TEMPLETON INCOME TRUST
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
ADVISOR CLASS
JANUARY 1, 1997
700 CENTRAL AVENUE
ST. PETERSBURG, FL 33701 1-800/DIAL BEN
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE
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How does the Fund Invest its Assets?............................ 2
What are the Fund's Potential Risks?............................ 6
Investment Restrictions......................................... 8
Officers and Trustees........................................... 9
Investment Management and Other Services........................ 15
How does the Fund Buy Securities for its Portfolio?............. 16
How Do I Buy, Sell and Exchange Shares?......................... 17
How are Fund Shares Valued?..................................... 19
Additional Information on Distributions and Taxes............... 20
The Fund's Underwriter.......................................... 23
How does the Fund Measure Performance?.......................... 24
Miscellaneous Information....................................... 27
Financial Statements............................................ 28
Useful Terms and Definitions.................................... 28
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When reading this SAI, you will see certain terms beginning with
capital letters. This means the term is explained under "Useful Terms
and Definitions."
Templeton Income Trust (the "Trust") is an open-end management company with one
non-diversified series, Templeton Global Bond Fund (the "Fund"). Another series
of the Trust, Templeton Money Fund, was liquidated on December 31, 1996, and on
that date Templeton Money Fund shares were exchanged for shares of Franklin
Money Fund. The Fund's investment objective is current income with capital
appreciation and growth of income. The Fund seeks to achieve its objective
through a flexible policy of investing primarily in debt securities of
companies, governments and government agencies of various nations throughout
the world, as well as preferred stock, common stocks which pay dividends,
income-producing securities which are convertible into common stock of such
companies and sponsored and unsponsored American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"),
European Depositary Receipts ("EDRs"), and Global Depositary Receipts ("GDRs")
(collectively, "depositary receipts").
Advisor Class shares are only available for purchase by certain persons,
including, among others, certain financial institutions (such as banks, trust
companies, savings institutions and credit unions); government and tax-exempt
entities; certain pension, profit sharing and employee benefit plans; certain
qualified groups, including family trusts, endowments, foundations and
corporations; Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series; and directors, trustees,
officers and full time employees (and their family members) of Franklin
Templeton Group and the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
The Advisor Class Prospectus, dated January 1, 1997, as may be amended from time
to time, contains the basic information you should know before investing in the
Fund. For a free copy, call 1-800/DIAL BEN or write the Fund at the address
shown.
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THIS SAI IS NOT A PROSPECTUS. IT CONTAINS INFORMATION IN ADDITION TO AND IN MORE
DETAIL THAN SET FORTH IN THE PROSPECTUS. THIS SAI IS INTENDED TO PROVIDE YOU
WITH ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE ACTIVITIES AND OPERATIONS OF THE FUND,
AND SHOULD BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE PROSPECTUS.
MUTUAL FUNDS, ANNUITIES, AND OTHER INVESTMENT PRODUCTS:
- - ARE NOT FEDERALLY INSURED BY THE FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION,
THE FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD, OR ANY OTHER AGENCY OF THE U.S. GOVERNMENT;
- - ARE NOT DEPOSITS OR OBLIGATIONS OF, OR GUARANTEED OR ENDORSED BY, ANY
BANK;
- - ARE SUBJECT TO INVESTMENT RISKS, INCLUDING THE POSSIBLE LOSS OF
PRINCIPAL.
HOW DOES THE FUND INVEST ITS ASSETS?
The following provides more detailed information about some of the securities
the Fund may buy and its investment policies. You should read it together with
the section in the Prospectus entitled "How does the Fund Invest its Assets?"
Repurchase Agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts under which the buyer
of a security simultaneously commits to resell the security to the seller at an
agreed upon price and date. Under a repurchase agreement, the seller is required
to maintain the value of the securities subject to the repurchase agreement at
not less than their repurchase price. TGBM will monitor the value of such
securities daily to determine that the value equals or exceeds the repurchase
price. Repurchase agreements may involve risks in the event of default or
insolvency of the seller, including possible delays or restrictions upon the
Fund's ability to dispose of the underlying securities. The Fund will enter into
repurchase agreements only with parties who meet creditworthiness standards
approved by the Board, i.e., banks or broker-dealers which have been determined
by TGBM to present no serious risk of becoming involved in bankruptcy
proceedings within the time frame contemplated by the repurchase transaction.
Debt Securities. The Fund may invest in debt securities which are rated in any
category by S&P or Moody's. See "Appendices - Corporate Bond Ratings" for a
description of the S&P and Moody's ratings. As an operating policy, the Fund
will invest no more than 5% of its assets in debt securities rated lower than
Baa by Moody's or BBB by S&P. The market value of debt securities generally
varies in response to changes in interest rates and the financial condition of
each issuer. During periods of declining interest rates, the value of debt
securities generally increases. Conversely, during periods of rising interest
rates, the value of such securities generally declines. These changes in market
value will be reflected in the Fund's Net Asset Value.
Although they may offer higher yields than do higher rated securities, high
risk, low rated debt securities (commonly known as junk bonds) and unrated debt
securities generally involve greater volatility of price and risk of principal
and income, including the possibility of default by, or bankruptcy of, the
issuers of the securities. In addition, the markets in which low rated and
unrated debt securities are traded are more limited than those in which higher
rated securities are traded. The
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existence of limited markets for particular securities may diminish the Fund's
ability to sell the securities at fair value either to meet redemption requests
or to respond to a specific economic event such as a deterioration in the
creditworthiness of the issuer. Reduced secondary market liquidity for certain
low rated or unrated debt securities may also make it more difficult for the
Fund to obtain accurate market quotations for the purposes of valuing the Fund's
portfolio. Market quotations are generally available on many low rated or
unrated securities only from a limited number of dealers and may not necessarily
represent firm bids of such dealers or prices for actual sales.
Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental
analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of low rated debt securities,
especially in a thinly traded market. Analysis of the creditworthiness of
issuers of low rated debt securities may be more complex than for issuers of
higher rated securities, and the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment
objective may, to the extent of investment in low rated debt securities, be more
dependent upon such creditworthiness analysis than would be the case if the Fund
were investing in higher rated securities.
Low rated debt securities may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse
economic and competitive industry conditions than investment grade securities.
The prices of low rated debt securities have been found to be less sensitive to
interest rate changes than higher rated investments, but more sensitive to
adverse economic downturns or individual corporate developments. A projection of
an economic downturn or of a period of rising interest rates, for example, could
cause a decline in low rated debt securities prices because the advent of a
recession could lessen the ability of a highly leveraged company to make
principal and interest payments on its debt securities. If the issuer of low
rated debt securities defaults, the Fund may incur additional expenses seeking
recovery.
The Fund may accrue and report interest income on high yield bonds, such as zero
coupon bonds or pay-in-kind securities, even though it receives no cash interest
until the security's maturity or payment date. In order to qualify for
beneficial tax treatment afforded regulated investment companies, and to be
relieved of federal tax liabilities, the Fund must distribute substantially all
of its net income and gains to shareholders (see "Additional Information on
Distributions and Taxes") generally on an annual basis. The Fund may have to
dispose of portfolio securities under disadvantageous circumstances to generate
cash or leverage itself by borrowing cash in order to satisfy the distribution
requirement.
Structured Investments. Included among the issuers of debt securities in which
the Fund may invest are entities organized and operated solely for the purpose
of restructuring the investment characteristics of various securities. These
entities are typically organized by investment banking firms which receive fees
in connection with establishing each entity and arranging for the placement of
its securities. This type of restructuring involves the deposit with or purchase
by an entity, such as a corporation or trust, of specified instruments and the
issuance by that entity of one or more classes of securities ("structured
investments") backed by, or representing interests in, the underlying
instruments. The cash flow on the underlying instruments may be apportioned
among the newly issued structured investments to create securities with
different investment characteristics such as varying maturities, payment
priorities or interest rate provisions; the extent of the payments made with
respect to structured investments is dependent on the extent of the cash flow on
the underlying instruments. Because structured investments of the type in which
the Fund anticipates investing typically involve no credit enhancement, their
credit risk will generally be equivalent to that of the underlying instruments.
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The Fund is permitted to invest in a class of structured investments that is
either subordinated or unsubordinated to the right of payment of another class.
Subordinated structured investments typically have higher yields and present
greater risks than unsubordinated structured investments. Although the Fund's
purchase of subordinated structured investments would have a similar economic
effect to that of borrowing against the underlying securities, the purchase will
not be deemed to be leverage for purposes of the limitations placed on the
extent of the Fund's assets that may be used for borrowing activities.
Certain issuers of structured investments may be deemed to be "investment
companies" as defined in the 1940 Act. As a result, the Fund's investment in
these structured investments may be limited by the restrictions contained in the
1940 Act. Structured investments are typically sold in private placement
transactions, and there currently is no active trading market for structured
investments. To the extent such investments are illiquid, they will be subject
to the Fund's restrictions on investments in illiquid securities.
Futures Contracts. The Fund may purchase and sell financial futures contracts.
Currently, futures contracts are available on several types of fixed-income
securities including: U.S. Treasury bonds, notes and bills, commercial paper and
certificates of deposit.
Although some financial futures contracts call for making or taking delivery of
the underlying securities, in most cases these obligations are closed out before
the settlement date. The closing of a contractual obligation is accomplished by
purchasing or selling an identical offsetting futures contract. Other financial
futures contracts by their terms call for cash settlements.
The Fund may also buy and sell index futures contracts with respect to any stock
or bond index traded on a recognized stock exchange or board of trade. An index
futures contract is a contract to buy or sell units of an index at a specified
future date at a price agreed upon when the contract is made. The stock index
futures contract specifies that no delivery of the actual stocks making up the
index will take place. Instead, settlement in cash must occur upon the
termination of the contract, with the settlement being the difference between
the contract price and the actual level of the stock index at the expiration of
the contract.
At the time the Fund purchases a futures contract, an amount of cash, U.S.
government securities, or other highly liquid debt securities equal to the
market value of the contract will be deposited in a segregated account with the
Fund's custodian. When selling a stock index futures contract, the Fund will
maintain with its custodian liquid assets that, when added to the amounts
deposited with a futures commission merchant or broker as margin, are equal to
the market value of the instruments underlying the contract. Alternatively, the
Fund may "cover" its position by owning the instruments underlying the contract
or, in the case of a stock index futures contract, owning a portfolio with a
volatility substantially similar to that of the index on which the futures
contract is based, or holding a call option permitting the Fund to purchase the
same futures contract at a price no higher than the price of the contract
written by the Fund (or at a higher price if the difference is maintained in
liquid assets with the Fund's custodian).
Options on Securities, Indices and Futures. The Fund may write covered put and
call options and purchase put and call options on securities, securities indices
and futures contracts that are traded on U.S. and foreign exchanges and in the
over-the-counter markets.
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An option on a security or a futures contract is a contract that gives the
purchaser of the option, in return for the premium paid, the right to buy a
specified security or futures contract (in the case of a call option) or to sell
a specified security or futures contract (in the case of a put option) from or
to the writer of the option at a designated price during the term of the option.
An option on a securities index gives the purchaser of the option, in return for
the premium paid, the right to receive from the seller cash equal to the
difference between the closing price of the index and the exercise price of the
option.
The Fund may write a call or put option only if the option is "covered." A call
option on a security or futures contract written by the Fund is "covered" if the
Fund owns the underlying security or futures contract covered by the call or has
an absolute and immediate right to acquire that security without additional cash
consideration (or for additional cash consideration held in a segregated account
by its custodian) upon conversion or exchange of other securities held in its
portfolio. A call option on a security or futures contract is also covered if
the Fund holds a call on the same security or futures contract and in the same
principal amount as the call written where the exercise price of the call held
(a) is equal to or less than the exercise price of the call written or (b) is
greater than the exercise price of the call written if the difference is
maintained by the Fund in cash or high grade U.S. government securities in a
segregated account with its custodian. A put option on a security or futures
contract written by the Fund is "covered" if the Fund maintains cash or fixed
income securities with a value equal to the exercise price in a segregated
account with its custodian, or else holds a put on the same security or futures
contract and in the same principal amount as the put written where the exercise
price of the put held is equal to or greater than the exercise price of the put
written.
The Fund will cover call options on securities indices that it writes by owning
securities whose price changes, in the opinion of TGBM, are expected to be
similar to those of the index, or in such other manner as may be in accordance
with the rules of the exchange on which the option is traded and applicable laws
and regulations. Nevertheless, where the Fund covers a call option on a
securities index through ownership of securities, such securities may not match
the composition of the index. In that event, the Fund will not be fully covered
and could be subject to risk of loss in the event of adverse changes in the
value of the index. The Fund will cover put options on securities indices that
it writes by segregating assets equal to the option's exercise price, or in such
other manner as may be in accordance with the rules of the exchange on which the
option is traded and applicable laws and regulations.
The Fund will receive a premium from writing a put or call option, which
increases its gross income in the event the option expires unexercised or is
closed out at a profit. If the value of a security, index or futures contract on
which the Fund has written a call option falls or remains the same, the Fund
will realize a profit in the form of the premium received (less transaction
costs) that could offset all or a portion of any decline in the value of the
portfolio securities being hedged. If the value of the underlying security,
index or futures contract rises, however, the Fund will realize a loss in its
call option position, which will reduce the benefit of any unrealized
appreciation in its investments. By writing a put option, the Fund assumes the
risk of a decline in the underlying security, index or futures contract. To the
extent that the price changes of the portfolio securities being hedged correlate
with changes in the value of the underlying security, index or futures contract,
writing covered put options will increase the Fund's losses in the event of a
market decline, although such losses will be offset in part by the premium
received for writing the option.
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The Fund may also purchase put options to hedge its investments against a
decline in value. By purchasing a put option, the Fund will seek to offset a
decline in the value of the portfolio securities being hedged through
appreciation of the put option. If the value of the Fund's investments does not
decline as anticipated, or if the value of the option does not increase, its
loss will be limited to the premium paid for the option plus related transaction
costs. The success of this strategy will depend, in part, on the accuracy of the
correlation between the changes in value of the underlying security, index or
futures contract and the changes in value of the Fund's security holdings being
hedged.
The Fund may purchase call options on individual securities or futures contracts
to hedge against an increase in the price of securities or futures contracts
that it anticipates purchasing in the future. Similarly, the Fund may purchase
call options on a securities index to attempt to reduce the risk of missing a
broad market advance, or an advance in an industry or market segment, at a time
when the Fund holds uninvested cash or short-term debt securities awaiting
investment. When purchasing call options, the Fund will bear the risk of losing
all or a portion of the premium paid if the value of the underlying security,
index or futures contract does not rise.
There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist when the Fund seeks to
close out an option position. Trading could be interrupted, for example, because
of supply and demand imbalances arising from a lack of either buyers or sellers,
or the options exchange could suspend trading after the price has risen or
fallen more than the maximum specified by the exchange. Although the Fund may be
able to offset to some extent any adverse effects of being unable to liquidate
an option position, it may experience losses in some cases as a result of such
inability. The value of over-the-counter options purchased by the Fund, as well
as the cover for options written by the Fund, are considered not readily
marketable and are subject to the Trust's limitation on investments in
securities that are not readily marketable. See "Investment Restrictions."
Foreign Currency Hedging Transactions. In order to hedge against foreign
currency exchange rate risks, the Fund may enter into forward foreign currency
exchange contracts and foreign currency futures contracts, as well as purchase
put or call options on foreign currencies, as described below. The Fund may also
conduct its foreign currency exchange transactions on a spot (i.e., cash) basis
at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market.
The Fund may enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts ("forward
contracts") to attempt to minimize the risk to the Fund from adverse changes in
the relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies. A forward
contract is an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency for an agreed
price at a future date which is individually negotiated and privately traded by
currency traders and their customers. The Fund may enter into a forward
contract, for example, when it enters into a contract for the purchase or sale
of a security denominated in a foreign currency in order to "lock in" the U.S.
dollar price of the security. In addition, for example, when the Fund believes
that a foreign currency may suffer or enjoy a substantial movement against
another currency, it may enter into a forward contract to sell an amount of the
former foreign currency approximating the value of some or all of its portfolio
securities denominated in such foreign currency. This second investment practice
is generally referred to as "cross-hedging." Because in connection with the
Fund's forward contracts, an amount of its assets equal to the amount of the
purchase will be held aside or segregated to be used to pay for the commitment,
the Fund will always have cash, cash equivalents or high quality debt securities
available in an amount sufficient to cover any commitments under these contracts
or to limit any potential risk. The segregated account will be marked-to-market
on a daily basis. While these contracts are not presently regulated by the CFTC,
the CFTC may in
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the future assert authority to regulate forward contracts. In such event, the
Fund's ability to utilize forward contracts in the manner set forth above may be
restricted. Forward contracts may limit potential gain from a positive change in
the relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies. Unanticipated
changes in currency prices may result in poorer overall performance for the Fund
than if it had not engaged in such contracts.
The Fund may purchase and write put and call options on foreign currencies for
the purpose of protecting against declines in the dollar value of foreign
portfolio securities and against increases in the dollar cost of foreign
securities to be acquired. As is the case with other kinds of options, however,
the writing of an option on foreign currency will constitute only a partial
hedge up to the amount of the premium received, and the Fund could be required
to purchase or sell foreign currencies at disadvantageous exchange rates,
thereby incurring losses. The purchase of an option on foreign currency may
constitute an effective hedge against fluctuation in exchange rates, although,
in the event of rate movements adverse to its position, the Fund may forfeit the
entire amount of the premium plus related transaction costs. Options on foreign
currencies to be written or purchased by the Fund will be traded on U.S. and
foreign exchanges or over-the-counter.
The Fund may enter into exchange-traded contracts for the purchase or sale for
future delivery of foreign currencies ("foreign currency futures"). This
investment technique will be used only to hedge against anticipated future
changes in exchange rates which otherwise might adversely affect the value of
the Fund's portfolio securities or adversely affect the prices of securities
that the Fund intends to purchase at a later date. The successful use of foreign
currency futures will usually depend on TGBM's ability to forecast currency
exchange rate movements correctly. Should exchange rates move in an unexpected
manner, the Fund may not achieve the anticipated benefits of foreign currency
futures or may realize losses.
WHAT ARE THE FUND'S POTENTIAL RISKS?
The Fund has an unlimited right to purchase securities in any foreign country,
developed or developing, if they are listed on an exchange, as well as a limited
right to purchase such securities if they are unlisted. Investors should
consider carefully the substantial risks involved in securities of companies and
governments of foreign nations, which are in addition to the usual risks
inherent in domestic investments. There may be less publicly available
information about foreign companies comparable to the reports and ratings
published about companies in the U.S. Foreign companies are not generally
subject to uniform accounting or financial reporting standards, and auditing
practices and requirements may not be comparable to those applicable to U.S.
companies. The Fund, therefore, may encounter difficulty in obtaining market
quotations for purposes of valuing its portfolio and calculating its Net Asset
Value. Foreign markets have substantially less volume than the NYSE and
securities of some foreign companies are less liquid and more volatile than
securities of comparable U.S. companies. Commission rates in foreign countries,
which are generally fixed rather than subject to negotiation as in the U.S., are
likely to be higher. In many foreign countries there is less government
supervision and regulation of stock exchanges, brokers and listed companies than
in the U.S.
Investments in companies domiciled in developing countries may be subject to
potentially higher risks than investments in developed countries. These risks
include (i) less social, political and economic stability; (ii) the small
current size of the markets for such securities and the currently low or
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nonexistent volume of trading, which result in a lack of liquidity and in
greater price volatility; (iii) certain national policies which may restrict the
Fund's investment opportunities, including restrictions on investment in issuers
or industries deemed sensitive to national interests; (iv) foreign taxation; (v)
the absence of developed structures governing private or foreign investment or
allowing for judicial redress for injury to private property; (vi) the absence,
until recently in certain Eastern European countries, of a capital market
structure or market-oriented economy; and (vii) the possibility that recent
favorable economic developments in Eastern Europe may be slowed or reversed by
unanticipated political or social events in such countries.
In addition, many countries in which the Fund may invest have experienced
substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of inflation for many
years. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had and may
continue to have negative effects on the economies and securities markets of
certain countries. Moreover, the economies of some developing countries may
differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth
of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, currency depreciation, capital
reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position.
Investments in Eastern European countries may involve risks of nationalization,
expropriation and confiscatory taxation. The Communist governments of a number
of Eastern European countries expropriated large amounts of private property in
the past, in many cases without adequate compensation, and there can be no
assurance that such expropriation will not occur in the future. In the event of
such expropriation, the Fund could lose a substantial portion of any investments
it has made in the affected countries. Further, no accounting standards exist in
Eastern European countries. Finally, even though certain Eastern European
currencies may be convertible into U.S. dollars, the conversion rates may be
artificial to the actual market values and may be adverse to the Fund
shareholders.
Investing in Russian companies involves a high degree of risk and special
considerations not typically associated with investing in the U.S. securities
markets, and should be considered highly speculative. Such risks include: (a)
delays in settling portfolio transactions and risk of loss arising out of
Russia's system of share registration and custody; (b) the risk that it may be
impossible or more difficult than in other countries to obtain and/or enforce a
judgment; (c) pervasiveness of corruption and crime in the Russian economic
system; (d) currency exchange rate volatility and the lack of available currency
hedging instruments; (e) higher rates of inflation (including the risk of social
unrest associated with periods of hyper-inflation); (f) controls on foreign
investment and local practices disfavoring foreign investors and limitations on
repatriation of invested capital, profits and dividends, and on the Fund's
ability to exchange local currencies for U.S. dollars; (g) the risk that the
government of Russia or other executive or legislative bodies may decide not to
continue to support the economic reform programs implemented since the
dissolution of the Soviet Union and could follow radically different political
and/or economic policies to the detriment of investors, including
non-market-oriented policies such as the support of certain industries at the
expense of other sectors or investors, or a return to the centrally planned
economy that existed prior to the dissolution of the Soviet Union; (h) the
financial condition of Russian companies, including large amounts of
inter-company debt which may create a payments crisis on a national scale; (i)
dependency on exports and the corresponding importance of international trade;
(j) the risk that the Russian tax system will not be reformed to prevent
inconsistent, retroactive and/or exorbitant taxation; and (k) possible
difficulty in identifying a purchaser of securities held by the Fund due to the
underdeveloped nature of the securities markets.
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There is little historical data on Russian securities markets because they are
relatively new and a substantial proportion of securities transactions in Russia
are privately negotiated outside of stock exchanges. Because of the recent
formation of the securities markets as well as the underdeveloped state of the
banking and telecommunications systems, settlement, clearing and registration of
securities transactions are subject to significant risks. Ownership of shares
(except where shares are held through depositories that meet the requirements of
the 1940 Act) is defined according to entries in the company's share register
and normally evidenced by extracts from the register or by formal share
certificates. However, there is no central registration system for shareholders
and these services are carried out by the companies themselves or by registrars
located throughout Russia. These registrars are not necessarily subject to
effective state supervision and it is possible for the Fund to lose its
registration through fraud, negligence or even mere oversight. While the Fund
will endeavor to ensure that its interest continues to be appropriately recorded
either itself or through a custodian or other agent inspecting the share
register and by obtaining extracts of share registers through regular
confirmations, these extracts have no legal enforceability and it is possible
that subsequent illegal amendment or other fraudulent act may deprive the Fund
of its ownership rights or improperly dilute its interests. In addition, while
applicable Russian regulations impose liability on registrars for losses
resulting from their errors, it may be difficult for the Fund to enforce any
rights it may have against the registrar or issuer of the securities in the
event of loss of share registration. Furthermore, although a Russian public
enterprise with more than 1,000 shareholders is required by law to contract out
the maintenance of its shareholder register to an independent entity that meets
certain criteria, in practice this regulation has not always been strictly
enforced. Because of this lack of independence, management of a company may be
able to exert considerable influence over who can purchase and sell the
company's shares by illegally instructing the registrar to refuse to record
transactions in the share register. This practice may prevent the Fund from
investing in the securities of certain Russian companies deemed suitable by
TGBM. Further, this also could cause a delay in the sale of Russian company
securities by the Fund if a potential purchaser is deemed unsuitable, which may
expose the Fund to potential loss on the investment.
The Fund endeavors to buy and sell foreign currencies on as favorable a basis as
practicable. Some price spread on currency exchange (to cover service charges)
may be incurred, particularly when the Fund changes investments from one country
to another or when proceeds of the sale of shares in U.S. dollars are used for
the purchase of securities in foreign countries. Also, some countries may adopt
policies which would prevent the Fund from transferring cash out of the country
or withhold portions of interest and dividends at the source. There is the
possibility of cessation of trading on national exchanges, expropriation,
nationalization or confiscatory taxation, withholding and other foreign taxes on
income or other amounts, foreign exchange controls (which may include suspension
of the ability to transfer currency from a given country), default in foreign
government securities, political or social instability, or diplomatic
developments which could affect investments in securities of issuers in foreign
nations.
The Fund may be affected either unfavorably or favorably by fluctuations in the
relative rates of exchange between the currencies of different nations, by
exchange control regulations and by indigenous economic and political
developments. Some countries in which the Fund may invest may also have fixed or
managed currencies that are not free-floating against the U.S. dollar. Further,
certain currencies have experienced a steady devaluation relative to the U.S.
dollar. Any devaluations in the currencies in which the Fund's portfolio
securities are denominated may have a detrimental impact on the Fund. Through
the Fund's flexible policy, management endeavors to avoid unfavorable
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consequences and to take advantage of favorable developments in particular
nations where from time to time it places the Fund's investments.
The exercise of this flexible policy may include decisions to purchase
securities with substantial risk characteristics and other decisions such as
changing the emphasis on investments from one nation to another and from one
type of security to another. Some of these decisions may later prove profitable
and others may not. No assurance can be given that profits, if any, will exceed
losses.
The Board considers at least annually the likelihood of the imposition by any
foreign government of exchange control restrictions which would affect the
liquidity of the Fund's assets maintained with custodians in foreign countries,
as well as the degree of risk from political acts of foreign governments to
which such assets may be exposed. The Board also considers the degree of risk
involved through the holding of portfolio securities in domestic and foreign
securities depositories (see "Investment Management and Other Services -
Shareholder Servicing Agent and Custodian"). However, in the absence of willful
misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of TGBM, any losses
resulting from the holding of the Fund's portfolio securities in foreign
countries and/or with securities depositories will be at the risk of the
shareholders. No assurance can be given that the Board's appraisal of the risks
will always be correct or that such exchange control restrictions or political
acts of foreign governments might not occur.
The Fund's ability to reduce or eliminate its futures and related options
positions will depend upon the liquidity of the secondary markets for such
futures and options. The Fund intends to purchase or sell futures and related
options only on exchanges or boards of trade where there appears to be an active
secondary market, but there is no assurance that a liquid secondary market will
exist for any particular contract or at any particular time. Use of futures and
options for hedging may involve risks because of imperfect correlations between
movements in the prices of the futures or options and movements in the prices of
the securities being hedged. Successful use of futures and related options by
the Fund for hedging purposes also depends upon TGBM's ability to predict
correctly movements in the direction of the market, as to which no assurance can
be given.
Additional risks may be involved with the Fund's special investment techniques,
including loans of portfolio securities and borrowing for investment purposes.
These risks are described under the heading "How does the Fund Invest its
Assets? - Types of Securities in which the Fund May Invest" in the Prospectus.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Fund has adopted the following restrictions as fundamental policies. These
restrictions may not be changed without the approval of a majority of the
outstanding voting securities of the Fund. Under the 1940 Act, this means the
approval of (i) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund or (ii) 67%
or more of the shares of the Fund present at a shareholder meeting if more than
50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund are represented at the meeting in
person or by proxy, whichever is less.
The Fund MAY NOT:
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<PAGE>
1. Invest in real estate or mortgages on real estate (although
the Fund may invest in marketable securities secured by real
estate or interests therein); invest in other open-end
investment companies (except in connection with a merger,
consolidation, acquisition or reorganization); invest in
interests (other than publicly issued debentures or equity
stock interests) in oil, gas or other mineral exploration or
development programs; purchase or sell commodity contracts
(except futures contracts as described in the Fund's
Prospectus).
2. Purchase or retain securities of any company in which trustees
or officers of the Trust or of TGBM, individually owning more
than 1/2 of 1% of the securities of such company, in the
aggregate own more than 5% of the securities of such company.
3. Invest in any company for the purpose of exercising control or
management.
4. Act as an underwriter; issue senior securities; or purchase on
margin or sell short, except that the Fund may make margin
payments in connection with futures, options and currency
transactions.
5. Loan money, except that the Fund may purchase a portion of an
issue of publicly distributed bonds, debentures, notes and
other evidences of indebtedness.
6. Invest more than 5% of the value of its total assets in
securities of issuers which have been in continuous operation
less than three years.
7. Invest more than 15% of its total assets in securities of
foreign companies that are not listed on a recognized U.S. or
foreign securities exchange, including no more than 5% of its
total assets in restricted securities and no more than 10% of
its total assets in restricted securities and other securities
(including repurchase agreements having more than seven days
remaining to maturity) which are not restricted but which are
not readily marketable (i.e., trading in the security is
suspended or, in the case of unlisted securities, market
makers do not exist or will not entertain bids or offers).
8. Invest more than 25% of its total assets in a single industry.
9. Borrow money, except that the Fund may borrow money in amounts
up to 30% of the value of the Fund's net assets. In addition,
the Fund may not pledge, mortgage or hypothecate its assets
for any purpose, except that the Fund may do so to secure such
borrowings and then only to an extent not greater than 15% of
its total assets. Arrangements with respect to margin for
futures contracts are not deemed to be a pledge of assets.
10. Participate on a joint or a joint and several basis in any
trading account in securities. (See "How does the Fund Buy
Securities for its Portfolio?" as to transactions in the same
securities for the Fund, other clients and/or other mutual
funds within the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.)
11. Invest more than 5% of its net assets in warrants whether or
not listed on the NYSE or AMEX, and more than 2% of its net
assets in warrants that are not listed on those
-11-
<PAGE>
exchanges. Warrants acquired in units or attached to
securities are not included in this restriction.
The Fund may also be subject to investment limitations imposed by foreign
jurisdictions in which the Fund sells it shares.
The investment restrictions do not preclude the Fund from purchasing the
securities of any issuer pursuant to the exercise of subscription rights
distributed to the Fund by the issuer, unless such purchase would result in a
violation of restrictions 7 or 8.
If a percentage restriction is met at the time of investment, a later increase
or decrease in the percentage due to a change in value of portfolio securities
or the amount of assets will not be considered a violation of any of the
foregoing restrictions.
OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES
The Board has the responsibility for the overall management of the Fund,
including general supervision and review of its investment activities. The
Board, in turn, elects the officers of the Fund who are responsible for
administering the Fund's day-to-day operations. The affiliations of the officers
and Board members and their principal occupations for the past five years are
shown below. Members of the Board who are considered "interested persons" of the
Trust under the 1940 Act are indicated by an asterisk ("*").
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION
POSITIONS AND OFFICES DURING THE PAST
NAME, ADDRESS AND AGE WITH THE TRUST FIVE YEARS
- --------------------- --------------------- --------------------
<S> <C> <C>
HARRIS J. ASHTON Trustee Chairman of the board, president and chief executive officer of
Metro Center General Host Corporation (nursery and craft centers); director of RBC
1 Station Place Holdings (U.S.A.) Inc. (a bank holding company) and Bar-S Foods; and
Stamford, Connecticut director or trustee of 55 of the investment companies in the Franklin
Age 64 Templeton Group of Funds.
NICHOLAS F. BRADY* Trustee Chairman of Templeton Emerging Markets Investment Trust PLC; chairman of
The Bullitt House Templeton Latin America Investment Trust PLC; chairman of Darby Overseas
102 East Dover Street Investments, Ltd. (an investment firm) (1994-present); chairman and
Easton, Maryland director of Templeton Central and Eastern European Fund; director of the
Age 66 Amerada Hess Corporation, Christiana Companies, and the H.J. Heinz
Company; formerly, Secretary of the United States Department of the
Treasury (1988-1993) and chairman of the board of Dillon, Read & Co.,
Inc. (investment banking) prior to 1988; and director or trustee of 23 of
the investment companies in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
</TABLE>
-12-
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
S. JOSEPH PORTUNATO Trustee Member of the law firm of
200 Campus Drive Pitney, Hardin, Kipp & Szuch;
Florham Park, New Jersey director of General Host
Age 64 Corporation (nursery and
craft centers); and director
or trustee of 57 of the
investment companies in the
Franklin Templeton Group of
Funds.
JOHN Wm. GALBRAITH Trustee President of Galbraith
360 Central Avenue Properties, Inc. (personal
Suite 1300 investment company); director
St. Petersburg, Florida of Gulf West Banks, Inc.
Age 75 (bank holding company) (1995-
present); formerly, director
of Mercantile Bank (1991-
1995), vice chairman of
Templeton, Galbraith &
Hansberger Ltd. (1986-1992)
and chairman of Templeton
Funds Management, Inc. (1974-
1991); and director or
trustee of 22 of the
investment companies in the
Franklin Templeton Group of
Funds.
ANDREW H. HINES, JR. Trustee Consultant for the Triangle
150 2nd Avenue N. Consulting Group; chairman
St. Petersburg, Florida and director of Precise Power
Age 73 Corporation; executive-in-
residence of Eckerd College
(1991-present); director of
Checkers Drive-In
Restaurants, Inc.; formerly,
chairman of the board and
chief executive officer of
Florida Progress Corporation
(1982-1990) and director of
various of its subsidiaries;
and director or trustee of 24
of the investment companies
in the Franklin Templeton
Group of Funds.
CHARLES B. JOHNSON* Chairman of the Board President, chief executive
777 Mariners Island Blvd. and Vice President officer, and director of
San Mateo, California Franklin Resources, Inc.;
Age 63 chairman of the board and
director of Franklin
Advisers, Inc. and Franklin
Templeton Distributors, Inc.;
director of General Host
Corporation (nursery and
craft centers) and Franklin
Templeton Investor Services,
Inc.; and officer and/or
</TABLE>
-13-
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
director, trustee or managing general partner, as the case may be, of
most other subsidiaries of Franklin Resources, Inc. and 56 of the
investment companies in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
BETTY P. KRAHMER Trustee Director or trustee of various civic associations; formerly, economic
2201 Kentmere Parkway analyst, U.S. government; and director or trustee of 23 of the investment
Wilmington, Delaware companies in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
Age 67
GORDON S. MACKLIN Trustee Chairman of White River Corporation (information services); director of
8212 Burning Tree Road Fund America Enterprises Holdings, Inc., MCI Communications Corporation,
Bethesda, Maryland Fusion Systems Corporation, Infovest Corporation, MedImmune, Inc., Source
Age 68 One Mortgage Services Corporation, and Shoppers Express, Inc. (on-line
shopping service); formerly, chairman of Hambrecht and Quist Group,
director of H&Q Healthcare Investors and Lockheed Martin Corporation, and
president of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.; and
director or trustee of 52 of the investment companies in the Franklin
Templeton Group of Funds.
FRED R. MILLSAPS Trustee Manager of personal investments (1978-present); director of various
2665 N.E. 37th Drive business and nonprofit organizations; formerly, chairman and chief
Fort Laurderdale, executive officer of Landmark Banking Corporation (1969-1978), financial
Florida vice president of Florida Power and Light (1965-1969), and vice president
Age 67 of The Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta (1958-1965); and director or
trustee of 24 of the investment companies in the
</TABLE>
-14-
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C> <C>
Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
GREGORY MCGOWAN President Director and executive vice president of Templeton Investment
500 East Broward Blvd. Counsel, Inc.; executive vice president-international development
Fort Lauderdale and chief international general counsel of Templeton Worldwide, Inc.,
Age 47 executive vice president; director and general counsel of Templeton
International, Inc.; executive vice president and secretary of
Templeton Global Advisors Limited; president of other Templeton
Funds; formerly, senior attorney for the U.S. Securities and
Exchange Commission; and an officer of 4 of the investment
companies in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
SAMUEL J. FORESTER, JR. Vice President President of the Templeton Global Bond Managers Division of
500 East Broward Blvd., Templeton Investment Counsel, Inc.; formerly, partner (and
Fort Lauderdale founder) of Forester, Hairston Investment Management (1989-1990),
Age 48 managing director (Mid-East Region) of Merrill Lynch, Pierce,
Fenner & Smith Inc. (1987-1988) and advisor for Saudi Arabian
Monetary Agency (1982-1987); and officer of 10 of the investment
companies in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
RUPERT H. JOHNSON, JR. Vice President Executive vice president and director of Franklin Resources, Inc.
777 Mariners Island Blvd. and Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc.; president and director of
San Mateo, California Franklin Advisers, Inc.; director of Franklin Templeton Investor
Age 56 Services, Inc., and officer and/or director, trustee or managing
general partner, as the case may be, of most other subsidiaries
of Franklin Resources, Inc. and 60 of the
</TABLE>
-15-
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
investment companies in
the Franklin Templeton
Group of Funds.
HARMON E. BURNS Vice President Executive vice president,
777 Mariners Island secretary and director of
Blvd. Franklin Resources, Inc.;
San Mateo, California executive vice president
Age 51 and director of Franklin
Templeton Distributors,
Inc.; executive vice
president of Franklin
Advisers, Inc., officer
and/or director, as the
case may be, of other
subsidiaries of Franklin
Resources, Inc.; and
officer and/or director
or trustee of 60 of the
investment companies in
the Franklin Templeton
Group of Funds.
CHARLES E. JOHNSON Vice President Senior vice president and
500 E. Broward Blvd. director of Franklin
Fort Lauderdale, Florida Resources, Inc.; senior
Age 40 vice president of
Franklin Templeton
Distributors, Inc.;
president and chief
executive officer of
Templeton Worldwide,
Inc.; president and
director of Franklin
Institutional Services
Corporation; chairman of
the board of Templeton
Investment Counsel, Inc.;
officer and/or director,
as the case may be, of
other subsidiaries of
Franklin Resources, Inc.;
and officer and/or
director or trustee of 39
of the investment
companies in the Franklin
Templeton Group of Funds.
DEBORAH R. GATZEK Vice President Senior vice president and
777 Mariners Island general counsel of
Blvd. Franklin Resources, Inc.;
San Mateo, California senior vice president of
Age 47 Franklin Templeton
Distributors, Inc.; vice
president of Franklin
Advisers, Inc.; and
officer of 60 of the
investment companies in
the Franklin Templeton
Group of Funds.
MARK G. HOLOWESKO Vice President President and director of
Lyford Cay Templeton Global Advisors
Nassau, Bahamas Limited; chief investment
Age 36 officer of global equity
</TABLE>
-16-
<PAGE>
research for Templeton Worldwide,
Inc.; president or vice president
of the Templeton Funds; formerly,
investment administrator with Roy
West Trust Corporation (Bahamas)
Limited (1984-1985); and officer of
23 of the investment companies in
the Franklin Templeton Group of
Funds
MARTIN L. FLANAGAN Vice President Senior vice president, treasurer
777 Mariners Island Blvd. and chief financial officer of
San Mateo, California Franklin Resources, Inc.; director
Age 36 and executive vice president of
Templeton Investment Counsel, Inc.;
a member of the International
Society of Financial Analysts and
the American Institute of Certified
Public Accountants; formerly, with
Arthur Andersen & Company
(1982-1983); officer and/or
director, as the case may be, of
other subsidiaries of Franklin
Resources, Inc.; and officer and/or
director or trustee of 60 of the
investment companies in the
Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
JOHN R. KAY Vice President Vice president and treasurer of
500 East Broward Blvd. Templeton Global Investors, Inc.
Fort Lauderdale, and Templeton Worldwide, Inc.;
Florida assistant vice president of
Age 56 Franklin Templeton Distributors,
Inc.; formerly, vice president and
controller of the Keystone Group,
Inc.; and officer of 27 of the
investment companies in the
Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
NEIL S. DEVLIN Vice President
500 East Broward Blvd. Senior vice president, Portfolio
Fort Lauderdale, Management/Research, of the
Florida Templeton Global Bond Managers
Age 39 division of Templeton Investment
Counsel, Inc.; formerly, portfolio
manager and bond analyst for
Constitutional Capital
-17-
<PAGE>
Management (1985-1987), and a
bond trader and research
analyst for Bank of New
England (1982-1985); and
officer of 4 of the
investment companies in the
Franklin Templeton Group of
Funds.
THOMAS LATTA Vice President Vice President of the
500 East Broward Blvd. Templeton Global Bond
Fort Lauderdale, Managers division of
Florida Templeton Investment Counsel,
Age 36 Inc., formerly, portfolio
manager at Forester &
Bairston (1988-1991) and
investment advisor at
Merrill, Lynch, Pierce,
Fenner & Smith, Inc. (1981-
1988).
ELIZABETH M. KNOBLOCK Vice President - General counsel, secretary
500 East Broward Blvd. Compliance and a senior vice president
Fort Lauderdale, of Templeton Investment
Florida Counsel, Inc.; formerly, vice
Age 41 president and associate
general counsel of Kidder
Peabody & Co. Inc. (1989-
1990), assistant general
counsel of Gruntal & Co.,
Inc. (1988), vice president
and associate general
counsel of Shearson Lehman
Hutton Inc. (1988), vice
president and assistant
general counsel of E.F.
Hutton & Co. Inc. (1986-
1988), and special counsel
of the division of investment
management of the Securities
and Exchange Commission
(1984-1986); and officer of
23 of the investment
companies in the Franklin
Templeton Group of Funds.
JAMES R. BAIO Treasurer Certified public accountant;
500 East Broward Blvd. senior vice president of
Fort Lauderdale, Templeton Worldwide, Inc.,
Florida and Templeton Funds Trust
Age 42 Company; formerly, senior tax
manager with Ernst & Young
(certified public
accountants) (1977-1989); and
treasurer of 23 of the
investment companies in the
Franklin Templeton Group of
-18-
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
Funds.
BARBARA J. GREEN Secretary Senior vice president of Templeton Worldwide, Inc. and an officer of other
500 East Broward Blvd. subsidiaries of Templeton Worldwide, Inc.; formerly, deputy director of
Fort Laurderdale, the Division of Investment Management, executive assistant and senior
Florida advisor to the chairman, counsellor to the chairman, special counsel
Age 49 and attorney fellow, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (1986-1995),
attorney, Rogers & Wells, and judicial clerk, U.S. District Court
(District of Massachusetts); and secretary of 23 of the investment
companies in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
</TABLE>
* Nicholas F. Brady and Charles B. Johnson are "interested persons" of the
Trust under the 1940 Act, which limits the percentage of interested persons
that can comprise a fund's board. Charles B. Johnson is an interested
person due to his ownership interest in Resources. Mr. Brady's status as
an interested person results from his business affiliations with
Resources and Templeton Global Advisors Limited. Mr. Brady and Resources
are both limited parnters of Darby Overseas Partners,L.P. ("Darby
Overseas"). Mr. Brady established Darby Overseas in February 1994, and is
Chairman and shareholder of the corporate general partner of Darby
Overseas. In addition, Darby Overseas and Templeton Global Advisors
Limited are limited partners of Darby Emerging Markets Fund, L.P. The
remaining Board members of the Trust are not interested persons (the
"independent members of the Board").
The table above shows the officers and Board members who are affiliated with
Distributors and TGBM. Nonaffiliated members of the Board and Mr. Brady are
currently paid an annual retainer and/or fees for attendance at Board and
Committee meetings, the amount of which is based on the level of assets in the
Fund. Accordingly, the Trust currently pays the independent members of the Board
and Mr. Brady an annual retainer of $2,500 and a fee of $200 per meeting of the
Board and its portion of a flat fee of $2,000 for each Audit Committee meeting
and/or Nominating and Compensation Committee meeting attended. As shown above,
some of the nonaffiliated Board members also serve as directors, trustees or
managing general partners of other investment companies in the Franklin
Templeton Group of Funds. They may receive fees from these funds for their
services. The following table provides the total fees paid to nonaffiliated
Board members and Mr. Brady by the Trust and by other funds in the Franklin
Templeton Group of Funds.
-19-
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF
BOARDS IN THE
TOTAL FEES FRANKLIN
RECEIVED FROM TEMPLETON GROUP
TOTAL FEES THE FRANKLIN OF FUNDS ON
RECEIVED FROM TEMPLETON GROUP WHICH EACH
NAME THE TRUST(A) OF FUNDS(B) SERVES(C)
- ---- ------------- --------------- ---------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Harris J.Ashton $3,400 $339,592 55
Nicholas F. Brady $3,400 119,275 23
F. Bruce Clarke(D) $3,686 69,500 0
Hasso-G von
Diergardt-Naglo(E) $3,400 66,375 0
S. Joseph Fortunato $3,400 356,412 57
John Wm. Galbraith $3,386 102,475 22
Andrew H. Hines, Jr. $3,820 130,525 24
Betty P. Krahmer $3,400 119,275 23
Gordon S. Macklin $3,534 331,542 52
Fred R. Millsaps $3,686 130,525 24
</TABLE>
- -------------------
(A) For the fiscal year ended August 31, 1996.
(B) For the calendar year ended December 31, 1996.
(C) We base the number of boards on the number of registered investment
companies in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds. This number does not
include the total number of series or funds within each investment company
for which the Board members are responsible. The Franklin Templeton Group of
Funds currently includes 61 registered investment companies, with
approximately 171 U.S. based funds or series.
(D) Mr. Clarke resigned as a director on October 20, 1996.
(E) Mr. von Diergardt resigned as a director on December 31, 1996.
Nonaffiliated members of the Board and Mr. Brady are reimbursed for expenses
incurred in connection with attending board meetings, and paid pro rata by each
fund in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds for which they serve as director,
trustee or managing general partner. No officer or Board member received any
other compensation, including pension or retirement benefits, directly or
indirectly from the Trust or other funds in the Franklin Templeton Group of
Funds. Certain officers or Board members who are shareholders of Resources may
be deemed to receive indirect remuneration by virtue of their participation, if
any, in the fees paid to its subsidiaries.
As of December 1, 1996, the officers and Board members, as a group, owned of
record and beneficially approximately 1,896 shares, or less than 1% of each
class of the Fund's total outstanding shares. Many of the Board members also own
shares in other funds in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds. Charles B.
Johnson and Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. are brothers and the father and uncle,
respectively, of Charles E. Johnson.
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<PAGE>
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND OTHER SERVICES
Investment Manager and Services Provided. The Fund's investment manager is TGBM.
TGBM provides investment research and portfolio management services, including
the selection of securities for the Fund to buy, hold or sell and the selection
of brokers through whom the Fund's portfolio transactions are executed. TGBM's
activities are subject to the review and supervision of the Board to whom TGBM
renders periodic reports of the Fund's investment activities. TGBM is covered by
fidelity insurance on its officers, directors and employees for the protection
of the Fund.
TGBM and its affiliates act as investment manager to numerous other investment
companies and accounts. TGBM may give advice and take action with respect to any
of the other funds it manages, or for its own account, that may differ from
action taken by TGBM on behalf of the Fund. Similarly, with respect to the Fund,
TGBM is not obligated to recommend, buy or sell, or to refrain from
recommending, buying or selling any security that TGBM and access persons, as
defined by the 1940 Act, may buy or sell for its or their own account or for the
accounts of any other fund. TGBM is not obligated to refrain from investing in
securities held by the Fund or other funds that it manages. Of course, any
transactions for the accounts of TGBM and other access persons will be made in
compliance with the Fund's Code of Ethics. Please see "Miscellaneous Information
- - Summary of Code of Ethics."
Management Fees. Under its management agreement, the Fund pays TGBM a monthly
management fee equal to an annual rate of 0.50% of its average daily net assets,
reduced to 0.45% of such net assets in excess of $200,000,000 and further
reduced to 0.40% of such net assets in excess of $1,300,000,000. Each class pays
its proportionate share of the management fee.
For the fiscal years ended August 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994, management fees
totaling $968,182, $989,493 and $1,040,324, respectively, were paid to TGBM.
Management Agreement. The management agreement may continue in effect for
successive annual periods if its continuance is specifically approved at least
annually by a vote of the Board or by a vote of the holders of a majority of the
Fund's outstanding voting securities, and in either event by a majority vote of
the Board members who are not parties to the management agreement or interested
persons of any such party (other than as members of the Board), cast in person
at a meeting called for that purpose. The management agreement may be terminated
without penalty at any time by the Board or by a vote of the holders of a
majority of the Fund's outstanding voting securities, or by TGBM on 60 days'
written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment,
as defined in the 1940 Act.
Administrative Services. FT Services (and, prior to October 1, 1996, Templeton
Global Investors, Inc.) provides certain administrative services and facilities
for the Fund. These include preparing and maintaining books, records, and tax
and financial reports, and monitoring compliance with regulatory requirements.
FT Services is a wholly owned subsidiary of Resources.
Under its administration agreement, the Trust pays FT Services a monthly
administration fee equal to an annual rate of 0.15% of the Trust's average daily
net assets up to $200 million, 0.135% of average daily net assets over $200
million up to $700 million, 0.10% of average daily net assets over $700 million
up to $1.2 billion, and 0.075% of average daily net assets over $1.2 billion.
The fee is allocated between the two series of shares of the Trust, the Fund and
Templeton Money Fund, according to their respective average daily net assets.
During the fiscal years ended August 31, 1996,
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<PAGE>
1995, and 1994, the Fund paid to Templeton Global Investors, Inc. administration
fees totaling $278,143, $282,007 and $300,111, respectively.
Shareholder Servicing Agent. Investor Services, a wholly owned subsidiary of
Resources, is the Fund's shareholder servicing agent and acts as the Fund's
transfer agent and dividend-paying agent. Investor Services is compensated on
the basis of a fixed fee per account.
Custodian. The Chase Manhattan Bank, at its principal office at MetroTech
Center, Brooklyn, NY 11245, and at the offices of its branches and agencies
throughout the world, acts as custodian of the Fund's assets. The custodian does
not participate in decisions relating to the purchase and sale of portfolio
securities.
Auditors. McGladrey & Pullen, LLP, 555 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10017, are the
Fund's independent auditors. During the fiscal year ended August 31, 1996, their
auditing services consisted of rendering an opinion on the financial statements
of the Fund included in the Fund's Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal
year ended August 31, 1996, and review of the Fund's filings with the SEC and
the IRS. Advisor Class shares of the Fund were not offered to the public before
January 1, 1997.
HOW DOES THE FUND BUY SECURITIES FOR ITS PORTFOLIO?
The selection of brokers and dealers to execute transactions in the Fund's
portfolio is made by TGBM in accordance with criteria set forth in the
investment management agreement and any directions that the Board may give.
When placing a portfolio transaction, TGBM seeks to obtain prompt execution of
orders at the most favorable net price. When portfolio transactions are done on
a securities exchange, the amount of commission paid by the Fund is negotiated
between TGBM and the broker executing the transaction. The determination and
evaluation of the reasonableness of the brokerage commissions paid in connection
with portfolio transactions are based to a large degree on the professional
opinions of the persons responsible for the placement and review of the
transactions. These opinions are based on the experience of these individuals in
the securities industry and information available to them about the level of
commissions being paid by other institutional investors of comparable size. TGBM
will ordinarily place orders to buy and sell over-the-counter securities on a
principal rather than agency basis with a principal market maker unless, in the
opinion of TGBM, a better price and execution can otherwise be obtained.
Purchases of portfolio securities from underwriters will include a commission or
concession paid by the issuer to the underwriter, and purchases from dealers
will include a spread between the bid and ask price.
In placing orders to effect transactions for the Fund, TGBM may pay to
particular brokers commissions that are higher than another broker might charge,
if TGBM determines in good faith that the amount of commission paid is
reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services to be
received, viewed in terms of the particular transaction or TGBM's overall
responsibilities with respect to client accounts for which TGBM exercises
investment discretion. Services received by TGBM may include, among other
things, information relating to particular companies, markets or countries,
local, regional, national or transnational economies, statistical data,
quotations and other securities pricing information and other information which
provide lawful and appropriate assistance to TGBM in carrying out its
investment advisory responsibilities. The services received may not always
be of direct benefit to the Fund, but must be of value to TGBM in carrying
out its overall responsibilities to its clients.
-22-
<PAGE>
It is not possible to place a dollar value on the special executions or on the
research services received by TGBM from dealers effecting transactions in
portfolio securities. The allocation of transactions in order to obtain
additional research services permits TGBM to supplement its own research and
analysis activities and to receive the views and information of individuals and
research staff of other securities firms. As long as it is lawful and
appropriate to do so, TGBM and its affiliates may use this research and data in
their investment advisory capacities with other clients. If the Fund's officers
are satisfied that the best execution is obtained, consistent with internal
policies the sale of Fund shares, as well as shares of other funds in the
Franklin Templeton Group of Funds, may also be considered a factor in the
selection of broker-dealers to execute the Fund's portfolio transactions.
Because Distributors is a member of the NASD, it may sometimes receive certain
fees when the Fund tenders portfolio securities pursuant to a tender-offer
solicitation. As a means of recapturing brokerage for the benefit of the Fund,
any portfolio securities tendered by the Fund will be tendered through
Distributors if it is legally permissible to do so. In turn, the next investment
management fee payable to TGBM will be reduced by the amount of any fees
received by Distributors in cash, less any costs and expenses incurred in
connection with the tender.
If purchases or sales of securities of the Fund and one or more other investment
companies or clients supervised by TGBM are considered at or about the same
time, transactions in these securities will be allocated among the several
investment companies and clients in a manner deemed equitable to all by TGBM,
taking into account the respective sizes of the funds and the amount of
securities to be purchased or sold. In some cases this procedure could have a
detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security so far as the Fund is
concerned. In other cases it is possible that the ability to participate in
volume transactions and to negotiate lower brokerage commissions will be
beneficial to the Fund.
Sale or purchase of securities, without payment of brokerage commissions, fees
(except customary transfer fees) or other remuneration in connection therewith,
may be effected between any of these funds, or between funds and private
clients, under procedures adopted pursuant to Rule 17a-7 under the 1940 Act.
During the fiscal years ended August 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994, the Fund paid
brokerage commissions totaling $0, $0 and $32,000, respectively.
As of August 31, 1996, the Fund did not own securities of its regular
broker-dealers.
HOW DO I BUY, SELL AND EXCHANGE SHARES?
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON BUYING SHARES
Securities laws of states where the Fund offers its shares may differ from
federal law. Banks and financial institutions that sell shares of the Fund may
be required by state law to register as Securities Dealers.
When you buy shares, if you submit a check or a draft that is returned unpaid to
the Fund we may impose a $10 charge against your account for each returned item.
Reinvestment Date. Shares acquired through the reinvestment of dividends will be
purchased at the Net Asset Value determined on the business day following the
dividend record date (sometimes known as the "ex-dividend date"). The processing
date for the reinvestment of dividends may vary and does not affect the amount
or value of the shares acquired.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON EXCHANGING SHARES
If you request the exchange of the total value of your account, declared but
unpaid income dividends and capital gain distributions will be exchanged into
the new fund and will be invested at Net Asset Value. Backup withholding and
information reporting may apply. Information regarding the possible tax
consequences of an exchange is included in the tax section in this SAI and in
the Prospectus.
If a substantial number of shareholders should, within a short period, sell
their shares of the Fund under the exchange privilege, the Fund might have to
sell portfolio securities it might otherwise hold and incur the additional costs
related to such transactions. On the other hand, increased use of the exchange
privilege may result in periodic large inflows of money. If this occurs, it is
the Fund's general policy to initially invest this money in short-term,
interest-bearing money market instruments, unless it is believed that attractive
investment opportunities consistent with the Fund's investment objective exist
immediately. This money will then be withdrawn from the short-term money market
instruments and invested in portfolio securities in as orderly a manner as is
possible when attractive investment opportunities arise.
The proceeds from the sale of shares of an investment company are generally not
available until the fifth business day following the sale. The funds you are
seeking to exchange into may delay issuing shares pursuant to an exchange until
that fifth business day. The sale of Fund shares to complete an exchange will be
effected at Net Asset Value at the close of business on the day the request for
exchange is received in proper form. Please see "May I Exchange Shares for
Shares of Another Fund?" in the Prospectus.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON SELLING SHARES
Systematic Withdrawal Plan. There are no service charges for establishing or
maintaining a systematic withdrawal plan. Once your plan is established, any
distributions paid by the Fund will be automatically reinvested in your account.
Payments under the plan will be made from the redemption of an equivalent amount
of shares in your account, generally on the 25th day of the month in which a
payment is scheduled.
Redeeming shares through a systematic withdrawal plan may reduce or exhaust the
shares in your account if payments exceed distributions received from the Fund.
This is especially likely to occur if
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there is a market decline. If a withdrawal amount exceeds the value of your
account, your account will be closed and the remaining balance in your account
will be sent to you. Because the amount withdrawn under the plan may be more
than your actual yield or income, part of the payment may be a return of your
investment.
The Fund may discontinue a systematic withdrawal plan by notifying you in
writing and will automatically discontinue a systematic withdrawal plan if all
shares in your account are withdrawn or if the Fund receives notification of the
shareholder's death or incapacity.
Through Your Securities Dealer. If you sell shares through your Securities
Dealer, it is your dealer's responsibility to transmit the order to the Fund in
a timely fashion. Any loss to you resulting from your dealer's failure to do so
must be settled between you and your Securities Dealer.
Redemptions in Kind. The Fund has committed itself to pay in cash (by check) all
requests for redemption by any shareholder of record, limited in amount,
however, during any 90-day period to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the value
of the Fund's net assets at the beginning of the 90-day period. This commitment
is irrevocable without the prior approval of the SEC. In the case of redemption
requests in excess of these amounts, the Board reserves the right to make
payments in whole or in part in securities or other assets of the Fund, in case
of an emergency, or if the payment of such a redemption in cash would be
detrimental to the existing shareholders of the Fund. In these circumstances,
the securities distributed would be valued at the price used to compute the
Fund's net assets and you may incur brokerage fees in converting the securities
to cash. The Fund does not intend to redeem illiquid securities in kind. If this
happens, however, you may not be able to recover your investment in a timely
manner.
GENERAL INFORMATION
If dividend checks are returned to the Fund marked "unable to forward" by the
postal service, we will consider this a request by you to change your dividend
option to reinvest all distributions. The proceeds will be reinvested in
additional shares at Net Asset Value until we receive new instructions.
If mail is returned as undeliverable or we are unable to locate you or verify
your current mailing address, we may deduct the costs of our efforts to find you
from your account. These costs may include a percentage of the account when a
search company charges a percentage fee in exchange for its location services.
All checks, drafts, wires and other payment mediums used to buy or sell shares
of the Fund must be denominated in U.S. dollars. We may, in our sole discretion,
either (a) reject any order to buy or sell shares denominated in any other
currency or (b) honor the transaction or make adjustments to your account for
the transaction as of a date and with a foreign currency exchange factor
determined by the drawee bank.
Special Services. The Franklin Templeton Institutional Services Department
provides specialized services, including recordkeeping, for institutional
investors. The cost of these services is not borne by the Fund.
Investor Services may pay certain financial institutions that maintain omnibus
accounts with the Fund on behalf of numerous beneficial owners for recordkeeping
operations performed with respect to such
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owners. For each beneficial owner in the omnibus account, the Fund may reimburse
Investor Services an amount not to exceed the per account fee that the Fund
normally pays Investor Services. These financial institutions may also charge a
fee for their services directly to their clients.
Certain shareholder servicing agents may be authorized to accept your
transaction request.
HOW ARE FUND SHARES VALUED?
We calculate the Net Asset Value per share of each class as of the scheduled
close of the NYSE, generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, each day that the NYSE is
open for trading. As of the date of this SAI, the Fund is informed that the NYSE
observes the following holidays: New Year's Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday,
Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
For the purpose of determining the aggregate net assets of the Fund, cash and
receivables are valued at their realizable amounts. Interest is recorded as
accrued and dividends are recorded on the ex-dividend date. Portfolio securities
listed on a securities exchange or on the NASDAQ National Market System for
which market quotations are readily available are valued at the last quoted sale
price of the day or, if there is no such reported sale, within the range of the
most recent quoted bid and ask prices. Over-the-counter portfolio securities are
valued within the range of the most recent quoted bid and ask prices. Portfolio
securities that are traded both in the over-the-counter market and on a stock
exchange are valued according to the broadest and most representative market as
determined by TGBM.
Trading in securities on European and Far Eastern securities exchanges and
over-the-counter markets is normally completed well before the close of business
of the NYSE on each day that the NYSE is open. Trading in European or Far
Eastern securities generally, or in a particular country or countries, may not
take place on every NYSE business day. Furthermore, trading takes place in
various foreign markets on days that are not business days for the NYSE and on
which the Net Asset Value of each class is not calculated. Thus, the calculation
of the Net Asset Value of each class does not take place contemporaneously with
the determination of the prices of many of the portfolio securities used in the
calculation and, if events materially affecting the values of these foreign
securities occur, the securities will be valued at fair value as determined by
management and approved in good faith by the Board.
Generally, trading in corporate bonds, U.S. government securities and money
market instruments is substantially completed each day at various times before
the scheduled close of the NYSE. The value of these securities used in computing
the Net Asset Value of each class is determined as of such times. Occasionally,
events affecting the values of these securities may occur between the times at
which they are determined and the scheduled close of the NYSE that will not be
reflected in the computation of the Net Asset Value of each class. If events
materially affecting the values of these securities occur during this period,
the securities will be valued at their fair value as determined in good faith by
the Board.
Other securities for which market quotations are readily available are valued at
the current market price, which may be obtained from a pricing service, based on
a variety of factors including recent trades, institutional size trading in
similar types of securities (considering yield, risk and maturity)
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and/or developments related to specific issues. Securities and other assets for
which market prices are not readily available are valued at fair value as
determined following procedures approved by the Board. With the approval of the
Board, the Fund may utilize a pricing service, bank or Securities Dealer to
perform any of the above described functions.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
DISTRIBUTIONS
You may receive two types of distributions from the Fund:
1. Income dividends. The Fund receives income generally in the form of interest
and other income derived from its investments. This income, less the expenses
incurred in the Fund's operations, is its net investment income from which
income dividends may be distributed. Thus, the amount of dividends paid per
share may vary with each distribution.
2. Capital gain distributions. The Fund may derive capital gains or losses in
connection with sales or other dispositions of its portfolio securities.
Distributions by the Fund derived from net short-term and net long-term capital
gains (after taking into account any capital loss carryforward or post October
loss deferral) may generally be made once a year in December to reflect any net
short-term and net long-term capital gains realized by the Fund as of October 31
of the current fiscal year and any undistributed capital gains from the prior
fiscal year. The Fund may make more than one distribution derived from net
short-term and net long-term capital gains in any year or adjust the timing of
these distributions for operational or other reasons.
TAXES
As stated in the Prospectus, the Fund has elected and qualified to be treated as
a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. The Fund intends
normally to pay a monthly dividend representing its net investment income and to
distribute at least annually any net realized capital gain. The status of the
Fund as a regulated investment company does not involve government supervision
of management or of its investment practices or policies. As a regulated
investment company, the Fund generally will be relieved of liability for U.S.
federal income tax on that portion of its net investment income and net realized
capital gains which it distributes to its shareholders. Amounts not distributed
on a timely basis in accordance with a calendar year distribution requirement
are also subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax. To avoid application of the
excise tax, the Fund intends to distribute in accordance with the calendar year
distribution requirement.
The Board reserves the right not to maintain the qualification of the Fund as a
regulated investment company if it determines this course of action to be
beneficial to shareholders. In that case, the Fund will be subject to federal
and possibly state corporate taxes on its taxable income and gains, and
distributions to shareholders will be taxable to the extent of the Fund's
available earnings and profits.
Dividends from net investment income and distributions from short-term capital
gains (the excess of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital
losses) are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Distributions from net
investment income may be eligible for the corporate dividends received deduction
to the extent attributable to the Fund's qualifying dividend income. However,
the
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alternative minimum tax applicable to corporations may reduce the benefit of the
dividends received deduction. Distributions from net long-term capital gains
(the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses)
designated by the Fund as capital gain dividends are taxable to shareholders as
long-term capital gains, regardless of the length of time the Fund's shares have
been held by a shareholder, and are not eligible for the dividends received
deduction. Generally, dividends and distributions are taxable to shareholders,
whether received in cash or reinvested in shares of the Fund. Any distributions
that are not from the Fund's investment company taxable income or net capital
gain may be characterized as a return of capital to shareholders or, in some
cases, as capital gain. Shareholders will be notified annually as to the federal
tax status of dividends and distributions they received and any tax withheld
thereon.
Debt securities purchased by the Fund may be treated for federal income tax
purposes as having original issue discount. Original issue discount essentially
represents interest for federal tax purposes and can be defined generally as the
excess of the stated redemption price at maturity over the issue price. Original
issue discount, whether or not any income is actually received by the Fund, is
treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as income earned by the Fund, and
therefore is subject to the distribution requirements of the Code. Generally,
the amount of original issue discount included in the income of the Fund each
year is determined on the basis of a constant yield to maturity which takes into
account the compounding of accrued but unpaid interest.
In addition, debt securities may be purchased by the Fund at a discount which
exceeds the original issue discount remaining on the securities, if any, at the
time the Fund purchased the securities. This additional discount represents
market discount for federal income tax purposes. In the case of any debt
security having a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of
issue and having market discount, the gain realized on disposition will be
treated as interest for most purposes of the Code to the extent it does not
exceed the accrued market discount on the security (unless the Fund elects for
all its debt securities having a fixed maturity date of more than one year from
the date of issue to include market discount in income in tax years to which it
is attributable). Generally, market discount accrues on a daily basis. In the
case of any debt security having a fixed maturity date of not more than one year
from the date of issue, the gain realized on disposition will be treated as
short-term capital gain. Market discount on securities with a fixed maturity
date not exceeding one year from the date of issue generally is included in
income on a ratable basis.
The Fund may invest in shares of foreign corporations which may be classified
under the Code as passive foreign investment companies ("PFICs"). In general, a
foreign corporation is classified as a PFIC for a taxable year if at least
one-half of its assets constitute investment-type assets or 75% or more of its
gross income is investment-type income. If the Fund receives a so-called "excess
distribution" with respect to PFIC stock, the Fund itself may be subject to a
tax on a portion of the excess distribution, whether or not the corresponding
income is distributed by the Fund to shareholders. In general, under the PFIC
rules, an excess distribution is treated as having been realized ratably over
the period during which the Fund held the PFIC shares. The Fund itself will be
subject to tax on the portion, if any, of an excess distribution that is so
allocated to prior Fund taxable years and an interest factor will be added to
the tax, as if the tax had been payable in such prior taxable years. Certain
distributions from a PFIC as well as gain from the sale of PFIC shares are
treated as excess distributions. Excess distributions are characterized as
ordinary income even though, absent application of the PFIC rules, certain
excess distributions might have been classified as capital gain.
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The Fund may be eligible to elect alternative tax treatment with respect to PFIC
shares. Under an election that currently is available in some circumstances, the
Fund generally would be required to include in its gross income its share of the
earnings of a PFIC on a current basis, regardless of whether distributions are
received from the PFIC in a given year. If this election were made, the special
rules, discussed above, relating to the taxation of excess distributions, would
not apply. In addition, another election may be available that would involve
marking to market the Fund's PFIC shares at the end of each taxable year (and on
certain other dates prescribed in the Code), with the result that unrealized
gains are treated as though they were realized. If this election were made, tax
at the fund level under the PFIC rules would generally be eliminated, but the
Fund could, in limited circumstances, incur nondeductible interest charges. The
Fund's intention to qualify annually as a regulated investment company may limit
its elections with respect to PFIC shares.
Certain of the options, futures contracts and forward contracts in which the
Fund may invest are "section 1256 contracts." Gains or losses on section 1256
contracts generally are considered 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital
gains or losses ("60/40"); however, foreign currency gains or losses (as
discussed below) arising from certain section 1256 contracts may be treated as
ordinary income or loss. Also, section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the
end of each taxable year (and, with certain exceptions, for purposes of the 4%
excise tax, on October 31 of each year) are "marked-to-market" with the result
that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized.
Generally, the hedging transactions undertaken by the Fund may result in
"straddles" for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The straddle rules may affect
the character of gains (or losses) realized by the Fund. In addition, losses
realized by the Fund on positions that are part of a straddle may be deferred
under the straddle rules, rather than being taken into account in calculating
the taxable income for the taxable year in which the losses are realized.
Because only a few regulations implementing the straddle rules have been
promulgated, the tax consequences to the Fund of hedging transactions are not
entirely clear. The hedging transactions may increase the amount of short-term
capital gain realized by the Fund which is taxed as ordinary income when
distributed to shareholders.
The Fund may make one or more of the elections available under the Code which
are applicable to straddles. If the Fund makes any of the elections, the amount,
character, and timing of the recognition of gains or losses from the affected
straddle positions will be determined under rules that vary according to the
elections made. The rules applicable under certain of the elections may operate
to accelerate the recognition of gains or losses from the affected straddle
positions.
Because application of the straddle rules may affect the character of gains or
losses, defer losses and/or accelerate the recognition of gains or losses from
the affected straddle positions, the amount which must be distributed to
shareholders and which will be taxed to shareholders as ordinary income or
long-term capital gain may be increased or decreased as compared to the Fund
that did not engage in such hedging transactions.
Requirements relating to the Fund's tax status as a regulated investment company
may limit the extent to which the Fund will be able to engage in such
transactions in options, futures and forward contracts.
Under the Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates
which occur between the time the Fund accrues income or other receivables or
accrues expenses or other liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and the
time the Fund actually collects such receivables or pays
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such liabilities generally are treated as ordinary income or ordinary loss.
Similarly, on disposition of debt securities denominated in a foreign currency
and on disposition of certain financial contracts and options, gains or losses
attributable to fluctuations in the value of foreign currency between the date
of acquisition of the security or contract and the date of disposition also are
treated as ordinary gain or loss. These gains and losses, referred to under the
Code as "section 988" gains and losses, may increase or decrease the amount of
the Fund's net investment income to be distributed to its shareholders as
ordinary income. For example, fluctuations in exchange rates may increase the
amount of income that the Fund must distribute in order to qualify for treatment
as a regulated investment company and to prevent application of an excise tax on
undistributed income. Alternatively, fluctuations in exchange rates may decrease
or eliminate income available for distribution. If section 988 losses exceed
other net investment income during a taxable year, the Fund would not be able to
make ordinary dividend distributions, or distributions made before the losses
were realized would be recharacterized as a return of capital to shareholders
for federal income tax purposes, rather than as an ordinary dividend, reducing
each shareholder's basis in his Fund shares, or as a capital gain.
Income received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries may be subject
to withholding and other income or similar taxes imposed by such countries. If
more than 50% of the value of the Fund's total assets at the close of its
taxable year consists of securities of foreign corporations, the Fund will be
eligible and intends to elect to "pass through" to the Fund's shareholders the
amount of foreign taxes paid by the Fund. Pursuant to this election, a
shareholder will be required to include in gross income (in addition to taxable
dividends actually received) his pro rata share of the foreign taxes paid by the
Fund, and will be entitled either to deduct (as an itemized deduction) his pro
rata share of foreign income and similar taxes in computing his taxable income
or to use it as a foreign tax credit against his U.S. federal income tax
liability, subject to limitations. No deduction for foreign taxes may be claimed
by a shareholder who does not itemize deductions, but such a shareholder may be
eligible to claim the foreign tax credit (see below). Each shareholder will be
notified within 60 days after the close of the Fund's taxable year whether the
foreign taxes paid by the Fund will "pass through" for that year.
Generally, a credit for foreign taxes is subject to the limitation that it may
not exceed the shareholder's U.S. tax attributable to his foreign source taxable
income. For this purpose, if the pass-through election is made, the source of
the Fund's income flows through to its shareholders. With respect to the Fund,
gains from the sale of securities will be treated as derived from U.S. sources
and certain currency fluctuation gains, including fluctuation gains from foreign
currency denominated debt securities, receivables and payables, will be treated
as ordinary income derived from U.S. sources. The limitation on the foreign tax
credit is applied separately to foreign source passive income (as defined for
purposes of the foreign tax credit), including the foreign source passive income
passed through by the Fund. Shareholders may be unable to claim a credit for the
full amount of their proportionate share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund.
Foreign taxes may not be deducted in computing alternative minimum taxable
income and the foreign tax credit can be used to offset only 90% of the
alternative minimum tax (as computed under the Code for purposes of this
limitation) imposed on corporations and individuals. If the Fund is not eligible
to make the election to "pass through" to its shareholders its foreign taxes,
the foreign income taxes it pays generally will reduce investment company
taxable income and the distributions by the Fund will be treated as U.S. source
income.
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Upon the sale or exchange of the Fund shares, a shareholder will realize a
taxable gain or loss depending upon his basis in the shares. Such gain or loss
generally will be treated as capital gain or loss if the shares are capital
assets in the shareholder's hands, and will be long-term if the shareholder's
holding period for the shares is more than one year and generally otherwise will
be short-term. Any loss realized on a sale or exchange will be disallowed to the
extent that the shares disposed of are replaced (including replacement through
the reinvesting of dividends and capital gain distributions in the Fund) within
a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the
disposition of the shares. In such a case, the basis of the shares acquired will
be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss. Any loss realized by a shareholder
on the sale of the Fund shares held by the shareholder for 6 months or less will
be treated for federal income tax purposes as a long-term capital loss to the
extent of any distributions of capital gain dividends received by the
shareholder with respect to such shares.
In some cases, shareholders will not be permitted to take sales charges into
account for purposes of determining the amount of gain or loss realized on the
disposition of their shares. This prohibition generally applies where (1) the
shareholder incurs a sales charge in acquiring the stock of a regulated
investment company, (2) the stock is disposed of before the 91st day after the
date on which it was acquired, and (3) the shareholder subsequently acquires
shares of the same or another regulated investment company and the otherwise
applicable sales charge is reduced or eliminated under a "reinvestment right"
received upon the initial purchase of stock. Sales charges affected by this rule
are treated as if they were incurred with respect to the stock acquired under
the reinvestment right. This provision may be applied to successive acquisitions
of stock.
The Fund generally will be required to withhold federal income tax at a rate of
31% ("backup withholding") from dividends paid, capital gain distributions and
redemption proceeds (except redemptions from the Fund), to a shareholder if (1)
the shareholder fails to furnish the Fund with the shareholder's correct
taxpayer identification number or social security number, (2) the IRS notifies
the shareholder or the Fund that the shareholder has failed to report properly
certain interest and dividend income to the IRS and to respond to notices to
that effect, or (3) when required to do so, the shareholder fails to certify
that he is not subject to backup withholding.
Ordinary dividends and taxable capital gain distributions declared in October,
November, or December with a record date in such a month and paid during the
following January will be treated as having been paid by the Fund and received
by shareholders on December 31 of the calendar year in which declared, rather
than the calendar year in which the dividends are actually received.
U.S. tax rules applicable to foreign investors may differ significantly from
those outlined above. Distributions also may be subject to state, local and
foreign taxes. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers with respect
to the particular tax consequences to them of an investment in the Fund.
THE FUND'S UNDERWRITER
Pursuant to an underwriting agreement, Distributors acts as principal
underwriter in a continuous public offering of the Fund's shares. The
underwriting agreement will continue in effect for successive annual periods if
its continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a vote of the
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Board or by a vote of the holders of a majority of the Fund's outstanding voting
securities, and in either event by a majority vote of the Board members who are
not parties to the underwriting agreement or interested persons of any such
party (other than as members of the Board), cast in person at a meeting called
for that purpose. The underwriting agreement terminates automatically in the
event of its assignment and may be terminated by either party on 90 days'
written notice.
Distributors pays the expenses of the distribution of Fund shares, including
advertising expenses and the costs of printing sales material and prospectuses
used to offer shares to the public. The Fund pays the expenses of preparing and
printing amendments to its registration statements and prospectuses (other than
those necessitated by the activities of Distributors) and of sending
prospectuses to existing shareholders.
Distributors and/or its affiliates provide financial support to various
Securities Dealers that sell shares of the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
Such support is based primarily on the amount of sales of fund shares. The
amount of support may be affected by: total sales; net sales; levels of
redemptions; the proportion of a Securities Dealer's sales and marketing efforts
in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds; a Securities Dealer's support of, and
participation in, Distributors' marketing programs; a Securities Dealer's
compensation programs for its registered representatives; and the extent of a
Securities Dealer's marketing programs relating to the Franklin Templeton Group
of Funds. Financial support to Securities Dealers may be made by payments from
Distributors' resources, from Distributors' retention of underwriting
concessions and, in the case of funds that have Rule 12b-1 plans, from payments
to Distributors under such plans. In addition, certain Securities Dealers may
receive brokerage commissions generated by fund portfolio transactions in
accordance with the NASD's rules.
Distributors will not receive compensation from the Fund for acting as
underwriter with respect to the Advisor Class shares.
HOW DOES THE FUND MEASURE PERFORMANCE?
Performance quotations are subject to SEC rules. These rules require the use of
standardized performance quotations or, alternatively, that every
non-standardized performance quotation furnished by the Fund be accompanied by
certain standardized performance information computed as required by the SEC.
Current yield and average annual total return quotations used by the Fund are
based on the standardized methods of computing performance mandated by the SEC.
If a Rule 12b-1 plan is adopted, performance figures reflect fees from the date
of the plan's implementation. An explanation of these and other methods used by
the Fund to compute or express performance for the Advisor Class shares follows.
For any period prior to January 1, 1997, the standardized performance quotations
for Advisor Class will be calculated by substituting the performance of Class I
for the relevant time period,and excluding the effect of the maximum sales
charge and including the effect of Rule 12b-1 fees applicable to Class I.
Regardless of the method used, past performance is not necessarily indicative of
future results, but is an indication of the return to shareholders only for the
limited historical period used.
TOTAL RETURN
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Average Annual Total Return. Average annual total return is determined by
finding the average annual rates of return over one-, five- and ten-year
periods, or fractional portion thereof, that would equate an initial
hypothetical $1,000 investment to its ending redeemable value. The calculation
assumes income dividends and capital gain distributions are reinvested at Net
Asset Value. The quotation assumes the account was completely redeemed at the
end of each one-, five- and ten-year period and the deduction of all applicable
charges and fees.
The average annual total return for Advisor Class for the one- and five-year
periods ended August 31, 1996 would have been 11.44%, and 8.13%, and for the
period from commencement of operations on September 18, 1986 through August 31,
1996, would have been 8.32%.
These figures were calculated according to the SEC formula:
P(1+T)(n) = ERV
where:
P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000
T = average annual total return
(n) = number of years
ERV = ending redeemable value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment
made at the beginning of the one-, five- or ten-year periods
at the end of the one-, five- or ten-year periods (or
fractional portion thereof)
Cumulative Total Return. The Fund may also quote its cumulative total return, in
addition to its average annual total return. These quotations are computed the
same way, except the cumulative total return will be based on the Fund's actual
return for a specified period rather than on its average return over the period.
The cumulative total return for Advisor Class for the one- and five-year periods
ended August 31, 1996 would have been 11.44% and 47.83%, and for the period from
commencement of operations on September 18, 1986 through August 31, 1996, would
have been 121.75%.
YIELD
Current Yield. Current yield of each class shows the income per share earned by
the Fund. It is calculated by dividing the net investment income per share of
Advisor Class earned during a 30-day base period by the Net Asset Value per
share on the last day of the period and annualizing the result. Expenses accrued
for the period include any fees charged to all shareholders of the class during
the base period. The yield for Advisor Class for the 30-day period ended August
31, 1996, would have been 7.50%.
These figures were obtained using the following SEC formula:
Yield = 2 [(a-b + 1)(6) - 1]
cd
where:
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a = dividends and interest earned during the period
b = expenses accrued for the period (net of reimbursements)
c = he average daily number of shares outstanding during the period that
were entitled to receive dividends
d = the Net Asset Value per share on the last day of the period
CURRENT DISTRIBUTION RATE
Current yield, which is calculated according to a formula prescribed by the SEC,
is not indicative of the amounts which were or will be paid to shareholders of a
class. Amounts paid to shareholders are reflected in the quoted current
distribution rate. For Advisor Class, the current distribution rate is usually
computed by annualizing the dividends paid per share by the class during a
certain period and dividing that amount by the current Net Asset Value. The
current distribution rate differs from the current yield computation because it
may include distributions to shareholders from sources other than dividends and
interest, such as premium income from option writing and short-term capital
gains and is calculated over a different period of time. The current
distribution rate for Advisor Class for the 30-day period ended August 31, 1996,
would have been 6.15%.
VOLATILITY
Occasionally statistics may be used to show the Fund's volatility or risk.
Measures of volatility or risk are generally used to compare the Fund's Net
Asset Value or performance to a market index. One measure of volatility is beta.
Beta is the volatility of a fund relative to the total market, as represented by
an index considered representative of the types of securities in which the fund
invests. A beta of more than 1.00 indicates volatility greater than the market
and a beta of less than 1.00 indicates volatility less than the market. Another
measure of volatility or risk is standard deviation. Standard deviation is used
to measure variability of Net Asset Value or total return around an average over
a specified period of time. The idea is that greater volatility means greater
risk undertaken in achieving performance.
OTHER PERFORMANCE QUOTATIONS
For any period prior to January 1, 1997, sales literature about Advisor Class
may quote a current distribution rate, yield, cumulative total return, average
annual total return and other measures of performance as described elsewhere in
this SAI by substituting the performance of Class I for the relevant time period
and excluding the effect of the maximum sales charge, if applicable, and Rule
12b-1 fees applicable to Class I.
Sales literature referring to the use of the Fund as a potential investment for
Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs), Business Retirement Plans, and other
tax-advantaged retirement plans may quote a total return based upon compounding
of dividends on which it is presumed no federal income tax applies.
The Fund may include in its advertising or sales material information relating
to investment objectives and performance results of funds belonging to the
Franklin Templeton Group of Funds. Resources is the parent company of the
advisors and underwriter of both the Franklin Group of Funds and Templeton Group
of Funds.
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COMPARISONS
From time to time, advertisements or information for the Fund may include a
discussion of certain attributes or benefits to be derived from an investment in
the Fund. The advertisements or information may include symbols, headlines, or
other material that highlights or summarizes the information discussed in more
detail in the communication.
Advertisements or information may also compare the performance of Advisor Class
to the return on CDs or other investments. You should be aware, however, that an
investment in the Fund involves the risk of fluctuation of principal value, a
risk generally not present in an investment in a CD issued by a bank. For
example, as the general level of interest rates rise, the value of the Fund's
fixed-income investments, if any, as well as the value of its shares that are
based upon the value of such portfolio investments, can be expected to decrease.
Conversely, when interest rates decrease, the value of the Fund's shares can be
expected to increase. CDs are frequently insured by an agency of the U.S.
government. An investment in the Fund is not insured by any federal, state or
private entity.
In assessing comparisons of performance, you should keep in mind that the
composition of the investments in the reported indices and averages is not
identical to the Fund's portfolio, the indices and averages are generally
unmanaged, and the items included in the calculations of the averages may not be
identical to the formula used by the Fund to calculate its figures. In addition,
there can be no assurance that the Fund will continue its performance as
compared to these other averages.
Performance information for the Fund may be compared, in reports and promotional
literature, to: (i) unmanaged indices so that investors may compare the Fund's
results with those of a group of unmanaged securities widely regarded by
investors as representative of the securities market in general; (ii) other
groups of mutual funds tracked by Lipper Analytical Services, Inc., a widely
used independent research firm which ranks mutual funds by overall performance,
investment objectives and assets, or tracked by other services, companies,
publications, or persons who rank mutual funds on overall performance or other
criteria; and (iii) the Consumer Price Index (measure for inflation) to assess
the real rate of return from an investment in the Fund. Unmanaged indices may
assume the reinvestment of dividends but generally do not reflect deductions for
administrative and management costs and expenses.
Performance information for the Fund reflects only the performance of a
hypothetical investment in the Fund during the particular time period on which
the calculations are based. Performance information should be considered in
light of the Fund's investment objective and policies, characteristics and
quality of the portfolio and the market conditions during the given time period,
and should not be considered as a representation of what may be achieved in the
future.
From time to time, the Fund and TGBM may also refer to the following
information:
(1) TGBM's and its affiliates' market share of international equities
managed in mutual funds prepared or published by Strategic Insight or a
similar statistical organization.
(2) The performance of U.S. equity and debt markets relative to foreign
markets prepared or published by Morgan Stanley Capital International
or a similar financial organization.
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(3) The capitalization of U.S. and foreign stock markets as prepared or
published by the International Finance Corporation, Morgan Stanley
Capital International or a similar financial organization.
(4) The geographic and industry distribution of the Fund's portfolio and
the Fund's top ten holdings.
(5) The gross national product and populations, including age
characteristics, literacy rates, foreign investment improvements due to
a liberalization of securities laws and a reduction of foreign exchange
controls, and improving communication technology, of various countries
as published by various statistical organizations.
(6) To assist investors in understanding the different returns and risk
characteristics of various investments, the Fund may show historical
returns of various investments and published indices (e.g., Ibbotson
Associates, Inc. Charts and Morgan Stanley EAFE - Index).
(7) The major industries located in various jurisdictions as published by
the Morgan Stanley Index.
(8) Rankings by DALBAR Surveys, Inc. with respect to mutual fund
shareholder services.
(9) Allegorical stories illustrating the importance of persistent long-term
investing.
(10) The Fund's portfolio turnover rate and its ranking relative to industry
standards as published by Lipper Analytical Services, Inc. or
Morningstar, Inc.
(11) A description of the Templeton organization's investment management
philosophy and approach, including its worldwide search for undervalued
or "bargain" securities and its diversification by industry, nation and
type of stocks or other securities.
(12) The number of shareholders in the Fund or the aggregate number of
shareholders of the open-end investment companies in the Franklin
Templeton Group of Funds or the dollar amount of fund and private
account assets under management.
(13) Comparison of the characteristics of various emerging markets,
including population, financial and economic conditions.
(14) Quotations from the Templeton organization's founder, Sir John
Templeton,* advocating the virtues of diversification and long-term
investing, including the following:
- "Never follow the crowd. Superior performance is possible only
if you invest differently from the crowd."
- --------
* Sir John Templeton sold the Templeton organization to Resources in
October, 1992 and resigned from the Trust's Board on April 16, 1995.
He is no longer involved with the investment management process.
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<PAGE>
- "Diversify by company, by industry and by country."
- "Always maintain a long-term perspective."
- "Invest for maximum total real return."
- "Invest - don't trade or speculate."
- "Remain flexible and open-minded about types of investment."
- "Buy low."
- "When buying stocks, search for bargains among quality
stocks."
- "Buy value, not market trends or the economic outlook."
- "Diversify. In stocks and bonds, as in much else, there is
safety in numbers."
- "Do your homework or hire wise experts to help you."
- "Aggressively monitor your investments."
- "Don't panic."
- "Learn from your mistakes."
- "Outperforming the market is a difficult task."
- "An investor who has all the answers doesn't even understand
all the questions."
- "There's no free lunch."
- "And now the last principle: Do not be fearful or negative too
often."
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION
The Fund may help you achieve various investment goals such as accumulating
money for retirement, saving for a down payment on a home, college costs and
other long-term goals. The Franklin College Costs Planner may help you in
determining how much money must be invested on a monthly basis in order to have
a projected amount available in the future to fund a child's college education.
(Projected college cost estimates are based upon current costs published by the
College Board.) The Franklin Retirement Planning Guide leads you through the
steps to start a retirement savings program. Of course, an investment in the
Fund cannot guarantee that these goals will be met.
The Fund is a member of the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds, one of the
largest mutual fund organizations in the U.S., and may be considered in a
program for diversification of assets. Founded in 1947, Franklin, one of the
oldest mutual fund organizations, has managed mutual funds for over 48
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years and now services more than 2.5 million shareholder accounts. In 1992,
Franklin, a leader in managingfixed-income mutual funds and an innovator in
creating domestic equity funds, joined forces with Templeton Worldwide, Inc., a
pioneer in international investing. Together, the Franklin Templeton Group has
over $152 billion in assets under management for more than 4.2 million U.S.
based mutual fund shareholder and other accounts. The Franklin Templeton Group
of Funds offers 125 U.S. based open-end investment companies to the public. The
Fund may identify itself by its NASDAQ symbol or CUSIP number.
The DALBAR Surveys, Inc. broker-dealer survey has ranked Franklin number one in
service quality for five of the past eight years.
From time to time, the number of Fund shares held in the "street name" accounts
of various Securities Dealers for the benefit of their clients or in centralized
securities depositories may exceed 5% of the total shares outstanding. To the
best knowledge of the Fund, no other person holds beneficially or of record
more than 5% of the Fund's outstanding Advisor Class shares.
As a shareholder of a Massachusetts business trust, you could, under certain
circumstances, be held personally liable as a partner for its obligations. The
Fund's Agreement and Declaration of Trust, however, contains an express
disclaimer of shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the Fund. The
Declaration of Trust also provides for indemnification and reimbursement of
expenses out of the Fund's assets if you are held personally liable for
obligations of the Fund. The Declaration of Trust provides that the Fund shall,
upon request, assume the defense of any claim made against you for any act or
obligation of the Fund and satisfy any judgment thereon. All such rights are
limited to the assets of the Fund. The Declaration of Trust further provides
that the Fund may maintain appropriate insurance (for example, fidelity bonding
and errors and omissions insurance) for the protection of the Fund, its
shareholders, trustees, officers, employees and agents to cover possible tort
and other liabilities. Furthermore, the activities of the Fund as an investment
company, as distinguished from an operating company, would not likely give rise
to liabilities in excess of the Fund's total assets. Thus, the risk of you
incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to the
unlikely circumstances in which both inadequate insurance exists and the Fund
itself is unable to meet its obligations.
In the event of disputes involving multiple claims of ownership or authority to
control your account, the Fund has the right (but has no obligation) to: (a)
freeze the account and require the written agreement of all persons deemed by
the Fund to have a potential property interest in the account, prior to
executing instructions regarding the account; (b) interplead disputed funds or
accounts with a court of competent jurisdiction; or (c) surrender ownership of
all or a portion of the account to the IRS in response to a Notice of Levy.
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Summary of Code of Ethics. Employees of Resources or its subsidiaries who are
access persons under the 1940 Act are permitted to engage in personal securities
transactions subject to the following general restrictions and procedures: (i)
the trade must receive advance clearance from a compliance officer and must be
completed within 24 hours after clearance; (ii) copies of all brokerage
confirmations must be sent to a compliance officer and, within 10 days after the
end of each calendar quarter, a report of all securities transactions must be
provided to the compliance officer; and (iii) access persons involved in
preparing and making investment decisions must, in addition to (i) and (ii)
above, file annual reports of their securities holdings each January and inform
the compliance officer (or other designated personnel) if they own a security
that is being considered for a fund or other client transaction or if they are
recommending a security in which they have an ownership interest for purchase or
sale by a fund or other client.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The audited financial statements contained in the Annual Report to Shareholders
of the Fund, for the fiscal year ended August 31, 1996, including the auditors'
report, are incorporated herein by reference. These audited financial statements
do not include information for Advisor Class as these shares were not publicly
offered prior to the date of this SAI.
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USEFUL TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
1933 Act - Securities Act of 1933, as amended
1940 Act - Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended
Board - The Board of Trustees of the Trust
CD - Certificate of deposit
CFTC - Commodity Futures Trading Commission
Class I, Class II and Advisor Class - Each Fund offers three classes of shares,
designated "Class I," "Class II," and "Advisor Class." The three classes have
proportionate interests in the respective Fund's portfolio. Class I and Class II
differ, however, primarily in their sales charge structures and Rule 12b-1
plans. Advisor Class shares are purchased without a sales charge and do not have
a Rule 12b-1 plan.
Code - Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
Distributors - Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., the Fund's principal
underwriter.
Franklin Funds - the mutual funds in the Franklin Group of Funds(R) except
Franklin Valuemark Funds and the Franklin Government Securities Trust
Franklin Templeton Funds - The Franklin Funds and the Templeton Funds and Mutual
Series.
Franklin Templeton Group - Franklin Resources, Inc., a publicly owned holding
company, and its various subsidiaries.
Franklin Templeton Group of Funds - All U.S. registered investment companies in
the Franklin Group of Funds(R), and the Templeton Group of Funds and Mutual
Series.
FT Services - Franklin Templeton Services, Inc., the Fund's administrator.
Investor Services - Franklin/Templeton Investor Services, Inc., the Fund's
shareholder servicing and transfer agent
IRS - Internal Revenue Service
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Moody's - Moody's Investors Service, Inc.
Mutual Series - Franklin Mutual Series Fund Inc., a member of the Franklin Group
of Funds, formerly the Mutual Series Fund Inc. Each series of Mutual Series
began offering three classes of shares on November 1, 1996, Class I, Class II
and Class Z. All shares sold before that time are designated Class Z shares.
NASD - National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.
Net Asset Value (NAV) - the value of a mutual fund is determined by deducting
the fund's liabilities from the total assets of the portfolio. The net asset
value per share is determined by dividing the net asset value of a Fund by the
number of shares outstanding.
NYSE - New York Stock Exchange, Inc.
Offering Price - The public offering price is based on the Net Asset Value per
share of the class and includes the front-end sales charge, if applicable. The
maximum front-end sales charge is 5.75% for Class I and 1% for Class II. Advisor
Class has no front-end sales charge.
Prospectus - The prospectus for Advisor Class of the Fund dated January 1, 1997,
as may be amended from time to time.
Resources - Franklin Resources, Inc.
SAI - Statement of Additional Information
S&P - Standard & Poor's Corporation
SEC - U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Securities Dealer - A financial institution that, either directly or through
affiliates, has an agreement with Distributors to handle customer orders and
accounts with a Fund. This reference is for convenience only and does not
indicate a legal conclusion of capacity.
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Templeton Funds - The U.S. registered mutual funds in the Templeton Group of
Funds except Templeton Capital Accumulator Fund, Inc., Templeton Variable
Annuity Fund, and Templeton Variable Products Series Fund
TGBM - Templeton Global Bond Managers, a division of Templeton Investment
Counsel, Inc., the Fund's investment manager, is located at Broward Financial
Centre, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33394-3091.
U.S. - United States
We/Our/Us - Unless the context indicates a different meaning, these terms refer
to the Funds and/or Investor Services, Distributors, or other wholly-owned
subsidiaries of Resources.
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