-9-
640550v1
[COFORM]
BY-LAWS
OF
DREYFUS GNMA FUND, INC.
(A Maryland Corporation)
___________
ARTICLE I
STOCKHOLDERS
1. CERTIFICATES REPRESENTING STOCK. Certificates representing
shares of stock shall set forth thereon the statements prescribed by
Section 2-211 of the Maryland General Corporation Law ("General Corporation
Law") and by any other applicable provision of law and shall be signed by
the Chairman of the Board or the President or a Vice President and
countersigned by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or the Treasurer or
an Assistant Treasurer and may be sealed with the corporate seal. The
signatures of any such officers may be either manual or facsimile signatures
and the corporate seal may be either facsimile or any other form of seal.
In case any such officer who has signed manually or by facsimile any such
certificate ceases to be such officer before the certificate is issued, it
nevertheless may be issued by the corporation with the same effect as if the
officer had not ceased to be such officer as of the date of its issue.
No certificate representing shares of stock shall be issued for
any share of stock until such share is fully paid, except as otherwise
authorized in Section 2-206 of the General Corporation Law.
The corporation may issue a new certificate of stock in place of
any certificate theretofore issued by it, alleged to have been lost, stolen
or destroyed, and the Board of Directors may require, in its discretion, the
owner of any such certificate or the owner's legal representative to give
bond, with sufficient surety, to the corporation to indemnify it against any
loss or claim that may arise by reason of the issuance of a new certificate.
2. SHARE TRANSFERS. Upon compliance with provisions restricting
the transferability of shares of stock, if any, transfers of shares of stock
of the corporation shall be made only on the stock transfer books of the
corporation by the record holder thereof or by his attorney thereunto
authorized by power of attorney duly executed and filed with the Secretary
of the corporation or with a transfer agent or a registrar, if any, and on
surrender of the certificate or certificates for such shares of stock
properly endorsed and the payment of all taxes due thereon.
3. RECORD DATE FOR STOCKHOLDERS. The Board of Directors may
fix, in advance, a date as the record date for the purpose of determining
stockholders entitled to notice of, or to vote at, any meeting of
stockholders, or stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or
the allotment of any rights or in order to make a determination of
stockholders for any other proper purpose. Such date, in any case, shall be
not more than 90 days, and in case of a meeting of stockholders not less
than 10 days, prior to the date on which the meeting or particular action
requiring such determination of stockholders is to be held or taken. In
lieu of fixing a record date, the Board of Directors may provide that the
stock transfer books shall be closed for a stated period but not to exceed
20 days. If the stock transfer books are closed for the purpose of
determining stockholders entitled to notice of, or to vote at, a meeting of
stockholders, such books shall be closed for at least 10 days immediately
preceding such meeting. If no record date is fixed and the stock transfer
books are not closed for the determination of stockholders: (1) The record
date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of, or to vote
at, a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day
on which the notice of meeting is mailed or the day 30 days before the
meeting, whichever is the closer date to the meeting; and (2) The record
date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive payment of a
dividend or an allotment of any rights shall be at the close of business on
the day on which the resolution of the Board of Directors declaring the
dividend or allotment of rights is adopted, provided that the payment or
allotment date shall not be more than 60 days after the date on which the
resolution is adopted.
4. MEANING OF CERTAIN TERMS. As used herein in respect of the
right to notice of a meeting of stockholders or a waiver thereof or to
participate or vote thereat or to consent or dissent in writing in lieu of a
meeting, as the case may be, the term "share of stock" or "shares of stock"
or "stockholder" or "stockholders" refers to an outstanding share or shares
of stock and to a holder or holders of record of outstanding shares of stock
when the corporation is authorized to issue only one class of shares of
stock and said reference also is intended to include any outstanding share
or shares of stock and any holder or holders of record of outstanding shares
of stock of any class or series upon which or upon whom the Charter confers
such rights where there are two or more classes or series of shares or upon
which or upon whom the General Corporation Law confers such rights
notwithstanding that the Charter may provide for more than one class or
series of shares of stock, one or more of which are limited or denied such
rights thereunder.
5. STOCKHOLDER MEETINGS.
ANNUAL MEETINGS. If a meeting of the stockholders of the
corporation is required by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended,
to elect the directors, then there shall be submitted to the stockholders at
such meeting the question of the election of directors, and a meeting called
for that purpose shall be designated the annual meeting of stockholders for
that year. In other years in which no action by stockholders is required
for the aforesaid election of directors, no annual meeting need be held.
SPECIAL MEETINGS. Special stockholder meetings for any
purpose may be called by the Board of Directors or the President and shall
be called by the Secretary for the purpose of removing a Director whenever
the holders of shares entitled to at least ten percent of all the votes
entitled to be cast at such meeting shall make a duly authorized request
that such meeting be called.
The Secretary shall call a special meeting of stockholders
for all other purposes whenever the holders of shares entitled to at least a
majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting shall make a
duly authorized request that such meeting be called. Such request shall
state the purpose of such meeting and the matters proposed to be acted on
thereat, and no other business shall be transacted at any such special
meeting.
The Secretary shall inform such stockholders of the reasonably estimated
costs of preparing and mailing the notice of the meeting, and upon payment
to the corporation of such costs, the Secretary shall give notice in the
manner provided for below.
PLACE AND TIME. Stockholder meetings shall be held at such
place, either within the State of Maryland or at such other place within the
United States, and at such date or dates as the directors from time to time
may fix.
NOTICE OR ACTUAL OR CONSTRUCTIVE WAIVER OF NOTICE. Written or
printed notice of all meetings shall be given by the Secretary and shall
state the time and place of the meeting. The notice of a special meeting
shall state in all instances the purpose or purposes for which the meeting
is called. Written or printed notice of any meeting shall be given to each
stockholder either by mail or by presenting it to the stockholder personally
or by leaving it at his or her residence or usual place of business not less
than 10 days and not more than 90 days before the date of the meeting,
unless any provisions of the General Corporation Law shall prescribe a
different elapsed period of time, to each stockholder at his or her address
appearing on the books of the corporation or the address supplied by the
stockholder for the purpose of notice. If mailed, notice shall be deemed to
be given when deposited in the United States mail addressed to the
stockholder at his or her post office address as it appears on the records
of the corporation with postage thereon prepaid. Whenever any notice of the
time, place or purpose of any meeting of stockholders is required to be
given under the provisions of these by-laws or of the General Corporation
Law, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the stockholder and filed with
the records of the meeting, whether before or after the holding thereof, or
actual attendance or representation at the meeting shall be deemed
equivalent to the giving of such notice to such stockholder. The foregoing
requirements of notice also shall apply, whenever the corporation shall have
any class of stock which is not entitled to vote, to holders of stock who
are not entitled to vote at the meeting, but who are entitled to notice
thereof and to dissent from any action taken thereat.
STATEMENT OF AFFAIRS. The President of the corporation or,
if the Board of Directors shall determine otherwise, some other executive
officer thereof, shall prepare or cause to be prepared annually a full and
correct statement of the affairs of the corporation, including a balance
sheet and a financial statement of operations for the preceding fiscal year,
which shall be filed at the principal office of the corporation in the State
of Maryland.
QUORUM. At any meeting of stockholders, the presence in
person or by proxy of stockholders entitled to cast one-third of the votes
thereat shall constitute a quorum. In the absence of a quorum, the
stockholders present in person or by proxy, by majority vote and without
notice other than by announcement, may adjourn the meeting from time to
time, but not for a period exceeding 120 days after the original record date
until a quorum shall attend.
ADJOURNED MEETINGS. A meeting of stockholders convened on
the date for which it was called (including one adjourned to achieve a
quorum as provided in the paragraph above) may be adjourned from time to
time without further notice to a date not more than 120 days after the
original record date, and any business may be transacted at any adjourned
meeting which could have been transacted at the meeting as originally
called.
CONDUCT OF MEETING. Meetings of the stockholders shall be
presided over by one of the following officers in the order of seniority and
if present and acting: the President, a Vice President or, if none of the
foregoing is in office and present and acting, by a chairman to be chosen by
the stockholders. The Secretary of the corporation or, in his or her
absence, an Assistant Secretary, shall act as secretary of every meeting,
but if neither the Secretary nor an Assistant Secretary is present the
chairman of the meeting shall appoint a secretary of the meeting.
PROXY REPRESENTATION. Every stockholder may authorize
another person or persons to act for him by proxy in all matters in which a
stockholder is entitled to participate, whether for the purposes of
determining the stockholder's presence at a meeting, or whether by waiving
notice of any meeting, voting or participating at a meeting, expressing
consent or dissent without a meeting or otherwise. Every proxy shall be
executed in writing by the stockholder or by his or her duly authorized
attorney-in-fact or be in such other form as may be permitted by the
Maryland General Corporation Law, including documents conveyed by electronic
transmission and filed with the Secretary of the corporation. A copy,
facsimile transmission or other reproduction of the writing or transmission
may be substituted for the original writing or transmission for any purpose
for which the original transmission could be used. No unrevoked proxy shall
be valid after 11 months from the date of its execution, unless a longer
time is expressly provided therein. The placing of a stockholder's name on
a proxy pursuant to telephonic or electronically transmitted instructions
obtained pursuant to procedures reasonably designed to verify that such
instructions have been authorized by such stockholder shall constitute
execution of such proxy by or on behalf of such stockholder.
INSPECTORS OF ELECTION. The directors, in advance of any
meeting, may, but need not, appoint one or more inspectors to act at the
meeting or any adjournment thereof. If an inspector or inspectors are not
appointed, the person presiding at the meeting may, but need not, appoint
one or more inspectors. In case any person who may be appointed as an
inspector fails to appear or act, the vacancy may be filled by appointment
made by the directors in advance of the meeting or at the meeting by the
person presiding thereat. Each inspector, if any, before entering upon the
discharge of his duties, shall take and sign an oath to execute faithfully
the duties of inspector at such meeting with strict impartiality and
according to the best of his ability. The inspectors, if any, shall
determine the number of shares outstanding and the voting power of each, the
shares represented at the meeting, the existence of a quorum and the
validity and effect of proxies, and shall receive votes, ballots or
consents, hear and determine all challenges and questions arising in
connection with the right to vote, count and tabulate all votes, ballots or
consents, determine the result and do such acts as are proper to conduct the
election or vote with fairness to all stockholders. On request of the
person presiding at the meeting or any stockholder, the inspector or
inspectors, if any, shall make a report in writing of any challenge,
question or matter determined by him or them and execute a certificate of
any fact found by him or them.
VOTING. Each share of stock shall entitle the holder thereof
to one vote, except in the election of directors, at which each said vote
may be cast for as many persons as there are directors to be elected.
Except for election of directors, a majority of the votes cast at a meeting
of stockholders, duly called and at which a quorum is present, shall be
sufficient to take or authorize action upon any matter which may come before
a meeting, unless more than a majority of votes cast is required by the
corporation's Articles of Incorporation. A plurality of all the votes cast
at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be sufficient to elect a
director.
6. INFORMAL ACTION. Any action required or permitted to be
taken at a meeting of stockholders may be taken without a meeting if a
consent in writing, setting forth such action, is signed by all the
stockholders entitled to vote on the subject matter thereof and any other
stockholders entitled to notice of a meeting of stockholders (but not to
vote thereat) have waived in writing any rights which they may have to
dissent from such action and such consent and waiver are filed with the
records of the corporation.
For Funds offered exclusively to insurance products and retirement
plans:
7. LIMITATION ON THE SALE OF SHARES OF STOCK IN THE CORPORATION.
Shares of stock in the corporation shall not be sold to individuals and
entities other than Participating Insurance Companies, as defined by the
Board of Directors, pursuant to variable annuity and variable life insurance
contracts, and Eligible Plans, as defined by the Board of Directors. Sales
of shares of stock in the corporation to individuals or entities other than
Participating Insurance Companies or Eligible Plans are unauthorized and
shall be deemed invalid and void ab ibnitio.
ARTICLE II
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
1. FUNCTIONS AND DEFINITION. The business and affairs of the
corporation shall be managed under the direction of a Board of Directors.
The use of the phrase "entire board" herein refers to the total number of
directors which the corporation would have if there were no vacancies.
2. QUALIFICATIONS AND NUMBER. Each director shall be a natural
person of full age. A director need not be a stockholder, a citizen of the
United States or a resident of the State of Maryland. The initial Board of
Directors shall consist of one person. Thereafter, the number of directors
constituting the entire board shall never be less than three or the number
of stockholders, whichever is less. At any regular meeting or at any
special meeting called for that purpose, a majority of the entire Board of
Directors may increase or decrease the number of directors, provided that
the number thereof shall never be less than three or the number of
stockholders, whichever is less, nor more than twelve and further provided
that the tenure of office of a director shall not be affected by any
decrease in the number of directors.
3. ELECTION AND TERM. The first Board of Directors shall
consist of the director named in the Articles of Incorporation and shall
hold office until the first meeting of stockholders or until his or her
successor has been elected and qualified. Thereafter, directors who are
elected at a meeting of stockholders, and directors who are elected in the
interim to fill vacancies and newly created directorships, shall hold office
until their successors have been elected and qualified, as amended. Newly
created directorships and any vacancies in the Board of Directors, other
than vacancies resulting from the removal of directors by the stockholders,
may be filled by the Board of Directors, subject to the provisions of the
Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. Newly created directorships
filled by the Board of Directors shall be by action of a majority of the
entire Board of Directors then in office. All vacancies to be filled by the
Board of Directors may be filled by a majority of the remaining members of
the Board of Directors, although such majority is less than a quorum
thereof.
4. MEETINGS.
TIME. Meetings shall be held at such time as the Board of
Directors shall fix, except that the first meeting of a newly elected Board
of Directors shall be held as soon after its election as the directors
conveniently may assemble.
PLACE. Meetings shall be held at such place within or
without the State of Maryland as shall be fixed by the Board.
CALL. No call shall be required for regular meetings for
which the time and place have been fixed. Special meetings may be called by
or at the direction of the President or of a majority of the directors in
office.
NOTICE OR ACTUAL OR CONSTRUCTIVE WAIVER. Whenever any notice
of the time, place or purpose of any meeting of directors or any committee
thereof is required to be given under the provisions of the General
Corporation Law or of these by-laws, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by
the director or committee member entitled to such notice and filed with the
records of the meeting, whether before or after the holding thereof, or
actual attendance at the meeting shall be deemed equivalent to the giving of
such notice to such director or such committee member.
QUORUM AND ACTION. A majority of the entire Board of
Directors shall constitute a quorum except when a vacancy or vacancies
prevents such majority, whereupon a majority of the directors in office
shall constitute a quorum, provided such majority shall constitute at least
one-third of the entire Board and, in no event, less than two directors. A
majority of the directors present, whether or not a quorum is present, may
adjourn a meeting to another time and place. Except as otherwise
specifically provided by the Articles of Incorporation, the General
Corporation Law or these by-laws, the action of a majority of the directors
present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the action of the
Board of Directors.
CHAIRMAN OF THE MEETING. The Chairman of the Board, if any
and if present and acting, or the President or any other director chosen by
the Board, shall preside at all meetings.
5. REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS. Any or all of the directors may be
removed for cause or without cause by the stockholders, who may elect a
successor or successors to fill any resulting vacancy or vacancies for the
unexpired term of the removed director or directors.
6. COMMITTEES. The Board of Directors may appoint from among
its members an Executive Committee and other committees composed of one or
more directors and may delegate to such committee or committees, in the
intervals between meetings of the Board of Directors, any or all of the
powers of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and
affairs of the corporation, except the power to amend the by-laws, to
approve any merger or share exchange which does not require stockholder
approval, to authorize dividends, to issue stock (except to the extent
permitted by law) or to recommend to stockholders any action requiring the
stockholders' approval. In the absence of any member of any such committee,
the members thereof present at any meeting, whether or not they constitute a
quorum, may appoint a member of the Board of Directors to act in the place
of such absent member.
7. INFORMAL ACTION. Any action required or permitted to be
taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof
may be taken without a meeting, if a written consent to such action is
signed by all members of the Board of Directors or any such committee, as
the case may be, and such written consent is filed with the minutes of the
proceedings of the Board or any such committee.
Members of the Board of Directors or any committee designated
thereby may participate in a meeting of such Board or committee by means of
a conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which
all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same
time. Participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at a
meeting.
ARTICLE III
OFFICERS
The corporation may have a Chairman of the Board and shall have a
President, a Secretary and a Treasurer, who shall be elected by the Board of
Directors, and may have such other officers, assistant officers and agents
as the Board of Directors shall authorize from time to time. Any two or
more offices, except those of President and Vice President, may be held by
the same person, but no person shall execute, acknowledge or verify any
instrument in more than one capacity, if such instrument is required by law
to be executed, acknowledged or verified by two or more officers.
Any officer or agent may be removed by the Board of Directors
whenever, in its judgment, the best interests of the corporation will be
served thereby.
ARTICLE IV
PRINCIPAL OFFICE - RESIDENT AGENT - STOCK LEDGER
The address of the principal office of the corporation in the
State of Maryland prescribed by the General Corporation Law is 300 East
Lombard Street, c/o The Corporation Trust Incorporated, Baltimore, Maryland
21202. The name and address of the resident agent in the State of Maryland
prescribed by the General Corporation Law are: The Corporation Trust
Incorporated, 300 East Lombard Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202.
The corporation shall maintain, at its principal office in the
State of Maryland prescribed by the General Corporation Law or at the
business office or an agency of the corporation, an original or duplicate
stock ledger containing the names and addresses of all stockholders and the
number of shares of each class held by each stockholder. Such stock ledger
may be in written form or any other form capable of being converted into
written form within a reasonable time for visual inspection.
The corporation shall keep at said principal office in the State
of Maryland the original or a certified copy of the by-laws, including all
amendments thereto, and shall duly file thereat the annual statement of
affairs of the corporation prescribed by Section 2-313 of the General
Corporation Law.
ARTICLE V
CORPORATE SEAL
The corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of the
corporation and shall be in such form and contain such other words and/or
figures as the Board of Directors shall determine or the law require.
ARTICLE VI
FISCAL YEAR
The fiscal year of the corporation or any series thereof shall be
fixed, and shall be subject to change, by the Board of Directors.
ARTICLE VII
CONTROL OVER BY-LAWS
The power to make, alter, amend and repeal the by-laws is vested
exclusively in the Board of Directors of the corporation.
ARTICLE VIII
INDEMNIFICATION
1. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS. The corporation
shall indemnify its directors to the fullest extent that indemnification of
directors is permitted by the law. The corporation shall indemnify its
officers to the same extent as its directors and to such further extent as
is consistent with law. The corporation shall indemnify its directors and
officers who while serving as directors or officers also serve at the
request of the corporation as a director, officer, partner, trustee,
employee, agent or fiduciary of another corporation, partnership, joint
venture, trust, other enterprise or employee benefit plan to the same extent
as its directors and, in the case of officers, to such further extent as is
consistent with law. The indemnifi-cation and other rights provided by this
Article shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director or
officer and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and
administrators of such a person. This Article shall not protect any such
person against any liability to the corporation or any stockholder thereof
to which such person would otherwise be subject by reason of willful
misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties
involved in the conduct of his office ("disabling conduct").
2. ADVANCES. Any current or former director or officer of the
corporation seeking indemnification within the scope of this Article shall
be entitled to advances from the corporation for payment of the reasonable
expenses incurred by him in connection with the matter as to which he is
seeking indemnification in the manner and to the fullest extent permissible
under the General Corporation Law. The person seeking indemnification shall
provide to the corporation a written affirmation of his good faith belief
that the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the
corporation has been met and a written undertaking to repay any such advance
if it should ultimately be determined that the standard of conduct has not
been met. In addition, at least one of the following additional conditions
shall be met: (a) the person seeking indemnification shall provide a
security in form and amount acceptable to the corporation for his or her
undertaking; (b) the corporation is insured against losses arising by reason
of the advance; or (c) a majority of a quorum of directors of the
corporation who are neither "interested persons" as defined in
Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, nor
parties to the proceeding ("disinterested non-party directors"), or
independent legal counsel, in a written opinion, shall have determined,
based on a review of facts readily available to the corporation at the time
the advance is proposed to be made, that there is reason to believe that the
person seeking indemnification will ultimately be found to be entitled to
indemnification.
3. PROCEDURE. At the request of any person claiming
indemnification under this Article, the Board of Directors shall determine,
or cause to be determined, in a manner consistent with the General
Corporation Law, whether the standards required by this Article have been
met. Indemnification shall be made only following: (a) a final decision on
the merits by a court or other body before whom the proceeding was brought
that the person to be indemnified was not liable by reason of disabling
conduct or (b) in the absence of such a decision, a reasonable
determination, based upon a review of the facts, that the person to be
indemnified was not liable by reason of disabling conduct by (i) the vote of
a majority of a quorum of disinterested non-party directors or (ii) an
independent legal counsel in a written opinion.
4. INDEMNIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES AND AGENTS. Employees and
agents who are not officers or directors of the corporation may be
indemnified, and reasonable expenses may be advanced to such employees or
agents, as may be provided by action of the Board of Directors or by
contract, subject to any limitations imposed by the Investment Company Act
of 1940, as amended.
5. OTHER RIGHTS. The Board of Directors may make further
provision consistent with law for indemnification and advance of expenses to
directors, officers, employees and agents by resolution, agreement or
otherwise. The indemnification provided by this Article shall not be deemed
exclusive of any other right, with respect to indemnification or otherwise,
to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under any insurance
or other agreement or resolution of stockholders or disinterested non-party
directors or otherwise.
6. AMENDMENTS. References in this Article are to the General
Corporation Law and to the Investment Company Act of 1940 as from time to
time amended. No amendment of the by-laws shall affect any right of any
person under this Article based on any event, omission or proceeding prior
to the amendment.
October 18, 1989
As amended: February 23, 1998
