PHYSICIANS INSURANCE CO OF OHIO
SC 13D, 1996-12-02
SURETY INSURANCE
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                       SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
                             Washington, D.C. 20549

                                  SCHEDULE 13D

                    Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
                                (Amendment No. )*


                               PICO Holdings, Inc.
                                (Name of Issuer)


                         Common Stock, $0.001 par value
                         (Title of Class of Securities)

                                   693366 10 6
                                 (CUSIP Number)

                                 James F. Mosier
                            13515 Yarmouth Drive, NW
                            Pickerington, Ohio 43147
                                 (614) 864-7100
                  (Name, Address and Telephone Number of Person
                Authorized to Receive Notices and Communications)

                                November 20, 1996
             (Date of Event which Requires Filing of this Statement)

If the filing person has previously  filed a statement on Schedule 13G to report
the  acquisition  which is the subject of this  Schedule 13D, and is filing this
schedule because of Rule 13d-1(b)(3) or (4), check the following box. [___]

Note: Six copies of this statement, including all exhibits, should be filed with
the  Commission.  See Rule  13d-1(a) for other  parties to whom copies are to be
sent.

*The  remainder of this cover page shall be filled out for a reporting  person's
initial filing on this form with respect to the subject class of securities, and
for  any  subsequent   amendment   containing   information  which  would  alter
disclosures provided in a prior cover page.

The information required on the remainder of this cover page shall not be deemed
to be "filed" for the purpose of Section 18 of the  Securities  Exchange  Act of
1934 ("Act") or otherwise  subject to the liabilities of that section of the Act
but  shall be  subject  to all other  provisions  of the Act  (however,  see the
Notes).



<PAGE>


                                  SCHEDULE 13D



1.    NAME OF REPORTING PERSON
      S.S. OR I.R.S. IDENTIFICATION NO. OF ABOVE PERSON:

            Global Equity Corporation


2.    CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX IF A MEMBER OF A GROUP (SEE INSTRUCTIONS):
                                                         (a)   X

                                                         (b) ____

3.    SEC USE ONLY:



4.    SOURCE OF FUNDS (SEE INSTRUCTIONS):

            OO

5.    CHECK BOX IF DISCLOSURE OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS IS REQUIRED
      PURSUANT TO ITEMS 2(d) or 2(e):                         ____

6.    CITIZENSHIP OR PLACE OF ORGANIZATION:

            Ontario, Canada

NUMBER OF SHARES BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON WITH:

7.  SOLE VOTING POWER:           4,258,415 shares
8.  SHARED VOTING POWER:         None
9.  SOLE DISPOSITIVE POWER:      4,258,415 shares
10. SHARED DISPOSITIVE POWER:    None

11.    AGGREGATE AMOUNT BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON:

            4,258,415 shares

12.    CHECK BOX IF THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT IN ROW (11) EXCLUDES
       CERTAIN SHARES (SEE INSTRUCTIONS):              ____


13.    PERCENT OF CLASS REPRESENTED BY AMOUNT IN ROW (11):

            13.1%

14.    TYPE OF REPORTING PERSON (SEE INSTRUCTIONS):

            CO


                                      -2-
<PAGE>


                                 SCHEDULE 13D



1.    NAME OF REPORTING PERSON
      S.S. OR I.R.S. IDENTIFICATION NO. OF ABOVE PERSON:

            Physicians Insurance Company of Ohio


2.    CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX IF A MEMBER OF A GROUP (SEE INSTRUCTIONS):
                                                         (a)   X

                                                         (b) ____

3.    SEC USE ONLY:



4.    SOURCE OF FUNDS (SEE INSTRUCTIONS):

            OO

5.    CHECK BOX IF DISCLOSURE OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS IS REQUIRED
      PURSUANT TO ITEMS 2(d) or 2(e):                         ____

6.    CITIZENSHIP OR PLACE OF ORGANIZATION:

            Ohio

NUMBER OF SHARES BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON WITH:

7.  SOLE VOTING POWER:           4,258,415 shares
8.  SHARED VOTING POWER:         None
9.  SOLE DISPOSITIVE POWER:      4,258,415 shares
10. SHARED DISPOSITIVE POWER:    None

11.    AGGREGATE AMOUNT BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON:

            4,258,415 shares

12.    CHECK BOX IF THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT IN ROW (11) EXCLUDES
       CERTAIN SHARES (SEE INSTRUCTIONS):              ____


13.    PERCENT OF CLASS REPRESENTED BY AMOUNT IN ROW (11):

            13.1%

14.    TYPE OF REPORTING PERSON (SEE INSTRUCTIONS):

            IC


                                      -3-
<PAGE>


Item 1.  Security and Issuer.

     This Schedule 13D relates to the Common  Stock,  $0.001 par value per share
(the "Common Stock"), of PICO Holdings, Inc. (the "Issuer").  The address of the
principal executive offices of the Issuer is 875 Prospect Street,  Suite 301, La
Jolla, California 92037.

Item 2.  Identity and Background.

     The persons filing this Schedule 13D are Global Equity Corporation  ("GEC")
and Physicians Insurance Company of Ohio ("Physicians").

     A. GEC is an Ontario,  Canada  corporation.  GEC  currently  engages,  both
directly and through its various  subsidiaries,  in  investment  banking,  asset
management and corporate finance activities on an international  basis.  Through
its  subsidiaries,  GEC is also  involved  in  agricultural  services  and  food
processing,  tea and commodity brokering operations,  stockbrokering  operations
and plantation services and management.

     The directors of GEC include:

     (i) Ronald Langley,  whose business address is 875 Prospect  Street,  Suite
301, La Jolla, California 92037. Mr. Langley served as Chairman of the Boards of
GEC, Physicians and the Issuer. Mr. Langley is a citizen of Australia.

     (ii) John R. Hart,  whose business  address is 875 Prospect  Street,  Suite
301,  La  Jolla,  California  92037.  Mr.  Hart  serves as  President  and Chief
Executive  Officer of GEC,  Physicians and the Issuer.  Mr. Hart is a citizen of
the United States.

     (iii) James D. Hamilton, whose business address is 30A Hazelton Avenue, 4th
Floor, Toronto, Canada M5R 2E2. Mr. Hamilton is President and Director of Forbes
& Walker Securities Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of GEC. Mr. Hamilton is a
citizen of Australia.

     (iv) Stephen H. Halperin, whose business address is 250 Yonge Street, Suite
2400,  Toronto,  Ontario,  Canada M5B 2M6. Mr. Halperin is a partner in Goodman,
Phillips & Vineberg,  barristers and  solicitors.  Mr.  Halperin is a citizen of
Canada.

     (v) Paul B. Brent,  whose  business  address is 80 Richmond  Street,  West,
Suite  1850,  Toronto,  Ontario,  Canada  M5H  2A4.  Mr.  Brent  is a  financial
consultant. Mr. Brent is a citizen of Canada.

     The  executive  officers of GEC,  in addition to Messrs.  Langley and Hart,
include:

     (i) Christine Veira,  whose business  address is 30A Hazelton  Avenue,  4th
Floor,  Toronto,  Ontario,  Canada M5R 2E2. Ms. Veira is Assistant  Secretary of
GEC. Ms. Veira is a citizen of Canada.

     (ii) James F. Mosier, whose business address is 13515 Yarmouth Drive, N.W.,
Pickerington,  Ohio 43147.  Mr. Mosier serves as Secretary of GEC and as General
Counsel and Corporate  Secretary of Physicians  and the Issuer.  Mr. Mosier is a
citizen of the United States.

                                      -4-
<PAGE>

     B.  Physicians is an Ohio licensed  insurance  corporation  which  operates
primarily  as  a  diversified  investment  and  insurance  company.  Physicians'
business  address is 13515  Yarmouth  Drive,  N.W.,  Pickerington,  Ohio  43147.
Physicians owns approximately 38% of the shares and voting power of GEC.

     The directors of Physicians include:

     (i) S. Walter  Foulkrod,  III, Esq.,  whose  business  address is S. Walter
Foulkrod, III & Associates, P.O. Box 6600, Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania 17112-0600.
Mr.  Foulkrod  is an  attorney  and  the  owner  of S.  Walter  Foulkrod,  III &
Associates, Attorneys at Law. Mr. Foulkrod is a citizen of the United States.

     (ii) Richard D.  Ruppert,  MD,  whose  residence  address is 2710  Falmouth
Drive, P.O. Box 352855, Toledo, Ohio 43635-2855. Dr. Ruppert is a physician. Dr.
Ruppert is a citizen of the United States.

     (iii) Dr.  Gary H.  Weiss,  whose  business  address  is Level 24, 2 Market
Street, Sydney 2000 Australia. Dr. Weiss is a barrister and solicitor and serves
as Executive  Director of Guiness Peat Group plc, an investment holding company.
Dr. Weiss is a citizen of Australia and New Zealand.

     (iv) John R. Hart, whose background is described in Item 2(A) above.

     (v) Ronald Langley, whose background is described in Item 2(A) above.

     (vi) John D. Weil, whose business address is 200 North Broadway, Suite 825,
St.  Louis,  Missouri  63102-2573.  Mr.  Weil  serves as  President  of  Clayton
Management Company, a strategic investment company. Mr. Weil is a citizen of the
United States.

     The executive  officers of Physicians,  in addition to Messrs.  Langley and
Hart, are:

     (i) Richard H.  Sharpe,  whose  business  address is  Physicians  Insurance
Company of Ohio,  13515 Yarmouth  Drive,  N.W.,  Pickerington,  Ohio 43147.  Mr.
Sharpe serves as Chief Operating  Officer of Physicians and the Issuer.  He is a
citizen of the United States.

     (ii)  Martha G.  Althauser,  Esq.,  whose  business  address is  Physicians
Insurance Company of Ohio, 13515 Yarmouth Drive, N.W., Pickerington, Ohio 43147.
Ms. Althauser serves as Vice President,  Claims of Physicians.  She is an United
States citizen.

     (iii) Gary W. Burchfield,  whose business  address is Physicians  Insurance
Company of Ohio,  13515 Yarmouth  Drive,  N.W.,  Pickerington,  Ohio 43147.  Mr.
Burchfield serves as Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of Physicians and the
Issuer. He is an United States citizen.

     (iv) James F.  Mosier,  Esq.,  whose  background  is described in Item 2(A)
above.

     C. The Issuer is a California  insurance  holding  company which became the
parent of  Physicians  as a result of the merger  described in Item 3 below.  In
addition to being the parent of  Physicians,  the Issuer is the direct parent of
Citation  Insurance  Company  and  the  indirect  parent  of  Citation  National

                                      -5-
<PAGE>


Insurance   Company,   which  are  principally   engaged  in  writing   workers'
compensation  and  commercial  property  and  casualty  insurance.  The Issuer's
business address is 875 Prospect Street, Suite 301, La Jolla, California 92037.

     The directors of the Issuer include:

     (i) S. Walter  Foulkrod,  III, Esq.,  whose background is described in Item
2(B) above.

     (ii) Richard D.  Ruppert,  MD, whose  background  is described in Item 2(B)
above.

     (iii) Dr. Gary H. Weiss, whose background is described in Item 2(B) above.

     (iv) John R. Hart, whose background is described in Item 2(A) above.

     (v) Ronald Langley, whose background is described in Item 2(A) above.

     (vi) John D. Weil, whose background is described in Item 2(B) above.

     (vii) Robert R.  Broadbent,  whose  business  address is Tower City Center,
2900 Terminal  Tower,  Cleveland,  Ohio  44113-2204.  Mr.  Broadbent is a retail
consultant. Mr. Broadbent is a citizen of the United States.

     (viii)  Marshall J. Burak,  whose business  address is College of Business,
San  Jose  State  University,   One  Washington  Square,  San  Jose,  California
95192-0065.  Mr.  Burak is  Professor  of  Finance  and Dean of the  College  of
Business  of San Jose  State  University.  Mr.  Burak is a citizen of the United
States.

     (ix) Paul M.  Bancroft,  whose business  address is One Almaden  Boulevard,
Suite 300, San Jose, California 95113-2213. Mr. Bancroft is a financial advisor.
Mr. Bancroft is a citizen of the United States.

     The executive  officers of the Issuer,  in addition to Messrs.  Langley and
Hart, are:

     (i) Gary W. Burchfield, whose background is described in Item 2(B) above.

     (ii) James F.  Mosier,  Esq.,  whose  background  is described in Item 2(A)
above.

     (iii) Richard H. Sharpe, whose background is described in Item 2(B) above.

     D. The Issuer is controlled by Guinness Peat Group plc ("GPG"),  an English
investment holding company whose business address is Second Floor, 21-26 Garlick
Hill,  London  EC4V 2AU  England,  as a result of GPG's  ownership  of shares of
Holdings.  Based upon information  contained in the Schedule 13D, and Amendments
No. 1, 2, 3 and 4 thereto,  filed by GPG in respect of its beneficial  ownership
of shares of Class A Common  Stock of  Physicians  prior to the  Merger  whereby
Physicians  became a wholly-owned  subsidiary of the Issuer  (collectively,  the
"GPG  Schedule  13D"),  Physicians  is aware that the  directors  and  executive
officers of GPG are as follows:

                                      -6-
<PAGE>


     Directors and Executive Officers of GPG

     (i)  Maurice  William  Loomes,  who is a  citizen  of  Australia  and whose
business address is Level 24, 2 Market Street, Sydney 2000 Australia. Mr. Loomes
is a director of GPG.

     (ii) Anthony Ian Gibbs,  who is a citizen of New Zealand and whose business
address is c/o  Registry  Managers  (New  Zealand  Limited),  Private Bag 92119,
Auckland 1030 New Zealand. Mr. Gibbs is a director of GPG.

     (iii) Sir Ron Brierley,  who is a citizen of New Zealand and whose business
address is Guinness  Peat Group plc,  Second Floor,  21-26 Garlick Hill,  London
EC4V 2AU England. Sir Ron is Chairman of the Board and a director of GPG.

     (iv) Trevor J.N. Beyer,  who is a citizen of New Zealand and whose business
address is Guinness  Peat Group plc,  Second Floor,  21-26 Garlick Hill,  London
EC4V 2AU England. Mr. Beyer is a director of GPG.

     (v) Blake A.  Nixon,  who is a citizen of New  Zealand  and whose  business
address is Guinness  Peat Group plc,  Second Floor,  21-26 Garlick Hill,  London
EC4V 2AU England.  Mr. Nixon is a director and Executive  Director in the United
Kingdom of GPG.

     (vi) Dr.  Gary H.  Weiss,  who is a  director  and  Executive  Director  in
Australia of GPG. Dr. Weiss' background is described in Item 2(A) above.

     (vii) J.  Richard  Russell,  who is a citizen  of Great  Britain  and whose
business  address is Guinness Peat Group plc, Second Floor,  21-26 Garlick Hill,
London EC4V 2AU England. Mr. Russell is Secretary of GPG.

     E. During the last five years, none of GEC,  Physicians and the Issuer and,
to the best knowledge of GEC,  Physicians and the Issuer,  the individuals named
in Items 2(A),  2(B) and 2(C), has been convicted in a criminal  proceeding.  To
the best knowledge of Physicians,  based upon the  information  contained in the
GPG Schedule  13D, none of GPG and the  individuals  named in Item 2(D) has been
convicted in a criminal proceeding.

     F. During the last five years, none of GEC,  Physicians and the Issuer and,
to the best knowledge of GEC,  Physicians and the Issuer,  the individuals named
in Items 2(A), 2(B) and 2(C), was a party to a civil proceeding of a judicial or
administrative body of competent jurisdiction resulting in a judgment, decree or
final  order  enjoining  future  violations  of,  or  prohibiting  or  mandating
activities subject to, federal or state securities laws or finding any violation
with respect to such laws. To the best knowledge of  Physicians,  based upon the
information  contained in the GPG Schedule 13D, none of GPG and the  individuals
named in Item 2(D) has been a party to such a civil proceeding.

Item 3.  Source and Amount of Funds or Other Consideration.

     As contemplated by that certain Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated
as of May 1, 1996, as amended,  by and among  Physicians,  the Issuer (which was
then  known  as  "Citation   Insurance  Group")  and  Citation  Holdings,   Inc.
("Holdings"),  on November 20, 1996, Holdings, a wholly-owned  subsidiary of the
Issuer,  merged with and into Physicians (the "Merger") and Physicians  became a

                                      -7-
<PAGE>

wholly-owned subsidiary of the Issuer. Following the consummation of the Merger,
the Issuer changed its name from "Citation  Insurance  Group" to "PICO Holdings,
Inc." In connection with the Merger,  each Class A Common Share, $1.00 per value
(the  "Physicians  Shares"),  of Physicians  was converted into 5.0099 shares of
Common Stock of the Issuer. As a result, in exchange for the 850,000  Physicians
Shares  owned by it, GEC  received  4,258,415  shares of the Common Stock of the
Issuer.

Item 4.  Purpose of Transaction.

     See Item 3 above.

Item 5.  Interest in Securities of the Issuer.

(a)(b) As of the date of this Schedule  13D, GEC  beneficially  owned  4,258,415
shares of Common  Stock of the Issuer (or  approximately  13.1% of the shares of
Common Stock of the Issuer outstanding),  in respect of which it has sole voting
and investment  power.  By virtue of its ownership of  approximately  38% of the
outstanding  shares and voting  power of GEC,  Physicians  may also be deemed to
indirectly  beneficially  own the 4,258,415 shares of Common Stock of the Issuer
(or approximately 13.1% of the shares of Common Stock of the Issuer outstanding)
reported  herein  as  beneficially  owned  by GEC.  Under  California  law,  any
corporation  deemed a subsidiary  of a parent  corporation  is  prohibited  from
voting  shares of the parent which are held by such  subsidiary.  A  corporation
will be deemed a subsidiary for voting purposes if 25% of its outstanding shares
are owned directly or indirectly by the parent  corporation.  Accordingly,  GEC,
38% of which is owned  indirectly  by the  Issuer,  will not be able to vote the
shares of the Common Stock of the Issuer which it owns.

            GEC also has an option to  purchase  $825,000  more of newly  issued
shares of Common Stock of the Issuer, pursuant to the Agreement for Purchase and
Sale of Shares,  dated May 9, 1996,  between GEC, GPG and  Physicians  (the "GEC
Agreement"),  to which the Issuer became subject as a result of the Merger.  The
purchase  price  would be the  average of the  closing  bid prices for shares of
Common  Stock of the Issuer on The Nasdaq  Stock  Market for the 20 trading days
immediately  preceding  the date when GEC gives notice of  purchase.  The option
will expire if GEC's  ownership of the Issuer's  Common Stock  becomes less than
7.5%.  Also,  pursuant to the GEC  Agreement,  until  December 10, 1996,  if the
Issuer issues  additional  equity  securities of any class or type,  GEC has the
prior right and option to participate in the issuance of such equity  securities
in an amount not to exceed  $5,000,000 in aggregate  purchase price.  The Issuer
has, pursuant to the GEC Agreement,  a first right to purchase any Issuer Common
Stock which GEC desires to sell.

            To the knowledge of GEC and  Physicians,  the following  persons are
the only  persons  (in  addition  to GEC and  Physicians)  who may be deemed the
beneficial owners of shares of the Issuer's Common Stock:

       (a) GPG -- 6,065,871 shares (18.7% of outstanding).  GPG has an option to
purchase  $1,175,000  more of newly issued shares of Common Stock of the Issuer,
pursuant to the  Agreement  for Purchase and Sale of Stock,  dated  November 23,
1993,  among GPG, Quaker Holdings  Limited and Physicians (as amended,  the "GPG
Agreement"),  to which the Issuer became subject as a result of the Merger.  The
purchase  price  would be the  average of the  closing  bid prices for shares of
Common  Stock of the Issuer on The Nasdaq  Stock  Market for the 20 trading days
immediately  preceding  the date when GPG gives notice of purchase.  This option
will expire if GPG's  ownership of shares of the Issuer's  Common Stock  becomes
less than 7.5%. The Issuer has, pursuant to the GPG Agreement,  a first right to
purchase  any shares of the  Issuer's  Common  Stock  which GPG desires to sell,
except for sales to Ronald Langley and John R. Hart.

                                      -8-
<PAGE>


     (b) John D. Weil -- 2,188,324 shares (6.8% of  outstanding).  Mr. Weil owns
1,737,934  shares directly and has indirect  ownership of an additional  450,390
shares.

     (c) John R. Hart -- 1,908,847 shares (5.7% of outstanding).  Mr. Hart holds
an option to  purchase  up to  1,032,115  shares of the  Issuer's  Common  Stock
presently  owned by GPG and a  currently  exercisable  stock  option to purchase
876,732 shares from the Issuer.

     (d) Ronald Langley -- 1,908,847 shares (5.7% of  outstanding).  Mr. Langley
has an option to purchase up to 1,032,115  shares of the  Issuer's  Common Stock
presently  owned by GPG and a  currently  exercisable  stock  option to purchase
876,732 shares from the Issuer.

     (e) Richard D. Ruppert,  M.D. -- 31,397 shares (less than 1%). Dr.  Ruppert
shares voting and investment power with respect to these shares with his wife.

     (f) S. Walter Foulkrod, III, Esq. -- 12,524 shares (less than 1%).

     (g) Dr.  Gary H. Weiss -- 6,497  shares  (less than 1%).  Does not  include
shares held by GPG.

     (h) Robert R. Broadbent -- 20,039 shares (less than 1%).

     (i) Richard H. Sharpe -- 211,783 shares (less than 1%). Includes  currently
exercisable stock option to purchase up to 200,396 shares from Issuer.

     (j) James F. Mosier -- 149,435  shares (less than 1%).  Includes  currently
exercisable stock option to purchase up to 140,277 shares from Issuer.

     (k) Gary W. Burchfield -- 151,339 shares (less than 1%). Includes currently
exercisable stock option to purchase up to 140,277 shares from Issuer.

     (l) Martha G.  Althauser  -- 1,603  shares  (less than 1%).  Includes  1502
shares held as administrator of estate of her father.

     (m) Paul M.  Bancroft -- 111,555  shares  (less than 1%).  Includes  24,137
shares as to which Mr. Bancroft disclaims beneficial ownership.


(c)    See Item 3 above.

(d)    See Items 5(a) and 5(b) above.

(e)    Not applicable.

Item 6.  Contracts, Arrangements, Understandings or Relationships with
Respect to Securities of the Issuer.

     See Items 2, 5(a) and 5(b) above.

Item 7.  Material to be Filed as Exhibits:

    Exhibit A -   Joint  Filing  Agreement,  dated December 2, 1996, among  PICO
                  Holdings,  Inc.,  Physicians  Insurance  Company of Ohio,  and
                  Global Equity Corporation [Page __].

                                      -9-
<PAGE>


    Exhibit B -   Agreement and  Plan of  Reorganization  by  and among Citation
                  Insurance  Group,  Citation  Holdings,   Inc.  and  Physicians
                  Insurance  Company  of  Ohio,  dated  as of May 1,  1996,  and
                  Amendment  to  Agreement  and  Plan of  Reorganization,  dated
                  August 14, 1996 and related  Agreement of Merger,  dated as of
                  August  ____,  1996,  between  Citation  Holdings,   Inc.  and
                  Physicians  Insurance Company of Ohio [Incorporated  herein by
                  reference to Exhibit 2.2 to Amendment  No. 1 to Form S-4 filed
                  with the SEC by Citation Insurance Group on September 20, 1996
                  [Registration No. 333-06671]].

    Exhibit C -   Second  Amendment  to  Agreement  and  Plan of Reorganization,
                  dated as of November 12, 1996, among Citation Insurance Group,
                  Citation Holdings, Inc. and Physicians  Insurance  Company  of
                  Ohio. [Page 13]


                                      -10-

<PAGE>


Signature.

            After reasonable inquiry and to the best of my knowledge and belief,
I certify that the information set forth in this statement is true, complete and
correct.

Date:  December 2, 1996       PHYSICIANS INSURANCE COMPANY OF OHIO


                               By:  /s/ James F. Mosier
                                        ______________________________
                                        James F. Mosier,
                                        General Counsel and Secretary


                                     GLOBAL EQUITY CORPORATION


                                By: /s/ James F. Mosier
                                        ______________________________
                                        James F. Mosier, Secretary


                                      -11-
<PAGE>


                                                                       EXHIBIT A

                            JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

In accordance with Rule 13d-1(f)(1)  under the Securities  Exchange Act of 1934,
the persons  named below  hereby  agree to the joint filing on behalf of each of
them of a statement on Schedule 13D  (including  any  amendments  thereto)  with
respect to the shares of Common Stock of PICO Holdings,  Inc. beneficially owned
by each of them and further  agree that this Joint Filing  Agreement be included
as an exhibit to such joint filings.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF,  the undersigned  hereby execute this Joint Filing Agreement
as of the 2nd day of December, 1996.


                                     PHYSICIANS INSURANCE COMPANY OF OHIO


                               By:  /s/ James F. Mosier
                                        ______________________________
                                        James F. Mosier,
                                        General Counsel and Secretary


                                     GLOBAL EQUITY CORPORATION


                               By:  /s/ James F. Mosier
                                        ______________________________
                                        James F. Mosier, Secretary



                                      -12-
<PAGE>


                                                                       EXHIBIT C


            Second Amendment to Agreement and Plan of
            Reorganization, dated as of November 12, 1996, among
            Citation Insurance Group, Citation Holdings, Inc. and
            Physicians Insurance Company of Ohio.


                                      -13-
<PAGE>


                               SECOND AMENDMENT TO
                      AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF REORGANIZATION


     This Second Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Reorganization (this "Second
Amendment")  is made and entered  into as of  November  12,  1996,  by and among
Citation  Insurance  Group,  a  California  corporation  ("Citation"),  Citation
Holdings,  Inc., an Ohio corporation ("Newco"), and Physicians Insurance Company
of Ohio, an Ohio corporation ("PICO"),  for the purpose of amending that certain
Agreements and Plan of Reorganization (the "Reorganization Agreement"), dated as
of May 1, 1996, among Citation, Newco and PICO.

                                   RECITALS

     WHEREAS, Citation, Newco and PICO previously have entered into that certain
Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated August 14, 1996;

     WHEREAS,  Citation  has advised  PICO that its  consolidated  stockholders'
equity has decreased; and

     WHEREAS, the parties wish to further amend the Reorganization  Agreement to
account for this decrease.

                                  AGREEMENT

     NOW,  THEREFORE,  in consideration of the foregoing recitals and the mutual
covenants  and  agreements  contained  herein,  and for other good and  valuable
consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the
parties hereby agree as follows:

     1. Clause (B) of Section 5.3(h) is amended to read in full as follows:  "As
of November 15, 1996,  there has been no increase in long-term  debt of Citation
or any Citation  Subsidiary,  as compared  with  long-term  debt on December 31,
1995,  or any  increase  in the  outstanding  capital  stock of  Citation or any
Citation Subsidiary (other than issuances of additional stock pursuant to vested
Citation  Options) as compared with original  stock on December 31, 1995, or any
decrease in Citation's consolidated stockholders' equity below $34 million."

     2.  Capitalized  terms used but not defined  herein  shall have the meaning
given thereto in the Reorganization Agreement, as amended.

     3. Except as expressly modified hereby, the Reorganization Agreement, as so
amended, shall continue in full force and effect.

<PAGE>


     4. The interpretation, performance and enforcement of this Second Amendment
and the legal  relations among the parties shall be governed by and construed in
accordance  with the  internal  laws of the State of  California  applicable  to
contracts made and to be wholly performed in such state.

     5. This Second  Amendment  may be executed  in  counterparts  with the same
effect as if all parties hereto had signed the same document.  All  counterparts
so executed shall be deemed to be an original,  shall be construed  together and
shall constitute one agreement.

     IN WITNESS WHEREOF,  Citation,  Newco and PICO have executed this Agreement
as of the date first written above.

                                    CITATION INSURANCE GROUP


                                    By:  /s/ Paul M. Bancroft
                                             ______________________________
                                             Paul M. Bancroft
                                             Vice Chairman, Board of Directors

                                    CITATION HOLDINGS, INC.


                                    By:  /s/ Robert M. Erickson
                                             ______________________________
                                             Robert M. Erickson
                                             President

                                    PHYSICIANS INSURANCE COMPANY
                                     OF OHIO


                                    By:  /s/ John R. Hart
                                             ______________________________
                                             John R. Hart
                                             President & CEO




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