B-1
DREYFUS INCOME FUNDS
DREYFUS EQUITY DIVIDEND FUND
DREYFUS HIGH YIELD SECURITIES FUND
DREYFUS REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE FUND
DREYFUS SHORT TERM HIGH YIELD FUND
DREYFUS STRATEGIC INCOME FUND
PART B
(STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION)
MARCH 1, 1998
This Statement of Additional Information, which is not a prospectus,
supplements and should be read in conjunction with the current Prospectus of
Dreyfus Equity Dividend Fund, Dreyfus High Yield Securities Fund, Dreyfus
Real Estate Mortgage Fund, Dreyfus Short Term High Yield Fund and Dreyfus
Strategic Income Fund, each dated March 1, 1998, (each, a "Fund" and
collectively, the "Funds") of Dreyfus Income Funds (the "Company"), as each
may be revised from time to time. To obtain a copy of the relevant Fund's
Prospectus, please write to the Fund at 144 Glenn Curtiss Boulevard,
Uniondale, New York 11556-0144, or call the following numbers:
Call Toll Free 1-800-645-6561
In New York City -- Call 1-718-895-1206
Outside the U.S. -- Call 516-794-5452
The Dreyfus Corporation (the "Manager") serves as each Fund's
investment adviser.
Premier Mutual Fund Services, Inc. (the "Distributor") is the
distributor of each Fund's shares.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Investment Objectives and Management Policies B-2
Management of the Company B-23
Management Agreement B-28
Purchase of Shares B-31
Shareholder Services Plan B-31
Redemption of Shares B-32
Shareholder Services B-34
Determination of Net Asset Value B-37
Dividends, Distributions and Taxes B-38
Portfolio Transactions B-41
Performance Information B-42
Information About the Funds B-44
Transfer and Dividend Disbursing Agent,
Custodian, Counsel and Independent Auditors B-44
Financial Statements and Report of Independent Auditors B-46
Appendix B-47
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND MANAGEMENT POLICIES
The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction
with the sections in each Fund's Prospectus entitled "Description of the
Fund" and "Appendix."
Portfolio Securities
American Depositary Receipts. (Dreyfus Equity Dividend Fund only) The
Fund may invest in American Depositary Receipts, through "sponsored" or
"unsponsored" facilities. A sponsored facility is established jointly by
the issuer of the underlying security and a depositary, whereas a depositary
may establish an unsponsored facility without participation by the issuer of
the deposited security. Holders of unsponsored depositary receipts
generally bear all the costs of such facilities and the depositary of an
unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute
shareholder communications received from the issuer of the deposited
security or to pass through voting rights to the holders of such receipts in
respect of the deposited securities.
Repurchase Agreements. (All Funds) The Fund's custodian or sub-
custodian will have custody of, and will hold in a segregated account,
securities acquired by a Fund under a repurchase agreement. Repurchase
agreements are considered by the staff of the Securities and Exchange
Commission to be loans by the Fund that enters into them. In an attempt to
reduce the risk of incurring a loss on a repurchase agreement, each Fund
will enter into repurchase agreements only with domestic banks with total
assets in excess of $1 billion, or primary government securities dealers
reporting to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, with respect to
securities of the type in which the Fund may invest, and will require that
additional securities be deposited with it if the value of the securities
purchased should decrease below the resale price.
Commercial Paper and Other Short-Term Corporate Obligations. (All
Funds) These instruments include variable amount master demand notes, which
are obligations that permit a Fund to invest fluctuating amounts at varying
rates of interest pursuant to direct arrangements between the Fund, as
lender, and the borrower. These notes permit daily changes in the amounts
borrowed. Because these obligations are direct lending arrangements between
the lender and borrower, it is not contemplated that such instruments
generally will be traded, and there generally is no established secondary
market for these obligations, although they are redeemable at face value,
plus accrued interest, at any time. Accordingly, where these obligations
are not secured by letters of credit or other credit support arrangements,
the Fund's right to redeem is dependent on the ability of the borrower to
pay principal and interest on demand. Such obligations frequently are not
rated by credit rating agencies, and a Fund may invest in them only if at
the time of an investment the borrower meets the criteria set forth in the
Fund's Prospectus for other commercial paper issuers.
Convertible Securities. (All Funds) Convertible securities may be
converted at either a stated price or stated rate into underlying shares of
common stock. Convertible securities have characteristics similar to both
fixed-income and equity securities. Convertible securities generally are
subordinated to other similar but non-convertible securities of the same
issuer, although convertible bonds, as corporate debt obligations, enjoy
seniority in right of payment to all equity securities, and convertible
preferred stock is senior to common stock, of the same issuer. Because of
the subordination feature, however, convertible securities typically have
lower ratings than similar non-convertible securities.
Although to a lesser extent than with fixed-income securities, the
market value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates
increase and, conversely, tends to increase as interest rates decline. In
addition, because of the conversion feature, the market value of convertible
securities tends to vary with fluctuations in the market value of the
underlying common stock. A unique feature of convertible securities is that
as the market price of the underlying common stock declines, convertible
securities tend to trade increasingly on a yield basis, and so may not
experience market value declines to the same extent as the underlying common
stock. When the market price of the underlying common stock increases, the
prices of the convertible securities tend to rise as a reflection of the
value of the underlying common stock. While no securities investments are
without risk, investments in convertible securities generally entail less
risk than investments in common stock of the same issuer.
Convertible securities are investments that provide for a stable stream
of income with generally higher yields than common stocks. There can be no
assurance of current income because the issuers of the convertible
securities may default on their obligations. A convertible security, in
addition to providing fixed income, offers the potential for capital
appreciation through the conversion feature, which enables the holder to
benefit from increases in the market price of the underlying common stock.
There can be no assurance of capital appreciation, however, because
securities prices fluctuate. Convertible securities, however, generally
offer lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible securities of
similar quality because of the potential for capital appreciation.
Warrants. (Dreyfus High Yield Securities Fund, Dreyfus Short Term High
Yield Fund (collectively, "Dreyfus High Yield Funds"), and Dreyfus Strategic
Income Fund only). A warrant is an instrument issued by a corporation which
gives the holder the right to subscribe to a specified amount of the
corporation's capital stock at a set price for a specified period of time.
The Fund may invest up to 5% of its net assets in warrants, except that this
limitation does not apply to warrants purchased by the Fund that are sold in
units with, or attached to, other securities.
Common Stock. (Dreyfus High Yield Funds, Dreyfus Real Estate Mortgage
Fund and Dreyfus Strategic Income Fund only). From time to time, the Fund
may hold common stock sold in units with, or attached to, debt securities
purchased by the Fund. The Fund also may hold common stock received upon
the conversion of convertible securities. Dreyfus Real Estate Mortgage Fund
also may invest in equity securities, such as common stocks and securities
convertible into common stocks, which are issued by companies that primarily
invest or deal in real estate.
Illiquid Securities. (All Funds) When purchasing securities that have
not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and are
not readily marketable, the Fund will endeavor, to the extent practicable,
to obtain the right to registration at the expense of the issuer.
Generally, there will be a lapse of time between the Fund's decision to sell
any such security and the registration of the security permitting sale.
During any such period, the price of the securities will be subject to
market fluctuations. However, where a substantial market of qualified
institutional buyers has developed for certain unregistered securities
purchased by the Fund pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended, the Fund intends to treat such securities as liquid
securities in accordance with procedures approved by the Company's Board.
Because it is not possible to predict with assurance how the market for
specific restricted securities sold pursuant to Rule 144A will develop, the
Company's Board has directed the Manager to monitor carefully the Fund's
investments in such securities with particular regard to trading activity,
availability of reliable price information and other relevant information.
To the extent that, for a period of time, qualified institutional buyers
cease purchasing restricted securities pursuant to Rule 144A, the Fund's
investing in such securities may have the effect of increasing the level of
illiquidity in its investment portfolio during such period.
Participation Interests. (Dreyfus High Yield Funds only) The Fund may
invest in short-term corporate obligations denominated in U.S. and foreign
currencies that are originated, negotiated and structured by a syndicate of
lenders ("Co-Lenders") consisting of commercial banks, thrift institutions,
insurance companies, financial companies or other financial institutions one
or more of which administers the security on behalf of the syndicate (the
"Agent Bank"). Co-Lenders may sell such securities to third parties called
"Participants." The Fund may invest in such securities either by
participating as a Co-Lender at origination or by acquiring an interest in
the security from a Co-Lender or a Participant (collectively, "participation
interests"). Co-Lenders and Participants interposed between the Fund and
the corporate borrower (the "Borrower"), together with Agent Banks, are
referred herein as "Intermediate Participants." The Fund also may purchase
a participation interest in a portion of the rights of an Intermediate
Participant, which would not establish any direct relationship between the
Fund and the Borrower. In such cases, the Fund would be required to rely on
the Intermediate Participant that sold the participation interest not only
for the enforcement of the Fund's rights against the Borrower but also for
the receipt and processing of payments due to the Fund under the security.
Because it may be necessary to assert through an Intermediate Participant
such rights as may exist against the Borrower, in the event the Borrower
fails to pay principal and interest when due, the Fund may be subject to
delays, expenses and risks that are greater than those that would be
involved if the Fund would enforce its rights directly against the Borrower.
Moreover, under the terms of a participation interest, the Fund may be
regarded as a creditor of the Intermediate Participant (rather than of the
Borrower), so that the Fund may also be subject to the risk that the
Intermediate Participant may become insolvent. Similar risks may arise with
respect to the Agent Bank if, for example, assets held by the Agent Bank for
the benefit of the Fund were determined by the appropriate regulatory
authority or court to be subject to the claims of the Agent Bank's
creditors. In such case, the Fund might incur certain costs and delays in
realizing payment in connection with the participation interest or suffer a
loss of principal and/or interest. Further, in the event of the bankruptcy
or insolvency of the Borrower, the obligation of the Borrower to repay the
loan may be subject to certain defenses that can be asserted by such
Borrower as a result of improper conduct by the Agent Bank or Intermediate
Participant.
Municipal Obligations. (Dreyfus High Yield Funds and Dreyfus Strategic
Income Fund only) Municipal obligations generally include debt obligations
issued to obtain funds for various public purposes as well as certain
industrial development bonds issued by or on behalf of public authorities.
Municipal obligations are classified as general obligation bonds, revenue
bonds and notes. General obligation bonds are secured by the issuer's
pledge of its faith, credit and taxing power for the payment of principal
and interest. Revenue bonds are payable from the revenue derived from a
particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the
proceeds of a special excise or other specific revenue source, but not from
the general taxing power. Industrial development bonds, in most cases, are
revenue bonds that generally do not carry the pledge of the credit of the
issuing municipality, but generally are guaranteed by the corporate entity
on whose behalf they are issued. Notes are short-term instruments which are
obligations of the issuing municipalities or agencies and are sold in
anticipation of a bond sale, collection of taxes or receipt of other
revenues. Municipal obligations include municipal lease/purchase agreements
which are similar to installment purchase contracts for property or
equipment issued by municipalities.
Variable and Floating Rate Securities. (All Funds) Variable and
floating rate securities provide for a periodic adjustment in the interest
rate paid on the obligations. The terms of such obligations must provide
that interest rates are adjusted periodically based upon an interest rate
adjustment index as provided in the respective obligations. The adjustment
intervals may be regular, and range from daily up to annually, or may be
event based, such as based on a change in the prime rate.
The Fund may invest in floating rate debt instruments ("floaters").
The interest rate on a floater is a variable rate which is tied to another
interest rate, such as a money-market index or Treasury bill rate. The
interest rate on a floater resets periodically, typically every six months.
Because of the interest rate reset feature, floaters provide the Fund with a
certain degree of protection against rises in interest rates, although the
Fund will participate in any declines in interest rates as well.
The Fund also may invest in inverse floating rate debt instruments
("inverse floaters"). The interest rate on an inverse floater resets in the
opposite direction from the market rate of interest to which the inverse
floater is indexed or inversely to a multiple of the applicable index. An
inverse floating rate security may exhibit greater price volatility than a
fixed rate obligation of similar credit quality.
Mortgage-Related Securities. (Dreyfus High Yield Funds, Dreyfus Real
Estate Mortgage Fund and Dreyfus Strategic Income Fund only) Mortgage-
related securities are a form of Derivative collateralized by pools of
commercial or residential mortgages. Pools of mortgage loans are assembled
as securities for sale to investors by various governmental, government-
related and private organizations. These securities may include complex
instruments such as collateralized mortgage obligations and stripped
mortgage-backed securities, mortgage pass-through securities, interests in
Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits ("REMICs") or other kinds of
mortgage-backed securities, including those with fixed, floating and
variable interest rates, those with interest rates that change based on
multiples of changes in a specified index of interest rates and those with
interest rates that change inversely to changes in interest rates.
Government-Agency Securities--Mortgage-related securities issued by the
Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA") include GNMA Mortgage Pass-
Through Certificates (also known as "Ginnie Maes") which are guaranteed as
to the timely payment of principal and interest by GNMA and such guarantee
is backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. GNMA is a
wholly-owned U.S. Government corporation within the Department of Housing
and Urban Development. GNMA certificates also are supported by the
authority of GNMA to borrow funds from the U.S. Treasury to make payments
under its guarantee.
Government-Related Securities--Mortgage-related securities issued by the
Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA") include FNMA Guaranteed
Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates (also known as "Fannie Maes") which are
solely the obligations of FNMA and are not backed by or entitled to the full
faith and credit of the United States. FNMA is a government-sponsored
organization owned entirely by private stockholders. Fannie Maes are
guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA.
Mortgage-related securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation ("FHLMC") include FHLMC Mortgage Participation Certificates
(also known as "Freddie Macs" or "PCs"). FHLMC is a corporate
instrumentality of the United States created pursuant to an Act of Congress,
which is owned entirely by Federal Home Loan Banks. Freddie Macs are not
guaranteed by the United States or by any Federal Home Loan Bank and do not
constitute a debt or obligation of the United States or of any Federal Home
Loan Bank. Freddie Macs entitle the holder to timely payment of interest,
which is guaranteed by FHLMC. FHLMC guarantees either ultimate collection
or timely payment of all principal payments on the underlying mortgage
loans. When FHLMC does not guarantee timely payment of principal, FHLMC may
remit the amount due on account of its guarantee of ultimate payment of
principal at any time after default on an underlying mortgage, but in no
event later than one year after it becomes payable.
Private Entity Securities--These mortgage-related securities are issued by
commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, mortgage bankers, private
mortgage insurance companies and other non-governmental issuers. Timely
payment of principal and interest on mortgage-related securities backed by
pools created by non-governmental issuers often is supported partially by
various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title,
pool and hazard insurance. The insurance and guarantees are issued by
government entities, private insurers and the mortgage poolers. There can
be no assurance that the private insurers or mortgage poolers can meet their
obligations under the policies, so that if the issuers default on their
obligations the holders of the security could sustain a loss. No insurance
or guarantee covers the Fund or the price of the Fund's shares. Mortgage-
related securities issued by non-governmental issuers generally offer a
higher rate of interest than government-agency and government-related
securities because there are no direct or indirect government guarantees of
payment.
Commercial Mortgage-Related Securities--Commercial mortgage-related
securities generally are multi-class debt or pass-through certificates
secured by mortgage loans on commercial properties. These mortgage-related
securities generally are structured to provide protection to the senior
classes investors against potential losses on the underlying mortgage loans.
This protection generally is provided by having the holders of subordinated
classes of securities ("Subordinated Securities") take the first loss if
there are defaults on the underlying commercial mortgage loans. Other
protection, which may benefit all of the classes or particular classes, may
include issuer guarantees, reserve funds, additional Subordinated
Securities, cross-collateralization and over-collateralization.
The Fund may invest in Subordinated Securities issued or sponsored by
commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, mortgage bankers, private
mortgage insurance companies and other non-governmental issuers.
Subordinated Securities have no governmental guarantee, and are subordinated
in some manner as to the payment of principal and/or interest to the holders
of more senior mortgage-related securities arising out of the same pool of
mortgages. The holders of Subordinated Securities typically are compensated
with a higher stated yield than are the holders of more senior mortgage-
related securities. On the other hand, Subordinated Securities typically
subject the holder to greater risk than senior mortgage-related securities
and tend to be rated in a lower rating category, and frequently a
substantially lower rating category, than the senior mortgage-related
securities issued in respect of the same pool of mortgage. Subordinated
Securities generally are likely to be more sensitive to changes in
prepayment and interest rates and the market for such securities may be less
liquid than is the case for traditional fixed-income securities and senior
mortgage-related securities.
The market for commercial mortgage-related securities developed more
recently and in terms of total outstanding principal amount of issues is
relatively small compared to the market for residential single-family
mortgage-related securities. In addition, commercial lending generally is
viewed as exposing the lender to a greater risk of loss than one- to four-
family residential lending. Commercial lending, for example, typically
involves larger loans to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers
than residential one- to four-family mortgage loans. In addition, the
repayment of loans secured by income producing properties typically is
dependent upon the successful operation of the related real estate project
and the cash flow generated therefrom. Consequently, adverse changes in
economic conditions and circumstances are more likely to have an adverse
impact on mortgage-related securities secured by loans on commercial
properties than on those secured by loans on residential properties.
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations ("CMOs")--A CMO is a multiclass bond
backed by a pool of mortgage pass-through certificates or mortgage loans.
CMOs may be collateralized by (a) Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae, or Freddie Mac
pass-through certificates, (b) unsecuritized mortgage loans insured by the
Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans'
Affairs, (c) unsecuritized conventional mortgages, (d) other mortgage-
related securities, or (e) any combination thereof. Each class of CMOs,
often referred to as a "tranche," is issued at a specific coupon rate and
has a stated maturity or final distribution date. Principal prepayments on
collateral underlying a CMO may cause it to be retired substantially earlier
than the stated maturities or final distribution dates. The principal and
interest on the underlying mortgages may be allocated among the several
classes of a series of a CMO in many ways. One or more tranches of a CMO
may have coupon rates which reset periodically at a specified increment over
an index, such as the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") (or sometimes
more than one index). These floating rate CMOs typically are issued with
lifetime caps on the coupon rate thereon. The Fund also may invest in
inverse floating rate CMOs. Inverse floating rate CMOs constitute a tranche
of a CMO with a coupon rate that moves in the reverse direction to an
applicable index such a LIBOR. Accordingly, the coupon rate thereon will
increase as interest rates decrease. Inverse floating rate CMOs are
typically more volatile than fixed or floating rate tranches of CMOs.
Many inverse floating rate CMOs have coupons that move inversely to a
multiple of the applicable indexes. The effect of the coupon varying
inversely to a multiple of an applicable index creates a leverage factor.
Inverse floaters based on multiples of a stated index are designed to be
highly sensitive to changes in interest rates and can subject the holders
thereof to extreme reductions of yield and loss of principal. The markets
for inverse floating rate CMOs with highly leveraged characteristics at
times may be very thin. The Fund's ability to dispose of its positions in
such securities will depend on the degree of liquidity in the markets for
such securities. It is impossible to predict the amount of trading interest
that may exist in such securities, and therefore the future degree of
liquidity.
Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities--The Fund also may invest in stripped
mortgage-backed securities. Stripped mortgage-backed securities are created
by segregating the cash flows from underlying mortgage loans or mortgage
securities to create two or more new securities, each with a specified
percentage of the underlying security's principal or interest payments.
Mortgage securities may be partially stripped so that each investor class
receives some interest and some principal. When securities are completely
stripped, however, all of the interest is distributed to holders of one type
of security, known as an interest-only security, or IO, and all of the
principal is distributed to holders of another type of security known as a
principal-only security, or PO. Strips can be created in a pass-through
structure or as tranches of a CMO. The yields to maturity on IOs and POs
are very sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments)
on the related underlying mortgage assets. If the underlying mortgage
assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the
Fund may not fully recoup its initial investment in IOs. Conversely, if the
underlying mortgage assets experience less than anticipated prepayments of
principal, the yield on POs could be materially and adversely affected.
Real Estate Investment Trusts--A REIT is a corporation, or a business trust
that would otherwise be taxed as a corporation, which meets the definitional
requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code").
The Code permits a qualifying REIT to deduct dividends paid, thereby
effectively eliminating corporate level Federal income tax and making the
REIT a pass-through vehicle for Federal income tax purposes. To meet the
definitional requirements of the Code, a REIT must, among other things,
invest substantially all of its assets in interests in real estate
(including mortgages and other REITs) or cash and government securities,
derive most of its income from rents from real property or interest on loans
secured by mortgages on real property, and distribute to shareholders
annually a substantial portion of its otherwise taxable income.
REITs are characterized as equity REITs, mortgage REITs and hybrid
REITs. Equity REITs, which may include operating or finance companies, own
real estate directly and the value of, and income earned by, the REITs
depends upon the income of the underlying properties and the rental income
they earn. Equity REITs also can realize capital gains (or losses) by
selling properties that have appreciated (or depreciated) in value.
Mortgage REITs can make construction, development or long-term mortgage
loans and are sensitive to the credit quality of the borrower. Mortgage
REITs derive their income from interest payments on such loans. Hybrid
REITs combine the characteristics of both equity and mortgage REITs,
generally by holding both ownership interests and mortgage interests in real
estate. The value of securities issued by REITs are affected by tax and
regulatory requirements and by perceptions of management skill. They also
are subject to heavy cash flow dependency, defaults by borrowers or tenants,
self-liquidation and the possibility of failing to qualify for tax-free
status under the Code or to maintain exemption from the Investment Company
Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act").
Adjustable-Rate Mortgage Loans ("ARMs")--ARMs eligible for inclusion in a
mortgage pool will generally provide for a fixed initial mortgage interest
rate for a specified period of time, generally for either the first three,
six, twelve, thirteen, thirty-six, or sixty scheduled monthly payments.
Thereafter, the interest rates are subject to periodic adjustment based on
changes in an index. ARMs typically have minimum and maximum rates beyond
which the mortgage interest rate may not vary over the lifetime of the
loans. Certain ARMs provide for additional limitations on the maximum
amount by which the mortgage interest rate may adjust for any single
adjustment period. Negatively amortizing ARMs may provide limitations on
changes in the required monthly payment. Limitations on monthly payments
can result in monthly payments that are greater or less than the amount
necessary to amortize a negatively amortizing ARM by its maturity at the
interest rate in effect during any particular month.
Other Mortgage-Related Securities--Other mortgage-related securities include
securities other than those described above that directly or indirectly
represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage
loans on real property, including CMO residuals. Other mortgage-related
securities may be equity or debt securities issued by agencies or
instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or
investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations,
homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks,
partnerships, trusts and special purpose entities of the foregoing.
Foreign Government Obligations; Securities of Supranational Entities.
(Dreyfus High Yield Funds, Dreyfus Real Estate Mortgage Fund and Dreyfus
Strategic Income Fund only) The Fund may invest in obligations issued or
guaranteed by one or more foreign governments or any of their political
subdivisions, agencies or instrumentalities that are determined by the
Manager to be of comparable quality to the other obligations in which the
Fund may invest. Such securities also include debt obligations of
supranational entities. Supranational entities include international
organizations designated or supported by governmental entities to promote
economic reconstruction or development and international banking
institutions and related government agencies. Examples include the
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank), the
European Coal and Steel Community, the Asian Development Bank and the
InterAmerican Development Bank.
Zero Coupon Securities. (Dreyfus High Yield Funds, Dreyfus Real Estate
Mortgage Fund and Dreyfus Strategic Income Fund only) The Fund may invest
in zero coupon U.S. Treasury securities, which are Treasury Notes and Bonds
that have been stripped of their unmatured interest coupons, the coupons
themselves and receipts or certificates representing interests in such
stripped debt obligations and coupons. Zero coupon securities also are
issued by corporations and financial institutions which constitute a
proportionate ownership of the issuer's pool of underlying U.S. Treasury
securities. A zero coupon security pays no interest to its holder during
its life and is sold at a discount to its face value at maturity. The
market prices of zero coupon securities generally are more volatile than the
market prices of securities that pay interest periodically and are likely to
respond to a greater degree to changes in interest rates than non-zero
coupon securities having similar maturities and credit qualities.
Management Policies
Duration. (Dreyfus High Yield Funds, Dreyfus Real Estate Mortgage Fund
and Dreyfus Strategic Income Fund only). As a measure of a fixed-income
security's cash flow, duration is an alternative to the concept of "term to
maturity" in assessing the price volatility associated with changes in
interest rates. Generally, the longer the duration, the more volatility an
investor should expect. For example, the market price of a bond with a
duration of three years would be expected to decline 3% if interest rates
rose 1%. Conversely, the market price of the same bond would be expected to
increase 3% if interest rates fell 1%. The market price of a bond with a
duration of six years would be expected to increase or decline twice as much
as the market price of a bond with a three-year duration. Duration is a way
of measuring a security's maturity in terms of the average time required to
receive the present value of all interest and principal payments as opposed
to its term to maturity. The maturity of a security measures only the time
until final payment is due; it does not take account of the pattern of a
security's cash flows over time, which would include how cash flow is
affected by prepayments and by changes in interest rates. Incorporating a
security's yield, coupon interest payments, final maturity and option
features into one measure, duration is computed by determining the weighted
average maturity of a bond's cash flows, where the present values of the
cash flows serve as weights. In computing the duration of the Fund, the
Manager will estimate the duration of obligations that are subject to
features such as prepayment or redemption by the issuer, put options
retained by the investor or other imbedded options, taking into account the
influence of interest rates on prepayments and coupon flows.
Portfolio Maturity. (Dreyfus Short Term High Yield Fund only) Under
normal market conditions, the average effective portfolio maturity of the
Fund is expected to be three years to less. For purposes of calculating
average effective portfolio maturity, a security that is subject to
redemption at the option of the issuer on a particular date (the "call
date") which is prior to the security's stated maturity may be deemed to
mature on the call date rather than on its stated maturity date. The call
date of a security will be used to calculate average effective portfolio
maturity when the Manager reasonably anticipates, based upon information
available to it, that the issuer will exercise its right to redeem the
security. The Manager may base its conclusion on such factors as the
interest rate paid on the security compared to prevailing market rates, the
amount of cash available to the issuer of the security, events affecting the
issuer of the security, and other factors that may compel or make it
advantageous for the issuer to redeem a security prior to its stated
maturity.
Leverage. (Dreyfus High Yield Funds, Dreyfus Real Estate Mortgage Fund
and Dreyfus Strategic Income Fund only) For borrowings for investment
purposes, the 1940 Act requires the Fund to maintain continuous asset
coverage (that is, total assets including borrowings, less liabilities
exclusive of borrowings) of 300% of the amount borrowed. If the required
coverage should decline as a result of market fluctuations or other reasons,
the Fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio securities within
three days to reduce the amount of its borrowings and restore the 300% asset
coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment
standpoint to sell securities at that time. The Fund also may be required
to maintain minimum average balances in connection with such borrowing or
pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these
requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest
rate. To the extent the Fund enters into a reverse repurchase agreement,
the Fund will maintain in a segregated account permissible liquid assets at
least equal to the aggregate amount of its reverse repurchase obligations,
plus accrued interest, in certain cases, in accordance with releases
promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Securities and
Exchange Commission views reverse repurchase transactions as collateralized
borrowings by the Fund.
Short-Selling. (All Funds) In these transactions, a Fund sells a
security it does not own in anticipation of a decline in the market value of
the security. To complete the transaction, the Fund must borrow the
security to make delivery to the buyer. The Fund is obligated to replace
the security borrowed by purchasing it subsequently at the market price at
the time of replacement. The price at such time may be more or less than
the price at which the security was sold by the Fund, which would result in
a loss or gain, respectively.
Securities will not be sold short if, after effect is given to any such
short sale, the total market value of all securities sold short would exceed
25% of the value of a Fund's net assets. In the case of Dreyfus Equity
Dividend Fund, Dreyfus High Yield Funds and Dreyfus Strategic Income Fund,
the Fund may not make a short sale which results in the Fund having sold
short in the aggregate more than 5% of the outstanding securities of any
class of an issuer.
The Fund also may make short sales "against the box," in which the Fund
enters into a short sale of a security it owns.
Until the Fund closes its short position or replaces the borrowed
security, it will: (a) maintain a segregated account, containing
permissible liquid assets, at such a level that the amount deposited in the
account plus the amount deposited with the broker as collateral always
equals the current value of the security sold short; or (b) otherwise cover
its short position.
Lending Portfolio Securities. (Dreyfus High Yield Funds, Dreyfus Real
Estate Mortgage Fund and Dreyfus Strategic Income Fund only) The Fund may
lend securities from its portfolio to brokers, dealers and other financial
institutions needing to borrow securities to complete certain transactions.
The Fund continues to be entitled to payments in amounts equal to the
interest, dividends or other distributions payable on the loaned securities,
which affords the Fund an opportunity to earn interest on the amount of the
loan and on the loaned securities' collateral. Loans of portfolio
securities may not exceed 33-1/3% of the value of the Fund's total assets,
and the Fund will receive collateral consisting of cash, U.S. Government
securities or irrevocable letters of credit which will be maintained at all
times in an amount equal to at least 100% of the current market value of the
loaned securities. Such loans are terminable by the Fund at any time upon
specified notice. The Fund might experience risk of loss if the institution
with which it has engaged in a portfolio loan transaction breaches its
agreement with the Fund. In connection with its securities lending
transactions, the Fund may return to the borrower or a third party which is
unaffiliated with the Fund, and which is acting as a "placing broker," a
part of the interest earned from the investment of collateral received for
securities loaned.
The Securities and Exchange Commission currently requires that the
following conditions must be met whenever portfolio securities are loaned:
(1) the Fund must receive at least 100% cash collateral from the borrower;
(2) the borrower must increase such collateral whenever the market value of
the securities rises above the level of such collateral; (3) the Fund must
be able to terminate the loan at any time; (4) the Fund must receive
reasonable interest on the loan, as well as any dividends, interest or other
distributions payable on the loaned securities, and any increase in market
value; (5) the Fund may pay only reasonable custodian fees in connection
with the loan; and (6) while voting rights on the loaned securities may pass
to the borrower, the Company's Board must terminate the loan and regain the
right to vote the securities if a material event adversely affecting the
investment occurs.
Derivatives. (All Funds) A Fund may invest in, or enter into,
Derivatives (as defined in the relevant Fund's Prospectus) for a variety of
reasons, including to hedge certain market risks, to provide a substitute
for purchasing or selling particular securities or to increase potential
income gain. Derivatives may provide a cheaper, quicker or more
specifically focused way for the Fund to invest than "traditional"
securities would.
Derivatives can be volatile and involve various types and degrees of
risk, depending upon the characteristics of the particular Derivative and
the portfolio as a whole. Derivatives permit a Fund to increase or decrease
the level of risk, or change the character of the risk, to which its
portfolio is exposed in much the same way as the Fund can increase or
decrease the level of risk, or change the character of the risk, of its
portfolio by making investments in specific securities.
Derivatives may entail investment exposures that are greater than their
cost would suggest, meaning that a small investment in Derivatives could
have a large potential impact on a Fund's performance.
If a Fund invests in Derivatives at inopportune times or judges market
conditions incorrectly, such investments may lower the Fund's return or
result in a loss. A Fund also could experience losses if its Derivatives
were poorly correlated with its other investments, or if the Fund were
unable to liquidate its position because of an illiquid secondary market.
The market for many Derivatives is, or suddenly can become, illiquid.
Changes in liquidity may result in significant, rapid and unpredictable
changes in the prices for Derivatives.
Derivatives may be purchased on established exchanges or through
privately negotiated transactions referred to as over-the-counter
Derivatives. Exchange-traded Derivatives generally are guaranteed by the
clearing agency which is the issuer or counterparty to such Derivatives.
This guarantee usually is supported by a daily payment system (i.e.,
variation margin requirements) operated by the clearing agency in order to
reduce overall credit risk. As a result, unless the clearing agency
defaults, there is relatively little counterparty credit risk associated
with Derivatives purchased on an exchange. By contrast, no clearing agency
guarantees over-the-counter Derivatives. Therefore, each party to an over-
the-counter Derivative bears the risk that the counterparty will default.
Accordingly, the Manager will consider the creditworthiness of
counterparties to over-the-counter Derivatives in the same manner as it
would review the credit quality of a security to be purchased by the Fund.
Over-the-counter Derivatives are less liquid than exchange-traded
Derivatives since the other party to the transaction may be the only
investor with sufficient understanding of the Derivative to be interested in
bidding for it.
Futures Transactions--In General. (All Funds) A Fund may enter into
futures contracts in U.S. domestic markets, such as the Chicago Board of
Trade and the International Monetary Market of the Chicago Mercantile
Exchange, or, if permitted in its Prospectus, on exchanges located outside
the United States, such as the London International Financial Futures
Exchange and the Sydney Futures Exchange Limited. Foreign markets may offer
advantages such as trading opportunities or arbitrage possibilities not
available in the United States. Foreign markets, however, may have greater
risk potential than domestic markets. For example, some foreign exchanges
are principal markets so that no common clearing facility exists and an
investor may look only to the broker for performance of the contract. In
addition, any profits that a Fund might realize in trading could be
eliminated by adverse changes in the exchange rate, or the Fund could incur
losses as a result of those changes. Transactions on foreign exchanges may
include both commodities which are traded on domestic exchanges and those
which are not. Unlike trading on domestic commodity exchanges, trading on
foreign commodity exchanges is not regulated by the Commodity Futures
Trading Commission.
Engaging in these transactions involves risk of loss to a Fund which
could adversely affect the value of the Fund's net assets. Although each
Fund intends to purchase or sell futures contracts only if there is an
active market for such contracts, no assurance can be given that a liquid
market will exist for any particular contract at any particular time. Many
futures exchanges and boards of trade limit the amount of fluctuation
permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. Once the
daily limit has been reached in a particular contract, no trades may be made
that day at a price beyond that limit or trading may be suspended for
specified periods during the trading day. Futures contract prices could
move to the limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no
trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and
potentially subjecting the Fund to substantial losses.
Successful use of futures by a Fund also is subject to the ability of
the Manager to predict correctly movements in the direction of the relevant
market and, to the extent the transaction is entered into for hedging
purposes, to ascertain the appropriate correlation between the transaction
being hedged and the price movements of the futures contract. For example,
if a Fund uses futures to hedge against the possibility of a decline in the
market value of securities held in its portfolio and the prices of such
securities instead increase, the Fund will lose part or all of the benefit
of the increased value of securities which it has hedged because it will
have offsetting losses in its futures positions. Furthermore, if in such
circumstances the Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell securities
to meet daily variation margin requirements. A Fund may have to sell such
securities at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.
Pursuant to regulations and/or published positions of the Securities
and Exchange Commission, a Fund may be required to segregate permissible
liquid assets in connection with its commodities transactions in an amount
generally equal to the value of the underlying commodity. The segregation
of such assets will have the effect of limiting a Fund's ability otherwise
to invest those assets.
Specific Futures Transactions. A Fund may purchase and sell interest rate
futures contracts. An interest rate future obligates the Fund to purchase
or sell an amount of a specific debt security at a future date at a specific
price.
A Fund (other than Dreyfus Real Estate Mortgage Fund) may purchase and
sell currency futures. A foreign currency future obligates the Fund to
purchase or sell an amount of a specific currency at a future date at a
specific price.
Dreyfus Equity Dividend Fund may purchase and sell stock index futures
contracts. A stock index future obligates the Fund to pay or receive an
amount of cash equal to a fixed dollar amount specified in the futures
contract multiplied by the difference between the settlement price of the
contract on the contract's last trading day and the value of the index based
on the stock prices of the securities that comprise it at the opening of
trading in such securities on the next business day.
Interest Rate Swaps. (Dreyfus High Yield Funds and Dreyfus Real Estate
Mortgage Fund only) Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by the Fund
with another party of their respective commitments to pay or receive
interest (for example, an exchange of floating rate payments for fixed-rate
payments). The exchange commitments can involve payments to be made in the
same currency or in different currencies. The use of interest rate swaps is
a highly specialized activity which involves investment techniques and risks
different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security
transactions. If the Manager is incorrect in its forecasts of market
values, interest rates and other applicable factors, the investment
performance of the Fund would diminish compared with what it would have been
if these investment techniques were not used. Moreover, even if the Manager
is correct in its forecasts, there is a risk that the swap position may
correlate imperfectly with the price of the asset or liability being hedged.
There is no limit on the amount of interest rate swap transactions that may
be entered into by the Fund. These transactions do not involve the delivery
of securities or other underlying assets or principal. Accordingly, the
risk of loss with respect to interest rate swaps is limited to the net
amount of interest payments that the Fund is contractually obligated to
make. If the other party to an interest rate swap defaults, the Fund's risk
of loss consists of the net amount of interest payments that the Fund
contractually is entitled to receive.
Credit Derivatives. (Dreyfus High Yield Funds only) The Fund may engage in
credit derivative transactions. There are two broad categories of credit
derivatives: default price risk derivatives and market spread derivatives.
Default price risk derivatives are linked to the price of reference
securities or loans after a default by the issuer or borrower, respectively.
Market spread derivatives are based on the risk that changes in market
factors, such as credit spreads, can cause a decline in the value of a
security, loan or index. There are three basic transactional forms for
credit derivatives: swaps, options and structured instruments. The use of
credit derivatives is a highly specialized activity which involves
strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio
security transactions. If the Manager is incorrect in its forecasts of
default risks, market spreads or other applicable factors, the investment
performance of the Fund would diminish compared with what it would have been
if these techniques were not used. Moreover, even if the Manager is correct
in its forecasts, there is a risk that a credit derivative position may
correlate imperfectly with the price of the asset or liability being hedged.
There is no limit on the amount of credit derivative transactions that may
be entered into by the Fund. The Fund's risk of loss in a credit derivative
transaction varies with the form of the transaction. For example, if the
Fund purchases a default option on a security, and if no default occurs with
respect to the security, the Fund's loss is limited to the premium it paid
for the default option. In contrast, if there is a default by the grantor
of a default option, the Fund's loss will include both the premium that it
paid for the option and the decline in value of the underlying security that
the default option hedged.
Options--In General. (All Funds) A Fund may purchase and write (i.e.,
sell) call or put options with respect to specific securities. A call
option gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and obligates the
writer to sell, the underlying security or securities at the exercise price
at any time during the option period, or at a specific date. Conversely, a
put option gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell, and
obligates the writer to buy, the underlying security or securities at the
exercise price at any time during the option period, or at a specific date.
A covered call option written by a Fund is a call option with respect
to which a Fund owns the underlying security or otherwise covers the
transaction by segregating cash or other securities. A put option written
by a Fund is covered when, among other things, cash or liquid securities
having a value equal to or greater than the exercise price of the option are
placed in a segregated account with the Fund's custodian to fulfill the
obligation undertaken. The principal reason for writing covered call and
put options is to realize, through the receipt of premiums, a greater return
than would be realized on the underlying securities alone. A Fund receives
a premium from writing covered call or put options which it retains whether
or not the option is exercised.
There is no assurance that sufficient trading interest to create a
liquid secondary market on a securities exchange will exist for any
particular option or at any particular time, and for some options no such
secondary market may exist. A liquid secondary market in an option may
cease to exist for a variety of reasons. In the past, for example, higher
than anticipated trading activity or order flow, or other unforeseen events,
at times have rendered certain of the clearing facilities inadequate and
resulted in the institution of special procedures, such as trading
rotations, restrictions on certain types of orders or trading halts or
suspensions in one or more options. There can be no assurance that similar
events, or events that may otherwise interfere with the timely execution of
customers' orders, will not recur. In such event, it might not be possible
to effect closing transactions in particular options. If, as a covered call
option writer, the Fund is unable to effect a closing purchase transaction
in a secondary market, it will not be able to sell the underlying security
until the option expires or it delivers the underlying security upon
exercise or it otherwise covers its position.
Specific Options Transactions. A Fund may purchase and sell call and put
options on foreign currency. These options convey the right to buy or sell
the underlying currency at a price which is expected to be lower or higher
than the spot price of the currency at the time the option is exercised or
expires.
Dreyfus Equity Dividend Fund may purchase and sell call and put options
in respect of specific securities (or groups or "baskets" of specific
securities) or stock indices listed on national securities exchanges or
traded in the over-the-counter market. An option on a stock index is
similar to an option in respect of specific securities, except that
settlement does not occur by delivery of the securities comprising the
index. Instead, the option holder receives an amount of cash if the closing
level of the stock index upon which the option is based is greater than, in
the case of a call, or less than, in the case of a put, the exercise price
of the option. Thus, the effectiveness of purchasing or writing stock index
options will depend upon price movements in the level of the index rather
than the price of a particular stock.
Dreyfus Equity Dividend Fund, Dreyfus High Yield Funds and Dreyfus Real
Estate Mortgage Fund also may purchase cash-settled options on swaps in
pursuit of their respective investment objective. Equity index swaps in
which Dreyfus Equity Dividend Fund may invest involve the exchange by the
Fund with another party of cash flows based upon the performance of an index
or a portion of an index of securities which usually includes dividends. A
cash-settled option on a swap gives the purchaser the right, but not the
obligation, in return for the premium paid, to receive an amount of cash
equal to the value of the underlying swap as of the exercise date. These
options typically are purchased in privately negotiated transactions from
financial institutions, including securities brokerage firms.
Successful use by a Fund of options will be subject to the ability of
the Manager to predict correctly movements in the prices of individual
stocks, the stock market generally, foreign currencies, or interest rates.
To the extent such predictions are incorrect, a Fund may incur losses.
Future Developments. (All Funds) A Fund may take advantage of
opportunities in the area of options and futures contracts and options on
futures contracts and any other Derivatives which are not presently
contemplated for use by the Fund or which are not currently available but
which may be developed, to the extent such opportunities are both consistent
with the Fund's investment objective and legally permissible for the Fund.
Before entering into such transactions or making any such investment, the
Fund will provide appropriate disclosure in its Prospectus or Statement of
Additional Information.
Forward Commitments. (All Funds) A Fund may purchase securities on a
forward commitment or when-issued basis, which means that delivery and
payment take place a number of days after the date of the commitment to
purchase. The payment obligation and the interest rate receivable on a
forward commitment or when-issued security are fixed when the Fund enters
into the commitment, but a Fund does not make payment until it receives
delivery from the counterparty. A Fund will commit to purchase such
securities only with the intention of actually acquiring the securities, but
the Fund may sell these securities before the settlement date if it is
deemed advisable. The Fund will set aside in a segregated account of the
Fund permissible liquid assets at least equal at all times to the amount of
the commitments.
Securities purchased on a forward commitment or when-issued basis are
subject to changes in value (generally changing in the same way, i.e.,
appreciating when interest rates decline and depreciating when interest
rates rise) based upon the public's perception of the creditworthiness of
the issuer and changes, real or anticipated, in the level of interest rates.
Securities purchased on a forward commitment or when-issued basis may expose
a Fund to risks because they may experience such fluctuations prior to their
actual delivery. Purchasing securities on a when-issued basis can involve
the additional risk that the yield available in the market when the delivery
takes place actually may be higher than that obtained in the transaction
itself. Purchasing securities on a forward commitment or when-issued basis
when a Fund is fully or almost fully invested may result in greater
potential fluctuation in the value of the Fund's net assets and its net
asset value per share.
Investment Considerations and Risks
Lower Rated Securities. (Dreyfus High Yield Funds, Dreyfus Real Estate
Mortgage Fund and Dreyfus Strategic Income Fund only) Each of these Funds
is permitted to invest in securities rated Ba or lower by Moody's Investors
Service, Inc. ("Moody's") or BB or lower by Standard & Poor's Ratings Group
("S&P"), Fitch IBCA, Inc. ("Fitch") and Duff & Phelps Credit Rating Co.
("Duff" and with Moody's, S&P and Fitch, the "Rating Agencies"). Dreyfus
Strategic Income Fund is permitted to invest in securities rated as low as
Caa by Moody's or CCC by S&P. Dreyfus High Yield Funds and Dreyfus Real
Estate Mortgage Fund each are permitted to invest in securities as low as
the lowest rating assigned by the Rating Agencies. Such securities, though
higher yielding, are characterized by risk. See "Description of the Fund--
Investment Considerations and Risks" in the Fund's Prospectus for a
discussion of certain risks and the "Appendix" for a general description of
the Rating Agencies' ratings. Although ratings may be useful in evaluating
the safety of interest and principal payments, they do not evaluate the
market value risk of these securities. The Fund will rely on the Manager's
judgment, analysis and experience in evaluating the creditworthiness of an
issuer.
Investors should be aware that the market values of many of these
securities tend to be more sensitive to economic conditions than are higher
rated securities. These securities generally are considered by the Rating
Agencies to be predominantly speculative with respect to capacity to pay
interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation
and generally will involve more credit risk than securities in the higher
rating categories.
Companies that issue certain of these securities often are highly
leveraged and may not have available to them more traditional methods of
financing. Therefore, the risk associated with acquiring the securities of
such issuers generally is greater than is the case with the higher rated
securities. For example, during an economic downturn or a sustained period
of rising interest rates, highly leveraged issuers of these securities may
not have sufficient revenues to meet their interest payment obligations.
The issuer's ability to service its debt obligations also may be affected
adversely by specific corporate developments, forecasts, or the
unavailability of additional financing. The risk of loss because of default
by the issuer is significantly greater for the holders of these securities
because such securities generally are unsecured and often are subordinated
to other creditors of the issuer.
Because there is no established retail secondary market for many of
these securities, the Fund anticipates that such securities could be sold
only to a limited number of dealers or institutional investors. To the
extent a secondary trading market for these securities does exist, it
generally is not as liquid as the secondary market for higher rated
securities. The lack of a liquid secondary market may have an adverse
impact on market price and yield and the Fund's ability to dispose of
particular issues when necessary to meet the Fund's liquidity needs or in
response to a specific economic event such as a deterioration in the
creditworthiness of the issuer. The lack of a liquid secondary market for
certain securities also may make it more difficult for the Fund to obtain
accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing the Fund's portfolio and
calculating its net asset value. Adverse publicity and investor
perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the
values and liquidity of these securities. In such cases, judgment may play
a greater role in valuation because less reliable, objective data may be
available.
These securities may be particularly susceptible to economic downturns.
It is likely that an economic recession could disrupt severely the market
for such securities and may have an adverse impact on the value of such
securities. In addition, it is likely that any such economic downturn could
adversely affect the ability of the issuers of such securities to repay
principal and pay interest thereon and increase the incidence of default for
such securities.
A Fund may acquire these securities during an initial offering. Such
securities may involve special risks because they are new issues. No Fund
has an arrangement with any person concerning the acquisition of such
securities, and the Manager will review carefully the credit and other
characteristics pertinent to such new issues.
Investment Restrictions
Dreyfus Equity Dividend Fund and Dreyfus High Yield Funds only. Each
of these Funds has adopted investment restrictions numbered 1 through 10 as
fundamental policies, which cannot be changed, as to a Fund, without
approval by the holders of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the
Fund's outstanding voting shares. Investment restrictions numbered 11
through 16 are not fundamental policies and may be changed by vote of a
majority of the Company's Board members at any time. None of these Funds
may:
1. Invest more than 5% of its assets in the obligations of any
single
issuer, except that up to 25% of the value of the Fund's total assets may be
invested, and securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, or its
agencies or instrumentalities may be purchased, without regard to any such
limitation.
2. Hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any
single issuer. This Investment Restriction applies only with respect to 75%
of the Fund's total assets.
3. Invest more than 25% of the value of its total assets in the
securities of issuers in any single industry, provided that there shall be
no limitation on the purchase of obligations issued or guaranteed by the
U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities.
4. Invest in commodities, except that the Fund may purchase and
sell
options, forward contracts, futures contracts, including those related to
indices, and options on futures contracts or indices.
5. Purchase, hold or deal in real estate, or oil, gas or other
mineral leases or exploration or development programs, but the Fund may
purchase and sell securities that are secured by real estate or issued by
companies that invest or deal in real estate or real estate investment
trusts.
6. Borrow money, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act
(which currently limits borrowing to no more than 33-1/3% of the value of
the Fund's total assets). For purposes of this Investment Restriction, the
entry into options, forward contracts, futures contracts, including those
relating to indices, and options on futures contracts or indices shall not
constitute borrowing.
7. Make loans to others, except through the purchase of debt
obligations and the entry into repurchase agreements. However, the Fund may
lend its portfolio securities in an amount not to exceed 33-1/3% of the
value of its total assets. Any loans of portfolio securities will be made
according to guidelines established by the Securities and Exchange
Commission and the Company's Board.
8. Act as an underwriter of securities of other issuers, except to
the extent the Fund may be deemed an underwriter under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended, by virtue of disposing of portfolio securities.
9. Issue any senior security (as such term is defined in Section
18(f) of the 1940 Act), except to the extent the activities permitted in
Investment Restriction Nos. 4, 6, 13 and 14 may be deemed to give rise to a
senior security.
10. Purchase securities on margin, but the Fund may make margin
deposits in connection with transactions in options, forward contracts,
futures contracts, and options on futures contracts.
11. Purchase securities of any company having less than three years'
continuous operations (including operations of any predecessor) if such
purchase would cause the value of the Fund's investments in all such
companies to exceed 5% of the value of its total assets.
12. Invest in the securities of a company for the purpose of
exercising management or control, but the Fund will vote the securities it
owns in its portfolio as a shareholder in accordance with its views.
13. Pledge, mortgage or hypothecate its assets, except to the extent
necessary to secure permitted borrowings and to the extent related to the
purchase of securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis and the
deposit of assets in escrow in connection with writing covered put and call
options and collateral and initial or variation margin arrangements with
respect to options, forward contracts, futures contracts, and options on
futures contracts.
14. Purchase, sell or write puts, calls or combinations thereof,
except as described in the relevant Fund's Prospectus and Statement of
Additional Information.
15. Enter into repurchase agreements providing for settlement in
more
than seven days after notice or purchase securities which are illiquid, if,
in the aggregate, more than 15% of the value of the Fund's net assets would
be so invested.
16. Purchase securities of other investment companies, except to the
extent permitted under the 1940 Act.
* * *
Dreyfus Strategic Income Fund only. The Fund has adopted investment
restrictions numbered 1 through 14 as fundamental policies, which cannot be
changed without approval by the holders of a majority (as defined in the
1940 Act) of the Fund's outstanding voting shares. Investment restriction
number 15 is not a fundamental policy and may be changed by vote of a
majority of the Company's Board members at any time. The Fund may not:
1. Purchase the securities of any issuer (other than a bank) if such
purchase would cause more than 5% of the value of its total assets to be
invested in securities of such issuer, or invest more than 15% of its assets
in the obligations of any one bank, except that up to 25% of the value of
the Fund's total assets may be invested, and securities issued or guaranteed
by the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities may be
purchased, without regard to such limitations. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, based on rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, the
Fund will not invest more than 5% of its assets in the obligations of any
one bank, except as otherwise provided in such rules.
2. Purchase the securities of any issuer if such purchase would cause
the Fund to hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such
issuer. This restriction applies only with respect to 75% of the Fund's
assets.
3. Purchase securities of any company having less than three years'
continuous operations (including operations of any predecessors) if such
purchase would cause the value of the Fund's investments in all such
companies to exceed 5% of the value of its total assets.
4. Purchase securities of closed-end investment companies except (a)
in the open market where no commission except the ordinary broker's
commission is paid, which purchases are limited to a maximum of (i) 3% of
the total voting stock of any one closed-end investment company, (ii) 5% of
its net assets with respect to any one closed-end investment company and
(iii) 10% of its net assets in the aggregate, or (b) those received as part
of a merger or consolidation. The Fund may not purchase the securities of
open-end investment companies other than itself.
5. Purchase or retain the securities of any issuer if the officers,
Trustees or Directors of the Fund or the Manager individually own
beneficially more than 1/2 of 1% of the securities of such issuer or
together own beneficially more than 5% of the securities of such issuer.
6. Purchase, hold or deal in real estate, or oil and gas interests,
but the Fund may purchase and sell securities that are secured by real
estate and may purchase and sell securities issued by companies that invest
or deal in real estate.
7. Invest in commodities, except that the Fund may purchase and sell
futures contracts, including those relating to indices, and options on
futures contracts or indices.
8. Borrow money, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act
(which currently limits borrowing to no more than 33-1/3% of the value of
the Fund's total assets). For purposes of this investment restriction, the
entry into options, futures contracts, including those relating to indices,
and options on futures contracts or indices shall not constitute borrowing.
9. Pledge, mortgage or hypothecate its assets, except to the extent
necessary to secure permitted borrowings and to the extent related to the
deposit of assets in escrow in connection with writing covered put and call
options and the purchase of securities on a when-issued or delayed-delivery
basis and collateral and initial or variation margin arrangements with
respect to options, futures contracts, including those relating to indices
and options on futures contracts or indices.
10. Make loans to others except through the purchase of debt
obligations or the entry into repurchase agreements. However, the Fund may
lend its portfolio securities in an amount not to exceed 33-1/3% of the
value of its total assets. Any loans of portfolio securities will be made
according to guidelines established by the Securities and Exchange
Commission and the Fund's Board members.
11. Act as an underwriter of securities of other issuers except to the
extent the Fund may be deemed an underwriter under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended, by virtue of disposing of portfolio securities.
12. Invest in the securities of a company for the purpose of
exercising management or control, but the Fund will vote the securities it
owns in its portfolio as a shareholder in accordance with its views.
13. Purchase, sell or write puts, calls or combinations thereof,
except as described in the Fund's Prospectus and this Statement of
Additional Information.
14. Invest more than 25% of its assets in investments in any
particular industry or industries (including banking), provided that, when
the Fund has adopted a temporary defensive posture, there shall be no
limitation on the purchase of obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S.
Government, its agencies or instrumentalities.
15. Enter into repurchase agreements providing for settlement in more
than seven days after notice or purchase securities which are illiquid, if,
in the aggregate, more than 15% of the value of the Fund's net assets would
be so invested.
While not fundamental policies, Dreyfus Strategic Income Fund has
undertaken, so as to permit the sale of Fund shares in certain states, not
to invest in oil, gas and other mineral leases or in real estate limited
partnerships, and to treat securities of foreign issuers which are not
listed on a recognized domestic or foreign exchange and for which a bona
fide market does not exist at the time of purchase or subsequent valuation
as not readily marketable.
* * *
Dreyfus Real Estate Mortgage Fund only. The Fund has adopted investment
restrictions numbered 1 through 8 as fundamental policies, which cannot be
changed without approval by the holders of a majority (as defined in the
1940 Act) of the Fund's outstanding voting shares. Investment restrictions
numbered 9 through 11 are not fundamental policies and may be changed by
vote of a majority of the Company's Board members at any time. The Fund may
not:
1. Invest more than 25% of the value of its total assets in the
securities of issuers in any single industry, provided that there shall be
no limitation on the purchase of obligations issued or guaranteed by the
U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities. For purposes of this
Investment Restriction, securities and instruments backed directly or
indirectly by real estate and real estate mortgages and securities of
companies engaged in the real estate business, including interests in real
estate investment trusts, are not considered an industry.
2. Invest in commodities, except that the Fund may purchase and sell
options, forward contracts, futures contracts, including those related to
indices, and options on futures contracts or indices.
3. Purchase, hold or deal in real estate, but the Fund may purchase
and sell securities that are secured by real estate or issued by companies
that invest or deal in real estate or real estate investment trusts or
acquire and sell real estate as a result of ownership of such securities or
instruments.
4. Borrow money, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act
(which currently limits borrowing to no more than 33-1/3% of the value of
the Fund's total assets). For purposes of this Investment Restriction, the
entry into options, forward contracts, futures contracts, including those
relating to indices, and options on futures contracts or indices shall not
constitute borrowing.
5. Make loans to others, except through the purchase of debt
obligations and the entry into repurchase agreements. However, the Fund may
lend its portfolio securities in an amount not to exceed 33-1/3% of the
value of its total assets. Any loans of portfolio securities will be made
according to guidelines established by the Securities and Exchange
Commission and the Company's Board.
6. Act as an underwriter of securities of other issuers, except to
the extent the Fund may be deemed an underwriter under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended, by virtue of disposing of portfolio securities.
7. Issue any senior security (as such term is defined in Section
18(f) of the 1940 Act), except to the extent the activities permitted in
Investment Restriction Nos. 2, 4, 8 and 9 may be deemed to give rise to a
senior security.
8. Purchase securities on margin, but the Fund may make margin
deposits in connection with transactions in options, forward contracts,
futures contracts, including those related to indices, and options on
futures contracts or indices.
9. Pledge, mortgage or hypothecate its assets, except to the extent
necessary to secure permitted borrowings and to the extent related to the
purchase of securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis and the
deposit of assets in escrow in connection with writing covered put and call
options and collateral and initial or variation margin arrangements with
respect to options, forward contracts, futures contracts, including those
related to indices, and options on futures contracts or indices.
10. Enter into repurchase agreements providing for settlement in more
than seven days after notice or purchase securities which are illiquid, if,
in the aggregate, more than 15% of the value of the Fund's net assets would
be so invested.
11. Purchase securities of other investment companies, except to the
extent permitted under the 1940 Act.
* * *
If a percentage restriction is adhered to at the time of investment, a
later change in percentage resulting from a change in values or assets will
not constitute a violation of
such restriction.
The Company may make commitments more restrictive than the restrictions
listed above so as to permit the sale of Fund shares in certain states.
Should the Company determine that a commitment is no longer in the best
interest of the Fund and its shareholders, the Company reserves the right to
revoke the commitment by terminating the sale of such Fund's shares in the
state involved.
MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPANY
Board members and officers of the Company, together with information as
to their principal business occupations during at least the last five years,
are shown below.
Board Members of the Company
JOSEPH S. DiMARTINO, Chairman of the Board. Since January 1995, Chairman of
the Board of various funds in the Dreyfus Family of Funds. He is also
a director of Century Business Services, Inc. (formerly International
Alliance Services, Inc.), a provider of various outsourcing functions
for small to medium size businesses, The Noel Group, Inc., a venture
capital company, The Muscular Dystrophy Association, HealthPlan
Services Corporation, a provider of marketing, administrative and risk
management services to health and other benefit programs, Carlyle
Industries, Inc. (formerly, Belding Heminway Company, Inc.), a button
packager and distributor, and Staffing Resources, Inc., a temporary
placement agency. For more than five years prior to January 1995, he
was President, a director and, until August 1994, Chief Operating
Officer of the Manager and Executive Vice President and a director of
Dreyfus Service Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Manager
and, until August 24, 1994, the Fund's distributor. From August 1994
until December 31, 1994, he was a director of Mellon Bank Corporation.
Mr. DiMartino is 54 years old and his address is 200 Park Avenue, New
York, New York 10166.
DAVID W. BURKE, Board Member. Chairman of the Broadcasting Board of
Governors, an independent board within the United States Information
Agency, since August 1995. From August 1994 to December 31, 1994, Mr.
Burke was a Consultant to the Manager, and from October 1990 to August
1994, he was Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer of the
Manager. From 1977 to 1990, Mr. Burke was involved in the management
of national television news, as Vice President and Executive Vice
President of ABC News, and subsequently as President of CBS News. He
is 61 years old and his address is Box 654, Eastham, Massachusetts
02642.
ROSALIND GERSTEN JACOBS, Board Member. Director of Merchandise and
Marketing for Corporate Property Investors, a real estate investment
company. From 1974 to 1976, she was owner and manager of a merchandise
and marketing consulting firm. Prior to 1974, she was a Vice President
of Macy's, New York. She is 72 years old and her address is c/o
Corporate Property Investors, 305 East 47th Street, New York, New York
10017.
DIANE DUNST, Board Member. Since January 1992, President of Diane Dunst
Promotion, Inc., a full service promotion agency. From January 1989 to
January 1992, Director of Promotion Services, Lear's Magazine. From
1985 to January 1989, she was Sales Promotion Manager of Elle Magazine.
Ms. Dunst is 58 years old and her address is 1172 Park Avenue,
New York, New York 10128.
JAY I. MELTZER, Board Member. Physician engaged in private practice
specializing in internal medicine. He is also a member of the Advisory
Board of the Section of Society and Medicine, College of Physicians and
Surgeons, Columbia University and a Clinical Professor of Medicine,
Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and
Surgeons. He is 69 years old and his address is 903 Park Avenue, New
York, New York 10021.
DANIEL ROSE, Board Member. President and Chief Executive Officer of Rose
Associates, Inc., a New York based real estate development and
management firm. In July 1994, Mr. Rose received a Presidential
appointment to serve as a Director of the Baltic-American Enterprise
Fund, which will make equity investments and loans and provide
technical business assistance to new business concerns in the Baltic
states. He is also Chairman of the Housing Committee of the Real
Estate Board of New York, Inc., and a Board Member of Corporate
Property Investors, a real estate investment company. He is 68 years
old and his address is c/o Rose Associates, Inc., 200 Madison Avenue,
New York, New York 10016.
WARREN B. RUDMAN, Board Member. Since January 1993, Partner in the law firm
Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison. Also, Mr. Rudman has served,
since October 1996, as a director of Prime Succession, Inc.; since May
1995, as a director of Collins & Aikman Corporation; since January
1993, as a director of Chubb Corporation and of the Raytheon Company;
and since 1988, Mr. Rudman has served as a trustee of Boston College.
He also serves as Chairman of the President's Foreign Intelligence
Advisory Board (as Vice Chairman, from January 1994 through February
1998); and, since 1986, as a member of the Senior Advisory Board of the
Institute of Politics of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard
University. From January 1981 to January 1993, Mr. Rudman served as a
United States Senator from the state of New Hampshire. From January
1993 to December 1994, Mr. Rudman served as Chairman of the Federal
Reserve Bank of Boston. Mr. Rudman is 67 years old and his address is
c/o Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison, 1615 L. Street, N.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20036.
SANDER VANOCUR, Board Member. Since January 1992, Mr. Vanocur has been the
President of Old Owl Communications, a full-service communications
firm. From May 1995 to June 1996, he was a Professional in Residence
at the Freedom Forum in Arlington, VA, and, from January 1994 to May
1997, served as Visiting Professional Scholar at the Freedom Forum
First Amendment Center at Vanderbilt University. From November 1989 to
November 1995, he was a Director of the Damon Runyon-Walter Winchell
Cancer Research Fund. From June 1986 to December 1991, he was a Senior
Correspondent of ABC News and, from October 1977 to December 1991, he
was Anchor of the ABC News program "Business World," a weekly business
program on the ABC television network. Mr. Vanocur joined ABC News in
1977. He is 70 years old and his address is 2928 P Street, N.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20007.
Ordinarily, meetings of shareholders for the purpose of electing Board
members will not be held unless and until such time as less than a majority
of the Board members holding office have been elected by shareholders, at
which time the Board members then in office will call a shareholders'
meeting for the election of Board members. Under the 1940 Act, shareholders
of record of not less than two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Fund
may remove a Board member through a declaration in writing or by vote cast
in person or by proxy at a meeting called for that purpose. The Board will
call a meeting of shareholders for the purpose of voting upon the question
of removal of any Board member when requested in writing to do so by the
shareholders of record of not less than 10% of the Fund's outstanding
shares.
For so long as the Company's plan described in the section captioned
"Shareholder Services Plan" remains in effect, the Board members who are not
"interested persons" of the Company, as defined in the 1940 Act, will be
selected and nominated by the Board members who are not "interested persons"
of the Company.
The Company typically pays its Board members an annual retainer and a
per meeting fee and reimburses them for their expenses. The Chairman of the
Board receives an additional 25% of such compensation. Emeritus Board
members are entitled to receive an annual retainer and a per meeting fee of
one-half the amount paid to them as Board members. The aggregate amount of
compensation paid to each Board member by the Company for the fiscal year
ended October 31, 1997, and by all other funds in the Dreyfus Family of
Funds for which such person is a Board member (the number of which is set
forth in parenthesis next to each Board member's total compensation) for the
year ended December 31, 1997, were as follows:
Total Compensation
From Company and
Aggregate Fund Complex
Name of Board Compensation Paid to Board
Member From Company* Member
Joseph S. DiMartino $6,250 $597,128 (94)
David W. Burke $5,000 $239,000 (51)
Rosalind Gersten Jacobs $5,000 $951,250 (20)
Diane Dunst $5,000 $ 37,750 (10)
Jay I. Meltzer $5,000 $ 37,750 (10)
Daniel Rose $4,500 $ 76,375 (21)
Warren B. Rudman $5,000 $ 89,500 (18)
Sander Vanocur $5,000 $ 87,125 (21)
* Amount does not include reimbursed expenses for attending Board
meetings, which amounted to $191 (Dreyfus Equity Dividend Fund), $199
(Dreyfus High Yield Securities Fund), $0 (Dreyfus Real Estate Mortgage
Fund), $187 (Dreyfus Short Term High Yield Fund) and $1,098 (Dreyfus
Strategic Income Fund) for all Board members as a group.
Officers of the Company
MARIE E. CONNOLLY, President and Treasurer. President, Chief Executive
Officer, Chief Compliance Officer and a director of the Distributor and
Funds Distributor, Inc., the ultimate parent of which is Boston
Institutional Group, Inc., and an officer of other investment companies
advised or administered by the Manager. She is 40 years old.
JOSEPH F. TOWER, III, Vice President and Assistant Treasurer. Senior Vice
President, Treasurer, Chief Financial Officer and a director of the
Distributor and Funds Distributor, Inc., and an officer of other
investment companies advised or administered by the Manager. From July
1988 to August 1994, he was employed by The Boston Company, Inc. where
he held various management positions in the Corporate Finance and
Treasury areas. He is 35 years old.
RICHARD W. INGRAM, Vice President and Assistant Treasurer. Executive Vice
President of the Distributor and Funds Distributor, Inc., and an
officer of other investment companies advised or administered by the
Manager. From March 1994 to November 1995, he was Vice President and
Division Manager for First Data Investor Services Group. From 1989 to
1994, he was Vice President, Assistant Treasurer and Tax Director -
Mutual Funds of The Boston Company, Inc. He is 42 years old.
MARY A. NELSON, Vice President and Assistant Treasurer. Vice President of
the Distributor and Funds Distributor, Inc., and an officer of other
investment companies advised or administered by the Manager. From
September 1989 to July 1994, she was an Assistant Vice President and
Client Manager for The Boston Company, Inc. She is 33 years old.
DOUGLAS C. CONROY, Vice President and Assistant Secretary. Assistant Vice
President of Funds Distributor, Inc., and an officer of other
investment companies advised or administered by the Manager. From
April 1993 to January 1995, he was a Senior Fund Accountant for
Investors Bank & Trust Company. From December 1991 to March 1993, he
was employed as a Fund Accountant at The Boston Company, Inc. He is 28
years old.
MICHAEL S. PETRUCELLI, Vice President and Assistant Treasurer. Senior Vice
President of Funds Distributor, Inc., and an officer of other
investment companies advised or administered by the Manager. From
December 1989 through November 1996, he was employed by GE Investments
where he held various financial, business development and compliance
positions. He also served as Treasurer of the GE Funds and as a
director of GE Investments Services. He is 36 years old.
ELBA VASQUEZ, Vice President and Assistant Secretary. Assistant Vice
President of Funds Distributor, Inc. She has been employed since May
1996 as a Sales Associate in the distribution of World Equity Benchmark
Shares ("WEBS"). From March 1990 to May 1996, she was employed by U.S.
Trust Company of New York. As an officer of U.S. Trust, she held
various positions in the sales and marketing of their proprietary
family of mutual funds. She is 36 years old. Her Address is 200 Park
Avenue, 45th Floor, New York, NY 10166.
KATHLEEN K. MORRISEY, Vice President and Assistant Secretary. Vice President
and Assistant Secretary of Funds Distributor, Inc. Manager of Treasury
Services Administration and an officer of certain investment companies
advised or administered by J.P. Morgan & Co. Incorporated, Montgomery
Asset Management, L.P., and Dresdner RCM Global Investors, Inc. or
their respective affiliates. From July 1994 to November 1995, she was
a Fund Accountant II for Investors Bank & Trust Company. Prior to that
she was a Finance student at Stonehill College in North Easton, MA.
She is 25 years old. Her address is 60 State Street, Boston, MA 02109.
CHRISTOPHER J. KELLEY, Vice President and Assistant Secretary. Vice
President and Senior Associate General counsel of Funds Distributor,
Inc. and Premier Mutual Fund Services, Inc., and an officer of certain
investment companies advised or administered by Harris Trust and
Savings Bank, Waterhouse Asset Management, L.P., or their respective
affiliates. From April 1994 to July 1996, Mr. Kelley was Assistant
Counsel at Forum Financial Group. From October 1992 to March 1994, Mr.
Kelley was employed by Putnam Investments in legal and compliance
capacities. He is 33 years old. His address is 60 State Street,
Boston, MA 02109.
The address of each officer of the Company is 200 Park Avenue, New
York, New York 10166.
The Company's Board members and officers, as a group, owned less than
1% of each Fund's voting securities outstanding on February 17, 1998.
As of February 17, 1998, the following shareholders were known by the
Company to own 5% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the
indicated Fund: Dreyfus Equity Dividend Fund: APT Holdings Corporation,
Wilmington DE (64.50%); Mark N. Jacobs, Short Hills NJ (6.14%). Dreyfus
High Yield Securities Fund: Charles Schwab & Co. Inc. Reinvest Account, San
Francisco CA (18.75%); Charles Schwab & Co. Inc. Cash Account, San Francisco
CA (8.50%); Richard Family Trust, Calabasas CA (7.27%). Dreyfus Short Term
High Yield Securities Fund: Charles Schwab & Co. Inc. Reinvest Account, San
Francisco CA (8.34%). Dreyfus Real Estate Mortgage Fund: MBCIC c/o Mellon
Bank, Wilmington DE (87.1%). A shareholder who beneficially owns, directly
or indirectly, more than 25% of a Fund's voting securities may be deemed a
"control person" (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund.
MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT
The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction
with the section in each Fund's Prospectus entitled "Management of the
Fund."
Management Agreement. The Manager provides management services
pursuant to the Management Agreement (the "Agreement") dated August 24,
1994, as amended August 6, 1997, with the Company. As to each Fund, the
Agreement is subject to annual approval by (i) the Company's Board or (ii)
vote of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the outstanding voting
securities of such Fund, provided that in either event the continuance also
is approved by a majority of the Board members who are not "interested
persons" (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Company or the Manager, by vote
cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such
approval. The Agreement was approved by shareholders of Dreyfus Strategic
Income Fund on August 3, 1994, and was last approved by the Company's Board,
including a majority of the Board members who are not "interested persons"
of any party to the Agreement, at a meeting held on August 6, 1997 as to all
series of the company, except Dreyfus Real Estate Mortgage Fund. With
respect to Dreyfus Real Estate Mortgage Fund, the Agreement was approved by
the Fund's initial stockholder on August 6, 1997. As to each Fund, the
Agreement is terminable without penalty, on 60 days' notice, by the
Company's Board or by vote of the holders of a majority of such Fund's
shares, or, on not less than 90 days' notice, by the Manager. The Agreement
will terminate automatically, as to the relevant Fund, in the event of its
assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
The following persons are officers and/or directors of the Manager: W.
Keith Smith, Chairman of the Board; Christopher M. Condron, President, Chief
Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer and a director; Stephen E.
Canter, Vice Chairman, Chief Investment Officer and a director; Lawrence S.
Kash, Vice Chairman--Distribution and a director; William T. Sandalls, Jr.,
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer; Mark N. Jacobs, Vice
President, General Counsel and Secretary; Patrice M. Kozlowski, Vice
President--Corporate Communications; Mary Beth Leibig, Vice President--Human
Resources; Andrew S. Wasser, Vice President--Information Systems; William V.
Healey, Assistant Secretary; and Mandell L. Berman, Burton Borgelt, Frank V.
Cahouet and Richard F. Syron, directors.
The Manager manages each Fund's investments in accordance with the
stated policies of such Fund, subject to the approval of the Company's
Board. The Manager is responsible for investment decisions, and provides
the Funds with portfolio managers who are authorized by the Board to execute
purchases and sales of securities. The portfolio managers for Dreyfus
Equity Dividend Fund are Timothy Ghriskey and Douglas Ramos. The portfolio
managers for each of Dreyfus High Yield Fund, Dreyfus Strategic Income Fund
and Dreyfus Real Estate Mortgage Fund are Michael Hoeh, Kevin M. McClintock,
Roger King, C. Matthew Olson and Gerald E. Thunelius. The Manager also
maintains a research department with a professional staff of portfolio
managers and securities analysts who provide research services for each Fund
as well as for other funds advised by the Manager.
Mellon Bank, N.A., the Manager's parent, and its affiliates may have
deposit, loan and commercial banking or other relationships with the issuers
of securities purchased by a Fund. The Manager has informed the Company
that in making its investment decisions it does not obtain or use material
inside information that Mellon Bank, N.A. or its affiliates may possess with
respect to such issuers.
The Manager maintains office facilities on behalf of the Funds, and
furnishes statistical and research data, clerical help, accounting, data
processing, bookkeeping and internal auditing and certain other required
services to the Funds. The Manager also may make such advertising and
promotional expenditures, using its own resources, as it from time to time
deems appropriate.
Expenses. All expenses incurred in the operation of the Company are
borne by the Company, except to the extent specifically assumed by the
Manager. The expenses borne by the Company include: organizational costs,
taxes, interest, loan commitment fees, interest and distributions paid on
securities sold short, brokerage fees and commissions, if any, fees of Board
members who are not officers, directors, employees or holders of 5% or more
of the outstanding voting securities of the Manager or any of its
affiliates, Securities and Exchange Commission fees, state Blue Sky
qualification fees, advisory fees, charges of custodians, transfer and
dividend disbursing agents' fees, certain insurance premiums, industry
association fees, outside auditing and legal expenses, costs of maintaining
the Company's existence, costs of independent pricing services, costs
attributable to investor services (including, without limitation, telephone
and personnel expenses), costs of preparing and printing prospectuses and
statements of additional information for regulatory purposes and for
distribution to existing shareholders, costs of shareholders' reports and
meetings, and any extraordinary expenses. Expenses attributable to a
particular Fund are charged against the assets of that Fund; other expenses
of the Company are allocated among the Funds on the basis determined by the
Board, including, but not limited to, proportionately in relation to the net
assets of each Fund.
As compensation for the Manager's services to the Company, the Company
has agreed to pay the Manager a monthly management fee at the annual rate of
.75 of 1% of the value of the average daily net assets of Dreyfus Equity
Dividend Fund, .65 of 1% of the value of the average daily net assets of
each of Dreyfus Real Estate Mortgage Fund and each Dreyfus High Yield Fund,
and .60 of 1% of the value of Dreyfus Strategic Income Fund's average daily
net assets. For the fiscal years and/or periods ended October 31, 1995,
1996 and 1997, as applicable, the management fees payable by each Fund and
the amounts waived by the Manager were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Name of Management Fee Payable Reduction in Fee Net Fee Paid
Fund
1995 1996 1997 1995 1996 1997 1995 1996 1997
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Dreyfus - $15,722(1) $27,673 -- $15,722 $27,673 - $0 $0
Equity
Dividend
Fund
Dreyfus - $72,715(2) $425,180 - $72,715 $279,698 - $0 $145,482
High Yield
Securities
Fund
Dreyfus - - $5,784(3) - - $5,748 - - $0
Real
Estate
Mortgage
Fund
Dreyfus - $18,501(4) $527,739 - $18,501 $15,583 - $ $511,886
Short Term
High Yield
Fund
Dreyfus $1,898,849 $1,829,326 $1,670,431 - - - $1,898,849 $1,829,326 $1,670,431
Strategic
Income
Fund
</TABLE>
(1) For the period December 29, 1995 (commencement of operations) through
October 31, 1996.
(2) For the period March 25, 1996 (commencement of operations) through
October 31, 1996.
(3) For the period September 30, 1997 (commencement of operations) through
October 31, 1997.
(4) For the period August 16, 1996 (commencement of operations) through
October 31, 1996.
As to Dreyfus Equity Dividend Fund, the Dreyfus High Yield Funds and
Dreyfus Strategic Income Fund, the Manager has agreed that if in any fiscal
year the aggregate expenses of the Fund, exclusive of taxes, brokerage,
interest on borrowings and (with the prior written consent of the necessary
state securities commissions) extraordinary expenses, but including the
management fee, exceed the expense limitation of any state having
jurisdiction over the Fund, the Fund may deduct from the payment to be made
to the Manager under the Agreement, or the Manager will bear, such excess
expense. Such deduction or payment, if any, will be estimated daily, and
reconciled and effected or paid, as the case may be, on a monthly basis.
The aggregate of the fees payable to the Manager is not subject to
reduction as the value of a Fund's net assets increases.
PURCHASE OF SHARES
The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction
with the section in each Fund's Prospectus entitled "How to Buy Shares."
The Distributor. The Distributor serves as each Fund's distributor on
a best efforts basis pursuant to an agreement which is renewable annually.
The Distributor also acts as distributor for the other funds in the Dreyfus
Family of Funds and for certain other investment companies.
Dreyfus TeleTransfer Privilege. Dreyfus TeleTransfer purchase orders
may be made at any time. Purchase orders received by 4:00 p.m., New York
time, on any business day that Dreyfus Transfer, Inc., each Fund's transfer
and dividend disbursing agent (the "Transfer Agent"), and the New York Stock
Exchange are open for business will be credited to the shareholder's Fund
account on the next bank business day following such purchase order.
Purchase orders made after 4:00 p.m., New York time, on any business day the
Transfer Agent and the New York Stock Exchange are open for business, or
orders made on Saturday, Sunday or any Fund holiday (e.g., when the New
York Stock Exchange is not open for business), will be credited to the
shareholder's Fund account on the second bank business day following such
purchase order. To qualify to use the Dreyfus TeleTransfer Privilege, the
initial payment for purchase of shares must be drawn on, and redemption
proceeds paid to, the same bank and account as are designated on the Account
Application or Shareholder Services Form on file. If the proceeds of a
particular redemption are to be wired to an account at any other bank, the
request must be in writing and signature-guaranteed. See "Redemption of
Shares--Dreyfus TeleTransfer Privilege."
Reopening an Account. An investor may reopen an account with a minimum
investment of $100 without filing a new Account Application during the
calendar year the account is closed or during the following calendar year,
provided the information on the old Account Application is still applicable.
SHAREHOLDER SERVICES PLAN
The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction
with the section in each Fund's Prospectus entitled "Shareholder Services
Plan."
The Company has adopted a Shareholder Services Plan, pursuant to which
the Company pays the Distributor for the provision of certain services to
each Fund's shareholders. The services provided may include personal
services relating to shareholder accounts, such as answering shareholder
inquiries regarding the Company and providing reports and other information,
and services related to the maintenance of such shareholder accounts. Under
the Shareholder Services Plan, the Distributor may make payments to certain
securities dealers, financial institutions and other financial industry
professionals (collectively, "Service Agents") in respect of these services.
A quarterly report of the amounts expended under the Shareholder
Services Plan, and the purposes for which such expenditures were incurred,
must be made to the Board for its review. In addition, the Shareholder
Services Plan provides that material amendments must be approved by the
Company's Board, and by the Board members who are not "interested persons"
(as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Company and have no direct or indirect
financial interest in the operation of the Shareholder Services Plan or in
any agreements entered into in connection with the Shareholder Services
Plan, by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of
considering such amendments. As to each Fund, the Shareholder Services Plan
is subject to annual approval by such vote of the Board members cast in
person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Shareholder
Services Plan. The Shareholder Services Plan was last so approved on
August 6, 1997. The Shareholder Services Plan is terminable with respect to
each Fund at any time by vote of a majority of the Board members who are not
"interested persons" and who have no direct or indirect financial interest
in the operation of the Shareholder Services Plan or in any agreements
entered into in connection with the Shareholder Services Plan.
For the fiscal year ended October 31, 1997, $696,013, $9,224, $163,531,
and $202,976 was charged the Company as to Dreyfus Strategic Income Fund,
Dreyfus Equity Dividend, Dreyfus High Yield Securities Fund and Dreyfus
Short Term High Yield Fund, respectively, pursuant to the Shareholder
Services Plan. As to Dreyfus Real Estate Mortgage Fund, for the period
September 30, 1997 (commencement of operations) to October 31, 1997, $2,225
was charged to the Company pursuant to the Shareholder Services Plan.
REDEMPTION OF SHARES
The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction
with the section in each Fund's Prospectus entitled "How to Redeem Shares."
Redemption Fee. (Dreyfus High Yield Securities Fund and Dreyfus Real
Estate Mortgage Fund only) Each of these Funds will deduct a redemption fee
equal to 1.00% of the net asset value of Fund shares redeemed (including
redemptions through use of the Fund Exchanges service) where the redemption
or exchange occurs less than six months following the issuance of such
shares. For purposes of computing the six-month period, any issuance of
Fund shares during a month will be deemed to occur on the first day of such
month. The redemption fee will be deducted from redemption proceeds and
retained by the respective Fund.
No redemption fee will be charged on the redemption or exchange of
shares (1) through the Fund's Automatic Withdrawal Plan or Dreyfus Auto-
Exchange Privilege, (2) through accounts that are reflected on the records
of the Transfer Agent as omnibus accounts approved by Dreyfus Service
Corporation, (3) through accounts established by Service Agents approved by
Dreyfus Service Corporation that utilize the National Securities Clearing
Corporation's networking system, or (4) acquired through the reinvestment of
dividends or capital gains distributions.
Wire Redemption Privilege. By using this Privilege, the investor
authorizes the Transfer Agent to act on wire, telephone or letter redemption
instructions from any person representing himself or herself to be the
investor and reasonably believed by the Transfer Agent to be genuine.
Ordinarily, the Company will initiate payment for shares redeemed pursuant
to this Privilege on the next business day after receipt by the Transfer
Agent of the redemption request in proper form. Redemption proceeds ($1,000
minimum) will be transferred by Federal Reserve wire only to the commercial
bank account specified by the investor on the Account Application or
Shareholder Services Form, or to a correspondent bank if the investor's bank
is not a member of the Federal Reserve System. Fees ordinarily are imposed
by such bank and borne by the investor. Immediate notification by the
correspondent bank to the investor's bank is necessary to avoid a delay in
crediting the funds to the investor's bank account.
Investors with access to telegraphic equipment may wire redemption
requests to the Transfer Agent by employing the following transmittal code
which may be used for domestic or overseas transmissions:
Transfer Agent's
Transmittal Code Answer Back Sign
144295 144295 TSSG PREP
Investors who do not have direct access to telegraphic equipment may
have the wire transmitted by contacting a TRT Cables operator at
1-800-654-7171, toll free. Investors should advise the operator that the
above transmittal code must be used and should also inform the operator of
the Transfer Agent's answer back sign.
To change the commercial bank or account designated to receive
redemption proceeds, a written request must be sent to the Transfer Agent.
This request must be signed by each shareholder, with each signature
guaranteed as described below under "Share Certificates; Signatures."
Dreyfus TeleTransfer Privilege. Investors should be aware that if they
have selected the Dreyfus TeleTransfer Privilege, any request for a wire
redemption will be effected as a Dreyfus TeleTransfer transaction through
the Automated Clearing House ("ACH") system unless more prompt transmittal
specifically is requested. Redemption proceeds will be on deposit in the
investor's account at an ACH member bank ordinarily two business days after
receipt of the redemption request. See "Purchase of Shares--Dreyfus
TeleTransfer Privilege."
Share Certificates; Signatures. Any certificates representing Fund
shares to be redeemed must be submitted with the redemption request.
Written redemption requests must be signed by each shareholder, including
each holder of a joint account, and each signature must be guaranteed.
Signatures on endorsed certificates submitted for redemption also must be
guaranteed. The Transfer Agent has adopted standards and procedures
pursuant to which signature-guarantees in proper form generally will be
accepted from domestic banks, brokers, dealers, credit unions, national
securities exchanges, registered securities associations, clearing agencies
and savings associations, as well as from participants in the New York Stock
Exchange Medallion Signature Program, the Securities Transfer Agents
Medallion Program ("STAMP") and the Stock Exchanges Medallion Program.
Guarantees must be signed by an authorized signatory of the guarantor and
"Signature-Guaranteed" must appear with the signature. The Transfer Agent
may request additional documentation from corporations, executors,
administrators, trustees or guardians, and may accept other suitable
verification arrangements from foreign investors, such as consular
verification. For more information with respect to signature-guarantees,
please call one of the telephone numbers listed on the cover.
Redemption Commitment. The Company has committed itself to pay in cash
all redemption requests by any shareholder of record of a Fund, limited in
amount during any 90-day period to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the value
of such Fund's net assets at the beginning of such period. Such commitment
is irrevocable without the prior approval of the Securities and Exchange
Commission. In the case of requests for redemption in excess of such
amount, the Board reserves the right to make payments in whole or in part in
securities or other assets in case of an emergency or any time a cash
distribution would impair the liquidity of the Fund to the detriment of the
existing shareholders. In such event, the securities would be valued in the
same manner as the Fund's securities are valued. If the recipient sold such
securities, brokerage charges would be incurred.
Suspension of Redemptions. The right of redemption may be suspended or
the date of payment postponed (a) during any period when the New York Stock
Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings), (b)
when trading in the markets the relevant Fund ordinarily utilizes is
restricted, or when an emergency exists as determined by the Securities and
Exchange Commission so that disposal of the Fund's investments or
determination of its net asset value is not reasonably practicable, or (c)
for such other periods as the Securities and Exchange Commission by order
may permit to protect the Fund's shareholders.
SHAREHOLDER SERVICES
The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction
with the section in each Fund's Prospectus entitled "Shareholder Services."
Fund Exchanges. Dreyfus High Yield Securities Fund and Dreyfus Real
Estate Mortgage Fund each deduct a redemption fee equal to 1.00% of the net
asset value of Fund shares exchanged where the exchange occurs less than six
months following the issuance of such shares. Shares of other funds
purchased by exchange will be purchased on the basis of relative net asset
value per share as follows:
A. Exchanges for shares of funds that are offered without a
sales load will be made without a sales load.
B. Shares of funds purchased without a sales load may be
exchanged for shares of other funds sold with a sales load, and
the applicable sales load will be deducted.
C. Shares of funds purchased with a sales load may be exchanged
without a sales load for shares of other funds sold without a
sales load.
D. Shares of funds purchased with a sales load, shares of funds
acquired by a previous exchange from shares purchased with a sales
load and additional shares acquired through reinvestment of
dividends or distributions of any such funds (collectively
referred to herein as "Purchased Shares") may be exchanged for
shares of other funds sold with a sales load (referred to herein
as "Offered Shares"), provided that, if the sales load applicable
to the Offered Shares exceeds the maximum sales load that could
have been imposed in connection with the Purchased Shares (at the
time the Purchased Shares were acquired), without giving effect to
any reduced loads, the difference will be deducted.
To accomplish an exchange under item D above, shareholders must notify
the Transfer Agent of their prior ownership of fund shares and their account
number.
To request an exchange, shareholders must give exchange instructions to
the Transfer Agent in writing or by telephone. The ability to issue
exchange instructions by telephone is given to all Fund shareholders
automatically, unless the investor checks the applicable "No" box on the
Account Application, indicating that the investor specifically refuses this
Privilege. By using the Telephone Exchange Privilege, the investor
authorizes the Transfer Agent to act on telephonic instructions from any
person representing himself or herself to be the investor, and reasonably
believed by the Transfer Agent to be genuine. Telephone exchanges may be
subject to limitations as to the amount involved or the number of telephone
exchanges permitted. See "Appendix--Additional Information About Purchases,
Exchanges and Redemptions" in the Prospectus for Dreyfus Real Estate
Mortgage Fund. Shares issued in certificate form are not eligible for
telephone exchange.
To establish a personal retirement plan by exchange, shares of the fund
being exchanged must have a value of at least the minimum initial investment
required for the fund into which the exchange is being made.
Dreyfus Auto-Exchange Privilege. Dreyfus Auto-Exchange Privilege
permits an investor to purchase, in exchange for shares of a Fund, shares of
another fund in the Dreyfus Family of Funds. This Privilege is available
only for existing accounts. Shares will be exchanged on the basis of
relative net asset value as described above under "Fund Exchanges."
Enrollment in or modification or cancellation of this Privilege is effective
three business days following notification by the investor. An investor
will be notified if the investor's account falls below the amount designated
to be exchanged under this Privilege. In this case, an investor's account
will fall to zero unless additional investments are made in excess of the
designated amount prior to the next Auto-Exchange transaction. Shares held
under IRA and other retirement plans are eligible for this Privilege.
Exchanges of IRA shares may be made between IRA accounts and from regular
accounts to IRA accounts, but not from IRA accounts to regular accounts.
With respect to all other retirement accounts, exchanges may be made only
among those accounts.
Fund Exchanges and the Dreyfus Auto-Exchange Privilege are available to
shareholders resident in any state in which shares of the fund being
acquired may legally be sold. Shares may be exchanged only between accounts
having identical names and other identifying designations.
Shareholder Services Forms and prospectuses of the other funds may be
obtained by calling 1-800-645-6561. The Company reserves the right to
reject any exchange request in whole or in part. The Fund Exchanges service
or the Dreyfus Auto-Exchange Privilege may be modified or terminated at any
time upon notice to shareholders.
Automatic Withdrawal Plan. The Automatic Withdrawal Plan permits an
investor with a $5,000 minimum account to request withdrawal of a specified
dollar amount (minimum of $50) on either a monthly or quarterly basis.
Withdrawal payments are the proceeds from sales of Fund shares, not the
yield on the shares. If withdrawal payments exceed reinvested dividends and
distributions, the investor's shares will be reduced and eventually may be
depleted. Automatic Withdrawal may be terminated at any time by the
investor, the Company or the Transfer Agent. Shares for which certificates
have been issued may not be redeemed through the Automatic Withdrawal Plan.
Dreyfus Dividend Sweep. Dreyfus Dividend Sweep allows investors to
invest automatically their dividends or dividends and capital gain
distributions, if any, from a Fund in shares of another fund in the Dreyfus
Family of Funds of which the investor is a shareholder. Shares of other
funds purchased pursuant to this privilege will be purchased on the basis of
relative net asset value per share as follows:
A. Dividends and distributions paid by a fund may be invested
without imposition of a sales load in shares of other funds that
are offered without a sales load.
B. Dividends and distributions paid by a fund which does not
charge a sales load may be invested in shares of other funds sold
with a sales load, and the applicable sales load will be deducted.
C. Dividends and distributions paid by a fund which charges a
sales load may be invested in shares of other funds sold with a
sales load (referred to herein as "Offered Shares"), provided
that, if the sales load applicable to the Offered Shares exceeds
the maximum sales load charged by the fund from which dividends or
distributions are being swept, without giving effect to any
reduced loads, the difference will be deducted.
D. Dividends and distributions paid by a fund may be invested in
shares of other funds that impose a contingent deferred sales
charge ("CDSC") and the applicable CDSC, if any, will be imposed
upon redemption of such shares.
Corporate Pension/Profit-Sharing and Retirement Plans. The Company
makes available to corporations a variety of prototype pension and profit-
sharing plans including a 401(k) Salary Reduction Plan. In addition, the
Company makes available Keogh Plans, IRAs (including regular IRAs, spousal
IRAs for a non-working spouse, Roth IRAs, IRAs set up under a Simplified
Employee Pension Plan ("SEP-IRAs"), Education IRAs, and IRA "Rollover
Accounts") and 403(b)(7) Plans. Plan support services also are available.
Investors who wish to purchase Fund shares in conjunction with a Keogh
Plan, a 403(b)(7) Plan or an IRA, including a SEP-IRA, may request from the
Distributor forms for adoption of such plans.
The entity acting as custodian for Keogh Plans, 403(b)(7) Plans or IRAs
may charge a fee, payment of which could require the liquidation of shares.
All fees charged are described in the appropriate form.
Shares may be purchased in connection with these plans only by direct
remittance to the entity acting as custodian. Purchases for these plans may
not be made in advance of receipt of funds.
The minimum initial investment for corporate plans, Salary Reduction
Plans, 403(b)(7) Plans and SEP-IRAs with more than one participant, is
$1,000, with no minimum on subsequent investments. The minimum initial
investment is $750 for Dreyfus-sponsored Keogh Plans, IRAs (including
regular IRAs, spousal IRAs for a non-working spouse, Roth IRAs, SEP-IRAs,
and rollover IRAs) and 403(b)(7) Plans with only one participant, and $500
for Dreyfus-sponsored Education IRAs, with no minimum on subsequent
purchases. Individuals who open an IRA also may open a non-working spousal
IRA with a minimum investment of $5,000.
Each investor should read the prototype retirement plan and the
appropriate form of custodial agreement for further details on eligibility,
service fees and tax implications, and should consult a tax adviser.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction
with the section in each Fund's Prospectus entitled "How to Buy Shares."
Valuation of Portfolio Securities. The Fund's investments are valued
each business day using available market quotations or at fair value.
Substantially all of each Fund's fixed-income investments (excluding short-
term investments) are valued by one or more independent pricing services
(the "Service") approved by the Board. Securities valued by the Service for
which quoted bid prices in the judgment of the Service are readily available
and are representative of the bid side of the market are valued at the mean
between the quoted bid prices (as obtained by the Service from dealers in
such securities) and asked prices (as calculated by the Service based upon
its evaluation of the market for such securities). Other investments valued
by the Service are carried at fair value as determined by the Service, based
on methods which include consideration of: yields or prices of securities
of comparable quality, coupon, maturity and type; indications as to values
from dealers; and general market conditions. Short-term investments are not
valued by the Service and are valued at the mean price or yield equivalent
for such securities or for securities of comparable maturity, quality and
type as obtained from market makers. Other investments that are not valued
by the Service (including the Equity Securities (as defined in the
Prospectus) purchased by Dreyfus Equity Dividend Fund) are valued at the
last sales price for securities traded primarily on an exchange or the
national securities market or otherwise at the average of the most recent
bid and asked prices. Bid price is used when no asked price is available.
Any assets or liabilities initially expressed in terms of foreign currency
will be translated into U.S. dollars at the midpoint of the New York
interbank market spot exchange rate as quoted on the day of such translation
by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or, if no such rate is quoted on
such date, at the exchange rate previously quoted by the Federal Reserve
Bank of New York or at such other quoted market exchange rate as may be
determined to be appropriate by the Manager. Expenses and fees, including
the management fee (reduced by the expense limitation, if any), are accrued
daily and taken into account for the purpose of determining the net asset
value of a Fund's shares.
Restricted securities, as well as securities or other assets for which
recent market quotations are not readily available, or are not valued by the
Service, are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by the Board.
The Board will review the method of valuation on a current basis. In making
their good faith valuation of restricted securities, the Board members
generally will take the following factors into consideration: restricted
securities which are, or are convertible into, securities of the same class
of securities for which a public market exists usually will be valued at
market value less the same percentage discount at which purchased. This
discount will be revised periodically by the Board if it believes that the
discount no longer reflects the value of the restricted securities.
Restricted securities not of the same class as securities for which a public
market exists usually will be valued initially at cost. Any subsequent
adjustment from cost will be based upon considerations deemed relevant by
the Board.
New York Stock Exchange Closings. The holidays (as observed) on which
the New York Stock Exchange is closed currently are: New Year's Day, Martin
Luther King Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day,
Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas.
DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction
with the section in each Fund's Prospectus entitled "Dividends,
Distributions and Taxes."
Management of the Company believes that each Fund qualified for the
fiscal year ended October 31, 1997 as a "regulated investment company" under
the Code. Each Fund intends to continue to so qualify if such qualification
is in the best interests of its shareholders. As a regulated investment
company, each Fund will pay no Federal income tax on net investment income
and net realized securities gains to the extent that such income and gains
are distributed to shareholders in accordance with applicable provisions of
the Code. The term "regulated investment company" does not imply the
supervision of management or investment practices or policies by any
government agency.
Any dividend or distribution paid shortly after an investor's purchase
may have the effect of reducing the aggregate net asset value of the shares
below the cost of the investment. Such a dividend or distribution would be
a return of investment in an economic sense, although taxable as stated
above. In addition, the Code provides that if a shareholder holds shares of
a Fund for six months or less and has received a capital gain distribution
with respect to such shares, any loss incurred on the sale of such shares
will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of the capital gain
distribution received.
Depending upon the composition of a Fund's income, the entire amount or
a portion of the dividends paid by such Fund from net investment income may
qualify for the dividends received deduction allowable to qualifying U.S.
corporate shareholders ("dividends received deduction"). In general,
dividend income of a Fund distributed to qualifying corporate shareholders
will be eligible for the dividends received deduction only to the extent
that such Fund's income consists of dividends paid by U.S. corporations.
However, Section 246(c) of the Code provides that if a qualifying corporate
shareholder has disposed of Fund shares held for less than 46 days, which 46
days generally must be during the 90-day period commencing 45 days before
the shares become ex-dividend, and has received a dividend from net
investment income with respect to such shares, the portion designated by the
Fund as qualifying for the dividends received deduction will not be eligible
for such shareholder's dividends received deduction. In addition, the Code
provides other limitations with respect to the ability of a qualifying
corporate shareholder to claim the dividends received deduction in
connection with holding Fund shares. The Company anticipates that no
dividend paid by the Dreyfus High Yield Funds, Dreyfus Real Estate Mortgage
Fund or Dreyfus Strategic Income Fund will qualify for the dividends-
received deduction.
A Fund may qualify for and may make an election permitted under Section
853 of the Code so that shareholders may be eligible to claim a credit or
deduction on their Federal income tax returns for, and will be required to
treat as part of the amounts distributed to them, their pro rata portion of
qualified taxes paid or incurred by the Fund to foreign countries (which
taxes relate primarily to investment income). A Fund may make an election
under Section 853 of the Code, provided that more than 50% of the value of
the Fund's total assets at the close of the taxable year consists of
securities in foreign corporations, and the Fund satisfies the applicable
distribution provisions of the Code. The foreign tax credit available to
shareholders is subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code.
Ordinarily, gains and losses realized from portfolio transactions will
be treated as capital gains and losses. However, a portion of the gain or
loss realized from the disposition of foreign currencies (including foreign
currency denominated bank deposits) and non-U.S. dollar denominated
securities (including debt instruments and certain forward contracts and
options) may be treated as ordinary income or loss under Section 988 of the
Code. In addition, all or a portion of any gains realized from the sale or
other disposition of certain market discount bonds will be treated as
ordinary income under Section 1276 of the Code. Finally, all or a portion
of the gain realized from engaging in "conversion transactions" may be
treated as ordinary income under Section 1258 of the Code. "Conversion
transactions" are defined to include certain forward, futures, option and
straddle transactions, transactions marketed or sold to produce capital
gains, or transactions described in Treasury regulations to be issued in the
future.
Under Section 1256 of the Code, any gain or loss realized by a Fund
from certain forward contracts and options transactions will be treated as
60% long-term capital gain or loss and 40% short-term capital gain or loss.
Gain or loss will arise upon exercise or lapse of such contracts and options
as well as from closing transactions. In addition, any such contracts or
options remaining unexercised at the end of a Fund's taxable year will be
treated as sold for their then fair market value, resulting in additional
gain or loss to such Fund characterized in the manner described above.
Offsetting positions held by a Fund involving certain futures or
forward contracts or options transactions may be considered, for tax
purposes, to constitute "straddles." Straddles are defined to include
"offsetting positions" in actively traded personal property. The tax
treatment of straddles is governed by Sections 1092 and 1258 of the Code,
which, in certain circumstances, override or modify the provisions of
Sections 1256 and 988 of the Code. As such, all or a portion of any short
or long-term capital gain from certain straddle transactions may be
recharacterized to ordinary income.
If a Fund were treated as entering into straddles by reason of its
engaging in financial futures or forward contracts or options transactions,
such straddles would be characterized as "mixed straddles" if the futures or
forward contracts or options transactions comprising a part of such
straddles were governed by Section 1256 of the Code. The Fund may make one
or more elections with respect to "mixed straddles." Depending upon which
election is made, if any, the results to the Fund may differ. If no
election is made, to the extent the straddle and conversion transaction
rules apply to positions established by a Fund, losses realized by the Fund
will be deferred to the extent of unrealized gain in the offsetting
position. Moreover, as a result of the straddle and conversion transaction
rules, short-term capital loss on "straddle" positions may be
recharacterized as long-term capital loss, and long-term capital gains or
straddle positions may be treated as short-term capital gains or ordinary
income.
The Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 included constructive sale provisions
that generally will apply if the Fund either (1) holds an appreciated
financial position with respect to stock, certain debt obligations, or
partnership interests ("appreciated financial position") and then enters
into a short sale, futures, forward, or offsetting notional principal
contract (collectively, a "Contract") respecting the same or substantially
identical property or (2) holds an appreciated financial position that is a
Contract and then acquires property that is the same as, or substantially
identical to, the underlying property. In each instance, with certain
exceptions, the Fund generally will be taxed as if the appreciated financial
position were sold at its fair market value on the date the Fund enters into
the financial position or acquires the property, respectively. Transactions
that are identified hedging or straddle transactions under other provisions
of the Code can be subject to the constructive sale provisions.
Investment by a Fund in securities issued or acquired at a discount, or
providing for deferred interest or for payment of interest in the form of
additional obligations could under special tax rules affect the amount,
timing and character of distributions to shareholders by causing a Fund to
recognize income prior to the receipt of cash payments. For example, a Fund
could be required to accrue a portion of the discount (or deemed discount)
at which the securities were issued each year and to distribute such income
in order to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company.
In such case, a Fund may have to dispose of securities which it might
otherwise have continued to hold in order to generate cash to satisfy these
distribution requirements.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
The Manager assumes general supervision over placing orders on behalf
of the Company for the purchase or sale of portfolio securities. Allocation
of brokerage transactions, including their frequency, is made in the best
judgment of the Manager and in a manner deemed fair and reasonable to
shareholders. The primary consideration is prompt execution of orders at
the most favorable net price. Subject to this consideration, the brokers
selected will include those that supplement the Manager's research
facilities with statistical data, investment information, economic facts and
opinions. Information so received is in addition to and not in lieu of
services required to be performed by the Manager and the Manager's fees are
not reduced as a consequence of the receipt of such supplemental
information. Such information may be useful to the Manager in serving both
the Company and other funds which it advises and, conversely, supplemental
information obtained by the placement of business of other clients may be
useful to the Manager in carrying out its obligations to the Company.
Sales of Fund shares by a broker may be taken into consideration, and
brokers also will be selected because of their ability to handle special
executions such as are involved in large block trades or broad
distributions, provided the primary consideration is met. Large block
trades may, in certain cases, result from two or more funds advised or
administered by the Manager being engaged simultaneously in the purchase or
sale of the same security. Certain of a Fund's transactions in securities
of foreign issuers may not benefit from the negotiated commission rates
available to a Fund for transactions in securities of domestic issuers.
When transactions are executed in the over-the-counter market, each Fund
will deal with the primary market makers unless a more favorable price or
execution otherwise is obtainable. Foreign exchange transactions are made
with banks or institutions in the interbank market at prices reflecting a
mark-up or mark-down and/or commission.
Portfolio turnover may vary from year to year as well as within a year.
It is anticipated that in any fiscal year the turnover rate will be less
than 100% for Dreyfus Equity Dividend Fund, less than 200% for Dreyfus Real
Estate Mortgage Fund, and may approach the 200% level for each Dreyfus High
Yield Fund and Dreyfus Strategic Income Fund. In periods in which
extraordinary market conditions prevail, the Manager will not be deterred
from changing a Fund's investment strategy as rapidly as needed, in which
case higher turnover rates can be anticipated which would result in greater
brokerage expenses. The overall reasonableness of brokerage commissions
paid is evaluated by the Manager based upon its knowledge of available
information as to the general level of commissions paid by other
institutional investors for comparable services.
For the fiscal year ended October 31, 1995, Dreyfus Strategic Income
Fund paid no brokerage commissions. For fiscal years ended October 31, 1996
and 1997, Dreyfus Strategic Income Fund paid brokerage commissions of
$28,188 and $41,764, respectively. Gross spreads and concessions on
principal transactions, where determinable, amounted to $633,150, $1,421,838
and $217,238 for the fiscal years ended October 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997,
respectively, for Dreyfus Strategic Income Fund, none of which was paid to
the Distributor. For the period from commencement of operations of each
Fund through October 31, 1996, and for the fiscal year ended October 31,
1997, Dreyfus Equity Dividend, Dreyfus High Yield Securities Fund, and
Dreyfus Short Term High Yield Fund paid brokerage commissions of $10,205,
$11,048, $5,740, $17,136, $250 and $80, respectively. Gross spreads and
concessions on principal transactions, where determinable, amounted to
$2,875 and $1,637, $133,243 and $266,750 and $18,500 and $52,200, for the
period from commencement of operations of each Fund through October 31, 1996
and for the fiscal year ended October 31, 1997 for Dreyfus Equity Dividend,
Dreyfus High Yield Securities Fund and Dreyfus Short Term High Yield Fund,
respectively, none of which was paid to the Distributor. For the period
from September 30, 1997 (commencement of operations) through October 31,
1997, Dreyfus Real Estate Mortgage Fund paid $3,000 in brokerage
commissions. Gross spreads and concessions on principal transactions, where
determinable, amounted to $0, for the period from September 30, 1997 through
October 31, 1997, none of which was paid to the Distributor.
With respect to Dreyfus Equity Dividend Fund, the aggregate amount of
transactions during the fiscal year ended October 31, 1997 in securities
offered on an agency basis through a broker in consideration of , among
other things, research services provided was $3,066,319 and the commissions
and concessions related to such transactions were $4,791.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction
with the section in each Fund's Prospectus entitled "Performance
Information."
Dreyfus Strategic Income Fund's current yield for the 30-day period
ended October 31, 1997 was 6.48%. Dreyfus High Yield Securities Fund's
current yield for the 30-day period ended October 31, 1997 was 11.32%.
During this period, the Manager was waiving receipt of a portion of the
management fee and/or absorbing certain expenses of Dreyfus High Yield
Securities Fund, without which the Fund's 30-day yield would have been
11.23%. Dreyfus Short Term High Yield Fund's current yield for the 30-day
period ended October 31, 1997 was 8.77%. Dreyfus Real Estate Mortgage
Fund's current yield for the period ended October 31, 1997 was 5.04%.
Current yield for a Fund is computed pursuant to a formula which operates as
follows: the amount of the Fund's expenses accrued for the 30-day period
(net of reimbursements) is subtracted from the amount of the dividends and
interest earned (computed in accordance with regulatory requirements) by the
Fund during the period. That result is then divided by the product of: (a)
the average daily number of shares outstanding during the period that were
entitled to receive dividends, and (b) the net asset value per share on the
last day of the period less any undistributed earned income per share
reasonably expected to be declared as a dividend shortly thereafter. The
quotient is then added to 1, and that sum is raised to the 6th power, after
which 1 is subtracted. The current yield is then arrived at by multiplying
the result by 2.
Dreyfus Strategic Income Fund's average annual return for the one-,
five- and ten-year periods ended October 31, 1997, was 11.94%, 9.04% and
10.72%, respectively. Dreyfus High Yield Securities Fund's average annual
total return for the one-year period ended October 31, 1997 and for the
period March 25, 1996 (commencement of operations) through October 31, 1997
was 21.13% and 23.16%, respectively. Dreyfus Short Term High Yield
Securities Fund's average annual total return for the one-year period ended
October 31, 1997 and for the period August 15, 1996 (commencement of
operations) through October 31, 1997 was 13.38% and 14.22%, respectively.
Dreyfus Equity Dividend Fund's average annual total return for the one-year
period ended October 31, 1997 and for the period December 29, 1995
(commencement of operations) through October 31, 1997 was 29.34% and 22.86%,
respectively. Dreyfus Real Estate Mortgage Fund's average annual total
return for the period September 30, 1997 (commencement of operations)
through October 31, 1997 was 5.70%. Average annual total return is
calculated by determining the ending redeemable value of an investment
purchased with a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of the
period (assuming the reinvestment of dividends and distributions), dividing
by the amount of the initial investment, taking the "n"th root of the
quotient (where "n" is the number of years in the period) and subtracting 1
from the result.
Dreyfus Strategic Income Fund's total return for the period October 3,
1986 (commencement of operations) through October 31, 1997 was 182.92%.
Dreyfus Equity Dividend Fund's total return for the period December 29, 1995
(commencement of operations) through October 31, 1997 was 46.06%. Dreyfus
High Yield Securities Fund's total return for the period March 25, 1996
(commencement of operations) through October 31, 1997 was 39.56%. Dreyfus
Short Term High Yield Fund's total return for the period August 16, 1996
(commencement of operations) through October 31, 1997 was 17.45%. Dreyfus
Real Estate Mortgage Fund's total return for the period September 30, 1997
(commencement of operations) through October 31, 1997 was 1.52%. During
these periods, receipt of certain fees was being waived, and operating
expenses were borne, by the Manager, without which total returns for Dreyfus
Equity Dividend Fund, each Dreyfus High Yield Fund, and Dreyfus Real Estate
Mortgage Fund would have been lower. Total return for a Fund is calculated
by subtracting the amount of the Fund's net asset value per share at the
beginning of a stated period from the net asset value per share at the end
of the period (after giving effect to the reinvestment of dividends and
distributions during the period), and dividing the result by the net asset
value per share at the beginning of the period.
From time to time, advertising materials for each Fund may include (i)
biographical information relating to its portfolio manager, including honors
or awards received, and may refer to or include commentary by the Fund's
portfolio manager relating to investment strategy, asset growth, current or
past business, political, economic or financial conditions and other matters
of general interest to investors; (ii) information concerning retirement and
investing for retirement, including statistical data or general discussions
about the growth and development of Dreyfus Retirement Services (in terms of
new customers, assets under management, market share, etc.) and its presence
in the defined contribution plan market; (iii) the approximate number of
then-current Fund shareholders; (iv) Lipper or Morningstar ratings and
related analysis supporting the ratings; (v) discussions of the risk and
reward potential of the high yield securities markets, and the mortgage- and
real estate-related markets, and the comparative performance of each against
other securities markets and relevant indices; and (vi) as to Dreyfus Short
Term High Yield Fund, that as of its inception date the Fund was the first
short-term, high yield fund in the mutual fund industry.
From time to time, the Company may compare a fund's performance against
inflation with the performance of other instruments against inflation, such
as short-term Treasury Bills (which are direct obligations of the U.S.
Government), bonds, stocks, and FDIC-insured bank money market accounts.
INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS
The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction
with the section in each Fund's Prospectus entitled "General Information."
Each Fund share has one vote and, when issued and paid for in
accordance with the terms of the offering, is fully paid and non-assessable.
Fund shares are of one class and have equal rights as to dividends and in
liquidation. Shares have no preemptive, subscription or conversion rights
and are freely transferable.
Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that any matter required to be
submitted under the provisions of the 1940 Act or applicable state law or
otherwise to the holders of the outstanding voting securities of an
investment company, such as the Company, will not be deemed to have been
effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a majority of the
outstanding shares of each series affected by such matter. Rule 18f-2
further provides that a series shall be deemed to be affected by a matter
unless it is clear that the interests of each series in the matter are
identical or that the matter does not affect any interest of such series.
However, the Rule exempts the selection of independent accountants and the
election of Board members from the separate voting requirements of the Rule.
Each Fund will send annual and semi-annual financial statements to all
its shareholders.
TRANSFER AND DIVIDEND DISBURSING AGENT, CUSTODIAN, COUNSEL
AND INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
Dreyfus Transfer, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Manager, P.O.
Box 9671, Providence, Rhode Island 02940-9671, is the Company's transfer and
dividend disbursing agent. Under a transfer agency agreement with the
Company, Dreyfus Transfer, Inc. arranges for the maintenance of shareholder
account records for each Fund, the handling of certain communications
between shareholders and the Fund, and the payment of dividends and
distributions payable by the Fund. For these services, Dreyfus Transfer,
Inc. receives a monthly fee computed on the basis of the number of
shareholder accounts it maintains for the Company during the month, and is
reimbursed for certain out-of-pocket expenses. For the fiscal year ended
October 31, 1997, Dreyfus Strategic Income Fund, Dreyfus Equity Dividend
Fund, Dreyfus High Yield Securities Fund and Dreyfus Short Term High Yield
Fund paid the Transfer Agent $226,107, $576, $22,269 and $33,512
respectively. For the period September 30, 1997 (commencement of
operations) through October 31, 1997, Dreyfus Real Estate Mortgage Fund paid
the Transfer Agent $14.
Mellon Bank, N.A. (the "Custodian"), the Manager's parent, located at
One Mellon Bank Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15258, acts as the
custodian of each Fund's investments. Under a custody agreement with the
Company, the Custodian holds each Fund's portfolio securities and keeps all
necessary accounts and records. For its custody services, the Custodian
receives a monthly fee based on the market value of each Fund's assets held
in custody and receives certain securities transaction changes. For the
fiscal year ended October 31, 1997, Dreyfus Strategic Income Fund, Dreyfus
Equity Dividend Fund, Dreyfus High Yield Securities Fund and Dreyfus Short
Term High Yield Fund paid the Custodian $34,350, $2,477, $10,516 and
$10,991, respectively. For the period September 30, 1997 (commencement of
operations) through October 31, 1997, Dreyfus Real Estate Mortgage Fund paid
the Custodian $767.
Stroock & Stroock & Lavan LLP, 180 Maiden Lane, New York, New York
10038-4982, as counsel for the Company, has rendered its opinion as to
certain legal matters regarding the due authorization and valid issuance of
the shares being sold pursuant to each Fund's Prospectus.
Ernst & Young LLP, 787 Seventh Avenue, New York, New York 10019,
independent auditors, have been selected as auditors of the Company.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND REPORT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
The Company's Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended
October 31, 1997 for each Fund are separate documents supplied with this
Statement of Additional Information, and the financial statements,
accompanying notes and, report of independent auditors appearing therein,
are incorporated by reference in this Statement of Additional Information.
APPENDIX
Description of S&P, Moody's, Fitch and Duff ratings:
S&P
Bond Ratings
AAA
Bonds rated AAA have the highest rating assigned by S&P. Capacity to
pay interest and repay principal is extremely strong.
AA
Bonds rated AA have a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay
principal and differ from the highest rated issues only in small degree.
A
Bonds rated A have a strong capacity to pay interest and repay
principal although they are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects
of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in
higher rated categories.
BBB
Bonds rated BBB are regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay
interest and repay principal. Whereas they normally exhibit adequate
protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances
are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay
principal for bonds in this category than for bonds in higher rated
categories.
BB
Bonds rated BB have less near-term vulnerability to default than other
speculative grade debt. However, they face major ongoing uncertainties or
exposure to adverse business, financial or economic conditions which could
lead to inadequate capacity to meet timely interest and principal payments.
B
Bonds rated B have a greater vulnerability to default but presently
have the capacity to meet interest payments and principal repayments.
Adverse business, financial or economic conditions would likely impair
capacity or willingness to pay interest and repay principal.
CCC
Bonds rated CCC have a current identifiable vulnerability to default
and are dependent upon favorable business, financial and economic conditions
to meet timely payments of interest and repayment of principal. In the
event of adverse business, financial or economic conditions, they are not
likely to have the capacity to pay interest and repay principal.
CC
The rating CC is typically applied to debt subordinated to senior debt
which is assigned an actual or implied CCC rating.
C
The rating C is typically applied to debt subordinated to senior debt
which is assigned an actual or implied CCC- debt rating.
D
Bonds rated D are in default, and payment of interest and/or repayment
of principal is in arrears.
S&P's letter ratings may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or a
minus (-) sign designation, which is used to show relative standing within
the major rating categories, except in the AAA (Prime Grade) category.
Commercial Paper Rating
An S&P commercial paper rating is a current assessment of the
likelihood of timely payment of debt having an original maturity of no more
than 365 days. Issues assigned an A rating are regarded as having the
greatest capacity for timely payment. Issues in this category are
delineated with the numbers 1, 2 and 3 to indicate the relative degree of
safety.
A-1
This designation indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely
payment is either overwhelming or very strong. Those issues determined to
possess overwhelming safety characteristics are denoted with a plus (+)
designation.
A-2
Capacity for timely payment on issues with this designation is strong.
However, the relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues
designated A-1.
A-3
Issues carrying this designation have a satisfactory capacity for
timely payment. They are, however, somewhat more vulnerable to the adverse
effects of changes in circumstances than obligations carrying the higher
designations.
B
Issues carrying this designation are regarded as having only
speculative capacity for timely payment.
C
This designation is assigned to short-term obligations with doubtful
capacity for payment.
D
Issues carrying this designation are in default, and payment of
interest and/or repayment of principal is in arrears.
Moody's
Bond Ratings
Aaa
Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They
carry the smallest degree of investment risk and generally are referred to
as "gilt edge." Interest payments are protected by a large or by an
exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various
protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized
are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such
issues.
Aa
Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all
standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what generally are
known as high grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because
margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or
fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may
be other elements present which make the long-term risks appear somewhat
larger than in Aaa securities.
A
Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes
and are to be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving
security to principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may
be present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the
future.
Baa
Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium grade obligations,
i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest
payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain
protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable
over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment
characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.
Ba
Bonds which are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements; their
future cannot be considered as well assured. Often the protection of
interest and principal payments may be very moderate and, therefore, not
well safeguarded during both good and bad times over the future.
Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this class.
B
Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of the desirable
investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance
of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
Caa
Bonds which are rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues may be in
default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal
or interest.
Ca
Bonds which are rated Ca present obligations which are speculative in a
high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked
shortcomings.
C
Bonds which are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds, and issues
so rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever
attaining any real investment standing.
Moody's applies the numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3 to show relative
standing within the major rating categories, except in the Aaa category and
in the categories below B. The modifier 1 indicates a ranking for the
security in the higher end of a rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a
mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end
of a rating category.
Commercial Paper Rating
The rating Prime-1 (P-1) is the highest commercial paper rating
assigned by Moody's. Issuers of P-1 paper must have a superior capacity for
repayment of short-term promissory obligations, and ordinarily will be
evidenced by leading market positions in well established industries, high
rates of return on funds employed, conservative capitalization structures
with moderate reliance on debt and ample asset protection, broad margins in
earnings coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal cash
generation, and well established access to a range of financial markets and
assured sources of alternate liquidity.
Issuers (or related supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 (P-2) have a
strong capacity for repayment of short-term promissory obligations. This
ordinarily will be evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above but
to a lesser degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, will
be more subject to variation. Capitalization characteristics, while still
appropriate, may be more affected by external conditions. Ample alternate
liquidity is maintained.
Issuers (or related supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 (P-3) have
an acceptable capacity for repayment of short-term promissory obligations.
The effect of industry characteristics and market composition may be more
pronounced. Variability in earnings and profitability may result in changes
in the level of debt protection measurements and the requirements for
relatively high financial leverage. Adequate alternate liquidity is
maintained.
Issuers (or related supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not
fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
Fitch
Bond Ratings
The ratings represent Fitch's assessment of the issuer's ability to
meet the obligations of a specific debt issue or class of debt. The ratings
take into consideration special features of the issue, its relationship to
other obligations of the issuer, the current financial condition and
operative performance of the issuer and of any guarantor, as well as the
political and economic environment that might affect the issuer's future
financial strength and credit quality.
AAA
Bonds rated AAA are considered to be investment grade and of the
highest credit quality. The obligor has an exceptionally strong ability to
pay interest and repay principal, which is unlikely to be affected by
reasonably foreseeable events.
AA
Bonds rated AA are considered to be investment grade and of very high
credit quality. The obligor's ability to pay interest and repay principal
is very strong, although not quite as strong as bonds rated AAA. Because
bonds rated in the AAA and AA categories are not significantly vulnerable to
foreseeable future developments, short-term debt of these issuers is
generally rated F-1+.
A
Bonds rated A are considered to be investment grade and of high credit
quality. The obligor's ability to pay interest and repay principal is
considered to be strong, but may be more vulnerable to adverse changes in
economic conditions and circumstances than bonds with higher ratings.
BBB
Bonds rated BBB are considered to be investment grade and of
satisfactory credit quality. The obligor's ability to pay interest and
repay principal is considered to be adequate. Adverse changes in economic
conditions and circumstances, however, are more likely to have an adverse
impact on these bonds and, therefore, impair timely payment. The likelihood
that the ratings of these bonds will fall below investment grade is higher
than for bonds with higher ratings.
BB
Bonds rated BB are considered speculative. The obligor's ability to
pay interest and repay principal may be affected over time by adverse
economic changes. However, business and financial alternatives can be
identified which could assist the obligor in satisfying its debt service
requirements.
B
Bonds rated B are considered highly speculative. While bonds in this
class are currently meeting debt service requirements, the probability of
continued timely payment of principal and interest reflects the obligor's
limited margin of safety and the need for reasonable business and economic
activity throughout the life of the issue.
CCC
Bonds rated CCC have certain identifiable characteristics, which, if
not remedied, may lead to default. The ability to meet obligations requires
an advantageous business and economic environment.
CC
Bonds rated CC are minimally protected. Default in payment of interest
and/or principal seems probable over time.
C
Bonds rated C are in imminent default in payment of interest or
principal.
DDD, DD and D
Bonds rated DDD, DD and D are in actual default of interest and/or
principal payments. Such bonds are extremely speculative and should be
valued on the basis of their ultimate recovery value in liquidation or
reorganization of the obligor. DDD represents the highest potential for
recovery on these bonds and D represents the lowest potential for recovery.
Plus (+) and minus (-) signs are used with a rating symbol to indicate
the relative position of a credit within the rating category. Plus and
minus signs, however, are not used in the AAA category covering 12-36
months.
Short-Term Ratings
Fitch's short-term ratings apply to debt obligations that are payable
on demand or have original maturities of up to three years, including
commercial paper, certificates of deposit, medium-term notes, and municipal
and investment notes.
Although the credit analysis is similar to Fitch's bond rating
analysis, the short-term rating places greater emphasis than bond ratings on
the existence of liquidity necessary to meet the issuer's obligations in a
timely manner.
F-1+
Exceptionally Strong Credit Quality. Issues assigned this rating are
regarded as having the strongest degree of assurance for timely payment.
F-1
Very Strong Credit Quality. Issues assigned this rating reflect an
assurance of timely payment only slightly less in degree than issues rated F-
1+.
F-2
Good Credit Quality. Issues carrying this rating have a satisfactory
degree of assurance for timely payments, but the margin of safety is not as
great as the F-1+ and F-1 categories.
F-3
Fair Credit Quality. Issues assigned this rating have characteristics
suggesting that the degree of assurance for timely payment is adequate;
however, near-term adverse changes could cause these securities to be rated
below investment grade.
F-S
Weak Credit Quality. Issues assigned this rating have characteristics
suggesting a minimal degree of assurance for timely payment and are
vulnerable to near-term adverse changes in financial and economic
conditions.
D
Default. Issues assigned this rating are in actual or imminent payment
default.
Duff
Bond Ratings
AAA
Bonds rated AAA are considered highest credit quality. The risk
factors are negligible, being only slightly more than for risk-free U.S.
Treasury debt.
AA
Bonds rated AA are considered high credit quality. Protection factors
are strong. Risk is modest but may vary slightly from time to time because
of economic conditions.
A
Bonds rated A have protection factors which are average but adequate.
However, risk factors are more variable and greater in periods of economic
stress.
BBB
Bonds rated BBB are considered to have below average protection factors
but still considered sufficient for prudent investment. There may be
considerable variability in risk for bonds in this category during economic
cycles.
BB
Bonds rated BB are below investment grade but are deemed by Duff as
likely to meet obligations when due. Present or prospective financial
protection factors fluctuate according to industry conditions or company
fortunes. Overall quality may move up or down frequently within the
category.
B
Bonds rated B are below investment grade and possess the risk that
obligations will not be met when due. Financial protection factors will
fluctuate widely according to economic cycles, industry conditions and/or
company fortunes. Potential exists for frequent changes in quality rating
within this category or into a higher or lower quality rating grade.
CCC
Bonds rated CCC are well below investment grade securities. Such bonds
may be in default or have considerable uncertainty as to timely payment of
interest, preferred dividends and/or principal. Protection factors are
narrow and risk can be substantial with unfavorable economic or industry
conditions and/or with unfavorable company developments.
DD
Defaulted debt obligations. Issuer has failed to meet scheduled
principal and/or interest payments.
Plus (+) and minus (-) signs are used with a rating symbol (except AAA)
to indicate the relative position of a credit within the rating category.
Commercial Paper Rating
The rating Duff-1 is the highest commercial paper rating assigned by
Duff. Paper rated Duff-1 is regarded as having very high certainty of
timely payment with excellent liquidity factors which are supported by ample
asset protection. Risk factors are minor. Paper rated Duff-2 is regarded
as having good certainty of timely payment, good access to capital markets
and sound liquidity factors and company fundamentals. Risk factors are
small. Paper rated Duff 3 is regarded as having satisfactory liquidity and
other protection factors. Risk factors are larger and subject to more
variation. Nevertheless, timely payment is expected. Paper rated Duff 4 is
regarded as having speculative investment characteristics. Liquidity is not
sufficient to insure against disruption in debt service. Operating factors
and market access may be subject to a high degree of variation. Paper rated
Duff 5 is in default. The issuer has failed to meet scheduled principal
and/or interest payments.
