<PAGE> 1
File Nos. 2-98772
811-4347
AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
ON JULY 17, 1998
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933: Not Applicable
Pre-Effective Amendment No. / /
Post-Effective Amendment No. / /
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT
COMPANY ACT OF 1940
Amendment No. 49 / X /
GMO TRUST
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(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110
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(Address of principal executive offices)
617-330-7500
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(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
with a copy to:
R. Jeremy Grantham J.B. Kittredge, Esq.
GMO Trust Ropes & Gray
40 Rowes Wharf One International Place
Boston, Massachusetts 02110 Boston, Massachusetts 02110
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(Name and address of agents for service)
It is proposed that this filing will become effective:
/ X / Immediately upon filing pursuant to Section 8 of the Investment Company
Act of 1940.
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GMO TRUST
CROSS REFERENCE SHEET
(for GMO Emerging Country Debt Share Fund only)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
N-1A Item No. Location
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<S> <C> <C>
PART A
Item 1. Cover Page .......................................................... Cover Page
Item 2. Synopsis............................................................. Not Applicable
Item 3. Condensed Financial
Information ......................................................... Not Applicable
Item 4. General Description of
Registrant........................................................... Organization and
Capitalization of the
Trust; Investment
Objectives and
Policies; Description
and Risks of Fund
Investments; Cover
Page
Item 5. Management of the Fund............................................... Management of the
Trust
Item 5A. Management's Discussion
of Fund Performance.................................................. Not Applicable
Item 6. Capital Stock and Other
Securities........................................................... Organization and
Capitalization of the
Trust; Back Cover
(Shareholder
Inquiries)
Item 7. Purchase of Securities Being
Offered............................................................... Purchase of Shares;
Determination of Net
Asset Value
Item 8. Redemption or Repurchase.............................................. Redemption of Shares;
Determination of Net
Asset Value
Item 9. Pending Legal Proceedings............................................. None
Part B
Item 10. Cover Page............................................................ Cover Page
Item 11. Table of Contents..................................................... Table of Contents
Item 12. General Information and
History........................................................ Not Applicable
Item 13. Investment Objectives
and Policies................................................... Investment Objectives
and Policies;
Investment
Restrictions
</TABLE>
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<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
N-1A Item No. Location
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<S> <C> <C>
Item 14. Management of the Fund................................................ Management of the
Trust
Item 15. Control Persons and Principal
Holders of Securities.......................................... Description of the
Trust and Ownership of
Shares
Item 16. Investment Advisory and Other
Services....................................................... Investment Advisory
and Other Services
Item 17. Brokerage Allocation and Other
Practices...................................................... Portfolio Transactions
Item 18. Capital Stock and Other
Securities..................................................... Description of the
Trust and Ownership of
Shares
Item 19. Purchase, Redemption and Pricing
of Securities Being Offered.................................... See in Part A Purchase
of Shares; Redemption
of Shares;
Determination of Net
Asset Value; Specimen
Price Make-Up Sheet
Item 20. Tax Status............................................................ Income, Dividends,
Distributions and Tax
Status
Item 21. Underwriters.......................................................... Not Applicable
Item 22. Calculation of Performance
Data........................................................... Not Applicable
Item 23. Financial Statements.................................................. Not Applicable
Part C
Information to be included in Part C is set forth under the appropriate
item, so numbered, in Part C of this Registration Statement.
</TABLE>
This Post-Effective Amendment relates only to the GMO Emerging Country
Debt Share Fund. No information relating to any other series of the registrant
is amended or superseded hereby.
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GMO EMERGING COUNTRY DEBT
SHARE FUND
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110
The GMO EMERGING COUNTRY DEBT SHARE FUND (THE "FUND") is one of
thirty-four separate investment portfolios currently offered by GMO Trust (the
"Trust"), an open-end management investment company. The other portfolios are
offered pursuant to separate prospectuses. The Fund's investment manager is
GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN OTTERLOO & CO. LLC (the "MANAGER" or "GMO").
The Fund seeks to earn high total return through investment of
substantially all of its assets in Class III Shares of the GMO Emerging Country
Debt Fund, a portfolio of the Trust ("ECDF"). GMO also serves as investment
manager to ECDF. ECDF pursues its objective by investing primarily in sovereign
debt (bonds and loans) of countries in Asia, Latin America, the Middle East and
Africa, as well as countries located in Europe which are not in the European
Community (collectively, "Emerging Countries").
The Fund is a "diversified" portfolio, as defined in the Investment
Company Act of 1940 (the "1940 Act"). See "Description and Risks of Fund
Investments--Diversified and Non-Diversified Portfolios." A TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPEARS ON PAGE 2 OF THIS PRIVATE PLACEMENT MEMORANDUM (THE "MEMORANDUM").
The Fund offers a single class of shares, Class III Shares. Initial
investments in the Fund must be in the amount of at least $1 million, unless
such investment minimum is waived by the Manager. Subsequent investments must be
in the amount of at least $100,000.
INVESTMENT MANAGER
GMO
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
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This Memorandum concisely describes the information which investors
ought to know about the Fund before investing. Please read this Memorandum
carefully and keep it for further reference. A Statement of Additional
Information dated July 10, 1998, as revised from time to time, is available free
of charge by writing to GMO, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, or by
calling (617) 330-7500. The Statement, which contains more detailed information
about the Fund, has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
("SEC") and is incorporated by reference into this Memorandum. In making an
investment decision, investors must rely on their own examination of the issuer
and the terms of the offering, including the merits and risks involved.
The securities offered hereby have not been registered under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the securities laws of any state, and may
not be transferred or resold unless so registered or exempt therefrom. However,
the securities are redeemable as described in this Private Placement Memorandum.
In certain cases investors may be redeemed "in kind" and receive portfolio
securities held by the Fund in lieu of cash upon redemption. In such case, an
investor will incur costs when the investor sells the securities so distributed.
No person has been authorized to make any representations or provide
any information with respect to the shares except such information as is
contained in this Memorandum, the Statement or other materials approved by the
Trust. No sales made hereunder shall under any circumstances create an
implication that there has been a change in matters discussed herein since the
date hereof.
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS THE SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED ON THE
ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A
CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
PRIVATE PLACEMENT MEMORANDUM JULY 10, 1998
<PAGE> 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SCHEDULE OF FEES AND EXPENSES................................................3
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND
POLICIES............................................................3
DESCRIPTION AND RISKS OF FUND
INVESTMENTS.........................................................4
ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT
RESTRICTIONS......................................................18
PURCHASE OF SHARES..........................................................20
REDEMPTION OF SHARES........................................................21
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE............................................22
DISTRIBUTIONS...............................................................22
TAXES ...................................................................22
MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST.....................................................24
ORGANIZATION AND CAPITALIZATION
OF THE TRUST.......................................................24
Appendix A:
RISKS AND LIMITATIONS OF OPTIONS,
FUTURES AND SWAPS...........................................................26
Appendix B:
COMMERCIAL PAPER AND CORPORATE
DEBT RATINGS.......................................................29
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FEES AND EXPENSES
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The Fund does not charge any investment management or shareholder
service fees. In addition, the Fund does not charge any purchase premium or
redemption fee in connection with the purchase and sale of Fund shares. Certain
expenses, such as custody, transfer agency and audit fees, will be incurred at
the Fund level, although the Manager has voluntarily undertaken to bear all Fund
expenses (excluding brokerage commissions and other investment-related costs,
hedging transaction fees, extraordinary, non-recurring and certain other unusual
expenses (including taxes), securities lending fees and expenses, transfer taxes
and expenses indirectly incurred by investment in ECDF (as stated below)) until
further notice.
By virtue of the Fund's investment in ECDF investors in the Fund will
indirectly bear all fees and expenses associated with an investment in ECDF.
GMO, in its capacity as Manager of ECDF, has voluntarily undertaken to reduce
its management fee and to bear certain expenses with respect to ECDF until
further notice to the extent that ECDF's total annual operating expenses
(excluding Shareholder Service Fees, brokerage commissions and other
investment-related costs, hedging transaction fees, extraordinary, non-recurring
and certain other unusual expenses (including taxes), securities lending fees
and expenses, transfer taxes and custodial fees) would otherwise exceed 0.35% of
ECDF's average daily net assets. Class III Shares of ECDF also bear an annual
shareholder service fee of 0.15% of ECDF's average daily net assets. For the
fiscal year ended February 28, 1998, ECDF's Total Annual Operating Expenses
(including management fees, shareholder service fees and other ECDF expenses)
were 0.53% of ECDF's average daily net assets. Such expenses may be higher or
lower in the future.
In addition, by virtue of the Fund's investment in ECDF, investors in
the Fund will indirectly bear ECDF's purchase premium and redemption fee, which
are presently 0.50% and 0.25%, respectively. These fees are paid to and retained
by ECDF itself and are designed to allocate transaction costs caused by
shareholder activity to the shareholder generating the activity, rather than to
ECDF as a whole.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES
---------------------------------
The Fund's objective is to maximize total return through investment of
substantially all of its assets in Class III Shares of ECDF. Because the Fund
will invest all or substantially all of its assets in Class III Shares of ECDF,
investors in the Fund should carefully consider all risks associated with an
investment in ECDF.
ECDF is a non-diversified fund that seeks to earn high total return by
investing primarily in sovereign debt (bonds, including convertible bonds, and
loans) of countries in Asia, Latin America, the Middle East and Africa, as well
as any country located in Europe which is not in the European Community
("Emerging Countries"). In addition to considerations relating to investment
restrictions and tax barriers, allocation of ECDF's investments among selected
emerging countries is based on certain other relevant factors including the
outlook for economic growth, currency exchange rates, interest rates, political
factors and the stage of the local market cycle. ECDF will generally have at
least 50% of its assets denominated in hard currencies such as the U.S. dollar,
Japanese yen, Italian lira, British pound, Deutschemark, French franc and
Canadian dollar. ECDF will attempt to provide a total return greater than that
generally provided by the international fixed income securities markets as
measured by the J.P. Morgan Emerging Markets Bond Index Plus.
ECDF has a fundamental policy that, under normal market conditions, at
least 65% of its total assets will be invested in debt securities of Emerging
Countries. In addition, ECDF may invest in fixed income securities of any
maturity, although ECDF expects that at least 65% of its total assets will be
comprised of "bonds" as such term is described above. Fixed income securities
include securities issued by federal, state, local and foreign governments, and
a wide range of private issuers.
ECDF's investments in Emerging Country debt instruments are subject to
special risks that are in addition to the usual risks of investing in debt
securities of developed foreign markets around the world, and investors are
strongly advised to consider those risks carefully. See "Description and Risks
of Fund Investments - - Certain Risks of Foreign Investments."
ECDF may enter into loan participation agreements and other direct
investments, forward foreign exchange agreements, invest in Brady bonds and
purchase or sell securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis. ECDF may
also lend portfolio securities valued at up to one-third of total assets, invest
without limit in lower rated securities (also known as "junk bonds"), and invest
in adjustable rate securities, zero coupon securities and depository receipts of
foreign issuers. ECDF may also enter into repurchase agreements, reverse
repurchase agreement and dollar roll agreements. In addition, ECDF may invest in
mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities issued by the U.S. government,
its agencies and by non-government issuers, including collateral mortgage
obligations ("CMO's"), strips and residuals. ECDF may also invest in indexed
securities the redemption values and/or coupons of which are indexed to the
prices of other securities, securities indexes, currencies, precious metals or
other commodities, or other financial indicators. ECDF may also enter into firm
commitment agreements with banks or broker-dealers, and may invest up to 15% of
its net assets in illiquid securities.
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ECDF may buy put and call options, sell (write) covered options, and
enter into futures contracts and options on futures contracts for hedging,
investment and risk management and to effect synthetic sales and purchases.
ECDF's use of options on particular securities (as opposed to market indexes) is
limited such that the time premiums paid by ECDF on all outstanding options it
has purchased may not exceed 10% of its total assets. ECDF may also write
options in connection with buy-and-write transactions, and use index futures on
foreign indexes for investment, anticipatory hedging and risk management. In
addition, ECDF may use forward foreign currency contracts, currency futures
contracts and related options, currency swap contracts, options on currencies,
and buy and sell currencies for hedging, and for currency risk management. ECDF
may also use synthetic bonds and synthetic foreign currency denominated
securities to approximate desired risk/return profiles where the desired profile
is either unavailable or possesses undesirable characteristics.
In addition, ECDF may use interest rate swap contracts, contracts for
differences and interest rate caps, floors and collars for hedging, investment
and risk management.
For a detailed description of the investment practices described in the
preceding paragraphs and the risks associated with their use, see "Description
and Risks of Fund Investments" in this Private Placement Memorandum. Additional
information regarding ECDF is contained in the GMO Trust Prospectus, as amended
from time to time, copies of which are available free of charge from the
Manager.
DESCRIPTION AND RISKS OF FUND
-----------------------------
INVESTMENTS
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The following is a detailed description of the various investment
practices (and the risks associated with their use) to which the Fund may, by
virtue of its investment in ECDF, be exposed. Please refer to "Investment
Objective and Policies" above for additional information regarding the extent to
which ECDF may engage in a particular practice.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
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Portfolio turnover is not a limiting factor with respect to investment
decisions for the Fund or ECDF. The portfolio turnover rate for ECDF is not
expected to exceed 150%.
In any particular year, market conditions may well result in greater
portfolio turnover rates than are presently anticipated. High portfolio turnover
involves correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transaction
costs, which will be borne indirectly by the Fund, and may well involve
realization of capital gains that would be taxable (including short-term capital
gains that are generally taxed at ordinary income tax rates) when distributed to
shareholders of the Fund unless such shareholders are themselves exempt. See
"Taxes" below.
DIVERSIFIED AND NON-DIVERSIFIED PORTFOLIOS
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It is a policy of the Fund that at least 75% of the value of the Fund's
total assets are represented by cash and cash items (including receivables),
Government securities, securities of other investment companies (such as ECDF),
and other securities for the purposes of this calculation limited in respect of
any one issuer to an amount not greater in value than 5% of the value of the
Fund's total assets and to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting
securities of any single issuer. ECDF, however, is a "non-diversified" fund
under the 1940 Act, and as such is not required to satisfy the "diversified"
requirements set forth in the 1940 Act (described above). As a non-diversified
fund, ECDF is permitted to (but not required to) invest a higher percentage of
its assets in the securities of fewer issuers relative to diversified funds.
Such concentration could increase the risk of loss to ECDF (and thus the Fund)
should there be a decline in the market value of any one portfolio security
relative to diversified funds. Investment in a non-diversified fund may
therefore entail greater risks than an investment in a diversified fund.
CERTAIN RISKS OF FOREIGN INVESTMENTS
- ------------------------------------
GENERAL. Investment in foreign issuers or securities principally traded
overseas may involve certain special risks due to foreign economic, political
and legal developments, including favorable or unfavorable changes in currency
exchange rates, exchange control regulations (including currency blockage),
expropriation or nationalization of assets, imposition of withholding taxes on
dividend or interest payments, and possible difficulty in obtaining and
enforcing judgments against foreign entities. Furthermore, issuers of foreign
securities are subject to different, often less comprehensive, accounting,
reporting and disclosure requirements than domestic issuers. The securities of
some foreign governments and companies and foreign securities markets are less
liquid and at times more volatile than comparable U.S. securities and securities
markets. Foreign brokerage commissions and other fees are also generally higher
than in the United States. The laws of some foreign countries may limit ECDF's
ability to invest in securities of certain issuers located in these foreign
countries. There are also special tax considerations which apply to securities
of foreign issuers and securities principally
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traded overseas. Investors should also be aware that under certain
circumstances, markets which are perceived to have similar characteristics to
troubled markets may be adversely affected whether or not similarities actually
exist.
EMERGING MARKETS. The risks described above apply to an even greater
extent to investments in emerging markets. The securities markets of emerging
countries are generally smaller, less developed, less liquid, and more volatile
than the securities markets of the U.S. and developed foreign markets.
Disclosure and regulatory standards in many respects are less stringent than in
the U.S. and developed foreign markets. There also may be a lower level of
monitoring and regulation of securities markets in emerging market countries and
the activities of investors in such markets, and enforcement of existing
regulations has been extremely limited. Many emerging countries have experienced
substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of inflation for many
years. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had and may
continue to have very negative effects on the economies and securities markets
of certain emerging countries. Economies in emerging markets generally are
heavily dependent upon international trade and, accordingly, have been and may
continue to be affected adversely by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed
adjustments in relative currency values, and other protectionist measures
imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. These economies
also have been and may continue to be adversely affected by economic conditions
in the countries in which they trade. The economies of countries with emerging
markets may also be predominantly based on only a few industries or dependent on
revenues from particular commodities. In addition, custodial services and other
costs relating to investment in foreign markets may be more expensive in
emerging markets than in many developed foreign markets, which could reduce
ECDF's income (and thus the Fund's income) from such securities. Finally,
because publicly traded debt instruments of emerging markets represent a
relatively recent innovation in the world debt markets, there is little
historical data or related market experience concerning the attributes of such
instruments under all economic, market and political conditions.
In many cases, governments of emerging countries continue to exercise
significant control over their economies, and government actions relative to the
economy, as well as economic developments generally, may affect the capacity of
issuers of emerging country debt instruments to make payments on their debt
obligations, regardless of their financial condition. In addition, there is a
heightened possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, imposition of
withholding taxes on interest payments, or other similar developments that could
affect investments in those countries. There can be no assurance that adverse
political changes will not cause ECDF to suffer a loss of any or all of its
investments or, in the case of fixed-income securities, interest thereon.
DIRECT INVESTMENTS IN RUSSIAN SECURITIES. ECDF may invest directly in
securities of Russian issuers. Investment in securities of such issuers presents
many of the same risks as investing in securities of issuers in other emerging
market economies, as described in the immediately preceding section. However,
the political, legal and operational risks of investing in Russian issuers, and
of having assets maintained within Russia, may be particularly acute.
A risk of particular note with respect to direct investment in Russian
securities is the way in which ownership of shares of private companies is
recorded. When ECDF invests in a Russian issuer, it will receive a "share
extract", but that extract is not legally determinative of ownership. The
official record of ownership of a company's share is maintained by the company's
share registrar. Such share registrars are completely under the control of the
issuer, and investors are provided with few legal rights against such
registrars.
INVESTMENTS IN ASIA. In addition to the foregoing risks of foreign
investments and risks specific to emerging markets, ECDF's investments in Asia
involve additional risks specific to investment in the region. ECDF's focus on
Asia makes it more susceptible to investment factors affecting the region than a
more geographically diverse fund. The region encompasses countries at varying
levels of economic development-- ranging from emerging markets to more developed
economies. Each country provides unique investment risks, yet the political and
economic prospects of one country or group of countries may impact other
countries in the region. For example, some Asian economies are directly affected
by Japanese capital investment in the region and by Japanese consumer demands.
In addition, a recession, a debt-crisis or a decline in currency valuation in
one country can spread to other countries.
ECDF is susceptible to political and social factors affecting issuers
in Asian countries. Some countries have authoritarian or relatively unstable
governments. Certain governments in the region provide less supervision and
regulation of financial markets then is typical of other emerging markets, and
less financial information is available. Restrictions on direct foreign
investments in securities markets also exist in some countries. For example,
Taiwan permits foreign investment only through authorized qualified foreign
institutional investors. The recent return of Hong Kong to China will continue
to affect the region.
Some countries in the region are heavily dependent upon foreign trade.
The economies of some Asian countries are not diversified and are based upon
only a few commodities or industries. Markets in some of these countries are in
the early stages of development, exhibit a high concentration of market
capitalization, have less trading volume, lower liquidity and more volatility
than more developed markets.
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In the latter half of 1997 the region began experiencing increased
market volatility and declines in foreign currency exchange rates. Fluctuation
in currency exchange rates can affect a country's ability to service its debt.
Currency fluctuation will affect the value of the securities in ECDF's portfolio
because the prices of these securities are generally denominated or quoted in
currencies other than the U.S. dollar.
SECURITIES LENDING
- ------------------
ECDF may make secured loans of portfolio securities amounting to not
more than one-third of ECDF's total assets. The risks in lending portfolio
securities, as with other extensions of credit, consist of possible delay in
recovery of the securities or possible loss of rights in the collateral should
the borrower fail financially. However, such loans will be made only to
broker-dealers that are believed by the Manager to be of relatively high credit
standing. Securities loans are made to broker-dealers pursuant to agreements
requiring that loans be continuously secured by collateral in cash or U.S.
Government Securities at least equal at all times to the market value of the
securities lent. The borrower pays to ECDF an amount equal to any dividends or
interest ECDF would have received had the securities not been lent. If the loan
is collateralized by U.S. Government Securities, ECDF will receive a fee from
the borrower. In the case of loans collateralized by cash, ECDF typically
invests the cash collateral for its own account in interest-bearing, short-term
securities and pays a fee to the borrower. Although voting rights or rights to
consent with respect to the loaned securities pass to the borrower, ECDF retains
the right to call the loans at any time on reasonable notice, and it will do so
in order that the securities may be voted by ECDF if the holders of such
securities are asked to vote upon or consent to matters materially affecting the
investment. ECDF may also call such loans in order to sell the securities
involved. The Manager has retained lending agents on behalf of ECDF that are
compensated based on a percentage of ECDF's return on the securities lending
activity. ECDF also pays various fees in connection with such loans including
shipping fees and reasonable custodian fees approved by the Trustees of the
Trust or persons acting pursuant to direction of the Board.
DEPOSITORY RECEIPTS
- -------------------
ECDF may invest in American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), Global
Depository Receipts (GDRs) and European Depository Receipts (EDRs)
(collectively, "Depository Receipts") if issues of such Depository Receipts are
available that are consistent with ECDF's investment objective. Depository
Receipts generally evidence an ownership interest in a corresponding foreign
security on deposit with a financial institution. Transactions in Depository
Receipts usually do not settle in the same currency in which the underlying
securities are denominated or traded. Generally, ADRs, in registered form, are
designed for use in the U.S. securities markets and EDRs, in bearer form, are
designed for use in European securities markets. GDRs may be traded in any
public or private securities markets and may represent securities held by
institutions located anywhere in the world.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES
- ----------------------
A convertible security is a fixed-income security (a bond or preferred
stock) which may be converted at a stated price within a specified period of
time into a certain quantity of the common stock of the same or a different
issuer. Convertible securities are senior to common stock in a corporation's
capital structure, but are usually subordinated to similar non-convertible
securities. Convertible securities provide, through their conversion feature, an
opportunity to participate in capital appreciation resulting from a market price
advance in a convertible security's underlying common stock. The price of a
convertible security is influenced by the market value of the underlying common
stock and tends to increase as the market value of the underlying stock rises,
whereas it tends to decrease as the market value of the underlying stock
declines. The Manager regards convertible securities as a form of equity
security.
FUTURES AND OPTIONS
- -------------------
As described under "Investment Objectives and Policies" above, ECDF may
use futures and options for various purposes. Such transactions may involve
options, futures and related options on futures contracts, and those instruments
may relate to particular equity and fixed income securities, equity and fixed
income indexes, and foreign currencies. ECDF may also enter into a combination
of long and short positions (including spreads and straddles) for a variety of
investment strategies, including protecting against changes in certain yield
relationships.
The use of futures contracts and options on futures contracts involves
risk. Thus, while ECDF may benefit from the use of futures and options on
futures, unanticipated changes in interest rates, securities prices, or currency
exchange rates may result in poorer overall performance for ECDF than if it had
not entered into any futures contracts or options transactions. Losses incurred
in transactions in futures and options on futures and the costs of these
transactions will affect ECDF's performance. See Appendix A, "Risks and
Limitations of Options, Futures and Swaps" for a more detailed discussion of the
limits, conditions and risks of ECDF's investments in futures contracts and
related options.
OPTIONS. As has been noted above, ECDF may use options and (1) may
enter into contracts giving third parties the right to buy ECDF's portfolio
securities for a fixed price at a future date (writing "covered call
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<PAGE> 10
options"); (2) may enter into contracts giving third parties the right to sell
securities to ECDF for a fixed price at a future date (writing "covered put
options"); and (3) may buy the right to purchase securities from third parties
("call options") or the right to sell securities to third parties ("put
options") for a fixed price at a future date.
WRITING COVERED OPTIONS. ECDF may seek to increase its return by
writing covered call or put options on optionable securities or indexes. A call
option written by ECDF on a security gives the holder the right to buy the
underlying security from ECDF at a stated exercise price; a put option gives the
holder the right to sell the underlying security to ECDF at a stated exercise
price. In the case of options on indexes, the options are usually cash settled
based on the difference between the strike price and the value of the index.
ECDF will receive a premium for writing a put or call option, which
increases ECDF's return in the event the option expires unexercised or is closed
out at a profit. The amount of the premium will reflect, among other things, the
relationship of the market price and volatility of the underlying security or
securities index to the exercise price of the option, the remaining term of the
option, supply and demand and interest rates. By writing a call option on a
security, ECDF limits its opportunity to profit from any increase in the market
value of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. By
writing a put option on a security, ECDF assumes the risk that it may be
required to purchase the underlying security for an exercise price higher than
its then current market value, resulting in a potential capital loss unless the
security subsequently appreciates in value. In the case of options on an index,
if ECDF writes a call, any profit by ECDF in respect of portfolio securities
expected to correlate with the index will be limited by an increase in the index
above the exercise price of the option. If ECDF writes a put on an index, ECDF
may be required to make a cash settlement greater than the premium received if
the index declines.
A call option on a security is "covered" if ECDF owns the underlying
security or has an absolute and immediate right to acquire that security without
additional cash consideration (or for additional cash consideration held in a
segregated account by its custodian) upon conversion or exchange of other
securities held in its portfolio. A call option is also covered if ECDF holds on
a share-for-share basis a call on the same security as the call written where
the exercise price of the call held is equal to or less than the exercise price
of the call written or greater than the exercise price of the call written if
the difference is maintained by ECDF in cash, U.S. Government Securities or
other high grade debt obligations in a segregated account with its custodian. A
put option is "covered" if ECDF maintains cash, U.S. Government Securities or
other high grade debt obligations with a value equal to the exercise price in a
segregated account with its custodian, or else holds on a share-for-share basis
a put on the same security as the put written where the exercise price of the
put held is equal to or greater than the exercise price of the put written.
If the writer of an option wishes to terminate its obligation, it may
effect a "closing purchase transaction." This is accomplished, in the case of
exchange traded options, by buying an option of the same series as the option
previously written. The effect of the purchase is that the writer's position
will be canceled by the clearing corporation. The writer of an option may not
effect a closing purchase transaction after it has been notified of the exercise
of an option. Likewise, an investor who is the holder of an option may liquidate
its position by effecting a "closing sale transaction." This is accomplished by
selling an option of the same series as the option previously purchased. There
is no guarantee that ECDF will be able to effect a closing purchase or a closing
sale transaction at any particular time. Also, an over-the-counter option may be
closed out only with the other party to the option transaction.
Effecting a closing transaction in the case of a written call option
will permit ECDF to write another call option on the underlying security with
either a different exercise price or expiration date or both, or in the case of
a written put option will permit ECDF to write another put option to the extent
that the exercise price thereof is secured by deposited cash or high grade debt
obligations. Also, effecting a closing transaction will permit the cash or
proceeds from the concurrent sale of any securities subject to the option to be
used for other Fund investments. If ECDF desires to sell a particular security
from its portfolio on which it has written a call option, it will effect a
closing transaction prior to or concurrent with the sale of the security.
ECDF will realize a profit from a closing transaction if the price of
the transaction is less than the premium received from writing the option or is
more than the premium paid to purchase the option; ECDF will realize a loss from
a closing transaction if the price of the transaction is more than the premium
received from writing the option or is less than the premium paid to purchase
the option. Because increases in the market price of a call option will
generally reflect increases in the market price of the underlying security or
index of securities, any loss resulting from the repurchase of a call option is
likely to be offset in whole or in part by appreciation of the underlying
security or securities owned by ECDF.
ECDF may write options in connection with buy-and-write transactions;
that is, ECDF may purchase a security and then write a call option against that
security. The exercise price of the call ECDF determines to write will depend
upon the expected price movement of the underlying security. The exercise price
of a call option may be below ("in-the-money"), equal to ("at-the-money") or
above ("out-of-the-money") the current value of the underlying security at the
time the option is written. Buy-and-write transactions using in-the-money call
options may be used when it is expected that the price of the underlying
security will remain flat or decline moderately during the option period.
Buy-and-write transactions using at-the-money call options may be used
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when it is expected that the price of the underlying security will remain fixed
or advance moderately during the option period. Buy-and-write transactions using
out-of-the-money call options may be used when it is expected that the premiums
received from writing the call option plus the appreciation in the market price
of the underlying security up to the exercise price will be greater than the
appreciation in the price of the underlying security alone. If the call options
are exercised in such transactions, ECDF's maximum gain will be the premium
received by it for writing the option, adjusted upward or downward by the
difference between ECDF's purchase price of the security and the exercise price.
If the options are not exercised and the price of the underlying security
declines, the amount of such decline will be offset in part, or entirely, by the
premium received.
The writing of covered put options is similar in terms of risk/return
characteristics to buy-and-write transactions. If the market price of the
underlying security rises or otherwise is above the exercise price, the put
option will expire worthless and ECDF's gain will be limited to the premium
received. If the market price of the underlying security declines or otherwise
is below the exercise price, ECDF may elect to close the position or take
delivery of the security at the exercise price. In that event, ECDF's return
will be the premium received from the put option minus the cost of closing the
position or, if it chooses to take delivery of the security, the premium
received from the put option minus the amount by which the market price of the
security is below the exercise price. Out-of-the-money, at-the-money and
in-the-money put options may be used by ECDF in market environments analogous to
those in which call options are used in buy-and-write transactions.
FUTURES. A financial futures contract sale creates an obligation by the
seller to deliver the type of financial instrument called for in the contract in
a specified delivery month for a stated price. A financial futures contract
purchase creates an obligation by the purchaser to pay for and take delivery of
the type of financial instrument called for in the contract in a specified
delivery month, at a stated price. In some cases, the specific instruments
delivered or taken, respectively, at settlement date are not determined until on
or near that date. The determination is made in accordance with the rules of the
exchange on which the futures contract sale or purchase was made. Some futures
contracts are "cash settled" (rather than "physically settled," as described
above) which means that the purchase price is subtracted from the current market
value of the instrument and the net amount if positive is paid to the purchaser,
and if negative is paid by the purchaser. Futures contracts are traded in the
United States only on commodity exchanges or boards of trade -- known as
"contract markets" -- approved for such trading by the Commodity Futures Trading
Commission ("CFTC"), and must be executed through a futures commission merchant
or brokerage firm which is a member of the relevant contract market. Under U.S.
law, futures contracts on individual equity securities are not permitted. See
Appendix A, "Risks and Limitations of Options, Futures and Swaps" for more
information concerning these practices and their accompanying risks.
The purchase or sale of a futures contract differs from the purchase or
sale of a security or option in that no price or premium is paid or received.
Instead, an amount of cash or U.S. Government Securities generally not exceeding
5% of the face amount of the futures contract must be deposited with the broker.
This amount is known as initial margin. Subsequent payments to and from the
broker, known as variation margin, are made on a daily basis as the price of the
underlying futures contract fluctuates making the long and short positions in
the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as "marking to
market." Prior to the settlement date of the futures contract, the position may
be closed out by taking an opposite position which will operate to terminate the
position in the futures contract. A final determination of variation margin is
then made, additional cash is required to be paid to or released by the broker,
and the purchaser realizes a loss or gain. In addition, a commission is paid on
each completed purchase and sale transaction.
In most cases futures contracts are closed out before the settlement
date without the making or taking of delivery. Closing out a futures contract
sale is effected by purchasing a futures contract for the same aggregate amount
of the specific type of financial instrument or commodity and the same delivery
date. If the price of the initial sale of the futures contract exceeds the price
of the offsetting purchase, the seller is paid the difference and realizes a
gain. Conversely, if the price of the offsetting purchase exceeds the price of
the initial sale, the seller realizes a loss. Similarly, the closing out of a
futures contract purchase is effected by the purchaser entering into a futures
contract sale. If the offsetting sale price exceeds the purchase price, the
purchaser realizes a gain, and if the purchase price exceeds the offsetting sale
price, a loss will be realized.
The ability to establish and close out positions on options on futures
will be subject to the development and maintenance of a liquid secondary market.
It is not certain that this market will develop or be maintained.
INDEX FUTURES. ECDF may purchase futures contracts on various
securities indexes ("Index Futures"). ECDF's purchase and sale of Index Futures
is limited to contracts and exchanges which have been approved by the CFTC.
An Index Future may call for "physical delivery" or be "cash settled."
An Index Future that calls for physical delivery is a contract to buy an
integral number of units of the particular securities index at a specified
future date at a price agreed upon when the contract is made. A unit is the
value from time to time of the relevant index. Even though ECDF is obligated to
pay the face amount on the stated date on the purchase of an Index Future that
calls for physical delivery, such an Index Future may be closed out on that date
or any earlier date by selling an Index Future with the same face amount and
contract date. This will terminate ECDF's position and ECDF will realize a
profit or a loss based on the difference between the cost of purchasing the
original Index
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<PAGE> 12
Future and the price obtained from selling the closing Index Future. The amount
of the profit or loss is determined by the change in the value of the relevant
index while the Index Future was held.
Index Futures that are "cash settled" provide by their terms for
settlement on a net basis reflecting changes in the value of the underlying
index. Thus, the purchaser of such an Index Future is never obligated to pay the
face amount of the contract. The net payment obligation may in fact be very
small in relation to the face amount.
ECDF may close open positions on the futures exchange on which Index
Futures are then traded at any time up to and including the expiration day. All
positions which remain open at the close of the last business day of the
contract's life are required to settle on the next business day (based upon the
value of the relevant index on the expiration day). Because the specific
procedures for trading foreign stock Index Futures on futures exchanges are
still under development, additional or different margin requirements as well as
settlement procedures may be applicable to foreign stock Index Futures at the
time ECDF purchases foreign stock Index Futures.
The price of Index Futures may not correlate perfectly with movement in
the relevant index due to certain market distortions. First, all participants in
the futures market are subject to margin deposit and maintenance requirements.
Rather than meeting additional margin deposit requirements, investors may close
futures contracts through offsetting transactions which could distort the normal
relationship between the Index and futures markets. Secondly, the deposit
requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in
the securities market, and as a result the futures market may attract more
speculators than does the securities market. Increased participation by
speculators in the futures market may also cause temporary price distortions. In
addition, trading hours for foreign stock Index Futures may not correspond
perfectly to hours of trading on the foreign exchange to which a particular
foreign stock Index Future relates. This may result in a disparity between the
price of Index Futures and the value of the relevant index due to the lack of
continuous arbitrage between the Index Futures price and the value of the
underlying index.
The use of Index Futures involves risk. See Appendix A, "Risks and
Limitations of Options, Futures and Swaps" for a more detailed discussion of the
limits, conditions and risks of ECDF's investment in futures contracts.
INTEREST RATE FUTURES. For the purposes previously described, ECDF may
engage in a variety of transactions involving the use of futures with respect to
U.S. Government Securities and other fixed income securities. The use of
interest rate futures involves risk. See Appendix A, "Risks and Limitations of
Options, Futures and Swaps" for a more detailed discussion of the limits,
conditions and risks of ECDF's investment in futures contracts.
OPTIONS ON FUTURES CONTRACTS. Options on futures contracts give the
purchaser the right in return for the premium paid to assume a position in a
futures contract at the specified option exercise price at any time during the
period of the option. ECDF may use options on futures contracts in lieu of
writing or buying options directly on the underlying securities or purchasing
and selling the underlying futures contracts. For example, to hedge against a
possible decrease in the value of its portfolio securities, ECDF may purchase
put options or write call options on futures contracts rather than selling
futures contracts. Similarly, ECDF may purchase call options or write put
options on futures contracts as a substitute for the purchase of futures
contracts to hedge against a possible increase in the price of securities which
ECDF expects to purchase. Such options generally operate in the same manner as
options purchased or written directly on the underlying investments. See
"Description and Risks of Fund Investment Practices -- Foreign Currency
Transactions" for a description of ECDF's use of options on currency futures.
USES OF OPTIONS, FUTURES AND OPTIONS ON FUTURES
- -----------------------------------------------
RISK MANAGEMENT. When futures and options on futures are used for risk
management, ECDF will generally take long positions (e.g., purchase call
options, futures contracts or options thereon) in order to increase ECDF's
exposure to a particular market, market segment or foreign currency. In the case
of futures and options on futures, ECDF is only required to deposit the initial
and variation margin as required by relevant CFTC regulations and the rules of
the contract markets. Because ECDF will then be obligated to purchase the
security or index at a set price on a future date, ECDF's net asset value will
fluctuate with the value of the security as if it were already included in
ECDF's portfolio. Risk management transactions have the effect of providing a
degree of investment leverage, particularly when ECDF does not segregate assets
equal to the face amount of the contract (i.e., in cash settled futures
contracts) since the futures contract (and related options) will increase or
decrease in value at a rate which is a multiple of the rate of increase or
decrease in the value of the initial and variation margin that ECDF is required
to deposit. As a result, the value of ECDF's portfolio will generally be more
volatile than the value of comparable portfolios which do not engage in risk
management transactions. ECDF will not, however, use futures and options on
futures to obtain greater volatility than it could obtain through direct
investment in securities; that is, ECDF will not normally engage in risk
management to increase the average volatility (beta) of ECDF's portfolio above
1.00, the level of risk (as measured by volatility) that would be present if
ECDF were fully invested in the securities comprising the relevant index.
However, ECDF may invest in futures and options on futures without regard to
this limitation if the face value of such investments, when
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aggregated with the Index Futures, equity swaps and contracts for differences as
described below does not exceed 10% of ECDF's assets.
HEDGING. To the extent indicated elsewhere, ECDF may also enter into
options, futures contracts and buy and sell options thereon for hedging. For
example, if ECDF wants to hedge certain of its fixed income securities against a
decline in value resulting from a general increase in market rates of interest,
it might sell futures contracts with respect to fixed income securities or
indexes of fixed income securities. If the hedge is effective, then should the
anticipated change in market rates cause a decline in the value of ECDF's fixed
income security, the value of the futures contract should increase. ECDF may
also use futures contracts in anticipatory hedge transactions by taking a long
position in a futures contract with respect to a security, index or foreign
currency that ECDF intends to purchase (or whose value is expected to correlate
closely with the security or currency to be purchased) pending receipt of cash
from other transactions (including the proceeds from this offering) to be used
for the actual purchase. Then if the cost of the security or foreign currency to
be purchased by ECDF increases and if the anticipatory hedge is effective, that
increased cost should be offset, at least in part, by the value of the futures
contract. Options on futures contracts may be used for hedging as well. For
example, if the value of a fixed-income security in ECDF's portfolio is expected
to decline as a result of an increase in rates, ECDF might purchase put options
or write call options on futures contracts rather than selling futures
contracts. Similarly, for anticipatory hedging, ECDF may purchase call options
or write put options as a substitute for the purchase of futures contracts. See
"Description and Risks of Fund Investment Practices -- Foreign Currency
Transactions" for more information regarding the currency hedging practices of
ECDF.
INVESTMENT PURPOSES. To the extent indicated elsewhere, ECDF may also
enter into futures contracts and buy and sell options thereon for investment.
For example, ECDF may invest in futures when its Manager believes that there are
not enough attractive securities available to maintain the standards of
diversity and liquidity set for ECDF pending investment in such securities if or
when they do become available. Through this use of futures and related options,
ECDF may diversify risk in its portfolio without incurring the substantial
brokerage costs which may be associated with investment in the securities of
multiple issuers. This use may also permit ECDF to avoid potential market and
liquidity problems (e.g., driving up the price of a security by purchasing
additional shares of a portfolio security or owning so much of a particular
issuer's stock that the sale of such stock depresses that stock's price) which
may result from increases in positions already held by ECDF.
When ECDF purchases futures contracts for investment, it will maintain
cash, U.S. Government Securities or other high grade debt obligations in a
segregated account with its custodian in an amount which, together with the
initial and variation margin deposited on the futures contracts, is equal to the
face value of the futures contracts at all times while the futures contracts are
held.
Incidental to other transactions in fixed income securities, for
investment purposes ECDF may also combine futures contracts or options on fixed
income securities with cash, cash equivalent investments or other fixed income
securities in order to create "synthetic" bonds which approximate desired risk
and return profiles. This may be done where a "non-synthetic" security having
the desired risk/return profile either is unavailable (e.g., short-term
securities of certain foreign governments) or possesses undesirable
characteristics (e.g., interest payments on the security would be subject to
foreign withholding taxes). ECDF may also purchase forward foreign exchange
contracts in conjunction with U.S. dollar-denominated securities in order to
create a synthetic foreign currency denominated security which approximates
desired risk and return characteristics where the non- synthetic securities
either are not available in foreign markets or possess undesirable
characteristics. For greater detail, see "Foreign Currency Transactions" below.
When ECDF creates a "synthetic" bond with a futures contract, it will maintain
cash, U.S. Government securities or other high grade debt obligations in a
segregated account with its custodian with a value at least equal to the face
amount of the futures contract (less the amount of any initial or variation
margin on deposit).
SYNTHETIC SALES AND PURCHASES. Futures contracts may also be used to
reduce transaction costs associated with short-term restructuring of ECDF's
portfolio. For example, if ECDF's portfolio includes stocks of companies with
medium-sized equity capitalization (e.g., between $300 million and $5.2 billion)
and, in the opinion of the Manager, such stocks are likely to underperform
larger capitalization stocks, ECDF might sell some or all of its
mid-capitalization stocks, buy large capitalization stocks with the proceeds and
then, when the expected trend had played out, sell the large capitalization
stocks and repurchase the mid-capitalization stocks with the proceeds. In the
alternative, ECDF may use futures to achieve a similar result with reduced
transaction costs. In that case, ECDF might simultaneously enter into short
futures positions on an appropriate index (e.g., the S&P Mid Cap 400 Index) (to
synthetically "sell" the stocks in ECDF) and long futures positions on another
index (e.g., the S&P 500) (to synthetically "buy" the larger capitalization
stocks). When the expected trend has played out, ECDF would then close out both
futures contract positions. ECDF will only enter into these combined positions
if (1) the short position (adjusted for historic volatility) operates as a hedge
of existing portfolio holdings, (2) the face amount of the long futures position
is less than or equal to the value of the portfolio securities that ECDF would
like to dispose of, (3) the contract settlement date for the short futures
position is approximately the same as that for the long futures position and (4)
ECDF segregates an amount of cash, U.S. Government Securities and other
high-quality debt obligations whose value, marked-to-market daily, is equal to
ECDF's current obligations in respect of the long futures contract positions. If
ECDF uses such combined short and long positions, in addition to possible
declines in the values of its investment securities, ECDF may also suffer losses
associated with a
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securities index underlying the long futures position underperforming the
securities index underlying the short futures position. However, the Manager
will enter into these combined positions only if the Manager expects that,
overall, ECDF will perform as if it had sold the securities hedged by the short
position and purchased the securities underlying the long position. ECDF may
also use swaps and options on futures to achieve the same objective. For more
information, see Appendix A, "Risks and Limitations of Options, Futures and
Swaps."
SWAP CONTRACTS AND OTHER TWO-PARTY CONTRACTS
- --------------------------------------------
As has been described in the "Investment Objectives and Policies"
section above, ECDF may use swap contracts and other two-party contracts for the
same or similar purposes as they may use options, futures and related options.
The use of swap contracts and other two-party contracts involves risk. See
Appendix A, "Risks and Limitations of Options, Futures and Swaps" for a more
detailed discussion of the limits, conditions and risks of ECDF's investments in
swaps and other two-party contracts.
SWAP CONTRACTS. Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into
primarily by institutional investors for periods ranging from a few weeks to
more than one year. In a standard "swap" transaction, two parties agree to
exchange returns (or differentials in rates of return) calculated with respect
to a "notional amount," e.g., the return on or increase in value of a particular
dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate, in a particular foreign
currency, or in a "basket" of securities representing a particular index. ECDF
will usually enter into swaps on a net basis, i.e., the two returns are netted
out, with ECDF receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of
the two returns.
INTEREST RATE AND CURRENCY SWAP CONTRACTS. Interest rate swaps involve
the exchange of the two parties' respective commitments to pay or receive
interest on a notional principal amount (e.g., an exchange of floating rate
payments for fixed rate payments). Currency swaps involve the exchange of the
two parties' respective commitments to pay or receive fluctuations with respect
to a notional amount of two different currencies (e.g., an exchange of payments
with respect to fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to the
Japanese yen).
EQUITY SWAP CONTRACTS AND CONTRACTS FOR DIFFERENCES. Equity swap
contracts involve the exchange of one party's obligation to pay the loss, if
any, with respect to a notional amount of a particular equity index plus
interest on such notional amount at a designated rate (e.g., the London
Inter-Bank Offered Rate) in exchange for the other party's obligation to pay the
gain, if any, with respect to the notional amount of such index.
If ECDF enters into a long equity swap contract, ECDF's net asset value
will fluctuate as a result of changes in the value of the equity index on which
the equity swap is based as if it had purchased the notional amount of
securities comprising the index. ECDF will not use long equity swap contracts to
obtain greater volatility than it could obtain through direct investment in
securities; that is, ECDF will not normally enter an equity swap contract to
increase the volatility (beta) of ECDF's portfolio above 1.00, the volatility
that would be present in the stocks comprising ECDF's benchmark index. However,
ECDF may invest in long equity swap contracts without regard to this limitation
if the notional amount of such equity swap contracts, when aggregated with the
Index Futures as described above and the contracts for differences as described
below, does not exceed 10% of ECDF's net assets.
Contracts for differences are swap arrangements in which ECDF may agree
with a counterparty that its return (or loss) will be based on the relative
performance of two different groups or "baskets" of securities. As to one of the
baskets, ECDF's return is based on theoretical long futures positions in the
securities comprising that basket (with an aggregate face value equal to the
notional amount of the contract for differences) and as to the other basket,
ECDF's return is based on theoretical short futures positions in the securities
comprising the basket. ECDF may also use actual long and short futures positions
to achieve the same market exposure(s) as contracts for differences. ECDF will
only enter into contracts for differences where payment obligations of the two
legs of the contract are netted and thus based on changes in the relative value
of the baskets of securities rather than on the aggregate change in the value of
the two legs. ECDF will only enter into contracts for differences (and analogous
futures positions) when the Manager believes that the basket of securities
constituting the long leg will outperform the basket constituting the short leg.
However, it is possible that the short basket will outperform the long basket -
resulting in a loss to ECDF, even in circumstances where the securities in both
the long and short baskets appreciate in value.
Except for instances in which ECDF elects to obtain leverage up to the
10% limitation mentioned above, ECDF will maintain cash, U.S. Government
Securities or other high grade debt obligations in a segregated account with its
custodian in an amount equal to the aggregate of net payment obligations on its
swap contracts and contracts for differences, marked to market daily.
ECDF may enter into swaps and contracts for differences for hedging,
investment and risk management. When using swaps for hedging, ECDF may enter
into an interest rate, currency or equity swap, as the case may be, on either an
asset-based or liability-based basis, depending on whether it is hedging its
assets or its liabilities. For risk management or investment purposes ECDF may
also enter into a contract for differences in which the notional amount of the
theoretical long position is greater than the notional amount of the theoretical
short position. ECDF will not normally enter into a contract for differences to
increase the volatility (beta) of ECDF's
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<PAGE> 15
portfolio above 1.00. However, ECDF may invest in contracts for differences
without regard to this limitation if the aggregate amount by which the
theoretical long positions of such contracts exceed the theoretical short
positions of such contacts, when aggregated with the Index Futures and equity
swaps contracts as described above, does not exceed 10% of ECDF's net assets.
INTEREST RATE CAPS, FLOORS AND COLLARS. ECDF may use interest rate
caps, floors and collars for the same purposes or similar purposes as for which
they use interest rate futures contracts and related options. Interest rate
caps, floors and collars are similar to interest rate swap contracts because the
payment obligations are measured by changes in interest rates as applied to a
notional amount and because they are individually negotiated with a specific
counterparty. The purchase of an interest rate cap entitles the purchaser, to
the extent that a specific index exceeds a specified interest rate, to receive
payments of interest on a notional principal amount from the party selling the
interest rate cap. The purchase of an interest rate floor entitles the
purchaser, to the extent that a specified index falls below specified interest
rates, to receive payments of interest on a notional principal amount from the
party selling the interest rate floor. The purchase of an interest rate collar
entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index exceeds or falls
below two specified interest rates, to receive payments of interest on a
notional principal amount from the party selling the interest rate collar.
Except when using such contracts for risk management, ECDF will maintain cash,
U.S. Government Securities or other high grade debt obligations in a segregated
account with its custodian in an amount at least equal to its obligations, if
any, under interest rate cap, floor and collar arrangements. As with futures
contracts, when ECDF uses notional amount contracts for risk management it is
only required to segregate assets equal to its net payment obligation, not the
notional amount of the contract. In those cases, the notional amount contract
will have the effect of providing a degree of investment leverage similar to the
leverage associated with non-segregated futures contracts. ECDF's use of
interest rate caps, floors and collars for the same or similar purposes as those
for which they use futures contracts and related options present the same risks
and similar opportunities to those associated with futures and related options.
For a description of certain limitations on ECDF's use of caps, floors and
collars, see Appendix A, "Risks and Limitations of Options, Futures and Swaps --
Additional Regulatory Limitations on the Use of Futures, Related Options,
Interest Rate Floors, Caps and Collars and Interest Rate and Currency Swap
Contracts." Because caps, floors and collars are recent innovations for which
standardized documentation has not yet been developed they are deemed by the SEC
to be relatively illiquid investments which are subject to ECDF's limitation on
investment in illiquid securities. See "Description and Risks of Fund
Investments -- Illiquid Securities."
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS
- -----------------------------
Foreign currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short
periods of time. They generally are determined by the forces of supply and
demand in the foreign exchange markets and the relative merits of investments in
different countries, actual or perceived changes in interest rates and other
complex factors. Currency exchange rates also can be affected unpredictably by
intervention (or the failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign governments or
central banks, or by currency controls or political developments in the U.S. or
abroad. For example, significant uncertainty surrounds the proposed introduction
of the "euro" (a common currency unit for the European Union) in January 1999.
These and other currencies in which ECDF's assets are denominated may be
devalued against the U.S. dollar, resulting in a loss to ECDF, and thus the
Fund.
ECDF is permitted to invest in securities denominated in foreign
currencies and may buy or sell foreign currencies, deal in forward foreign
currency contracts, currency futures contracts and related options and options
on currencies. ECDF may use such currency instruments for hedging, investment or
currency risk management. Currency risk management may include taking active
currency positions relative to both the securities portfolio of ECDF and its
performance benchmark.
Forward foreign currency contracts are contracts between two parties to
purchase and sell a specific quantity of a particular currency at a specified
price, with delivery and settlement to take place on a specified future date.
Currency futures contracts are contracts to buy or sell a standard quantity of a
particular currency at a specified future date and price. Options on currency
futures contracts give their owner the right, but not the obligation, to buy (in
the case of a call option) or sell (in the case of a put option) a specified
currency futures contract at a fixed price during a specified period. Options on
currencies give their owner the right, but not the obligation, to buy (in the
case of a call option) or sell (in the case of a put option) a specified
quantity of a particular currency at a fixed price during a specified period.
ECDF may enter into forward contracts for hedging under three
circumstances. First, when ECDF enters into a contract for the purchase or sale
of a security denominated in a foreign currency, it may desire to "lock in" the
U.S. dollar price of the security. By entering into a forward contract for the
purchase or sale, for a fixed amount of dollars, of the amount of foreign
currency involved in the underlying security transaction, ECDF will be able to
protect itself against a possible loss resulting from an adverse change in the
relationship between the U.S. dollar and the subject foreign currency during the
period between the date on which the security is purchased or sold and the date
on which payment is made or received.
Second, when the Manager of ECDF believes that the currency of a
particular foreign country may suffer a substantial decline against the U.S.
dollar, it may enter into a forward contract to sell, for a fixed amount of
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<PAGE> 16
dollars, the amount of foreign currency approximating the value of some or all
of ECDF's portfolio securities denominated in such foreign currency. Maintaining
a match between the forward contract amounts and the value of the securities
involved will not generally be possible since the future value of such
securities in foreign currencies will change as a consequence of market
movements in the value of those securities between the date the forward contract
is entered into and the date it matures.
Third, ECDF may engage in currency "cross hedging" when, in the opinion
of the Manager, the historical relationship among foreign currencies suggests
that ECDF may achieve the same protection for a foreign security at reduced cost
through the use of a forward foreign currency contract relating to a currency
other than the U.S. dollar or the foreign currency in which the security is
denominated. By engaging in cross hedging transactions, ECDF assumes the risk of
imperfect correlation between the subject currencies. These practices may
present risks different from or in addition to the risks associated with
investments in foreign currencies. See Appendix A, "Risks and Limitations of
Options, Futures and Swaps."
ECDF is not required to enter into hedging transactions with regard to
its foreign currency-denominated securities and will not do so unless deemed
appropriate by the Manager. By entering into the above hedging transactions,
ECDF may be required to forego the benefits of advantageous changes in the
exchange rates.
ECDF may also enter foreign currency forward contracts for investment
and currency risk management. When ECDF uses currency instruments for such
purposes, the foreign currency exposure of ECDF may differ substantially from
the currencies in which ECDF's investment securities are denominated. However,
ECDF's aggregate foreign currency exposure will not normally exceed 100% of the
value of ECDF's securities, except that ECDF may use currency instruments
without regard to this limitation if the amount of such excess, when aggregated
with futures contracts, equity swap contracts and contracts for differences used
in similar ways, does not exceed 10% of ECDF's net assets.
Except to the extent that ECDF may use such contracts for risk
management, whenever ECDF enters into a foreign currency forward contract, other
than a forward contract entered into for hedging, it will maintain cash, U.S.
Government securities or other high grade debt obligations in a segregated
account with its custodian with a value, marked to market daily, equal to the
amount of the currency required to be delivered.
ECDF may use currency futures contracts and related options and options
on currencies for the same reasons for which they use currency forwards. Except
to the extent that ECDF may use futures contracts and related options for risk
management, ECDF will, so long as it is obligated as the writer of a call option
on currency futures, own on a contract-for-contract basis an equal long position
in currency futures with the same delivery date or a call option on currency
futures with the difference, if any, between the market value of the call
written and the market value of the call or long currency futures purchased
maintained by ECDF in cash, U.S. Government securities or other high grade debt
obligations in a segregated account with its custodian. If at the close of
business on any day the market value of the call purchased by ECDF falls below
100% of the market value of the call written by ECDF, ECDF will maintain an
amount of cash, U.S. Government securities or other high grade debt obligations
in a segregated account with its custodian equal in value to the difference.
Alternatively, ECDF may cover the call option by owning securities denominated
in the currency with a value equal to the face amount of the contract(s) or
through segregating with the custodian an amount of the particular foreign
currency equal to the amount of foreign currency per futures contract option
times the number of options written by ECDF.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
- ---------------------
ECDF may enter into repurchase agreements with banks and broker-dealers
by which ECDF acquires a security (usually an obligation of the Government where
the transaction is initiated or in whose currency the agreement is denominated)
for a relatively short period (usually not more than a week) for cash and
obtains a simultaneous commitment from the seller to repurchase the security at
an agreed-on price and date. The resale price is in excess of the acquisition
price and reflects an agreed-upon market rate unrelated to the coupon rate on
the purchased security. Such transactions afford an opportunity for ECDF to earn
a return on temporarily available cash at no market risk, although there is a
risk that the seller may default in its obligation to pay the agreed-upon sum on
the redelivery date. Such a default may subject ECDF to expenses, delays and
risks of loss including: (a) possible declines in the value of the underlying
security during the period while ECDF seeks to enforce its rights thereto, (b)
possible reduced levels of income and lack of access to income during this
period and (c) inability to enforce rights and the expenses involved in
attempted enforcement.
DEBT AND OTHER FIXED INCOME SECURITIES GENERALLY
- ------------------------------------------------
Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities include fixed income securities
of any maturity. Fixed income securities pay a specified rate of interest or
dividends, or a rate that is adjusted periodically by reference to some
specified index or market rate. Fixed income securities include securities
issued by federal, state, local and foreign governments and related agencies,
and by a wide range of private issuers.
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<PAGE> 17
Fixed income securities are subject to market and credit risk. Market
risk relates to changes in a security's value as a result of changes in interest
rates generally. In general, the values of fixed income securities increase when
prevailing interest rates fall and decrease when interest rates rise. Credit
risk relates to the ability of the issuer to make payments of principal and
interest. Obligations of issuers are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy,
insolvency and other laws, such as the Federal Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978,
affecting the rights and remedies of creditors. Fixed income securities
denominated in foreign currencies are also subject to the risk of a decline in
the value of the denominating currency.
Because interest rates vary, it is impossible to predict the future
income of ECDF investing in such securities. The net asset value of ECDF's
shares will vary as a result of changes in the value of the securities in its
portfolio and will be affected by the absence and/or success of hedging
strategies.
TEMPORARY HIGH QUALITY CASH ITEMS
- ---------------------------------
As described under "Investment Objectives and Policies" above, ECDF may
temporarily invest a portion of its assets in cash or cash items pending other
investments or in connection with the maintenance of a segregated account. These
cash items must be of high quality and may include a number of money market
instruments such as securities issued by the United States government and
agencies thereof, bankers' acceptances, commercial paper, and bank certificates
of deposit. By investing only in high quality money market securities ECDF will
seek to minimize credit risk with respect to such investments.
U.S. GOVERNMENT SECURITIES AND FOREIGN GOVERNMENT SECURITIES
- ------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. Government Securities include securities issued or guaranteed by
the U.S. government or its authorities, agencies or instrumentalities. Foreign
Government Securities include securities issued or guaranteed by foreign
governments (including political subdivisions) or their authorities, agencies or
instrumentalities or by supra-national agencies. U.S. Government Securities and
Foreign Government Securities have different kinds of government support. For
example, some U.S. Government Securities, such as U.S. Treasury bonds, are
supported by the full faith and credit of the United States, whereas certain
other U.S. Government Securities issued or guaranteed by federal agencies or
government-sponsored enterprises are not supported by the full faith and credit
of the United States. Similarly, some Foreign Government Securities are
supported by the full faith and credit of a foreign national government or
political subdivision and some are not. In the case of certain countries,
Foreign Government Securities may involve varying degrees of credit risk as a
result of financial or political instability in such countries and the possible
inability of ECDF to enforce its rights against the foreign government issuer.
Supra-national agencies are agencies whose member nations make capital
contributions to support the agencies' activities, and include such entities as
the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank), the
Asian Development Bank, the European Coal and Steel Community and the
Inter-American Development Bank.
Like other fixed income securities, U.S. Government Securities and
Foreign Government Securities are subject to market risk and their market values
fluctuate as interest rates change. Thus, for example, the value of an
investment in ECDF which holds U.S. Government Securities or Foreign Government
Securities may fall during times of rising interest rates. Yields on U.S.
Government Securities and Foreign Government Securities tend to be lower than
those of corporate securities of comparable maturities.
In addition to investing directly in U.S. Government Securities and
Foreign Government Securities, ECDF may purchase certificates of accrual or
similar instruments evidencing undivided ownership interests in interest
payments or principal payments, or both, in U.S. Government Securities and
Foreign Government Securities. These certificates of accrual and similar
instruments may be more volatile than other government securities.
LOWER RATED SECURITIES
- ----------------------
ECDF may invest some or all of its assets in securities rated below
investment grade (that is, rated below BBB by Standard & Poor's or below Baa by
Moody's) at the time of purchase, including securities in the lowest rating
categories, and comparable unrated securities ("Lower Rated Securities"). ECDF
will not necessarily dispose of a security when its rating is reduced below its
rating at the time of purchase, although the Manager will monitor the investment
to determine whether continued investment in the security will assist in meeting
ECDF's investment objective.
Lower Rated Securities generally provide higher yields, but are subject
to greater credit and market risk, than higher quality fixed income securities.
Lower Rated Securities are considered predominantly speculative with respect to
the ability of the issuer to meet principal and interest payments. Achievement
of the investment objective of ECDF investing in Lower Rated Securities may be
more dependent on the Manager's own credit analysis than is the case with higher
quality bonds. The market for Lower Rated Securities may be more severely
affected than some other financial markets by economic recession or substantial
interest rate increases, by
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<PAGE> 18
changing public perceptions of this market or by legislation that limits the
ability of certain categories of financial institutions to invest in these
securities. In addition, the secondary market may be less liquid for Lower Rated
Securities. This reduced liquidity at certain times may affect the values of
these securities and may make the valuation and sale of these securities more
difficult. Securities of below investment grade quality are commonly referred to
as "junk bonds." Securities in the lowest rating categories may be in poor
standing or in default. Securities in the lowest investment grade category (BBB
or Baa) have some speculative characteristics. See Appendix B for more
information concerning commercial paper and corporate debt ratings.
INDEXED SECURITIES
- ------------------
Indexed Securities are securities the redemption values and/or the
coupons of which are indexed to the prices of a specific instrument or
statistic. Indexed securities typically, but not always, are debt securities or
deposits whose value at maturity or coupon rate is determined by reference to
other securities, securities indexes, currencies, precious metals or other
commodities, or other financial indicators. Gold-indexed securities, for
example, typically provide for a maturity value that depends on the price of
gold, resulting in a security whose price tends to rise and fall together with
gold prices. Currency-indexed securities typically are short-term to
intermediate-term debt securities whose maturity values or interest rates are
determined by reference to the values of one or more specified foreign
currencies, and may offer higher yields than U.S. dollar-denominated securities
of equivalent issuers. Currency-indexed securities may be positively or
negatively indexed; that is, their maturity value may increase when the
specified currency value increases, resulting in a security that performs
similarly to a foreign-denominated instrument, or their maturity value may
decline when foreign currencies increase, resulting in a security whose price
characteristics are similar to a put on the underlying currency.
Currency-indexed securities may also have prices that depend on the values of a
number of different foreign currencies relative to each other.
The performance of indexed securities depends to a great extent on the
performance of the security, currency, or other instrument to which they are
indexed, and may also be influenced by interest rate changes in the U.S. and
abroad. At the same time, indexed securities are subject to the credit risks
associated with the issuer of the security, and their values may decline
substantially if the issuer's creditworthiness deteriorates. Recent issuers of
indexed securities have included banks, corporations, and certain U.S.
government agencies.
Indexed securities in which ECDF may invest include so-called "inverse
floating obligations" or "residual interest bonds" on which the interest rates
typically decline as short-term market interest rates increase and increase as
short-term market rates decline. Such securities have the effect of providing a
degree of investment leverage, since they will generally increase or decrease in
value in response to changes in market interest rates at a rate which is a
multiple of the rate at which fixed-rate long-term securities increase or
decrease in response to such changes. As a result, the market values of such
securities will generally be more volatile than the market values of fixed rate
securities.
ECDF's investment in indexed securities may also create taxable income
in excess of the cash such investments generate. See "Taxes - Tax Implications
of Certain Investments" in the GMO Trust Prospectus.
FIRM COMMITMENTS
- ----------------
A firm commitment agreement is an agreement with a bank or
broker-dealer for the purchase of securities at an agreed-upon price on a
specified future date. ECDF may enter into firm commitment agreements with such
banks and broker-dealers with respect to any of the instruments eligible for
purchase by ECDF. ECDF will only enter into firm commitment arrangements with
banks and broker-dealers which the Manager determines present minimal credit
risks. ECDF will maintain in a segregated account with its custodian cash, U.S.
Government Securities or other liquid high grade debt obligations in an amount
equal to ECDF's obligations under firm commitment agreements.
REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS AND DOLLAR ROLL AGREEMENTS
- --------------------------------------------------------
ECDF may enter into reverse repurchase agreements and dollar roll
agreements with banks and brokers to enhance return. Reverse repurchase
agreements involve sales by ECDF of portfolio assets concurrently with an
agreement by ECDF to repurchase the same assets at a later date at a fixed
price. During the reverse repurchase agreement period, ECDF continues to receive
principal and interest payments on these securities and also has the opportunity
to earn a return on the collateral furnished by the counterparty to secure its
obligation to redeliver the securities.
Dollar rolls are transactions in which ECDF sells securities for
delivery in the current month and simultaneously contracts to repurchase
substantially similar (same type and coupon) securities on a specified future
date. During the roll period, ECDF forgoes principal and interest paid on the
securities. ECDF is compensated by the difference between the current sales
price and the forward price for the future purchase (often referred to as the
"drop") as well as by the interest earned on the cash proceeds of the initial
sale.
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<PAGE> 19
ECDF which makes such investments will establish segregated accounts
with its custodian in which ECDF will maintain cash, U.S. Government Securities
or other liquid high grade debt obligations equal in value to its obligations in
respect of reverse repurchase agreements and dollar rolls. Reverse repurchase
agreements and dollar rolls involve the risk that the market value of the
securities retained by ECDF may decline below the price of the securities ECDF
has sold but is obligated to repurchase under the agreement. In the event the
buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement or dollar roll files
for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, ECDF's use of the proceeds of the agreement
may be restricted pending a determination by the other party or its trustee or
receiver whether to enforce ECDF's obligation to repurchase the securities.
Reverse repurchase agreements and dollar rolls are not considered borrowings by
ECDF for purposes of ECDF's fundamental investment restriction with respect to
borrowings.
ILLIQUID SECURITIES
- -------------------
ECDF may purchase "illiquid securities," i.e., securities which may not
be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at
approximately the value at which ECDF has valued the investment, which include
securities whose disposition is restricted by securities laws, so long as no
more than 15% of net assets would be invested in such illiquid securities. ECDF
currently intends to invest in accordance with the SEC staff view that
repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days are illiquid securities.
The SEC staff has stated informally that it is of the view that over-the-counter
options and securities serving as cover for over-the-counter options are
illiquid securities. While the Trust does not agree with this view, it will
operate in accordance with any relevant formal guidelines adopted by the SEC.
In addition, the SEC staff considers equity swap contracts, caps,
floors and collars to be illiquid securities. Consequently, while the staff
maintains this position, ECDF will not enter into an equity swap contract or a
reverse equity swap contract or purchase a cap, floor or collar if, as a result
of the investment, the total value (i.e., marked-to-market value) of such
investments (without regard to their notional amount) together with that of all
other illiquid securities which ECDF owns would exceed 15% of ECDF's total
assets.
MORTGAGE-BACKED AND OTHER ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES
- -------------------------------------------------
Mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities may be issued by the
U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities, or by non-governmental
issuers. Interest and principal payments (including prepayments) on the
mortgages underlying mortgage-backed securities are passed through to the
holders of the mortgage-backed security. Prepayments occur when the mortgagor on
an individual mortgage prepays the remaining principal before the mortgage's
scheduled maturity date. As a result of the pass-through of prepayments of
principal on the underlying mortgages, mortgage-backed securities are often
subject to more rapid prepayment of principal than their stated maturity would
indicate. Because the prepayment characteristics of the underlying mortgages
vary, there can be no certainty as to the predicted yield or average life of a
particular issue of pass-through certificates. Prepayments are important because
of their effect on the yield and price of the securities. During periods of
declining interest rates, such prepayments can be expected to accelerate and
ECDF would be required to reinvest the proceeds at the lower interest rates then
available. In addition, prepayments of mortgages which underlie securities
purchased at a premium could result in capital losses because the premium may
not have been fully amortized at the time the obligation was prepaid. As a
result of these principal prepayment features, the values of mortgage-backed
securities generally fall when interest rates rise, but their potential for
capital appreciation in periods of falling interest rates is limited because of
the prepayment feature. The mortgage-backed securities purchased by ECDF may
include Adjustable Rate Securities as such term is defined in "Description and
Risks of Fund Investment Practices -- Adjustable Rate Securities" below.
Other "asset-backed securities" include securities backed by pools of
automobile loans, educational loans and credit card receivables. Mortgage-backed
and asset-backed securities of non-governmental issuers involve pre-payment
risks similar to those of U.S. government guaranteed mortgage-backed securities
and also involve risk of loss of principal if the obligors of the underlying
obligations default in payment of the obligations.
COLLATERALIZED MORTGAGE OBLIGATIONS ("CMOS"); STRIPS AND RESIDUALS. A
CMO is a security backed by a portfolio of mortgages or mortgage-backed
securities held under an indenture. The issuer's obligation to make interest and
principal payments is secured by the underlying collateral or a combination
thereof. CMOs of different classes are generally retired in sequence as the
underlying mortgage loans in the mortgage pool are repaid. In the event of
sufficient early prepayments on such mortgages, the class or series of CMO first
to mature generally will be retired prior to its stated maturity. Thus, the
early retirement of a particular class or series of CMO held by ECDF would have
the same effect as the prepayment of mortgages underlying a mortgage-backed
pass-through security.
CMOs include securities ("Residuals") representing the interest in any
excess cash flow and/or the value of any collateral remaining on mortgages or
mortgage-backed securities from the payment of principal of and interest on all
other CMOs and the administrative expenses of the issuer. Residuals have value
only to the extent income from such underlying mortgages or mortgage-backed
securities exceeds the amounts necessary to satisfy the issuer's debt
obligations represented by all other outstanding CMOs.
-16-
<PAGE> 20
CMOs also include certificates representing undivided interests in
payments of interest-only or principal- only ("IO/PO Strips") on the underlying
mortgages. IO/PO Strips and Residuals tend to be more volatile than other types
of securities. IO Strips and Residuals also involve the additional risk of loss
of a substantial portion or the entire value of the investment if the underlying
securities are prepaid. In addition, if a CMO bears interest at an adjustable
rate, the cash flows on the related Residual will also be extremely sensitive to
the level of the index upon which the rate adjustments are based.
ADJUSTABLE RATE SECURITIES
- --------------------------
Adjustable rate securities are securities that have interest rates that
are reset at periodic intervals, usually by reference to some interest rate
index or market interest rate. They may be U.S. Government Securities or
securities of other issuers. Some adjustable rate securities are backed by pools
of mortgage loans. Although the rate adjustment feature may act as a buffer to
reduce sharp changes in the value of adjustable rate securities, these
securities are still subject to changes in value based on changes in market
interest rates or changes in the issuer's creditworthiness. Because the interest
rate is reset only periodically, changes in the interest rates on adjustable
rate securities may lag changes in prevailing market interest rates. Also, some
adjustable rate securities (or, in the case of securities backed by mortgage
loans, the underlying mortgages) are subject to caps or floors that limit the
maximum change in interest rate during a specified period or over the life of
the security. Because of the resetting of interest rates, adjustable rates
securities are less likely than non-adjustable rate securities of comparable
quality and maturity to increase significantly when market interest rates fall.
BRADY BONDS
- -----------
Brady Bonds are securities created through the exchange of existing
commercial bank loans to public and private entities in certain emerging markets
for new bonds in connection with debt restructurings under a debt restructuring
plan introduced by former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, Nicholas F. Brady (the
"Brady Plan"). Brady Plan debt restructurings have been implemented in Mexico,
Uruguay, Venezuela, Costa Rica, Argentina, Nigeria, the Philippines and other
countries.
Brady Bonds have been issued only recently, and for that reason do not
have a long payment history. Brady Bonds may be collateralized or
uncollateralized, are issued in various currencies (but primarily the dollar)
and are actively traded in over-the-counter secondary markets.
Dollar-denominated, collateralized Brady Bonds, which may be fixed-rate bonds or
floating-rate bonds, are generally collateralized in full as to principal by
U.S. Treasury zero coupon bonds having the same maturity as the bonds.
Brady Bonds are often viewed as having three or four valuation
components: any collateralized repayment of principal at final maturity; any
collateralized interest payments; the uncollateralized interest payments; and
any uncollateralized repayment of principal at maturity (these uncollateralized
amounts constituting the "residual risk"). In light of the residual risk of
Brady Bonds and the history of defaults of countries issuing Brady Bonds with
respect to commercial bank loans by public and private entities, investments in
Brady Bonds may be viewed as speculative.
ZERO COUPON SECURITIES
- ----------------------
A Fund investing in "zero coupon" fixed income securities is required
to accrue interest income on these securities at a fixed rate based on the
initial purchase price and the length to maturity, but these securities do not
pay interest in cash on a current basis. ECDF is required to distribute the
income on these securities to its shareholders as the income accrues, even
though ECDF is not receiving the income in cash on a current basis. Thus, ECDF
may have to sell other investments to obtain cash to make income distributions.
The market value of zero coupon securities is often more volatile than that of
non-zero coupon fixed income securities of comparable quality and maturity. Zero
coupon securities include IO and PO strips.
LOANS, LOAN PARTICIPATIONS AND ASSIGNMENTS
- ------------------------------------------
ECDF may invest in direct debt instruments which are interests in
amounts owed by a corporate, governmental, or other borrower to lenders or
lending syndicates (loans and loan participations), to suppliers of goods or
services (trade claims or other receivables), or to other parties. Direct debt
instruments are subject to ECDF's policies regarding the quality of debt
securities.
Purchasers of loans and other forms of direct indebtedness depend
primarily upon the creditworthiness of the borrower for payment of principal and
interest. Direct debt instruments may not be rated by any nationally recognized
rating agency and yield could be adversely affected. Loans that are fully
secured offer ECDF more protections than an unsecured loan in the event of
non-payment of scheduled interest or principal. However, there is no assurance
that the liquidation of collateral from a secured loan would satisfy the
borrower's obligation, or that the collateral can be liquidated. Indebtedness of
borrowers whose creditworthiness is poor involves substantially greater risks,
and may be highly speculative. Borrowers that are in bankruptcy or restructuring
may never pay off their indebtedness, or may pay only a small fraction of the
amount owed. Direct indebtedness of
-17-
<PAGE> 21
emerging countries will also involve a risk that the governmental entities
responsible for the repayment of the debt may be unable, or unwilling to pay
interest and repay principal when due.
When investing in a loan participation, ECDF will typically have the
right to receive payments only from the lender to the extent the lender receives
payments from the borrower, and not from the borrower itself. Likewise, ECDF
typically will be able to enforce its rights only through the lender, and not
directly against the borrower. As a result, ECDF will assume the credit risk of
both the borrower and the lender that is selling the participation.
Investments in loans through direct assignment of a financial
institution's interests with respect to a loan may involve additional risks to
ECDF. For example, if a loan is foreclosed, ECDF could become part owner of any
collateral, and would bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and
disposing of the collateral. In addition, it is conceivable that under emerging
legal theories of lender liability, ECDF could be held liable as a co-lender. In
the case of a loan participation, direct debt instruments may also involve a
risk of insolvency of the lending bank or other intermediary. Direct debt
instruments that are not in the form of securities may offer less legal
protection to ECDF in the event of fraud or misrepresentation. In the absence of
definitive regulatory guidance, ECDF may rely on the Manager's research to
attempt to avoid situations where fraud or misrepresentation could adversely
affect ECDF.
A loan is often administered by a bank or other financial institution
that acts as agent for all holders. The agent administers the terms of the loan,
as specified in the loan agreement. Unless, under the terms of the loan or other
indebtedness, ECDF has direct recourse against the borrower, it may have to rely
on the agent to apply appropriate credit remedies against the borrower.
Direct indebtedness purchased by ECDF may include letters of credit,
revolving credit facilities, or other standby financing commitments obligating
ECDF to pay additional cash on demand. These commitments may have the effect of
requiring ECDF to increase its investment in a borrower at a time when it would
not otherwise have done so. ECDF will set aside appropriate liquid assets in a
segregated custodial account to cover its potential obligations under standby
financing commitments.
SPECIAL YEAR 2000 RISK CONSIDERATIONS
- -------------------------------------
Many of the services provided to the Fund and ECDF depend on the proper
functioning of computer systems. Many systems in use today cannot distinguish
between the year 1900 and the year 2000. Should any of the Fund's or ECDF's
service systems fail to process information properly, that could have an adverse
impact on the Fund's operations and services provided to shareholders. GMO, as
well as the Fund's and ECDF's administrator, transfer agent, custodian and other
service providers, have reported that each is working toward mitigating the
risks associated with the so-called "Year 2000 problem." However, there can be
no assurance that the problems will be corrected in all respects and that the
Fund's operations and services provided to shareholders will not be adversely
affected.
ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
----------------------------------
Fundamental Restrictions:
- -------------------------
Without a vote of the majority of the outstanding voting securities of
the Fund, the Trust will not take any of the following actions with respect to
the Fund as indicated:
(1) Borrow money except under the following circumstances: (i) The Fund
may borrow money from banks so long as after such a transaction, the total
assets (including the amount borrowed) less liabilities other than debt
obligations, represent at least 300% of outstanding debt obligations; (ii) The
Fund may also borrow amounts equal to an additional 5% of its total assets
without regard to the foregoing limitation for temporary purposes, such as for
the clearance and settlement of portfolio transactions and to meet shareholder
redemption requests; (iii) The Fund may enter into transactions that are
technically borrowings under the 1940 Act because they involve the sale of a
security coupled with an agreement to repurchase that security (e.g., reverse
repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and other similar investment techniques)
without regard to the asset coverage restriction described in (i) above, so long
as and to the extent that the Fund establishes a segregated account with its
custodian in which it maintains cash and/or high grade debt securities equal in
value to its obligations in respect of these transactions. Under current
pronouncements of the SEC staff, such transactions are not treated as senior
securities so long as and to the extent that the Fund establishes a segregated
account with its custodian in which it maintains liquid assets, such as cash,
U.S. Government securities or other appropriate high grade debt securities equal
in value to its obligations in respect of these transactions.
(2) Purchase securities on margin, except such short-term credits as
may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of securities. (For
this purpose, the deposit or payment of initial or variation margin in
connection with futures contracts or related options transactions is not
considered the purchase of a security on margin.)
-18-
<PAGE> 22
(3) Make short sales of securities or maintain a short position for the
Fund's account unless at all times when a short position is open the Fund owns
an equal amount of such securities or owns securities which, without payment of
any further consideration, are convertible into or exchangeable for securities
of the same issue as, and equal in amount to, the securities sold short.
(4) Underwrite securities issued by other persons except to the extent
that, in connection with the disposition of its portfolio investments, it may be
deemed to be an underwriter under federal securities laws.
(5) Purchase or sell real estate, although it may purchase securities
of issuers which deal in real estate, including securities of real estate
investment trusts, and may purchase securities which are secured by interests in
real estate.
(6) Make loans, except by purchase of debt obligations or by entering
into repurchase agreements or through the lending of the Fund's portfolio
securities. Loans of portfolio securities may be made with respect to up to 100%
of the Fund's total assets.
(7) Concentrate more than 25% of the value of its total assets in any
one industry (except that, as described herein, the Fund may invest all of its
assets in shares of ECDF, an open-end investment company).
(8) Purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts, except that
the Fund may purchase and sell financial futures contracts and options thereon.
(9) Issue senior securities, as defined in the 1940 Act and as
amplified by rules, regulations and pronouncements of the SEC. The SEC has
concluded that even though reverse repurchase agreements, firm commitment
agreements and standby commitment agreements fall within the functional meaning
of the term "evidence of indebtedness", the issue of compliance with Section 18
of the 1940 Act will not be raised with the SEC by the Division of Investment
Management if the Fund covers such securities by maintaining certain "segregated
accounts." Similarly, so long as such segregated accounts are maintained, the
issue of compliance with Section 18 will not be raised with respect to any of
the following: any swap contract or contract for differences; any pledge or
encumbrance of assets permitted by non-fundamental policy (5) below; any
borrowing permitted by restriction 1 above; any collateral arrangements with
respect to initial and variational margin permitted by non-fundamental policy
(5) below; and the purchase or sale of options, forward contracts, futures
contracts or options on futures contracts.
Non-Fundamental Restrictions:
- -----------------------------
It is contrary to the present policy of the Fund which may be changed
by the Trustees without shareholder approval, to:
(1) Invest in warrants or rights excluding options (other than warrants
or rights acquired by the Fund as a part of a unit or attached to securities at
the time of purchase), except that the Fund may invest in such warrants or
rights so long as the aggregate value thereof (taken at the lower of cost or
market) does not exceed 5% of the value of the fund's total net assets; provided
that within this 5%, not more than 2% of its net assets may be invested in
warrants that are not listed on the New York or American Stock Exchange or a
recognized foreign exchange.
(2) Buy or sell oil, gas or other mineral leases, rights or royalty
contracts.
(3) Make investments for the purpose of gaining control of a company's
management.
(4) Invest more than 15% of net assets in illiquid securities. The
securities currently thought to be included as "illiquid securities" are
restricted securities under the Federal securities laws (including illiquid
securities traded under Rule 144A), repurchase agreements and securities that
are not readily marketable. To the extent the Trustees determine that restricted
securities traded under Section 4(2) or Rule 144A under the Securities Act of
1933 are in fact liquid, they will not be included in the 15% limit on
investment in illiquid securities.
(5) Pledge, hypothecate, mortgage or otherwise encumber its assets in
excess of 331/3% of the Fund's total assets (taken at cost). (For the purposes
of this restriction, collateral arrangements with respect to swap agreements,
the writing of options, stock index, interest rate, currency or other futures,
options on futures contracts and collateral arrangements with respect to initial
and variation margin are not deemed to be a pledge or other encumbrance of
assets. The deposit of securities or cash or cash equivalents in escrow in
connection with the writing of covered call or put options, respectively is not
deemed to be a pledge or encumbrance.)
Except as indicated above in Fundamental Restriction No. 1, all
percentage limitations on investments set forth herein and in the Private
Placement Memorandum will apply at the time of the making of an investment and
shall not be considered violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists
immediately after and as a result of such investment.
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<PAGE> 23
The phrase "shareholder approval," as used in the Private Placement
Memorandum, and the phrase "vote of a majority of the outstanding voting
securities," as used herein with respect to the Fund, means the affirmative vote
of the lesser of (1) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund, or (2)
67% or more of the shares of the Fund present at a meeting if more than 50% of
the outstanding shares are represented at the meeting in person or by proxy.
PURCHASE OF SHARES
------------------
Shares of the Fund are available only from the Trust and may be
purchased on any day when the New York Stock Exchange is open for business (a
"business day"). Shares may be purchased by calling (617) 330- 7500. See
"Purchase Procedures" below.
The purchase price of a share of the Fund is the net asset value next
determined after a Subscription Agreement is received in good order. No purchase
premium is charged by the Fund, although investors in the Fund will indirectly
bear ECDF's purchase premium, which is currently 0.50%. This purchase premiums
is paid to and retained by ECDF and is intended to cover the brokerage and other
costs associated with putting the investment to work in the relevant markets.
Shares may be purchased (i) in cash, (ii) in exchange for securities on
deposit at The Depository Trust Company ("DTC") (or such other depository
acceptable to the Manager), subject to the determination by the Manager that the
securities to be exchanged are acceptable, or (iii) by a combination of such
securities and cash. In all cases, the Manager reserves the right to reject any
particular investment. Securities acceptable to the Manager as consideration for
Fund shares will be valued as set forth under "Determination of Net Asset Value"
(generally the last quoted sale price) as of the time of the next determination
of net asset value after such acceptance. All dividends, subscription or other
rights which are reflected in the market price of accepted securities at the
time of valuation become the property of the Fund and must be delivered to the
Trust upon receipt by the investor from the issuer. A gain or loss for federal
income tax purposes may be realized by investors subject to federal income
taxation upon the exchange, depending upon the investor's basis in the
securities tendered.
The Manager will not approve securities as acceptable consideration for
Fund shares unless (1) the Manager, in its sole discretion, believes the
securities are appropriate investments for the Fund; (2) the investor represents
and agrees that all securities offered to the Fund are not subject to any
restrictions upon their sale by the Fund under the Securities Act of 1933, or
otherwise; and (3) the securities may be acquired under the investment
restrictions applicable to the Fund. Investors interested in making in-kind
purchases should telephone the Manager at (617) 330-7500.
For purposes of calculating the purchase price of Trust shares, a
Subscription Agreement is received by the Trust on the day that it is in "good
order" and is accepted by the Trust. For a Subscription Agreement to be in "good
order" on a particular day, the investor's consideration must be received before
the relevant deadline on that day. If the investor makes a cash investment, the
deadline for wiring Federal funds to the Trust is 2:00 p.m.; if the investor
makes an investment in-kind, the investor's securities must be placed on deposit
at DTC (or such other depository as is acceptable to the Manager) and 2:00 p.m.
is the deadline for transferring those securities to the account designated by
the transfer agent, Investors Bank & Trust Company, 200 Clarendon Street,
Boston, Massachusetts 02116. Investors should be aware that approval of the
securities to be used for purchase must be obtained from the Manager prior to
this time. When the consideration is received by the Trust after the relevant
deadline, the Subscription Agreement is not considered to be in good order and
is required to be resubmitted on the following business day. With the prior
consent of the Manager, in certain circumstances the Manager may, in its
discretion, permit purchases based on receiving adequate written assurances that
Federal Funds or securities, as the case may be, will be delivered to the Trust
by 2:00 p.m. on or prior to the fourth business day after such assurances are
received.
PURCHASE PROCEDURES:
(a) General: Investors should call the Trust at (617) 330-7500 before
attempting to place an order for Shares. The Trust reserves the right to reject
any order for Trust shares. DO NOT SEND CASH, CHECKS OR SECURITIES DIRECTLY TO
THE TRUST. Wire transfer and mailing instructions are contained in the
SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT which can be obtained from the Trust at the telephone
numbers set forth above.
Purchases will be made in full and fractional shares of the Fund
calculated to three decimal places. The Trust will send a written confirmation
(including a statement of shares owned) to shareholders at the time of each
transaction.
(b) Subscription Agreement: Investors must submit a Subscription
Agreement to the Trust and it must be accepted by the Trust before it will be
considered in "good order."
-20-
<PAGE> 24
A Subscription Agreement for Shares may be obtained by calling the
Trust at (617) 330-7500. The Subscription Agreement may be submitted to the
Trust (i) By Mail to GMO Trust c/o Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC, 40
Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110; Attention: Shareholder Services, or (ii) By
Facsimile to (617) 439-4192; Attention: Shareholder Services.
(c) Acceptance of Order: No Subscription Agreement is in "good order"
until it has been accepted by the Trust. As noted above, investors should call
the Trust at the telephone number indicated before attempting to place an order.
If a Subscription Agreement is faxed to the Trust without first contacting the
Trust, investors should not consider their order acknowledged until they have
received notification from the Trust or have confirmed receipt of the order by
contacting the Trust. A shareholder may confirm acceptance of a mailed or faxed
Subscription Agreement by calling the Trust at (617) 330-7500. If a Subscription
Agreement is mailed to the Trust, it will be acted upon when received.
(d) Payment: All Federal funds must be transmitted to Investors Bank &
Trust Company for the account of the Fund. "Federal funds" are monies credited
to Investors Bank & Trust Company's account with the Federal Reserve Bank of
Boston.
Note: The Trust may attempt to process orders for Trust shares that are
submitted less formally than as described above, but, in such cases, the
investor should carefully review confirmations sent by the Trust to verify that
the order was properly executed. The Trust cannot be held responsible for
failure to execute orders or improperly executing orders that are not submitted
in accordance with these procedures.
REDEMPTION OF SHARES
--------------------
Shares of the Fund may be redeemed on any business day in cash or in
kind. The redemption price is the net asset value per share next determined
after receipt of the redemption request in "good order". The Fund does not
charge any redemption fees. Investors in the Fund will, however, indirectly bear
ECDF's redemption fee, which is currently 0.25%. These fees are paid to and
retained by ECDF and are employed to allocate transaction costs caused by
shareholder activity to the shareholder generating the activity, rather than to
ECDF as a whole. Redemption fees are not sales loads or contingent deferred
sales charges.
If the Manager determines, in its sole discretion, that it would be
detrimental to the best interests of the remaining shareholders of the Fund to
make payment wholly or partly in cash, the Fund may pay the redemption price in
whole or in part by a distribution in-kind of securities held by the Fund in
lieu of cash. Securities used to redeem Fund shares in-kind will be valued in
accordance with the Fund's procedures for valuation described under
"Determination of Net Asset Value." Securities distributed by the Fund in-kind
will be selected by the Manager in light of the Fund's objective and will not
generally represent a pro rata distribution of each security held in the Fund's
portfolio. Any in-kind redemptions will be of readily marketable securities to
the extent available. Investors may incur brokerage charges on the sale of any
such securities so received in payment of redemptions.
Payment on redemption will be made as promptly as possible and in any
event within seven days after the request for redemption is received by the
Trust in "good order." A redemption request is in "good order" if it includes
the exact name in which shares are registered, the investor's account number and
the number of shares or the dollar amount of shares to be redeemed and if it is
signed exactly in accordance with the form of registration. In addition, for a
redemption request to be in "good order" on a particular day, the investor's
request must be received by the Trust by 4:15 p.m. on a business day. When a
redemption request is received after 4:15 p.m., the redemption request will not
be considered to be in "good order" and is required to be resubmitted on the
following business day. Persons acting in a fiduciary capacity, or on behalf of
a corporation, partnership or trust must specify, in full, the capacity in which
they are acting. The redemption request will be considered "received" by the
Trust only after (i) it is mailed to, and received by, the Trust at the address
set forth above for purchase orders, or (ii) it is faxed to the Trust at the
facsimile number set forth above for purchase orders, and the investor has
confirmed receipt of the faxed request by calling the Trust at (617) 330-7500.
In-kind distributions will be transferred and delivered as directed by the
investor. Cash payments will be made by transfer of Federal funds for payment
into the investor's account.
When opening an account with the Trust, shareholders will be required
to designate the account(s) to which funds or securities may be transferred upon
redemption. Designation of additional accounts and any change in the accounts
originally designated must be made in writing.
The Fund may suspend the right of redemption and may postpone payment
for more than seven days when the New York Stock Exchange is closed for other
than weekends or holidays, or if permitted by the rules of the Securities and
Exchange Commission during periods when trading on the Exchange is restricted or
during an emergency which makes it impracticable for the Fund to dispose of its
securities or to fairly determine the value of the net assets of the Fund, or
during any other period permitted by the Securities and Exchange Commission for
the protection of investors. Because the Fund holds portfolio securities listed
on foreign exchanges which may
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<PAGE> 25
trade on days on which the New York Stock Exchange is closed, the net asset
value of the Fund's shares may be significantly affected on days when
shareholders have no access to the Fund.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
--------------------------------
The net asset value of a share is determined for the Fund once on each
day on which the New York Stock Exchange is open as of 4:15 p.m., New York City
Time, except that the Fund may not determine its net asset value on days during
which no security is tendered for redemption and no order to purchase or sell
such security is received by the relevant Fund. The Fund's net asset value is
determined by dividing the total market value of the Fund's portfolio
investments and other assets, less any liabilities, by the total outstanding
shares of the Fund. Portfolio securities listed on a securities exchange for
which market quotations are available are valued at the last quoted sale price
on each business day, or, if there is no such reported sale, at the most recent
quoted bid price. Price information on listed securities is generally taken from
the closing price on the exchange where the security is primarily traded.
Unlisted securities for which market quotations are readily available are valued
at the most recent quoted bid price, except that debt obligations with sixty
days or less remaining until maturity may be valued at their amortized cost,
unless circumstances dictate otherwise. Circumstances may dictate otherwise,
among other times, when the issuer's creditworthiness has become impaired.
All other fixed income securities (which includes bonds, loans and
structured notes) and options thereon are valued at the closing bid for such
securities as supplied by a primary pricing source chosen by the Manager. While
the Manager evaluates such primary pricing sources on an ongoing basis, and may
change any pricing source at any time, the Manager will not normally evaluate
the prices supplied by the pricing sources on a day-to-day basis. However, the
Manager is kept informed of erratic or unusual movements (including unusual
inactivity) in the prices supplied for a security and has the power to override
any price supplied by a source (by taking a price supplied from another source)
because of such price activity or because the Manager has other reasons to
suspect that a price supplied may not be reliable.
Other assets and securities for which no quotations are readily
available are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by the Trustees
or persons acting at their direction. The values of foreign securities quoted in
foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at current exchange rates or
at such other rates as the Trustees may determine in computing net asset value.
Because of time zone differences, foreign exchanges and securities
markets will usually be closed prior to the time of the closing of the New York
Stock Exchange and values of foreign options and foreign securities will be
determined as of the earlier closing of such exchanges and securities markets.
However, events affecting the values of such foreign securities may occasionally
occur between the earlier closings of such exchanges and securities markets and
the closing of the New York Stock Exchange which will not be reflected in the
computation of the net asset value of the Fund. If an event materially affecting
the value of such foreign securities occurs during such period, then such
securities will be valued at fair value as determined in good faith by the
Trustees or persons acting at their direction.
Because foreign securities, options on foreign securities and foreign
futures are quoted in foreign currencies, fluctuations in the value of such
currencies in relation to the U.S. dollar will affect the net asset value of
shares of the Fund even though there has not been any change in the values of
such securities and options, measured in terms of the foreign currencies in
which they are denominated.
DISTRIBUTIONS
-------------
The Fund intends to pay out as dividends, at least annually,
substantially all of its net investment income (which is derived from dividends
and interest it receives from its portfolio investments and net short-term
capital gains). The Fund also intends to distribute substantially all of its net
long-term capital gains, if any, after giving effect to any available capital
loss carryovers. It is the policy of the Fund to make distributions, at least
annually, sufficient to avoid the imposition of a non-deductible 4% excise tax
on certain undistributed amounts of taxable investment income and capital gains.
The policy of the Fund is to declare and pay distributions of its dividends,
interest and foreign currency gains semi-annually. The Fund also intends to
distribute net short-term capital gains and net long-term capital gains at least
annually.
All dividends and/or distributions will be paid in shares of the Fund,
at net asset value, unless the shareholder elects to receive cash. There is no
purchase premium on reinvested dividends or distributions. Shareholders may make
this election by marking the appropriate box on the Application or by writing to
the Trust.
TAXES
-----
The Fund is treated as a separate taxable entity for federal income tax
purposes. The Fund intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment
company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,
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<PAGE> 26
as amended, and to meet all other requirements necessary for it to be relieved
of federal taxes on income and gains it distributes to shareholders. So long as
the Fund so qualifies, the Fund itself will not pay federal income taxes on the
amounts distributed.
Fund distributions derived from interest, dividends and certain other
income, including in general short-term capital gains, will be taxable as
ordinary income to shareholders subject to federal income tax whether received
in cash or reinvested shares. Pursuant to the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 (the
"1997 Act"), two different tax rates apply to net capital gains (that is, the
excess of net gains from capital assets held for more than one year ("long-term
capital assets") over net losses from capital assets held for not more than one
year ("short-term capital assets")). One rate (generally 28%) applies to net
gains on capital assets held for more than one year but not more than 18 months
("28% gains") and a second, preferred rate (generally 20%) applies to the
balance of such net capital gains ("20% gains"). Distributions of net capital
gains will be treated in the hands of shareholders as 28% gains to the extent
designated by the Fund as deriving from net gains from assets held for more than
one year but not more than 18 months, and the balance will be treated as 20%
gains. Distributions of 28% gains and 20% gains will be taxable to shareholders
as such, regardless of how long a shareholder has held the shares in the Fund.
Any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares held for six months or
less will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of any long-term
capital gain distributions received by a shareholder with respect to those
shares. The recognition of certain losses upon the sale of shares of the Fund
may be limited to the extent shareholders dispose of shares of one Fund and
invest in shares of the same or another Fund. A distribution paid to
shareholders by the Fund in January of a year generally is deemed to have been
received by shareholders on December 31 of the preceding year, if the
distribution was declared and payable to shareholders of record on a date in
October, November or December of that preceding year. The Trust will provide
federal tax information annually, including information about dividends and
distributions paid during the preceding year to taxable investors and others
requesting such information.
Dividends and distributions on the Fund's shares are generally subject
to federal income tax as described herein to the extent they do not exceed the
Fund's realized income and gains, even though such dividends and distributions
may economically represent a return of a particular shareholder's investment.
Such distributions are likely to occur in respect of shares purchased at a time
when the Fund's net asset value reflects gains that are either unrealized, or
realized but not distributed.
For additional information regarding the tax consequences to ECDF of
its investments, please see "Taxes" in the GMO Trust Prospectus.
The Fund's investment in foreign securities through ECDF may be subject
to withholding taxes at the source on dividends or interest payments. In that
case, the Fund's yield on those securities would be decreased. The Fund does not
expect to be eligible to elect to permit shareholders to claim a credit or
deduction on their income tax return for their pro rata share of such taxes.
The back-up withholding rules do not apply to tax exempt entities so
long as each such entity furnishes the Trust with an appropriate certification.
However, other shareholders are subject to back-up withholding at a rate of 31%
on all distributions of net investment income and capital gain, whether received
in cash or reinvested in shares of the Fund, and on the amount of the proceeds
of any redemption of Fund shares paid or credited to any shareholder account for
which an incorrect or no taxpayer identification number has been provided, where
appropriate certification has not been provided for a foreign shareholder, or
where the Trust is notified that the shareholder has underreported income in the
past (or the shareholder fails to certify that he is not subject to such
withholding).
The Internal Revenue Service recently revised its regulations affecting
the application to foreign investors of the back-up withholding and withholding
tax rules described above. The new regulations will generally be effective for
payments made after December 31, 1999 (although transition rules will apply). In
some circumstances, the new rules will increase the certification and filing
requirements imposed on foreign investors in order to qualify for exemption from
the 31% back-up withholding tax and for reduced withholding tax rates under
income tax treaties. Foreign investors in the Fund should consult their tax
advisors with respect to the potential application of these new regulations.
The foregoing is a general summary of the principal federal income tax
consequences of investing in the Fund for shareholders who are U.S. citizens,
residents or domestic corporations. Shareholders should consult their own tax
advisors about the precise tax consequences of an investment in the Fund in
light of each shareholder's particular tax situation. Shareholders should also
consult their own tax advisors about consequences under foreign, state, local or
other applicable tax laws (including possible liability for federal alternative
minimum tax).
LOSS OF REGULATED INVESTMENT COMPANY STATUS
- -------------------------------------------
If the Fund does not qualify for taxation as a regulated investment
company for any taxable year (for example, if ECDF fails to qualify as a
regulated investment company), the Fund's income will be taxed at the Fund level
at regular corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits,
including distributions of net
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<PAGE> 27
long-term capital gains, will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income and
subject to withholding in the case of non-U.S. shareholders. In addition, in
order to requalify for taxation as a regulated investment company that is
accorded special tax treatment, the Fund may be required to recognize unrealized
gains, pay substantial taxes and interest on such gains, and make certain
substantial distributions.
MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST
-----------------------
The Fund is advised and managed by Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co.
LLC, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110 (the "Manager" or "GMO") which
provides investment advisory services to a substantial number of institutional
and other investors, including one other registered investment company.
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC converted from a general partnership to a
limited liability company on December 16, 1996. Each of the following four
members holds a greater than 5% interest in the Manager: R. Jeremy Grantham,
Richard A. Mayo, Eyk H.A. Van Otterloo and Kingsley Durant.
Under a Management Contract with ECDF, the Manager selects and reviews
ECDF's investments and provides executive and other personnel for the management
of the Trust. Pursuant to the Trust's Agreement and Declaration of Trust, the
Board of Trustees supervises the affairs of the Trust as conducted by the
Manager. In the event that the Manager ceases to be the manager of the Fund or
ECDF, the right of the Trust to use the identifying name "GMO" may be withdrawn.
The Management Contract provides for payment to the Manager of a
management fee at the stated annual rates set forth under Schedule of Fees and
Expenses. The management fee is computed and accrued daily, and paid monthly. In
addition, with respect to the Fund, the Manager has voluntarily agreed to waive
its fee and to bear certain expenses until further notice in order to limit the
Fund's and ECDF's annual expenses to specified limits (with certain exclusions).
These limits and the terms applicable to them are described under the Schedule
of Fees and Expenses.
Mr. William L. Nemerever, Mr. Thomas F. Cooper and Mr. Steven Edelstein
are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of ECDF.
Pursuant to an Administrative Services Agreement with GMO, Investors
Bank & Trust Company provides administrative services to the Fund and ECDF. GMO
pays Investors Bank & Trust Company an annual fee for its services to the Fund
and ECDF.
Pursuant to a Servicing Agreement with the Trust on behalf of each
class of shares of each fund of the Trust (including the Fund and ECDF),
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC, in its capacity as the Trust's
shareholder servicer (the "Shareholder Servicer"), provides direct client
service, maintenance and reporting to shareholders of each class of shares. Such
servicing and reporting services include, without limitation, professional and
informative reporting, client account information, personal and electronic
access to Fund information, access to analysis and explanations of Fund reports,
and assistance in the correction and maintenance of client-related information.
ORGANIZATION AND CAPITALIZATION
-------------------------------
OF THE TRUST
------------
The Trust was established on June 24, 1985 as a business trust under
Massachusetts law. The Trust has an unlimited authorized number of shares of
beneficial interest which may, without shareholder approval, be divided into an
unlimited number of series and classes of such shares. The Trusts's shares are
presently divided into thirty-seven series of shares, one for the Emerging
Country Debt Share Fund, one for ECDF, and one for each of the Asia Fund,
International Core Plus Allocation Fund, Fundamental Value Fund, Pelican Fund,
U.S. Core Fund, Tobacco-Free Core Fund, Tax-Managed U.S. Equities Fund,
Tax-Managed International Equities Fund, Value Fund, Growth Fund, U.S. Sector
Fund, Small Cap Value Fund, Small Cap Growth Fund, REIT Fund, International Core
Fund, Currency Hedged International Core Fund, Foreign Fund, International Small
Companies Fund, Japan Fund, Emerging Markets Fund, Evolving Countries Fund,
Global Properties Fund, Domestic Bond Fund, U.S. Bond/Global Alpha A Fund, U.S.
Bond/Global Alpha B Fund, International Bond Fund, Currency Hedged International
Bond Fund, Global Bond Fund, Short-Term Income Fund, Global Hedged Equity Fund,
Inflation Indexed Bond Fund, International Equity Allocation Fund, World Equity
Allocation Fund, Global (U.S.+) Equity Allocation Fund, and Global Balanced
Allocation Fund, and up to eight classes of shares. All shares of all series are
entitled to vote at any meetings of shareholders. The Trust does not generally
hold annual meetings of shareholders and will do so only when required by law.
All shares entitle their holders to one vote per share. Matters submitted to
shareholder vote must be approved by each Fund separately except (i) when
required by the 1940 Act shares shall be voted together as a single class and
(ii) when the Trustees have determined that the matter does not affect the Fund,
then only shareholders of the Fund(s) affected shall be entitled to vote on the
matter. Shareholders of a particular class of shares do not have separate class
voting rights except with respect to matters that affect only that class of
shares or as otherwise required by law. Shares are freely transferable, are
entitled to dividends as declared by the Trustees, and, in liquidation of the
Trust, are entitled to receive the net assets of their Fund, but not of any
other Fund. Shareholders holding a majority of the
-24-
<PAGE> 28
outstanding shares of all series may remove Trustees from office by votes cast
in person or by proxy at a meeting of shareholders or by written consent.
Shareholders could, under certain circumstances, be held personally
liable for the obligations of the Trust. However, the risk of a shareholder
incurring financial loss on account of that liability is considered remote since
it may arise only in very limited circumstances.
-25-
<PAGE> 29
Appendix A
RISKS AND LIMITATIONS OF OPTIONS, FUTURES AND SWAPS
---------------------------------------------------
Limitations on the Use of Options and Futures Portfolio Strategies. As
noted in "Descriptions and Risks of Fund Investment Practices- -Futures and
Options" above, ECDF may use futures contracts and related options for hedging
and, in some circumstances, for risk management or investment but not for
speculation. Thus, except when used for risk management or investment, ECDF's
long futures contract positions (less its short positions) together with ECDF's
cash (i.e., equity or fixed income) positions will not exceed ECDF's total net
assets.
ECDF's ability to engage in the options and futures strategies
described above will depend on the availability of liquid markets in such
instruments. Markets in options and futures with respect to currencies are
relatively new and still developing. It is impossible to predict the amount of
trading interest that may exist in various types of options or futures.
Therefore no assurance can be given that ECDF will be able to utilize these
instruments effectively for the purposes set forth above.
Risk Factors in Options Transactions. The option writer has no control
over when the underlying securities or futures contract must be sold, in the
case of a call option, or purchased, in the case of a put option, since the
writer may be assigned an exercise notice at any time prior to the termination
of the obligation. If an option expires unexercised, the writer realizes a gain
in the amount of the premium. Such a gain, of course, may, in the case of a
covered call option, be offset by a decline in the market value of the
underlying security or futures contract during the option period. If a call
option is exercised, the writer realizes a gain or loss from the sale of the
underlying security or futures contract. If a put option is exercised, the
writer must fulfill the obligation to purchase the underlying security or
futures contract at the exercise price, which will usually exceed the then
market value of the underlying security or futures contract.
An exchange-traded option may be closed out only on a national
securities exchange ("Exchange") which generally provides a liquid secondary
market for an option of the same series. An over-the-counter option may be
closed out only with the other party to the option transaction. If a liquid
secondary market for an exchange-traded option does not exist, it might not be
possible to effect a closing transaction with respect to a particular option
with the result that ECDF holding the option would have to exercise the option
in order to realize any profit. For example, in the case of a written call
option, if ECDF is unable to effect a closing purchase transaction in a
secondary market (in the case of a listed option) or with the purchaser of the
option (in the case of an over-the- counter-option), ECDF will not be able to
sell the underlying security (or futures contract) until the option expires or
it delivers the underlying security (or futures contract) upon exercise. Reasons
for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an Exchange include the
following: (i) there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options;
(ii) restrictions may be imposed by an Exchange on opening transactions or
closing transactions or both; (iii) trading halts, suspensions or other
restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of
options or underlying securities; (iv) unusual or unforeseen circumstances may
interrupt normal operations on an Exchange; (v) the facilities of an Exchange or
the Options Clearing Corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle
current trading volume; or (vi) one or more Exchanges could, for economic or
other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the
trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event
the secondary market on that Exchange (or in that class or series of options)
would cease to exist, although outstanding options on that Exchange that had
been issued by the Options Clearing Corporation as a result of trades on that
Exchange should continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
The Exchanges have established limitations governing the maximum number
of options which may be written by an investor or group of investors acting in
concert. It is possible that ECDF, the Manager and other clients of the Manager
may be considered to be such a group. These position limits may restrict ECDF's
ability to purchase or sell options on a particular security.
The amount of risk ECDF assumes when it purchases an option is the
premium paid for the option plus related transaction costs. In addition to the
correlation risks discussed below, the purchase of an option also entails the
risk that changes in the value of the underlying security or futures contract
will not be fully reflected in the value of the option purchased.
Risk Factors in Futures Transactions. Investment in futures contracts
involves risk. If the futures are used for hedging, some of that risk may be
caused by an imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the futures
contract and the price of the security or currency being hedged. The correlation
is higher between price movements of futures contracts and the instrument
underlying that futures contract. The correlation is lower when futures are used
to hedge securities other than such underlying instrument, such as when a
futures contract on an index of securities is used to hedge a single security, a
futures contract on one security (e.g., U.S. Treasury bonds) is used to hedge a
different security (e.g., a mortgage-backed security) or when a futures contract
in one currency (e.g., the German Mark) is used to hedge a security denominated
in another currency (e.g., the Spanish Peseta). In the event of an imperfect
correlation between a futures position and a portfolio position (or anticipated
position) which is intended to be protected, the desired protection may not be
obtained and ECDF may be exposed to risk of loss. In addition, it is not always
possible to hedge fully or perfectly against currency fluctuations
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<PAGE> 30
affecting the value of the securities denominated in foreign currencies because
the value of such securities also is likely to fluctuate as a result of
independent factors not related to currency fluctuations. The risk of imperfect
correlation generally tends to diminish as the maturity date of the futures
contract approaches.
A hedge will not be fully effective where there is such imperfect
correlation. To compensate for imperfect correlations, ECDF may purchase or sell
futures contracts in a greater amount than the hedged securities if the
volatility of the hedged securities is historically greater than the volatility
of the futures contracts. Conversely, ECDF may purchase or sell fewer contracts
if the volatility of the price of the hedged securities is historically less
than that of the futures contract.
As noted in the Private Placement Memorandum, ECDF may also purchase
futures contracts (or options thereon) as an anticipatory hedge against a
possible increase in the price of currency in which is denominated the
securities ECDF anticipates purchasing. In such instances, it is possible that
the currency may instead decline. If ECDF does not then invest in such
securities because of concern as to possible further market and/or currency
decline or for other reasons, ECDF may realize a loss on the futures contract
that is not offset by a reduction in the price of the securities purchased.
The liquidity of a secondary market in a futures contract may be
adversely affected by "daily price fluctuation limits" established by commodity
exchanges which limit the amount of fluctuation in a futures contract price
during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in the
contract, no trades may be entered into at a price beyond the limit, thus
preventing the liquidation of open futures positions. Prices have in the past
exceeded the daily limit on a number of consecutive trading days. Short
positions in index futures may be closed out only by entering into a futures
contract purchase on the futures exchange on which the index futures are traded.
The successful use of transactions in futures and related options for
hedging and risk management also depends on the ability of the Manager to
forecast correctly the direction and extent of exchange rate, interest rate and
stock price movements within a given time frame. For example, to the extent
interest rates remain stable during the period in which a futures contract or
option is held by ECDF investing in fixed income securities (or such rates move
in a direction opposite to that anticipated), ECDF may realize a loss on the
futures transaction which is not fully or partially offset by an increase in the
value of its portfolio securities. As a result, ECDF's total return for such
period may be less than if it had not engaged in the hedging transaction.
Unlike trading on domestic commodity exchanges, trading on foreign
commodity exchanges is not regulated by the CFTC and may be subject to greater
risks than trading on domestic exchanges. For example, some foreign exchanges
may be principal markets so that no common clearing facility exists and a trader
may look only to the broker for performance of the contract. In addition, unless
ECDF hedges against fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar
and the currencies in which trading is done on foreign exchanges, any profits
that ECDF might realized in trading could be eliminated by adverse changes in
the exchange rate, or ECDF could incur losses as a result of those changes.
Risk Factors in Swap Contracts, OTC Options and other Two-Party
Contracts. ECDF may only close out a swap, contract for differences, cap floor
or collar or OTC option, with the particular counterparty. Also, if the
counterparty defaults, ECDF will have contractual remedies pursuant to the
agreement related to the transaction, but there is no assurance that contract
counterparties will be able to meet their obligations pursuant to such contracts
or that, in the event of default, ECDF will succeed in pursuing contractual
remedies. ECDF thus assumes the risk that it may be delayed or prevented from
obtaining payments owed to it pursuant to swap contracts. The Manager will
closely monitor subject to the oversight of the Trustees, the creditworthiness
of contract counterparties and ECDF will not enter into any swaps, caps, floors
or collars, unless the unsecured senior debt or the claims-paying ability of the
other party thereto is rated at least A by Moody's Investors Service or Standard
and Poor's Corporation at the time of entering into such transaction or if the
counterparty has comparable credit as determined by the Manager. However, the
credit of the counterparty may be adversely affected by larger-than-average
volatility in the markets, even if the counterparty's net market exposure is
small relative to its capital. The management of caps, floors, collars and swaps
may involve certain difficulties because the characteristics of many derivatives
have not been observed under all market conditions or through a full market
cycle.
Additional Regulatory Limitations on the Use of Futures and Related
Options, Interest Rate Floors, Caps and Collars and Interest Rate and Currency
Swap Contracts. In accordance with CFTC regulations, investments by ECDF as
provided in the Private Placement Memorandum in futures contracts and related
options for purposes other than bona fide hedging are limited such that the
aggregate amount that ECDF may commit to initial margin on such contracts or
time premiums on such options may not exceed 5% of that Fund's net assets.
The Manager and the Trust do not believe that ECDF's respective
obligations under equity swap contracts, reverse equity swap contracts or Index
Futures are senior securities and, accordingly, ECDF will not treat them as
being subject to its borrowing restrictions. However, the net amount of the
excess, if any, of ECDF's obligations over its entitlements with respect to each
equity swap contract will be accrued on a daily basis and an amount of cash,
U.S. Government Securities or other high grade debt obligations having an
aggregate market value at least equal to the accrued excess will be maintained
in a segregated account by ECDF's custodian. Likewise, when ECDF takes a short
position with respect to an Index Futures contract the position must be covered
or ECDF must maintain at all times while that position is held by ECDF, cash,
U.S. government securities or
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<PAGE> 31
other high grade debt obligations in a segregated account with its custodian, in
an amount which, together with the initial margin deposit on the futures
contract, is equal to the current delivery or cash settlement value.
The use of unsegregated futures contracts, related written options,
interest rate floors, caps and collars and interest rate and currency swap
contracts for risk management by ECDF permitted to engage in any or all of such
practices is limited to no more than 10% of ECDF's total net assets when
aggregated with such Fund's traditional borrowings in accordance with SEC
pronouncements. This 10% limitation applies to the face amount of unsegregated
futures contracts and related options and to the amount of ECDF's net payment
obligation that is not segregated against in the case of interest rate floors,
caps and collars and interest rate and currency swap contracts.
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<PAGE> 32
APPENDIX B
COMMERCIAL PAPER AND CORPORATE DEBT RATINGS
-------------------------------------------
COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS
- ------------------------
Commercial paper ratings of Standard & Poor's Corporation ("Standard &
Poor's") are current assessments of the likelihood of timely payment of debts
having original maturities of no more than 365 days. Commercial paper rated A-1
by Standard & Poor's indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely
payment is either overwhelming or very strong. Those issues determined to
possess overwhelming safety characteristics are denoted A-1+. Commercial paper
rated A-2 by Standard and Poor's indicates that capacity for timely payment on
issues is strong. However, the relative degree of safety is not as high as for
issues designated A-1. Commercial paper rated A-3 indicates capacity for timely
payment. It is, however, somewhat more vulnerable to the adverse effects of
changes in circumstances than obligations carrying the higher designations.
The rating Prime-1 is the highest commercial paper rating assigned by
Moody's Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody's"). Issuers rated Prime-1 (or related
supporting institutions) are considered to have a superior capacity for
repayment of short-term promissory obligations. Issuers rated Prime-2 (or
related supporting institutions) have a strong capacity for repayment of
short-term promissory obligations. This will normally be evidenced by many of
the characteristics of Prime-1 rated issuers, but to a lesser degree. Earnings
trends and coverage ratios, while sound, will be more subject to variations.
Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be more affected by
external conditions. Ample alternative liquidity is maintained. Issuers rated
Prime- 3 have an acceptable capacity for repayment of short-term promissory
obligations. The effect of industry characteristics and market composition may
be more pronounced. Variability in earnings and profitability may result in
changes in the level of debt protection measurements and the requirement of
relatively high financial leverage. Adequate alternate liquidity is maintained.
CORPORATE DEBT RATINGS
- ----------------------
Standard & Poor's Corporation. A Standard & Poor's corporate debt
rating is a current assessment of the creditworthiness of an obligor with
respect to a specific obligation. The following is a summary of the ratings used
by Standard & Poor's for corporate debt:
AAA - This is the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor's to a debt
obligation and indicates an extremely strong capacity to pay interest and repay
principal.
AA - Bonds rated AA also qualify as high quality debt obligations. Capacity to
pay interest and repay principal is very strong, and in the majority of
instances they differ from AAA issues only in small degree.
A - Bonds rated A have a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal,
although they are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in
circumstances and economic conditions.
BBB - Bonds rated BBB are regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay
interest and repay principal. Whereas they normally exhibit adequate protection
parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more
likely to lead to a weakened capacity to repay principal and pay interest for
bonds in this category than for bonds in higher rated categories.
BB, B, CCC, CC - Bonds rated BB, B, CCC and CC are regarded, on balance, as
predominately speculative with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay
principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation. BB indicates the
lowest degree of speculation and CC the highest degree of speculation. While
such bonds will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these
are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse
conditions.
C - The rating C is reserved for income bonds on which no interest is being
paid.
D - Bonds rated D are in default, and payment of interest and/or repayment of
principal is in arrears.
Plus (+) or Minus (-): The ratings from "AA" to "B" may be modified by the
addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major
rating categories.
Moody's Investors Service, Inc. The following is a summary of the
ratings used by Moody's Investor Services, Inc. for corporate debt:
AAA - Bonds that are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry
the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as "gilt
edge." Interest payments are protected by a large, or by an exceptionally
stable, margin, and principal is secure. While the various protective elements
are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to
impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.
AA - Bonds that are rated Aa are judged to be high quality by all standards.
Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as high grade
bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection
may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective elements
may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present that make the
long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.1
A - Bonds that are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are
to be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving security to
principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present that
suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.1
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<PAGE> 33
BAA - Bonds that are rated Baa are considered as medium grade obligations; i.e.,
they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and
principal security appear adequate for the present, but certain protective
elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great
length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and, in
fact, have speculative characteristics as well.
BA - Bonds which are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements; their
future cannot be considered as well assured. Often, the protection of interest
and principal payments may be very moderate, and thereby not well safeguarded
during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position
characterizes bonds in this class.
B - Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of the desirable
investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of
other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
CAA - Bonds which are rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues may be in
default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or
interest.
CA - Bonds which are rated Ca represent obligations which are speculative in a
high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.
C - Bonds which are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds, and issues so
rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any
real investment standing. Should no rating be assigned by Moody's, the reason
may be one of the following:
1. An application for rating was not received or accepted.
2. The issue or issuer belongs to a group of securities that are not rated
as a matter of policy.
3. There is lack of essential data pertaining to the issue or issuer.
4. The issue was privately placed in which case the rating is not
published in Moody's publications.
Suspension or withdrawal may occur if new and material circumstances arise, the
effects of which preclude satisfactory analysis; if there is no longer available
reasonable up-to-date data to permit a judgment to be formed; if a bond is
called for redemption; or for other reasons.
Note: Those bonds in the Aa, A, Baa, Ba and B groups which Moody's believes
possess the strongest investment attributes are designated by the symbols 1Aa1,
A1, Baa1, and B1.
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<PAGE> 34
================================================================================
SHAREHOLDER INQUIRIES
Shareholders may direct inquiries regarding Shares
to Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC,
40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, MA 02110
(1-617-330-7500)
================================================================================
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<PAGE> 35
GMO EMERGING COUNTRY DEBT SHARE FUND
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
July 10, 1998
This Statement of Additional Information is not a prospectus. This Statement of
Additional Information relates to the GMO Emerging Country Debt Share Fund
Private Placement Memorandum dated July 10, 1998, as amended from time to time,
and should be read in conjunction therewith. A copy of the Private Placement
Memorandum may be obtained from GMO Trust, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts
02110.
<PAGE> 36
Table of Contents
Caption Page
------- ----
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES...........................................1
MISCELLANEOUS INVESTMENT PRACTICES...........................................1
MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST......................................................1
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES.......................................3
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS.......................................................5
DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST AND OWNERSHIP OF SHARES.............................6
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<PAGE> 37
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
The investment objective and policies of the GMO Emerging Country Debt
Share Fund (the "Emerging Country Debt Share Fund" or the "Fund") are described
in the Fund's Private Placement Memorandum. Unless otherwise indicated in the
Private Placement Memorandum or this Statement of Additional Information, the
investment objective and policies of the Fund may be changed without shareholder
approval.
MISCELLANEOUS INVESTMENT PRACTICES
Index Futures. As described in the Private Placement Memorandum, the
Fund expects to invest substantially all of its assets in shares of the GMO
Emerging Country Debt Fund ("ECDF"), a series of GMO Trust. As stated in the
Private Placement Memorandum under the heading "Description and Risks of Fund
Investments -- Futures and Options," ECDF may purchase futures contracts on
various securities indexes ("Index Futures"). An Index Future is a contract to
buy or sell an integral number of units of the particular stock index at a
specified future date at a price agreed upon when the contract is made. A unit
is the value from time to time of the relevant index. Entering into a contract
to buy units is commonly referred to as buying or purchasing a contract or
holding a long position in the relevant index.
For example, if the value of a unit of a particular index were $1,000,
a contract to purchase 500 units would be worth $500,000 (500 units x $1,000).
The Index Futures contract specifies that no delivery of the actual stocks
making up the index will take place. Instead, settlement in cash must occur upon
the termination of the contract, with the settlement being the difference
between the contract price and the actual level of the relevant index at the
expiration of the contract. For example, if ECDF enters into one futures
contract to buy 500 units of an index at a specified future date at a contract
price of $1,000 per unit and the index is at $1,010 on that future date, ECDF
will gain $5,000 (500 units x gain of $10).
MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST
The names and ages of the Trustees and officers of the Trust and their
principal occupations during the past five years are as follows:
R. Jeremy Grantham* (59). President-Quantitative and Chairman of the
Trustees of the Trust. Member, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co.
LLC
Harvey R. Margolis (55). Trustee of the Trust. Mathematics
Professor, Boston College.
Jay O. Light (56). Trustee of the Trust. Professor of Business
Administration, Harvard University; Senior Associate Dean, Harvard
University (1988-1992).
<PAGE> 38
Eyk del Mol Van Otterloo (61). President-International of the Trust.
Member, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
Richard Mayo (56). President-Domestic Active of the Trust. Member,
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
Kingsley Durant (66). Vice President and Secretary of the Trust.
Member, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
Susan Randall Harbert (41). Secretary and Treasurer of the Trust.
Member, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
William R. Royer, Esq. (32). Vice President and Assistant Treasurer
of the Trust. General Counsel, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co.
LLC (January 1995 - Present). Associate, Ropes & Gray, Boston,
Massachusetts (September 1992 - January 1995).
Jui Lai (49). Secretary of the Trust. Member, Grantham, Mayo, Van
Otterloo & Co. LLC
Ann Spruill (44). Secretary of the Trust. Member, Grantham, Mayo,
Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
Alison E. Baur, Esq. (34). Clerk of the Trust. Associate General
Counsel, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (February 1997 -
Present). Attorney, Securities and Exchange Commission (April 1991 -
January 1997).
Robert V. Brokaw, Jr. (54). Secretary of the Trust. Member,
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
*Trustee is deemed to be an "interested person" of the Trust and the Manager, as
defined by the 1940 Act.
The mailing address of each of the officers and Trustees is c/o GMO
Trust, 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110.
Except as stated above, the principal occupations of the officers and
Trustees for the last five years have been with the employers as shown above,
although in some cases they have held different positions with such employers.
Other than as set forth in the following table, no Trustee or officer
of the Trust receives any direct compensation from the Trust or any series
thereof:
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<PAGE> 39
NAME OF PERSON, TOTAL ANNUAL COMPENSATION FROM
POSITION THE TRUST
-------- ---------
Harvey R. Margolis, Trustee $70,000
Jay O. Light, Trustee $70,000
Messrs. Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo, Durant, Lai and Brokaw, and Mses.
Harbert and Spruill, as members of the Manager, will benefit from the management
fees paid by each Fund of the Trust.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
Management Contract
- -------------------
As disclosed in the Private Placement Memorandum under the heading
"Management of the Fund," the Fund does not charge an investment advisory fee.
However, an investment advisory fee is charged under a separate Management
Contract (the "Management Contract") between the Trust, on behalf of ECDF, and
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (the "Manager"). Subject to such policies
as the Trustees of the Trust may determine, the Manager will furnish
continuously an investment program for ECDF, will make investment decisions on
behalf of ECDF and place all orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio
securities. Subject to the control of the Trustees, the Manager also manages,
supervises and conducts the other affairs and business of the Trust, furnishes
office space and equipment, provides bookkeeping and certain clerical services
and pays all salaries, fees and expenses of officers and Trustees of the Trust
who are affiliated with the Manager. As indicated under "Portfolio Transactions
- -- Brokerage and Research Services," the Trust's portfolio transactions may be
placed with broker-dealers which furnish the Manager, at no cost, certain
research, statistical and quotation services of value to the Manager in advising
the Trust or its other clients.
As disclosed in the Private Placement Memorandum, the Manager has
voluntarily agreed to bear all Fund expenses (including the management fee but
excluding Shareholder Service Fees, brokerage commissions and other
investment-related costs, hedging transaction fees, extraordinary, non-recurring
and certain other unusual expenses (including taxes), securities lending fees
and expenses, transfer taxes and expenses indirectly incurred by investment in
ECDF) until further notice. In addition, the Manager's compensation from ECDF
will be reduced to the extent that the annual expenses incurred in the operation
of ECDF (including the management fee but excluding Shareholder Service Fees,
brokerage commissions and other investment-related costs, hedging transaction
fees, extraordinary, non-recurring and certain other unusual expenses (including
taxes), securities lending fees and expenses, transfer taxes and all custodial
fees) would exceed the percentage of ECDF's average daily net assets described
in the Private Placement Memorandum. Because the Manager's
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<PAGE> 40
compensation is fixed at an annual rate equal to this expense limitation, it is
expected that the Manager will pay such expenses (with the exceptions noted) as
they arise. In addition, the Manager's compensation under the Management
Contract is subject to reduction to the extent that in any year the expenses of
ECDF exceed the limits on investment company expenses imposed by any statute or
regulatory authority of any jurisdiction in which shares of ECDF are qualified
for offer and sale. The term "expenses" is defined in the statutes or
regulations of such jurisdictions, and, generally speaking, excludes brokerage
commissions, taxes, interest and extraordinary expenses. Neither the Fund nor
ECDF are currently subject to any state imposed limit on expenses.
The Management Contract provides that the Manager shall not be subject
to any liability in connection with the performance of its services thereunder
in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless
disregard of its obligations and duties.
The Management Contract was approved by the Trustees of the Trust
(including a majority of the Trustees who are not "interested persons" of the
Manager) and by ECDF's initial sole shareholder in connection with the
organization of the Trust and the establishment of ECDF. The Management Contract
will continue in effect for a period more than two years from the date of its
execution only so long as its continuance is approved at least annually by (i)
vote, cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose, of a majority of
those Trustees who are not "interested persons" of the Manager or the Trust, and
by (ii) the majority vote of either the full Board of Trustees or the vote of a
majority of the outstanding shares of ECDF. The Management Contract
automatically terminates on assignment, and is terminable on not more than 60
days' notice by the Trust to the Manager. In addition, the Management Contract
may be terminated on not more than 60 days' written notice by the Manager to the
Trust.
Custodial Arrangements. Investors Bank & Trust Company ("IBT"), 200
Clarendon Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02116 serves as the Trust's custodian on
behalf of the Fund and ECDF. As such, IBT holds in safekeeping certificated
securities and cash belonging to the Fund and, in such capacity, is the
registered owner of securities in book-entry form belonging to the Fund. Upon
instruction, IBT receives and delivers cash and securities of the Fund in
connection with the Fund's transactions and collects all dividends and other
distributions made with respect to the Fund's portfolio securities. IBT also
maintains certain accounts and records of the Trust and calculates the total net
asset value, total net income and net asset value per share of the Fund on a
daily basis.
Shareholder Service Arrangements. As disclosed in the Private Placement
Memorandum, pursuant to the terms of a single Servicing Agreement with each Fund
of the Trust, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC ("GMO") provides direct
client service, maintenance and reporting to shareholders of the Fund and ECDF.
The Servicing Agreement was approved by the Trustees of the Trust (including a
majority of the Trustees who are not "interested persons" of the Manager or the
Trust). The Servicing Agreement will continue in effect for a period more than
one year from the date of its execution only so long as its
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<PAGE> 41
continuance is approved at least annually by (i) vote, cast in person at a
meeting called for the purpose, of a majority of those Trustees who are not
"interested persons" of the Manager or the Trust, and by (ii) the majority vote
of the full Board of Trustees. The Servicing Agreement automatically terminates
on assignment (except as specifically provided in the Servicing Agreement) and
is terminable by either party upon not more than 60 days written notice to the
other party.
The Trust initially entered into the Servicing Agreement with GMO on
May 30, 1996.
Independent Accountants. The Trust's independent accountants are Price
Waterhouse Coopers, 160 Federal Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110. Price
Waterhouse Coopers conducts annual audits of the Trust's financial statements,
assists in the preparation of the Fund's federal and state income tax returns,
consults with the Trust as to matters of accounting and federal and state income
taxation and provides assistance in connection with the preparation of various
Securities and Exchange Commission filings.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
The purchase and sale of portfolio securities for ECDF and for the
other investment advisory clients of the Manager are made by the Manager with a
view to achieving their respective investment objectives. For example, a
particular security may be bought or sold for certain clients of the Manager
even though it could have been bought or sold for other clients at the same
time. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when
one or more other clients are selling the security. In some instances,
therefore, one client may sell indirectly a particular security to another
client. It also happens that two or more clients may simultaneously buy or sell
the same security, in which event purchases or sales are effected on a pro rata,
rotating or other equitable basis so as to avoid any one account's being
preferred over any other account.
Transactions involving the issuance of Fund shares for securities or
assets other than cash will be limited to a bona fide reorganization or
statutory merger and to other acquisitions of portfolio securities that meet all
of the following conditions: (a) such securities meet the investment objectives
and policies of the Fund; (b) such securities are acquired for investment and
not for resale; (c) such securities are liquid securities which are not
restricted as to transfer either by law or liquidity of market; and (d) such
securities have a value which is readily ascertainable as evidenced by a listing
on the American Stock Exchange, the New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ or a
recognized foreign exchange.
Brokerage and Research Services. In placing orders for the portfolio
transactions of ECDF, the Manager will seek the best price and execution
available, except to the extent it may be permitted to pay higher brokerage
commissions for brokerage and research services as described below. The
determination of what may constitute best price and execution by a
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<PAGE> 42
broker-dealer in effecting a securities transaction involves a number of
considerations, including, without limitation, the overall net economic result
to ECDF (involving price paid or received and any commissions and other costs
paid), the efficiency with which the transaction is effected, the ability to
effect the transaction at all where a large block is involved, availability of
the broker to stand ready to execute possibly difficult transactions in the
future and the financial strength and stability of the broker. Because of such
factors, a broker-dealer effecting a transaction may be paid a commission higher
than that charged by another broker-dealer. Most of the foregoing are judgmental
considerations.
Over-the-counter transactions often involve dealers acting for their
own account.
Although the Manager does not consider the receipt of research services
as a factor in selecting brokers to effect portfolio transactions for ECDF, the
Manager will receive such services from brokers who are expected to handle a
substantial amount of ECDF's portfolio transactions. Research services may
include a wide variety of analyses, reviews and reports on such matters as
economic and political developments, industries, companies, securities and
portfolio strategy. The Manager uses such research in servicing other clients
(including other Funds of the Trust) as well as ECDF.
As permitted by Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
and subject to such policies as the Trustees of the Trust may determine, the
Manager may pay an unaffiliated broker or dealer that provides "brokerage and
research services" (as defined in the Act) to the Manager an amount of
commission for effecting a portfolio investment transaction in excess of the
amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting
that transaction.
DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST AND OWNERSHIP OF SHARES
The Trust is organized as a Massachusetts business trust under the laws
of Massachusetts by an Agreement and Declaration of Trust ("Declaration of
Trust") dated June 24, 1985. A copy of the Declaration of Trust is on file with
the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The fiscal year for the Fund
ends on February 28.
Pursuant to the Declaration of Trust, the Trustees have currently
authorized the issuance of an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of
thirty-seven series: one for the Emerging Country Debt Share Fund, and one for
each of the GMO Asia Fund, GMO International Core Plus Allocation Fund, GMO
Fundamental Value Fund, Pelican Fund, GMO U.S. Core Fund, GMO Tobacco-Free Core
Fund, GMO Value Fund, GMO Growth Fund, GMO U.S. Sector Fund, GMO Small Cap Value
Fund, GMO Small Cap Growth Fund, GMO REIT Fund, GMO International Core Fund, GMO
Currency Hedged International Core Fund, GMO Foreign Fund, GMO International
Small Companies Fund, GMO Japan Fund, GMO Emerging Markets Fund, GMO Evolving
Countries Fund, GMO Global Properties Fund,
-6-
<PAGE> 43
GMO Domestic Bond Fund, GMO U.S. Bond/Global Alpha A Fund, GMO U.S. Bond/Global
Alpha B Fund, GMO International Bond Fund, GMO Currency Hedged International
Bond Fund, GMO Global Bond Fund, GMO Emerging Country Debt Fund, GMO Short-Term
Income Fund, GMO Global Hedged Equity Fund, GMO Inflation Indexed Bond Fund, GMO
International Equity Allocation Fund, GMO World Equity Allocation Fund, GMO
Global (U.S.+) Equity Allocation Fund, GMO Global Balanced Allocation Fund, GMO
Tax- Managed U.S. Equities Fund, and GMO Tax-Managed International Equities
Fund. Interests in each portfolio (Fund) are represented by shares of the
corresponding series. Each share of each series represents an equal
proportionate interest, together with each other share, in the corresponding
Fund. The shares of such series do not have any preemptive rights. Upon
liquidation of a Fund, shareholders of the corresponding series are entitled to
share pro rata in the net assets of the Fund available for distribution to
shareholders. The Declaration of Trust also permits the Trustees to charge
shareholders directly for custodial and transfer agency expenses, but there is
no present intention to make such charges.
The Declaration of Trust also permits the Trustees, without shareholder
approval, to subdivide any series of shares into various sub-series or classes
of shares with such dividend preferences and other rights as the Trustees may
designate. This power is intended to allow the Trustees to provide for an
equitable allocation of the impact of any future regulatory requirements which
might affect various classes of shareholders differently. The Trustees have
currently authorized the establishment and designation of up to eight classes of
shares for each series of the Trust (except for the Pelican Fund): Class I
Shares, Class II Shares, Class III Shares, Class IV Shares, Class V Shares,
Class VI Shares, Class VII Shares and Class VIII Shares.
The Trustees may also, without shareholder approval, establish one or
more additional separate portfolios for investments in the Trust or merge two or
more existing portfolios (i.e., a new fund). Shareholders' investments in such a
portfolio would be evidenced by a separate series of shares.
The Declaration of Trust provides for the perpetual existence of the
Trust. The Trust, however, may be terminated at any time by vote of at least
two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Trust. While the Declaration of
Trust further provides that the Trustees may also terminate the Trust upon
written notice to the shareholders, the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the
"1940 Act") requires that the Trust receive the authorization of a majority of
its outstanding shares in order to change the nature of its business so as to
cease to be an investment company.
Voting Rights
- -------------
As summarized in the Private Placement Memorandum, shareholders are
entitled to one vote for each full share held (with fractional votes for
fractional shares held) and will vote (to the extent provided herein) in the
election of Trustees and the termination of the Trust and on
-7-
<PAGE> 44
other matters submitted to the vote of shareholders. Shareholders vote by
individual Fund on all matters except (i) when required by the 1940 Act, shares
shall be voted in the aggregate and not by individual Fund, and (ii) when the
Trustees have determined that the matter affects only the interests of one or
more Funds, then only shareholders of such affected Funds shall be entitled to
vote thereon. Shareholders of one Fund shall not be entitled to vote on matters
exclusively affecting another Fund, such matters including, without limitation,
the adoption of or change in the investment objectives, policies or restrictions
of the other Fund and the approval of the investment advisory contracts of the
other Fund. Shareholders of a particular class of shares do not have separate
class voting rights except with respect to matters that affect only that class
of shares and as otherwise required by law.
There will normally be no meetings of shareholders for the purpose of
electing Trustees except that in accordance with the 1940 Act (i) the Trust will
hold a shareholders' meeting for the election of Trustees at such time as less
than a majority of the Trustees holding office have been elected by
shareholders, and (ii) if, as a result of a vacancy in the Board of Trustees,
less than two-thirds of the Trustees holding office have been elected by the
shareholders, that vacancy may only be filled by a vote of the shareholders. In
addition, Trustees may be removed from office by a written consent signed by the
holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares and filed with the Trust's
custodian or by a vote of the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares at
a meeting duly called for the purpose, which meeting shall be held upon the
written request of the holders of not less than 10% of the outstanding shares.
Upon written request by the holders of at least 1% of the outstanding shares
stating that such shareholders wish to communicate with the other shareholders
for the purpose of obtaining the signatures necessary to demand a meeting to
consider removal of a Trustee, the Trust has undertaken to provide a list of
shareholders or to disseminate appropriate materials (at the expense of the
requesting shareholders). Except as set forth above, the Trustees shall continue
to hold office and may appoint successor Trustees. Voting rights are not
cumulative.
No amendment may be made to the Declaration of Trust without the
affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Trust except (i)
to change the Trust's name or to cure technical problems in the Declaration of
Trust and (ii) to establish, designate or modify new and existing series or
sub-series of Trust shares or other provisions relating to Trust shares in
response to applicable laws or regulations.
Shareholder and Trustee Liability
- ---------------------------------
Under Massachusetts law, shareholders could, under certain
circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of the Trust.
However, the Declaration of Trust disclaims shareholder liability for acts or
obligations of the Trust and requires that notice of such disclaimer be given in
each agreement, obligation, or instrument entered into or executed by the Trust
or the Trustees. The Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification out of
all the property of the relevant Fund for all loss and expense of any
shareholder of that Fund held personally liable for the obligations of the
Trust. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring
-8-
<PAGE> 45
financial loss on account of shareholder liability is considered remote since it
is limited to circumstances in which the disclaimer is inoperative and the Fund
of which he is or was a shareholder would be unable to meet its obligations.
The Declaration of Trust further provides that the Trustees will not be
liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. However, nothing in
the Declaration of Trust protects a Trustee against any liability to which the
Trustee would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith,
gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of
his office. The By-laws of the Trust provide for indemnification by the Trust of
the Trustees and the officers of the Trust except with respect to any matter as
to which any such person did not act in good faith in the reasonable belief that
his action was in or not opposed to the best interests of the Trust. Such person
may not be indemnified against any liability to the Trust or the Trust
shareholders to which he would otherwise be subject by reason of willful
misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties
involved in the conduct of his office.
-9-
<PAGE> 46
GMO TRUST
PART C. OTHER INFORMATION
Note: This Part C relates solely to the GMO Emerging Country Debt Share Fund
(the "New Fund"). No information relating to any other series of GMO Trust is
amended or superseded hereby.
Item 24. Financial Statements and Exhibits
(a) Financial Statements: Not Applicable.
(b) Exhibits
1. Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust --
Exhibit 1.
2. Amended and Restated By-laws of the Trust1.
3. None.
4. Not Applicable.
5. Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of the
New Fund, and Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC ("GMO") --
Exhibit 5.
6. None.
7. None.
8. (a) Custodian Agreement (the "IBT Custodian Agreement") among
the Trust, on behalf of its GMO U.S. Core Fund (formerly
"GMO Core Fund"), GMO Currency Hedged International Bond
Fund (formerly "GMO SAF Core Fund"), GMO Value Fund
(formerly "GMO Value Allocation Fund"), GMO Growth Fund
(formerly "GMO Growth Allocation Fund"), and GMO Short- Term
Income Fund, GMO and Investors Bank & Trust Company
("IBT")1; and
(c) Form of Letter Agreement with respect to the IBT Custodian
Agreement among the Trust, on behalf of the New Fund, GMO
and IBT -- Exhibit 8.
9. (a) Transfer Agency Agreement among the Trust, on behalf of its
GMO U.S. Core Fund (formerly "GMO Core Fund"), GMO Currency
Hedged
<PAGE> 47
International Bond Fund, GMO Growth Fund (formerly "GMO
Growth Allocation Fund"), GMO Value Fund (formerly "GMO
Growth Allocation Fund"), GMO Short-Term Income Fund, GMO
International Core Fund and GMO Japan Fund, GMO and IBT1;
(b) Form of Letter Agreement to the Transfer Agency Agreement
among the Trust, on behalf of the New Fund, GMO and IBT --
Exhibit 9.1;
(c) Form of Notification of Fee Waiver and Expense Limitation by
GMO to the Trust relating to all Funds of the Trust --
Exhibit 9.2; and
(d) Form of Amended and Restated Servicing Agreement between the
Trust, on behalf of the Funds, and GMO -- Exhibit 9.3.
10. Opinion and Consent of Ropes & Gray -- See Item 10 of
Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 which is hereby incorporated by
reference.
11. Not Applicable.
12. None.
13. None.
14. Prototype Retirement Plans1.
15. None.
16. Not Applicable.
17. Not Applicable.
18. Form of Rule 18f-3 Multiclass Plan1.
Item 25. Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with Registrant
None.
Item 26. Number of Holders of Securities
Not Applicable.
Item 27. Indemnification
-2-
<PAGE> 48
See Item 27 of Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 which is hereby
incorporated by reference.
Item 28. Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser
See Item 28 of Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 which is hereby
incorporated by reference.
Item 29. Principal Underwriters
Not Applicable.
Item 30. Location of Accounts and Records
See Item 30 of Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 which is hereby
incorporated by reference.
Item 31. Management Services
Not Applicable.
Item 32. Undertakings
(a) See Item 33 of Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 which is hereby
incorporated by reference.
(b) Not Applicable.
(c) Registrant hereby undertakes to furnish each person to whom a
prospectus is delivered with a copy of the Registrant's latest
annual report to shareholders containing the information
required by Item 5A of Form N-1A omitted from the Prospectus,
upon request and without charge.
- ----------------
1 = Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and
incorporated herein by reference.
-3-
<PAGE> 49
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the
"1940 Act"), the Registrant has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 49
to the Trust's Registration Statement under the 1940 Act, to be signed on its
behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Boston and
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, on the 15 day of July, 1998.
GMO Trust
By: R. JEREMY GRANTHAM*
----------------------------
R. Jeremy Grantham
President - Quantitative;
Principal Executive Officer;
Title: Trustee
Pursuant to the 1940 Act, this Post-Effective Amendment No. 49 to the
Trust's Registration Statement under the 1940 Act has been signed below by the
following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Signatures Title Date
- ---------- ----- ----
<S> <C> <C>
R. JEREMY GRANTHAM* President - Quantitative; Principal July 15, 1998
- ------------------------- Executive Officer; Trustee
R. Jeremy Grantham
/S/ SUSAN RANDALL HARBERT Treasurer; Principal Financial and July 15, 1998
- ------------------------- Accounting Officer
Susan Randall Harbert
HARVEY R. MARGOLIS* Trustee July 15, 1998
- -------------------------
Harvey R. Margolis
JAY O. LIGHT* Trustee July 15, 1998
- -------------------------
Jay O. Light
* By: /S/ WILLIAM R. ROYER
---------------------------
William R. Royer
Attorney-in-Fact
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 50
POWER OF ATTORNEY
We, the undersigned officers and trustees of GMO Trust, a Massachusetts
business trust, hereby severally constitute and appoint William R. Royer our
true and lawful attorney, with full power to him to sign for us, and in our
names and in the capacities indicated below, any and all amendments to the
Registration Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the
purpose of registering shares of beneficial interest of GMO Trust, hereby
ratifying and confirming our signatures as they may be signed by our said
attorneys on said Registration Statement.
Witness our hands and common seal on the date set forth below.
(Seal)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Signature Title Date
- --------- ----- ----
<S> <C> <C>
/S/ R. Jeremy Grantham President-Domestic; March 12, 1996
- -------------------------- Principal Executive
R. Jeremy Grantham Officer; Trustee
/S/ Eyk H.A. Van Otterloo President-International March 12, 1996
- --------------------------
Eyk H.A. Van Otterloo
/S/ Harvey Margolis Trustee March 12, 1996
- --------------------------
Harvey Margolis
/S/ Kingsley Durant Treasurer; Principal March 12, 1996
- -------------------------- Financial and
Kingsley Durant Accounting Officer
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 51
POWER OF ATTORNEY
I, the undersigned trustee of GMO Trust, a Massachusetts business trust,
hereby constitute and appoint William R. Royer my true and lawful attorney, with
full power to him to sign for me, and in my names and in the capacity indicated
below, any and all amendments to the Registration Statement filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission for the purpose of registering shares of
beneficial interest of GMO Trust, hereby ratifying and confirming my signature
as it may be signed by my said attorney on said Registration Statement.
Witness my hand and common seal on the date set forth below.
(Seal)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Signature Title Date
- --------- ----- ----
<S> <C> <C>
/S/ JAY O. LIGHT Trustee May 23, 1996
- --------------------
Jay O. Light
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 52
EXHIBIT INDEX
-------------
GMO TRUST
Exhibit No. Title of Exhibit
----------- ----------------
1 Form of Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of
Trust.
5 Form of Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of
the New Fund, and GMO.
8 Form of Letter Agreement with respect to the IBT Custodian
Agreement among the Trust, on behalf of the New Fund, GMO
and IBT.
9.1 Form of Letter Agreement to the Transfer Agency Agreement
among the Trust, on behalf of the New Fund, GMO and IBT.
9.2 Form of Notification of Fee Waiver and Expense Limitation by
GMO to the Trust relating to all Funds of the Trust.
9.3 Form of Amended and Restated Servicing Agreement between the
Trust, on behalf of the Funds, and GMO.
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 1
AMENDED AND RESTATED
--------------------
AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST
----------------------------------
GMO TRUST
---------
THIS AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST made at
Boston, Massachusetts this ___ day of June, 1998 by the Trustees hereunder and
the holders of shares of beneficial interest issued hereunder and to be issued
hereunder as hereinafter provided:
WITNESSETH that
WHEREAS the Trustees desire to restate all prior Amendments to the
original Agreement and Declaration of Trust made to date and additionally desire
to amend and restate this Agreement and Declaration of Trust in connection with
the creation of Classes within each Series of the GMO Trust pursuant to the
power of the Trustees set forth in Article III, Section 5 of the original
Agreement and Declaration of Trust.
WHEREAS the Trustees have agreed to manage all property coming into
their hands as trustees of a Massachusetts business trust in accordance with the
provisions hereinafter set forth.
NOW, THEREFORE, the Trustees hereby direct that this Amended and
Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust be filed with the Secretary of The
Commonwealth of Massachusetts and with the City Clerk of the City of Boston and
do hereby declare that they will hold all cash, securities and other assets,
which they may from time to time acquire in any manner as Trustees hereunder IN
TRUST to manage and dispose of the same upon the following terms and conditions
for the pro rata benefit of the holders from time to time of Shares in this
Trust as hereinafter set forth.
ARTICLE I.
Name and Definitions
Section 1. This Trust shall be known as GMO Trust with its principal place of
business at 40 Rowes Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, and the Trustees shall
conduct the business of the Trust under that name or any other name as they may
from time to time determine.
<PAGE> 2
Section 2. Definitions. Whenever used herein, unless otherwise required by the
context or specifically provided:
(a) "Trust" refers to the Massachusetts business trust established by this
Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended from time to
time;
(b) "Trustees" refers to the Trustees of the Trust named in Article IV hereof or
elected in accordance with such Article;
(c) "Shares" means the equal proportionate units of interest into which the
beneficial interest in the Trust or in the Trust property belonging to any
Series of the Trust (or in the property belonging to any Series allocable to any
Class of that Series) (as the context may require) shall be divided from time to
time;
(d) "Shareholder" means a record owner of Shares;
(e) "1940 Act" refers to the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Rules and
Regulations thereunder, all as amended from time to time;
(f) The terms "Commission" and "principal underwriter" shall have the meanings
given to them in the 1940 Act;
(g) "Declaration of Trust" shall mean this Agreement and Declaration of Trust,
as amended or restated from time to time;
(h) "By-Laws" shall mean the By-Laws of the Trust as amended from time to time;
(i) "Series Company" refers to the form of registered open-end investment
company described in Section 18(f)(2) of the 1940 Act or in any successor
statutory provision;
(j) "Series" refers to Series of Shares established and designated under or in
accordance with the provisions of Article III; and
(k) "Class" refers to any Class of Shares established and designated under or in
accordance with the provisions of Article III. The Shares of any Class shall
represent a subset of Shares of a Series, and together with all other Classes of
the same Series, shall constitute all Shares of that Series.
ARTICLE II.
Purpose of Trust
The purpose of the Trust is to provide investors a managed investment
primarily in
-2-
<PAGE> 3
securities (including options), debt instruments, commodities, commodity
contracts and options thereon.
ARTICLE III.
Shares
Section 1. Division of Beneficial Interest. The beneficial interest in the Trust
shall at all times be divided into an unlimited number of transferable Shares,
without par value. Subject to the provisions of Section 6 of this Article III,
each Share shall have voting rights as provided in Article V hereof, and holders
of the Shares of any Series or Class shall be entitled to receive dividends,
when and as declared with respect thereto in the manner provided in Article VI,
Section 1 hereof. No Share shall have any priority or preference over any other
Share of the same Series and Class with respect to dividends or distributions
upon termination of the Trust or of such Series or Class made pursuant to
Article VIII, Section 4 hereof. All dividends and distributions shall be made
ratably among all Shareholders of a particular Series or Class from the assets
belonging to such Series (or, in the case of a Class, allocable to such Class)
according to the number of Shares of such Series or Class held of record by such
Shareholders on the record date for any dividend or on the date of termination,
as the case may be. Shareholders shall have no preemptive or other right to
subscribe to any additional Shares or other securities issued by the Trust. The
Trust may from time to time divide or combine the Shares of any particular
Series or Class into a greater or lesser number of Shares of that Series or
Class without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial interest of the
Shares of that Series or Class in the assets belonging to that Series (or, in
the case of a Class, allocable to such Class) in any way affecting the rights of
Shares of any other Series or Class.
Section 2. Ownership of Shares. The ownership of Shares shall be recorded on the
books of the Trust or a transfer or similar agent for the Trust, which books
shall be maintained separately for the Shares of each Series and Class. No
certificates certifying the ownership of Shares shall be issued except as the
Trustees may otherwise determine from time to time. The Trustees may make such
rules as they consider appropriate for the transfer of Shares of each Series and
Class and similar matters. The record books of the Trust as kept by the Trust or
any transfer or similar agent, as the case may be, shall be conclusive as to who
are the Shareholders of each Series and Class and as to the number of Shares of
each Series and Class held from time to time by each.
Section 3. Investments in the Trust. The Trustees shall accept investments in
the Trust from such persons and on such terms and for such consideration as they
from time to time authorize.
Section 4. Status of Shares and Limitation of Personal Liability. Shares shall
be deemed to be personal property giving only the rights provided in this
instrument. Every Shareholder by virtue of having become a Shareholder shall be
held to have expressly assented and agreed to
-3-
<PAGE> 4
the terms hereof and to have become a party hereto. The death of a Shareholder
during the continuance of the Trust shall not operate to terminate the same nor
entitle the representative of any deceased Shareholder to an accounting or to
take any action in court or elsewhere against the Trust or the Trustees, but
entitles such representative only to the rights of said deceased Shareholder
under this Trust. Ownership of Shares shall not entitle the Shareholder to any
title in or to the whole or any part of the Trust property or right to call for
a partition or division of the same or for an accounting, nor shall the
ownership of Shares constitute the Shareholders partners. Neither the Trust nor
the Trustees, nor any officer, employee or agent of the Trust shall have any
power to bind personally any Shareholders, nor except as specifically provided
herein to call upon any Shareholder for the payment of any sum of money or
assessment whatsoever other than such as the Shareholder may at any time
personally agree to pay.
Section 5. Power of Trustees to Change Provisions Relating to Shares.
Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Declaration of Trust and without
limiting the power of the Trustees to amend the Declaration of Trust as provided
elsewhere herein, the Trustees shall have the power to amend this Declaration of
Trust, at any time and from time to time, in such manner as the Trustees may
determine in their sole discretion, without the need for Shareholder action, so
as to add to, delete, replace or otherwise modify any provisions relating to the
Shares contained in this Declaration of Trust for the purpose of (i) responding
to or complying with any regulations, orders, rulings or interpretations of any
governmental agency or any laws, now or hereafter applicable to the Trust, or
(ii) designating and establishing Series and Classes in addition to the Series
and Classes established in Section 6 of this Article III; provided that before
adopting any such amendment without Shareholder approval the Trustees shall
determine that it is consistent with the fair and equitable treatment of all
Shareholders. The establishment and designation of any Series or Class of Shares
in addition to the Series and Classes established and designated in Section 6 of
this Article III shall be effective upon the execution by a majority of the then
Trustees of an amendment to this Declaration of Trust, taking the form of a
complete restatement or otherwise, setting forth such establishment and
designation and the relative rights and preferences of such Series or Class, as
the case may be, or as otherwise provided in such instrument.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Trustees may, for
the above-stated purposes, amend the Declaration of Trust to:
(a) create one or more Series or Classes of Shares (in addition to any Series or
Classes already existing or otherwise) with such rights and preferences and such
eligibility requirements for investment therein as the Trustees shall determine
and reclassify any or all outstanding Shares as shares of particular Series or
Classes in accordance with such eligibility requirements;
(b) amend any of the provisions set forth in paragraphs (a) through (j) of
Section 6 of this Article III;
-4-
<PAGE> 5
(c) combine one or more Series or Classes of Shares into a single Series or
Class on such terms and conditions as the Trustees shall determine;
(d) change or eliminate any eligibility requirements for investment in Shares of
any Series or Class, including without limitation the power to provide for the
issue of Shares of any Series or Class in connection with any merger or
consolidation of the Trust with another trust or company or any acquisition by
the Trust of part or all of the assets of another trust or company;
(e) change the designation of any Series or Class of Shares;
(f) change the method of allocating dividends among the various Series and
Classes of Shares;
(g) allocate any specific assets or liabilities of the Trust or any specific
items of income or expense of the Trust to one or more Series or Classes of
Shares; and
(h) specifically allocate assets to any or all Series or Classes of Shares or
create one or more additional Series or Classes of Shares which are preferred
over all other Series or Classes of Shares in respect of assets specifically
allocated thereto or any dividends paid by the Trust with respect to any net
income, however determined, earned from the investment and reinvestment of any
assets so allocated or otherwise and provide for any special voting or other
rights with respect to such Series or Classes.
Section 6. Establishment and Designation of Series. Without limiting the
authority of the Trustees set forth in Section 5, inter alia, to establish and
designate any further Series or Classes or to modify the rights and preferences
of any Series, each Series set forth on Schedule 3.6 hereto (as may be amended
from time to time by the Trustees) shall be, and are hereby, established and
designated. In addition, with respect to each such Series, the Class I Shares,
Class II Shares, Class III Shares, Class IV Shares, Class V Shares, Class VI
Shares, Class VII Shares and Class VIII Shares which each such Series may issue
from time to time, shall be, and are hereby, established and designated, which
Classes shall have the respective rights and preferences as are set forth in
Exhibit 3.6 attached hereto as it may be amended from time to time by the Board
of Trustees.
Shares of each Series (or Class, as the case may be) established in this Section
6 shall have the following relative rights and preferences:
(a) Assets belonging to Series. All consideration received by the Trust for the
issue or sale of Shares of a particular Series, together with all assets in
which such consideration is invested or reinvested, all income, earnings,
profits, and proceeds thereof from whatever source derived, including, without
limitation, any proceeds derived from the sale, exchange or liquidation of such
assets, and any funds or payments derived from any reinvestment of such
-5-
<PAGE> 6
proceeds in whatever form the same may be, shall irrevocably belong to that
Series for all purposes, subject only to the rights of creditors, and shall be
so recorded upon the books of account of the Trust. Such consideration, assets,
income, earnings, profits and proceeds thereof, from whatever source derived,
including, without limitation, any proceeds derived from the sale, exchange or
liquidation of such assets, and any funds or payments derived from any
reinvestment of such proceeds, in whatever form the same may be, are herein
referred to as "assets belonging to" that Series. In the event that there are
any assets, income, earnings, profits and proceeds thereof, funds or payments
which are not readily identifiable as belonging to any particular Series
(collectively "General Assets"), the Trustees shall allocate such General Assets
to, between or among any one or more of the Series established and designated
from time to time in such manner and on such basis as they, in their sole
discretion, deem fair and equitable, and any General Asset so allocated to a
particular Series shall belong to that Series. Each such allocation by the
Trustees shall be conclusive and binding upon the Shareholders of all Series for
all purposes.
(b) Liabilities Belonging to Series. The assets belonging to each particular
Series shall be charged solely with the liabilities of the Trust in respect to
that Series, expenses, costs, charges and reserves attributable to that Series,
and any general liabilities of the Trust which are not readily identifiable as
belonging to any particular Series but which are allocated and charged by the
Trustees to and among any one or more of the Series established and designated
from time to time in a manner and on such basis as the Trustees in their sole
discretion deem fair and equitable. The liabilities, expenses, costs, charges,
and reserves so charged to a Series are herein referred to as "liabilities
belonging to" that Series. Each allocation of liabilities, expenses, costs,
charges and reserves by the Trustees shall be conclusive and binding upon the
holders of all Series for all purposes.
(c) Dividends, Distributions, Redemptions, and Repurchases. Notwithstanding any
other provisions of this Declaration, including, without limitation, Article VI,
no dividend or distribution (including, without limitation, any distribution
paid upon termination of the Trust or of any Series or Class) with respect to,
nor any redemption or repurchase of, the Shares of any Series shall be effected
by the Trust other than from the assets belonging to such Series, nor shall any
Shareholder of any particular Series otherwise have any right or claim against
the assets belonging to any other Series except to the extent that such
Shareholder has such a right or claim hereunder as a Shareholder of such other
Series.
(d) Voting. Notwithstanding any of the other provisions of this Declaration,
including, without limitation, Section 1 of Article V, the Shareholders of any
particular Series or Class shall not be entitled to vote on any matters as to
which such Series or Class is not affected except as otherwise required by the
1940 Act or other applicable law. On any matter submitted to a vote of
Shareholders, all Shares of the Trust then entitled to vote shall be voted by
individual Series, unless otherwise required by the 1940 Act or other applicable
law.
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(e) Equality. All the Shares of each particular Class of a Series shall
represent an equal proportionate interest in the assets allocable to that Class,
and each Share of any particular Series shall be equal to each other Share of
that Series (subject to the liabilities allocated to each Class of that Series).
(f) Fractions. Any fractional Share of a Series or Class shall carry
proportionately all the rights and obligations of a whole share of that Series
or Class, including rights with respect to voting, receipt of dividends and
distributions, redemption of Shares and termination of the Trust.
(g) Exchange Privilege. The Trustees shall have the authority to provide that
the holders of Shares of any Series or Class shall have the right to exchange
said Shares for Shares of one or more other Series or Class of Shares in
accordance with such requirements and procedures as may be established by the
Trustees.
(h) Combination of Series or Classes. The Trustees shall have the authority,
without the approval of the Shareholders of any Series or Class unless otherwise
required by applicable law, to combine the assets and liabilities belonging to
any two or more Series (or the assets allocable to any two or more Classes) into
assets and liabilities belonging (or allocable) to a single Series (or Class).
(i) Elimination of Series or Classes. At any time that there are no Shares
outstanding of any particular Series or Class previously established and
designated, the Trustees may amend this Declaration of Trust to abolish that
Series or Class and to rescind the establishment and designation thereof, such
amendment to be effected in the manner provided in Section 5 of this Article
III.
(j) Assets and Liabilities Allocable to a Class. The assets and liabilities
belonging to a Series shall be proportionately allocated among all the Classes
of that Series according to the percentage of net assets allocated to each
particular Class. For purposes of determining the assets and liabilities
belonging to a Series that are allocable to a Class of that Series, subject to
the provisions of paragraph (g) of Section 5 of this Article III, expenses shall
be accrued as set forth in Exhibit 3.6 attached hereto.
Section 7. Indemnification of Shareholders. In case any Shareholder or former
Shareholder shall be held to be personally liable solely by reason of his or her
being or having been a Shareholder of the Trust or of a particular Series and
not because of his or her acts or omissions or for some other reason, the
Shareholder or former Shareholder (or his or her heirs, executors,
administrators or other legal representatives or in the case of a corporation or
other entity, its corporate or other general successor) shall be entitled out of
the assets of the Series of which he is a Shareholder or former Shareholder to
be held harmless from and indemnified against all loss and expense arising from
such liability.
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Section 8. No Preemptive Rights. Shareholders shall have no preemptive or other
right to subscribe to any additional Shares or other securities issued by the
Trust.
ARTICLE IV.
The Trustees
Section 1. Election and Tenure. The Trustees may fix the number of vacancies
arising from an increase in the number of Trustees, or remove Trustees with or
without cause. Each Trustee shall serve during the continued lifetime of the
Trust until he dies, resigns or is removed, or if sooner, until the next meeting
of Shareholders called for the purpose of electing Trustees and until the
election and qualification of his successor. Any Trustee may resign at any time
by written instrument signed by him and delivered to any officer of the Trust or
to a meeting of the Trustees. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt
unless specified to be effective at some other time. Except to the extent
expressly provided in a written agreement with the Trust, no Trustee resigning
and no Trustee removed shall have any right to any compensation for any period
following his resignation or removal, or any right to damages on account of such
removal. The Shareholders may fix the number of Trustees and elect Trustees at
any meeting of Shareholders called by the Trustees for that purpose.
Section 2. Effect of Death, Resignation, etc. of a Trustee. The death,
declination, resignation, retirement, removal, or incapacity of the Trustees, or
any of them, shall not operate to annul the Trust or to revoke any existing
agency created pursuant to the terms of this Declaration of Trust.
Section 3. Powers. Subject to the provisions of this Declaration of Trust, the
business of the Trust shall be managed by the Trustees, and they shall have all
powers necessary or convenient to carry out that responsibility including the
power to engage in securities transactions of all kinds on behalf of the Trust.
Without limiting the foregoing, the Trustees may adopt By-Laws not inconsistent
with this Declaration of Trust providing for the regulation and management of
the affairs of the Trust and may amend and repeal them to the extent that such
By-Laws do not reserve that right to the Shareholders; they may fill vacancies
in or remove from their number (including any vacancies created by an increase
in the number of Trustees); they may remove from their number with or without
cause; they may elect and remove such officers and appoint and terminate such
agents as they consider appropriate; they may appoint from their own number and
terminate one or more committees consisting of two or more Trustees which may
exercise the powers and authority of the Trustees to the extent that the
Trustees determine; they may employ one or more custodians of the assets of the
Trust and may authorize such custodians to employ subcustodians and to deposit
all or any part of such assets in a system or systems for the central handling
of securities or with a Federal Reserve Bank, retain a transfer agent or a
shareholder servicing agent, or both, provide for the distribution of Shares by
the Trust, through one or more principal underwriters or otherwise,
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set record dates for the determination of Shareholders with respect to various
matters, and in general delegate such authority as they consider desirable to
any officer of the Trust, to any committee of the Trustees and to any agent or
employee of the Trust or to any such custodian or underwriter.
Without limiting the foregoing, the Trustees shall have power
and authority:
(a) To invest and reinvest cash, and to hold cash uninvested;
(b) To sell, exchange, lend, pledge, mortgage, hypothecate, lease, or write
options with respect to or otherwise deal in any property rights relating to any
or all of the assets of the Trust;
(c) To vote or give assent, or exercise any rights of ownership, with respect to
stock or other securities or property; and to execute and deliver proxies or
powers of attorney to such person or persons as the Trustees shall deem proper,
granting to such person or persons such power and discretion with relation to
securities or property as the Trustees shall deem proper;
(d) To exercise power and rights of subscription or otherwise which in any
manner arise out of ownership of securities;
(e) To hold any security or property in a form not indicating any trust, whether
in bearer, unregistered or other negotiable form, or in its own name or in the
name of a custodian or subcustodian or a nominee or nominees or otherwise;
(f) To consent to or participate in any plan for the reorganization,
consolidation or merger of any corporation or issuer of any security which is
held in the Trust; to consent to any contract, lease, mortgage, purchase or sale
of property by such corporation or issuer; and to pay calls or subscriptions
with respect to any security held in the Trust;
(g) To join with other security holders in acting through a committee,
depositary, voting trustee or otherwise, and in that connection to deposit any
security with, or transfer any security to, any such committee, depositary or
trustee, and to delegate to them such power and authority with relation to any
security (whether or not so deposited or transferred) as the Trustees shall deem
proper and to agree to pay, and to pay, such portion of the expenses and
compensation of such committee, depositary or trustee as the Trustees shall deem
proper;
(h) To compromise, arbitrate or otherwise adjust claims in favor of or against
the Trust or any matter in controversy, including but not limited to claims for
taxes;
(i) To enter into joint ventures, general or limited partnerships and any other
combinations or associations;
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(j) To borrow funds or other property;
(k) To endorse or guarantee the payment of any notes or other obligations of any
person; to make contracts of guaranty or suretyship, or otherwise assume
liability for payment thereof;
(l) To purchase and pay for entirely out of Trust property such insurance as
they may deem necessary or appropriate for the conduct of the business,
including without limitation, insurance policies insuring the assets of the
Trust and payment of distributions and principal on its portfolio investments,
and insurance policies insuring the Shareholders, Trustees, officers, employees,
agents, investment advisers, principal underwriters, or independent contractors
of the Trust individually against all claims and liabilities of every nature
arising by reason of holding being or having held any such office or position,
or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or omitted by any such
person as Trustee, officer, employee, agent, investment adviser, principal
underwriter, or independent contractor, including any action taken or omitted
that may be determined to constitute negligence, whether or not the Trust would
have the power to indemnify such person against liability; and
(m) To pay pensions as deemed appropriate by the Trustees and to adopt,
establish and carry out pension, profit-sharing, share bonus, share purchase,
savings, thrift and other retirement, incentive and benefit plans, trusts and
provisions, including the purchasing of life insurance and annuity contracts as
a means of providing such retirement and other benefits, for any or all of the
Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust.
The Trustees shall not in any way be bound or limited by any present or
future law or custom in regard to investments by Trustees. The Trustees shall
not be required to obtain any court order to deal with any assets of the Trust
or take any other action hereunder.
Section 4. Payment of Expenses by the Trust. The Trustees are authorized to pay
or cause to be paid out of the principal or income of the Trust, or partly out
of principal and partly out of income, as they deem fair, all expenses, fees,
charges, taxes and liabilities incurred or arising in connection with the Trust,
or in connection with the management thereof, including but not limited to, the
Trustees' compensation and such expenses and charges for the services of the
Trust's officers, employees, investment adviser or manager, principal
underwriter, auditor, counsel, custodian, transfer agent, shareholder servicing
agent, and such other agents or independent contractors and such other expenses
and charges as the Trustees may deem necessary or proper to incur.
Section 5. Payment of Expenses by Shareholders. The Trustees shall have the
power, as frequently as they may determine, to cause each Shareholder, or each
Shareholder of any particular Series or Class, to pay directly, in advance or
arrears, for charges of the Trust's custodian or transfer, shareholder servicing
or similar agent, an amount fixed from time to time by the Trustees, by setting
off such charges due from such Shareholder from declared but unpaid dividends
owed such Shareholder and/or by reducing the number of Shares in the
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account of such Shareholder by that number of full and/or fractional Shares
which represents the outstanding amount of such charges due from such
Shareholder.
Section 6. Ownership of Assets of the Trust. Title to all of the assets of the
Trust shall at all times be considered as vested in the Trustees.
Section 7. Advisory, Management and Distribution Contracts. Subject to such
requirements and restrictions as may be set forth in the By-Laws, the Trustees
may, at any time and from time to time, contract for exclusive or nonexclusive
advisory and/or management services for the Trust or for any Series with
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (including any limited liability company,
provided that a majority of the beneficial owners of Grantham, Mayo, Van
Otterloo & Co. LLC hold a majority of the equity interest in such entity and
substantially all business of Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC is assigned
thereto) or any other partnership, corporation, trust, association or other
organization (the "Manager"); and any such contract may contain such other terms
as the Trustees may determine, including, without limitation, authority for a
Manager to determine from time to time without prior consultation with the
Trustees what investments shall be purchased, held, sold or exchanged and what
portion, if any, of the assets of the Trust shall be held uninvested and to make
changes in the Trust's investments. The Trustees may also, at any time and from
time to time, contract with the Manager or any other partnership, corporation,
trust, association or other organization, appointing it exclusive or
nonexclusive distributor or principal underwriter for the Shares, every such
contract to comply with such requirements and restrictions as may be set forth
in the By-Laws; and any such contract may contain such other terms as the
Trustees may determine.
The fact that:
(i) any of the Shareholders, Trustees or officers of the Trust is a
shareholder, director, officer, partner, trustee, employee, manager, adviser,
principal underwriter, distributor or affiliate or agent of or for any
partnership, corporation, trust, association, or other organization, or of or
for any parent or affiliate of any organization, with which an advisory or
management contract, or principal underwriter's or distributor's contract, or
transfer, shareholder servicing or other agency contract may have been or may
hereafter be made, or that any such organization, or any parent or affiliate
thereof, is a Shareholder or has an interest in the Trust, or that
(ii) any corporation, trust, association or other organization with
which an advisory or management contract or principal underwriter's or
distributor's contract, or transfer, shareholder servicing or other agency
contract may have been or may hereafter be made also has an advisory or
management contract, or principal underwriter's or distributor's contract, or
transfer, shareholder servicing or other agency contract with one or more other
corporations, trusts, associations, or other organizations, or has other
business or interests,
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shall not affect the validity of any such contract or disqualify any
Shareholder, Trustee or officer of the Trust from voting upon or executing the
same or create any liability or accountability to the Trust or its Shareholders.
ARTICLE V.
Shareholders' Voting Powers and Meetings
Section 1. Voting Powers. The Shareholders shall have power to vote only (i) for
the election of Trustees as provided in Article IV, Section 1, (ii) with respect
to any amendment of this Declaration of Trust to the extent and as provided in
Article VIII, Section 8, (iii) to the same extent as the stockholders of a
Massachusetts business corporation as to whether or not a court action,
proceeding or claim should or should not be brought or maintained derivatively
or as a class action on behalf of the Trust or the Shareholders, (iv) with
respect to the termination of the Trust or any Series or Class to the extent and
as provided in Article VIII, Section 4, and (v) with respect to such additional
matters relating to the Trust as may be required by this Declaration of Trust,
the By-Laws or any registration of the Trust with the Commission (or any
successor agency) or any state, or as the Trustees may consider necessary or
desirable. Each whole Share shall be entitled to one vote as to any matter on
which it is entitled to vote and each fractional Share shall be entitled to a
proportionate fractional vote. There shall be no cumulative voting in the
election of Trustees. Shares may be voted in person or by proxy. A proxy with
respect to Shares held in the name of two or more persons shall be valid if
executed by any one of them unless at or prior to exercise of the proxy the
Trust receives a specific written notice to the contrary from any one of them. A
proxy purporting to be executed by or on behalf of a Shareholder shall be deemed
valid unless challenged at or prior to its exercise and the burden of proving
invalidity shall rest on the challenger. At any time when no Shares of a Series
or Class are outstanding the Trustees may exercise all rights of Shareholders of
that Series or Class with respect to matters affecting that Series or Class and
may with respect to that Series or Class take any action required by law, this
Declaration of Trust or the By-Laws to be taken by the Shareholders.
Section 2. Voting Power and Meetings. Meetings of the Shareholders may be called
by the Trustees for the purpose of electing Trustees as provided in Article IV,
Section 1 and for such other purposes as may be prescribed by law, by this
Declaration of Trust or by the By-Laws. Meetings of the Shareholders may also be
called by the Trustees from time to time for the purpose of taking action upon
any other matter deemed by the Trustees to be necessary or desirable. A meeting
of Shareholders may be held at any place designated by the Trustees. Written
notice of any meeting of Shareholders shall be given or caused to be given by
the Trustees by mailing such notice at least seven days before such meeting,
postage prepaid, stating the time and place of the meeting, to each Shareholder
at the Shareholder's address as it appears on the records of the Trust. Whenever
notice of a meeting is required to be given to a Shareholder under this
Declaration of Trust or the By-Laws, a written waiver thereof, executed
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before or after the meeting by such Shareholder or his attorney thereunto
authorized and filed with the records of the meeting, shall be deemed equivalent
to such notice.
Section 3. Quorum and Required Vote. Except when a larger quorum is required by
law, by the By-Laws or by this Declaration of Trust, 40% of the Shares entitled
to vote shall constitute a quorum at a Shareholders' meeting. When any one
Series or Class is to vote separately from any other Shares which are to vote on
the same matters as a separate Series or Class, 40% of the Shares of each such
Series or Class entitled to vote shall constitute a quorum at a Shareholder's
meeting of that Series or Class. Any meeting of Shareholders may be adjourned
from time to time by a majority of the votes property cast upon the question,
whether or not a quorum is present, and the meeting may be held as adjourned
within a reasonable time after the date set for the original meeting without
further notice. When a quorum is present at any meeting, a majority of the
Shares voted shall decide any questions and a plurality shall elect a Trustee,
except when a larger vote is required by any provision of this Declaration of
Trust or the By-Laws or by law. If any question on which the Shareholders are
entitled to vote would adversely affect the rights of any Series or Class of
Shares, the vote of a majority (or such larger vote as is required as aforesaid)
of the Shares of such Series or Class which are entitled to vote, voting
separately, shall also be required to decide such question.
Section 4. Action by Written Consent. Any action taken by Shareholders may be
taken without a meeting if Shareholders holding a majority of the Shares
entitled to vote on the matter (or such larger proportion thereof as shall be
required by any express provision of this Declaration of Trust or by the
By-Laws) and holding a majority (or such larger proportion as aforesaid) of the
Shares of any Series or Class entitled to vote separately on the matter consent
to the action in writing and such written consents are filed with the records of
the meetings of Shareholders. Such consent shall be treated for all purposes as
a vote taken at a meeting of Shareholders.
Section 5. Record Dates. For the purpose of determining the Shareholders of any
Series or Class who are entitled to vote or act at any meeting or any
adjournment thereof, the Trustees may from time to time fix a time, which shall
be not more than 60 days before the date of any meeting of Shareholders, as the
record date for determining the Shareholders of such Series or Class having the
right to notice of and to vote at such meeting and any adjournment thereof, and
in such case only Shareholders of record on such record date shall have such
right, notwithstanding any transfer of shares on the books of the Trust after
the record date. For the purpose of determining the Shareholders of any Series
or Class who are entitled to receive payment of any dividend or of any other
distribution, the Trustees may from time to time fix a date, which shall be
before the date for the payment of such dividend or such other payment, as the
record date for determining the Shareholders of such Series or Class having the
right to receive such dividend or distribution. Without fixing a record date the
Trustees may for voting and/or distribution purposes close the register or
transfer books for one or more Series or Class for all or any part of the period
between a record date and a meeting of shareholders or
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the payment of a distribution. Nothing in this section shall be construed as
precluding the Trustees from setting different record dates for different Series
or Classes.
Section 6. Additional Provisions. The By-Laws may include further provisions for
Shareholders' votes and meetings and related matters.
ARTICLE VI.
Net Income, Distributions, and Redemptions and Repurchases
Section 1. Distributions of Net Income. The Trustees shall each year, or more
frequently if they so determine in their sole discretion, distribute to the
Shareholders of each Series or Class, in shares of that Series or Class, cash or
otherwise, an amount approximately equal to the net income attributable to the
assets belonging to such Series (or the assets allocable to such Class) and may
from time to time distribute to the Shareholders of each Series or Class, in
shares of that Series, cash or otherwise, such additional amounts, but only from
the assets belonging to such Series (or allocable to that Class), as they may
authorize. All dividends and distributions on Shares of a particular Series or
Class shall be distributed pro rata to the holders of that Series or Class in
proportion to the number of Shares of that Series or Class held by such holders
and recorded on the books of the Trust at the date and time of record
established for that payment or such dividend or distributions.
The manner of determining net income, income, asset values, capital gains,
expenses, liabilities and reserves of any Series or Class may from time to time
be altered as necessary or desirable in the judgment of the Trustees to conform
such manner of determination to any other method prescribed or permitted by
applicable law. Net income shall be determined by the Trustees or by such person
as they may authorize at the times and in the manner provided in the By-Laws.
Determinations of net income of any Series or Class and determination of income,
asset value, capital gains, expenses, and liabilities made by the Trustees, or
by such person as they may authorize, in good faith, shall be binding on all
parties concerned. The foregoing sentence shall not be construed to protect any
Trustee, officer or agent of the Trust against any liability to the Trust or its
security holders to which he would otherwise be subject by reason of willful
misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties
involved in the conduct of his office.
If, for any reason, the net income of any Series or Class determined at any time
is a negative amount, the pro rata share of such negative amount allocable to
each Shareholder of such Series or Class shall constitute a liability of such
Shareholder to that Series or Class which shall be paid out of such
Shareholder's account at such times and in such manner as the Trustees may from
time to time determine (x) out of the accrued dividend account of such
Shareholder, (y) by reducing the number of Shares of that Series or Class in the
account of such Shareholder, or (z) otherwise.
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Section 2. Redemptions and Repurchases. The Trust shall purchase such Shares as
are offered by any Shareholder for redemption, upon the presentation of a proper
instrument of transfer together with a request directed to the Trust or a person
designated by the Trust that the Trust purchase such Shares or in accordance
with such other procedures for redemption as the Trustees may from time to time
authorize; and the Trust will pay therefor the net asset value thereof, as
determined in accordance with the By-Laws, next determined. Payment for said
Shares shall be made by the Trust to the Shareholder within seven days after the
date on which the request is made. The obligation set forth in this Section 2 is
subject to the provision that in the event that any time the New York Stock
Exchange is closed for other than weekends or holidays, or if permitted by the
rules of the Commission during periods when trading on the Exchange is
restricted or during any emergency which makes it impracticable for the Trust to
dispose of the investments of the applicable Series or to determine fairly the
value of the net assets belonging to such Series (or net assets allocable to
such Class) or during any other period permitted by order of the Commission for
the protection of investors, such obligations may be suspended or postponed by
the Trustees. The Trust may also purchase or repurchase Shares at a price not
exceeding the net asset value of such Shares in effect when the purchase or
repurchase or any contract to purchase or repurchase is made.
The redemption price may in any case or cases be paid wholly or partly
in kind if the Trustees determine that such payment is advisable in the interest
of the remaining Shareholders of the Series or Class the Shares of which are
being redeemed. In making any such payment wholly or partly in kind, the Trust
shall, so far as may be practicable, deliver assets which approximate the
diversification of all of the assets belonging at the time to the Series (or
allocable to the Class) the Shares of which are being redeemed. Subject to the
foregoing, the fair value, selection and quantity of securities or other
property so paid or delivered as all or part of the redemption price may be
determined by or under authority of the Trustees. In no case shall the Trust be
liable for any delay of any corporation or other person in transferring
securities selected for delivery as all or part of any payment in kind.
Section 3. Redemptions at the Option of the Trust. The Trust shall have the
right at its option and at any time to redeem Shares of any Shareholder at the
net asset value thereof as described in Section 1 of this Article VI: (i) if at
such time such Shareholder owns Shares of any Series or Class having an
aggregate net asset value of less than an amount determined from time to time by
the Trustees; or (ii) to the extent that such Shareholder owns Shares equal to
or in excess of a percentage determined from time to time by the Trustees of the
outstanding Shares of the Trust or of any Series or Class.
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ARTICLE VII.
Compensation and Limitation of Liability of Trustees
Section 1. Compensation. The Trustees as such shall be entitled to reasonable
compensation from the Trust; they may fix the amount of their compensation.
Nothing herein shall in any way prevent the employment of any Trustee for
advisory, management, legal, accounting, investment banking or other services
and payment for the same by the Trust.
Section 2. Limitation of Liability. The Trustees shall not be responsible or
liable in any event for any neglect or wrong-doing of any officer, agent,
employee, Manager or principal underwriter of the Trust, nor shall any Trustee
be responsible for the act or omission of any other Trustee, but nothing herein
contained shall protect any Trustee against any liability to which he would
otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross
negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his
office.
Every note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking and every
other act or thing whatsoever issued, executed or done by or on behalf of the
Trust or the Trustees or any of them in connection with the Trust shall be
conclusively deemed to have been issued, executed or done only in or with
respect to their or his capacity as Trustees or Trustee, and such Trustees or
Trustee shall not be personally liable thereon.
ARTICLE VIII.
Miscellaneous
Section 1. Trustees, Shareholders, etc. Not Personally Liable; Notice. All
persons extending credit to, contracting with or having any claim against the
Trust or any Series or Class shall look only to the assets of the Trust, or, to
the extent that the liability of the Trust may have been expressly limited by
contract to the assets of a particular Series (or the assets allocable to a
particular Class), only to the assets belonging to the relevant Series (or
allocable to the relevant Class), for payment under such credit, contract or
claim; and neither the Shareholders nor the Trustees, nor any of the Trust's
officers, employees or agents, whether past, present or future, shall be
personally liable therefor. Nothing in this Declaration of Trust shall protect
any Trustee against any liability to which such Trustee would otherwise be
subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or
reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the office of
Trustee.
Every note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking made
or issued on behalf of the Trust by the Trustees, by any officers or officer or
otherwise shall give notice that this Declaration of Trust is on file with the
Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts and shall recite that the same
was executed or made by or on behalf of the Trust or by them as Trustee or
Trustees or as officers or officer or otherwise and not individually
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and that the obligations of such instrument are not binding upon any of them or
the shareholders individually but are binding only upon the assets and property
of the Trust or upon the assets belonging to the Series (or allocable to the
Class) for the benefit of which the Trustees have caused the note, bond,
contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking to be made, or issued, and may
contain such further recital as he or they may deem appropriate, but the
omission of any such recital shall not operate to bind any Trustee or Trustees
or officers or officer or Shareholders or any other person individually.
Section 2. Trustee's Good Faith Action, Expert Advice, No Bond or Surety. The
exercise by the Trustees of their powers and discretions hereunder shall be
binding upon everyone interested. A Trustee shall be liable for his own willful
misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties
involved in the conduct of the office of Trustee, and for nothing else, and
shall not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. The
Trustees may take advice of counsel or other experts with respect to the meaning
and operation of this Declaration of Trust, and shall be under no liability for
any act or omission in accordance with such advice or for failing to follow such
advice. The Trustees shall not be required to give any bond as such, nor any
surety if a bond is required.
Section 3. Liability of Third Persons Dealing with Trustees. No person dealing
with the Trustees shall be bound to make any inquiry concerning the validity of
any transaction made or to be made by the Trustees or to see to the application
of any payments made or property transferred to the Trust or upon its order.
Section 4. Termination of Trust or Series or Class. Unless terminated as
provided herein, the Trust shall continue without limitation of time. The Trust
may be terminated at any time by vote of at least 66-2/3% of the Shares of each
Series entitled to vote and voting separately by Series or by the Trustees by
written notice to the Shareholders. Any Series may be terminated at any time by
vote of at least 66-2/3% of the Shares of that Series or by the Trustees by
written notice to the Shareholders of that Series. Any Class may be separately
terminated at any time by vote of at least a majority of the Shares of that
Class present and voting on the question (a quorum being present) or by the
Trustees by written notice to the Shareholders of that Class.
Upon termination of the Trust (or any Series or Class, as the case may
be), after paying or otherwise providing for all charges, taxes, expenses and
liabilities belonging, severally, to each Series or allocable to each Class (or
the applicable Series or Classes, as the case may be), whether due or accrued or
anticipated as may be determined by the Trustees, the Trust shall in accordance
with such procedures as the Trustees consider appropriate reduce the remaining
assets belonging, severally, to each Series or allocable to each Class (or the
applicable Series or Classes, as the case may be), to distributable form in cash
or shares or other securities, or any combination thereof, and distribute the
proceeds belonging to each Series or allocable to each Class (or the applicable
Series or Classes, as the case may be), to the Shareholders of that
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<PAGE> 18
Series or Class, as a Series or Class, ratably according to the number of Shares
of that Series or Class held by the several Shareholders on the date of
termination.
Section 5. Merger and Consolidation. The Trustees may cause the Trust to be
merged into or consolidated with another trust or company or its shares
exchanged under or pursuant to any state or federal statute, if any, or
otherwise to the extent permitted by law, if such merger or consolidation or
share exchange has been authorized by vote of a majority of the outstanding
Shares; provided that in all respects not governed by statute or applicable law,
the Trustees shall have power to prescribe the procedure necessary or
appropriate to accomplish a sale of assets, merger or consolidation.
Section 6. Filing of Copies, References, Headings. The original or a copy of
this instrument and of each amendment hereto shall be kept at the office of the
Trust where it may be inspected by any Shareholder. A copy of this instrument
and of each amendment hereto shall be filed by the Trust with the Secretary of
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts and with any other governmental office where
such filing may from time to time be required. Anyone dealing with the Trust may
rely on a certificate by an officer of the Trust as to whether or not any such
amendments have been made and as to any matters in connection with the Trust
hereunder; and, with the same effect as if it were the original, may rely on a
copy certified by an officer of the Trust to be a copy of this instrument or of
any such amendments. In this instrument and in any such amendment, references to
this instrument, and all expressions like "herein", "hereof" and "hereunder",
shall be deemed to refer to this instrument as amended or affected by any such
amendments. Headings are placed herein for convenience of reference only and
shall not be taken as a part hereof or control or affect the meaning,
construction or effect of this instrument. This instrument may be executed in
any number of counterparts each of which shall be deemed an original.
Section 7. Applicable Law. This Declaration of Trust is made in The Commonwealth
of Massachusetts, and it is created under and is to be governed by and construed
and administered according to the laws of said Commonwealth. The Trust shall be
of the type commonly called a Massachusetts business trust, and without limiting
the provisions hereof, the Trust may exercise all powers which are ordinarily
exercised by such a trust.
Section 8. Amendments. This Declaration of Trust may be amended at any time by
an instrument in writing signed by a majority of the then Trustees when
authorized so to do by vote of a majority of the Shares entitled to vote, except
that amendments described in Article III, Section 5 hereof or having the purpose
of changing the name of the Trust or of supplying any omission, curing any
ambiguity or curing, correcting or supplementing any defective or inconsistent
provision contained herein shall not require authorization by Shareholder vote.
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<PAGE> 19
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Trustees as aforesaid do hereto set their hands
this ____ day of June, 1998.
--------------------------
R. Jeremy Grantham
40 Rowes Wharf
Boston, MA 02110
--------------------------
Jay O. Light
30 Wellesley Road
Belmont, MA 02178
--------------------------
Harvey R. Margolis
50 Pinckney Street
Boston, MA 02114
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<PAGE> 20
Exhibit 3.6 to Decl. of Trust
GMO TRUST
Plan pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the
Investment Company Act of 1940
------------------------------
Effective June 1, 1996
As Amended May ___, 1998
This Plan (the "Plan") is adopted by GMO Trust (the "Trust") pursuant
to Rule 18f-3 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "Act") and sets
forth the general characteristics of, and the general conditions under which the
Trust may offer, multiple classes of shares of its now existing and hereafter
created portfolios ("Funds"). This Plan may be revised or amended from time to
time as provided below.
CLASS DESIGNATIONS
Each Fund of the Trust may from time to time issue one or more of the
following classes of shares: Class I Shares, Class II Shares, Class III Shares,
Class IV Shares, Class V Shares, Class VI Shares, Class VII Shares and Class
VIII Shares. Each of the classes of shares of any Fund will represent interests
in the same portfolio of investments and, except as described herein, shall have
the same rights and obligations as each other class. Each class shall be subject
to such investment minimums and other conditions of eligibility as are set forth
in the Trust's prospectus or statement of additional information as from time to
time in effect (the "Prospectus").
CLASS ELIGIBILITY
Class eligibility is generally dependent on the size of the client's
total account under the management of Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC,
the Trust's investment adviser (referred to herein as "GMO" or the "Adviser"),
as described from time to time in the Prospectus.
Class I, Class II and Class III Shares:
- ---------------------------------------
With certain exceptions described below, eligibility for Class I, Class II and
Class III Shares depends on a client's "TOTAL INVESTMENT" with GMO.
For clients establishing a relationship with GMO on or after June 1,
1996: A client's Total Investment will be determined by GMO as of December 31 of
each year and on such other dates as may be determined by GMO (each a
"Determination Date"). Subject to as provided below, a client's Total Investment
as of any Determination Date will equal the greater
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<PAGE> 21
of (a) the market value of assets managed by GMO and its affiliates for the
client (whether in a pooled vehicle or otherwise) as of such Determination Date,
and (b) the client's Total Investment as of the previous Determination Date
(less the market value of any account managed by GMO's Domestic Active Division
as of the previous Determination Date), plus contributions made to, and less
Large Withdrawals (defined below) from, any GMO-managed product or account
(other than any account managed by GMO's Domestic Active Division) since the
previous Determination Date (plus the market value of any account managed by
GMO's Domestic Active Division as of the then current Determination Date). For
these purposes, "Large Withdrawals" means the total of all withdrawals made from
any GMO- managed product or account (other than any account managed by GMO's
Domestic Active Division) since the previous Determination Date if such total
exceeds 7% of the sum of the client's Total Investment as of the previous
Determination Date and any contributions to any GMO-managed product or account
(other than any account managed by GMO's Domestic Active Division) made since
the previous Determination Date. For clients that have accounts with GMO as of
November 30, 1997, their Initial Total Investment is the greater of the market
value of assets managed by GMO and its affiliates for the client as of the close
of business on November 30, 1997 or on December 31, 1997. For clients
establishing a relationship with GMO on or after December 1, 1997, their Total
Investment will be determined as described above. Assets invested in the Pelican
Fund will not be considered when determining a client's Total Investment.
Investments by defined contribution pension plans (such as 401(k)
plans) will always be invested in the class of shares of the relevant Fund(s)
with the highest Shareholder Service Fee offered from time to time by the
relevant Fund(s) regardless of the size of the investment, and will not be
eligible to convert to other classes.
For Clients with Accounts as of May 31, 1996: Any client of GMO whose
Total Investment as of May 31, 1996 was equal to or greater than $7 million will
remain eligible for Class III Shares indefinitely, provided that such client
does not make a withdrawal or redemption that causes the client's Total
Investment to fall below $7 million. Any client whose Total Investment as of May
31, 1996 was less than $7 million, but greater than $0, will convert to Class II
Shares on July 31, 1997 or such later date as may be determined by the Manager.
For clients with GMO accounts as of May 31, 1996, their initial Total Investment
will equal the market value of all of their GMO investments as of the close of
business on May 31, 1996 and will subsequently be calculated as described in the
preceding section.
Class IV, Class V, Class VI, Class VII and Class VIII Shares:
- -------------------------------------------------------------
Eligibility for Class IV, Class V, Class VI, Class VII and Class VIII
Shares is dependent upon the client meeting either (i) a minimum "TOTAL FUND
INVESTMENT" requirement, which includes only a client's total investment in the
particular Fund, or (ii) a minimum "Total Investment" requirement, calculated as
described above for Class I, Class II and Class III Shares. For clients that
have accounts with GMO as of November 30, 1997,
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<PAGE> 22
their initial Total Investment or initial Total Fund Investment for purposes of
determining eligibility for Class IV, Class V, Class VI, Class VII and Class
VIII Shares will be the greater of the market value of all of their investments
advised by GMO and its affiliates, or the market value of their investment in
the particular Fund, as the case may be, as of the close of business on November
30, 1997 or December 31, 1997. For clients establishing a relationship with GMO
on or after December 1, 1997, their Total Fund Investment and Total Investment
will be determined as described above.
The Manager will make all determinations as to aggregation of client
accounts for purposes of determining eligibility.
CLASS CHARACTERISTICS
The sole difference among the various classes of shares is the level of
shareholder service fee ("Shareholder Service Fee") borne by the class for
client and shareholder service, reporting and other support provided to such
class by GMO.
The multiple class structure reflects the fact that, as the size of the
client relationship increases, the cost to service that relationship is expected
to decrease as a percentage of the account. Thus, the Shareholder Service Fee is
lower for classes for which eligibility criteria generally require greater
assets under GMO's management.
Certain Funds are subject to either an initial purchase premium, a
redemption fee, or both. The initial purchase premium and redemption fee, if
any, may, in some limited cases, be subject to reduction or waiver if the
Adviser determines that there are minimal brokerage and/or transaction costs
incurred as a result of the purchase or redemption, as set forth in the
Prospectus in effect from time to time.(1)
ALLOCATIONS TO EACH CLASS
EXPENSE ALLOCATIONS
Shareholder Service Fees payable by the Trust to the shareholder
services of the Trust's shares (the "Shareholder Servicer") shall be allocated,
to the extent practicable, on a class-by- class basis. Subject to the approval
of the Trust's Board of Trustees, including a majority of the independent
Trustees, the following "Class Expenses" may (if such expense is properly
- ---------------
(1) All purchase premiums are paid to and retained by the relevant Fund
and are intended to cover the brokerage and other costs associated with putting
an investment to work in the relevant markets. All redemption fees are paid to
and retained by the relevant Fund and are designed to allocate transaction costs
caused by shareholder activity to the shareholder generating the activity.
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<PAGE> 23
assessable at the class level) in the future be allocated on a class-by-class
basis: (a) transfer agency costs attributable to each class, (b) printing and
postage expenses related to preparing and distributing materials such as
shareholder reports, prospectuses and proxy statements to current shareholders
of a specific Class, (c) SEC registration fees incurred with respect to a
specific class, (d) blue sky and foreign registration fees and expenses incurred
with respect to a specific class, (e) the expenses of administrative personnel
and services required to support shareholders of a specific class (including,
but not limited to, maintaining telephone lines and personnel to answer
shareholder inquiries about their accounts or about the Trust), (f) litigation
and other legal expenses relating to a specific class of shares, (g) Trustees'
fees or expenses incurred as a result of issues relating to a specific class of
shares, (h) accounting and consulting expenses relating to a specific class of
shares, (i) any fees imposed pursuant to a non-Rule 12b- 1 shareholder service
plan that relate to a specific class of shares, and (j) any additional expenses,
not including advisory or custodial fees or other expenses related to the
management of the Trust's assets, if these expenses are actually incurred in a
different amount with respect to a class, or if services are provided with
respect to a class, or if services are provided with respect to a class that are
of a different kind or to a different degree than with respect to one or more
other classes.
All expenses not now or hereafter designated as Class Expenses ("Fund
Expenses") will be allocated to each class on the basis of the net asset value
of that class in relation to the net asset value of the relevant Fund.
However, notwithstanding the above, a Fund may allocate all expenses
other than Class Expenses on the basis of any methodology permitted by Rule
18f-3(c) under the Act, provided, however, that until such time as this Plan is
amended with respect to the Fund's allocation methodology, the Fund will
allocate all expenses other than Class Expenses on the basis of relative net
assets.
WAIVERS AND REIMBURSEMENTS
The Adviser and the Shareholder Servicer may choose to waive or
reimburse Shareholder Service Fees, or any other Class Expenses on a voluntary
or temporary basis.
INCOME, GAINS AND LOSSES
Income and realized and unrealized capital gains and losses shall be
allocated to each class on the basis of the net asset value of that class in
relation to the net asset value of the relevant Fund.
Each Fund may allocate income and realized and unrealized capital gains
and losses to each share based on any methodology permitted by Rule 18f-3(c)(2)
under the Act, consistent with the provisions set forth in "Expense Allocations"
above.
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<PAGE> 24
CONVERSION AND EXCHANGE FEATURES
On December 31 of each year and on such other dates as may be
determined by GMO (each a "DETERMINATION DATE") the value of each client's Total
Investment and Total Fund Investment with GMO will be determined. Based on that
determination, each client's shares of each Fund will be automatically converted
to the class of shares of such Fund which is then being offered with the lowest
Shareholder Service Fee for which the client is eligible based on the amount of
their Total Investment or Total Fund Investment, as the case may be, on the
Determination Date. The conversion will occur within 15 business days following
the Determination Date. Also, if a client makes an investment in a GMO Fund
(except for the Pelican Fund) or puts additional assets under GMO's management
(except for accounts managed by GMO's Domestic Active Division) so as to cause
the client to be eligible for a new class of shares, such determination will be
made as of the close of business on the last day of the calendar quarter in
which the investment was made, and the conversion will be effected within 15
business days of that quarter. Notwithstanding the foregoing, there will be no
automatic conversion from a class of shares with a lower Shareholder Service Fee
to a class of shares with a higher Shareholder Service Fee unless appropriate
disclosure regarding the higher Shareholder Service Fee has been given to the
affected client(s) in the Prospectus or otherwise.
Shares of one class will always convert into shares of another class on
the basis of the relative net asset value of the two classes, without the
imposition of any sales load, fee or other charge. The conversion of a client's
investment from one class of shares to another is not a taxable event, and will
not result in the realization of gain or loss that may exist in Fund shares held
by the client. The client's tax basis in the new class of shares will equal
their basis in the old class before conversion. The conversion of shares from
one class to another class of shares may be suspended if the opinion of counsel
obtained by the Trust that the conversion does not constitute a taxable event
under current federal income tax law is no longer available.
Certain special rules will be applied by the Manager with respect to
clients for whom GMO managed assets prior to the creation of multiple classes on
May 31, 1996. Clients whose Total Investment as of May 31, 1996 is equal to $7
million or more will be eligible to remain invested in Class III Shares
indefinitely (irrespective of whether the Fund has a higher investment minimum),
provided that such client does not make a withdrawal or redemption that causes
the client's Total Investment to fall below $7 million. Clients whose Total
Investment as of May 31, 1996 is less than $7 million but greater than $0 will
be eligible to invest in or convert to Class II Shares indefinitely
(irrespective of whether the Fund has a higher investment minimum), and such
conversion will not occur until on or after July 31, 1997. Notwithstanding the
foregoing special rules applicable to clients owning shares of the Funds on May
31, 1996, such clients shall always be eligible to remain in and/or be converted
to any class of shares of the relevant Fund with a lower Shareholder Service Fee
which the client would be eligible to purchase pursuant to the eligibility
requirements set forth elsewhere in this Plan or in the Prospectus.
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<PAGE> 25
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Plan, pursuant to
Article VI, Section 3 of the Trust's Amended and Restated Agreement and
Declaration of Trust, the Trust has the right to redeem unilaterally any
shareholder of any Fund if at such time such shareholder owns shares of any Fund
or class thereof "having an aggregate net asset value of less than an amount
determined from time to time by the Trustees."
DIVIDENDS
Dividends paid by the Trust with respect to its Class I, Class II,
Class III, Class IV, Class V, Class VI, Class VII and Class VIII Shares, to the
extent any dividends are paid, will be calculated in the same manner, at the
same time and will be in the same amount, except that any Shareholder Service
Fee payments relating to a class of shares will be borne exclusively by that
class and, if applicable, Class Expenses relating to a class shall be borne
exclusively by that class.
VOTING RIGHTS
Each share of the Trust entitles the shareholder of record to one vote.
Each class of shares of the Trust will vote separately as a class on matters for
which class voting is required under applicable law.
RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE TRUSTEES
On an ongoing basis, the Trustees will monitor the Trust for the
existence of any material conflicts among the interests of the eight classes of
shares. The Trustees shall further monitor on an ongoing basis the use of
waivers or reimbursement of expenses by the Adviser to guard against
cross-subsidization between classes. The Trustees, including a majority of the
independent Trustees, shall take such action as is reasonably necessary to
eliminate any such conflict that may develop.
REPORTS TO THE TRUSTEES
The Adviser and the Shareholder Servicer will be responsible for
reporting any potential or existing conflicts among the eight classes of shares
to the Trustees.
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<PAGE> 26
AMENDMENTS
The Plan may be amended from time to time in accordance with the
provisions and requirements of Rule 18f-3 under the Act.
Adopted this ____ day of ___________, 1998
By:________________________
Alison E. Baur
Clerk
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<PAGE> 27
Schedule 3.6 to Decl. of Trust
SERIES
- ------
GMO U.S. Core Fund
GMO Tobacco-Free Core Fund
GMO Value Fund
GMO Growth Fund
GMO U.S. Sector Fund
GMO Small Cap Value Fund
GMO Fundamental Value Fund
GMO REIT Fund
GMO Small Cap Growth Fund
GMO International Core Fund
GMO Currency Hedged International Core Fund
GMO Foreign Fund
GMO U.S. Bond/Global Alpha A Fund
GMO U.S. Bond/Global Alpha B Fund
GMO International Small Companies Fund
GMO Japan Fund
GMO Emerging Markets Fund
GMO Global Properties Fund
GMO Short-Term Income Fund
GMO Global Hedged Equity Fund
GMO Domestic Bond Fund
GMO International Bond Fund
GMO Currency Hedged International Bond Fund
GMO Global Bond Fund
GMO Emerging Country Debt Fund
GMO Inflation Indexed Bond Fund
GMO International Equity Allocation Fund
GMO Evolving Countries Fund
GMO World Equity Allocation Fund
GMO Global (U.S.+) Equity Allocation Fund
GMO Global Balanced Allocation Fund
GMO International Core Plus Allocation Fund
Pelican Fund
GMO Asia Fund
GMO Tax-Managed U.S. Equities Fund
GMO Tax-Managed International Equities Fund
GMO Tax-Managed Global Allocation Fund
GMO Emerging Country Debt Share Fund
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<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 5
MANAGEMENT CONTRACT
Management Contract executed as of July ___, 1998 between GMO TRUST, a
Massachusetts business trust (the "Trust") on behalf of its GMO Emerging Country
Debt Share Fund (the "Fund"), and GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN OTTERLOO & CO. LLC, a
Massachusetts limited liability company (the "Manager").
W I T N E S S E T H:
That in consideration of the mutual covenants herein contained, it is
agreed as follows:
1. SERVICES TO BE RENDERED BY MANAGER TO THE TRUST.
(a) Subject always to the control of the Trustees of the Trust and to
such policies as the Trustees may determine, the Manager will, at its expense,
(i) furnish continuously an asset allocation program for the Fund and will make
investment decisions on behalf of the Fund and place all orders for the purchase
and sale of its portfolio securities and (ii) furnish office space and
equipment, provide bookkeeping and clerical services (excluding determination of
net asset value, shareholder accounting services and the fund accounting
services for the Fund being supplied by Investors Bank & Trust Company) and pay
all salaries, fees and expenses of officers and Trustees of the Trust who are
affiliated with the Manager. In the performance of its duties, the Manager will
comply with the provisions of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust and By-laws
of the Trust and the Fund's stated investment objective, policies and
restrictions.
(b) In placing orders for the portfolio transactions of the Fund, the
Manager will seek the best price and execution available, except to the extent
it may be permitted to pay higher brokerage commissions for brokerage and
research services as described below. In using its best efforts to obtain for
the Fund the most favorable price and execution available, the Manager shall
consider all factors it deems relevant, including, without limitation, the
overall net economic result to the Fund (involving price paid or received and
any commissions and other costs paid), the efficiency with which the transaction
is effected, the ability to effect the transaction at all where a large block is
involved, availability of the broker to stand ready to execute possibly
difficult transactions in the future and financial strength and stability of the
broker. Subject to such policies as the Trustees may determine, the Manager
shall not be deemed to have acted unlawfully or to have breached any duty
created by this Contract or otherwise solely by reason of its having caused a
Fund to pay a broker or dealer that provides brokerage and research services to
the Manager an amount of commission for effecting a portfolio investment
transaction in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would
have charged for effecting that transaction, if the Manager determines in good
<PAGE> 2
faith that such amount of commission was reasonable in relation to the value of
the brokerage and research services provided by such broker or dealer, viewed in
terms of either that particular transaction or the Manager's overall
responsibilities with respect to the Trust and to other clients of the Manager
as to which the Manager exercises investment discretion.
(c) The Manager shall not be obligated under this agreement to pay any
expenses of or for the Trust or of or for the Fund not expressly assumed by the
Manager pursuant to this Section 1 other than as provided in Section 3.
2. OTHER AGREEMENTS, ETC.
It is understood that any of the shareholders, Trustees, officers and
employees of the Trust may be a partner, shareholder, director, officer or
employee of, or be otherwise interested in, the Manager, and in any person
controlled by or under common control with the Manager, and that the Manager and
any person controlled by or under common control with the Manager may have an
interest in the Trust. It is also understood that the Manager and persons
controlled by or under common control with the Manager have and may have
advisory, management service, distribution or other contracts with other
organizations and persons, and may have other interests and businesses.
3. COMPENSATION TO BE PAID BY THE TRUST TO THE MANAGER.
The Fund will pay no direct fee to the Manager as compensation for the
Manager's allocation services rendered hereunder. Since the Manager intends to
invest substantially all of the Fund's assets in shares of the GMO Emerging
Country Debt Fund ("ECDF"), a series of GMO Trust advised by the Manager, the
Manager will be indirectly compensated for its services rendered hereunder
pursuant to the terms of the Management Contract between the Trust, on behalf of
ECDF, and the Manager.
In the event that expenses of the Fund for any fiscal year should
exceed the expense limitation on investment company expenses imposed by any
statute or regulatory authority of any jurisdiction in which shares of the Trust
are qualified for offer and sale, the compensation due the Manager for such
fiscal year shall be reduced by the amount of such excess by a reduction or
refund thereof. In the event that the expenses of the Fund exceed any expense
limitation which the Manager may, by written notice to the Trust, voluntarily
declare to be effective with respect to the Fund, subject to such terms and
conditions as the Manager may prescribe in such notice, the compensation due the
Manager shall be reduced, and, if necessary, the Manager shall bear the Fund's
expenses to the extent required by such expense limitation.
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<PAGE> 3
4. ASSIGNMENT TERMINATES THIS CONTRACT; AMENDMENTS OF THIS
CONTRACT.
This Contract shall automatically terminate, without the payment of any
penalty, in the event of its assignment; and this Contract shall not be amended
unless such amendment is approved at a meeting by the affirmative vote of a
majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund, and by the vote, cast in person
at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval, of a majority of
the Trustees of the Trust who are not interested persons of the Trust or of the
Manager.
5. EFFECTIVE PERIOD AND TERMINATION OF THIS CONTRACT.
This Contract shall become effective upon its execution, and shall
remain in full force and effect continuously thereafter (unless terminated
automatically as set forth in Section 4) until terminated as follows:
(a) Either party hereto may at any time terminate this Contract by not
more than sixty days' written notice delivered or mailed by registered mail,
postage prepaid, to the other party, or
(b) If (i) the Trustees of the Trust or the shareholders by the
affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund, and (ii) a
majority of the Trustees of the Trust who are not interested persons of the
Trust or of the Manager, by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the
purpose of voting on such approval, do not specifically approve at least
annually the continuance of this Contract, then this Contract shall
automatically terminate at the close of business on the second anniversary of
its execution, or upon the expiration of one year from the effective date of the
last such continuance, whichever is later; provided, however, that if the
continuance of this Contract is submitted to the shareholders of the Fund for
their approval and such shareholders fail to approve such continuance of this
Contract as provided herein, the Manager may continue to serve hereunder in a
manner consistent with the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules and
regulations thereunder.
Action by the Trust under (a) above may be taken either (i) by vote of
a majority of its Trustees, or (ii) by the affirmative vote of a majority of the
outstanding shares of the Fund.
Termination of this Contract pursuant to this Section 5 shall be
without the payment of any penalty.
6. CERTAIN DEFINITIONS.
For the purposes of this Contract, the "affirmative vote of a majority
of the outstanding shares" of the Fund means the affirmative vote, at a duly
called and held meeting of shareholders, (a) of the holders of 67% or more of
the shares of the Fund present (in person or
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<PAGE> 4
by proxy) and entitled to vote at such meeting, if the holders of more than 50%
of the outstanding shares of the Fund entitled to vote at such meeting are
present in person or by proxy, or (b) of the holders of more than 50% of the
outstanding shares of the Fund entitled to vote at such meeting, whichever is
less.
For the purposes of this Contract, the terms "affiliated person",
"control", "interested person" and "assignment" shall have their respective
meanings defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules and
regulations thereunder, subject, however, to such exemptions as may be granted
by the Securities and Exchange Commission under said Act; and the phrase
"specifically approve at least annually" shall be construed in a manner
consistent with the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules and regulations
thereunder.
7. NONLIABILITY OF MANAGER.
In the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on
the part of the Manager, or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties
hereunder, the Manager shall not be subject to any liability to the Trust, or to
any shareholder of the Trust, for any act or omission in the course of, or
connected with, rendering services hereunder.
8. INITIALS "GMO".
The Manager owns the initials "GMO" which may be used by the Trust only
with the consent of the Manager. The Manager consents to the use by the Trust of
the name "GMO Trust" or any other name embodying the initials "GMO", in such
forms as the Manager shall in writing approve, but only on condition and so long
as (i) this Contract shall remain in full force and (ii) the Trust shall fully
perform, fulfill and comply with all provisions of this Contract expressed
herein to be performed, fulfilled or complied with by it. No such name shall be
used by the Trust at any time or in any place or for any purposes or under any
conditions except as in this section provided. The foregoing authorization by
the Manager to the Trust to use said initials as part of a business or name is
not exclusive of the right of the Manager itself to use, or to authorize others
to use, the same; the Trust acknowledges and agrees that as between the Manager
and the Trust, the Manager has the exclusive right so to authorize others to use
the same; the Trust acknowledges and agrees that as between the Manager and the
Trust, the Manager has the exclusive right so to use, or authorize others to
use, said initials and the Trust agrees to take such action as may reasonably be
requested by the Manager to give full effect to the provisions of this section
(including, without limitation, consenting to such use of said initials).
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Trust agrees that, upon
any termination of this Contract by either party or upon the violation of any of
its provisions by the Trust, the Trust will, at the request of the Manager made
within six months after the Manager has knowledge of such termination or
violation, use its best efforts to change the name of the Trust so as to
eliminate all reference, if any, to the initials "GMO" and will not thereafter
transact any business in a name containing the initials "GMO" in any form or
combination whatsoever, or designate itself as the same entity as or successor
to
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<PAGE> 5
an entity of such name, or otherwise use the initials "GMO" or any other
reference to the Manager. Such covenants on the part of the Trust shall be
binding upon it, its trustees, officers, stockholders, creditors and all other
persons claiming under or through it.
9. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY OF THE TRUSTEES AND SHAREHOLDERS.
A copy of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Trust is on
file with the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and notice is
hereby given that this instrument is executed on behalf of the Trustees of the
Trust as Trustees and not individually and that the obligations of this
instrument are not binding upon any of the Trustees or shareholders individually
but are binding only upon the assets and property of the Fund.
-5-
<PAGE> 6
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, GMO TRUST and GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN OTTERLOO & CO.
LLC have each caused this instrument to be signed in duplicate on its behalf by
its duly authorized representative, all as of the day and year first above
written.
GMO TRUST
By_______________________________________
Title:
GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN OTTERLOO & CO.
LLC
By_______________________________________
Title:
-6-
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 8
July ___, 1998
Investors Bank & Trust Company
Financial Product Services
200 Clarendon Street
Boston, MA 02116
Re: Custodian Agreement dated August 1, 1991 by and among
GMO Trust, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC
and Investors Bank & Trust Company
----------------------------------
Ladies and Gentlemen:
GMO Trust (the "Trust") hereby notifies you that it has established an
additional series of shares, namely, the "GMO Emerging Country Debt Share Fund"
(the "New Fund"). The Trust and the Manager (as defined in the Agreement) desire
that you serve as custodian of the assets of the New Fund under the terms of the
Agreement.
If you agree to so serve as custodian for the New Fund, kindly sign and
return to the Trust the enclosed counterpart hereof, whereupon the New Fund
shall be deemed a "Fund" under the Agreement. This letter agreement shall
constitute an amendment to the Agreement and, as such, a binding agreement among
the Trust, the Manager and you in accordance with its terms.
Very truly yours,
GMO TRUST
By__________________________________
Name:
Title:
GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN OTTERLOO & CO. LLC
By__________________________________
Name:
Title:
The foregoing is hereby accepted and agreed:
INVESTORS BANK & TRUST COMPANY
By__________________________________
Name:
Title:
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 9.1
July ___ , 1998
Investors Bank & Trust Company
Financial Product Services
200 Clarendon Street
Boston, MA 02116
Re: Transfer Agency and Service Agreement dated August 1, 1991
by and among GMO Trust, Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo &
Co. LLC and Investors Bank & Trust Co. (the "Agreement")
--------------------------------------------------------
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Pursuant to Article 17 of the Agreement, GMO Trust (the "Company")
hereby notifies you that it has created a new series of shares, namely, the "GMO
Emerging Country Debt Share Fund" (the "New Fund"), with respect to which the
Company and the Manager (as defined in the Agreement) desire that you serve as
transfer agent under the terms of the Agreement.
If you agree to so serve as transfer agent for the New Fund, kindly
sign and return to the Company the enclosed counterpart hereof, whereupon the
New Fund shall be deemed a "Fund" under the Agreement. This letter agreement
shall constitute an amendment to the Agreement and, as such, a binding agreement
among the Trust, the Manager and you in accordance with its terms.
Very truly yours,
GMO TRUST
By__________________________________
Name:
Title:
GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN OTTERLOO & CO. LLC
By__________________________________
Name:
Title:
The foregoing is hereby accepted and agreed.
INVESTORS BANK & TRUST COMPANY
By__________________________________
Name:
Title:
-1-
3317590.01
<PAGE> 2
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 9.2
GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN OTTERLOO & CO. LLC
NOTIFICATION OF FEE WAIVER AND
EXPENSE LIMITATION
------------------
NOTIFICATION made ______________ ___, 1998 by GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN
OTTERLOO & CO. LLC, a Massachusetts limited liability company (the "Advisor"),
to GMO TRUST, a Massachusetts business trust (the "Trust").
WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS, the Advisor has organized the Trust to serve primarily as an
investment vehicle for certain large institutional accounts; and
WHEREAS, the Advisor believes it would benefit from a high sales volume
of shares of the Trust in that such a volume would maximize the Advisor's fee as
investment advisor to each series of the Trust constituting a separate
investment portfolio set forth below (each a "Fund" and, collectively, the
"Funds"); and
WHEREAS, the Advisor has agreed to furnish certain services or to bear
the costs thereof so as to enable the Funds to offer competitive returns with
respect to investments in the Funds.
NOW, THEREFORE, pursuant to Section 3 of each Management Contract (each
a "Management Contract") currently in effect between the Advisor and the Trust,
on behalf of each Fund, the Advisor hereby notifies the Trust that the Advisor
shall voluntarily, until further notice, and subject to any board of trustee
approvals required by the Trust's June 26, 1996 SEC Exemptive Order (Investment
Company Act Release No. 22043), reduce its compensation due under each
Management Contract, if necessary, to the extent that a Fund's total annual
operating expenses (excluding Shareholder Service Fees, brokerage commissions
and other investment-related costs, hedging transaction fees, extraordinary,
non-recurring and certain other unusual expenses (including taxes), securities
lending fees and expenses and transfer taxes; and, in the case of the GMO Asia
Fund, GMO Emerging Markets Fund, GMO Evolving Countries Fund, GMO Emerging
Country Debt Fund, GMO Global Hedged Equity Fund and GMO Global Properties Fund,
excluding custodial fees; and, in the case of the GMO International Equity
Allocation Fund, GMO World Equity Allocation Fund, GMO Global (U.S.+) Equity
Allocation Fund, GMO Global Balanced Allocation Fund, GMO International Core
Plus Allocation Fund, GMO U.S. Sector Fund, GMO Global Hedged Equity Fund and
GMO Emerging Country Debt Share Fund, excluding expenses indirectly incurred by
investment in other Funds of the Trust), will not exceed the following annual
rate of such Fund's average daily net asset value:
<PAGE> 2
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C> <C> <C>
GMO U.S. Core Fund 0.33% GMO U.S. Bond/Global Alpha B Fund 0.20%
GMO Tobacco-Free Core Fund 0.33% GMO Foreign Fund 0.60%
GMO Value Fund 0.46% GMO International Small Companies Fund 0.60%
GMO Growth Fund 0.33% GMO Japan Fund 0.54%
GMO U.S. Sector Fund 0.33% GMO Emerging Markets Fund 0.81%
GMO Small Cap Value Fund 0.33% GMO Short-Term Income Fund 0.05%
GMO Fundamental Value Fund 0.60% GMO Global Hedged Equity Fund 0.50%
GMO REIT Fund 0.54% GMO Domestic Bond Fund 0.10%
GMO Small Cap Growth Fund 0.33% GMO International Bond Fund 0.25%
GMO International Core Fund 0.54% GMO Currency Hedged International Bond Fund 0.25%
GMO Currency Hedged International Core Fund 0.54% GMO Global Bond Fund 0.19%
GMO Emerging Country Debt Fund 0.35% GMO World Equity Allocation Fund 0.00%
GMO Inflation Indexed Bond Fund 0.10% GMO Global (U.S.+) Equity Allocation Fund 0.00%
GMO International Equity Allocation Fund 0.00% GMO Global Balanced Allocation Fund 0.00%
GMO Global Properties Fund 0.60% Pelican Fund 0.95%
GMO U.S. Bond/Global Alpha A Fund 0.25% GMO Evolving Countries Fund 0.65%
GMO International Core Plus Allocation Fund 0.00% GMO Asia Fund 0.81%
GMO Tax-Managed U.S. Equties Fund 0.33% GMO Tax-Managed International Equities Fund 0.54%
GMO Tax-Managed Global Equities Allocation Fund 0.00% GMO Emerging Country Debt Share Fund 0.00%
</TABLE>
Please be advised that all previous notifications by the Advisor with
respect to expense limitations regarding any of the Funds shall hereafter be
null and void and of no further force and effect.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Advisor has executed this Notification of
Expense Limitation on the day and year first above written.
GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN OTTERLOO & CO. LLC
By:
-----------------------------------
Title: Member
The foregoing is hereby accepted:
GMO TRUST
on behalf of each
Fund named above
By:
-----------------------------
Title:
-2-
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 9.3
AMENDED AND RESTATED SERVICING AGREEMENT
----------------------------------------
The Servicing Agreement executed as of May 30, 1996 between GMO TRUST,
a Massachusetts business trust (the "Trust") on behalf of each of its Class I,
Class II, Class III, Class IV, Class V, Class VI, Class VII and Class VIII (each
a "Class" and collectively the "Classes") Shares (the "Shares") of each Fund
listed on Exhibit I hereto, (collectively, the "Funds"), and GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN
OTTERLOO & CO. LLC, a Massachusetts limited liability company (the "Shareholder
Servicer"), is hereby amended and restated effective July ____, 1998 by the
Trustees:
W I T N E S S E T H:
That in consideration of the mutual covenants herein contained, it is
agreed as follows:
1. SERVICES TO BE RENDERED BY SERVICING AGENT TO THE TRUST.
(a) The Shareholder Servicer will, at its expense, provide direct
client service, maintenance and reporting to shareholders of each Class of
Shares of each Fund set forth on Exhibit 1 hereto, such services and reporting
to include, without limitation, professional and informative reporting, client
account information, personal and electronic access to Fund information, access
to analysis and explanations of Fund reports, and assistance in the correction
and maintenance of client-related information.
(b) The Shareholder Servicer shall not be obligated under this
agreement to pay any expenses of or for the Trust or of or for the Fund not
expressly assumed by the Shareholder Servicer pursuant to this Section 1.
2. OTHER AGREEMENTS, ETC.
It is understood that any of the shareholders, Trustees, officers and
employees of the Trust may be a partner, shareholder, director, officer or
employee of, or be otherwise interested in, the Shareholder Servicer, and in any
person controlled by or under common control with the Shareholder Servicer, and
that the Shareholder Servicer and any person controlled by or under common
control with the Shareholder Servicer may have an interest in the Trust. It is
also understood that the Shareholder Servicer and persons controlled by or under
common control with the Shareholder Servicer may have advisory, servicing,
distribution or other contracts with other organizations and persons, and may
have other interests and businesses.
<PAGE> 2
3. COMPENSATION TO BE PAID BY THE TRUST TO THE SERVICING AGENT.
Each Class of Shares of each Fund will pay to the Shareholder Servicer
as compensation for the Shareholder Servicer's services rendered and for the
expenses borne by the Shareholder Servicer with respect to such Class of Shares
of such Fund pursuant to Section 1, a fee, computed and accrued daily, and paid
monthly or at such other intervals as the Trustees shall determine, at the
annual rate of such Class' average daily net asset value set forth on the Fee
Rate Schedule attached as Exhibit II hereto. Such fee shall be payable for each
month (or other interval) within five (5) business days after the end of such
month (or other interval).
If the Servicing Agent shall serve for less than the whole of a month
(or other interval), the foregoing compensation shall be prorated.
4. ASSIGNMENT TERMINATES THIS CONTRACT; AMENDMENTS OF THIS
CONTRACT.
This Contract shall automatically terminate, without the payment of any
penalty, in the event of its assignment; provided, however, in the event of
consolidation or merger in which the Shareholder Servicer is not the surviving
corporation or which results in the acquisition of substantially all the
Shareholder Servicer's outstanding stock by a single person or entity or by a
group of persons and/or entities acting in concert, or in the event of the sale
or transfer of substantially all the Shareholder Servicer's assets, the
Shareholder Servicer may assign any such agreement to such surviving entity,
acquiring entity, assignee or purchaser, as the case may be. This Contract shall
not be amended unless such amendment is approved by the vote, cast in person at
a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval, of a majority of
the Trustees of the Trust who are not interested persons of the Trust or of the
Shareholder Servicer.
5. EFFECTIVE PERIOD AND TERMINATION OF THIS CONTRACT.
This Contract shall become effective upon its execution, and shall
remain in full force and effect continuously thereafter (unless terminated
automatically as set forth in Section 4) until terminated as follows:
(a) Either party hereto may at any time terminate this Contract (or
this Contract's application to one or more Classes or Funds) by not more than
sixty days' written notice delivered or mailed by registered mail, postage
prepaid, to the other party, or
(b) If (i) a majority of the Trustees of the Trust, and (ii) a majority
of the Trustees of the Trust who are not interested persons of the Trust or of
the Shareholder Servicer, by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the
purpose of voting on such approval, do not specifically approve at least
annually the continuance of this Contract, then this Contract shall
automatically terminate at the close of business on the second anniversary of
its execution, or
-2
<PAGE> 3
upon the expiration of one year from the effective date of the last such
continuance, whichever is later.
Termination of this Contract pursuant to this Section 5 shall be
without the payment of any penalty.
6. CERTAIN DEFINITIONS.
For the purposes of this Contract, the terms "affiliated person",
"control", "interested person" and "assignment" shall have their respective
meanings defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules and
regulations thereunder, subject, however, to such exemptions as may be granted
by the Securities and Exchange Commission under said Act; and the phrase
"specifically approve at least annually" shall be construed in a manner
consistent with the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules and regulations
thereunder.
7. NONLIABILITY OF SERVICING AGENT.
In the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on
the part of the Shareholder Servicer, or reckless disregard of its obligations
and duties hereunder, the Shareholder Servicer shall not be subject to any
liability to the Trust, or to any shareholder of the Trust, for any act or
omission in the course of, or connected with, rendering services hereunder.
8. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY OF THE TRUSTEES AND SHAREHOLDERS.
A copy of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Trust is on
file with the Secretary of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and notice is
hereby given that this instrument is executed on behalf of the Trustees of the
Trust as Trustees and not individually and that the obligations of this
instrument are not binding upon any of the Trustees or shareholders individually
but are binding only upon the assets and property of the Fund.
-3
<PAGE> 4
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, GMO TRUST and GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN OTTERLOO & CO.
LLC have each caused this instrument to be signed in duplicate on its behalf by
its duly authorized representative, all as of the day and year first above
written.
GMO TRUST
By_______________________________________
Title:
GRANTHAM, MAYO, VAN OTTERLOO
& CO. LLC
By_______________________________________
Title:
-4
<PAGE> 5
EXHIBIT I
- ---------
GMO U.S. Core Fund
GMO Tobacco-Free Core Fund
GMO Value Fund
GMO Growth Fund
GMO U.S. Sector Fund
GMO Small Cap Value Fund
GMO Fundamental Value Fund
GMO Small Cap Growth Fund
GMO REIT Fund
GMO International Core Fund
GMO Currency Hedged International Core Fund
GMO Foreign Fund
GMO U.S. Bond/Global Alpha B Fund
GMO U.S. Bond/Global Alpha A Fund
GMO International Small Companies Fund
GMO Japan Fund
GMO Emerging Markets Fund
GMO Global Properties Fund
GMO Domestic Bond Fund
GMO Global Hedged Equity Fund
GMO Short-Term Income Fund
GMO International Bond Fund
GMO Currency Hedged International Bond Fund
GMO Global Bond Fund
GMO Emerging Country Debt Fund
GMO Inflation Indexed Bond Fund
GMO Evolving Countries Fund
GMO International Equity Allocation Fund
GMO Global (U.S.+) Equity Allocation Fund
GMO World Equity Allocation Fund
GMO Global Balanced Allocation Fund
GMO International Core Plus Allocation Fund
GMO Asia Fund
GMO Tax-Managed U.S. Equities Fund
GMO Tax-Managed International Equities Fund
GMO Tax-Managed Global Allocation Fund
GMO Emerging Country Debt Share Fund
-5
<PAGE> 6
SERVICE FEE SCHEDULE EXHIBIT II
- -------------------- ----------
CLASS I SHARES
FUND SERVICE FEE
GMO U.S. Core Fund 0.28%
GMO Tobacco-Free Core Fund 0.28%
GMO Value Fund 0.28%
GMO Growth Fund 0.28%
GMO U.S. Sector Fund 0.28%
GMO Small Cap Value Fund 0.28%
GMO Fundamental Value Fund 0.28%
GMO Small Cap Growth Fund 0.28%
GMO REIT Fund 0.28%
GMO International Core Fund 0.28%
GMO Currency Hedged International Core Fund 0.28%
GMO Foreign Fund 0.28%
GMO U.S. Bond/Global Alpha B Fund 0.28%
GMO U.S. Bond/Global Alpha A Fund 0.28%
GMO International Small Companies Fund 0.28%
GMO Japan Fund 0.28%
GMO Emerging Markets Fund 0.28%
GMO Global Properties Fund 0.28%
GMO Domestic Bond Fund 0.28%
GMO Global Hedged Equity Fund 0.28%
GMO International Bond Fund 0.28%
GMO Currency Hedged International Bond Fund 0.28%
GMO Global Bond Fund 0.28%
GMO Emerging Country Debt Fund 0.28%
GMO Inflation Indexed Bond Fund 0.28%
GMO Evolving Countries Fund 0.28%
GMO Asia Fund 0.28%
GMO Tax-Managed U.S. Equities Fund 0.28%
GMO Tax-Managed International Equities Fund 0.28%
GMO International Equity Allocation Fund 0.13%
GMO Global (U.S.+) Equity Allocation Fund 0.13%
GMO World Equity Allocation Fund 0.13%
GMO Global Balanced Allocation Fund 0.13%
GMO International Core Plus Allocation Fund 0.13%
GMO Tax-Managed Global Allocation Fund 0.13%
-6
<PAGE> 7
SERVICE FEE SCHEDULE EXHIBIT II (cont'd)
- -------------------- ----------
CLASS II SHARES
FUND SERVICE FEE
GMO U.S. Core Fund 0.22%
GMO Tobacco-Free Core Fund 0.22%
GMO Value Fund 0.22%
GMO Growth Fund 0.22%
GMO U.S. Sector Fund 0.22%
GMO Small Cap Value Fund 0.22%
GMO Fundamental Value Fund 0.22%
GMO Small Cap Growth Fund 0.22%
GMO REIT Fund 0.22%
GMO International Core Fund 0.22%
GMO Currency Hedged International Core Fund 0.22%
GMO Foreign Fund 0.22%
GMO U.S. Bond/Global Alpha B Fund 0.22%
GMO U.S. Bond/Global Alpha A Fund 0.22%
GMO International Small Companies Fund 0.22%
GMO Japan Fund 0.22%
GMO Emerging Markets Fund 0.22%
GMO Global Properties Fund 0.22%
GMO Domestic Bond Fund 0.22%
GMO Global Hedged Equity Fund 0.22%
GMO International Bond Fund 0.22%
GMO Currency Hedged International Bond Fund 0.22%
GMO Global Bond Fund 0.22%
GMO Emerging Country Debt Fund 0.22%
GMO Inflation Indexed Bond Fund 0.22%
GMO Evolving Countries Fund 0.22%
GMO Asia Fund 0.22%
GMO Tax-Managed U.S. Equities Fund 0.22%
GMO Tax-Managed International Equities Fund 0.22%
GMO International Equity Allocation Fund 0.07%
GMO Global (U.S.+) Equity Allocation Fund 0.07%
GMO World Equity Allocation Fund 0.07%
GMO Global Balanced Allocation Fund 0.07%
GMO International Core Plus Allocation Fund 0.07%
GMO Tax-Managed Global Allocation Fund 0.07%
-7
<PAGE> 8
SERVICE FEE SCHEDULE EXHIBIT II (cont'd)
- -------------------- ----------
CLASS III SHARES
FUND SERVICE FEE
GMO U.S. Core Fund 0.15%
GMO Tobacco-Free Core Fund 0.15%
GMO Value Fund 0.15%
GMO Growth Fund 0.15%
GMO U.S. Sector Fund 0.15%
GMO Small Cap Value Fund 0.15%
GMO Fundamental Value Fund 0.15%
GMO Small Cap Growth Fund 0.15%
GMO REIT Fund 0.15%
GMO International Core Fund 0.15%
GMO Currency Hedged International Core Fund 0.15%
GMO Foreign Fund 0.15%
GMO U.S. Bond/Global Alpha B Fund 0.15%
GMO U.S. Bond/Global Alpha A Fund 0.15%
GMO International Small Companies Fund 0.15%
GMO Japan Fund 0.15%
GMO Emerging Markets Fund 0.15%
GMO Global Properties Fund 0.15%
GMO Domestic Bond Fund 0.15%
GMO Short-Term Income Fund 0.15%
GMO Global Hedged Equity Fund 0.15%
GMO International Bond Fund 0.15%
GMO Currency Hedged International Bond Fund 0.15%
GMO Global Bond Fund 0.15%
GMO Emerging Country Debt Fund 0.15%
GMO Evolving Countries Fund 0.15%
GMO Inflation Indexed Bond Fund 0.15%
GMO Asia Fund 0.15%
GMO Tax-Managed U.S. Equities Fund 0.15%
GMO Tax-Managed International Equities Fund 0.15%
-8
<PAGE> 9
CLASS III SHARES (CONT'D)
GMO International Equity Allocation Fund 0.00%
GMO Global (U.S.+) Equity Allocation Fund 0.00%
GMO World Equity Allocation Fund 0.00%
GMO Global Balanced Allocation Fund 0.00%
GMO International Core Plus Allocation Fund 0.00%
GMO Tax-Managed Global Allocation Fund 0.00%
GMO Emerging Country Debt Share Fund 0.00%
-9
<PAGE> 10
SERVICE FEE SCHEDULE EXHIBIT II (cont'd)
- -------------------- ----------
CLASS IV SHARES
FUND SERVICE FEE
GMO U.S. Core Fund 0.105%
GMO Tax-Managed U.S. Equities Fund 0.105%
GMO Tobacco-Free Core Fund 0.12%
GMO Value Fund 0.095%
GMO Growth Fund 0.12%
GMO U.S. Sector Fund 0.12%
GMO Small Cap Value Fund 0.12%
GMO Small Cap Growth Fund 0.12%
GMO REIT Fund 0.12%
GMO International Core Fund 0.09%
GMO Tax-Managed International Equities Fund 0.09%
GMO Currency Hedged International Core Fund 0.09%
GMO Foreign Fund 0.09%
GMO International Small Companies Fund 0.11%
GMO Japan Fund 0.11%
GMO Emerging Markets Fund 0.105%
GMO Global Properties Fund 0.11%
GMO Domestic Bond Fund 0.13%
GMO U.S. Bond/Global Alpha A Fund 0.13%
GMO International Bond Fund 0.13%
GMO Currency Hedged International Bond Fund 0.13%
GMO Global Bond Fund 0.13%
GMO Emerging Country Debt Fund 0.10%
GMO Global Hedged Equity Fund 0.13%
GMO Inflation Indexed Bond Fund 0.13%
GMO Evolving Countries Fund 0.10%
GMO Fundamental Value Fund 0.13%
GMO Asia Fund 0.105%
-10
<PAGE> 11
SERVICE FEE SCHEDULE EXHIBIT II (cont'd)
- -------------------- ----------
CLASS V SHARES
FUND SERVICE FEE
GMO U.S. Core Fund 0.09%
GMO Tobacco-Free Core Fund 0.09%
GMO Value Fund 0.09%
GMO Growth Fund 0.09%
GMO U.S. Sector Fund 0.09%
GMO Small Cap Value Fund 0.09%
GMO Small Cap Growth Fund 0.09%
GMO REIT Fund 0.09%
GMO International Core Fund 0.07%
GMO Currency Hedged International Core Fund 0.07%
GMO Foreign Fund 0.10%
GMO International Small Companies Fund 0.07%
GMO Japan Fund 0.07%
GMO Emerging Markets Fund 0.05%
GMO Global Properties Fund 0.07%
GMO Domestic Bond Fund 0.12%
GMO U.S. Bond/Global Alpha A Fund 0.12%
GMO International Bond Fund 0.12%
GMO Currency Hedged International Bond Fund 0.12%
GMO Global Bond Fund 0.12%
GMO Emerging Country Debt Fund 0.12%
GMO Global Hedged Equity Fund 0.12%
GMO Inflation Indexed Bond Fund 0.12%
GMO Evolving Countries Fund 0.05%
-11
<PAGE> 12
SERVICE FEE SCHEDULE EXHIBIT II (cont'd)
- -------------------- ----------
CLASS VI SHARES
FUND SERVICE FEE
GMO U.S. Core Fund 0.07%
GMO Tobacco-Free Core Fund 0.07%
GMO Value Fund 0.07%
GMO Growth Fund 0.07%
GMO U.S. Sector Fund 0.07%
GMO Small Cap Value Fund 0.07%
GMO Small Cap Growth Fund 0.07%
GMO REIT Fund 0.07%
GMO International Core Fund 0.04%
GMO Currency Hedged International Core Fund 0.04%
GMO Foreign Fund 0.08%
GMO International Small Companies Fund 0.04%
GMO Japan Fund 0.04%
GMO Emerging Markets Fund 0.02%
GMO Global Properties Fund 0.04%
GMO Domestic Bond Fund 0.10%
GMO U.S. Bond/Global Alpha A Fund 0.10%
GMO International Bond Fund 0.10%
GMO Currency Hedged International Bond Fund 0.10%
GMO Global Bond Fund 0.10%
GMO Emerging Country Debt Fund 0.10%
GMO Global Hedged Equity Fund 0.10%
GMO Inflation Indexed Bond Fund 0.10%
GMO Evolving Countries Fund 0.02%
-12
<PAGE> 13
SERVICE FEE SCHEDULE EXHIBIT II (cont'd)
- -------------------- ----------
CLASS VII SHARES
FUND SERVICE FEE
GMO U.S. Bond/Global Alpha A Fund 0.06%
GMO International Bond Fund 0.06%
GMO Currency Hedged International Bond Fund 0.06%
GMO Global Bond Fund 0.06%
CLASS VIII SHARES
FUND SERVICE FEE
GMO U.S. Bond/Global Alpha A Fund 0.01%
GMO International Bond Fund 0.01%
GMO Currency Hedged International Bond Fund 0.01%
GMO Global Bond Fund 0.01%
-13
