<PAGE>
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 or 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For Quarter Ended March 31, 1998 Commission File Number 1-1687
------------------- ----------
PPG INDUSTRIES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Pennsylvania 25-0730780
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation (I.R.S. Employer
or organization) Identification No.)
One PPG Place, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15272
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(412) 434-3131
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
As of March 31, 1998, 177,363,906 shares of the Registrant's common stock, par
value $1.66-2/3 per share, were outstanding.
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months, and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements
for the past 90 days.
Yes X No
--------- -------
<PAGE>
PPG INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX
PAGE(S)
Part I. Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements:
Condensed Statement of Income.................................... 2
Condensed Balance Sheet.......................................... 3
Condensed Statement of Cash Flows................................ 4
Notes to Condensed Financial Statements.......................... 5-8
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations........................ 9-12
Part II. Other Information
Item 2. Change in Securities and Use of Proceeds................... 13
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders........13-14
Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K........................... 14
Signature............................................................. 15
- 1 -
<PAGE>
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
- ------------------------------
PPG INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Statement of Income (Unaudited)
-----------------------------------------
(Millions, except per share amounts)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Three Months Ended March 31
------------------------------------------
1998 1997
-------------------- --------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Net sales.......................................................... $1,913 $1,777
Cost of sales...................................................... 1,145 1,087
------ ------
Gross profit.................................................... 768 690
------ ------
Other expenses (earnings):
Selling, general and administrative............................. 263 248
Depreciation.................................................... 89 85
Research and development........................................ 67 58
Interest........................................................ 30 25
Other charges................................................... 18 20
Other earnings.................................................. (27) (25)
------ ------
Total other expenses - net.................................. 440 411
------ ------
Income before income taxes and minority interest................... 328 279
Income taxes....................................................... 126 106
Minority interest.................................................. 10 7
------ ------
Net income......................................................... $ 192 $ 166
====== ======
Earnings per share (Note 2)........................................ $ 1.08 $ 0.91
====== ======
Earnings per share - assuming dilution (Note 2).................... $ 1.07 $ 0.90
====== ======
Dividends per share................................................ $ 0.34 $ 0.33
====== ======
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes to the condensed financial statements are an integral
part of this statement.
- 2 -
<PAGE>
PPG INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Balance Sheet (Unaudited)
-----------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
March 31 Dec. 31
1998 1997
------------------- -------------------
Assets (Millions)
- ------
<S> <C> <C>
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents....................................... $ 141 $ 129
Receivables-net................................................. 1,443 1,353
Inventories (Note 3)............................................ 898 863
Other........................................................... 247 239
-------- --------
Total current assets........................................ 2,729 2,584
Property (less accumulated depreciation of
$3,938 million and $3,903 million).............................. 2,878 2,855
Investments........................................................ 249 219
Other assets....................................................... 1,250 1,210
-------- --------
Total....................................................... $ 7,106 $ 6,868
======== ========
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
- ------------------------------------
Current liabilities:
Short-term borrowings and current
portion of long-term debt................................... $ 522 $ 444
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities........................ 1,212 1,210
Income taxes.................................................... 84 8
-------- --------
Total current liabilities................................... 1,818 1,662
Long-term debt..................................................... 1,230 1,257
Deferred income taxes.............................................. 409 406
Accumulated provisions............................................. 421 421
Other postretirement benefits...................................... 534 531
-------- --------
Total liabilities........................................... 4,412 4,277
-------- --------
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 7)...................
Minority interest.................................................. 87 82
-------- --------
Shareholders' equity:
Common stock.................................................... 484 484
Additional paid-in capital...................................... 103 99
Retained earnings............................................... 5,371 5,239
Treasury stock.................................................. (3,029) (2,990)
Unearned compensation........................................... (150) (162)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (Note 4)................... (172) (161)
-------- --------
Total shareholders' equity.................................. 2,607 2,509
-------- --------
Total....................................................... $ 7,106 $ 6,868
======== ========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes to the condensed financial statements are an integral
part of this statement.
- 3 -
<PAGE>
PPG INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Statement of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
---------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Three Months Ended March 31
-------------------------------------------
1998 1997
-------------------- ---------------------
<S> <C> <C>
(Millions)
Cash from operating activities.................................... $ 219 $ 163
------ ------
Investing activities:
Capital spending............................................... (180) (103)
Reduction of investments....................................... 1 3
Other.......................................................... 1 1
------ ------
Cash used for investing activities......................... (178) (99)
------ ------
Financing activities:
Net change in borrowings with
maturities of three months or less......................... 78 (63)
Proceeds from other short-term debt............................ 40 26
Repayment of other short-term debt............................. (31) (23)
Proceeds from long-term debt................................... 4 203
Repayment of long-term debt.................................... (32) (24)
Repayment of loans by employee stock
ownership plan............................................. 13 12
Purchase of treasury stock, net................................ (41) (94)
Dividends paid................................................. (60) (60)
------ ------
Cash used for financing activities......................... (29) (23)
------ ------
Effect of currency exchange rate changes
on cash and cash equivalents................................... - (1)
------ ------
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents......................... 12 40
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period.................... 129 70
------ ------
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period.......................... $ 141 $ 110
====== ======
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes to the condensed financial statements are an integral
part of this statement.
- 4 -
<PAGE>
PPG INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited)
---------------------------------------------------
1. Financial Statements
--------------------
The condensed financial statements included herein are unaudited. In the
opinion of management, these statements include all adjustments, consisting
only of normal, recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of
the financial position of PPG Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries (the
Company or PPG) at March 31, 1998, and the results of their operations and
their cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 1998 and 1997. These
condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the
financial statements and notes thereto incorporated by reference in PPG's
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1997.
The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 1998 are not
necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
2. Earnings Per Share
------------------
The following table reflects the earnings per share calculations for the
three months ended March 31, 1998 and 1997.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
March 31
(Millions, except per share amounts) 1998 1997
------------------- --------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Earnings per common share
Net income.............................................. $ 192 $ 166
------ ------
Weighted average common shares outstanding.............. 177.5 182.3
------ ------
Earnings per common share............................... $ 1.08 $ 0.91
====== ======
Earnings per common share - assuming dilution
Net income.............................................. $ 192 $ 166
------ ------
Weighted average common shares outstanding.............. 177.5 182.3
Effect of dilutive securities
Stock options......................................... 0.9 0.9
Other stock compensation plans........................ 1.0 1.0
------ ------
Potentially dilutive common shares...................... 1.9 1.9
------ ------
Adjusted common shares outstanding...................... 179.4 184.2
------ ------
Earnings per common share - assuming dilution........... $ 1.07 $ 0.90
====== ======
</TABLE>
- 5 -
<PAGE>
3. Inventories
-----------
Inventories at March 31, 1998 and December 31, 1997 are detailed below.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
March 31 Dec. 31
1998 1997
------------------- --------------------
(Millions)
<S> <C> <C>
Finished products and work in process...................... $ 625 $ 608
Raw materials.............................................. 159 141
Supplies................................................... 114 114
----- -----
Total.................................................. $ 898 $ 863
===== =====
</TABLE>
Most domestic and certain foreign inventories are valued using the last-in,
first-out method. If the first-in, first-out method had been used,
inventories would have been $187 million and $191 million higher at March
31, 1998 and December 31, 1997, respectively.
4. Comprehensive Income
--------------------
During the three months ended March 31, 1998, the Company adopted the
provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 130,
"Reporting Comprehensive Income." Total comprehensive income for the three
months ended March 31, 1998 and 1997 was as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Three Months Ended March 31
-------------------------------------------
1998 1997
-------------------- ---------------------
(Millions)
<S> <C> <C>
Net income................................................. $ 192 $ 166
Other comprehensive income
Unrealized currency translation loss.................... (11) (58)
----- -----
Total comprehensive income............................. $ 181 $ 108
===== =====
</TABLE>
As of March 31, 1998 and December 31, 1997, accumulated other comprehensive
loss, as reflected on the condensed balance sheet, was comprised of the
following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
March 31 Dec. 31
1998 1997
-------------------- ---------------------
(Millions)
<S> <C> <C>
Minimum pension liability adjustment....................... $ (25) $ (25)
Currency translation adjustment............................ (147) (136)
----- -----
Accumulated other comprehensive loss................... $(172) $(161)
===== =====
</TABLE>
- 6 -
<PAGE>
5. Cash Flow Information
---------------------
Cash payments for interest were $23 million and $19 million for the three
months ended March 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively. Net cash payments for
income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 1998 and 1997 were $44
million and $46 million, respectively.
6. Business Segment Information
----------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Three Months Ended March 31
------------------------------------------
1998 1997
-------------------- --------------------
(Millions)
<S> <C> <C>
Net sales:
Coatings.................................................... $ 821 $ 713
Glass....................................................... 687 659
Chemicals................................................... 405 405
------ ------
Total.................................................... $1,913 $1,777
====== ======
Operating income:
Coatings.................................................... $ 130 $ 124
Glass....................................................... 109 89
Chemicals................................................... 111 89
------ ------
Total.................................................... 350 302
Interest expense - net........................................ (27) (23)
Other unallocated corporate income - net...................... 5 -
------ ------
Income before income taxes and minority interest.............. $ 328 $ 279
====== ======
</TABLE>
7. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities
--------------------------------------
PPG is involved in a number of lawsuits and claims, both actual and
potential, including some which it has asserted against others, in which
substantial money damages are sought. These lawsuits and claims relate to
product liability, contract, patent, antitrust, environmental and other
matters arising out of the conduct of PPG's business. PPG's lawsuits and
claims against others include claims against insurers and other third
parties with respect to actual and contingent losses related to
environmental matters. Management believes that the outcome of all
lawsuits and claims involving PPG, in the aggregate, will not have a
material effect on PPG's consolidated financial position, results of
operations or liquidity.
It is PPG's policy to accrue expenses for environmental contingencies when
it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss
can be reasonably estimated. Reserves for environmental contingencies are
exclusive of claims against third parties and are not discounted. As of
March 31, 1998 and December
- 7 -
<PAGE>
31, 1997, PPG had reserves for environmental contingencies totaling $98
million and $100 million. Pre-tax charges against income for environmental
remediation costs for the three months ended March 31, 1998 and 1997
totaled $3 million and $7 million, respectively. Cash outlays related to
such charges aggregated $5 million and $7 million for the three months
ended March 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively.
Management anticipates that the resolution of the Company's environmental
contingencies, which will occur over an extended period of time, will not
result in future annual charges against income that are significantly
greater than those recorded in recent years. It is possible, however, that
technological, regulatory and enforcement developments, the results of
environmental studies and other factors could alter this expectation. In
management's opinion, the Company operates in an environmentally sound
manner and the outcome of the Company's environmental contingencies will
not have a material effect on PPG's financial position or liquidity.
In addition to the amounts currently reserved, the Company may be subject
to loss contingencies related to environmental matters estimated to be as
much as $200 million to $400 million, which range is unchanged from
December 31, 1997. Such unreserved losses are reasonably possible but are
not currently considered to be probable of occurrence. Although insurers
and other third parties may cover a portion of these costs, to the extent
they are incurred, any potential recovery is not included in this
unreserved exposure to future loss. The Company's environmental
contingencies are expected to be resolved over an extended period of time.
Although the unreserved exposure to future loss relates to all sites, a
significant portion of such exposure involves three operating plant sites
and one closed plant site. Initial remedial actions are occurring at these
sites. Studies to determine the nature of the contamination are reaching
completion and the need for additional remedial actions, if any, is
presently being evaluated. The loss contingencies related to the remaining
portion of such unreserved exposure include significant unresolved issues
such as the nature and extent of contamination, if any, at sites and the
methods that may have to be employed should remediation be required.
With respect to certain waste sites, the financial condition of any other
potentially responsible parties also contributes to the uncertainty of
estimating PPG's final costs. Although contributors of waste to sites
involving other potentially responsible parties may face governmental
agency assertions of joint and several liability, in general, final
allocations of costs are made based on the relative contributions of
wastes to such sites. PPG is generally not a major contributor to such
sites.
The impact of evolving programs, such as natural resource damage claims,
industrial site reuse initiatives and state voluntary remediation
programs, also adds to the present uncertainties with regard to the
ultimate resolution of this unreserved exposure to future loss. The
Company's assessment of the potential impact of these environmental
contingencies is subject to considerable uncertainty due to the complex,
ongoing and evolving process of investigation and remediation, if
necessary, of such environmental contingencies.
- 8 -
<PAGE>
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
of Operations
-------------
Performance Overview
Sales increased 8% during the first quarter of 1998 to $1.91 billion compared to
$1.78 billion in the first quarter of 1997. Overall, sales increased as a
result of a 12% improvement in volumes, including sales related to several
acquisitions made in late 1997 and early 1998, primarily in our coatings
segment. These improvements were partially offset by a 3% decline from foreign
currency translation due to the strong U.S. dollar and a 1% decline due to the
absence of sales from our surfactants business which was divested late in 1997.
The gross profit percentage increased to 40.1% compared to 38.8% in the prior
year's quarter. The benefits realized from favorable sales mix changes in all
our segments, improved manufacturing efficiencies within the glass segment, and
lower raw materials and energy costs in our chemicals segment were partially
offset by lower sales prices within our glass segment, and the negative effects
of inflation.
Net income and earnings per share for the first quarter of 1998 were $192
million and $1.08, respectively, compared to net income and earnings per share
of $166 million and $0.91, respectively, for the first quarter of 1997. The
increase in net income in the current quarter is attributable to the same
factors that contributed to the gross profit percentage increase described
above, offset in part by higher selling, general and administrative expenses in
our coatings segment as a result of increased sales volume, the negative effects
of inflation on overhead costs in all our segments, increased interest costs due
to higher outstanding indebtedness, and higher income tax expense. Reduced
average shares outstanding, due to repurchases of PPG's common stock by the
Company, favorably impacted earnings per share in the current quarter.
Performance of Business Segments
Coatings sales increased 15% to $821 million in the first quarter of 1998
compared to $713 million in the same quarter of 1997. A 19% sales volume
increase, including sales from recent acquisitions, was partially offset by a 4%
decline from foreign currency translation. Sales generated from several
acquisitions in late 1997 and early 1998 contributed substantially to the
segment's sales growth in the quarter. Sales also increased due to the impact
of worldwide volume gains for industrial coatings and automotive refinish
products, volume increases in the North American architectural coatings
business, and improved European and North American automotive products volumes.
These sales improvements were partially offset by the unfavorable effects of
foreign currency translation. Operating income increased to $130 million from
$124 million when comparing the first quarter of 1998 and 1997. The improvement
in operating income was due to the improved worldwide volumes for automotive
refinish products, volume increases for our North American architectural
coatings, industrial coatings and automotive products businesses, and the
favorable impact of recent acquisitions. Partially offsetting these positive
factors were higher selling, general and administrative expenses principally
associated with the increased sales levels in our North American industrial
coatings, automotive products, and architectural coatings businesses, and higher
legal expenses.
- 9 -
<PAGE>
Glass sales increased 4% to $687 million in the first quarter of 1998 compared
to $659 million in the first quarter of 1997. An 8% sales volume increase,
including sales associated with an acquisition, was partially offset by a 1%
decline in sales prices in certain businesses, and a 3% decline due to foreign
currency translation. Volume increases for our North American automotive
replacement and automotive original glass products, European glass products, and
worldwide fiber glass products were partially offset by lower selling prices for
our North American automotive replacement glass and flat glass products.
Operating income increased to $109 million in the first quarter of 1998 compared
to $89 million in the prior year's quarter. The increase in operating income was
due to the same factors that contributed to the higher sales levels, improved
manufacturing efficiencies, and increased equity earnings. The negative effects
of inflation and foreign currency translation only partially offset these
favorable factors.
Chemicals sales remained constant at $405 million when comparing the first
quarter of 1998 and the first quarter of 1997. A 7% sales volume increase was
fully offset by a 6% reduction associated with the divestiture of the
surfactants business in late 1997 and a 1% decline from foreign currency
translation. Sales volume increases were principally related to our optical
products business and, to a lesser degree, chlor-alkali and derivative products.
Operating income increased to $111 million in the current quarter versus $89
million in the comparable quarter of the prior year. The improvement in
operating income was due to the favorable volume increases in our optical
products business previously discussed, lower raw material and energy costs
within our chlor-alkali and derivatives business, and lower environmental costs.
Other Factors
The increase in accounts receivable principally results from higher sales in the
first quarter of 1998 compared with the fourth quarter of 1997.
The increase in short-term borrowings principally results from the issuance of
commercial paper in the first quarter of 1998.
The increase in income tax expense in the current quarter is the result of
higher pre-tax earnings as well as an increased effective tax rate, which
increased to 38.5% during the first quarter of 1998 compared to 38.0% in the
first quarter of 1997, due to higher anticipated taxes on foreign earnings. The
increase in income taxes payable was principally the result of the timing of
estimated tax payments.
Acquisitions and Divestitures
In January, 1998, the Company completed the purchase of the automotive coatings
business of Helios-Lacke Bollig & Kemper GmbH & Co. KG of Cologne, Germany, and
the purchase from Chrysler Corporation of certain assets of an automotive glass
plant in Evart, Michigan. The Company has performed preliminary purchase price
allocations as of March 31, 1998 and the operating activity associated with
these acquisitions has been reflected in the Company's operations from the
acquisition dates.
PPG's European flat and automotive glass businesses are not performing at levels
that meet the Company's strategic and performance objectives. Therefore, the
Company is actively engaged in discussions to sell these businesses. The annual
sales generated by these businesses total approximately $450 million.
- 10 -
<PAGE>
Accounting Standards
In June 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of
Financial Accounting Standard No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income." The
adoption of this standard by the Company during the three months ended March 31,
1998 had no impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations or
cash flows.
On March 4, 1998, the Accounting Standards Executive Committee of the American
Institute of Certified Public Accountants issued Statement of Position 98-1,
"Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for
Internal Use," which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15,
1998. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of this
new standard on its financial position and results of operations.
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, including Environmental Matters
PPG is involved in a number of lawsuits and claims, both actual and potential,
including some which it has asserted against others, in which substantial money
damages are sought. These lawsuits and claims relate to product liability,
contract, patent, antitrust, environmental and other matters arising out of the
conduct of PPG's business. PPG's lawsuits and claims against others include
claims against insurers and other third parties with respect to actual and
contingent losses related to environmental matters. Management believes that the
outcome of all lawsuits and claims involving PPG, in the aggregate, will not
have a material effect on PPG's consolidated financial position, results of
operations or liquidity.
It is PPG's policy to accrue expenses for environmental contingencies when it is
probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be
reasonably estimated. Reserves for environmental contingencies are exclusive of
claims against third parties and are not discounted. As of March 31, 1998 and
December 31, 1997, PPG had reserves for environmental contingencies totaling $98
million and $100 million. Pre-tax charges against income for environmental
remediation costs for the three months ended March 31, 1998 and 1997 totaled $3
million and $7 million, respectively. Cash outlays related to such charges
aggregated $5 million and $7 million for the three months ended March 31, 1998
and 1997, respectively.
Management anticipates that the resolution of the Company's environmental
contingencies, which will occur over an extended period of time, will not result
in future annual charges against income that are significantly greater than
those recorded in recent years. It is possible, however, that technological,
regulatory and enforcement developments, the results of environmental studies
and other factors could alter this expectation. In management's opinion, the
Company operates in an environmentally sound manner and the outcome of the
Company's environmental contingencies will not have a material effect on PPG's
financial position or liquidity.
In addition to the amounts currently reserved, the Company may be subject to
loss contingencies related to environmental matters estimated to be as much as
$200 million to $400 million, which range is unchanged from December 31, 1997.
Such unreserved losses are reasonably possible but are not currently considered
to be probable of occurrence. Although insurers and other third parties may
cover a portion of these costs, to the extent they are incurred, any potential
recovery is not included in this unreserved
- 11 -
<PAGE>
exposure to future loss. The Company's environmental contingencies are expected
to be resolved over an extended period of time.
Although the unreserved exposure to future loss relates to all sites, a
significant portion of such exposure involves three operating plant sites and
one closed plant site. Initial remedial actions are occurring at these sites.
Studies to determine the nature of the contamination are reaching completion and
the need for additional remedial actions, if any, is presently being evaluated.
The loss contingencies related to the remaining portion of such unreserved
exposure include significant unresolved issues such as the nature and extent of
contamination, if any, at sites and the methods that may have to be employed
should remediation be required.
With respect to certain waste sites, the financial condition of any other
potentially responsible parties also contributes to the uncertainty of
estimating PPG's final costs. Although contributors of waste to sites involving
other potentially responsible parties may face governmental agency assertions of
joint and several liability, in general, final allocations of costs are made
based on the relative contributions of wastes to such sites. PPG is generally
not a major contributor to such sites.
The impact of evolving programs, such as natural resource damage claims,
industrial site reuse initiatives and state voluntary remediation programs, also
adds to the present uncertainties with regard to the ultimate resolution of this
unreserved exposure to future loss. The Company's assessment of the potential
impact of these environmental contingencies is subject to considerable
uncertainty due to the complex, ongoing and evolving process of investigation
and remediation, if necessary, of such environmental contingencies.
Market Risk
There were no material changes in the Company's exposure to market risk from
December 31, 1997.
- 12 -
<PAGE>
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 2. Change in Securities and Use of Proceeds
- --------------------------------------------------
Directors who are not also Officers of the Company receive Common Stock
Equivalents pursuant to The Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors and The
Directors' Common Stock Plan. Common Stock Equivalents are hypothetical shares
of Common Stock having a value on any given date equal to the value of a share
of Common Stock. Common Stock Equivalents earn dividend equivalents which are
converted into additional Common Stock Equivalents but carry no voting rights or
other rights of a holder of Common Stock. The Common Stock Equivalents credited
to Directors under both plans are exempt from registration under Section 4(2) of
the Securities Act of 1933 as private offerings made only to Directors of the
Company in accordance with the provisions of the plans.
Under the Company's Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors, each Director must
defer receipt of such compensation as the Board mandates. Currently, the Board
mandates deferral of one-third of each payment of the basic annual retainer of
each Director. Each Director may also elect to defer the receipt of (i) an
additional one-third of each payment of the basic annual retainer, (ii) all of
the basic annual retainer, or (iii) all compensation. All deferred payments are
held in the form of Common Stock Equivalents. Payments out of the deferred
accounts are made in the form of Common Stock of the Company (and cash as to any
fractional Common Stock Equivalent). In the first quarter of 1998, the
Directors, as a group, were credited with 1,826 Common Stock Equivalents under
this Plan. The values of the Common Stock Equivalents, when credited, ranged
from $53.375 to $67.938.
Under the Directors' Common Stock Plan, each Director who neither is nor was an
employee of the Company is credited annually with Common Stock Equivalents worth
one-half of the Director's basic annual retainer. No more than 10 years of
credits may be made for the account of any director. Upon termination of
service, the Common Stock Equivalents held in a Director's account are converted
to and paid in Common Stock of the Company (and cash as to any fractional Common
Stock Equivalent). In the first quarter of 1998, the Directors, as a group,
received 200 Common Stock Equivalents under this Plan. The value of each Common
Stock Equivalent, when credited, was $65.438.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
- -------------------------------------------------------------
At the Company's Annual Meeting of Shareholders held on April 16, 1998 (the
"Annual Meeting"), the shareholders voted on the following matters with the
results shown below.
1. On the matter of the election of four directors to serve for the terms
indicated in the proxy statement relating to the Annual Meeting, the vote
was as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Nominees Votes For Votes Withheld
------------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Erroll B. Davis, Jr. 142,104,178 3,232,008
Allen J. Krowe 142,076,695 3,259,491
Robert Mehrabian 142,112,295 3,223,891
Ned C. Lautenbach 142,111,862 3,224,324
</TABLE>
- 13 -
<PAGE>
There were no broker nonvotes with respect to this matter.
Each of the nominees was therefore elected a director to serve for the
terms indicated in the proxy statement relating to the Annual Meeting.
2. On the matter of the election of Deloitte & Touche LLP as auditors for the
Company for the year 1998, the vote was as follows:
For: 144,125,857 Against: 633,500 Abstain: 564,918
There were no broker nonvotes with respect to this matter.
Therefore, Deloitte & Touche LLP were elected auditors for the Company for
1998.
Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K
- ------------------------------------------
(a) Exhibits
(3) PPG Industries, Inc. By-Laws
(12) Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges
(27) Financial Data Schedule
(b) Reports on Form 8-K
(1) The Company filed a Form 8-K on January 16, 1998, dated January
15, 1998, whereby the Company's press release reporting fourth
quarter 1997 earnings was filed as an exhibit.
(2) The Company filed a Form 8-K on March 4, 1998, dated February 19,
1998, to report the declaration of a dividend of preferred share
purchase rights to stockholders of record on April 6, 1998 and to
file the related exhibits.
- 14 -
<PAGE>
SIGNATURE
---------
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the
Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
PPG INDUSTRIES, INC.
------------------------------------
(Registrant)
Date: April 28, 1998 By /s/ W. H. Hernandez
-------------------------------
W. H. Hernandez
Senior Vice President, Finance
(Principal Financial and
Accounting Officer and
Duly Authorized Officer)
- 15 -
<PAGE>
PPG INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
-------------------------------------
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit
Number Description
- ------ -----------
(3) PPG Industries, Inc. By-Laws
(12) Statements Re Computation of Ratios
(27) Financial Data Schedule
<PAGE>
Exhibit 3
BYLAWS
OF
PPG INDUSTRIES, INC.
(Incorporated under the Laws of the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania)
______________________________________
April 16, 1998
<PAGE>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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PAGE
ARTICLE I -- MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS
Section 1.1. Annual Meetings 1
Section 1.2. Business at Annual Meetings 1
Section 1.3. Nominations of Director Candidates 1
Section 1.4. Other Matters Brought by Shareholders 2
Section 1.5. Special Meetings 3
Section 1.6. Business at Special Meetings 3
Section 1.7. Notice 3
Section 1.8. Quorum 3
Section 1.9. Voting 4
Section 1.10. Proxies; Appointment and Revocation 5
Section 1.11. Meeting Procedure 5
ARTICLE II -- BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Section 2.1. Number, Classification and Removal;
Vacancies 5
Section 2.2. Qualifications and Powers 7
Section 2.3. Organizational Meeting 7
Section 2.4. Regular Meetings; Notice 7
Section 2.5. Special Meetings; Notice 7
Section 2.6. Quorum; Action 8
Section 2.7. Fees and Expenses 8
Section 2.8. Charitable Contributions 8
Section 2.9. Catastrophe 8
Section 2.10. Limitation of Liability 9
ARTICLE III -- COMMITTEES
Section 3.1. Standing Committees 9
(a) Audit Committee 10
(b) Nominating and Governance Committee 10
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(c) Officers-Directors Compensation Committee 10
(d) Investment Committee 10
Section 3.2. Other Committees 11
Section 3.3. Organization of and Action by Committees 11
ARTICLE IV -- OFFICERS
Section 4.1. Election 11
Section 4.2. Chairman 12
Section 4.3. Chief Executive Officer 12
Section 4.4. Vice Chairman 12
Section 4.5. President 12
Section 4.6. Vice Presidents and Other Officers 12
Section 4.7. Secretary 13
Section 4.8. Treasurer 13
Section 4.9. Controller 13
Section 4.10. Vacancies 14
Section 4.11. Delegation of Duties 14
ARTICLE V --
MISCELLANEOUS CORPORATE TRANSACTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
Section 5.1. Borrowing 14
Section 5.2. Execution of Instruments 14
Section 5.3. Voting and Acting with Respect to Stock and
Other Securities Owned by the Corporation 15
VI -- INDEMNIFICATION
Section 6.1. Entitlement to Indemnification 15
Section 6.2. Advancement of Expenses 16
Section 6.3. Indemnification Procedure 16
Section 6.4. Partial Indemnification 17
Section 6.5. Insurance 17
Section 6.6. Agreements 18
Section 6.7. Miscellaneous 18
Section 6.8. Construction 18
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Section 6.9. Effectiveness 18
Section 6.10. Amendment 18
ARTICLE VII -- CAPITAL STOCK
Section 7.1. Share Certificates 19
Section 7.2. Transfer of Shares 19
Section 7.3. Holders of Record 20
Section 7.4. Replacement 20
ARTICLE VIII -- MISCELLANEOUS
Section 8.1. Description of Seal 21
Section 8.2. Fiscal Year 21
Section 8.3. Gender 21
Section 8.4. Adoption, Amendment or Repeal of Bylaws 21
iii
<PAGE>
BYLAWS
------
OF
--
PPG INDUSTRIES, INC.
--------------------
(Incorporated under the Laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania)
ARTICLE I
MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS
------------------------
Section 1.1. Annual Meetings. An annual meeting of the shareholders shall
------------ ----------------
be held each year on such day as the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the
"Board of Directors") may designate, or, if not so designated, on the third
Thursday in April if not a legal holiday, and if a legal holiday, then on the
next business day following. Annual meetings shall be held at the registered
office of the Corporation, or at such other places, within or without the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, as may be designated by the Board of Directors.
Section 1.2. Business at Annual Meetings. The business at each annual
------------ ----------------------------
meeting of the shareholders shall include: (a) a review of the business of the
preceding year; (b) the election of directors; and (c) such other business as
may properly be brought before the meeting. No business may be transacted at
any annual meeting other than (i) matters referred to in the notice of the
meeting or any supplement thereto, (ii) matters otherwise properly brought
before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, (iii)
matters properly brought before the meeting by one or more shareholders, but
only in accordance and upon compliance with the provisions of the proxy rules of
the Securities and Exchange commission and the notice provisions of Sections 1.3
and 1.4 of these bylaws and (iv) matters which are incidental or germane to any
of the foregoing.
Section 1.3. Nominations of Director Candidates. Nominations for the
------------ -----------------------------------
election of directors at a meeting of shareholders may be made only (a) by the
Board of Directors or a committee appointed by the Board of Directors or (b) by
a holder of record of stock entitled to vote in the election of the directors to
be elected; but a nomination (other than a nomination to fill a vacancy
resulting from removal from office by a vote of the shareholders under Article
Sixth of the Restated Articles of Incorporation) may be made
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by a shareholder only if written notice of such nomination is given, either by
personal delivery or by United States mail, postage prepaid, to the Secretary
and has been received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the
Corporation not later than (i) with respect to an election to be held at an
annual meeting of shareholders held on the third Thursday in April, 90 days
prior to such annual meeting and (ii) with respect to an election to be held at
an annual meeting of shareholders held on a date other than the third Thursday
in April or an election to be held at a special meeting of the shareholders, the
close of business on the tenth day following the date of the first public
disclosure of the date of such meeting. For purposes of this Section 1.3, the
first public disclosure of the date of any special meeting of shareholders or
any annual meeting of shareholders held on a date other than the third Thursday
in April shall be when disclosure of such meeting date is first made in a filing
made by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission, in any
notice given to the New York Stock Exchange, or in a news release reported by
the Dow Jones News Service, Reuters, Bloomberg, Associated Press or comparable
national news service. Each notice of nomination from a shareholder shall set
forth: (a) the name and address of the shareholder who intends to make the
nomination and of the person or persons to be nominated; (b) a representation
that the shareholder is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled
to vote at such meeting and intends to be present at the meeting in person or by
proxy to nominate the person or persons specified in the notice; (c) a
description of all arrangements or understandings between the shareholder and
each nominee and any other person or persons (naming such person or persons)
pursuant to which the nomination or nominations are to be made by the
shareholder; (d) such other information regarding each nominee proposed by such
shareholder as would be required to be included in a proxy statement filed
pursuant to the proxy rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, had the
nominee been nominated by the Board of Directors; and (e) the written consent of
each nominee, signed by such nominee, to serve as a director of the Corporation
if so elected. The presiding officer of the meeting may refuse to acknowledge
the nomination of any person by a shareholder not made in compliance with the
foregoing procedure.
Section 1.4. Other Matters Brought by Shareholders. For business other
------------ --------------------------------------
than nominations of director candidates properly brought before an annual
meeting by a shareholder pursuant to clause (c) of Section 1.2 of these bylaws,
the shareholder must give timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary and
such business must otherwise be a proper matter for shareholder action. To be
timely, a shareholder's notice shall be given, either by personal delivery or by
United States mail, postage prepaid, to the Secretary and received by the
Secretary at the principal executive officers of the Corporation not later than
90 days prior to such annual meeting, provided that, if such
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annual meeting is held on a date other than the third Thursday in April, such
written notice must be given within ten days after the first public disclosure
of the date of such meeting. For purposes of this Section 1.4, the first public
disclosure of the date of any annual meeting of shareholders held on a date
other than the third Thursday in April shall be when disclosure of such meeting
date is first made in a filing by the Corporation with Securities and Exchange
Commission, in any notice given to the New York Stock Exchange, or in a news
release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Reuters, Bloomberg, Associated
Press or comparable national news service. Such shareholder's notice shall set
forth (a) as to each matter a brief description of the business desired to be
brought before the meeting, the reasons for conducting such business at the
meeting and any material interest in such business of such shareholder; (b) the
beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the notice is given and a specific
representation that the shareholder intends to be present at the meeting in
person or by proxy to present and speak as to such business; and (c) as to the
shareholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf
the notice is given (i) the name and address of such shareholder, as they appear
on the Corporation's books, and of such beneficial owner and (ii) the class and
number of shares of the Corporation which are owned beneficially and of record
by such shareholder and such beneficial owner. The presiding officer of the
meeting may refuse to permit any business to be brought before an annual meeting
by a shareholder without compliance with the procedure set forth in this Section
1.4.
Section 1.5. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the shareholders may be
------------ -----------------
called at any time, for the purpose or purposes set forth in the call, by the
Board of Directors or by the Chairman of the Board of Directors. Special
meetings shall be held at the registered office of the Corporation, or at such
other places, within or without the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, as may be
designated by the Board of Directors or the Chairman of the Board of Directors.
Section 1.6. Business at Special Meetings. No business may be transacted
------------ -----------------------------
at any special meeting of the shareholders other than matters referred to in the
notice of the meeting or any supplement thereto and matters which are incidental
or germane thereto.
Section 1.7. Notice. Written notice specifying the place, date and time
------------ -------
and the general nature of business to be transacted at each meeting of the
shareholders shall be given by the Secretary to each shareholder of record
entitled to vote at such meeting.
Section 1.8. Quorum. A shareholders' meeting shall not be organized for
------------ -------
the transaction of business unless a quorum is present. At any meeting, the
presence in
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<PAGE>
person or by proxy of shareholders entitled to cast the minimum number of votes
required by law to constitute a quorum on a particular matter in the absence of
a bylaw to the contrary, or if no such number is required by law, at least a
majority of the votes which all shareholders are entitled to cast on such
matter, shall be necessary and sufficient to organize a meeting for the purpose
of considering such matter. Notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough
shareholders to leave less than the number of votes required by the preceding
sentence, the shareholders who continue to be present at a duly organized
meeting shall constitute a quorum in order to continue to do business until
adjournment. If a meeting cannot be organized because a quorum has not attended,
those present in person or by proxy may by majority vote adjourn the meeting to
such time and place as they may determine, and it shall not be necessary to give
notice of such adjourned meeting or the business to be transacted at such
meeting to any shareholder other than by announcement at the meeting at which
such adjournment is taken, unless the Board of Directors fixes a new record date
for the adjourned meeting.
Section 1.9. Voting. The voting at all meetings of the shareholders may be
------------ -------
by voice; but any qualified voter may demand a stock vote, whereupon (i) with
respect to any matter specifically set forth in the notice of meeting, such
stock vote shall be taken by ballot, and (ii) in the case of any other vote,
such stock vote may be taken by ballot, by show of hands, or any other manner
selected by the presiding officer. If the vote is taken by ballot, each ballot
shall state the name of the shareholder voting and the number of shares voted by
him, and if such ballot be cast by proxy, it shall state the name of the proxy
voting and the number of shares voted by him as proxy. Each shareholder shall
be entitled to one vote for each share having voting power registered in his
name on the books of the Corporation as of the record date for the determination
of the shareholders entitled to vote at the meeting, and it may be voted by the
shareholder or his duly authorized proxy. When a stock vote is demanded, all
questions shall be decided by a vote of shareholders present, in person or by
proxy, entitled to cast at least a majority of the votes which all shareholders
present and voting (excluding abstentions) are entitled to cast on the
particular matter, unless otherwise especially provided in these bylaws, in the
Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended from time to time (the "Restated
Articles of Incorporation"), or by law, and except that in the case of
privileged, subsidiary or incidental motions or questions involving the
convenience of the shareholders present, the presiding officer may call for a
per capita vote, either by voice or by show of hands. Where a proxy or proxies
represent the holders of shares entitled to cast in aggregate a sufficient
number of votes to adopt a particular resolution, the vote of such proxy or
proxies may, in the discretion of the presiding officer, constitute action by
the shareholders.
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A complete list of the shareholders entitled to vote at any meeting of
shareholders, arranged in alphabetical order with the address of and the number
of shares held by each, shall be prepared by the Secretary and shall be produced
and kept open at the time and place of the meeting and shall be subject to the
inspection of any shareholder during the whole time of the meeting. In lieu of
the making of a list, the Corporation may make the information therein available
at the meeting by any other means.
Section 1.10. Proxies; Appointment and Revocation. Every shareholder
------------- ------------------------------------
entitled to vote at a meeting of the shareholders or to express consent or
dissent to corporate action in writing without a meeting may authorize another
person or persons, but not more than three, to act for him by proxy. Every
proxy shall be executed in writing (including telegram, cable or radiogram,
telex, TWX, facsimile transmission or similar transmission), by the shareholder
or by his duly authorized attorney-in-fact, and filed with the Secretary.
Section 1.11. Meeting Procedure. At all meetings of shareholders, the
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Chairman of the Board of Directors shall preside, but in his absence, the
presiding officer shall be designated by the Board of Directors, or if not so
designated, selected by the shareholders present. The Secretary shall take the
minutes of the meeting, but in the absence of the Secretary or an Assistant
Secretary, the presiding officer shall designate any person to take the minutes
of the meeting. The presiding officer of any meeting shall determine the order
of business and the procedure at the meeting, including such regulation of the
conduct of discussion as seems to him in order. The conduct of meetings shall
be governed by accepted corporate practice (not Roberts' Rules), the fundamental
---
rule being that all who are entitled to take part shall be treated with fairness
and good faith.
ARTICLE II
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
------------------
Section 2.1. Number, Classification and Removal; Vacancies.
------------ ----------------------------------------------
Article Sixth of the Restated Articles of Incorporation reads as follows:
"SIXTH. 6.1 The business and affairs of the corporation shall be managed
-----
by a Board of Directors comprised as follows:
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(a) The Board of Directors shall consist of not less than 9 nor more than
17 persons, the exact number to be fixed from time to time by the Board
of Directors pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority vote of the
directors then in office;
(b) Directors shall, from and after the annual meeting of shareholders held
in 1987, continue to be classified with respect to the time for which
they shall severally hold office by dividing them into 3 classes, as
nearly equal in number as possible. At such meeting and at each
succeeding annual meeting of shareholders, the class of directors then
being elected shall be elected to hold office for a term of 3 years.
Each director shall hold office for the term for which elected and
until his or her successor shall have been elected and qualified;
(c) Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock
then outstanding, any director, any class of directors, or the entire
Board of Directors, may be removed from office by shareholder vote at
any time, with or without assigning any cause, but only if shareholders
entitled to cast at least 80% of the votes which all shareholders would
be entitled to cast at an annual election of directors or of such class
of directors shall vote in favor of such removal; provided, however,
that no individual director shall be removed (unless the entire Board
of Directors or any class of directors be removed) in case the votes
cast against such removal would be sufficient, if voted cumulatively
for such director, to elect him or her to the class of directors of
which he or she is a member; and
(d) Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock
then outstanding, vacancies in the Board of Directors, including
vacancies resulting from an increase in the number of directors, shall
be filled only by a majority vote of the remaining directors then in
office, though less than a quorum, except that vacancies resulting from
removal from office by a vote of the shareholders may be filled by the
shareholders at the same meeting at which such removal occurs. All
directors elected to fill vacancies shall hold office for a term
expiring at the annual meeting of shareholders at which the term of the
class to which they have been elected expires. No decrease in the
number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten
the term of any incumbent director.
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6.2 Notwithstanding any other provisions of law, the Restated Articles or
the bylaws of the corporation, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least
80% of the voting power of the then outstanding shares of capital stock of the
corporation entitled to vote in an annual election of directors, voting together
as a single class, shall be required to amend or repeal, or to adopt any
provision inconsistent with, this Article Sixth."
Section 2.2. Qualifications and Powers. No person shall be elected a
------------ --------------------------
director unless such person owns at least 100 shares of Common Stock of the
Corporation. In addition to the powers and authority expressly conferred upon
it by these bylaws and the Restated Articles of Incorporation, the Board of
Directors may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful
acts and things in the management of the Corporation as are not, by these
bylaws, by the Restated Articles of Incorporation, or by law directed or
required to be exercised or done by the shareholders.
Section 2.3. Organizational Meeting. The first regular meeting of each
------------ -----------------------
newly-elected Board of Directors shall be held immediately following the annual
meeting of the shareholders, and no notice of such meeting shall be necessary in
order legally to constitute the meeting, provided that a quorum of the Board of
Directors shall be present. At such meeting the Board of Directors shall
organize itself, and may elect officers, appoint members of standing committees
and transact any other business.
Section 2.4. Regular Meetings; Notice. Regular meetings of the Board of
------------ -------------------------
Directors shall be held at such time and place as shall be designated by the
Board of Directors from time to time. Notice of such regular meetings of the
Board of Directors shall not be required to be given, except as otherwise
expressly required in these bylaws or by law. However, whenever the time or
place of regular meetings shall be initially fixed or changed, notice of such
action shall be given to each director not participating in such action. Any
business may be transacted at any regular meeting.
Section 2.5. Special Meetings; Notice. Special meetings of the Board of
------------ -------------------------
Directors may be called at any time by the Chairman of the Board of Directors
or, in his absence or during his inability to act, by the Chief Executive
Officer or, in the absence or during the inability of either to act, by the Vice
Chairman of the Board of Directors or, in the absence or during the inability of
any of them to act, by the President, or by any four directors of the
Corporation, by giving notice to the Secretary. Notice of every special meeting
of the Board of Directors stating the place, day and hour thereof shall be given
by the Secretary to each director by being mailed by first class at least five
days, or
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express mail or sent by courier service at least three days, or sent by
telex, TWX, telegram, facsimile transmission or similar transmission or given
personally or by telephone at least 24 hours, before the time at which the
meeting is to be held. Any business may be transacted at any special meeting.
Section 2.6. Quorum; Action. A meeting of the Board of Directors shall not
------------ ---------------
be organized for the transaction of business unless a quorum is present. At any
meeting, a majority of the directors then in office shall be necessary and
sufficient to organize the meeting. A meeting at which a quorum is not present
may be adjourned from time to time by a majority vote of those present to such
time and place as they may determine, and it shall not be necessary to give
notice of such adjourned meeting or the business to be transacted thereat other
than by announcement at the meeting at which such adjournment is taken.
Notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough directors to leave less than a
majority, the directors who continue to be present at a duly organized meeting
shall constitute a quorum in order to continue to do business. Unless otherwise
provided in these bylaws, in the Restated Articles of Incorporation or by law,
the acts of a majority of the directors present and voting (excluding
abstentions) at a duly organized meeting shall be the acts of the Board of
Directors. The yeas and nays shall be taken and recorded in the minutes at the
request of any director present at a meeting.
Section 2.7. Fees and Expenses. The Board of Directors shall fix the
------------ ------------------
compensation of each director (except for those directors who are officers of
the Corporation, whose compensation is to be fixed by the Officers-Directors
Compensation Committee) including, without limitation: (a) a fixed annual fee;
and (b) a fixed sum for attendance at any meeting of the Board of Directors or
any committee. Directors shall be reimbursed for the expenses of attendance at
any meeting of the Board of Directors or any committee.
Section 2.8. Charitable Contributions. The Board of Directors may
------------ -------------------------
authorize contributions out of the income of the Corporation for the public
welfare or for religious, charitable, scientific, or educational purposes.
Section 2.9. Catastrophe. Notwithstanding any other provisions of law, the
------------ ------------
Restated Articles of Incorporation or these bylaws, during any emergency period
caused by a national catastrophe or local disaster, a majority of the surviving
members (or the sole survivor) of the Board of Directors who have not been
rendered incapable of acting because of incapacity or the difficulty of
communication or transportation to the place of meeting, shall constitute a
quorum for the sole purpose of electing directors to fill such emergency
vacancies or to reduce the size of the full Board of Directors or both; and a
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majority of the directors (or the sole survivor) present at such a meeting may
take such action. Directors so elected shall serve until such absent directors
are able to attend meetings or until the shareholders act to elect directors for
such purpose. During such an emergency period, if the Board of Directors and
the Policy and Planning Committee are unable to or fail to meet, any action
appropriate to the circumstances may be taken by such officers of the
Corporation as may be present and able. Questions as to the existence of a
national catastrophe or local disaster and the number of surviving members
capable of acting shall be conclusively determined at the time by the directors
or the officers so acting.
Section 2.10. Limitation of Liability. To the fullest extent that the laws
------------- ------------------------
of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, as in effect on January 27, 1987, or as
thereafter amended, permit the elimination or limitation of the liability of
directors, no director of the Corporation shall be personally liable for
monetary damages as such for any action taken, or any failure to take any
action, as a director. This Section 2.10 shall not apply to any actions filed
prior to January 27, 1987, nor to any breach of performance of duty or any
failure of performance of duty by any director occurring prior to January 27,
1987. The provisions of this Section 2.10 shall be deemed to be a contract with
each director of the Corporation who serves as such at any time while such
provisions are in effect, and each such director shall be deemed to be serving
as such in reliance on such provisions. Any amendment to or repeal of this
Section 2.10, or adoption of any other Article or bylaw of the Corporation,
which has the effect of increasing director liability shall require the
affirmative vote of at least 80% of the voting power of the then outstanding
shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote in an annual
election of directors, voting together as a single class. Any such amendment or
repeal, other Article or bylaw, shall operate prospectively only and shall not
have effect with respect to any action taken, or any failure to act, by a
director prior thereto.
ARTICLE III
COMMITTEES
----------
Section 3.1. Standing Committees. The Board of Directors, upon the
------------ --------------------
recommendation of the Nominating and Governance Committee, shall appoint the
members of the following standing committees:
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(a) Audit Committee, comprised of independent, non-employee members of the
Board of Directors, which shall recommend to the Board of Directors the
independent public accountants to be appointed or elected annually; review with
the independent public accountants and the internal auditors the scope and plan
of their respective future audit programs and their respective reports and
recommendations concerning audit findings; meet with the officers of the
Corporation and separately with the independent public accountants and with the
internal auditors to review audits, annual financial statements prior to their
release, accounting and financial controls and compliance with appropriate codes
of conduct; report on its meetings to the Board of Directors together with its
comments and recommendations; and have such other powers and perform such other
duties as the Board of Directors may specify.
(b) Nominating and Governance Committee, comprised of non-employee members
of the Board of Directors, which shall recommend to the Board of Directors (i)
the persons to be nominated by the Board of Directors to stand for election as
directors at the annual meeting of the shareholders, (ii) the person or persons
to be elected by the Board of Directors to fill any vacancy or vacancies in the
Board of Directors, (iii) the persons to be elected by the Board of Directors to
the offices of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer,
Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, President and any office which would
cause such person to be an executive officer (as defined under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934) of the Corporation, (iv) the persons to be appointed by
the Board of Directors as members of the Office of the Chief Executive and the
Executive Committee, (v) actions to be taken regarding the structure,
organization and functioning of the Board of Directors and (vi) the directors to
be appointed to serve as members, and as chairmen, of the standing and other
committees established by the Board of Directors; and have such other powers and
perform such other duties as the Board of Directors may specify.
(c) Officers-Directors Compensation Committee, comprised of non-employee
members of the Board of Directors, which shall approve, adopt, administer,
interpret, amend, suspend or terminate the compensation plans of the Corporation
applicable to, and fix the compensation and benefits of, (i) all officers of the
Corporation serving as directors of the Corporation and (ii) all executive
officers (as defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) of the
Corporation; and have such other powers and perform such other duties as the
Board of Directors may specify.
(d) Investment Committee, comprised of non-employee members of the Board of
Directors, which shall (i) review the investment policies (a) of the Corporation
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concerning its pension plans and appropriate benefit plans and (b) of the PPG
Industries Foundation concerning its assets and (ii) review (a) the selection of
providers of services to such pension plans and benefit plans and such
Foundation, (b) the allocation among asset classes, and the performance, of the
investments of such pension plans and benefit plans and such Foundation, and (c)
the actuarial assumptions concerning, and the funding levels of, such pension
plans; and have such other powers and perform such other duties as the Board of
Directors may specify.
Section 3.2. Other Committees. The Board of Directors shall establish the
------------ -----------------
Office of the Chief Executive and the Executive Committee and may establish such
other committees as it may deem appropriate, all of which committees shall have
such powers and perform such duties as the Board of Directors may specify and
have such membership, which may or may not include directors, as the Board of
Directors may appoint.
Section 3.3. Organization of and Action by Committees. All committee
------------ ----------------------------- -----------
members appointed by the Board of Directors shall serve at the pleasure of the
Board of Directors. All committees shall determine their own organization,
procedures and times and places of meeting, unless otherwise directed by the
Board of Directors. Any action taken by any committee shall be subject to
alteration or revocation by the Board of Directors; provided, however, that
third parties shall not be prejudiced by such alteration or revocation.
ARTICLE IV
OFFICERS
--------
Section 4.1. Election. The Board of Directors shall elect a Chairman of
------------ ---------
the Board of Directors, a Secretary and a Treasurer. In addition, the Board of
Directors may elect a Chief Executive Officer, Vice Chairman of the Board of
Directors, President and Controller, or any one or more of them, and may elect
one or more Vice Presidents or other officers. Each officer elected by the
Board of Directors shall serve until the next organizational meeting of the
Board of Directors and until his successor, if any, shall have been elected,
unless his resignation or removal shall expressly be effective earlier. Each
officer appointed by the Office of the Chief Executive or the Executive
Committee shall serve until his successor, if any, shall have been appointed,
unless his resignation or
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removal shall expressly be effective earlier. Any officer of the Corporation may
be removed by the Board of Directors with or without cause.
Section 4.2. Chairman. The Chairman of the Board of Directors shall have
------------ ---------
general control and direction of the business of the Corporation. He shall
preside at all meetings of shareholders and directors and shall have such other
powers and perform such other duties as the Board of Directors may specify. The
Chairman of the Board of Directors shall be an ex officio member, without the
right to vote, of the Audit, Nominating and Governance, Officers-Directors
Compensation and Investment Committees. No person shall hold the position of
Chairman of the Board of Directors for a period in excess of ten years.
Section 4.3. Chief Executive Officer. Subject to the control of the
------------ -----------------------
Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer shall have
general control and direction of the business of the Corporation. If no person
is elected to the office of the Chief Executive Officer, the Chairman of the
Board of Directors shall be the Chief Executive Officer.
Section 4.4. Vice Chairman. The Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors
------------ --------------
shall have such powers and perform such duties as the Board of Directors or the
Chairman of the Board of Directors may specify.
Section 4.5. President. The President shall have such powers and perform
------------ ----------
such duties as the Board of Directors or the Chairman of the Board of Directors
may specify. If the office of President is vacant, the Chairman of the Board of
Directors shall have all of the powers and perform all acts incident to the
office of the President.
Section 4.6. Vice Presidents and Other Officers. The Vice Presidents and
------------ -----------------------------------
other officers elected by the Board of Directors shall have such powers and
perform such duties as the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of
Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the Vice Chairman of the Board of
Directors or the President may specify. In the absence of the Chairman of the
Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the Vice Chairman of the Board
of Directors and the President, or during their inability to act, such Vice
Presidents and other officers may exercise, subject to the control of the Board
of Directors, the powers and duties of the Chairman of the Board of Directors,
the Chief Executive Officer, the Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors and the
President. The Vice Presidents and other officers appointed by the Office of
the Chief Executive or the
12
<PAGE>
Executive Committee shall have such powers and perform such duties as the entity
that appointed them or any officers to whom they report, directly or indirectly,
may specify.
Section 4.7. Secretary. The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the
------------ ----------
shareholders and of the Board of Directors and shall keep careful records of all
such meetings, the proceedings of which shall be transcribed into the minute
book of the Corporation over his signature. He shall have custody of the
corporate seal and of all books, documents, and papers of the Corporation
committed to his charge. He shall cause all notices to be given to shareholders
and to directors of the Corporation as may be required by law or these bylaws.
He shall make such reports, have such other powers and perform such other duties
as are authorized or required by law or the Board of Directors may specify. The
Secretary may delegate to one or more Assistant Secretaries any of his powers
and duties. In the absence of the Secretary or during his inability to act, his
powers and duties shall be performed by one or more Assistant Secretaries.
Section 4.8. Treasurer. The Treasurer shall have the custody and care of,
------------ ----------
and shall manage and invest, all the money, securities, and funds of the
Corporation. To the extent not invested in stocks, bonds or other securities,
the Treasurer shall deposit the money and funds of the Corporation in such bank
or banks or depositories as the Board of Directors may designate, provided that
the Board of Directors may delegate to the Treasurer, subject to such
limitations as it may from time to time prescribe, the power to designate such
bank or banks or depositories. Under the direction of the Board of Directors,
the Treasurer shall pay out and dispose of all drafts, notes, checks, warrants,
and orders for the payment of money; render such statements to the Board of
Directors as it shall require; and have such other powers and perform such other
duties as the Board of Directors may specify or which are authorized or required
of the Treasurer by law. The Treasurer may delegate any of his powers and
duties to one or more Assistant Treasurers and, if authorized by the Board of
Directors, any officer or agent of the Corporation. If required by the Board of
Directors, the Treasurer and any Assistant Treasurer shall give bond for the
faithful discharge of his duties in such amount as may be fixed by the Board of
Directors and with such surety as may be approved by the Board of Directors. In
the absence of the Treasurer or during his inability to act, his powers and
duties shall be performed by one or more Assistant Treasurers.
Section 4.9. Controller. The Controller shall keep or cause to be kept all
------------ -----------
books of account and accounting records of the Corporation. He shall
periodically render to the Board of Directors financial statements and reports
covering the results of the operations of the Corporation. Subject to the
control of the Board of Directors, he shall determine all
13
<PAGE>
accounting policies and procedures, including, without limiting the generality
of the foregoing, matters relating to depreciation, depletion, valuation of
inventories, the method of creating reserves and accruals, and the establishment
of the value of land, buildings, equipment, securities and other assets and
shall perform all other acts authorized or required of the Controller by law and
shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as the Board of
Directors may specify. The Controller may delegate to one or more Assistant
Controllers any of his powers and duties. In the absence of the Controller or
during his inability to act, his powers and duties shall be performed by one or
more Assistant Controllers. If the office of Controller is vacant, his duties
shall be performed by the officer designated by the Board of Directors.
Section 4.10. Vacancies. Vacancy in any office or position by reason of
------------- ----------
death, resignation, removal, disqualification or any other cause, shall be
filled in the manner provided in this ARTICLE IV for regular election or
appointment to such office.
Section 4.11. Delegation of Duties. In case of the absence of any officer
------------- ---------------------
of the Corporation, or for any other reason that the Board of Directors may deem
sufficient, the Board of Directors may delegate for the time being the powers
and duties, or any of them, of such officer to any other officer or director or
other person whom it may select.
ARTICLE V
MISCELLANEOUS CORPORATE TRANSACTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
--------------------------------------------------
Section 5.1. Borrowing. No officer, agent or employee of the Corporation
------------ ----------
shall have any power or authority to borrow money on its behalf, to guarantee or
pledge its credit, or to mortgage or pledge any of its real or personal
property, except within the scope and to the extent of such authority as may be
delegated by the Board of Directors. Authority may be granted by the Board of
Directors for any of the above purposes and may be general or limited to
specific instances.
Section 5.2. Execution of Instruments. All properly authorized notes,
------------ -------------------------
bonds, drafts, acceptances, checks, endorsements (other than for deposit),
guarantees, and all evidences of indebtedness of the Corporation whatsoever, and
all deeds, mortgages, contracts and other instruments requiring execution by the
Corporation may be signed by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief
Executive Officer, the Vice Chairman of the Board of
14
<PAGE>
Directors, the President, any Vice President or the Treasurer; and authority to
sign any such instruments, which may be general or confined to specific
instances, may be conferred by the Board of Directors upon any other person or
persons, subject to such requirements as to countersignature or other
conditions, as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine. Facsimile
signatures may be used on checks, notes, bonds or other instruments. Any person
having authority to sign on behalf of the Corporation may delegate, from time to
time, by instrument in writing, all or any part of such authority to any person
or persons if authorized so to do by the Board of Directors. Unless otherwise
delegated, the Board of Directors retains the authority to approve any and all
transactions entered into on behalf of the Corporation.
Section 5.3. Voting and Acting with Respect to Stock and Other Securities
------------ ------------------------------------------------------------
Owned by the Corporation. The Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief
- -------------------------
Executive Officer, the Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President,
any Vice President or the Treasurer of the Corporation shall have the power and
authority to vote and act with respect to all stock and other securities in any
other corporation owned by this Corporation, unless the Board of Directors
confers such authority, which may be general or confined to specific instances,
upon some other officer or person. Any person so authorized shall have the
power to appoint an attorney or attorneys, with general power of substitution,
as proxies for the Corporation, with full power to vote and act on behalf of the
Corporation with respect to such stock and other securities.
ARTICLE VI
INDEMNIFICATION
---------------
Section 6.1. Entitlement to Indemnification. The Corporation shall, to the
------------ -------------------------------
extent that a determination of entitlement is made pursuant to, or to the extent
that entitlement to indemnification is otherwise accorded by, this Article,
indemnify every person who was or is a director, officer or employee of the
Corporation (hereinafter referred to as the "Indemnitee") who was or is involved
in any manner (including, without limitation, as a party or a witness), or is
threatened to be made so involved, in any threatened, pending or completed
investigation, claim, action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal,
administrative or investigative (including without limitation, any
investigation, claim, action, suit or proceeding by or in the right of the
Corporation) by reason of the fact that the Indemnitee is or was a director,
officer or employee of the Corporation, or is or was
15
<PAGE>
serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee,
fiduciary or other representative of another corporation, partnership, joint
venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other entity (such investigation,
claim, action, suit or proceeding hereinafter being referred to as a
"Proceeding"), against any expenses and any liability actually and in good faith
paid or incurred by such person in connection with such Proceeding; provided,
that indemnification may be made with respect to a Proceeding brought by an
Indemnitee against the Corporation only as provided in the last sentence of this
Section 6.1. As used in this Article, the term "expenses" shall include fees and
expenses of counsel and all other expenses (except any liability) and the term
"liability" shall include amounts of judgments, fines or penalties and amounts
paid in settlement. Indemnification may be made under this Article for expenses
incurred in connection with any Proceeding brought by an Indemnitee against the
Corporation only if (1) the Proceeding is a claim for indemnification under this
Article or otherwise, (2) the Indemnitee is successful in whole or in part in
the Proceeding for which expenses are claimed, or (3) the indemnification for
expenses is included in a settlement of, or is awarded by a court in, a
Proceeding to which the Corporation is a party.
Section 6.2. Advancement of Expenses. All expenses incurred in good faith
------------ ------------------------
by or on behalf of the Indemnitee with respect to any Proceeding shall, upon
written request submitted to the Secretary of the Corporation, be advanced to
the Indemnitee by the Corporation prior to final disposition of such Proceeding,
subject to any obligation which may be imposed by law or by provision in the
Articles, bylaws, an agreement or otherwise to repay the Corporation in certain
events.
Section 6.3. Indemnification Procedure.
------------ --------------------------
(a) To obtain indemnification under this Article, an Indemnitee shall
submit to the Secretary of the Corporation a written request, including such
supporting documentation as is reasonably available to the Indemnitee and
reasonably necessary to the making of a determination of whether and to what
extent the Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification. The Secretary of the
Corporation shall promptly thereupon advise the General Counsel in writing of
such request.
(b) The Indemnitee's entitlement to indemnification shall be determined by
a Referee (selected as hereinafter provided) in a written opinion. The Referee
shall find the Indemnitee entitled to indemnification unless the Referee finds
that the Indemnitee's conduct was such that, if so found by a court,
indemnification would be prohibited by Pennsylvania law.
16
<PAGE>
(c) "Referee" means an attorney with substantial expertise in corporate law
who neither presently is, nor in the past five years has been, retained to
represent: (i) the Corporation or the Indemnitee, or an affiliate of either of
them, in any matter material to either such party, except to act as a Referee in
similar proceedings, or (ii) any other party to the Proceeding giving rise to a
claim for indemnification under this Article. The Corporation's General
Counsel, if Disinterested (as hereinafter defined), or if not, the Corporation's
senior officer who is Disinterested, shall propose a Referee. The Secretary of
the Corporation shall notify the Indemnitee of the name of the Referee proposed,
whose appointment shall become final unless the Indemnitee, within 10 days of
such notice, reasonably objects to such Referee as not being qualified,
independent or unbiased. If the Corporation and the Indemnitee cannot agree on
the selection of a Referee, or if the Corporation fails to propose a Referee,
within 45 days of the submission of a written request for indemnification, the
Referee shall be selected by the American Arbitration Association. The General
Counsel or a senior officer shall be deemed Disinterested if not a party to the
Proceeding and not alleged in the pleadings as to the Proceeding to have
participated in the action, or participated in the failure to act, which is the
basis for the relief sought in the Proceeding.
(d) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Article, to the extent that
there has been a determination by a court as to the conduct of an Indemnitee
such that indemnification would not be prohibited by Pennsylvania law, or if an
Indemnitee would be entitled by Pennsylvania law to indemnification, the
Indemnitee shall be entitled to indemnification hereunder.
(e) A determination under this Section 6.3 shall be conclusive and binding
on the Company but not on the Indemnitee.
Section 6.4. Partial Indemnification. If an Indemnitee is entitled under
------------ ------------------------
any provision of this Article to indemnification by the Corporation of a
portion, but not all, of the expenses or liability resulting from a Proceeding,
the Corporation shall nevertheless indemnify the Indemnitee for the portion
thereof to which the Indemnitee is entitled.
Section 6.5. Insurance. The Corporation may purchase and maintain
------------ ----------
insurance to protect itself and any Indemnitee against expenses and liability
asserted or incurred by any Indemnitee in connection with any Proceeding,
whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person
against such expense or liability by law, under an agreement or under this
Article. The Corporation may create a trust fund, grant a
17
<PAGE>
security interest or use other means (including, without limitation, a letter of
credit) to ensure the payment of such amounts as may be necessary to effect
indemnification.
Section 6.6. Agreements. The Corporation may enter into agreements with
------------ -----------
any director, officer or employee of the Corporation, which agreements may grant
rights to the Indemnitee or create obligations of the Corporation in furtherance
of, different from, or in addition to, but not in limitation of, those provided
in this Article, without shareholder approval of any such agreement. Without
limitation of the foregoing, the Corporation may obligate itself (1) to maintain
insurance on behalf of the Indemnitee against certain expenses and liabilities
and (2) to contribute to expenses and liabilities incurred by the Indemnitee in
accordance with the application of relevant equitable considerations to the
relative benefits to, and the relative fault of, the Corporation.
Section 6.7. Miscellaneous. The entitlement to indemnification and
------------ --------------
advancement of expenses provided for in this Article (1) shall be a contract
right, (2) shall not be exclusive of any other rights to which an Indemnitee may
otherwise be entitled under any Article, bylaw, agreement, vote of shareholders
or directors or otherwise, (3) shall continue as to a person who has ceased to
be a director, officer or employee and (4) shall inure to the benefit of the
heirs and legal representatives of any person entitled to indemnification or
advancement of expenses under this Article.
Section 6.8. Construction. If any provision of this Article shall be held
------------ -------------
to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason (1) such provision shall
be invalid, illegal or unenforceable only to the extent of such prohibition and
the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this
Article shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby, and (2) to the
fullest extent possible, the remaining provisions of this Article shall be
construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested by the provision held
invalid, illegal or unenforceable.
Section 6.9. Effectiveness. This Article shall apply to every Proceeding
------------ --------------
other than a Proceeding filed prior to January 27, 1987, except that it shall
not apply to the extent that Pennsylvania law does not permit its application to
any breach of performance of duty or any failure of performance of duty by an
Indemnitee occurring prior to January 27, 1987.
Section 6.10. Amendment. This Article may be amended or repealed at any
------------- ----------
time in the future by vote of the directors without shareholder approval;
provided, that any amendment or repeal, or adoption of any Article of the
Restated Articles or any other
18
<PAGE>
bylaw of the Corporation, which has the effect of limiting the rights granted to
directors under this Article, shall require the affirmative vote of at least 80%
of the voting power of the then outstanding shares of capital stock of the
Corporation entitled to vote in an annual election of directors, voting together
as a single class. Any amendment or repeal, or such Article or other bylaw,
limiting the rights granted under this Article shall operate prospectively only,
and shall not limit in any way the indemnification provided for herein with
respect to any action taken, or failure to act, by an Indemnitee prior thereto.
ARTICLE VII
CAPITAL STOCK
-------------
Section 7.1. Share Certificates. Every holder of fully-paid stock of the
------------ -------------------
Corporation shall be entitled to a certificate or certificates, to be in such
form as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe, and signed (in
facsimile or otherwise, as permitted by law) by the Chairman of the Board of
Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the Vice Chairman of the Board of
Directors, the President or any Vice President and also by the Secretary or the
Treasurer or an Assistant Secretary or an Assistant Treasurer, which certificate
or certificates shall represent and certify the number of shares of stock owned
by such holder. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed
(in facsimile or otherwise, as permitted by law) any share certificate shall
cease to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before the certificate is
issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if the
officer, transfer agent or registrar had not ceased to be such at the date of
its issue. The Board of Directors may authorize the issuance of certificates
for fractional shares or, in lieu thereof, scrip or other evidence of ownership,
which may (or may not) as determined by the Board of Directors entitle the
holder thereof to voting, dividends or other rights of shareholders.
Section 7.2. Transfer of Shares. Transfers of shares of stock of the
------------ -------------------
Corporation shall be made on the books of the Corporation only upon surrender to
the Corporation of the certificate or certificates for such shares properly
endorsed by the shareholder or by his assignee, agent or legal representative,
who shall furnish proper evidence of assignment, authority or legal succession,
or by the agent of one of the foregoing thereunto duly authorized by an
instrument duly executed and filed with the Corporation in accordance with
regular commercial practice.
19
<PAGE>
Section 7.3. Holders of Record. The Corporation shall be entitled to treat
------------ ------------------
the holder of record of any share or shares of stock of the Corporation as the
holder and owner in fact thereof for all purposes and shall not be bound to
recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in any share on the part
of any person other than the registered holder thereof, whether or not it shall
have express or other notice thereof, except as expressly provided by law. The
Board of Directors may fix a record date, within any applicable limits imposed
by law or the Restated Articles of Incorporation, for the determination of
shareholders for any purpose, including meetings, payment of dividends,
allotment of rights and reclassification, conversion or exchange of shares. The
Board of Directors may adopt a procedure whereby a shareholder of the
Corporation may certify in writing to the Corporation that all or a portion of
the shares registered in the name of the shareholder are held for the account of
a specified person or persons. The resolution of the Board of Directors
adopting such a procedure may set forth: (1) the classification of shareholder
who may certify; (2) the purpose or purposes for which the certification may be
made; (3) the form of certification and information to be contained therein; (4)
if the certification is with respect to a record date, the time after the record
date within which the certification must be received by the Corporation; and (5)
such other provisions with respect to the procedure as are deemed necessary or
desirable. Upon receipt by the Corporation of a certification complying with
the procedure, the persons specified in the certification shall be deemed, for
the purposes set forth in the certification, to be the holders of record of the
number of shares specified in place of the shareholder making the certification.
Section 7.4. Replacement. Each duly appointed transfer agent and registrar
------------ ------------
of the Corporation may issue and register, respectively, from time to time,
without further action or approval by or on behalf of the Corporation, new
certificates of stock of the Corporation to replace certificates claimed to have
been lost, stolen, or destroyed, upon receipt by the transfer agent of an
Affidavit of Loss and Bond of Indemnity in such amount and upon such terms as
may be required by the transfer agent to protect the Corporation, the transfer
agent and registrar against all loss, cost or damage arising from the issuance
of such new certificates, provided that a Bond of Indemnity shall not be
required where not more than five shares of stock are involved.
20
<PAGE>
ARTICLE VIII
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 8.1. Description of Seal. The corporate seal of the Corporation
------------ --------------------
shall be inscribed with the name of the Corporation, and the words "Corporate
Seal," and may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or
affixed or in any manner reproduced.
Section 8.2. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be the
------------ ------------
calendar year.
Section 8.3. Gender. In these bylaws, words used in the masculine gender
------------ -------
shall include the feminine.
Section 8.4. Adoption, Amendment or Repeal of Bylaws. Except as otherwise
----------- -------------------------------- -------
provided by law, in the Restated Articles of Incorporation or in these bylaws,
new or additional bylaws may be adopted and these bylaws may be amended or
repealed by action of the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting,
subject to the power of the shareholders to change such action.
__________________________________
CERTIFICATE
-----------
I, Michael C. Hanzel , Assistant Secretary of PPG
---------------------------------------
Industries, Inc., a Pennsylvania corporation, hereby certify that the foregoing
is a true and correct copy of the bylaws of the Corporation.
Witness my hand and the corporate seal of the Corporation this 27th day of
----
April, 1998 .
--------------------
/s/ Michael C. Hanzel
---------------------
Assistant Secretary
21
<PAGE>
Exhibit 12
----------
PPG INDUSTRIES, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
Computation of Ratio Of Earnings to Fixed Charges
(Dollars in Millions)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year Ended December 31 Three Months
---------------------------------------------- Ended
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 March 31, 1998
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Earnings:
Earnings before income taxes $ 531 $ 840 $ 1,247 $ 1,215 $ 1,149 $ 318
Plus:
Fixed charges exclusive of capitalized interest 128 108 113 125 136 38
Amortization of capitalized interest 11 11 12 13 13 3
Adjustments for equity affiliates and minority interest (1) (2) (4) (3) 0 (1)
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Total $ 669 $ 957 $ 1,368 $ 1,350 $ 1,298 $ 358
=================================================================
Fixed Charges:
Interest expense including amortization of debt
discount/premium and debt expense $ 108 $ 88 $ 91 $ 102 $ 113 $ 32
Rentals - portion representative of interest 20 20 22 22 23 6
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Fixed charges exclusive of capitalized interest 128 108 113 124 136 38
Capitalized interest 6 5 9 12 10 2
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Total $ 134 $ 113 $ 122 $ 136 $ 146 $ 40
=================================================================
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges 5.0 8.4 11.3 9.9 8.9 9.0
=================================================================
</TABLE>
<TABLE> <S> <C>
<PAGE>
<ARTICLE> 5
<LEGEND>
THIS SCHEDULE CONTAINS SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION EXTRACTED FROM PPG
INDUSTRIES, INC., MARCH 31, 1998 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND IS QUALIFIED IN ITS
ENTIRETY BY REFERENCE TO SUCH FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
</LEGEND>
<MULTIPLIER> 1,000,000
<S> <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE> 3-MOS
<FISCAL-YEAR-END> DEC-31-1998
<PERIOD-START> JAN-01-1998
<PERIOD-END> MAR-31-1998
<CASH> 141
<SECURITIES> 0
<RECEIVABLES> 1,443
<ALLOWANCES> 0
<INVENTORY> 898
<CURRENT-ASSETS> 2,729
<PP&E> 6,816
<DEPRECIATION> 3,938
<TOTAL-ASSETS> 7,106
<CURRENT-LIABILITIES> 1,818
<BONDS> 1,230
0
0
<COMMON> 484
<OTHER-SE> 2,123
<TOTAL-LIABILITY-AND-EQUITY> 7,106
<SALES> 1,913
<TOTAL-REVENUES> 1,913
<CGS> 1,145
<TOTAL-COSTS> 1,145
<OTHER-EXPENSES> 174
<LOSS-PROVISION> 0
<INTEREST-EXPENSE> 30
<INCOME-PRETAX> 328
<INCOME-TAX> 126
<INCOME-CONTINUING> 0
<DISCONTINUED> 0
<EXTRAORDINARY> 0
<CHANGES> 0
<NET-INCOME> 192
<EPS-PRIMARY> 1.08
<EPS-DILUTED> 1.07
</TABLE>
