee
to coordinate product development. The Company also appointed certain Ericsson
affiliates as non-exclusive distributors of the Company's products. In addition,
in July 1993, Ericsson and N.E.T. signed a cooperative agreement for the
development and sale of next generation ATM products for enterprise networks.
Under this agreement, as modified, Ericsson and N.E.T. will jointly fund the
development of enterprise switching equipment, allowing both companies to offer
broad solutions to enterprise networking, as well as to use N.E.T.'s ATM
technology in the development of future products.
The Company also has entered into distribution and technology agreements
with many other companies, including Mitsui & Co. Ltd. in Japan and Datacraft
Asia.
The Company's relationships with carriers further expand the availability
of N.E.T. products, and include joint marketing agreements with both AT&T and
MCI, and a systems integration agreement with Bell Atlantic Network Integration.
The Company's products are offered by other carriers around the world, such as
US West and Southwestern Bell in the US, and France Telecom, Telia and
TeleDanmark in Europe.
11
<PAGE> 12
In recent years the Company has experienced decreases in first quarter
revenues versus the preceding fourth quarter and this trend is expected to
continue. Historically, the majority of the Company's revenues in each quarter
results from orders received and shipped in that quarter, and a significant
proportion of such revenues result from orders received and shipped in the last
month of the quarter. Because of these ordering patterns and potential delivery
schedule changes, the Company does not believe that backlog is indicative of
future revenue levels. For further information, please refer to "Business
Environment and Risk Factors" in "Management's Discussion and Analysis" on page
17 the Company's 1994 Annual Report.
CUSTOMER SERVICE AND SUPPORT
A high level of continuing customer service is integral to the Company's
strategy of providing long-term support and developing long-term relationships
with customers. N.E.T. trains customer personnel to operate its products and, in
some cases, to perform routine maintenance and repair of these systems. Service
at customers' facilities may be handled either by N.E.T. personnel operating out
of N.E.T.'s service locations or by IBM, Ericsson, other distributors or
third-party service organizations who are trained by and under contract with
N.E.T. Customers may choose from among various maintenance plans and agreements.
Customers can have access to one of N.E.T.'s three Technical Assistance Centers,
two of which are located in the United States and one is located in the United
Kingdom. Technical assistance is fee-based, staffed year round and available 24
hours a day. N.E.T. products are generally sold with limited warranties on
equipment and software ranging in length from 90 days to one year, which when
sold by N.E.T. to end users generally commence upon completion of installation
or acceptance. Certain products have different warranty periods and conditions.
A significant amount of the Company's revenues and profits are generated by its
service and support offerings. There can be no assurance that customer
acceptance of such current and future offerings will be maintained or achieved.
If it is not, the Company's operating results could be materially and adversely
affected.
COMPETITION
Around the world, the communications industry has experienced unprecedented
growth and increasing complexity during the past decade. The segments of the
communications industry in which the Company competes have also grown and become
more complex. These segments are intensely competitive and characterized by
advances in technology that frequently result in the introduction of new
products and services with improved performance characteristics. Many of the
Company's competitors and potential competitors, foreign and domestic, have more
extensive engineering, manufacturing and marketing capabilities and greater
financial, technological and personnel resources than those of N.E.T. The
Company believes that the principal competitive factors in its markets are
product features, distribution capabilities, quality and reliability, reputation
and long-term prospects, service and support, and price. The Company believes
that it currently competes favorably with respect to many of these factors.
Failure to keep pace with technological advances or other competitive factors
would adversely affect the Company's competitive position and could adversely
affect N.E.T.'s future revenue levels and operating results.
In an industry of increasing complexity, with niche markets proliferating
year after year, the Company has focused its competitive strategy to leverage
its core competencies. Its focus is predominantly on two strategic markets:
enterprise backbone networks (including campus and wide-area network
applications) and multinational Value-Added Networks. N.E.T. has further
redirected its ATM product strategy to align with its traditional enterprise
networking strengths. In addition, the Company has products that address a
number of tactical markets, such as the STM for cellular networks in the US, the
SPX for low-end networking worldwide, and the ADNX/48 for the US channel bank
marketplace -- each a source of revenue or potential leverage.
N.E.T. encounters significant competition in strategic and tactical markets
in the provision of complex enterprise network products and services from both
direct and indirect competitors.
12
<PAGE> 13
Direct Competition. Direct competitors are other communications equipment
vendors, both large and small. Some of these sell directly competitive products;
others sell products which provide similar functionality but in a different
manner.
For example, high-end TDMs which compete directly with N.E.T.'s IDNX CRMs
are available from WAN communications equipment vendors such as Ascom Timeplex,
General DataComm and Newbridge Networks. Similar functionality is also provided
by companies who have chosen a different product architecture. For instance,
bandwidth management products based on packet or frame switching platforms are
provided by WAN communications equipment vendors such as Cascade Communications,
StrataCom and Netrix. These companies offer, or have stated that they intend to
offer, products with some capabilities similar to those of some N.E.T. products
and offer a range of multiplexing and network management products marketed to
the organizations targeted by N.E.T.
A relatively larger number of companies have products addressing low-end
networking and network access market requirements served by certain of N.E.T.'s
low-end IDNX, ADNX and SPX products. For example, the T1 network access market
focuses on branch-office connectivity, and competition arises from a number of
different types of vendors. Many potential users of high-end equipment are
expanding, or intend to expand, installed networks beyond the
central-sites -- now internetworking vendors, intelligent hub manufacturers and
WAN communications equipment suppliers sometimes join the traditional suppliers
of access devices to compete for sales of integrated access products.
Data traffic has become an increasingly larger component of corporate
networking, and in turn as more and more data traffic originates on LANs,
internetworking solutions have become an alternative to the Company's CRM
solutions. Router vendors, such as Cisco Systems and Wellfleet Communications
sometimes compete for the same business as the Company's IDNX, ADNX and
internetworking products. The Company encounters significant competition with
respect to price and features from these companies, in accounts where the
proportion of LAN-originating data traffic is high compared to other traffic
types (e.g. voice, synchronous data) on the enterprise network.
In addition, the Company's broadband (STM and high-end IDNX) products face
competition from makers of equipment designed for high-capacity private
networks, such as Ascom Timeplex, Newbridge Networks, T3plus Networking and
Tellabs. Some carriers also offer applications solutions in the form of
broadband equipment provided by other competitors or manufactured by the
carriers.
As the market for products implementing ATM technology evolves it is
expected that the Company's ATM product line will face significant competition.
In the WAN segment of the ATM marketplace, the Company expects to continue its
historic competition with WAN communications equipment vendors such as Ascom
Timeplex, General DataComm and Newbridge Networks as well as Cascade
Communications, StrataCom and Netrix. Although there are numerous companies
offering ATM LAN products, the Company does not expect to compete directly with
the majority of these. For example, N.E.T. does not expect to compete directly
with intelligent hub vendors such as 3Com, Cabletron Systems, IBM/Chipcom,
SynOptics, and Ungermann-Bass, nor with the router vendors such as Cisco Systems
and Wellfleet in their traditional/ historic markets. However, N.E.T. does
expect to compete with these companies, in addition to other vendors of ATM LAN
switches such as Fore Systems and Hughes LAN Systems, to the extent their
offerings address the same markets as the Company's products and services.
Indirect Competition. Indirect competitors include the carriers, systems
integrators and outsourcers who offer alternative solutions to enterprise
backbone networks owned and managed by corporations and agencies. In some cases,
the competing solution may take the form of a combination of service, rather
than product, offerings; in others the emphasis may be on the provision of
day-to-day management of an enterprise network on behalf of the end-user
organization. N.E.T. sometimes competes with carriers such as AT&T, MCI, British
Telecom and other telephone companies, many of whom are also partners with, and
in some cases customers of, N.E.T. -- see above under "Marketing and Customers"
for details.
A growing number of carriers are joining forces to provide Value-Added
Network services, which compete with enterprise-owned backbone networks.
However, a number of the VAN service providers such as
13
<PAGE> 14
AT&T Business Communications Services, Eunetcom, Infonet Services and Sprint
International are N.E.T. customers. The Company believes that it is in a
favorable position to provide equipment to VANs. Therefore, one element of the
Company's strategy focuses on supplying equipment and services to multinational
VAN service providers. Some systems integrators such as EDS and Perot Systems
and outsourcers such as Advantis (a subsidiary of IBM and Sears) and BT
Syncordia (a subsidiary of British Telecom) also use N.E.T. equipment to
facilitate their business offerings, as well as sometimes competing indirectly
with the Company by providing alternative solutions for enterprise networking
issues.
Private and hybrid WANs, utilizing CRMs, and leased T1, T3 or other
capacity lines, can serve as a substitute for certain carrier network offerings,
including Software Defined Networks ("SDN"), and virtual private network
offerings of AT&T, the RBOCs and other carriers. N.E.T. therefore competes with
AT&T in certain of its offerings, and with similar offerings of other carriers.
Most of these carriers have substantially greater marketing resources and
customer recognition than the Company. Changes in regulatory policies and taxes
may affect the relative cost-effectiveness of using private networks as compared
to common carrier offerings which could significantly affect or enhance the
ability of the common carriers to compete with N.E.T.
The importance of frame relay for data transport across the enterprise
network, and the number of subscribers to frame relay services, are increasing.
N.E.T. provides frame relay solutions which allow users to build private or
hybrid frame relay networks, which are compatible with carrier offerings, and
enable users to take advantage of carrier services to consolidate LAN and legacy
data into, and along with, frame relay traffic. The Company's solutions
sometimes compete directly with carrier public frame relay services -- for
example, where the customer premise traffic is provided in frame relay format,
and has no conversion or consolidation requirement for legacy or LAN data, the
frame relay traffic can use carrier public frame relay services directly. Some
of the carriers offering frame relay services do so from N.E.T. frame relay
product platforms, but this is not the case in general.
N.E.T. expects to be in a similar position with respect to the use of ATM
for enterprise networks: enabling the construction of private or hybrid networks
which comply with, and enable users to leverage the benefits of, carriers'
public ATM services, while sometimes competing with carriers' public ATM
services.
As discussed below under "Government Regulation", the RBOCs are currently
prohibited by the AT&T divestiture decree from manufacturing telecommunications
equipment or customer premises equipment.
IBM is not prohibited by the IBM Agreement from manufacturing, marketing or
servicing products that compete directly with N.E.T.'s IDNX or other products.
If IBM announced the availability of such products, N.E.T.'s operating results
could be adversely affected. IBM also offers maintenance agreements for products
it distributes, which compete with those of the Company.
In summary, competition for sales of the Company's products involves a
number of factors in addition to price, such as quality, reliability,
flexibility for growth, reputation and long-term prospects, and service and
support. Competition from AT&T, the RBOCs, or other common carriers or service
providers or from other competitors as discussed above, could cause a severe
reduction in selling prices or volumes for CRMs and other communications
products or services, which would have a material adverse effect on the
Company's operating results and financial condition.
MANUFACTURING
N.E.T. manufactures IDNX, ADNX, SPX, STM, ATMX and certain other products
from components and assemblies designed to meet the Company's quality and
reliability requirements. Other products are manufactured by outside vendors. To
date, N.E.T. has not experienced any significant delays in the delivery of
material or products from either subcontractors or vendors. Some components,
assemblies, subassemblies and products are currently available only from a
single source. Although N.E.T. believes alternative sources or substitutes for
most of such components and products are available or could be developed if
necessary, any delay or difficulties in developing such alternatives or
substitutes could result in shipment delays and adversely affect operating
results. The N.E.T. manufacturing process consists of the production of
mechanical and
14
<PAGE> 15
electrical sub-assemblies as well as custom system assembly. N.E.T. uses custom
fabricated printed circuit boards and subassemblies, standard and custom
integrated circuits, custom power supplies and mechanical hardware purchased
from outside suppliers. Although certain relatively simple fabrication and
assembly processes are performed by subcontractors in the United States and East
Asia, testing at various stages of the manufacturing processes, and the final
assembly and testing are primarily performed at the Company's Redwood City,
California facilities.
The Company has initiated a Total Quality Management process and is
focusing efforts on enhancing the quality of products and services delivered to
customers worldwide. This includes activities to improve the quality of supplied
components and subassemblies and internal company processes. The Company has
adopted the ISO 9000 International Quality System and is now certified to the
ISO 9002 standard, and is working toward a goal of conforming to the ISO 9001
standard.
The Company has entered into software escrow arrangements and has granted
to certain customers manufacturing rights which are exercisable by the customer
in limited circumstances, such as upon material default by the Company of its
obligations under its agreement with such customers.
The Company seeks to maintain inventory in quantities sufficient to ship
product quickly (normally within 15 to 60 days) after receipt of order. Many of
N.E.T.'s customer agreements provide that delivery dates may be rescheduled or
orders cancelled, although in certain circumstances a charge may be assessed
upon rescheduling or cancellation. Because of this and other factors, including
the Company's generally short delivery cycle, as noted above, N.E.T. does not
believe that backlog at any specific time is indicative of actual revenues that
will be recognized in any succeeding period.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
N.E.T. engages in research and development ("R&D") to develop new products
and enhancements to existing products as technology permits and markets evolve.
N.E.T.'s development efforts are focused on N.E.T.'s two strategic market
segments -- enterprise backbones and multinational VANs worldwide. Other
tactical markets will also benefit from the R&D done for strategic segments,
because there is overlap in product requirements from market to market. Product
priorities include those intended to enable N.E.T. to occupy a leadership
position in ATM WAN solutions; to enhance the carrier-compatibility of certain
products; and to introduce product enhancements which meet the evolving
requirements of specific markets and distribution channels.
On a percentage of revenue basis, N.E.T. expects to invest in R&D more
heavily than the industry as a whole. Management believes that product and
technology leadership are keys to long-term success in an industry and market
that is evolving as rapidly as networking is today. N.E.T. believes that its
future operating results will depend on its ability to continue to enhance its
existing products and to develop and timely bring to market new products that
satisfactorily meet market needs. There can be no assurance that N.E.T.'s
product development efforts will result in commercially successful products,
that N.E.T.'s products will not be rendered obsolete by changing technology, or
that recently announced or available products will be successful.
Research and development expense increased by $1.5 million (5%) in fiscal
year 1994 to a total of $33.7 million, from $32.2 million in fiscal year 1993
and $28.5 million in fiscal year 1992. In addition, $2.7 million, $3.4 million
and $3.0 million in fiscal 1994, 1993 and 1992, respectively, of software
development costs were capitalized in accordance with FAS 86 and have since been
partially amortized or written-down to net realizable value. For further
information, please refer to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in
the Company's 1994 Annual Report. R&D expense as a percentage of revenue
decreased from 14.7% of revenue in fiscal year 1993 to 14.2% of revenue in
fiscal year 1994. Management plans to continue funding research and development
efforts at levels necessary to advance product programs. At the same time, it is
management's intention to increase the focus of these development efforts and
therefore keep research and development spending dollars at levels comparable
with fiscal 1994.
15
<PAGE> 16
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
Government regulatory policies are likely to continue to have a major
impact on N.E.T.'s business by affecting the availability of voice and data
communications services and equipment, the prices and terms of the competitive
offerings of AT&T and the other common carriers, and the ability of the RBOCs
directly to manufacture and market equipment and services that compete with
N.E.T.'s offerings (see "Competition" above).
The RBOCs are currently prohibited by the AT&T divestiture decree from
manufacturing telecommunications equipment or customer premises equipment. From
time to time, proposals have been made to the US Department of Justice, in
Congress and the courts to remove the decree restrictions. Legislative proposals
are currently being considered in Congress which would remove or substantially
modify the manufacturing restrictions. A bill that would allow the RBOCs to
engage in the design, development and fabrication of all types of
telecommunications equipment, including customer premises equipment, has in the
past, been passed by the United States Senate. N.E.T. is unable to predict the
outcome or the timing of any action on this subject. If any such proposal is
adopted, N.E.T. could be materially and adversely affected by being forced to
compete directly with the RBOC's.
In addition, N.E.T. customers usually purchase or lease transmission
facilities (such as T1/E1 and T3/E3 lines) from common carriers such as AT&T,
MCI, RBOCs, PTTs, PTOs or their affiliates. These carriers are subject to
varying degrees of public utility-type government regulation of the rates and
terms of their services. In the US, decisions at the federal and state level
have in some instances provided AT&T, the RBOCs, and other carriers with
increased flexibility in structuring and pricing their services. Changes in the
rates or terms of carrier-provided service and equipment offerings may affect
the demand for private network products and services, including those provided
by N.E.T. Similarly, regulatory policies of foreign governments may affect the
demand for and ability of N.E.T. to market its products outside the United
States. As an example, within the European Union ("EU") there is a telecom
authority which is requiring member country PTTs in Europe to adopt or offer
certain transmission services and behaviors. These changes might significantly
affect the demand for or useability of private or hybrid network solutions which
N.E.T. provides.
The FCC and foreign governments require that N.E.T.'s products comply with
certain rules and regulations, including technical rules designed to prevent
harm to the telephone network and avoid interference with radio-based
communications. The Company believes it complies with or is exempt from all
applicable rules and regulations with respect to the sale of its existing
products in the United States and in certain foreign countries. Failure to
comply with FCC or similar governmental requirements may result in installed
equipment being disconnected from common carrier-provided circuits. Any delays
in complying with FCC or foreign requirements with respect to future products
could delay their introduction or affect the Company's ability to produce and
market its products. Sales to the US Government are subject to compliance with
applicable regulations (e.g., Federal Acquisition Regulations).
PATENTS AND LICENSES
N.E.T. has obtained patents on inventions relating to its products and has
applied for others. Issued patents in the US expire on dates ranging from
December 7, 2004 to September 13, 2010 and in foreign countries, they expire
from December 1, 2004 to December 4, 2010. While possession of patents and
copyrights could impede other companies from introducing products competitive
with the Company's products, N.E.T. believes that its success does not depend
primarily on the ownership of intellectual property rights, but primarily on its
innovative skills, technical competence and marketing abilities and,
accordingly, that patents, copyrights and trade secrets will not constitute an
assurance of N.E.T.'s future success.
Pursuant to the IBM Agreement, IBM received a royalty-free license to
certain present and future N.E.T. patents. In addition, the Company has entered
into a patent cross-license agreement with AT&T covering certain of AT&T's and
the Company's patents. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company made a $3 million
initial payment to AT&T in fiscal 1992, which amount has been capitalized and is
being amortized over the life of the agreement, and has made additional payments
that were not material. Certain additional
16
<PAGE> 17
amounts, which are not expected to be material, may be payable through March
1995, at which time the agreement expires.
Because of the existence of a large number of third-party patents in the
telecommunications field and the rapid rate of issuance of new patents, some of
the Company's products, or the use thereof, could infringe third-party patents.
Allegations of such infringement have been made in the past, and additional
allegations may be made in the future. If any such infringement exists, the
Company believes that, based upon historical industry practice, it or its
customers should be able to obtain any necessary licenses or rights under such
patents on terms which would not be materially adverse to the Company. However,
there can be no assurance in this regard.
The Company regards elements of its software and engineering as proprietary
and relies upon non-disclosure obligations, copyright laws and software
licensing agreements for protection. Despite these restrictions, it is possible
that competitors may obtain information that N.E.T. regards as proprietary. Some
of the technology incorporated in certain of the Company's products is licensed
from third parties. In the event of termination or expiration of the licensing
agreements for such technology, the Company's ability to market those products
and our results could be adversely affected.
EMPLOYEES
As of March 31, 1994, the Company had 1,164 employees. Of the Company's
total employees, 153 were in Finance and Administration, 240 were in Engineering
and Research and Development, 204 were in Field Service and Training, 130 were
in Marketing, 263 were in Sales and 174 were in Manufacturing and Quality
Assurance. None of the Company's domestic employees are represented by a
collective bargaining agreement. The Company's French employees are governed by
a national collective bargaining agreement applicable to all employers and
employees in its industry. The Company has never experienced any work stoppage.
The Company believes that its employee relations are good.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
N.E.T. leases approximately 315,000 square feet of office, research and
development and manufacturing space in a modern industrial park in Redwood City,
California. The majority of N.E.T.'s space, 287,000 square feet, is leased until
October 1998. The balance, approximately 28,000 square feet, is under a lease
that expires in March 1995. N.E.T. also leases sales and service offices at
numerous locations throughout the United States, France, and the United Kingdom.
The Company believes that its facilities are, in all material respects,
suitable, and adequate for its presently anticipated needs.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company is not aware of any material legal proceedings pending or
threatened against it at this time. In the second quarter of fiscal 1992, the
Company recorded a charge of $13.4 million for the settlement of all pending
consolidated class action securities litigation lawsuits. As part of the
principal terms of the agreement, the Company issued to members of the plaintiff
class warrants to purchase the Company's Common Stock. The warrants expired
March 30, 1994.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth
quarter of the fiscal year covered by this report.
17
<PAGE> 18
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
The executive officers of the Company and their ages at June 1, 1994, are
as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME AGE POSITION
- - - ------------------------------------------ --- -------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
John K. Clary............................. 48 Senior Vice President, Product Operations
Joseph J. Francesconi..................... 51 President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Craig M. Gentner.......................... 47 Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
and Corporate Secretary
Walter J. Gill............................ 59 Vice President, Chief Technology Officer and
Director
Raymond E. Peverell....................... 46 Senior Vice President, Sales and Marketing
</TABLE>
John K. Clary joined the Company in January 1986 as Director, Marketing
Operations. In April 1994 Mr. Clary was appointed Senior Vice President, Product
Operations. From October 1988 to May 1989 he served as Senior Director of the
IBM Program, and from July 1989 until April 1994 Mr. Clary served as Vice
President and General Manager of Network Equipment Technologies, Access Products
and other divisions.
Joseph J. Francesconi was named as a director and was appointed President
and Chief Executive Officer of the Company in March 1994. From 1977 until he
joined the Company, Mr. Francesconi served in a number of management capacities
at Amdahl Corporation, a leading mainframe manufacturer, most recently as
Executive Vice President. Prior to joining Amdahl Corporation, Mr. Francesconi
spent 12 years with IBM Corporation.
Craig M. Gentner joined the Company in July 1989 as Vice President,
Finance. In July 1990 Mr. Gentner was appointed Vice President, Chief Financial
Officer, and Corporate Secretary, and in May of 1992 he was appointed Senior
Vice President. From 1985 to 1989 Mr. Gentner was employed by Xidex, a
manufacturer of computer peripheral products, most recently as Senior Vice
President and Chief Financial Officer.
Walter J. Gill, a founder of the Company, has served as a director of the
Company since January 1991 and from May to August 1983. Since 1988 he has served
as Vice President and Chief Technology Officer. Prior to that time, he served in
several senior management positions, including Vice President and General
Manager, Private Network Division and as the Company's Chief Technical Officer
from April 1987 to February 1988, and as Vice President, Engineering from July
1983 until April 1987.
Raymond E. Peverell was appointed Senior Vice President, Sales and
Marketing in January of 1993. From 1983 to 1992, Mr. Peverell was employed by
Tandem Computers, Inc. holding various positions, his last being Vice President,
Strategic Partnership Development. Prior to 1983, Mr. Peverell held several
positions over a 12 year span, with Burroughs Corporation.
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required by Item 5 of Form 10-K is set forth in the section
captioned "Common Stock Dividends and Price Range" at page 32 of the
Registrant's 1994 Annual Report to Stockholders ("Annual Report") and is
incorporated herein by reference. At March 31, 1994, there were 906 stockholders
of record of the Company.
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The information required by Item 6 of Form 10-K is set forth in the section
captioned "Five Year Financial Summary" at page 13 of the Registrant's 1994
Annual Report and is incorporated herein by reference.
18
<PAGE> 19
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
The information required by Item 7 of Form 10-K is set forth in the section
captioned "Management's Discussion and Analysis" at pages 14 through 18 of the
Registrant's 1994 Annual Report and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The information required by Item 8 of Form 10-K is set forth in the
sections captioned "Quarterly Financial Data" and "Five Year Summary" at page 13
of the Registrant's 1994 Annual Report and the consolidated financial statements
and independent auditor's report thereon at pages 19 to 31 of the Registrant's
1994 Annual Report.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
PART III
Certain information is required by Part III is omitted from this Form 10-K
because the Company will file its definitive proxy statement (the "Proxy
Statement") pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the end of its
fiscal year for its Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held August 9, 1994,
and certain information included in the Proxy Statement is incorporated by
reference into this Part III.
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
The information required by Item 10 of Form 10-K with respect to directors
is incorporated by reference from the section captioned "Election of Directors"
in the Proxy Statement.
The information regarding executive officers required by this Item 10 is
set forth in Item 4 of Part I of this Form 10-K.
The information required by Item 405 of Regulation S-K is incorporated by
reference from the section captioned "Compliance with Section 16(a) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934" in the Proxy Statement.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by Item 11 of Form 10-K is incorporated by
reference from the information contained in the sections captioned "Election of
Directors: Remuneration" and "Executive Compensation and Related Information" in
the Proxy Statement.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The information required by Item 12 of Form 10-K is incorporated by
reference from the information contained in the section captioned "Stock
Ownership" in the Proxy Statement.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
The information required by Item 13 of Form 10-K is incorporated herein by
reference from the information obtained in the section captioned "Executive
Compensation and Related Information: Employment Contracts and Termination of
Employment Arrangements" of the Proxy Statement.
PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a) (1) Financial Statements -- See Index to Financial Statements and
Financial Statement Schedules at page 23 of this Report.
(2) Financial Statement Schedules -- See Index to Financial Statements and
Financial Statement Schedules at page 23 of this Report.
(3) Exhibits -- See Exhibit Index at page 20 of this Report.
(b) The Registrant filed no reports on Form 8-K during the fourth quarter of
the fiscal year ended March 31, 1994.
19
<PAGE> 20
EXHIBIT INDEX
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION PAGE
- - - ------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----
<S> <C> <C>
3.1 Registrant's Certificate of Incorporation, as amended........................ n.3
3.2 Registrant's Bylaws, as amended.............................................. n.6
4.1 Indenture dated as of May 15, 1989, between Registrant and Morgan Guaranty
Trust Company of New York.................................................... n.4
4.2 Rights Agreement dated as of August 15, 1989 between the Registrant and The
First National Bank of Boston, as amended.................................... n.6
4.3 Certificate of Designations of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock
filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware on August 24, 1989. (Exhibit
4.1 in the Registrant's Form S-8 Registration Statement.).................... n.5
10.1 Agreement dated June 11, 1987 between Registrant and International Business
Machines Corporation. (Pursuant to Rule 24b-2, confidential portions of this
Agreement were deleted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange
Commission pursuant to a request for confidential treatment.)................ n.1
10.2 Seaport Centre Phase Three Industrial Net Lease Agreement, dated August 12,
1987, between Registrant and Lincoln Property N.C., Inc...................... n.2
10.7 Employment Agreement dated March 9, 1994, between the Registrant and
Joseph J. Francesconi.*......................................................
10.8 Employment Agreement dated January 8, 1993, between Registrant and
Raymond E. Peverell.*........................................................
10.9 Employment Agreement dated February 23, 1994, between the Registrant and
Craig M. Gentner.*...........................................................
10.10 Employment, Consulting and Severance Agreement dated November 19, 1993,
between the Registrant and Daniel J. Warmenhoven.*...........................
11.1 Statement Regarding Computation of Per Share Income..........................
13.1 1994 Annual Report to Stockholders. (Such Report, other than those portions
thereof that are expressly incorporated by reference herein, is furnished
solely for informational purposes and shall not be deemed to be "filed"
herewith.)...................................................................
21.1 Subsidiaries of Registrant...................................................
23.1 Independent Auditors' Consent................................................
99.1 Registrant's 1983 Stock Option Plan, as amended through May 24, 1993.*....... n.8
99.2 1988 Restricted Stock Award Plan.*........................................... n.7
99.3 Rules of the Registrant's 1988 U.K Stock Option Scheme.*..................... n.3
99.4 Registrant's 1989 U.K Stock Option Plan.*.................................... n.7
99.5 Registrant's 1990 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.*............................. n.9
99.6 Registrant's 1993 Stock Option Plan.*........................................ n.9
</TABLE>
NOTES
(1) Incorporated by reference from the corresponding Exhibit or the Exhibit
identified in parentheses previously filed as an Exhibit in the Registrant's
Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission File No. 0-15323) for the fiscal year
ended March 31, 1987 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
June 29, 1987.
(2) Incorporated by reference from the corresponding Exhibit or the Exhibit
identified in parentheses previously filed as an Exhibit in the Registrant's
Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission File
20
<PAGE> 21
No. 0-15323) for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1988 filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 1988.
(3) Incorporated by reference from the corresponding Exhibit or the Exhibit
identified in parentheses previously filed as an Exhibit in the Registrant's
Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission File No. 0-15323) for the fiscal year
ended March 31, 1989 originally filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on May 1, 1989.
(4) Incorporated by reference from the corresponding Exhibit or the Exhibit
identified in parentheses previously filed as an Exhibit in the Registrant's
Form 8 Amendment No. 1 to Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission File No.
0-15323) for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1989 filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission on July 25, 1989.
(5) Incorporated by reference from the corresponding Exhibit or the Exhibit
identified in parentheses previously filed as an Exhibit in the Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form S8 (No. 33-33013 and 33-33063) filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on January 19, 1990.
(6) Incorporated by reference from the corresponding Exhibit or the Exhibit
identified in parentheses previously filed as an Exhibit in the Registrant's
Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission File No. 0-15323) for the fiscal year
ended March 31, 1990 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
June 29, 1990.
(7) Incorporated by reference from the corresponding Exhibit or the Exhibit
identified in parentheses previously filed as an Exhibit in the Registrant's
Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission File No. 0-15323) for the fiscal year
ended March 31, 1991 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
June 28, 1991.
(8) Incorporated by reference from the corresponding Exhibit or the Exhibit
identified in parentheses previously filed as an Exhibit in the Registrant's
Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission File No. 0-15323) for the fiscal year
ended March 31, 1993 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
June 25, 1993.
(9) Incorporated by reference from the corresponding Exhibit or the Exhibit
identified in parentheses previously filed as an Exhibit in the Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 33-68860) filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission on September 15, 1993.
* A management contract or compensatory plan required to be filed as an
Exhibit to Form 10-K.
21
<PAGE> 22
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its
behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
NETWORK EQUIPMENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(Registrant)
Date: June 24, 1994 By: /s/ JOSEPH J. FRANCESCONI
------------------------------------
Joseph J. Francesconi
President, Chief Executive
Officer and Director
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this
report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the
Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
- - - ------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------- --------------
<C> <S> <C>
/s/ JOSEPH J. FRANCESCONI President, Chief Executive Officer June 24, 1994
- - - ------------------------------------------ and Director (Principal Executive
Officer)
/s/ JOHN B. ARNOLD Chairman of the Board June 24, 1994
- - - ------------------------------------------
John B. Arnold
/s/ ROBERT H.B. BALDWIN Director June 24, 1994
- - - ------------------------------------------
Robert H.B. Baldwin
/s/ DIXON R. DOLL Director June 24, 1994
- - - ------------------------------------------
Dixon R. Doll
/s/ CRAIG M. GENTER Senior Vice President, Chief June 24, 1994
- - - ------------------------------------------ Secretary (Principal Financial
Craig M. Gentner Officer and Principal Accounting
Officer)
/s/ WALTER J. GILL Vice President, Chief Technology June 24, 1994
- - - ------------------------------------------ Officer and Director
Walter J. Gill
/s/ DUWAYNE J. PETERSON, JR. Director June 24, 1994
- - - ------------------------------------------
DuWayne J. Peterson, Jr.
/s/ FRANK S. VIGILANTE Director June 24, 1994
- - - ------------------------------------------
Frank S. Vigilante
/s/ HANS A. WOLF Director June 24, 1994
- - - ------------------------------------------
Hans A. Wolf
</TABLE>
22
<PAGE> 23
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
----
<S> <C>
Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 1994 and 1993.............................. *
Consolidated Statement of Operations for the years ended March 31, 1994, 1993 and
1992................................................................................ *
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the years ended March 31, 1994, 1993 and
1992................................................................................ *
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity for the years ended March 31, 1994,
1993 and 1992....................................................................... *
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements............................................ *
Independent Auditors' Report.......................................................... *
</TABLE>
- - - ---------------
* Incorporated herein by reference from information contained on pages 19
through 31 of the Registrant's 1994 Annual Report to Stockholders.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
-----
<S> <C>
Independent Auditors' Report......................................................... 24
Schedule I -- Marketable Securities -- Temporary Cash Investments.................... S-I
Schedule II -- Amounts Receivable From Related Parties and Underwriters, Promoters,
and Employees Other than Related Parties........................................... S-II
Schedule VIII -- Valuation and Qualifying Accounts................................... S-III
Schedule X -- Supplementary Income Statement Information............................. S-IV
</TABLE>
All other schedules are omitted because they are not required, are not
applicable, or the information is included in the consolidated financial
statements or notes thereto.
Separate financial statements of the Registrant are omitted because the
Registrant is primarily an operating company and all subsidiaries included in
the consolidated financial statements filed, in the aggregate, do not have a
minority equity interest and/or long-term indebtedness to any person outside the
consolidated group in an amount which together exceeds 5% of total consolidated
assets at March 31, 1994.
23
<PAGE> 24
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT
To the Stockholders and Directors of
Network Equipment Technologies, Inc.:
We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Network Equipment
Technologies, Inc. and subsidiaries as of March 31, 1994 and 1993, and for each
of the three years in the period ended March 31, 1994, and have issued our
report thereon dated April 19, 1994; such financial statements and report are
included in your 1994 Annual Report to Stockholders and are incorporated herein
by reference. Our audits also included the financial statement schedules of
Network Equipment Technologies, Inc. listed in the accompanying index to
financial statements and financial statement schedules. These financial
statement schedules are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion based on our audits. In our opinion,
such financial statement schedules, when considered in relation to the basic
consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly in all
material respects the information set forth therein.
Deloitte & Touche
San Jose, California
April 19, 1994
24
<PAGE> 25
NETWORK EQUIPMENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
SCHEDULE I
MARKETABLE SECURITIES -- TEMPORARY CASH INVESTMENTS
MARCH 31, 1994
(IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AMOUNT
NUMBER OF CARRIED
SHARES, UNITS ON
OF PRINCIPAL MARKET BALANCE
NAME OF ISSUER AMOUNT COST VALUE SHEET
-------------- ------------- ------- ------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
State Agencies
Colorado Student Obligation Bond Authority........ 1,000 $ 1,000 $ 1,000 $ 1,000
Commercial Paper
JP Morgan & Company............................... 2,000 1,964 1,969 1,964
Floating Rate
Note SE Banken.................................... 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
Medium Term/Corporate Notes
ACM Managed Income Series A....................... 10 1,000 1,000 1,000
CIT Group Holdings Inc............................ 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
General Electric Company.......................... 1,500 1,500 1,513 1,500
Province of Alberta............................... 1,000 1,000 1,026 1,000
Deere & Co........................................ 1,000 1,000 1,001 1,000
Australian Wheat Board............................ 1,000 1,000 999 1,000
PNC Bank.......................................... 2,000 2,000 1,996 2,000
World Bank Colts.................................. 750 750 765 750
Texaco Cap Inc.................................... 1,000 1,000 1,018 1,000
European Investment Bank.......................... 1,000 1,000 1,002 1,000
Inter-American Development Bank................... 400 400 417 400
Associates Corp. of North America................. 1,000 1,000 1,009 1,000
Bayerische Landesbank............................. 1,100 1,100 1,098 1,100
------- ------- -------
Total Temporary Cash Investments........ $17,714 $17,813 $17,714
======= ======= =======
</TABLE>
S-I
<PAGE> 26
NETWORK EQUIPMENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
SCHEDULE II
AMOUNTS RECEIVABLE FROM RELATED PARTIES AND
UNDERWRITERS, PROMOTERS, AND EMPLOYEES
OTHER THAN RELATED PARTIES(1)
(IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
BALANCE AT END
DEDUCTIONS OF PERIOD
BALANCE AT ------------------------- -------------------
BEGINNING AMOUNTS AMOUNTS NOT
NAME OF DEBTOR OF PERIOD ADDITIONS COLLECTED WRITTEN OFF CURRENT CURRENT
-------------- ---------- --------- --------- ----------- ------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
For the year ended
March 31, 1992:
John Eddon....................... $107 -- -- $ 20(1) $20 $67
For the year ended
March 31, 1993:
John Eddon....................... $ 87 -- -- $ 20(1) $20 $47
For the year ended
March 31, 1994:
John Eddon....................... $ 67 -- -- $ 20(1) $20 $27
</TABLE>
- - - ---------------
(1) Amounts were forgiven and included in compensation expense.
S-II
<PAGE> 27
NETWORK EQUIPMENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
SCHEDULE VIII
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
BALANCE AT CHARGED TO CHARGED BALANCE
BEGINNING COSTS AND TO OTHER DEDUCTION/ AT END
DESCRIPTION OF PERIOD EXPENSES ACCOUNTS WRITE OFF OF PERIOD
----------- ---------- ---------- -------- ---------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
For the year ended March 31, 1992:
Accounts receivable allowances.......... $1,727 -- $ 2,044(1) $ (1,581) $ 2,190
For the year ended March 31, 1993:
Accounts receivable allowances.......... $2,190 -- $ 3,219(1) $ (1,590) $ 3,819
For the year ended March 31, 1994:
Accounts receivable allowances.......... $3,819 -- $ 1,779(1) $ (2,403) $ 3,195
</TABLE>
- - - ---------------
(1) Amount represents additions to accounts receivable allowances which were
charged primarily to revenue.
S-III
<PAGE> 28
NETWORK EQUIPMENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
SCHEDULE X
SUPPLEMENTARY INCOME STATEMENT INFORMATION
(IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CHARGED TO COSTS AND
EXPENSES FOR THE YEAR
ENDED MARCH 31,
------------------------------------------
ITEM 1992 1993 1994
---- ------ -------------------- ------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1. Maintenance and repairs............................ $2,014 --(1) --(1)
Depreciation and amortization of intangible
2. assets............................................. $4,016 $3,918 $3,664
3. Taxes, other than payroll and income taxes......... --(1) --(1) --(1)
4. Royalties.......................................... --(1) --(1) --(1)
5. Advertising costs.................................. --(1) --(1) --(1)
</TABLE>
- - - ---------------
(1) Did not exceed 1% of revenue.
S-IV
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 10.7
March 2, 1994
Joseph J. Francesconi
1319 San Mateo Drive
Menlo Park, California 94025:
Dear Joe:
I am very pleased to offer you the exempt position of President, Chief
Executive Officer, reporting to the Board of Directors and to also offer you a
position on the Board of Directors.
Your annualized base salary of $350,000 will be paid bi-weekly. Your
compensation also includes a variable incentive plan component which is
targeted at fifty percent (50%) of your base salary. During the first year you
are guaranteed to receive half of your targeted incentive payment. The balance
of the incentive payout in the first year will be determined by performance to
some agreed objectives with the Compensation Committee of the Board.
N.E.T. is also pleased to offer you a Non-qualified Stock Option covering
225,000 shares of the Company's common stock (this option is subject to
adjustment for stock splits and the Company's 1993 Stock Option Plan and the
Stock Option Agreement). The exercise price for the stock will be the fair
market value on the date the option is granted, such value to be determined in
accordance with the 1993 Stock Option Plan. The option agreement will
incorporate a vesting schedule which will extend over a period of four (4)
years. The option will be exercisable for 25% of the stock at the end of the
first year from the grant date, and for the remaining 75% at the monthly rate
of 1/36th of the optioned shares for each full month commencing in the
thirteenth month after the grant date until the 48th month. We would be happy
to provide you with a copy of the option agreement if you wish it for review.
Effective the day before the effective date of a Corporate Transaction or
Change in Control (as these terms are defined in the Option Plan) the above
N.E.T. Stock Options shall accelerate such that all options shall immediately
become exercisable, notwithstanding any option agreement provisions to the
contrary.
N.E.T. provides a comprehensive flexible benefits program called CHOICES.
Under CHOICES, you can customize your benefits to meet your individual needs
by selecting various levels of coverage from a menu of benefit options. The
benefit options include: medical and dental coverage, life insurance,
accidental death insurance and long term disability insurance for you. You may
cover your family under the medical and dental plans, accidental death
insurance and dependent life insurance. N.E.T. provides you with enough Choice
Dollars to cover the cost of your benefits at very competitive levels. If you
choose to cover your family, you will be required to contribute a nominal
amount to the plan - in most cases on a pre-tax basis. Additionally, N.E.T.
provides pre-tax spending accounts - called Reimbursement Accounts - for
eligible unreimbursed medical expenses and dependent care expenses. You will
be eligible to receive fifteen (15) days of vacation per year by Company
policy. The Company reserves the right to change its policies and benefits
with or without notice. Any such changes must be in writing and must be
signed by an Officer of N.E.T.
This offer letter sets forth the entire Agreement between you and N.E.T.
concerning your employment by N.E.T. It supersedes any condition,
representation or understanding with respect to your employment. Either you or
N.E.T. may decide to terminate your employment at any time, with or without
cause, and for any reason. Please note that this "at will" status is a
condition of employment that cannot be changed except in a writing by the
Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.
<PAGE> 2
If your employment is involuntarily terminated by N.E.T. without cause at any
time before your second employment anniversary date, then you will cease being
a regular employee, but will be carried on the books of the company as a
temporary employee for a period of twelve (12) months ("Notice Period").
During the Notice Period you will receive, less all applicable deductions and
withholding: (i) your base salary, paid bi-weekly (if you obtain other
employment during the Notice Period, you will inform N.E.T. and N.E.T. shall
be entitled to an offset equal to base salary you receive from such other
employer(s) during the Notice Period); (ii) medical, dental, life and
disability insurance benefits and 401(k) Plan participation provided by N.E.T.
or its successor to executives; and (iii) all N.E.T. Stock Options that you
hold shall continue to vest, subject to applicable Stock Option Agreements.
Consistent with your temporary employment status during the Notice Period, you
agree to provide up to three days per month of professional services to N.E.T.
for no additional consideration and at mutually agreed times and you agree not
to provide services to any company that manufactures or distributes products or
services that directly compete with products or services provided by N.E.T. to
its customers. In consideration of the receipt of post termination continuance
of salary, benefit or stock option vesting, your waive and release any claims
that you may have and you agree not to participate in any legal or
administrative proceedings against the company or any of its officers,
directors or employees. This paragraph sets forth all rights, entitlements and
compensation that you shall receive in the event of termination of your
employment and also sets forth your sole and exclusive remedy for any and all
employment related claims in the event of such termination.
Joe, we realize that this is an important decision for you and for N.E.T. We
sincerely believe that this offer provides you with an excellent opportunity.
As discussed, we are confident that N.E.T. will provide you with the personal
challenge and growth potential you seek. In considering this offer, please
feel free to consult me or any of the executives or Directors of N.E.T. I
would be happy to facilitate such conversations or meetings.
This offer of employment will be open until the close of business on March 4,
1994. We are looking forward to an affirmative response. To accept this
offer, please sign and date this offer letter and the Confidentiality Agreement
and return the original signed copies in the enclosed envelope.
Sincerely yours,
John B. Arnold
Acting Chief Executive Officer
I am pleased to accept this offer. March __ will be my first full day in the
office.
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Signature: Date:
------------------------------- --------------------
Joseph J. Francesconi
</TABLE>
As a condition of accepting this offer, my receipt of cash compensation shall
(except amounts required for Social Security (OASDI and Medicare) and
Disability Plan contributions) be deferred through June 30, 1995, and all
deferred amounts deposited in Mutual Series Fund - Beacon. I understand that
this deferral is irrevocable and cannot be changed or modified under any
circumstances and that I have only the rights of a general unsecured creditor
with respect to payment of deferred compensation.
<PAGE> 3
EXHIBIT 10.8
January 8, 1993
Raymond E. Peverell
176 Exeter Avenue
San Carlos, CA 94070
Dear Ed,
We are pleased to offer you the exempt position of Senior Vice President,
Worldwide Sales, reporting to me. Your starting base salary will be $200,000
annualized. Pay periods are bi-weekly. You will participate in the focal
point review process administered on May 1, 1994, and annually thereafter.
In this position, our management incentive plan would normally provide for a
target bonus of 45%. In your case, your incentive payout will be guaranteed at
a minimum of $90,000 for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1994. This amount
could be adjusted upward, depending on the Company's performance and your
individual performance. In fiscal year 1995, you would be subject to the then-
current management incentive plan.
A signing bonus of $20,000 will be disbursed to you within thirty (30) days
after your employment start date. In the event that you voluntarily terminate
employment with N.E.T. prior to the completion of one year of service, you
agree to reimburse this $20,000 signing bonus to N.E.T. on a prorata basis.
N.E.T. provides a comprehensive flexible benefits program called CHOICES.
Under CHOICES, you can customize your benefits to meet your individual needs by
selecting various levels of coverage from a menu of benefit options. The
benefit options include: medical and dental coverage, life insurance,
accidental death insurance and long term disability insurance for you. You may
cover your family under the medical and dental plans, accidental death
insurance and dependent life insurance. N.E.T. provides your with enough
Choice Dollars to cover the cost of your benefits at better than competitive
levels. If you choose to cover your family, you will be required to contribute
a nominal amount to the plan - in most cases on a pre-tax basis. Additionally,
N.E.T. provides pre- tax spending accounts - called Reimbursement Accounts -
for unreimbursed medical expenses and dependent care expenses.
N.E.T. agrees to offer you a Non-qualified Stock Option (NQSO) covering 50,000
shares (subject to adjustment for stock splits and other Company's 1983 Stock
Option Plan and the Stock Option Agreement grant). The exercise price for the
stock will be the fair market value on the date the option is granted, such
value to be determined in accordance with the 1983 Stock Option Plan. The
option agreement will incorporate a vesting schedule which will extend over a
period of four (4) years. The option will be exercisable for 25% of the stock
at the end of the first year from the grant date, and for the remaining 75% at
the monthly rate of 1/36th of the optioned shares for each full month
commencing in the thirteenth month after the grant date until the 48th month.
If your employment is terminated by N.E.T. prior to your completing two (2)
years of service for any reason, other than for good cause, and you do not
there-upon accept another position at one of its subsidiaries, affiliates or
successors, you agree that your sole and exclusive remedy shall be as provided
in this paragraph. For a period of one year ("Notice Period") after such
termination you will receive your base salary, paid bi-weekly, less all
applicable deductions; medical, dental, life and disability insurance and other
then standard employee benefits provided by N.E.T.; and the vesting of stock
options and lapsing of repurchase rights in stock award ("Stock Vesting")
granted by N.E.T. in accordance with the terms of the applicable Stock Option
Plan as of the effective date of such termination. In addition, you will be
paid all vacation time accrued as of you termination date. Except for the
foregoing, as of the date of such termination, you waive any right to accrual
of vacation pay, sick leave, future vesting of options in N.E.T. stock, future
bonus payments, and future lapsing of repurchase rights in stock awards granted
by N.E.T.,
<PAGE> 4
and entitlement to additional equity participation or other
consideration. During the notice period, you agree to provide up to three (3)
days per month of consulting services to N.E.T. at mutually agreed times, and
you agree neither to accept employment with, nor provide consulting or other
services to any company that competes with N.E.T. or any subsidiaries or
affiliates in the provision of communications equipment or services. You also
covenant and agree never to initiate or participate in any legal or
administrative proceedings or arbitration against either N.E.T. or any of its
affiliates or the employees, officers, directors or agents of any of the
regarding any claim arising during or as a result of your employment by N.E.T
or regarding or as a result of the termination of your employment, or for any
related benefit or compensation. You further agree that your entitlement to
salary and benefit continuance and/or entitlement to Stock vesting provided may
be terminated by N.E.T if you fail to abide by the above covenant not to
compete, or if you fail to provide requested consulting services as agreed
above, or if your employment is terminated for violation of any law or legal
obligation if such violation either is related to or arose in the course of
your employment (for example: sexual harassment, insider trading, voucher
fraud, breach of fiduciary duty); or such violation affects your ability to
perform the duties of your job (for example: a crime involving lack of
integrity).
This offer letter sets forth the entire Agreement between you and N.E.T.
concerning your employment by N.E.T. It supersedes any condition,
representation or understanding with respect to your employment. Your
employment can be terminated "at will" - which means that termination can occur
with or without cause, at any time and for any reason, either by you or by
N.E.T. The company reserves the right to change its policies and benefits with
or without notice. Any such changes must be in writing and must be signed by
an Officer of N.E.T. Please note that the "at will" status of your employment
is a condition of employment that cannot be changed except in writing signed by
N.E.T.'s Vice President of Human Resources or the Chief Executive Officer.
This offer is contingent upon your completing, signing and returning to us,
both this offer letter and the N.E.T. Confidential Information and Inventions
Agreement.
In addition, upon your first day of employment, you will be asked to provide
proof of your eligibility to work legally in the United States and to sign such
other documents as are customarily executed at the time of starting employment
with N.E.T.
Pleased by advised that N.E.T. has a non-smoking policy. Smoking is not
allowed in any area within N.E.T.'s facility except the smoking lounge. Should
you accept employment with N.E.T., we request that you use only this area in
which to smoke while inside our buildings.
Ed, we realize that this is an important decision for you in your future
planning. We all sincerely believe that the position is an excellent
opportunity, and we are confident that N.E.T. will provide you with the
personal challenge and potential growth opportunity you seek.
This offer of employment will be open until the close of business January 8,
1993. We are looking forward to an affirmative response. To accept this
offer, please sign this offer letter and the Confidential Agreement and return
the original signed copies in the enclosed envelope.
Sincerely Yours,
Dan Warmenhoven
President & Chief Executive Officer
I am pleased to accept this offer. I will report to work on or before January
11, 1993.
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
Signature: Date:
------------------------------------------------- --------------------
Raymond E. Peverell
Start Date:
----------------------
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 10.8
January 8, 1993
Raymond E. Peverell
176 Exeter Avenue
San Carlos, CA 94070
Dear Ed,
We are pleased to offer you the exempt position of Senior Vice President,
Worldwide Sales, reporting to me. Your starting base salary will be $200,000
annualized. Pay periods are bi-weekly. You will participate in the focal
point review process administered on May 1, 1994, and annually thereafter.
In this position, our management incentive plan would normally provide for a
target bonus of 45%. In your case, your incentive payout will be guaranteed at
a minimum of $90,000 for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1994. This amount
could be adjusted upward, depending on the Company's performance and your
individual performance. In fiscal year 1995, you would be subject to the then-
current management incentive plan.
A signing bonus of $20,000 will be disbursed to you within thirty (30) days
after your employment start date. In the event that you voluntarily terminate
employment with N.E.T. prior to the completion of one year of service, you
agree to reimburse this $20,000 signing bonus to N.E.T. on a prorata basis.
N.E.T. provides a comprehensive flexible benefits program called CHOICES.
Under CHOICES, you can customize your benefits to meet your individual needs by
selecting various levels of coverage from a menu of benefit options. The
benefit options include: medical and dental coverage, life insurance,
accidental death insurance and long term disability insurance for you. You may
cover your family under the medical and dental plans, accidental death
insurance and dependent life insurance. N.E.T. provides your with enough
Choice Dollars to cover the cost of your benefits at better than competitive
levels. If you choose to cover your family, you will be required to contribute
a nominal amount to the plan - in most cases on a pre-tax basis. Additionally,
N.E.T. provides pre- tax spending accounts - called Reimbursement Accounts -
for unreimbursed medical expenses and dependent care expenses.
N.E.T. agrees to offer you a Non-qualified Stock Option (NQSO) covering 50,000
shares (subject to adjustment for stock splits and other Company's 1983 Stock
Option Plan and the Stock Option Agreement grant). The exercise price for the
stock will be the fair market value on the date the option is granted, such
value to be determined in accordance with the 1983 Stock Option Plan. The
option agreement will incorporate a vesting schedule which will extend over a
period of four (4) years. The option will be exercisable for 25% of the stock
at the end of the first year from the grant date, and for the remaining 75% at
the monthly rate of 1/36th of the optioned shares for each full month
commencing in the thirteenth month after the grant date until the 48th month.
If your employment is terminated by N.E.T. prior to your completing two (2)
years of service for any reason, other than for good cause, and you do not
there-upon accept another position at one of its subsidiaries, affiliates or
successors, you agree that your sole and exclusive remedy shall be as provided
in this paragraph. For a period of one year ("Notice Period") after such
termination you will receive your base salary, paid bi-weekly, less all
applicable deductions; medical, dental, life and disability insurance and other
then standard employee benefits provided by N.E.T.; and the vesting of stock
options and lapsing of repurchase rights in stock award ("Stock Vesting")
granted by N.E.T. in accordance with the terms of the applicable Stock Option
Plan as of the effective date of such termination. In addition, you will be
paid all vacation time accrued as of you termination date. Except for the
foregoing, as of the date of such termination, you waive any right to accrual
of vacation pay, sick leave, future vesting of options in N.E.T. stock, future
bonus payments, and future lapsing of repurchase rights in stock awards granted
by N.E.T.,
<PAGE> 2
and entitlement to additional equity participation or other
consideration. During the notice period, you agree to provide up to three (3)
days per month of consulting services to N.E.T. at mutually agreed times, and
you agree neither to accept employment with, nor provide consulting or other
services to any company that competes with N.E.T. or any subsidiaries or
affiliates in the provision of communications equipment or services. You also
covenant and agree never to initiate or participate in any legal or
administrative proceedings or arbitration against either N.E.T. or any of its
affiliates or the employees, officers, directors or agents of any of the
regarding any claim arising during or as a result of your employment by N.E.T
or regarding or as a result of the termination of your employment, or for any
related benefit or compensation. You further agree that your entitlement to
salary and benefit continuance and/or entitlement to Stock vesting provided may
be terminated by N.E.T if you fail to abide by the above covenant not to
compete, or if you fail to provide requested consulting services as agreed
above, or if your employment is terminated for violation of any law or legal
obligation if such violation either is related to or arose in the course of
your employment (for example: sexual harassment, insider trading, voucher
fraud, breach of fiduciary duty); or such violation affects your ability to
perform the duties of your job (for example: a crime involving lack of
integrity).
This offer letter sets forth the entire Agreement between you and N.E.T.
concerning your employment by N.E.T. It supersedes any condition,
representation or understanding with respect to your employment. Your
employment can be terminated "at will" - which means that termination can occur
with or without cause, at any time and for any reason, either by you or by
N.E.T. The company reserves the right to change its policies and benefits with
or without notice. Any such changes must be in writing and must be signed by
an Officer of N.E.T. Please note that the "at will" status of your employment
is a condition of employment that cannot be changed except in writing signed by
N.E.T.'s Vice President of Human Resources or the Chief Executive Officer.
This offer is contingent upon your completing, signing and returning to us,
both this offer letter and the N.E.T. Confidential Information and Inventions
Agreement.
In addition, upon your first day of employment, you will be asked to provide
proof of your eligibility to work legally in the United States and to sign such
other documents as are customarily executed at the time of starting employment
with N.E.T.
Pleased by advised that N.E.T. has a non-smoking policy. Smoking is not
allowed in any area within N.E.T.'s facility except the smoking lounge. Should
you accept employment with N.E.T., we request that you use only this area in
which to smoke while inside our buildings.
Ed, we realize that this is an important decision for you in your future
planning. We all sincerely believe that the position is an excellent
opportunity, and we are confident that N.E.T. will provide you with the
personal challenge and potential growth opportunity you seek.
This offer of employment will be open until the close of business January 8,
1993. We are looking forward to an affirmative response. To accept this
offer, please sign this offer letter and the Confidential Agreement and return
the original signed copies in the enclosed envelope.
Sincerely Yours,
Dan Warmenhoven
President & Chief Executive Officer
I am pleased to accept this offer. I will report to work on or before January
11, 1993.
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
Signature: Date:
------------------------------------------------- --------------------
Raymond E. Peverell
Start Date:
----------------------
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 10.9
February 23, 1994
Craig M. Gentner
1605 Goularte Place
Fremont, California 94539
Dear Craig:
In recognition of past service and in consideration of the covenants contained
in this Letter Agreement, we are pleased to offer to modify the terms of your
employment by Network Equipment Technologies, Inc. ("N.E.T.") as follows.
N.E.T. will continue to employ you as Senior Vice President, Chief Financial
Officer and Corporate Secretary of N.E.T. at a base salary of $180,000, as a
Grade 22 employee.
If your employment is involuntarily terminated prior to February 23, 1996,
N.E.T. and you agree that you will be provided the benefits set forth in this
Letter Agreement and no others. For purposes of this letter, your employment
shall be deemed to have been involuntarily terminated if: a) you are informed
by the Chief Executive Officer or Chairman of the Board that your employment is
being terminated; b) there is a Corporate Transaction or Change in Control as
those terms are defined in the N.E.T. 1993 Stock Option Plan and you do not
there-upon accept another position with the successor entity; c) there is a
substantial reduction in your compensation or responsibilities or a substantial
change in the level of your reporting relationship or d) you are required to
relocate your principal residence as a condition of your continued employment
and you refuse to relocate.
If your employment is terminated for Cause as defined below at any time or if
it is terminated at any time after February 23, 1996, then you will be entitled
to your salary and all benefits accrued through the date of termination and any
extensions that would normally be provided under the circumstances, but nothing
else. If your employment is involuntarily terminated without Cause at any time
before February 23, 1996, then you will cease being a regular employee, but
will be employed as a temporary employee for a period of twelve (12) months
after termination of your regular employment ("Notice Period"). During the
Notice Period you will receive, less all applicable deductions and withholding:
(i) your base salary, paid bi-weekly (if you obtain other employment during the
Notice Period, you will inform N.E.T. and N.E.T. shall be entitled to an offset
equal to base salary you receive from such other employer during the Notice
Period); (ii) medical, dental, life and disability insurance benefits and
401(k) Plan participation provided by N.E.T. or its successor to executives;
and (iii) incentive bonus paid for the entire Notice Period at a level
equivalent to that you would have received had you remained an employee, but
not less than at target (target being an individual incentive multiplier of
1.00 times a business unit funding factor of 1.00 for a regular full-time
employee at your grade and base salary). Notwithstanding any inconsistent
Incentive Plan eligibility provisions, an incentive payment will be made at the
regularly scheduled time during the Notice Period and at the end of the Notice
Period a second incentive payment will be made, pro-rated based on the number
of months that have elapsed since the end of the most recently concluded fiscal
year. Effective the earlier of the day of involuntary termination of your
regular employment (without cause) or the day before the effective date of a
Corporate Transaction or Change in Control all N.E.T. Stock Options that you
hold shall accelerate such that all options shall immediately become
exercisable, notwithstanding any option agreement provisions to the contrary,
and such accelerated vested options shall be exercisable until the later of
three months after the end of your employment or consulting relationship with
N.E.T. or its successor, but in no event later than the option expiration date.
In addition, you will be paid all vacation time accrued as of the date of
termination of your regular employment and, at the end of the Notice Period,
the company shall upon your request take all actions reasonably necessary and
consistent with applicable law to provide you with continuing benefit coverage
pursuant to COBRA. Except as set forth above, all other benefits terminate as
of the date of termination of your regular employment and you waive any and all
rights to accrual of vacation pay, sick leave, future grant or vesting of stock
options, entitlement to bonus or equity participation or other consideration.
<PAGE> 2
During the Notice Period, if applicable, you agree to provide up to an average
of eight (8) hours per month of professional services to N.E.T. for no
additional consideration and at mutually agreed times and you shall be carried
on the books of N.E.T. or its successor as a temporary employee who is entitled
to the benefits and consideration set forth in this letter but who is not
subject to any policies or procedures that are inconsistent with this letter.
You shall not encourage or solicit any employee of N.E.T. to leave N.E.T. for
any reason or to devote less than all of any such employee's efforts to the
affairs of N.E.T. for a period of one year after termination of your regular
employment. The foregoing agreement not to encourage or solicit is a material
provision of this Agreement. You shall be deemed not to have encouraged or
solicited any employee of N.E.T. if you do not actively participate in
soliciting such employee or if such employee has, prior to substantive
discussions with you, clearly and directly informed the responsible Vice
President or General Manager of his/her business unit that he/she has decided
to explore employment opportunities outside N.E.T. or has decided to leave the
employ of N.E.T. You further agree that your entitlement to receipt and
retention of salary and benefit continuance and/or entitlement to stock option
acceleration upon termination may be terminated by N.E.T. if you fail to abide
by any of the above covenants contained in this paragraph, or if your
employment is terminated for Cause (i.e., termination for "Cause" is
termination for willful misconduct, dishonesty or fraud toward the company or
conviction of a felony charge that concerns integrity, honesty or that
materially affects your ability to perform as a regular full-time employee).
You also agree that in order to assure the full effectiveness of the parties
intent at the time of executing this letter and in order to receive the
benefits of this agreement, at the time of involuntary termination (other than
for cause) of your regular employment from N.E.T. during the two year term of
this Letter Agreement, you will execute a release and waiver in the form of
Attachment A. If you fail or refuse to execute Attachment A at the time of
your termination then you will not be entitled to any compensation or benefits
under this Letter Agreement after your termination. Any dispute arising under
this Letter Agreement or concerning your employment by the company or the
termination of that employment shall, twenty days after receipt of notice of
dispute, be resolved through final and binding arbitration under the rules of
the American Arbitration Association. Such arbitration shall proceed without
discovery in San Mateo County, California and shall be final and binding and
the arbitrators shall award the prevailing party reasonable attorneys' fees and
all reasonable costs.
This Letter Agreement, together with your offer letter, the Confidential or
Proprietary Information and Inventions Agreement you signed, applicable Stock
Option Agreements and Plans, your Indemnity Agreement (if any), and Attachment
A to this Letter Agreement sets forth the entire employment agreement between
you and N.E.T. concerning your employment by N.E.T. Together, these documents
supersede any condition, representation or understanding with respect to your
employment. Your employment can be terminated "at will" -- which means that
termination can occur with or without cause, at any time and for any reason,
either by you or by N.E.T. The Company reserves the right to change its
policies and benefits with or without notice. Please note that the "at will"
status of your employment is a condition of employment that cannot be changed
except in writing signed by N.E.T.'s Chief Executive Officer. Your entitlement
to the above described compensation, benefits and vesting is contingent upon
your completing, signing and returning this letter to me prior to February 26,
1994.
Sincerely Yours,
John B. Arnold
Acting Chief Executive Officer
I am pleased to accept the foregoing.
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Signature: ___________________________________ Date: ____________________
----------------------------------- --------------------
Craig M. Gentner
Enclosure: Attachment A
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 3
ATTACHMENT A TO
LETTER AGREEMENT DATED FEBRUARY 23, 1994 ("LETTER AGREEMENT")
BETWEEN N.E.T. AND CRAIG M. GENTNER
RELEASE
I, CRAIG M. GENTNER, on behalf of myself, my representatives, heirs, executors,
administrators, successors, and assigns, (hereinafter collectively referred to
as the "Executive"), and NETWORK EQUIPMENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC., its affiliated
and subsidiary entities, and the officers, directors, agents, employees,
attorneys, successors, and assigns of all of them (hereinafter collectively
referred to as the "Company"), agree as follows:
1. RELEASE OF CLAIMS. The Executive and the Company do hereby for
themselves and their respective legal successors and assigns, release and
absolutely and forever discharge each other and their respective shareholders,
officers, directors, employees, agents, divisions, subsidiaries, attorneys,
insurers, legal successors and assigns (hereinafter collectively referred to as
"Releases") of and from any and all employment related claims and causes of
action of every kind and nature whatsoever, whether now known or unknown,
suspected or unsuspected which either now has, owns or holds or at any time
heretofore ever had, owned or held or could, shall or may hereafter have, own
or hold against the other based upon or arising out of any matter, cause, fact,
thing, act or omission whatsoever, including, without limitation, any and all
claims which the Executive now has or ever has had or ever in the future may
have based on his employment with the Company, or the compensation for or
termination of that employment, occurring or existing at any time to and
including the date hereof. The Executive represents that he is aware of all of
the facts that are material to his decision to make this waiver and release.
2. ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF WAIVER OF CLAIMS UNDER ADEA. The Executive
acknowledges that he is waiving and releasing any rights he may have under the
Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 ("ADEA") and that this waiver and
release is knowing and voluntary. The Executive and the Company agree that
this waiver and release does not apply to any rights or claims that may arise
under ADEA after the effective date of this Release Agreement. Executive
acknowledges that the consideration given for this waiver and release is in
addition to anything of value to which Executive was already entitled.
Executive fully acknowledges that he has been advised that (a) he should
consult with an attorney prior to executing this Release Agreement; (b) he has
had at least twenty-one (21) days within which to consider this Release
Agreement; (c) he has at least seven (7) days following the execution of this
Release Agreement by the parties to revoke the Release Agreement; and (d) this
Release Agreement shall not be effective until the revocation period has
expired.
3. CIVIL CODE SECTION 1542. The Executive represents that he is not
aware of any claim in which he has an interest or which is held or owned (in
whole or in part) by him against the Company other than the claims that are
released by this Release Agreement.
<PAGE> 4
Similarly, the Company represents that it is not aware of any claim against the
Executive other than claims that are released by this Release Agreement. Each
party acknowledges that it is familiar with the provisions of California Civil
Code Section 1542, which provides as follows:
GENERAL RELEASE DOES NOT EXTEND TO CLAIMS WHICH THE CREDITOR DOES NOT KNOW OR
SUSPECT TO EXIST IN
HIS FAVOR AT THE TIME OF EXECUTING THAT RELEASE, WHICH IF KNOWN BY HIM MUST
HAVE MATERIALLY
AFFECTED HIS SETTLEMENT WITH THE DEBTOR.
Each party, being aware of said Code Section, agrees to expressly waive any
rights he or it may have thereunder, as well as under any other statute or
common law principles of similar effect, concerning the claims released in this
Release Agreement.
4. CONFIDENTIALITY. The Executive and the Company agree to maintain in
confidence, the terms of this Release Agreement. The Executive will take every
reasonable precaution to prevent disclosure of the terms of this Release
Agreement and agree not to take action directly or indirectly to publicize such
terms. The foregoing shall not prohibit either party from making accurate and
complete disclosures or statements in response to legal process or as may be
required by law, nor shall this provision require the making of any false or
misleading statements.
5. GENERAL. The parties' Agreement, which consists of the Letter
Agreement and documents and agreements referenced therein and this Release
Agreement, represents the entire Agreement and understanding between the
Company and the Executive concerning the Executive's termination of employment
with the Company. In the event of a conflict between the Letter and Release or
other Agreements, the Letter Agreement shall control. Except as expressly
referenced in this Agreement, all other agreements relating to the subject
matter hereof, are hereby terminated and shall be null and void. The Executive
and the Company agree to refrain from disparaging the other in the future. The
Agreement may only be amended in writing signed by the Executive and the
Company. The Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of
California. This Release Agreement may be executed in counterparts, and each
counterpart shall have the same force and effect as the original and shall
constitute an effective, binding agreement on the part of each of the
undersigned.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Release Agreement
effective on the termination date of the Executive in accordance with the terms
of the Letter Agreement.
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
NETWORK EQUIPMENT CRAIG M. GENTNER
TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
By: By
--------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 10.10
EMPLOYMENT, CONSULTING AND SEVERANCE AGREEMENT
This Employment, Consulting and Severance Agreement ("Agreement") is
entered into as of November 19, 1993 (the "Effective Date"), by and among
Network Equipment Technologies, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"),
and Daniel J. Warmenhoven (the "Executive").
RECITALS
The Company and the Executive are parties to a Letter
Agreement dated as of October 20, 1989 (the "Letter Agreement"), as amended,
and a Term Sheet dated as of October 18, 1993 (the "Term Sheet").
The Executive is currently employed by the Company as Chief
Executive Officer and serves as Chairman of the Board of the Company and as a
member of the boards of directors of certain of the subsidiaries of the
Company.
Effective December 31, 1993, the Executive wishes to retire
from the Company, and the Company is currently in the process of searching for
a successor to the Executive as the President and Chief Executive Officer of
the Company. In this connection, the parties desire to enter into an agreement
with respect to the Executive's continued provision of services to the Company
through December 31, 1993, and thereafter, as a consultant to the Company.
In consideration of the foregoing and the respective covenants
and agreements of the parties contained in this Agreement, the Company and the
Executive agree as follows:
1. DUTIES. Beginning with the Effective Date and continuing
until the Termination Date (as defined below) (such interim period to be
referred to herein as the "Transition Period"), the Executive shall continue to
serve as the Company's Chief Executive Officer, and shall remain on the boards
of directors of the Company and its subsidiaries. During the Transition
Period, the Executive agrees to devote his full-time best efforts to (i)
preserve the business, goodwill and customers of the Company; (ii)
substantially preserve the current management structure and employee base of
the Company, except as otherwise agreed by the Board of Directors; (iii) manage
the Company under the direction of the Board of Directors; and (iv) perform
such other duties as reasonably requested by the Board of Directors or its
designee, in furtherance of an orderly transition.
2. TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT. The Termination Date shall be
December 31, 1993. Notwithstanding the foregoing, The Board of Directors of
the Company may terminate the Executive's employment prior to such date by
delivering a written notice of termination to the Executive, in which event the
Termination Date shall be the date of such notice. If the Executive is
terminated prior to December 31, 1993, the Company agrees to extend the
Executive's salary continuation period (as described in Section 3(a) below) to
encompass any time up to and including December 31, 1993. On the Termination
Date, the Executive shall cease to be an employee of the Company and the
subsidiaries of the Company and shall have no further authority to act on
behalf of the Company. In addition, as of the Termination Date, the Executive
shall resign from the Board of Directors of the Company and all direct and
indirect subsidiaries of the Company. The parties agree to execute such other
documentation as may be necessary to effect the Executive's resignation from
the boards of directors of the Company.
3. COMPENSATION. In consideration of the agreements by the
Executive set forth in this Agreement, the Executive shall be entitled to the
compensation and benefits described in this section:
(A) Continuation of Salary. The Executive shall be
entitled to a continuation of his current salary, which is $365,000 per year,
from January 1, 1994 through March 31, 1995. Such salary shall be paid to the
Executive in accordance with the Company's regular payroll practices currently
in effect.
<PAGE> 2
(B) Bonus. In addition to the salary continuation set
forth above, the Executive shall be entitled to receive as a bonus the
aggregate amount of $150,000. Such compensation shall be payable no later than
March 31, 1994. Such amount shall be payable to the Executive regardless of
the Company's financial performance, and shall not be conditioned on the
Company's continued satisfaction any goals or criteria required by the
Company's bonus plan.
(C) Split Dollar Life Insurance. In addition to the
benefits set forth above, prior to April 30, 1994, the Executive shall be
entitled to purchase from the Company the existing split dollar insurance
policy for a purchase price equal to the current cash value of such policy,
after which the Company shall assign all right, title and interest in such
split dollar insurance policy to the Executive.
(D) Housing Loan. Prior to December 31, 1993, the
Company agrees that it shall cancel and forgive the outstanding balance of the
housing loan previously advanced by the Company to the Executive. In addition,
the Company shall, provide a "gross-up" payment of the principal balance into
federal and state tax withholding to cover all state and federal income taxes
caused by such forgiveness.
(E) Vacation Pay. On or before December 31, 1993, the
Company will make payment to the Executive of an amount equal to the value of
all accrued but unused vacation time as of such date.
(F) Computer/Printer. Executive shall be entitled to
retain the personal computer, printer, facsimile machine and related
accessories currently in Executive's possession, provided that Executive shall
delete all files or other information maintained on such computer developed in
the course of, or relating to, the business of the Company. In addition to the
foregoing, the Executive shall be entitled to retain the car phones, portable
cellular phone and pocket computer purchased or paid for by the Company in the
possession of the Executive. N.E.T. property tag and equipment model and
serial numbers will be provided to N.E.T. by the Executive.
(G) Stock Options. It is recognized that the Executive
currently holds stock options to purchase shares of Common Stock of the Company
as well as Restricted Stock of the Company. In accordance with the Company's
plans and the applicable written Option and Restricted Stock Agreements under
which such options and Restricted Stock were granted, such Restricted Stock and
options shall continue to vest and be exercisable during the term of the
consulting services set forth below, and vested options shall expire three
months after the termination of such term. In the event of a change of control
of the Company, which under the terms of the Company's Stock Option plans or as
a result of Board action, causes an acceleration of the vesting date of stock
options held by continuing executives of the Company, the Company agrees that
any such favorable vesting provisions or acceleration applicable to such other
executives of the Company will also apply to the options held by the Executive
on the same terms and conditions as those applicable to the options held by
such other executives of the Company.
(H) Medical Benefits. The Executive and his dependents
will continue to receive Company-paid coverage under the terms of the Company's
then current "Choices" benefits program until the earlier of such date that the
Executive is eligible for coverage under the medical and dental plan(s) of a
new employer or he is eligible for COBRA benefits or March 31, 1995. In
addition, the Executive will continue to be eligible to participate in the then
current Company-administered health care reimbursement program until the
earlier of December 31, 1994 or his participation in a similar program of a new
employer.
(I) 401(k). The Executive shall be entitled to continued
participation in the Company's 401(k) Plan until the earlier of March 31, 1995
or the cessation of eligibility under the terms of such Plan.
(J) Financial Planning and Outplacement Assistance.
Consistent with the Company's past practice, the Company agrees to continue to
provide throughout the term of this Agreement financial and tax planning
services that the Executive is currently receiving and also agrees to provide
for outplacement and executive placement services for the Executive in an
amount not to exceed $10,000.00.
(K) Exclusivity of Benefits. Except as set forth above,
on the Termination Date, the Executive shall cease to participate in, and
accrue any benefits under, any and all of the Company's benefit plans, programs
and policies. The Executive shall be entitled no other compensation, payment,
bonus, award or damages of any kind or nature arising out of his employment
with the Company, the termination of such employment, or any claim or dispute
between the Company and the Executive.
<PAGE> 3
4. CONSULTING SERVICES. In consideration of the salary and
benefits continuation provided in Section 3 above, beginning with the
Termination Date and continuing until March 31, 1995, the Executive agrees to
serve as a consultant and advisor to the Company for no incremental
compensation and to provide the Company with such advisory and consultation
services as the Board of Directors of the Company or its CEO may specify;
provided, however, that the Executive shall not be obligated to provide
advisory and consulting services in excess of twenty (20) hours per fiscal
quarter.
5. TAXES. All payments made pursuant to this Agreement shall be
paid less applicable payroll and withholding taxes. The Company agrees to
treat the Executive as an employee for tax purposes throughout the term of this
Agreement and agrees to pay the employer-portion of taxes arising under FICA
(including Social Security and Medicare taxes). Except as provided in the
preceding sentence, the Executive shall be responsible for all taxes owed as a
result of consideration received under this Agreement.
6. NON-SOLICITATION. The Executive agrees that during the period
commencing on the Termination Date and continuing until one year following the
end of the salary continuation period set forth in Section 3(a) above, the
Executive shall not solicit for employment at any other business entity for
whom the Executive may be employed or with which the Executive may be
affiliated any current or future employee of the Company, regardless of whether
such business entity is deemed to be a competitor of the Company. In addition,
the Executive agrees to abide by the terms and conditions of any
confidentiality or proprietary information agreement executed by the Executive.
The Executive further agrees that he shall return all written documentation
obtained or prepared in the course of his employment with the Company within
five days following the Termination Date, including any such information which
may be embodied in computer files or data storage and shall destroy the
computer or data versions of such information within such five day period.
7. NON-COMPETITION. In further consideration of the salary
continuation payments and other benefits provided in Section 3 above, the
Executive agrees that during the term of such payments, the Executive shall not
accept employment with or perform services as either an employee or consultant
for any corporation whose business is directly competitive with any of the
lines of business or products of the Company. For the purposes of the
foregoing, it is expressly agreed that the businesses currently operated by the
Synoptics Communications, Inc., other hub and LAN products companies, cisco
Systems, Inc., and other router companies, shall be excluded from the
provisions of the foregoing Agreement. Except as set forth in the preceding
sentence, the business of the Company shall be deemed to consist of and include
the development, manufacture and sale of telecommunications hardware and
software. The geographic location of such Agreement of Non-Competition shall
consist of every county located in the United States of America and every
Province in Canada. Competitors include, but are not limited to: Newbridge,
Stratacom; T3 Plus; and Timeplex.
8. RELEASE OF CLAIMS. The Executive and the Company do hereby
for themselves and their respective legal successors and assigns, release and
absolutely and forever discharge each other and their respective shareholders,
officers, directors, employees, agents, divisions, subsidiaries, attorneys,
insurers, legal successors and assigns (hereinafter collectively referred to as
"Releases") of and from any and all employment related claims and causes of
action of every kind and nature whatsoever, whether now known or unknown,
suspected or unsuspected which either now has, owns or holds or at any time
heretofore ever had, owned or held or could, shall or may hereafter have, own
or hold against the other based upon or arising out of any matter, cause, fact,
thing, act or omission whatsoever, including, without limitation, any and all
claims which the Executive now has or ever has had or ever in the future may
have based on his employment with the Company, or the compensation for or
termination of that employment, occurring or existing at any time to and
including the date hereof. The Executive represents that he is aware of all of
the facts that are material to his decision to make this waiver and release.
9. ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF WAIVER OF CLAIMS UNDER ADEA. The Executive
acknowledges that he is waiving and releasing any rights he may have under the
Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 ("ADEA") and that this waiver and
release is knowing and voluntary. The Executive and the Company agree that
this waiver and release does not apply to any rights or claims that may arise
under ADEA after the effective date of this Agreement. Executive acknowledges
that the consideration given for this waiver and release is in addition to
anything of value to which Executive was already entitled. Executive fully
acknowledges that he has been advised that (a) he should consult with an
attorney prior to executing this Agreement; (b) he has had at least twenty-one
(21) days within which to consider this Agreement; (c) he has at least seven
(7) days following the execution of this Agreement by the parties to revoke the
Agreement; and (d) this Agreement shall not be effective until the revocation
period has expired.
<PAGE> 4
10. CIVIL CODE SECTION 1542. The Executive represents that he is
not aware of any claim in which he has an interest or which is held or owned
(in whole or in part) by him against the Company other than the claims that are
released by this Agreement. Similarly, the Company represents that it is not
aware of any claim against the Executive other than claims that are released by
this Agreement. Each party acknowledges that it is familiar with the
provisions of California Civil Code Section 1542, which provides as follows:
GENERAL RELEASE DOES NOT EXTEND TO CLAIMS WHICH THE CREDITOR DOES NOT KNOW OR
SUSPECT TO EXIST IN
HIS FAVOR AT THE TIME OF EXECUTING THAT RELEASE, WHICH IF KNOWN BY HIM MUST
HAVE MATERIALLY
AFFECTED HIS SETTLEMENT WITH THE DEBTOR.
Each party, being aware of said Code Section, agrees to expressly waive any
rights he or it may have thereunder, as well as under any other statute or
common law principles of similar effect, concerning the claims released in this
Agreement.
11. CONFIDENTIALITY. The Executive and the Company agree to
maintain in confidence, the terms of this Agreement. The Executive will take
every reasonable precaution to prevent disclosure of the terms of this
Agreement and agree not to take action directly or indirectly to publicize such
terms. The foregoing shall not prohibit either party from making accurate and
complete disclosures or statements in response to legal process or as may be
required by law, nor shall this provision require the making of any false or
misleading statements.
12. NON-DISPARAGEMENT. The Executive and the Company agree to
refrain from disparaging the other in the future.
13. NONDISCLOSURE/NON-COMPETE. The Executive hereby acknowledges
and reaffirms his obligations under the Confidential Information and Inventions
Agreement by and between the Company and the Executive.
14. ARBITRATION. In the event of any dispute arising out of the
interpretation or enforcement of this Agreement or any other issue related to
the employment of the Executive with the Company, the Executive's rights to
economic benefits arising out of such employment, the termination of such
employment or any other matter contemplated by this Agreement, such dispute
shall be determined through binding arbitration pursuant to the rules of the
American Arbitration Association. Such arbitration shall take place in San
Jose, California. In the event of any such action, the losing party shall pay
the reasonable legal fees and costs associated with such arbitration.
15. NO REPRESENTATIONS. Each party represents that it has had the
opportunity to consult with an attorney and tax advisor, and has carefully read
and understand the scope and effect of the provisions of this Agreement.
Neither party has relied upon any representations or statements made by the
other party hereto which are not specifically set forth in this Agreement.
16. ENTIRE AGREEMENT. This Agreement, represents the entire
Agreement and understanding between the Company and the Executive concerning
the Executive's termination of employment with the Company. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, the existing Confidential Information and Inventions Agreement
between the Company and the Executive shall continue in full force and effect.
Except as expressly referenced in this Agreement, all other agreements relating
to the subject matter hereof, expressly including the Letter Agreement and Term
Sheet, are hereby terminated and shall be null and void.
17. NO ORAL MODIFICATION. This Agreement may be only be amended
in writing signed by the Executive and the Company.
18. GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement shall be governed by the laws
of the State of California.
19. COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts,
and each counterpart shall have the same force and effect as the original and
shall constitute an effective, binding agreement on the part of each of the
undersigned.
<PAGE> 5
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Agreement on the
respective dates set forth below.
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
NETWORK EQUIPMENT
TECHNOLOGIES, INC. DANIEL J. WARMENHOVEN
By:
----------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------
Date:
--------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 11.1
NETWORK EQUIPMENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
STATEMENT REGARDING COMPUTATION OF PER SHARE INCOME
(IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1992 1993 1994
-------- -------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Primary
Earnings:
Net loss................................................... $(11,213) $(11,097) $(6,324)
======== ======== =======
Shares:
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding....... 14,826 15,721 16,778
Number of common equivalent shares assuming exercise of
stock options and warrants(1)............................ -- -- --
-------- -------- -------
14,826 15,721 16,778
======== ======== =======
Primary loss per share........................................ $ (.76) $ (.71) $ (.38)
======== ======== =======
Fully Diluted
Earnings:
Net loss................................................... $(11,213) $(11,097) $(6,324)
======== ======== =======
Shares:
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding....... 14,826 15,721 16,778
Number of common equivalent shares assuming exercise of
stock options and warrants(1)............................ -- -- --
Number of common equivalent shares assuming conversion of
convertible securities(1)................................ -- -- --
-------- -------- -------
14,826 15,721 16,778
======== ======== =======
Fully diluted loss per share.................................. $ (.76) $ (.71) $ (.38)
======== ======== =======
</TABLE>
- - - ---------------
(1) The assumed exercise of these common stock equivalents were excluded as they
were anti-dilutive.
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 21.1
NETWORK EQUIPMENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
SUBSIDIARIES OF REGISTRANT
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
N.E.T. Federal, Inc........................ (State of Incorporation: Delaware)
N.E.T. Credit Corp......................... (State of Incorporation: California)
N.E.T. -- Sub, Inc......................... (State of Incorporation: Delaware)
N.E.T. Europe Ltd.......................... (Incorporated Under the Laws of England)
N.E.T. Europe S.A.......................... (Incorporated Under the Laws of France)
Comdesign International, Inc............... (Incorporated Under the Laws of U.S. Virgin Islands)
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 23.1
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' CONSENT
We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statements No.
33-33013 and No. 33-33063 on Forms S-8 and Registration Statement No. 33-45815
on Form S-3 of our reports dated April 19, 1994, appearing and incorporated by
reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Network Equipment Technologies,
Inc. for the year ended March 31, 1994.
Deloitte & Touche
San Jose, California
June 24, 1994
