<PAGE>
GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9
Obtaining a Number
If you do not have a taxpayer identification number or you do not know your
number, obtain Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Number Card, or
Form SS-4, Application for Employer Identification Number, at the local office
of the Social Security Administration or the Internal Revenue Service (the
"IRS") and apply for a number.
To complete the Substitute Form W-9, if you do not have a taxpayer
identification number, write "Applied For" in the space for the taxpayer
identification number in Part 1, sign and date the Form, and give it to the
requester. Generally, you will then have 60 days to obtain a taxpayer
identification number and furnish it to the requester. If the requester does
not receive your taxpayer identification number within 60 days, backup
withholding, if applicable, will begin and will continue until you furnish
your taxpayer identification number to the requester.
Payees Exempt from Backup Withholding
Payees specifically exempted from backup withholding on ALL broker
transactions and interest and dividend payments include the following:
. A corporation.
. A financial institution.
. An organization exempt from tax under section 501(a) of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or an individual retirement
plan or a custodial account under Section 403(b)(7).
. The United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof.
. A State, the District of Columbia, a possession of the United States, or
any subdivision or instrumentality thereof.
. A foreign government, a political subdivision of a foreign government, or
any agency or instrumentality thereof.
. An international organization or any agency, or instrumentality thereof.
. A dealer in securities or commodities required to register in the U.S. or
a possession of the U.S.
. A real estate investment trust.
. A common trust fund operated by a bank under section 584(a) of the Code.
. An entity registered at all times under the Investment Company Act of
1940.
. A foreign central bank of issue.
Payments of dividends and patronage dividends not generally subject to backup
withholding including the following:
. Payments to nonresident aliens subject to withholding under section 1441.
. Payments to partnerships not engaged in a trade or business in the U.S.
and which have at least one non-resident alien partner.
. Payments of patronage dividends not paid in money.
. Payments made by certain foreign organizations.
. Payments made to a nominee.
Payments of interest not generally subject to backup withholding include the
following:
. Payments of interest on obligations issued by individuals.
. Payments of tax-exempt interest (including exempt-interest dividends under
section 852 of the Code).
. Payments described in Code section 6049(b)(5) to non-resident aliens.
. Payments on tax-free covenant bonds under section 1451 of the Code.
. Payments made by certain foreign organizations.
. Payments made to a nominee.
Exempt payees described above should file Form W-9 to avoid possible erroneous
backup withholding. ENTER YOUR TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, WRITE "EXEMPT"
ON THE FACE OF THE FORM, SIGN AND DATE THE FORM AND RETURN IT TO THE PAYER.
Privacy Act Notice.--Section 6109 requires most recipients of dividend,
interest, or other payments to give taxpayer identification numbers to payers
who must report the payments to IRS. The IRS uses the numbers for
identification purposes and to help verify the accuracy of your tax return.
Payers must be given the numbers whether or not recipients are required to
file tax returns. Payers must generally withhold 31% of taxable interest,
dividend, and certain other payments to a payee who does not furnish a
taxpayer identification number to a payer. Certain penalties may also apply.
Penalties
(1) Penalty for Failure to Furnish Taxpayer Identification Number.--If you
fail to furnish your taxpayer identification number to a payer, you are
subject to a penalty of $50 for each such failure unless your failure is due
to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect.
(2) Civil Penalty for False Information With Respect To Withholding.--If you
make a false statement with no reasonable basis which results in no imposition
of backup withholding, you are subject to a penalty of $500.
(3) Criminal Penalty for Falsifying Information.--Willfully falsifying
certifications or affirmations may subject you to criminal penalties including
fines and/or imprisonment.
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTACT YOUR TAX CONSULTANT OR THE INTERNAL REVENUE
SERVICE.
<PAGE>
GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9
Guidelines for Determining the Proper Name and Identification Number to Give
the Payor.-- The taxpayer identification number for an individual is the
individual's social security number. Social security numbers have nine digits
separated by two hyphens: i.e., 000-00-0000. The taxpayer identification
number for an entity is the entity's employer identification number. Employer
identification numbers have nine digits separated by only one hyphen: i.e.,
00-0000000. The table below will help determine the number to give the payor.
<TABLE>
------------------------------------------------
<CAPTION>
Give the Name and
For this type of Taxpayer Identification
account: number of--
------------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
1. An individual's The individual
account
2. Two or more The actual owner
individuals (joint of the account
account) or, if combined
funds, any one
of the
individuals(1)
3. Husband and wife The actual owner
(joint account) of the account
or, if joint
funds, either
person(1)
4. Custodian account of The minor(2)
a minor
(Uniform Gift to
Minors Act)
5. Adult and minor The adult or, if
(joint account) the minor is the
only
contributor, the
minor(1)
6. Account in the name The ward, minor,
of guardian or incompetent
or committee for a person(3)
designated
ward, minor, or
incompetent person
7.a The usual revocable The grantor-
savings trustee(1)
trust account
(grantor is also
trustee)
b So-called trust The actual
account that is owner(1)
not a legal or valid
trust under
State law
------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
-----
<CAPTION>
Give the Name and
For this type of Taxpayer Identification
account: number of--
-----
<S> <C>
8. Sole proprietorship The owner(4)
account
9. A valid trust, The legal entity
estate, or pension (Do not furnish
trust the identifying
number of the
personal
representative
or trustee
unless the legal
entity itself is
not designated
in the account
title.)(5)
10. Corporate account The corporation
11. Association, club, The organization
religious,
charitable,
educational or
other tax-exempt
organization
account
12. Partnership account The partnership
13. A broker or The broker or
registered nominee nominee
14. Account with the The public
Department of entity
Agriculture in the
name of a public
entity (such as a
State or local
government, school
district, or
prison)
that receives
agricultural
program payments
-----
</TABLE>
(1) List first and circle the name of the person whose number you furnish.
(2) Circle the minor's name and furnish the minor's social security number.
(3) Circle the ward's, minor's or incompetent person's name and furnish such
person's social security number.
(4) Show the name of the owner.
(5) List first and circle the name of the legal trust, estate, or pension
trust.
Note: If no name is circled when there is more than one name, the number will
be considered to be that of the first name listed.
